Compounds > lansoprazole
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lansoprazole

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Description

Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used to treat conditions related to excess stomach acid, such as heartburn, GERD, and ulcers. It works by blocking the production of acid in the stomach. Lansoprazole is synthesized through a multi-step process involving the coupling of a substituted benzimidazole with a substituted pyridine derivative. It has been shown to effectively reduce acid secretion, providing relief from symptoms and promoting healing in patients with various gastrointestinal conditions. The drug's effectiveness and widespread use have led to extensive research into its pharmacokinetic properties, interactions with other medications, and long-term safety. Studies have explored its potential applications in treating conditions beyond traditional indications, such as Helicobacter pylori infection and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.'

Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID3883
CHEMBL ID480
CHEBI ID6375
SCHEMBL ID22365
MeSH IDM0583189

Synonyms (302)

Synonym
BIDD:GT0006
AC-1233
MLS001074170
AKOS005554811
HMS3269D15
HMS3394F05
AB00052388-17
BRD-A49172652-001-05-7
MLS000069705 ,
KBIO1_000920
DIVK1C_000920
prevonco
a-65006
lanzo
cg-4801
abt-006
lansox
ogast
2-[({3-methyl-4-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)oxy]pyridin-2-yl}methyl)sulfinyl]-1h-benzimidazole
EU-0100709
lansoprazole, >=98% (tlc), powder
zoprol
bamalite
lanston
lanzol-30
aprazol
limpidex
brn 4333393
compraz
lansoprazolum [inn-latin]
lanproton
2-(((3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl)methyl)sulfinyl)-1h-benzimidazole
a 65006
blason
ag-1749
agopton
ogastro
dakar
opiren
lanzopral
promp
2-(((3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl)methyl)sulfinyl)benzimidazole
prevacid solutab
monolitum
mesactol
prezal
ilsatec
hsdb 7204
lansopep
lanzor
prevacid
zoton
prosogan
pro ulco
ag 1749
ketian
lasoprol
SPECTRUM_001580
suprecid
lanz
lancid
1h-benzimidazole, 2-(((3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl)methyl)sulfinyl)-
takepron
lansoprazol [inn-spanish]
lanzoprazole
lansoprazole
cas-103577-45-3
NCGC00015615-01
lopac-l-8533
NCGC00015615-02
IDI1_000920
BPBIO1_001194
BSPBIO_001830
2-({[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}sulfinyl)-1h-benzimidazole
lansoprazolum
lansoprazol
lanzol
lanzul
CHEBI:6375 ,
PRESTWICK2_001072
SPECTRUM5_001521
PRESTWICK3_001072
AB00052388
MLS000759405
cpd000058469 ,
DB00448
prevacid (tn)
103577-45-3
D00355
lansoprazole (jp17/usp/inn)
BSPBIO_001084
NCGC00023826-05
NCGC00023826-04
smr000058469
KBIO2_004628
KBIO2_007196
KBIO2_002060
KBIOSS_002060
KBIOGR_001491
KBIO3_001330
SPBIO_002992
SPECTRUM2_000444
PRESTWICK1_001072
SPECTRUM3_000295
NINDS_000920
PRESTWICK0_001072
SPBIO_000488
SPECTRUM4_000856
SPECTRUM1503926
LOPAC0_000709
NCGC00023826-07
NCGC00023826-06
NCGC00023826-03
NCGC00015615-03
tak-390mr
tak 390mr
MLS-0003247.0001 ,
NCGC00015615-06
L 8533 ,
HMS2052F05
HMS2093M07
NCGC00015615-11
CHEMBL480
nsc-758638
ogastoro
HMS502N22
HMS1922M04
HMS1571G06
2-[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methylsulfinyl]-1h-benzimidazole
STK621169
A800764
2-[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl]methylsulfinyl]-1h-benzimidazole
HMS3262M19
HMS2098G06
HMS3264E12
tox21_301023
NCGC00254925-01
L0233
2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl]methyl]sulfinyl]benzimidazole
nsc758710
pharmakon1600-01504282
MLS001424235
pharmakon1600-01503926
nsc758638
dtxsid4023200 ,
tox21_110184
dtxcid703200
2-{[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methanesulfinyl}-1h-1,3-benzodiazole
prevacid naprapac
HMS2234B10
CCG-39952
NCGC00015615-09
NCGC00015615-05
NCGC00015615-04
NCGC00015615-07
NCGC00015615-08
NCGC00015615-10
NCGC00015615-12
nsc 758638
prevacid iv
prevacid i.v.
unii-0k5c5t2qpg
prevacid 24hr
0k5c5t2qpg ,
lansoprazole [usan:usp:inn:ban]
FT-0670721
FT-0670722
FT-0610894
NCGC00015615-14
LP00709
S1354
lansoprazoles
HMS3371E21
gtpl7208
lansoprazole [usan]
lansoprazole [vandf]
lansoprazole [inn]
prevpac component lansoprazole
lansoprazole [usp-rs]
lansoprazole [usp monograph]
lansoprazole [mi]
lansoprazole [jan]
2-(((3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)sulfinyl)-1h-benzimidazole
lansoprazole [orange book]
lansoprazole [ep monograph]
lansoprazole component of prevpac
lansoprazole [mart.]
lansoprazole [who-dd]
lansoprazole [hsdb]
(+/-)-lansoprazole
HY-13662
CS-1847
2-[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)pyridin-2-ylmethanesulfinyl]-benzimidazole
2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]sulfinyl]-1h-benzimidazole
2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]-sulfinyl]1h-benzimidazole
2-[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-ylmethanesulfinyl]-benzimidazole
2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]sulfinyl]benzimidazole
2-[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-ylmethanesulfinyl]-1h-benzimidazole
2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl]methyl]sulfinyl]-1h-benzimidazole
2-[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrid-2-yl]methylsulfinyl]benzimidazole
2-[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl-methanesulfinyl]-1h-benzimidazole
(+)-2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]sulfinyl]-1h-benzimidazole
2-{[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methylsulfinyl}-1h-benzimidazole
2-[[ [3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl]methyl]sulfinyl]-1h-benzimidazole
2-[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-ylmethanesulfinyl]-1h-benzimidazole
NC00411
BBL029072
SCHEMBL22365
NCGC00015615-15
tox21_110184_1
KS-1075 ,
tox21_500709
NCGC00261394-01
2-[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methylsulfinyl]-1h-benzimidazole
bdbm47032
2-[[3-methyl-4-[2,2,2-tris(fluoranyl)ethoxy]pyridin-2-yl]methylsulfinyl]-1h-benzimidazole
cid_3883
2-((3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methylsulfinyl)-1h-benzo[d]imidazole
2-(((3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)sulfinyl)-1h-benzo[d]imidazole
F2173-0222
lansoprazole, british pharmacopoeia (bp) reference standard
AB00052388_18
AB00052388_19
OPERA_ID_1676
1h-benzimidazole, 2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]sulfinyl]-
mfcd00866873
2-({[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methane}sulfinyl)-1h-1,3-benzodiazole
prevacid delayed release
bdbm50070208
lansoprazole, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
HMS3654J17
lapraz
lanfast
lansoprazole for peak identification, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
lansoprazole, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
lansophed
2-(2-benzimidazolylsulfinylmethyl)-3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridine
sr-01000000169
SR-01000000169-9
SR-01000000169-2
J-007154
SR-01000000169-6
SBI-0050687.P003
HMS3715G06
SW197226-4
2-({3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl)methyl} sulphinylbenzimidazole;2-({3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl)methyl} sulphinylbenzimidazole
BCP22331
1261394-42-6
lansoprazole-13c6
2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-pyridin-2-yl]methyl]sulfinyl]-1h-benzo[d]imidazole
F20528
mjihnnlfokezew-uhfffaoysa-o
HMS3677J05
lansoprazole,(s)
HMS3413J05
Q254296
BRD-A49172652-001-13-1
SB19127
SDCCGSBI-0050687.P004
BCP34129
levolansoprazole;(-)-lansoprazole
NCGC00381720-13
1h-benzimidazole, 2-[(s)-[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]sulfinyl]-
A921066
2-[(r)-[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methylsulfinyl]-1h-benzimidazole
lansoprazole impurity standard
lansoprazole for peak identification
BL166173
Z1501485356
SY052771
sunmark lansoprazole
lansoprazole dr
kirkland signature lansoprazole delayed release
heartburn relief 24 hour
lansoprazole (usp-rs)
a02bc03
health mart lansoprazole
lansoprazole (mart.)
(rs)-2-(((3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)sulfinyl)-1h-benzimidazole
up and up lansoprazole
lansoprazole24 hr
good neighbor pharmacy lansoprazole
berkley and jensen lansoprazole
lansoprazole (usan:usp:inn:ban)
lansoprazole delayed release
basic care lansoprazole
lansoprazol (inn-spanish)
caring mill lansoprazole
topcare lansoprazole
dg health lansoprazole
lansoprazole (usp monograph)
equate lansoprazole delayed release
good sense lansoprazole
safeway acid reducer
lansoprazoledr
signature care acid reducer
equate lansoprazole
equaline lansoprazole
kirkland signature lansoprazole
lansoprazolum (inn-latin)
lansoprazole (ep monograph)
prevacid 24 hr

Research Excerpts

Overview

Lansoprazole (LPZ) is a proton-pump inhibitor used to reduce the production of acid in the stomach. Lansoprazol is a potent anti-gastric ulcer drug that inhibits gastric proton pump activity.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Lansoprazole (LPZ) is an acid pump inhibitor, which readily degrades upon acidic or basic conditions and under heating. "( Efficient incorporation and protection of lansoprazole in cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks.
Gref, R; Guo, T; Hassan, A; Kümmerle, R; Li, X; Martineau-Corcos, C; Michelet, A; Patriarche, G; Péchoux, C; Perronne, B; Porcino, M; Xiong, T; Zehnacker-Rentien, A; Zhang, J; Zhu, W, 2020)		2.27
"Lansoprazole (LPZ) is a proton-pump inhibitor used to reduce the production of acid in the stomach and recently identified as an antitubercular prodrug."( Cyclodextrin-based metal-organic frameworks particles as efficient carriers for lansoprazole: Study of morphology and chemical composition of individual particles.
Gref, R; Guo, T; Guo, Z; Lachmanski, L; Li, X; Manet, I; Manoli, F; Menendez-Miranda, M; Wu, L; Zhang, J, 2017)		1.4
"Lansoprazole is a potent anti-gastric ulcer drug that inhibits gastric proton pump activity. "( Nrf2-inducing anti-oxidation stress response in the rat liver--new beneficial effect of lansoprazole.
Ichinose, M; Iguchi, M; Ito, T; Kawakoshi, A; Nishi, T; Sunami, S; Tamai, H; Tsuruo, Y; Ueda, K; Ueyama, T; Yamamoto, Y; Yamashita, Y, 2014)		2.07
"Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor commonly used in children <12 months of age despite a lack of efficacy and safety data in this age group. "( Uneven Distribution of Microgranules in Divided Lansoprazole Tablets.
Teitelbaum, GA; Teitelbaum, JE, 2015)		2.12
"Lansoprazole is an inhibitor of the CYP2C19 isoenzyme."( Voriconazole-Induced Hepatitis via Simvastatin- and Lansoprazole-Mediated Drug Interactions: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Lopez, JL; Tayek, JA, 2016)		1.41
"Lansoprazole is a potential therapeutic agent for enhancing osteoblastic differentiation."( Lansoprazole Upregulates Polyubiquitination of the TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 and Facilitates Runx2-mediated Osteoblastogenesis.
Ishiguro, N; Ito, M; Kitoh, H; Masuda, A; Mishima, K; Ohkawara, B; Ohno, K; Okuno, T, 2015)		2.58
"Lansoprazole is a potent anti-acid drug from this group."( Acido-basic properties of proton pump inhibitors in aqueous solutions.
Kristl, A, 2009)		1.07
"Dexlansoprazole MR is a novel Dual Delayed Release formulation of dexlansoprazole, an enantiomer of lansoprazole, designed to prolong the plasma concentration-time profile of dexlansoprazole and extend duration of acid suppression with once-daily (QD) dosing."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a known active PPI with a novel Dual Delayed Release technology, dexlansoprazole MR: a combined analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
Atkinson, SN; Mulford, D; Vakily, M; Wu, J; Zhang, W, 2009)		1.19
"Dexlansoprazole MR is a proton pump inhibitor with a Dual Delayed Release (DDR) formulation designed to prolong the dexlansoprazole plasma concentration-time profile. "( Clinical trial: the effect and timing of food on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexlansoprazole MR, a novel Dual Delayed Release formulation of a proton pump inhibitor--evidence for dosing flexibility.
Atkinson, SN; Lee, RD; Mulford, D; Vakily, M; Wu, J, 2009)		1.19
"Dexlansoprazole MR is a DDR formulation of dexlansoprazole, an enantiomer of lansoprazole, with two distinct drug release periods to prolong the plasma dexlansoprazole concentration-time profile and extend duration of acid suppression."( Review article: dual delayed release formulation of dexlansoprazole MR, a novel approach to overcome the limitations of conventional single release proton pump inhibitor therapy.
Dixit, T; Metz, DC; Mulford, D; Vakily, M, 2009)		1.11
"Dexlansoprazole MR is a modified release formulation of a proton pump inhibitor being developed for the treatment of acid-related disorders. "( Effects of dexlansoprazole MR, a novel dual delayed release formulation of a proton pump inhibitor, on plasma gastrin levels in healthy subjects.
Atkinson, SN; Wu, J; Zhang, W, 2009)		1.33
"Lansoprazole 15 mg is a suitable choice for management of frequent nighttime heartburn."( Clinical trial: lansoprazole 15 or 30 mg once daily vs. placebo for treatment of frequent nighttime heartburn in self-treating subjects.
Fennerty, MB; Peura, DA; Riff, DS; Snoddy, AM, 2009)		1.42
"Dexlansoprazole MR is a dual delayed release formulation of dexlansoprazole, an enantiomer of lansoprazole."( Safety profile of dexlansoprazole MR, a proton pump inhibitor with a novel dual delayed release formulation: global clinical trial experience.
Atkinson, SN; Dabholkar, AH; Metz, DC; Paris, MM; Peura, DA; Yu, P, 2009)		1.29
"Lansoprazole (LPZ) is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric secretion and exerts anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells. "( Suppression of phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes by the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole.
Koshio, O; Nakaki, T; Ono, Y; Tansho, S; Ubagai, T, 2010)		2
"Dexlansoprazole MR is a Dual Delayed Release proton pump inhibitor formulated to extend the duration of acid suppression."( The effect of time-of-day dosing on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexlansoprazole MR: evidence for dosing flexibility with a Dual Delayed Release proton pump inhibitor.
Atkinson, SN; Lee, RD; Mulford, D; Wu, J, 2010)		1.21
"Lansoprazole is a gastric proton-pump inhibitor and has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of various peptic diseases. "( The effect of CYP2C19 activity on pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole and its active metabolites in healthy subjects.
Chen, WL; Chu, NN; Li, XN; Xu, HR, 2010)		2.05
"Dexlansoprazole MR is a Dual Delayed Release formulation of dexlansoprazole, an enantiomer of lansoprazole, designed to extend the duration of acid suppression."( The 12-month safety profile of dexlansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor with a dual delayed release formulation, in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Atkinson, SN; Dabholkar, AH; Han, C; Paris, MM; Perez, MC; Peura, DA, 2011)		1.27
"Lansoprazole sodium is a proton pump inhibitor used in treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). "( Freeze dried chitosan/ poly-(glutamic acid) microparticles for intestinal delivery of lansoprazole.
Ram, M; Shivakumar, HG; Singh, MN; Yadav, HK, 2012)		2.04
"Lansoprazole is a potent proton pump inhibitor that has been well tolerated with minimal serious adverse events. "( Lansoprazole-associated microscopic colitis: a case series.
Bensen, SP; Lestina, LS; Maheshwari, Y; Ratcliffe, NR; Thomson, RD; Toor, A, 2002)		3.2
"Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor widely prescribed for gastroesophageal reflux and benign peptic ulcer disease. "( Diarrhea associated with lansoprazole.
Mukherjee, S, 2003)		2.07
"Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) which is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option in the management of acid-related disorders. "( Lansoprazole fast disintegrating tablet: a new formulation for an established proton pump inhibitor.
Baldi, F; Malfertheiner, P, 2003)		3.2
"Lansoprazole is a substrate of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. "( Effects of fluvoxamine on lansoprazole pharmacokinetics in relation to CYP2C19 genotypes.
Saito, M; Sugawara, K; Takahata, T; Tateishi, T; Uno, T; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2004)		2.07
"Lansoprazole (LPZ) is a representative drug that shows a high inter-subject variation of bioavailability (BA). "( Effect of adsorbents on the absorption of lansoprazole with surfactant.
Arai, H; Ito, Y; Iwasaki, K; Shibata, N; Takada, K; Uchino, K, 2005)		2.04
"Lansoprazole (LAN) is a proton pump inhibitor drug (PPI) metabolized by the P-450 liver cytochrome (CYP-450) system. "( Effects of the association of lansoprazole, clarithromycin and metronidazole for helicobacter Pylori eradication therapy, measured by the 13C Aminopyrine breath test.
Bellotti, M; Botta, F; Chiarbonello, B; Cotelessa, T; Emanuela, T; Fumagalli, A; Giannini, E; Malfatti, F; Milazzo, S; Podestà, E; Polegato, S; Testa, R, 2005)		2.06
"Lansoprazole is a substrate of CYP2C19 and CYP3A. "( Effects of clarithromycin on lansoprazole pharmacokinetics between CYP2C19 genotypes.
Munakata, A; Saito, M; Sugawara, K; Takahata, T; Tateishi, T; Uno, T; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2005)		2.06
"Lansoprazole is an H+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used for management of acid-related disorders. "( Lansoprazole oro-dispersible tablet : pharmacokinetics and therapeutic use in acid-related disorders.
Baldi, F, 2005)		3.21
"Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that inactivates the H(+)/K(+)-ATPase pump in parietal cells, thus inhibiting gastric acid secretion and increasing intragastric pH. "( Lansoprazole: in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in children and adolescents.
Croom, KF; Scott, LJ, 2005)		3.21
"Lansoprazole was found to be a bacteriostatic, multi-target antimicrobial against F. "( Antimicrobial actions of benzimidazoles against the oral anaerobes Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia.
Baldeck, JD; Marquis, RE; Nguyen, PT; Olsson, J; Sheng, J, 2006)		1.78
"Lansoprazole is an acid proton-pump inhibiting drug that is used for the treatment of duodenal or gastric ulcers, H. "( Reversible lansoprazole-induced interstitial lung disease showing improvement after drug cessation.
Hwang, KW; Kang, EY; Shim, JJ; Shin, BK; Woo, OH; Yong, HS, )		1.96
"Lansoprazole is a benzimidazole derivative that effectively decreases gastric acid secretion, regardless of the primary stimulus, via inhibition of gastric H+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). "( Lansoprazole. A reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and its therapeutic efficacy in acid-related disorders.
Faulds, D; Spencer, CM, 1994)		3.17
"Lansoprazole is a new potent proton pump inhibitor that exhibits activity against Helicobacter pylori in vitro. "( The effects of short-term lansoprazole therapy on Helicobacter pylori infection and antral gastritis in duodenal ulcer patients.
Atkinson, BF; Brightman, SA; Jhala, NC; McFarland, MM; Morale, B; Rubin, W, 1995)		2.03
"Lansoprazole is a substituted benzimidazole which inhibits gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the hydrogen-potassium ATPase (proton pump) in the parietal cell. "( Mechanism for species-specific induction of Leydig cell tumors in rats by lansoprazole.
Ando, T; Fort, FL; Hamashima, T; Hodgen, GD; Kitazaki, T; Mahony, MC; Miyajima, H; Sato, S; Suzuki, T; Yamamoto, M, 1995)		1.96
"Lansoprazole is a new proton pump inhibitor that was synthesized and developed in Japan. "( Studies of various administration methods for lansoprazole injection using 24-hour intragastric pH monitoring.
Inoue, M; Nakamura, M, 1995)		1.99
"Lansoprazole is considered to be a useful agent for the treatment of patients with peptic ulcers and H."( Therapeutic effects of lansoprazole on peptic ulcers in elderly patients.
Asagoe, K; Dekigai, H; Kusaka, S; Maeda, S; Matsumoto, M; Mizuno, M; Murakami, M; Saita, H; Seki, M; Takahashi, Y, 1995)		1.32
"Lansoprazole is a H+.K(+)-ATPase (proton pump) inhibitor with an anti-secretory action and is therefore potentially useful in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux."( Lansoprazole versus ranitidine for the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. UK Lansoprazole Clinical Research Group.
Bardhan, KD; Brocklebank, D; Hawkey, CJ; Long, RG; Morgan, AG; Moules, IK; Wormsley, KG, 1995)		3.18
"Lansoprazole is a new proton pump inhibitor which produces prolonged decrease of gastric acidity. "( A comparison of lansoprazole and ranitidine in the treatment of erosive oesophagitis. Multicentre Investigational Group.
Avner, D; Greski-Rose, PA; Jennings, DE; Jhala, N; Robinson, M; Sahba, B, 1995)		2.08
"Lansoprazole is a new substituted benzimidazole that inhibits the H+,K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase in the parietal cell and, like the first developed proton pump inhibitor omeprazole, gives a strong inhibition of gastric acid output."( Lansoprazole versus omeprazole in active duodenal ulcer. A double-blind, randomized, comparative study.
Anker-Hansen, O; Carling, L; Ekström, P; Sellström, H; Sjöstedt, S; Unge, P, 1995)		3.18
"Lansoprazole is a new proton pump inhibitor which powerfully decreases acid secretion."( Rapid healing of gastric ulcers with lansoprazole.
Ahlberg, J; Bardhan, KD; Hislop, WS; Lindholmer, C; Long, RG; Morgan, AG; Sjostedt, S; Smith, PM; Stig, R; Wormsley, KG, 1994)		2
"Lansoprazole is an inhibitor of gastric H+,K(+)-ATPase, commonly referred to as the 'proton pump'. "( Clinical review of lansoprazole.
Lockhart, SP, )		1.9
"Lansoprazole, one of PPIs, is a strong antacid and it cures stomach and duodenal ulcers at early stages as well as having antibiotic action towards HP. "( [Activity of Lansoprazole (new proton pump inhibitor) against Helicobacter pylori and its therapeutic efficacy].
Kawano, S; Murai, M; Tamura, K; Tanaka, M, 1993)		2.1
"Lansoprazole was found to be an effective and safe alternative to omeprazole in short-term treatment of moderate reflux oesophagitis."( Lansoprazole versus omeprazole in short-term treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Results of a Scandinavian multicentre trial.
Berstad, A; Carling, L; Ekström, P; Halvorsen, L; Hatlebakk, JG; Hovdenak, N; Stallemo, A; Svedberg, LE; Trondstad, R; Unge, P, 1993)		2.45
"Lansoprazole is a potent proton pump inhibitor and blocks gastric acid secretion. "( Effect of four lansoprazole dose levels and one dosage regimen of omeprazole on 24-hour intragastric pH in healthy subjects.
Ehrlich, A; Fuder, H; Kleist, P; Lücker, PW; Ripke, H; Timmer, W; Wieckhorst, G, 1995)		2.09
"Lansoprazole is a potent antisecretory drug also possessing anti-Helicobacter pylori activity in vitro. "( Lansoprazole capsules and amoxicillin oral suspension in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease.
Bang, CJ; Berstad, A; Hatlebakk, JG; Hausken, T; Nesje, LB, 1995)		3.18
"Lansoprazole is a new proton pump inhibitor for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease."( A comparison of three doses of lansoprazole (15, 30 and 60 mg) and placebo in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. The Lansoprazole Study Group.
Avner, DL; Dorsch, ER; Greski-Rose, PA; Jennings, DE, 1995)		2.02
"Lansoprazole is an effective and safe treatment for duodenal ulcer and the 15 mg dose is as effective as 30 or 60 mg."( A comparison of three doses of lansoprazole (15, 30 and 60 mg) and placebo in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. The Lansoprazole Study Group.
Avner, DL; Dorsch, ER; Greski-Rose, PA; Jennings, DE, 1995)		2.02
"Lansoprazole is a novel H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor which exhibits a very potent and long-acting suppression of acid secretion. "( Comparison of lansoprazole and omeprazole in the short-term management of duodenal ulcers in Taiwan.
Chang, FY; Chiang, CY; Lee, SD; Ng, WW; Tam, TN, )		1.93
"Lansoprazole is a gastric parietal cell proton pump inhibitor that is also active against Helicobacter pylori in vitro. "( In-vitro activity of lansoprazole against Helicobacter pylori.
Crabtree, JE; Dattilo, M; Figura, N, 1997)		2.06
"Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces gastric acid secretion. "( Lansoprazole. An update of its pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy in the management of acid-related disorders.
Langtry, HD; Wilde, MI, 1997)		3.18
"Lansoprazole is a potent gastric proton pump inhibitor that is metabolized by CYP2C19 but appears to induce the activity of hepatic microsomal CYP1A2 in a concentration-dependent manner. "( Theophylline pharmacokinetics are not altered by lansoprazole in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers.
Flockhart, DA; Jang, IJ; Ko, JW; Nam, SK; Shin, JG; Shin, SG, 1999)		2
"Lansoprazole is a potent proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) of parietal cells, which reduces the secretion of gastric acid. "( Effects of lansoprazole on human gastric lipase secretion and intragastric lipolysis in healthy human volunteers.
Carrière, F; Grandval, P; Joubert-Collin, M; Laugier, R; Renou, C; Ville, E, 2001)		2.14
"Lansoprazole is an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion and also exhibits antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori in vitro. "( Lansoprazole: an update of its place in the management of acid-related disorders.
Jarvis, B; Matheson, AJ, 2001)		3.2
"Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that reduces gastric acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner via inhibition of H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase in gastric parietal cells. "( An overview of the pharmacology, efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of lansoprazole.
Bown, RL, 2002)		1.99
"Lansoprazole is an effective acid pump inhibitor acting at the final enzymatic step of the acid secretory pathway of the parietal cell, decreasing gastric acid secretion regardless of the primary stimulus. "( Lansoprazole. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and its therapeutic efficacy in acid-related disorders.
Barradell, LB; Faulds, D; McTavish, D, 1992)		3.17
"Lansoprazole is a newly developed proton pump inhibitor. "( Effect of lansoprazole on intragastric pH. Comparison between morning and evening dosing.
Abe, S; Asaki, S; Hirasawa, Y; Hongo, M; Ohara, S; Toyota, T, 1992)		2.13
"Lansoprazole (AG 1749) is a novel substituted benzimidazole which inhibits gastric acid secretion by blocking H+,K(+)-ATPase. "( Dose-related healing of duodenal ulcer with the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole.
Barth, H; Dammann, HG; Hengels, KJ; Kleinert, R; Londong, W; Müller, P; Rohde, H; Simon, B, 1991)		1.96

Effects

Lansoprazole has a wide margin of safety and is well tolerated when administered as monotherapy in short- and long-term clinical trials. Lansoprazol has an asymmetric atom in its structure and is clinically administered as a racemic mixture of (R)-and (S)-enantiomers.

Lansoprazole (LPZ) has anti-inflammatory activity and repairs cells damaged by phagocytic cells. Lansoprazol has been reformulated as an oro-dispersible tablet (LODT) that quickly dissolves in the mouth without water.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Lansoprazole has an asymmetric atom in its structure and is clinically administered as a racemic mixture of (R)-and (S)-enantiomers."( Stereoselective Inhibition of Renal Basolateral Human Organic Anion Transporter 3 by Lansoprazole Enantiomers.
Hamada, Y; Ikemura, K; Iwamoto, T; Okuda, M, 2018)		1.43
"Dexlansoprazole MR 30-90 mg has a safety profile comparable to that of lansoprazole."( Safety profile of dexlansoprazole MR, a proton pump inhibitor with a novel dual delayed release formulation: global clinical trial experience.
Atkinson, SN; Dabholkar, AH; Metz, DC; Paris, MM; Peura, DA; Yu, P, 2009)		1.29
"Dexlansoprazole has a unique dual delayed-release formulation, which releases drug at 2 points in time; the first peak occurs 1-2 hours after administration and the second occurs within 4-5 hours after administration."( Dexlansoprazole in the treatment of esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Abel, C; Desilets, AR; Willett, K, 2010)		1.5
"Dexlansoprazole MR has a unique dual delayed-release delivery system that was designed to address unmet needs that may accompany the use of single-release proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), specifically, their short plasma half-life and requirement for meal-associated dosing."( Dexlansoprazole MR for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Behm, BW; Peura, DA, 2011)		1.5
"Lansoprazole has a protective action on gastric mucosa and the liver. "( Role of oxidative stress in lansoprazole-mediated gastric and hepatic protection in Wistar rats.
Agnihotri, N; Kaur, H; Kaur, N; Sarotra, P, )		1.87
"Lansoprazole has a cytotoxic action against this organism, the MIC being 2.56-5.25 micrograms/ml."( Effect of lansoprazole in mono-, dual-, or triple therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication.
Kawano, S; Murakami, M; Saita, H; Tsuji, S, 1996)		1.42
"Lansoprazole has a wide margin of safety and is well tolerated when administered as monotherapy in short- and long-term clinical trials."( Lansoprazole for maintenance of remission of erosive oesophagitis.
Ballard, ED; Freston, JW; Huang, B; Jackson, RL, 2002)		2.48
"Lansoprazole has been reported to provide hepatoprotection in a drug-induced hepatitis animal model through the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) pathway."( Lansoprazole protects hepatic cells against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress through the p38 MAPK/ARE/Nrf2 pathway.
Ito, T; Kanai, Y; Nishi, T; Yamagishi, N; Yamamoto, Y, 2023)		3.07
"Lansoprazole has been shown to exert antioxidant action through induction of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway."( Lansoprazole halts contrast induced nephropathy through activation of Nrf2 pathway in rats.
Abd El-Aziz, HG; Abd-Allah, AR; Alwakeel, AI; Alzokaky, AA; Khaleel, SA; Raslan, NA, 2017)		2.62
"Lansoprazole has an asymmetric atom in its structure and is clinically administered as a racemic mixture of (R)-and (S)-enantiomers."( Stereoselective Inhibition of Renal Basolateral Human Organic Anion Transporter 3 by Lansoprazole Enantiomers.
Hamada, Y; Ikemura, K; Iwamoto, T; Okuda, M, 2018)		1.43
"Lansoprazole has been reported as agonist of LXR, and shows an anti-proliferative effect in cancer cells."( Lansoprazole reduces renal cyst in polycystic kidney disease via inhibition of cell proliferation and fluid secretion.
Chatsudthipong, V; Nantavishit, J; Soodvilai, S, 2018)		2.64
"Dexlansoprazole DDR has the potential to outperform traditional PPIs based on the metabolism and novel pharmacokinetics. "( Dexlansoprazole MR.
Aslam, N; Wright, R, 2009)		1.6
"Dexlansoprazole MR 30-90 mg has a safety profile comparable to that of lansoprazole."( Safety profile of dexlansoprazole MR, a proton pump inhibitor with a novel dual delayed release formulation: global clinical trial experience.
Atkinson, SN; Dabholkar, AH; Metz, DC; Paris, MM; Peura, DA; Yu, P, 2009)		1.29
"Lansoprazole (LPZ) has anti-inflammatory activity and repairs cells damaged by phagocytic cells. "( Downregulation of immunomodulator gene expression in LPS-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole.
Koshibu, Y; Koshio, O; Nakaki, T; Ono, Y; Ubagai, T, 2009)		2
"Dexlansoprazole has a unique dual delayed-release formulation, which releases drug at 2 points in time; the first peak occurs 1-2 hours after administration and the second occurs within 4-5 hours after administration."( Dexlansoprazole in the treatment of esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Abel, C; Desilets, AR; Willett, K, 2010)		1.5
"Dexlansoprazole MR has a unique dual delayed-release delivery system that was designed to address unmet needs that may accompany the use of single-release proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), specifically, their short plasma half-life and requirement for meal-associated dosing."( Dexlansoprazole MR for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Behm, BW; Peura, DA, 2011)		1.5
"Lansoprazole has been reformulated as an oro-dispersible tablet (LODT) that quickly dissolves in the mouth without water."( Lansoprazole oro-dispersible tablet : pharmacokinetics and therapeutic use in acid-related disorders.
Baldi, F, 2005)		2.49
"Lansoprazole has a protective action on gastric mucosa and the liver. "( Role of oxidative stress in lansoprazole-mediated gastric and hepatic protection in Wistar rats.
Agnihotri, N; Kaur, H; Kaur, N; Sarotra, P, )		1.87
"Lansoprazole has been administered to 4749 subjects and has been well tolerated."( Safety of lansoprazole.
Colin-Jones, DG, 1993)		1.41
"Lansoprazole has been shown to exhibit lower MIC than omeprazole."( [Effect of treatment with lansoprazole and amoxicillin in combination on healing process of duodenal ulcer].
Maruyama, M, 1996)		1.32
"Lansoprazole has a cytotoxic action against this organism, the MIC being 2.56-5.25 micrograms/ml."( Effect of lansoprazole in mono-, dual-, or triple therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication.
Kawano, S; Murakami, M; Saita, H; Tsuji, S, 1996)		1.42
"Lansoprazole has been shown to induce cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) and CYP3A enzymes in human hepatocytes in vitro. "( Urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol and D-glucaric acid excretion rates are not affected by lansoprazole treatment.
Mansmann, U; Roots, I; Rost, KL, 1997)		1.96
"Lansoprazole has been studied extensively for the short-term treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers, reflux esophagitis, and Helicobacter pylori-positive peptic ulcer disease; long-term treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; and maintenance treatment of erosive esophagitis."( Lansoprazole: a comprehensive review.
Katona, BG; Zimmermann, AE, )		2.3
"Lansoprazole has been well tolerated in clinical trials, with headache, diarrhoea, dizziness and nausea appearing to be the most common adverse effects."( Lansoprazole. An update of its pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy in the management of acid-related disorders.
Langtry, HD; Wilde, MI, 1997)		2.46
"Lansoprazole has superior anti-Helicobacter activity in vitro and possibly also in vivo; therefore we investigated quadruple therapy with lansoprazole."( Effectiveness of quadruple therapy using lansoprazole, instead of omeprazole, in curing Helicobacter pylori infection.
de Boer, WA; Driessen, WM; Lai, JY; Schneeberger, PM; van de Wouw, BA; van Etten, RJ, 1996)		1.28
"Lansoprazole has undergone extensive clinical evaluation for the treatment of acid-peptic diseases. "( Safety profile of Lansoprazole: the US clinical trial experience.
Freston, JW; Haber, M; Heller, CA; Jennings, D; Rose, PA, 1999)		2.08
"Lansoprazole has relatively high solubility in solutions with high pH and is well partitioned from aqueous to n-octanol phase."( Preformulation investigation of the novel proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole.
Kristl, A; Vrecer, F, 2000)		1.27
"Lansoprazole has a wide margin of safety and is well tolerated when administered as monotherapy in short- and long-term clinical trials."( Lansoprazole for maintenance of remission of erosive oesophagitis.
Ballard, ED; Freston, JW; Huang, B; Jackson, RL, 2002)		2.48
"Lansoprazole has been well tolerated in short term clinical trials, with an incidence of adverse effects comparable with that of other agents in its therapeutic class."( Lansoprazole. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and its therapeutic efficacy in acid-related disorders.
Barradell, LB; Faulds, D; McTavish, D, 1992)		2.45

Actions

Lansoprazole users had a lower rate of TB disease (n = 86; 10.0 cases per 100,000 person years; 95% confidence interval 8.1-12.4) than omeprazole or pantoprazoles users. Lansoprazol did not inhibit the toxin-induced vacuolization of HeLa cells by a cytotoxic strain.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Lansoprazole users had a lower rate of TB disease (n = 86; 10.0 cases per 100,000 person years; 95% confidence interval 8.1-12.4) than omeprazole or pantoprazole users (n = 193; 15.3 cases per 100,000 person years; 95% confidence interval 13.3-17.7), with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.68 (0.52-0.89)."( Lansoprazole use and tuberculosis incidence in the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink: A population based cohort.
Bhaskaran, K; Douglas, IJ; Langan, S; Smeeth, L; Thomas, S; Tomlinson, LA; Yates, TA, 2017)		2.62
"Lansoprazole can cause MC."( Lansoprazole-induced microscopic colitis: an increasing problem? Results of a prospecive case-series and systematic review of the literature.
Attilia, F; Capurso, G; Colarossi, C; Delle Fave, G; Di Giulio, E; Marignani, M; Milione, M; Zampaletta, C, 2011)		2.53
"Lansoprazole did not inhibit the toxin-induced vacuolization of HeLa cells by a cytotoxic strain, hence its anti-H."( In-vitro activity of lansoprazole against Helicobacter pylori.
Crabtree, JE; Dattilo, M; Figura, N, 1997)		1.34

Treatment

Lansoprazole treatment of rat liver epithelial RL34 cells induced transactivation of Nrf2 and the expression of antioxidant genes. Treatment significantly attenuated STZ and HFD -induced memory deficits, biochemical and histopathological alterations.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Lansoprazole treatment of rat liver epithelial RL34 cells induced transactivation of Nrf2 and the expression of the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant genes encoding HO1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1, and glutathione S-transferase A2."( Lansoprazole protects hepatic cells against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress through the p38 MAPK/ARE/Nrf2 pathway.
Ito, T; Kanai, Y; Nishi, T; Yamagishi, N; Yamamoto, Y, 2023)		3.07
"Lansoprazole treatment significantly attenuated STZ and HFD -induced memory deficits, biochemical and histopathological alterations."( Defensive effect of lansoprazole in dementia of AD type in mice exposed to streptozotocin and cholesterol enriched diet.
Singh, N; Sodhi, RK, 2013)		1.43
"lansoprazole-treated patients; levels returned to baseline after treatment in both groups."( Randomised clinical trial: efficacy and safety of vonoprazan vs. lansoprazole in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers - results from two phase 3, non-inferiority randomised controlled trials.
Miwa, H; Mori, Y; Nishimura, A; Sakaki, N; Sakurai, Y; Takanami, Y; Tatsumi, T; Uedo, N; Watari, J, 2017)		1.41
"Lansoprazole-treated patients experienced significantly greater symptom relief (P<0.001), and, if asymptomatic at entry into the maintenance phase, remained asymptomatic for significantly longer than ranitidine-treated patients (P<0.001)."( Lansoprazole for long-term maintenance therapy of erosive esophagitis: double-blind comparison with ranitidine.
Atkinson, S; Freston, JW; Haber, MM; Hunt, B; Kovacs, TO; Peura, DA, 2009)		2.52
"Lansoprazole treatment produced effects on the liver consistent with an enhanced metabolic capacity, including significant increases in relative liver weights, total microsomal CYP content, individual CYP protein levels, and enhanced CYP-dependent testosterone metabolism in vitro."( Lansoprazole increases testosterone metabolism and clearance in male Sprague-Dawley rats: implications for Leydig cell carcinogenesis.
Coulson, M; Gibson, GG; Graham, M; Hammond, T; Plant, N, 2003)		2.48
"Lansoprazole pretreatment led to decrease in the levels of MDA and increase in SOD, catalase, GSH, glutathione reductase and GST in both the gastric mucosa and liver."( Role of oxidative stress in lansoprazole-mediated gastric and hepatic protection in Wistar rats.
Agnihotri, N; Kaur, H; Kaur, N; Sarotra, P, )		1.15
"Lansoprazole treatment for 11 days caused a significant decrease of approximately 12% in t1/2beta and about 10% in the MRT of theophylline, although neither AUC nor CLapp showed a significant alteration."( Effects of lansoprazole on pharmacokinetics and metabolism of theophylline.
Ihara, N; Kokufu, T; Koyama, H; Mori, S; Nakajima, K; Ohta, T; Sugioka, N, 1995)		1.4
"Pre-treatment with lansoprazole (100 mg/kg) ameliorated the nephrotoxicity parameters and oxidative stress, improved histological lesions, and hijacked apoptotic and inflammatory markers that were provoked by contrast media."( Lansoprazole halts contrast induced nephropathy through activation of Nrf2 pathway in rats.
Abd El-Aziz, HG; Abd-Allah, AR; Alwakeel, AI; Alzokaky, AA; Khaleel, SA; Raslan, NA, 2017)		2.22
"Pretreatment with lansoprazole attenuated thioacetamide (500 mg/kg)-induced acute hepatic damage via both HO-1-dependent and -independent pathways."( Nrf2-inducing anti-oxidation stress response in the rat liver--new beneficial effect of lansoprazole.
Ichinose, M; Iguchi, M; Ito, T; Kawakoshi, A; Nishi, T; Sunami, S; Tamai, H; Tsuruo, Y; Ueda, K; Ueyama, T; Yamamoto, Y; Yamashita, Y, 2014)		0.95
"Rats treated with lansoprazole showed significantly reduced body weights compared to controls (lansoprazole-treated rats and controls, 322.3±15.3 g vs 403.2±5.2 g, respectively, p<0.001). "( Impact of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy on Gut Microbiota in F344 Rats: Pilot Study.
Jung, HC; Kim, JH; Kim, JM; Kim, JS; Kim, N; Kim, YR; Kim, YS; Lee, DH; Nam, RH; Park, JH; Seok, YJ; Shin, CM, 2016)		0.77
"Treatment with lansoprazole resulted in up to ninefold dose-dependent increases in endogenous gastrin levels (p < 0.05 for 10 mg/kg lansoprazole vs vehicle). "( Treatment with a proton pump inhibitor improves glycaemic control in Psammomys obesus, a model of type 2 diabetes.
Bödvarsdóttir, TB; Gotfredsen, CF; Hove, KD; Karlsen, AE; Petersen, JS; Pridal, L; Vaag, A, 2010)		0.71
"Pretreatment with lansoprazole dose- dependently reduced the severity of the indomethacin-induced intestinal lesions, with suppression of the increased MPO activity, while omeprazole had no effect."( Prevention by lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, of indomethacin -induced small intestinal ulceration in rats through induction of heme oxygenase-1.
Amagase, K; Higuchi, K; Kakimoto, K; Kato, S; Murano, M; Nishio, H; Takeuchi, K; Tokioka, S; Umegaki, E; Yoda, Y, 2010)		1.04
"Treatment with lansoprazole is a useful test in diagnosing endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in Chinese patients with non-cardiac chest pain."( Symptomatic response to lansoprazole predicts abnormal acid reflux in endoscopy-negative patients with non-cardiac chest pain.
Chan, CK; Chen, WH; Hu, WH; Hui, WM; Lai, KC; Lam, SK; Lau, CP; Wong, BC; Wong, NY; Wong, WM; Xia, HH, 2003)		0.98
"Pretreatment with lansoprazole 90 micromol/kg, given intraduodenally as single dose or once daily by intragastric route for 8 days, significantly prevented ethanol-HCl-induced gastric damage."( Mechanisms of gastroprotection by lansoprazole pretreatment against experimentally induced injury in rats: role of mucosal oxidative damage and sulfhydryl compounds.
Blandizzi, C; Colucci, R; Del Tacca, M; Fornai, M; Lazzeri, G; Lubrano, V; Natale, G; Vassalle, C, 2004)		0.93

Toxicity

The LCM1 regimen consisting of 30 mg lansoprazole once daily, 200 mg clarithromycin twice daily, and 250 mg metronidazole twice daily (the regular doses in ordinary use in Japan) is a highly effective and safe regimen for Japanese pati.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Minor adverse events include headache, diarrhoea, dizziness, pruritus and rash."( Safety of proton pump inhibitors--an overview.
Arnold, R, 1994)		0.29
" These results demonstrate that lansoprazole is a safe and effective inhibitor of gastric acid hypersecretion in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome."( Prospective study of efficacy and safety of lansoprazole in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Feigenbaum, K; Gardner, JD; Jensen, RT; Koviack, PD; Maton, PN; Metz, DC; Pisegna, JR; Ringham, GL, 1993)		0.83
" These results demonstrate that long-term treatment with lansoprazole is both safe and effective in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and suggest that this drug will be useful in such patients."( Prospective study of the long-term efficacy and safety of lansoprazole in patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Feigenbaum, KM; Jensen, RT; Koviack, PD; Metz, DC, 1993)		0.78
"7%) were the most commonly reported adverse events."( Safety of lansoprazole.
Colin-Jones, DG, 1993)		0.69
"The LCM1 regimen consisting of 30 mg lansoprazole once daily, 200 mg clarithromycin twice daily, and 250 mg metronidazole twice daily (the regular doses in ordinary use in Japan) is a highly effective and safe regimen for Japanese patients."( The efficacy and safety of one-week triple therapy with lansoprazole, clarithromycin, and metronidazole for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Japanese patients.
Ido, K; Kihira, K; Kimura, K; Saifuku, K; Satoh, K; Seki, M; Takimoto, T; Taniguchi, Y; Yoshida, Y, 1997)		0.82
" Neither adverse events nor carcinoid tumors were observed."( [Effectiveness and safety of lansoprazole in the treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. First six months of treatment].
Cadiot, G; Coste, T; Escourrou, J; Forestier, S; Mignon, M; Pospaï, D; Ruszniewski, P, 1998)		0.59
" Adverse events, laboratory value changes and gastric biopsy changes that occurred during treatment were compared statistically for differences between treatments."( Safety profile of Lansoprazole: the US clinical trial experience.
Freston, JW; Haber, M; Heller, CA; Jennings, D; Rose, PA, 1999)		0.64
"The incidence of adverse events and number of patients discontinuing treatment because of adverse events was similar for lansoprazole and comparative agents."( Safety profile of Lansoprazole: the US clinical trial experience.
Freston, JW; Haber, M; Heller, CA; Jennings, D; Rose, PA, 1999)		0.85
"Argon plasma coagulation in an acid-controlled environment was both efficacious and safe in the treatment of Barrett's esophagus."( The efficacy and safety of argon plasma coagulation therapy in Barrett's esophagus.
Grade, AJ; Medlin, SM; Ramirez, FC; Shah, IA, 1999)		0.3
"The adverse effect profile of proton-pump inhibitors is presented."( Safety profile of the proton-pump inhibitors.
Reilly, JP, 1999)		0.3
" Safety evaluations, which included adverse events, vital signs, clinical laboratory determinations, ECG, and physical examinations, revealed no unexpected clinically significant findings and did not suggest a drug-drug interaction."( Lack of interaction between lansoprazole and propranolol, a pharmacokinetic and safety assessment.
Cavanaugh, JH; Karol, MD; Locke, CS, 2000)		0.6
"To estimate the rates of common adverse events in patients treated with the proton pump inhibitors omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole in general practice in England."( The rates of common adverse events reported during treatment with proton pump inhibitors used in general practice in England: cohort studies.
Dunn, NR; Freemantle, S; Martin, RM; Shakir, S, 2000)		0.52
" No drug related severe adverse event was reported."( [Complementary observational study of the efficacy, tolerance and safety of lansoprazole 15 mg as maintenance therapy of reflux esophagitis in daily medical practice in Belgium (record RU49749/R002].
Azerad, MA; Fassotte, C; Penson, J; Puttemans, M, 2001)		0.54
" Safety for all study participants was monitored by adverse event reports and laboratory evaluations."( Safety of lansoprazole in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children.
Fitzgerald, J; Hassall, E; Huang, B; Kane, R; Pilmer, B; Tolia, V, 2002)		0.72
" Throughout the treatment period, no child discontinued therapy because of an adverse event and no clinically significant changes in laboratory values were observed."( Safety of lansoprazole in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children.
Fitzgerald, J; Hassall, E; Huang, B; Kane, R; Pilmer, B; Tolia, V, 2002)		0.72
"Lansoprazole, when administered on the basis of body weight in children between 1 and 11 years of age, is safe and well-tolerated."( Safety of lansoprazole in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children.
Fitzgerald, J; Hassall, E; Huang, B; Kane, R; Pilmer, B; Tolia, V, 2002)		2.16
"To estimate the frequency of adverse events and drug interactions reported to the Food and Drug Administration in patients receiving omeprazole, lansoprazole or pantoprazole."( A summary of Food and Drug Administration-reported adverse events and drug interactions occurring during therapy with omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole.
Koelz, HR; Labenz, J; Petersen, KU; Rösch, W, 2003)		0.72
"The study involved a search of the Food and Drug Administration's database for adverse events and drug interactions with omeprazole, lansoprazole or pantoprazole as primary or secondary suspect drug."( A summary of Food and Drug Administration-reported adverse events and drug interactions occurring during therapy with omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole.
Koelz, HR; Labenz, J; Petersen, KU; Rösch, W, 2003)		0.73
" Treatment-related adverse events were reported by 19% of patients with non-erosive and 4% of patients with erosive esophagitis."( Efficacy and safety of lansoprazole in adolescents with symptomatic erosive and non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Fiedorek, S; Gold, BD; Gremse, D; Huang, B; Lee, C; Stolle, J; Tolia, V, 2005)		0.64
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)		0.32
" In the present article, the adverse effects of PPIs are reviewed, with special emphasis on those related to their continued administration and on the special circumstances of patients, as in the case of the elderly, those with liver failure, pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and children."( [Safety of proton pump inhibitors].
Esplugues, JV; Martí-Cabrera, M; Ponce, J, 2006)		0.33
" Side-effect profile and tolerability were assessed using a symptom-based questionnaire."( Efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii in the 14-day triple anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study.
Cindoruk, M; Dursun, A; Erkan, G; Karakan, T; Unal, S, 2007)		0.34
" A retrospective review of children receiving PPI therapy continuously for 1 year or more with baseline and follow-up esophageal and gastric biopsies on treatment was conducted to assess type, frequency, and duration of PPI dosing, symptom relief, gastrin levels, histologic findings, and adverse events."( Long-term proton pump inhibitor use in children: a retrospective review of safety.
Boyer, K; Tolia, V, 2008)		0.35
" Both studies involved either a 7- or 14-day pre-treatment period, with a dose administration period of 5 days, and a follow-up period of 30 days for adverse events collection."( Safety and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease aged <1 year.
Atkinson, S; North, J; Raanan, M; Springer, M, 2008)		0.63
" Four neonates and one infant experienced mild to moderate treatment-related adverse events during the dose administration period."( Safety and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease aged <1 year.
Atkinson, S; North, J; Raanan, M; Springer, M, 2008)		0.63
" Safety was assessed based on the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) and clinical/laboratory data."( Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole in infants with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Atkinson, S; Furmaga-Jablonska, W; Hassall, E; Orenstein, SR; Raanan, M, 2009)		0.56
"To explore whether proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) possess anti-inflammatory effects on microglia, we investigated the effect of lansoprazole (LPZ) and omeprazole (OPZ) on the toxic action towards SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells of supernatants from human microglia and THP-1 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide combined with interferon-gamma."( Proton pump inhibitors exert anti-inflammatory effects and decrease human microglial and monocytic THP-1 cell neurotoxicity.
Hashioka, S; Klegeris, A; McGeer, PL, 2009)		0.56
"Clinical safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events (AEs), laboratory data including serum gastrin levels, and endoscopy."( The clinical safety of long-term lansoprazole for the maintenance of healed erosive oesophagitis.
Atkinson, S; Freston, JW; Haber, MM; Hisada, M; Hunt, B; Kovacs, TO; Peura, DA, 2009)		0.63
"Lansoprazole maintenance therapy for up to 6 years is safe and well tolerated in subjects with healed erosive oesophagitis."( The clinical safety of long-term lansoprazole for the maintenance of healed erosive oesophagitis.
Atkinson, S; Freston, JW; Haber, MM; Hisada, M; Hunt, B; Kovacs, TO; Peura, DA, 2009)		2.08
" Safety was assessed via adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiograms, clinical laboratory results and gastric biopsies."( Safety profile of dexlansoprazole MR, a proton pump inhibitor with a novel dual delayed release formulation: global clinical trial experience.
Atkinson, SN; Dabholkar, AH; Metz, DC; Paris, MM; Peura, DA; Yu, P, 2009)		0.67
"The number of patients with > or =1 treatment-emergent adverse event per 100 patient-months was higher in placebo (24."( Safety profile of dexlansoprazole MR, a proton pump inhibitor with a novel dual delayed release formulation: global clinical trial experience.
Atkinson, SN; Dabholkar, AH; Metz, DC; Paris, MM; Peura, DA; Yu, P, 2009)		0.67
" Safety was evaluated at months 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12/final visit through physical examinations, laboratory evaluations, endoscopies, gastric biopsies, fasting serum gastrin values and adverse events (AEs)."( The 12-month safety profile of dexlansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor with a dual delayed release formulation, in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Atkinson, SN; Dabholkar, AH; Han, C; Paris, MM; Perez, MC; Peura, DA, 2011)		0.65
" Safety assessments included monitoring of adverse events (AEs)."( Pharmacokinetics and safety of dexlansoprazole MR in adolescents with symptomatic GERD.
Kukulka, M; Perez, MC; Wu, J, 2012)		0.66
" Rates of congenital malformations in PPIs exposed and unexposed pregnancies, as well as other adverse fetal effects were compared."( The safety of fetal exposure to proton-pump inhibitors during pregnancy.
Gorodischer, R; Koren, G; Levy, A; Matok, I; Uziel, E; Wiznitzer, A, 2012)		0.38
" pylori) is complex; full effectiveness is rarely achieved and it has many adverse effects."( Association of a probiotic to a Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen does not increase efficacy or decreases the adverse effects of the treatment: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Barbuti, RC; Bogsan, CS; Chinzon, D; de Oliveira, MN; Eisig, JN; Mattar, R; Moraes-Filho, JP; Navarro-Rodriguez, T; Silva, FM, 2013)		0.39
" The rate of adverse effects at 7 days with the active probiotic was 59."( Association of a probiotic to a Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen does not increase efficacy or decreases the adverse effects of the treatment: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Barbuti, RC; Bogsan, CS; Chinzon, D; de Oliveira, MN; Eisig, JN; Mattar, R; Moraes-Filho, JP; Navarro-Rodriguez, T; Silva, FM, 2013)		0.39
"The use of this probiotic compound compared to placebo in the proposed regimen in Brazilian patients with peptic ulcer or functional dyspepsia showed no significant difference in efficacy or adverse effects."( Association of a probiotic to a Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen does not increase efficacy or decreases the adverse effects of the treatment: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Barbuti, RC; Bogsan, CS; Chinzon, D; de Oliveira, MN; Eisig, JN; Mattar, R; Moraes-Filho, JP; Navarro-Rodriguez, T; Silva, FM, 2013)		0.39
"To determine whether cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C19 haplotype associates with lansoprazole-associated adverse event frequency."( Association of CYP2C19 polymorphisms and lansoprazole-associated respiratory adverse effects in children.
Blake, KB; Gong, Y; Holbrook, JT; Lang, JE; Lima, JJ; Mougey, EB; Teague, WG; Wise, RA, 2013)		0.89
"Respiratory adverse events from a clinical trial of lansoprazole in children with asthma were analyzed for associations with extensive or poor metabolizer (PM) phenotype based on CYP2C19 haplotypes."( Association of CYP2C19 polymorphisms and lansoprazole-associated respiratory adverse effects in children.
Blake, KB; Gong, Y; Holbrook, JT; Lang, JE; Lima, JJ; Mougey, EB; Teague, WG; Wise, RA, 2013)		0.91
" Our data suggest that lansoprazole-associated adverse events in children may be mitigated by adjusting the conventional dose in PMs."( Association of CYP2C19 polymorphisms and lansoprazole-associated respiratory adverse effects in children.
Blake, KB; Gong, Y; Holbrook, JT; Lang, JE; Lima, JJ; Mougey, EB; Teague, WG; Wise, RA, 2013)		0.97
"among a total of 204 patients evaluable for safety, there was no adverse event reported during the study."( Safety and efficacy of lansoprazole injection in upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a postmarketing surveillance conducted in Indonesia.
Setiawati, A; Syam, AF, 2013)		0.7
" Our results would aid clinicians to make decisions of coadministration drugs to avoid drug interaction-induced side effects for achievement of safe and appropriate chemotherapy with pemetrexed."( Lansoprazole Exacerbates Pemetrexed-Mediated Hematologic Toxicity by Competitive Inhibition of Renal Basolateral Human Organic Anion Transporter 3.
Enokiya, T; Fujimoto, H; Hamada, Y; Ikemura, K; Iwamoto, T; Kaya, C; Kobayashi, T; Muraki, Y; Nakahara, H; Okuda, M, 2016)		1.88
" The incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events were slightly lower for GU and slightly higher for DU with vonoprazan than with lansoprazole."( Randomised clinical trial: efficacy and safety of vonoprazan vs. lansoprazole in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers - results from two phase 3, non-inferiority randomised controlled trials.
Miwa, H; Mori, Y; Nishimura, A; Sakaki, N; Sakurai, Y; Takanami, Y; Tatsumi, T; Uedo, N; Watari, J, 2017)		0.9
" The incidence of adverse effects of eradication therapy was higher in the group of patients who were not on probiotic (28."( Can probiotics improve efficiency and safety profile of triple Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy? A prospective randomized study.
Benedeto-Stojanov, D; Grgov, S; Radovanović-Dinić, B; Tasić, T, 2016)		0.43
" Safety endpoints included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs)."( Phase III, randomised, double-blind, multicentre study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan compared with lansoprazole in Asian patients with erosive oesophagitis.
Chen, M; Chong, CF; Chun, HJ; Dai, N; Fei, G; Funao, N; Goh, KL; Sheu, BS; Xiao, Y; Zhang, S; Zhou, W, 2020)		0.77
" Safety was assessed by adverse event monitoring, physical examinations, vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiograms and clinical laboratory tests."( Evaluation of safety and pharmacokinetics of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy with either vonoprazan or lansoprazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication.
Bhatia, S; Chung, H; Huh, KY; Kim, YK; Lee, S; Nakaya, R; Takanami, Y; Yu, KS, 2022)		0.93
" Vonoprazan-containing quadruple therapy was safe and well tolerated."( Evaluation of safety and pharmacokinetics of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy with either vonoprazan or lansoprazole for Helicobacter pylori eradication.
Bhatia, S; Chung, H; Huh, KY; Kim, YK; Lee, S; Nakaya, R; Takanami, Y; Yu, KS, 2022)		0.93
" EO healing rates and adverse events (AEs) were compared between the keverprazan group and the lansoprazole group."( The efficacy and safety of keverprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, in treating erosive oesophagitis: a phase III, randomised, double-blind multicentre study.
Chen, H; Chen, M; Chen, S; Guo, Q; Li, F; Li, S; Li, X; Liao, A; Liu, C; Liu, D; Miao, X; Wang, Y; Wen, Z; Xia, M; Xiao, Y; Xu, M; Yin, H; Zhang, Y, 2022)		0.94
" Secondary outcomes included adverse events, dropout rate, and subgroup analysis."( Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan and Amoxicillin Dual Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Ding, YM; Han, ZX; Ji, R; Li, YY; Lin, BS; Zhang, WL, 2023)		0.91
" The adverse effects of vonoprazan/amoxicillin dual therapy were lower than those of triple therapy (21."( Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan and Amoxicillin Dual Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Ding, YM; Han, ZX; Ji, R; Li, YY; Lin, BS; Zhang, WL, 2023)		0.91
" The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was comparable among groups."( Efficacy and Safety of Keverprazan Compared With Lansoprazole in the Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer: A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Trial.
Chen, HH; Chen, HX; Chen, MH; Guo, QH; Li, FF; Li, SB; Li, X; Liao, AJ; Liu, CX; Liu, XW; Liu, YL; Miao, XP; Tan, ND; Tang, YP; Wu, H; Xia, M; Xiao, YL; Zhang, Y; Zhang, ZY, 2023)		1.16

Pharmacokinetics

New simple, precise and selective liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for quantification of paclitaxel and lansoprazole using esomeprazole as an internal standard. Genotyping for CYP2C19*1, CYP3C19*, CYP4C19 * and CYP5C19 was done for all 78 volunteers. The pharmacokinetics and genotyping data were matched and compared to investigate presence of statistical differences in pharmacokinetic parameters.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" We concluded that pharmacokinetic elimination patterns of OPZ and LPZ were different, whereas the pharmacodynamic characteristics of both drugs are nearly the same in rats."( Comparative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of proton pump inhibitors, omeprazole and lansoprazole in rats.
Iga, T; Katashima, M; Sawada, Y; Sugiura, M; Yamamoto, K, 1995)		0.51
" In renal failure, the absorption of L was unchanged, its half-life being similar to that in healthy subjects; a small change seen in mild renal failure patients (creatinine clearance between 40 and 60 ml/min) was attributed to the age of the patients."( Pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole in patients with renal or liver disease of varying severity.
Delhotal-Landes, B; Dellatolas, F; Duchier, J; Flouvat, B; Lemaire, M; Molinie, P, 1993)		0.61
"The pharmacokinetic interaction potential of the new proton-pump inhibitor lansoprazole and theophylline was assessed in a double-blind, two-period (13-day duration per period), multiple-dose crossover study in 14 healthy male volunteers."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between lansoprazole and theophylline.
Cavanaugh, JH; Granneman, GR; Karol, MD; Locke, CS, 1995)		0.8
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of theophylline were determined, and the urinary recovery of unchanged theophylline and its major metabolites were calculated."( Effects of lansoprazole on pharmacokinetics and metabolism of theophylline.
Ihara, N; Kokufu, T; Koyama, H; Mori, S; Nakajima, K; Ohta, T; Sugioka, N, 1995)		0.68
"Stereoselective and sensitive methods employing chiral stationary phase columns for HPLC determination of enantiomers of lansoprazole in the human serum were developed and pharmacokinetic behaviors of the enantiomers were evaluated in seven subjects."( Determination of R(+)- and S(-)-lansoprazole using chiral stationary-phase liquid chromatography and their enantioselective pharmacokinetics in humans.
Arimori, K; Fujioka, Y; Fujiyama, S; Katafuchi, S; Katsuki, H; Nakamura, C; Nakano, M; Yagi, H, 1996)		0.79
" The mean Cmax and the AUC values of R(+)-enantiomer were 3-5 times greater than those of S(-)-enantiomer following oral administration of 30 mg of racemic lansoprazole."( Determination of R(+)- and S(-)-lansoprazole using chiral stationary-phase liquid chromatography and their enantioselective pharmacokinetics in humans.
Arimori, K; Fujioka, Y; Fujiyama, S; Katafuchi, S; Katsuki, H; Nakamura, C; Nakano, M; Yagi, H, 1996)		0.78
" Eighteen volunteers entered the study; pharmacokinetic data were evaluable for 15 participants."( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction after administration of lansoprazole or omeprazole with prednisone.
Cavanaugh, JH; Karol, MD, 1996)		0.54
" The ideal therapy for GORD will have linear pharmacokinetics, a relatively long plasma half-life (t1/2), a duration of action allowing once daily administration, and a stable effect independent of interactions with food, antacids and other drugs."( Pharmacokinetic optimisation in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Berstad, A; Hatlebakk, JG, 1996)		0.29
" A significant, although weak, relationship existed between creatinine clearance (CLCR) and area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) and terminal disposition half-life (t1/2), calculated with total concentration data."( Lansoprazole pharmacokinetics in subjects with various degrees of kidney function.
Cavanaugh, JM; Karol, MD; Machinist, JM, 1997)		1.74
"A rapid and sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method has been developed for the measurement of lansoprazole in human plasma and its use for pharmacokinetic study has been evaluated."( High-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the detection and determination of lansoprazole in human plasma and its use in pharmacokinetic studies.
Chakravarthy, BK; Gandhi, TP; Modi, IA; Modi, RI; Mody, VD; Pandya, KK; Satia, MC, 1997)		0.73
"We investigated whether interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetic disposition of lansoprazole are attributed to the genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 which occurred by two mutations."( Genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 and lansoprazole pharmacokinetics in Japanese subjects.
Arimori, K; Fujiyama, S; Katsuki, H; Nakamura, C; Nakano, M, 1997)		0.79
" Cmax (maximum serum concentration) and AUC (area under the serum concentration-time curve) for (+)-lansoprazole were 5-6 times greater than those for (-)-lansoprazole, whereas for (+)-5-hydroxylansoprazole both values were significantly smaller than those for the (-) enantiomer."( Pharmacokinetic differences between lansoprazole enantiomers in rats.
Arimori, K; Katsuki, H; Nakano, M; Yasuda, K, 1998)		0.79
" Neither the elimination half-life nor the area under the curve was significantly different between the two sessions."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between acetaminophen and lansoprazole.
Enatsu, I; Hanada, Y; Kuyama, Y; Makino, H; Mineshita, S; Qi, J; Sanaka, M; Tanaka, H; Yamanaka, M, 1999)		0.55
"Within both the patient and volunteers groups, there were no significant differences between day 1 and day 7 in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters including maximum concentration (Cmax), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), and terminal half-life of elimination (t(1/2))."( Lansoprazole pharmacokinetics differ in patients with oesophagitis compared to healthy volunteers.
Barclay, ML; Begg, EJ; Ketelbey, JW; Peters, WA; Robson, RA, 1999)		1.75
" There were no statistically significant differences between the two regimens for mean phenytoin Cmax or tmax."( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between lansoprazole and intravenously administered phenytoin.
Cavanaugh, JH; Karol, MD; Locke, CS, 1999)		0.56
"To study the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between lansoprazole or pantoprazole and theophylline at steady state."( Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between lansoprazole or pantoprazole and theophylline.
Goldwater, DR; Hunt, RH; Pan, WJ; Pilmer, BL; Zhang, Y, 2000)		0.81
"No significant changes in the steady-state theophylline maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (Tmax), minimum plasma concentration (Cmin), area under the plasma concentration-time curve over the 12-h dosing interval (AUC0-12), or apparent total oral clearance (CL/F) were observed within the two treatment groups when theophylline was administered alone or in combination with lansoprazole or pantoprazole."( Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between lansoprazole or pantoprazole and theophylline.
Goldwater, DR; Hunt, RH; Pan, WJ; Pilmer, BL; Zhang, Y, 2000)		0.73
" Serial blood samples were taken on days 1 and 5 of each course for pharmacokinetic measurements."( Oral pharmacokinetics of omeprazole and lansoprazole after single and repeated doses as intact capsules or as suspensions in sodium bicarbonate.
Howden, CW; Peyton, B; Raufman, JP; Sharma, VK; Spears, T, 2000)		0.57
" The mean Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) values of (+)-lansoprazole were 4-5 times greater than those of (-)-lansoprazole following oral administration of 30-mg racemic lansoprazole to dogs."( Pharmacokinetic differences between lansoprazole enantiomers and contribution of cytochrome P450 isoforms to enantioselective metabolism of lansoprazole in dogs.
Arimori, K; Fujii, J; Hamada, A; Masa, K; Nakano, M, 2001)		0.83
"A comparative pharmacokinetic study with each PPI was designed as an open, randomized, and crossover study of 18 Japanese healthy volunteers who were classified into the homozygous, heterozygous extensive metabolizer and the poor metabolizer based on the CYP2C19 genotype determined by PCR-RFLP method."( CYP2C19 genotype and pharmacokinetics of three proton pump inhibitors in healthy subjects.
Aoyama, N; Hohda, T; Kasuga, M; Kita, T; Nishiguchi, K; Nishitora, Y; Okumura, K; Sakaeda, T; Sakai, T; Sirasaka, D; Tamura, T; Tanigawara, Y, 2001)		0.31
" As for rabeprazole, the pharmacokinetic profile was independent of the CYP2C19 genotype."( CYP2C19 genotype and pharmacokinetics of three proton pump inhibitors in healthy subjects.
Aoyama, N; Hohda, T; Kasuga, M; Kita, T; Nishiguchi, K; Nishitora, Y; Okumura, K; Sakaeda, T; Sakai, T; Sirasaka, D; Tamura, T; Tanigawara, Y, 2001)		0.31
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar in responders and non-responders to the higher dose."( Lansoprazole in children: pharmacokinetics and efficacy in reflux oesophagitis.
Faure, C; Hankard, R; Jacoz-Aigrain, E; Laurence, M; Michaud, L; Mougenot, JF; Navarro, J; Popon, M; Shaghaghi, EK, 2001)		1.75
" For lansoprazole, the elimination half-life (t(1/2)) was significantly prolonged (1."( Pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin after simultaneous and single administration.
Borner, K; Koeppe, P; Kotwas, J; Lode, H; Mainz, D, 2002)		1.15
"Proton pump inhibitors, the reference standard in adults with acid-related disorders, are increasingly being used in children despite limited pediatric safety and pharmacokinetic data."( Safety and pharmacokinetics of oral lansoprazole in preadolescent rats exposed from weaning through sexual maturity.
Fort, FL; Turck, P; Youssef, AF, )		0.41
" Blood samples were collected on day 1 of both periods to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters."( Comparative pharmacokinetics and safety of lansoprazole oral capsules and orally disintegrating tablets in healthy subjects.
Ballard, ED; Chiu, YL; Freston, JW; Mulford, DJ, 2003)		0.58
" The effects of lansoprazole on 24-hour median intragastric pH, the percentages of time intragastric pH was above 3 and 4, and pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed at the day-5 visit and compared to baseline."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Book, L; Chiu, YL; Gremse, D; Gunasekaran, T; Karol, M; Pan, WJ; Pilmer, B; Tolia, V; Winter, H, 2002)		0.93
"The observed pharmacokinetic properties of lansoprazole in children between 1 and 11 years of age with GERD were similar to those previously observed in healthy adult subjects."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Book, L; Chiu, YL; Gremse, D; Gunasekaran, T; Karol, M; Pan, WJ; Pilmer, B; Tolia, V; Winter, H, 2002)		0.84
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of lansoprazole observed in this study of adolescents are similar to those observed in studies of healthy adults."( Lansoprazole in adolescents with gastroesophageal reflux disease: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, symptom relief efficacy, and tolerability.
Chiu, YL; Fitzgerald, J; Gremse, D; Gunasekaran, T; Gupta, S; Karol, M; Keith, R; Pan, WJ, 2002)		2.04
" Because of the apparent safety of PPIs and a well-demonstrated dose-response-effect relationship in adults, pediatric pharmacokinetic data and an exposure correlate, such as the dose-area-under-the-plasma-concentration-versus-time-curve relationship, can be used as a bridge to determine pediatric dosing."( Proton pump inhibitors in pediatrics: relevant pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Kearns, GL; Winter, HS, )		0.13
" In the homo EMs and the PMs groups, the main kinetic parameters were as follows: Tmax (2."( Pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole in Chinese healthy subjects in relation to CYP2C19 genotypes.
Hu, YR; Kan, QC; Qiao, HL, 2004)		0.65
"05) in heterozygous EMs, whereas no difference in any pharmacokinetic parameters was found in PMs."( Effects of fluvoxamine on lansoprazole pharmacokinetics in relation to CYP2C19 genotypes.
Saito, M; Sugawara, K; Takahata, T; Tateishi, T; Uno, T; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2004)		0.62
" By comparing these pharmacokinetic parameters, we may state that there was no significant difference between the two administration modes."( Effect of water intake on pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole from fast disintegrating tablet in human subjects.
Irie, S; Ito, Y; Iwasaki, K; Nakamura, K; Sakurai, Y; Shibata, N; Takada, K; Takagi, N, 2004)		0.58
"The pharmacokinetic profiles of single doses of lansoprazole 15- and 30-mg sachets for suspension were compared with those of corresponding doses of lansoprazole oral capsules."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole 15- and 30-mg sachets for suspension versus intact capsules.
Amer, F; Chiu, YL; Griffin, JS; Karol, MD; Locke, CS; Lukasik, NL; Pan, WJ, 2004)		0.85
" Blood samples were collected before and after each administration to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters of lansoprazole and bioequivalence between suspension and capsule."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole 15- and 30-mg sachets for suspension versus intact capsules.
Amer, F; Chiu, YL; Griffin, JS; Karol, MD; Locke, CS; Lukasik, NL; Pan, WJ, 2004)		0.81
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of the 15- and 30-mg lansoprazole sachets for suspension were similar to those of the corresponding doses of the oral capsules."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole 15- and 30-mg sachets for suspension versus intact capsules.
Amer, F; Chiu, YL; Griffin, JS; Karol, MD; Locke, CS; Lukasik, NL; Pan, WJ, 2004)		0.84
" In this open-label study, the effect of lansoprazole 30 mg qd and naproxen 500 mg bid on the pharmacokinetic profile of methotrexate was investigated."( Coadministration of lansoprazole and naproxen does not affect the pharmacokinetic profile of methotrexate in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Amer, F; Andhivarothai, N; Kukulka, MJ; Vakily, M, 2005)		0.92
"There were some differences for the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), the elimination half-life (t(1/2 ke)) and the maximum plasma concentration (c(max)) in the three groups."( Pharmacokinetics of three proton pump inhibitors in Chinese subjects in relation to the CYP2C19 genotype.
Gao, N; Guo, YZ; Hu, YR; Jia, LJ; Qiao, HL; Tian, X; Zhang, LR, 2006)		0.33
"The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the three PPIs are significantly dependent on the CYP2C19 genotype status."( Pharmacokinetics of three proton pump inhibitors in Chinese subjects in relation to the CYP2C19 genotype.
Gao, N; Guo, YZ; Hu, YR; Jia, LJ; Qiao, HL; Tian, X; Zhang, LR, 2006)		0.33
" An open-label, randomized, crossover, phase I, pharmacokinetic interaction design was used."( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between omeprazole or lansoprazole and ivabradine in healthy volunteers: an open-label, randomized, crossover, pharmacokinetic interaction clinical trial.
Calvo, A; Gorostiaga, C; Laredo, L; Moreno, A; Portolés, A; Resplandy, G; Terleira, A, 2006)		0.58
"Pretransplantation, there were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of (R)-lansoprazole between the 3 ABCBI C3435T genotypes."( Influence of ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole and gastroesophageal symptoms in Japanese renal transplant recipients classified as CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers and treated with tacrolimus.
Habuchi, T; Inoue, K; Ishikawa, M; Kagaya, H; Kanno, S; Miura, M; Sagae, Y; Saito, M; Satoh, S; Suzuki, T; Tada, H, 2006)		0.79
"Although larger studies are needed to confirm these results, lansoprazole displays pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in children between 13 and 24 months of age that are similar to those results observed in older children as well as adults."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole in children 13 to 24 months old with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Amer, F; Chiu, YL; Heyman, MB; Huang, B; Winter, HS; Zhang, W, 2007)		0.85
"A total of 56 healthy Japanese males were enrolled in single- or multiple- dose pharmacokinetic trials of intravenous lansoprazole administration."( Population pharmacokinetics and proton pump inhibitory effects of intravenous lansoprazole in healthy Japanese males.
Ashida, K; Hasegawa, S; Hashimoto, M; Hashimoto, Y; Hirayama, M; Irie, S; Kayano, Y; Sakurai, Y; Taguchi, M; Tanaka, T, 2007)		0.78
" The mean dose-unadjusted and -adjusted Cmax of MPA with 30 mg lansoprazole were significantly lower than those without PPI (11."( Influence of lansoprazole and rabeprazole on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics one year after renal transplantation.
Habuchi, T; Inoue, K; Kagaya, H; Miura, M; Saito, M; Satoh, S; Suzuki, T, 2008)		0.95
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)		0.35
"To assess the effect of once-daily lansoprazole on safety and to characterize the pharmacodynamic profile of lansoprazole in a subset of subjects <1 year of age."( Safety and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease aged <1 year.
Atkinson, S; North, J; Raanan, M; Springer, M, 2008)		0.91
" Safety and pharmacodynamic parameters were the primary outcome measures."( Safety and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease aged <1 year.
Atkinson, S; North, J; Raanan, M; Springer, M, 2008)		0.63
" Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters on dose administration day 1 were calculated, and plasma concentrations on day 5 were obtained."( Age-dependent pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole in neonates and infants.
Atkinson, S; Kukulka, M; North, J; Sutkowski-Markmann, D; Witt, G; Zhang, W, 2008)		0.63
"1 hours] and harmonic mean terminal elimination half-life (t((1/2))) [2."( Age-dependent pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole in neonates and infants.
Atkinson, S; Kukulka, M; North, J; Sutkowski-Markmann, D; Witt, G; Zhang, W, 2008)		0.63
"While proton pump inhibitors are frequently administered in the intensive care unit, the pharmacodynamic response of acid suppression between the enteral and intravenous (IV) route is unknown."( Comparison of the enteral and intravenous lansoprazole pharmacodynamic responses in critically ill patients.
Devlin, JW; Olsen, KM, 2008)		0.61
"To compare the pharmacodynamic response between enteral and IV lansoprazole in intensive care unit patients requiring stress ulcer prophylaxis therapy."( Comparison of the enteral and intravenous lansoprazole pharmacodynamic responses in critically ill patients.
Devlin, JW; Olsen, KM, 2008)		0.85
" Serial blood samples were collected after the first and third dose and analysed for pharmacokinetic parameters."( Comparison of the enteral and intravenous lansoprazole pharmacodynamic responses in critically ill patients.
Devlin, JW; Olsen, KM, 2008)		0.61
"Generic drugs contain the same active ingredient as an original drug and have their bioequivalence proved by pharmacokinetic tests."( Comparing the acid-suppressive effects of three brands of generic lansoprazole with the original: pharmacokinetic bioequivalence tests do not necessarily guarantee pharmacodynamic equivalence.
Hamai, K; Hirokawa, S; Inoue, M; Matsumoto, M; Shimatani, T; Tawara, Y; Tazuma, S, 2009)		0.59
" No appreciable additional gain in the pharmacodynamic response was predicted for dexlansoprazole MR 120 mg."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a known active PPI with a novel Dual Delayed Release technology, dexlansoprazole MR: a combined analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
Atkinson, SN; Mulford, D; Vakily, M; Wu, J; Zhang, W, 2009)		0.79
"Dexlansoprazole MR, a proton pump inhibitor that uses Dual Delayed Release technology, produced a pharmacokinetic profile with a plasma concentration-time curve characterized by two distinct peaks and an extended duration of pharmacologically active dexlansoprazole concentration in plasma."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a known active PPI with a novel Dual Delayed Release technology, dexlansoprazole MR: a combined analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
Atkinson, SN; Mulford, D; Vakily, M; Wu, J; Zhang, W, 2009)		1.19
" The developed assay method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers."( Simultaneous estimation of four proton pump inhibitors--lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole and rabeprazole: development of a novel generic HPLC-UV method and its application to clinical pharmacokinetic study.
Bharathi, DV; Chatki, PK; Hotha, KK; Jagadeesh, B; Mullangi, R; Naidu, A; Thriveni, K, 2009)		0.6
" This assay was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic omeprazole study in children with cerebral palsy and mental retardation."( A bio-analytical hydrophilic interaction LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of omeprazole and lansoprazole in human plasma in support of a pharmacokinetic omeprazole study in children.
Boussery, K; De Cock, P; De Paepe, P; De Smet, J; Remon, JP; Van Bocxlaer, J; Van Winckel, M, 2010)		0.57
" To test differences in pharmacokinetic parameters among the three groups, analysis of variance (ANOVA) after log-transformation of data was used."( The effect of CYP2C19 activity on pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole and its active metabolites in healthy subjects.
Chen, WL; Chu, NN; Li, XN; Xu, HR, 2010)		0.61
"This work aimed to set up a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine the concentration of lansoprazole in human plasma and study the pharmacokinetic characters of lansoprazole in Chinese healthy volunteers after intravenous (IV) infusion."( [Study on pharmacokinetics of lansoprozole in concentration of blood plasma healthy volunteers intravenous infusion by improved HPLC].
Jiang, X; Song, L; Wang, L, 2011)		0.58
" The present study assesses the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and safety of dexlansoprazole MR in adolescent patients."( Pharmacokinetics and safety of dexlansoprazole MR in adolescents with symptomatic GERD.
Kukulka, M; Perez, MC; Wu, J, 2012)		0.89
" Cmax (691 and 1136  ng/mL) and area under the plasma concentration time curve (2886 and 5120  ng · h/mL) values for the 30- and 60-mg doses, respectively, were similar to results from previous phase 1 studies in healthy adults."( Pharmacokinetics and safety of dexlansoprazole MR in adolescents with symptomatic GERD.
Kukulka, M; Perez, MC; Wu, J, 2012)		0.66
" Genotyping for CYP2C19*1, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 was done for all 78 volunteers, the data of genotyping of all subjects used for screening the frequency of different genotypes and the allelic frequency of different polymorphisms in healthy Jordanian men, the pharmacokinetics and genotyping data for the study of lansoprazole was matched and compared to investigate presence of statistical differences in pharmacokinetic parameters."( Genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 in a Jordanian population: influence of allele frequencies of CYP2C19*1 and CYP2C19*2 on the pharmacokinetic profile of lansoprazole.
Arafat, T; Hakooz, N; Zalloum, I, 2012)		0.75
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction between fluoxetine and lansoprazole in healthy subjects."( Effect of fluoxetine on the pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole: a two-treatment period study in healthy male subjects.
Leucuta, SE; Muntean, D; Neag, M; Popa, A; Vlase, L, 2011)		0.84
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of lansoprazole were calculated using non-compartmental analysis."( Effect of fluoxetine on the pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole: a two-treatment period study in healthy male subjects.
Leucuta, SE; Muntean, D; Neag, M; Popa, A; Vlase, L, 2011)		0.9
"The data demonstrate a pharmacokinetic interaction between fluoxetine and lansoprazole and suggest that the observed interaction may be clinically significant, although its clinical relevance has yet to be confirmed."( Effect of fluoxetine on the pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole: a two-treatment period study in healthy male subjects.
Leucuta, SE; Muntean, D; Neag, M; Popa, A; Vlase, L, 2011)		0.86
"Eighteen patients treated with dasatinib and H2RA, PPI or no acid suppressant from whom were obtained a total of 34 pharmacokinetic profiles were enrolled in the study."( Influence of H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors on dasatinib pharmacokinetics in Japanese leukemia patients.
Miura, M; Niioka, T; Sawada, K; Takahashi, N, 2012)		0.38
" Pharmacodynamic end-points were vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein P2Y(12) platelet reactivity index, maximal platelet aggregation to 5 and 20 μmol/l adenosine diphosphate, and VerifyNow P2Y12 platelet response units."( A randomized, 2-period, crossover design study to assess the effects of dexlansoprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, and omeprazole on the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel in healthy volunteers.
Bhatt, DL; Brooks, JK; Frelinger, AL; Lee, RD; Michelson, AD; Mulford, DJ; Nigam, A; Nudurupati, S; Wu, J, 2012)		0.61
"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses with omeprazole demonstrated assay sensitivity."( A randomized, 2-period, crossover design study to assess the effects of dexlansoprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, and omeprazole on the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel in healthy volunteers.
Bhatt, DL; Brooks, JK; Frelinger, AL; Lee, RD; Michelson, AD; Mulford, DJ; Nigam, A; Nudurupati, S; Wu, J, 2012)		0.61
" In contrast, there were no significant differences in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters for warfarin between the two genotypes."( Pharmacogenomic/pharmacokinetic assessment of a four-probe cocktail for CYPs and OATPs following oral microdosing.
Ando, Y; Deguchi, M; Fukae, M; Hirota, T; Ieiri, I; Irie, S; Iwasaki, K; Kanda, E; Kimura, M; Maeda, K; Matsuguma, K; Matsuki, S; Nakamura, T; Sugiyama, Y, 2012)		0.38
"The present study suggests that 1) the sampling strategy should be optimized according to pharmacokinetic profiles of the test drugs following oral microdosing, and 2) microdosing can be applied to the pharmacogenomic study of CYP-specific drugs."( Pharmacogenomic/pharmacokinetic assessment of a four-probe cocktail for CYPs and OATPs following oral microdosing.
Ando, Y; Deguchi, M; Fukae, M; Hirota, T; Ieiri, I; Irie, S; Iwasaki, K; Kanda, E; Kimura, M; Maeda, K; Matsuguma, K; Matsuki, S; Nakamura, T; Sugiyama, Y, 2012)		0.38
" In vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in male Wistar rats demonstrated that enteric coated microparticles sustained release of LPZ and promoted ulcer healing activity."( A novel once daily microparticulate dosage form comprising lansoprazole to prevent nocturnal acid breakthrough in the case of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: preparation, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation.
Alai, M; Lin, WJ, 2013)		0.63
" To characterize the pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, Tmax, Kel and T1/2) of lansoprazole, non-compartmental analysis and ANOVA was applied on ln-transformed values."( Bioequivalence of two lansoprazole delayed release capsules 30 mg in healthy male volunteers under fasting, fed and fasting-applesauce conditions: a partial replicate crossover study design to estimate the pharmacokinetics of highly variable drugs.
Battula, R; Gadiko, C; Khan, SM; Thota, S; Tippabhotla, SK; Vobalaboina, V, 2013)		0.92
" The main outcome measure was the effect of multiple doses of lansoprazole on the pharmacokinetic profile of a single oral dose of bosutinib."( A clinical study to examine the potential effect of lansoprazole on the pharmacokinetics of bosutinib when administered concomitantly to healthy subjects.
Abbas, R; Leister, C; Sonnichsen, D, 2013)		0.88
" Log-transformed bosutinib pharmacokinetic parameters indicated significant between-treatment differences; the least squares geometric mean ratio for C(max) was 54 % (95 % CI 42-70) and for AUC was 74 % (95 % CI 60-90)."( A clinical study to examine the potential effect of lansoprazole on the pharmacokinetics of bosutinib when administered concomitantly to healthy subjects.
Abbas, R; Leister, C; Sonnichsen, D, 2013)		0.64
"Considering that the genotypes of CYP2C19 and MDRI C3435T are two major factors attributed to the inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability of lansoprazole (LSZ), the aim of the study was to simultaneously elucidate the effects of CYP2C19 and MDRI C3435T polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics difference of LSZ and its metabolites 5'-hydroxy lansoprazole (HLSZ) and lansoprazole sulphone (LSZS) following oral administration of LSZ tablets in healthy Chinese subjects."( A correlative study of polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and MDR1 C3435T with the pharmacokinetic profiles of lansoprazole and its main metabolites following single oral administration in healthy adult Chinese subjects.
Chu, JH; Jian-Dong, Z; Ju, WZ; Li, CY; Liu, F; Xu, MJ; Zhang, J, 2014)		0.82
"Collectively, we found a modest pharmacokinetic drug interaction between lansoprazole and metformin, which suggests that the concomitant use of these drugs should be appropriately monitored."( The effect of lansoprazole, an OCT inhibitor, on metformin pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects.
Chen, M; Ding, Y; Jia, Y; Li, Y; Lu, C; Song, Y; Wang, M; Wen, A, 2014)		0.99
" Pharmacokinetic effects were estimated by measuring active metabolite of clopidogrel, and pharmacodynamic effects by inhibition of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation."( Effect of esomeprazole with/without acetylsalicylic acid, omeprazole and lansoprazole on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel in healthy volunteers.
Andersson, T; Galbraith, H; Nagy, P; Niazi, M; Nylander, S; Ranjan, S; Wallentin, L, 2014)		0.63
" The validated method was successfully applied for the stereoselective pharmacokinetic study of lansoprazole in beagle dog after intravenous infusion."( Determination of lansoprazole enantiomers in dog plasma by column-switching liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study.
Gu, J; Meng, X; Sun, Y; Wang, H; Wang, J; Yang, B; Yang, Y, 2015)		0.97
" The method was applied to the stereoselective pharmacokinetic studies in human after intravenous administration of dexlansoprazole or racemic lansoprazole."( Enantioselective determination of (R)- and (S)-lansoprazole in human plasma by chiral liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and its application to a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study.
Bian, M; Cao, Y; Fang, Y; Gong, X; Jiao, H; Sun, L; Wang, Y; Yang, Z; Zhang, H, 2015)		0.88
" Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed for 72 h following each neratinib dose."( Pharmacokinetics of neratinib during coadministration with lansoprazole in healthy subjects.
DiPrimeo, D; Keyvanjah, K; Li, A; Obaidi, M; Swearingen, D; Wong, A, 2017)		0.7
"The accuracy of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model prediction in children, especially those younger than 2 years old, has not been systematically evaluated."( Predictive Performance of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling of Drugs Extensively Metabolized by Major Cytochrome P450s in Children.
Al-Huniti, N; Bui, KH; Cheung, SYA; Johnson, TN; Li, J; Xu, H; Zhou, D; Zhou, W, 2018)		0.48
" In the present study a new simple, precise and selective liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for quantification of paclitaxel and lansoprazole using esomeprazole as an internal standard and applied for the pharmacokinetic study of investigational paclitaxel - lansoprazole loaded PLGA nanoparticles."( Simultaneous determination of paclitaxel and lansoprazole in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS method and its application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study of investigational PTX-LAN-PLGA nanoformulation.
Bhattacharya, S; Khanam, J; Pal, TK; Sarkar, P, 2019)		0.97
" This analysis aimed to evaluate the ability of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling to predict exposure of CYP2C19 substrates (lansoprazole, (es)citalopram, voriconazole) across Caucasian and East Asian populations."( Assessing pharmacokinetic differences in Caucasian and East Asian (Japanese, Chinese and Korean) populations driven by CYP2C19 polymorphism using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling.
Al-Huniti, N; Higashimori, M; Sharma, P; Xu, H; Yeo, KR; Zhou, D; Zhou, L, 2019)		0.72
" Finally, pharmacokinetic was evaluated in ulcer-induced SD rats."( Controlled release floating drug delivery system for proton pump inhibitors lansoprazole: In-vitro, In-vivo floating and pharmacokinetic evaluation.
Abbas, N; Arshad, MS; Faiz, S; Faran Ashraf Baig, MM; Farhan, M; Hussain, A; Mudassir, J; Murad, S; Usman, F; Zahra, A, 2022)		0.95
" After single- and multiple-dose oral administration, blood samples were obtained and lansoprazole concentration in serum was measured for pharmacokinetic analysis."( Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lansoprazole/Sodium Bicarbonate Immediate-release Capsules in Healthy Chinese Subjects: An Open, Randomized, Controlled, Crossover, Single-, and Multiple-dose Trial.
Cao, P; Deng, Y; Liu, Q; Wu, J; Wu, S; Yang, Q; Yu, L; Zhai, X; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2023)		1.4

Compound-Compound Interactions

The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of 30 and 60 mg of lansoprazole administered in combination with two antibiotics for 7 or 10 days in eradicating Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer patients.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To evaluate the efficacy of polaprezinc, a mucosal protective agent, in combination with a 7-day triple therapy containing lansoprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin, as a treatment for Helicobacter pylori."( Polaprezinc, a mucosal protective agent, in combination with lansoprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin increases the cure rate of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Hassan, M; Ikezawa, K; Kashimura, H; Mutoh, H; Nakahara, A; Sawahata, T; Suzuki, K; Tanaka, N; Watanabe, T, 1999)		0.75
" This study assessed the comparative frequency of potential drug-drug interactions in patients receiving either omeprazole or lansoprazole."( Prevalence of potential proton-pump inhibitor drug interactions: a retrospective review of prescriptions in community pharmacies.
Fask, A; Saltiel, E, 1999)		0.51
" The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dose and duration of lansoprazole (LA) administration in combination with amoxicillin (AMPC) and metronidazole (MNZ)."( Eradication of Helicobacter pylori using 30 mg or 60 mg lansoprazole combined with amoxicillin and metronidazole: one and two weeks of a new triple therapy.
Asaka, M; Ishizuka, J; Kagaya, H; Katagiri, M; Kato, M; Komatsu, Y; Kudo, M; Kudo, T; Nishikawa, K; Sugiyama, T; Sukegawa, M; Takeda, H; Toyota, J, 1999)		0.78
"The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of 30 and 60 mg of lansoprazole administered in combination with two antibiotics for 7 or 10 days in eradicating Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer patients."( [Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection with lansoprazole 30 mg or 60 mg combined with two antibiotics for duodenal ulcers].
Joubert-Collin, M; Lamouliatte, H; Perie, F, 2000)		0.78
" PPIs may interact with other drugs through numerous mechanisms."( Proton pump inhibitors and their drug interactions: an evidence-based approach.
Gerson, LB; Triadafilopoulos, G, 2001)		0.31
"Most proton pump inhibitors are extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes, as are many other drugs, giving rise to potential drug-drug interactions."( Drug interaction studies with dexlansoprazole modified release (TAK-390MR), a proton pump inhibitor with a dual delayed-release formulation: results of four randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-centre studies.
Gunawardhana, L; Lee, RD; Mulford, D; Vakily, M; Wu, J, 2009)		0.63
"Mean C(max) and AUC values were generally similar for each test substrate when administered with multiple once-daily doses of dexlansoprazole MR or placebo."( Drug interaction studies with dexlansoprazole modified release (TAK-390MR), a proton pump inhibitor with a dual delayed-release formulation: results of four randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-centre studies.
Gunawardhana, L; Lee, RD; Mulford, D; Vakily, M; Wu, J, 2009)		0.84
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)		0.38
"To quantify the drug-drug interactions between dabigatran etexilate (DE) and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and in particular the role of P-gp activity modulation."( In vitro and in vivo evaluation of drug-drug interaction between dabigatran and proton pump inhibitors.
Accassat, S; Basset, T; Bertoletti, L; Delavenne, X; Hodin, S; Mismetti, P; Ollier, E, 2015)		0.42
"QT interval-prolonging drug-drug interactions (QT-DDIs) may increase the risk of life-threatening arrhythmia."( Coupling Data Mining and Laboratory Experiments to Discover Drug Interactions Causing QT Prolongation.
Chang, JB; Iyer, V; Kass, RS; Lorberbaum, T; Sampson, KJ; Tatonetti, NP; Woosley, RL, 2016)		0.43
" Class effect analyses suggested this interaction was specific to lansoprazole combined with ceftriaxone but not with other cephalosporins."( Coupling Data Mining and Laboratory Experiments to Discover Drug Interactions Causing QT Prolongation.
Chang, JB; Iyer, V; Kass, RS; Lorberbaum, T; Sampson, KJ; Tatonetti, NP; Woosley, RL, 2016)		0.67
"Concomitant lansoprazole had minimal effect on quizartinib PK as a formulated tablet, indicating that quizartinib can be administered with ARAs."( A drug-drug interaction study to assess the potential effect of acid-reducing agent, lansoprazole, on quizartinib pharmacokinetics.
Cook, N; Li, J; Mendell, J; O'Donnell, P; Trone, D, 2019)		1.12
"To observe the effect of lansoprazole and omeprazole combined with antibiotics on gastric juice pH and inflammatory factors in elderly patients with Hp positive gastric ulcer."( Effects of lansoprazole and omeprazole Combined With Antimicrobial Agents on Gastric Juice pH and Inflammatory Factors in Elderly Patients With Hp Positive Gastric Ulcer.
Chen, B; Gao, N; Yan, S, 2023)		1.6
"The control group was treated with omeprazole combined with antibiotics, and the observation group was treated with lansoprazole combined with antibiotics."( Effects of lansoprazole and omeprazole Combined With Antimicrobial Agents on Gastric Juice pH and Inflammatory Factors in Elderly Patients With Hp Positive Gastric Ulcer.
Chen, B; Gao, N; Yan, S, 2023)		1.51
"The overall effect of lansoprazole combined with antibiotics in the treatment of Hp positive gastric ulcer in the elderly is better than that of omeprazole combined with antibiotics."( Effects of lansoprazole and omeprazole Combined With Antimicrobial Agents on Gastric Juice pH and Inflammatory Factors in Elderly Patients With Hp Positive Gastric Ulcer.
Chen, B; Gao, N; Yan, S, 2023)		1.61

Bioavailability

The effects of the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole on the bioavailability of a low-dose oral contraceptive (OC), containing 0.5 mg/kg, was investigated. Overall, the results indicate that [14C]dexlanso was well absorbed and extensively metabolized by oxidation, reduction and conjugation to 13 identified metabolites.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Lansoprazole bioavailability demonstrated a circadian effect manifested by higher plasma concentrations following morning dosing."( The effects of lansoprazole, a new H+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, on gastric pH and serum gastrin.
Greski, PA; Hoyos, PA; Jennings, DE; Page, JG; Sanders, SW; Tolman, KG, 1992)		1.55
"A single-dose, open-label, randomized, fasting, two-period, crossover bioavailability study was conducted in 24 healthy adult men to assess an alternative method of administration of lansoprazole capsules."( Lansoprazole: an alternative method of administration of a capsule dosage formulation.
Cavanaugh, JH; Chun, AH; Eason, CJ; Shi, HH, )		1.77
" The bioavailability of lansoprazole is 85%; that of omeprazole is 54%."( Lansoprazole and omeprazole in the treatment of acid peptic disorders.
Blum, RA, 1996)		2.04
"min-1, and the absolute bioavailability was 91% for the 30-mg and 81% for the 15-mg enteric-coated formulation."( Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of lansoprazole.
Barth, H; Gerloff, J; Heintze, K; Mignot, A, 1996)		0.55
"A single-dose, open-label, randomized, crossover bioavailability study was conducted in 24 healthy adult male volunteers to assess an alternative method of administration of lansoprazole capsules."( Lansoprazole: administration of the contents of a capsule dosage formulation through a nasogastric tube.
Achari, R; Cavanaugh, JH; Chun, AH; Dennis, S; Shi, HH, )		1.77
"To investigate, by means of meal-stimulated acid secretion, the extent to which differences in plasma half-life, bioavailability and the recommended therapeutic dose can influence the antisecretory potency of lansoprazole and omeprazole."( Lansoprazole versus omeprazole: influence on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion.
Burkhardt, F; Dammann, HG; Fuchs, W; Richter, G; Walter, TA; Wolf, N, 1997)		1.93
" There was no significant difference between the absorption rate constants of the lansoprazole enantiomers in the in-situ absorption study."( Pharmacokinetic differences between lansoprazole enantiomers in rats.
Arimori, K; Katsuki, H; Nakano, M; Yasuda, K, 1998)		0.8
"This study was designed to compare the bioavailability of lansoprazole when administered as an intact capsule and when the contents are admixed with various soft foods."( Effect on bioavailability of admixing the contents of lansoprazole capsules with selected soft foods.
Achari, R; Cavanaugh, JH; Chun, AH; Erdman, K; Zhang, Y, 2000)		0.8
" Bioavailability was assessed by the two 1-sided tests procedure using a 90% CI for the AUC0-infinity ratio of test-to-reference regimens."( Effect on bioavailability of admixing the contents of lansoprazole capsules with selected soft foods.
Achari, R; Cavanaugh, JH; Chun, AH; Erdman, K; Zhang, Y, 2000)		0.56
"Proton pump inhibitors and roxithromycin do not alter the systemic bioavailability of each other."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between proton pump inhibitors and roxithromycin in volunteers.
Grobecker, H; Holstege, A; Ittner, KP; Kees, F; Lock, G; Schölmerich, J; Zimmermann, M, 2000)		0.31
" Although there is no significant difference between proton pump inhibitors with respect to healing of esophagitis, symptom relief occurs earlier with lansoprazole than omeprazole, and this is probably due to the greater oral bioavailability and faster onset of action of lansoprazole when compared to omeprazole."( pH, healing rate, and symptom relief in patients with GERD.
Huang, JQ; Hunt, RH, )		0.33
" Relative bioavailability of omeprazole from simplified omeprazole suspension compared to the capsule was 58."( Oral pharmacokinetics of omeprazole and lansoprazole after single and repeated doses as intact capsules or as suspensions in sodium bicarbonate.
Howden, CW; Peyton, B; Raufman, JP; Sharma, VK; Spears, T, 2000)		0.57
"The quantitative structure-bioavailability relationship of 232 structurally diverse drugs was studied to evaluate the feasibility of constructing a predictive model for the human oral bioavailability of prospective new medicinal agents."( QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F, 2000)		0.31
" The similar holds true for the value of time to reach the maximal concentration of lansoprazole in serum, although this parameter was previously described as less sensitive in comparative bioavailability studies."( A bioavailability/bioequivalence study of two oral lansoprazole formulations after single administration to healthy volunteers.
Jovanović, D; Kilibarda, V; Maksimović, M, 2001)		0.79
"The ability to administer the contents of an encapsulated-dose formulation in liquids or soft foods without compromising drug bioavailability is highly desirable for patients who are unable to swallow or have difficulty swallowing."( Bioavailability of lansoprazole granules administered in juice or soft food compared with the intact capsule formulation.
Achari, R; Cavanaugh, JH; Chiu, YL; Chun, AH; Erdman, K; Pilmer, BL, 2002)		0.64
"The purpose of this study was to compare the bioavailability of lansoprazole granules administered in 2 types of juice and a soft food with that of the intact capsule administered with water."( Bioavailability of lansoprazole granules administered in juice or soft food compared with the intact capsule formulation.
Achari, R; Cavanaugh, JH; Chiu, YL; Chun, AH; Erdman, K; Pilmer, BL, 2002)		0.88
" Bioavailability of the 3 test regimens was assessed using the two 1-sided tests procedure for mean maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0 through the last measurable concentration and AUC from time 0 to infinity."( Bioavailability of lansoprazole granules administered in juice or soft food compared with the intact capsule formulation.
Achari, R; Cavanaugh, JH; Chiu, YL; Chun, AH; Erdman, K; Pilmer, BL, 2002)		0.64
"The results of this study indicate that the bioavailability of lansoprazole granules, when administered in orange juice, tomato juice, or a small amount of strained pears, was similar to that of the intact capsule in these healthy adult volunteers."( Bioavailability of lansoprazole granules administered in juice or soft food compared with the intact capsule formulation.
Achari, R; Cavanaugh, JH; Chiu, YL; Chun, AH; Erdman, K; Pilmer, BL, 2002)		0.88
" Studies have shown that the bioavailability of LFDT is comparable to lansoprazole capsules, at both 15 and 30 mg doses; the indications and recommended dosages for LFDT are therefore identical to lansoprazole capsules."( Lansoprazole fast disintegrating tablet: a new formulation for an established proton pump inhibitor.
Baldi, F; Malfertheiner, P, 2003)		2
" The present results suggest that the protective effects of lansoprazole can be ascribed to a reduction of gastric oxidative injury, resulting in an increased bioavailability of mucosal sulfhydryl compounds."( Mechanisms of gastroprotection by lansoprazole pretreatment against experimentally induced injury in rats: role of mucosal oxidative damage and sulfhydryl compounds.
Blandizzi, C; Colucci, R; Del Tacca, M; Fornai, M; Lazzeri, G; Lubrano, V; Natale, G; Vassalle, C, 2004)		0.84
" pylori-infected mucosa and that inhibited the loss of CAM bioavailability in the acidic environment."( Effect of sucralfate on antibiotic therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in mice.
Fujioka, T; Kashimura, K; Kodama, M; Miura, M; Miyajima, H; Murakami, K; Nasu, M; Okimoto, T; Ootsu, S; Sato, R; Watanabe, K, 2004)		0.32
"Lansoprazole (LPZ) is a representative drug that shows a high inter-subject variation of bioavailability (BA)."( Effect of adsorbents on the absorption of lansoprazole with surfactant.
Arai, H; Ito, Y; Iwasaki, K; Shibata, N; Takada, K; Uchino, K, 2005)		2.04
" The bioavailability of lansoprazole might, to some extent, be increased through inhibition of P-glycoprotein during clarithromycin treatment."( Effects of clarithromycin on lansoprazole pharmacokinetics between CYP2C19 genotypes.
Munakata, A; Saito, M; Sugawara, K; Takahata, T; Tateishi, T; Uno, T; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2005)		0.93
" In healthy adults the safety and bioavailability of LODT 15-30 mg, taken without water or dispersed in water, were found to be comparable with those of lansoprazole 15-30 mg capsules."( Lansoprazole oro-dispersible tablet : pharmacokinetics and therapeutic use in acid-related disorders.
Baldi, F, 2005)		1.97
" There are minor formulation-based pharmacokinetic differences among these agents, primarily reflected in their bioavailability following the first few doses."( Review article: similarities and differences among delayed-release proton-pump inhibitor formulations.
Horn, JR; Howden, CW, 2005)		0.33
"Acid suppression markedly reduced the bioavailability of atazanavir in this group of healthy volunteers."( Inhibition of atazanavir oral absorption by lansoprazole gastric acid suppression in healthy volunteers.
Bednarczyk, E; Berenson, CS; Difrancesco, R; Eberhardt, E; Morse, GD; Ogundele, AB; Smith, PF; Tomilo, DL, 2006)		0.59
"The absorption and bioavailability of proton pump inhibitors is influenced by food intake."( A comparative study of intragastric acidity during post-breakfast and pre-dinner administration of low-dose proton pump inhibitors: a randomized three-way crossover study.
Adachi, K; Azumi, T; Furuta, K; Kinoshita, Y; Koshino, K; Miki, M, 2006)		0.33
"The effect of proton pump inhibitors and Helicobacter pylori infection on the bioavailability of antibiotics is poorly understood."( Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection and acid blockade by lansoprazole on clarithromycin bioavailability.
Bernasconi, G; Calafatti, SA; Deguer, M; Ecclissato, CC; Marchioretto, MA; Moraes, LA; Ortiz, RA; Pedrazzoli, J; Ribeiro, ML, 2007)		0.58
" Human oral bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic property, which is directly related to the amount of drug available in the systemic circulation to exert pharmacological and therapeutic effects."( Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA, 2007)		0.34
" LODT bioavailability was 76%."( Comparison of the enteral and intravenous lansoprazole pharmacodynamic responses in critically ill patients.
Devlin, JW; Olsen, KM, 2008)		0.61
"The effect of multidrug resistance transporter gene 1 (MDR1) on the bioavailability and kinetics of several substrates has not yet been fully elucidated."( Effect of MDR1 C3435T polymorphism on lansoprazole in healthy Japanese subjects.
Furuta, T; Hishida, A; Ikuma, M; Kodaira, C; Nishino, M; Shirai, N; Sugimoto, M; Uchida, S; Watanabe, H; Yamada, S; Yamade, M, 2009)		0.62
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)		0.36
"The oral bioavailability of some drugs is markedly lower in cynomolgus monkeys than in humans."( Species differences in intestinal metabolic activities of cytochrome P450 isoforms between cynomolgus monkeys and humans.
Komuro, S; Mizuki, Y; Nishimuta, H; Sato, K; Yabuki, M, 2011)		0.37
" In an open-label, randomized, four-period, 2 x two-way crossover study, the relative bioavailability of tablets containing prasugrel free base compared to prasugrel hydrochloride (originator product) both in the presence and in the absence of the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole (CAS 103577-45-3) was investigated."( Relative bioavailability of prasugrel free base in comparison to prasugrel hydrochloride in the presence and in the absence of a proton pump inhibitor.
Doser, K; Salem, I; Seiler, D, 2011)		0.55
"Overall, the results indicate that [14C]dexlansoprazole was well absorbed and extensively metabolized by oxidation, reduction and conjugation to 13 identified metabolites."( Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of [14C]dexlansoprazole in healthy male subjects.
Grabowski, B; Lee, RD, 2012)		0.88
" Compared to the CYP2Cl9 EMs, the CYP2C 19 PM group showed slower elimination and betteroral bioavailability of LSZ, much higher plasma concentrations of LSZS and lower concentrations of HLSZ with statistically significance."( A correlative study of polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and MDR1 C3435T with the pharmacokinetic profiles of lansoprazole and its main metabolites following single oral administration in healthy adult Chinese subjects.
Chu, JH; Jian-Dong, Z; Ju, WZ; Li, CY; Liu, F; Xu, MJ; Zhang, J, 2014)		0.62
" Furthermore, the bioavailability of the blend-coated pellets in beagle dogs was also performed."( Eudragit L/HPMCAS blend enteric-coated lansoprazole pellets: enhanced drug stability and oral bioavailability.
Cao, D; Fang, Y; Liu, Z; Wang, G; Wu, X; Zhang, R, 2014)		0.67
" There are the results of studies in which the known quantitative parameters of duodenal reflux in the duodenal ulcer patients were simulated to identify their influence on the disintegration of enterosoluble dosage forms and the bioavailability of proton pump inhibitors (in healthy volunteers, patients with gasritis, exacerbation and remission of peptic ulcer disease the pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole, intragastric pH-metry with floating capsule for teleradio-pH-metry were investigated, and in an in vitro study the dissolution tests of proton pump inhibitors with pH 3 and pH = 4 were made)."( [THE FEATURES OF SECRETION AND STOMACH MOTOR PROCESSES IN PATIENTS WITH DUODENAL ULCERS AS A CAUSE FOR REDUCING BIOAVAILABILITY OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS].
Prokofiev, AB; Serebrova, SY; Zhuravleva, MV, 2015)		0.58
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
"Lansoprazole (LPZ) show poor bioavailability because of first pass effect and absorption factors."( Controlled release floating drug delivery system for proton pump inhibitors lansoprazole: In-vitro, In-vivo floating and pharmacokinetic evaluation.
Abbas, N; Arshad, MS; Faiz, S; Faran Ashraf Baig, MM; Farhan, M; Hussain, A; Mudassir, J; Murad, S; Usman, F; Zahra, A, 2022)		2.39
" Under fed versus fasted conditions, futibatinib bioavailability was 11."( Evaluation of Potential Food Effects and Drug Interactions With Lansoprazole in Healthy Adult Volunteers Receiving Futibatinib.
Benhadji, KA; He, Y; Hunt, A; Sonnichsen, D; Yamamiya, I; Yamashita, F, 2023)		1.15

Dosage Studied

15 healthy Japanese volunteers were dosed for 7 days in a four-way random crossover trial with 100 mg entero-coated type aspirin only once daily. At the discretion of the investigator, the dosage of lansoprazole was increased up to 60 mg daily in children who continued to be symptomatic after 2 weeks of treatment.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Lansoprazole (both doses) as well as omeprazole raised the plasma gastrin levels about 11-fold 2 h after dosing and 8-to 10-fold 24 h after dosing, reflecting complete (2 h) and 70-80% (24 h) reductions of gastric acid secretion."( Lansoprazole and omeprazole have similar effects on plasma gastrin levels, enterochromaffin-like cells, gastrin cells and somatostatin cells in the rat stomach.
Håkanson, R; Karlsson, A; Lee, H; Mattsson, H; Sundler, F, 1992)		2.64
" The purpose of this study was to determine whether morning or evening dosage gave better control of 24-hr intragastric pH."( Effect of lansoprazole on intragastric pH. Comparison between morning and evening dosing.
Abe, S; Asaki, S; Hirasawa, Y; Hongo, M; Ohara, S; Toyota, T, 1992)		0.69
" An additional 18 subjects received once daily 30 mg oral doses of lansoprazole or placebo; these subjects were dosed at either 08."( The effects of lansoprazole, a new H+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, on gastric pH and serum gastrin.
Greski, PA; Hoyos, PA; Jennings, DE; Page, JG; Sanders, SW; Tolman, KG, 1992)		0.87
" This randomized, double-blind multicentre trial studied the dose-response relationship of lansoprazole on ulcer healing and compared it with ranitidine in 314 out-patients with endoscopically assessed, symptomatic duodenal ulcer."( Dose-related healing of duodenal ulcer with the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole.
Barth, H; Dammann, HG; Hengels, KJ; Kleinert, R; Londong, W; Müller, P; Rohde, H; Simon, B, 1991)		0.74
" Seven days' dosing with 60 mg AG-1749 induced a more than threefold increment of fasting serum gastrin concentration, but this increase was still within the normal range."( Human gastric acid secretion following repeated doses of AG-1749.
Dammann, HG; Leucht, U; Müller, P; Simon, B, 1989)		0.28
" Lansoprazole granules contained in a standard capsule dosage formulation may be removed and placed directly into applesauce and administered to appropriate patients."( Lansoprazole: an alternative method of administration of a capsule dosage formulation.
Cavanaugh, JH; Chun, AH; Eason, CJ; Shi, HH, )		2.48
" The optimal dosage and duration of treatment need to be specified."( Lansoprazole versus lansoprazole plus amoxicillin treatment for eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastric ulcer.
Fujita, N; Hisano, K; Kobayashi, T; Kurokawa, I; Ochiai, T; Sugiyama, T; Yabana, T; Yachi, A, 1995)		1.73
" When lansoprazole was used in dual therapy with amoxicillin, pooled data from four trials employing various dosage schedules showed Hp eradication in 38."( Adjuvant therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: role of lansoprazole in clinical studies.
Lamouliatte, H, 1995)		1.01
" Considerably more work, however, is required to identify the ideal dosage and combination that will give the best eradication rates with the simplest regimen and fewest side effects."( The potential value of lansoprazole in Helicobacter pylori eradication.
Axon, AT, 1995)		0.6
" These results indicate that lansoprazole at a dosage of 30 mg once daily in the morning produced the most potent inhibition of acid secretion in young Japanese volunteers, compared with famotidine 20 mg twice daily and omeprazole 20 mg once in the morning."( Evaluation of the effect of lansoprazole in suppressing acid secretion using 24-hour intragastric pH monitoring.
Asaka, M; Hokari, K; Takeda, H, 1995)		0.88
"Nine patients with non-resected gastrinoma(s) an previously well controlled by omeprazole (mean dosage 75 +/- 12."( [Comparative efficacy of lansoprazole and omeprazole on the intragastric pH measured over a period of 24 hours and on the basal].
Cadiot, G; Forestier, S; Joubert-Collin, M; Mignon, M; Paul, G; Ramdani, A; Ruszniewski, P; Vallot, T, 1994)		0.59
" Our group first performed a dose-response analysis of the efficacy of lansoprazole in reducing basal acid output (BAO) in four patients with severe Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (mean BAO 52 +/- 9 [SD] mmol H+/h) who had previously been treated with a mean omeprazole dosage of 75 mg/day."( Treatment of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Forestier, S; Mignon, M; Pospai, D; Vallot, T; Vatier, J, 1993)		0.52
" A repeated dosing study would be necessary to evaluate the repercussions of the possible accumulation in cirrhotic patients."( Pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole in patients with renal or liver disease of varying severity.
Delhotal-Landes, B; Dellatolas, F; Duchier, J; Flouvat, B; Lemaire, M; Molinie, P, 1993)		0.61
" Because it has a long duration of action, lansoprazole can be used to control gastric acid hypersecretion in most patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome using a once daily dosing schedule."( Prospective study of efficacy and safety of lansoprazole in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Feigenbaum, K; Gardner, JD; Jensen, RT; Koviack, PD; Maton, PN; Metz, DC; Pisegna, JR; Ringham, GL, 1993)		0.81
"Seven days of dosing with either 30 mg or 60 mg of lansoprazole were compared with placebo in a double-blind, randomized, three-way cross-over study in 12 male healthy volunteers."( The effects of lansoprazole, 30 or 60 mg daily, on intragastric pH and on endocrine function in healthy volunteers.
Balks, HJ; Damaschke, A; Dammann, HG; Fuchs, W; Hennig, U; Schwarz, JA; Steinhoff, J; von zur Mühlen, A, 1993)		0.89
" Among the various lansoprazole dosage regimens that have been tested, 30 mg daily for 4 weeks appears to be the optimal regimen to relieve pain rapidly and to heal ulceration in up to 90-95% of patients."( Acute treatment of duodenal ulcer: experience with lansoprazole.
Mignon, M; Vallot, T, 1993)		0.87
" Multiple blood and dialysate samples were collected after dosing and were assayed for lansoprazole and metabolite content via high-performance liquid chromatography."( Pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole in hemodialysis patients.
Cavanaugh, JM; Karol, MD; Machinist, JM, 1995)		0.84
"4% in the lansoprazole 15, 30 and 60 mg dosage groups, respectively, and 25."( A comparison of three doses of lansoprazole (15, 30 and 60 mg) and placebo in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. The Lansoprazole Study Group.
Avner, DL; Dorsch, ER; Greski-Rose, PA; Jennings, DE, 1995)		0.98
" Theophylline area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve over the 6-h dosing interval decreased slightly (13%) but statistically significantly during lansoprazole coadministration."( Pharmacokinetic interaction between lansoprazole and theophylline.
Cavanaugh, JH; Granneman, GR; Karol, MD; Locke, CS, 1995)		0.76
"The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and dosage and administration of lansoprazole and omeprazole are reviewed."( Lansoprazole and omeprazole in the treatment of acid peptic disorders.
Blum, RA, 1996)		1.96
"Morning dosing is usually recommended with proton pump inhibitors, but there are few data from 24-h intragastric acidity studies comparing times of dosing."( Morning versus evening dosing of lansoprazole 30 mg daily on twenty-four-hour intragastric acidity in healthy subjects.
Fraser, AG; Hudson, M; Pounder, RE; Sawyerr, AM; Smith, MS, 1996)		0.58
"A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed on the seventh day of dosing to compare the effects of lansoprazole 30 mg given either in the morning or evening on 24-h intragastric acidity in 32 healthy volunteers."( Morning versus evening dosing of lansoprazole 30 mg daily on twenty-four-hour intragastric acidity in healthy subjects.
Fraser, AG; Hudson, M; Pounder, RE; Sawyerr, AM; Smith, MS, 1996)		0.79
"The median integrated 24-h intragastric acidity on the seventh day of morning dosing with lansoprazole 30 mg was decreased to 36% of the placebo value, compared with 42% for evening dosing."( Morning versus evening dosing of lansoprazole 30 mg daily on twenty-four-hour intragastric acidity in healthy subjects.
Fraser, AG; Hudson, M; Pounder, RE; Sawyerr, AM; Smith, MS, 1996)		0.8
"These data favour morning dosing of lansoprazole 30 mg for routine use, but patients with mainly nocturnal symptoms may be best treated by evening dosing."( Morning versus evening dosing of lansoprazole 30 mg daily on twenty-four-hour intragastric acidity in healthy subjects.
Fraser, AG; Hudson, M; Pounder, RE; Sawyerr, AM; Smith, MS, 1996)		0.85
"The time to maximum inhibition of gastric acidity resulting from repeated oral dosing with lansoprazole 30 mg daily for 7 days was studied in nine healthy male volunteers."( Time to maximum effect of lansoprazole on gastric pH in normal male volunteers.
Bell, NJ; Hunt, RH, 1996)		0.81
"Twenty-four hour intragastric pH monitoring was performed before treatment and on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 of dosing with lansoprazole."( Time to maximum effect of lansoprazole on gastric pH in normal male volunteers.
Bell, NJ; Hunt, RH, 1996)		0.8
" Ambulatory 24-h intragastric pH levels were measured before dosing, after the first and fifth doses in each period, and 15 days after each dosing period."( The effects of oral doses of lansoprazole and omeprazole on gastric pH.
Buchi, KN; Jennings, DE; Karol, MD; Ringham, GL; Sanders, SW; Tolman, KG, 1997)		0.59
" A dosage of 30 mg/day produced higher healing rates and equivalent or faster relief of ulcer symptoms than ranitidine or famotidine in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers and reflux esophagitis."( Lansoprazole: a comprehensive review.
Katona, BG; Zimmermann, AE, )		1.57
" After 3 and 5 days of dosing the decreases were 53% and 48% with 15 mg lansoprazole, 82% and 82% with 30 mg lansoprazole, 43% and 39% with 20 mg omeprazole, and 76% and 83% with 40 mg omeprazole."( Lansoprazole versus omeprazole: influence on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion.
Burkhardt, F; Dammann, HG; Fuchs, W; Richter, G; Walter, TA; Wolf, N, 1997)		1.97
" Ambulatory 24-hour intragastric pH values were monitored in each subject at baseline (2 days before crossover period 1) and again before dosing on day 5 of each of the four crossover treatment periods."( The comparative effects of lansoprazole, omeprazole, and ranitidine in suppressing gastric acid secretion.
Blum, RA; Greski-Rose, PA; Hunt, RH; Karol, MD; Shi, H, )		0.43
" pylori infection and to establish the adequate dosage of a new triple therapy for Japanese patients."( The efficacy and safety of one-week triple therapy with lansoprazole, clarithromycin, and metronidazole for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Japanese patients.
Ido, K; Kihira, K; Kimura, K; Saifuku, K; Satoh, K; Seki, M; Takimoto, T; Taniguchi, Y; Yoshida, Y, 1997)		0.54
"05), confirming a dose-response effect."( A placebo-controlled dose-ranging study of lansoprazole in the management of reflux esophagitis.
Dorsch, E; Earnest, DL; Greski-Rose, PA; Jennings, DE; Jones, J, 1998)		0.56
" Studies to define the optimal duration, dose, and dosing interval of this combination therapy in Korea are needed."( One-week triple therapy with lansoprazole, clarithromycin, and metronidazole to cure Helicobacter pylori infection in peptic ulcer disease in Korea.
El-Zimaity, HM; Graham, DY; Kim, JG; Osato, MS; Perng, CL, 1998)		0.59
" The two groups were not different in regard to their symptom frequency and severity before therapy, amount of lansoprazole dosage required to eliminate symptoms, length of Barrett's metaplasia, presence of hiatal hernia, lower esophageal sphincter resting tone and length, or esophageal peristaltic function."( Complete elimination of reflux symptoms does not guarantee normalization of intraesophageal acid reflux in patients with Barrett's esophagus.
Ouatu-Lascar, R; Triadafilopoulos, G, 1998)		0.51
"Both dosing regimens of omeprazole and lansoprazole significantly increased median gastric pH and percentages of time above pH 4 during the entire 24-h period, night- and daytime, compared to baseline."( Acid-inhibitory effects of omeprazole and lansoprazole in Helicobacter pylori-negative healthy subjects.
Geus, WP; Lamers, CB; Mulder, PG; Nicolai, JJ; Van den Boomgaard, DM, 1998)		0.83
" Pirenzepine was administered intramuscularly at a dosage of 20 mg/kg twice daily; and lansorprazole, subcutaneously at 50 mg/kg once daily, both every day for 4 weeks."( Effect of pirenzepine on gastric endocrine cell kinetics during lansoprazole administration.
Aoki, T; Gang, C; Kashiwagi, H; Omura, K; Omura, N, 1998)		0.54
" Via the gastrostomy, they then received 7 days of once-daily dosing with 30 mg lansoprazole as intact granules in 3 fl."( The pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole administered via gastrostomy as intact, non-encapsulated granules.
Howden, CW; Sharma, VK; Ugheoke, EA; Vasudeva, R, 1998)		0.83
" The experiments had a randomized cross-over design with a two-week washout period between dosing regimens."( Effect of clarithromycin and other macrolides on the sulfoxidation and 5-hydroxylation of lansoprazole in dogs.
Arimori, K; Fujii, J; Masa, K; Miyamoto, S; Nakano, M; Nakayama, T, 1999)		0.52
" One group was dosed with lansoprazole 30 mg at 08."( The effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on intragastric pH during dosing with lansoprazole or ranitidine.
Mulder, PG; Samsom, M; Smout, AJ; van Herwaarden, MA; van Nispen, CH, 1999)		0.83
" Pre-treatment with a proton pump inhibitor, higher doses or more frequent dosing may be necessary to increase the cure rate of short duration regimens."( Comparison of two 3-day Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens with a standard 1-week regimen.
Cross, R; Grimley, CE; Illing, RC; Lismore, JR; Loft, DE; Nwokolo, CU; O'sullivan, M; Penny, A; Shebani, M, 1999)		0.3
" Through the gastrostomy, they then received 7 days of once-daily dosing with 30 mg lansoprazole as intact granules in orange juice."( Simplified lansoprazole suspension--a liquid formulation of lansoprazole--effectively suppresses intragastric acidity when administered through a gastrostomy.
Howden, CW; Sharma, VK; Vasudeva, R, 1999)		0.92
"The objective of this randomized, double-blind, two-period crossover study was to investigate whether concomitant steady-state lansoprazole influences the pharmacokinetics of CYP2C9 substrates using single intravenously dosed phenytoin as a model substrate."( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between lansoprazole and intravenously administered phenytoin.
Cavanaugh, JH; Karol, MD; Locke, CS, 1999)		0.77
" In this study, we focused on whether 20 mg of rabeprazole is effective in our patient population by comparing that dosage with 40 mg of rabeprazole and 60 mg of lansoprazole."( Efficacy of reduced dosage of rabeprazole in PPI/AC therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: comparison of 20 and 40 mg rabeprazole with 60 mg lansoprazole.
Miwa, H; Murai, T; Nagahara, A; Ogihara, T; Ohkura, R; Ohta, K; Sato, K; Sato, N; Takei, Y; Yamada, T, 2000)		0.7
"Two different ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopic methods were developed for determination of Lansoprazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms."( Determination of Lansoprazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms by two different spectroscopic methods.
Ozaltín, N, 1999)		0.86
"No significant changes in the steady-state theophylline maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (Tmax), minimum plasma concentration (Cmin), area under the plasma concentration-time curve over the 12-h dosing interval (AUC0-12), or apparent total oral clearance (CL/F) were observed within the two treatment groups when theophylline was administered alone or in combination with lansoprazole or pantoprazole."( Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between lansoprazole or pantoprazole and theophylline.
Goldwater, DR; Hunt, RH; Pan, WJ; Pilmer, BL; Zhang, Y, 2000)		0.73
" Few data exist to compare the ability of the most-often used proton pump inhibitors, omeprazole and lansoprazole, to control gastric acid at twice-daily dosage regimens."( Gastric acidity and acid breakthrough with twice-daily omeprazole or lansoprazole.
Castell, DO; Hatlebakk, JG; Katz, PO, 2000)		0.76
" on gastric acidity and the relative ability of each dosage regimen to prevent acid breakthrough."( Gastric acidity and acid breakthrough with twice-daily omeprazole or lansoprazole.
Castell, DO; Hatlebakk, JG; Katz, PO, 2000)		0.54
" Each dosage regimen was separated by a minimum 7-day period where no medication was administered."( Gastric acidity and acid breakthrough with twice-daily omeprazole or lansoprazole.
Castell, DO; Hatlebakk, JG; Katz, PO, 2000)		0.54
"Analysis of daily diary data during the first 4 weeks and for the entire 8 weeks of treatment revealed that patients who were treated with either dosage of lansoprazole reported significantly (P<."( Lansoprazole compared with ranitidine for the treatment of nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Campbell, DR; Fludas, C; Huang, B; Kahrilas, PJ; Richter, JE, 2000)		1.95
"To determine the effect of CYP2C19 genotype status on intragastric pH during dosing with lansoprazole or rabeprazole."( CYP2C19 genotype status and intragastric pH during dosing with lansoprazole or rabeprazole.
Adachi, K; Amano, K; Fukuda, R; Ishihara, S; Katsube, T; Kawamura, A; Kinoshita, Y; Takashima, T; Watanabe, M; Yuki, M, 2000)		0.77
" On the other hand, the median pH in PMs during lansoprazole dosing was higher than in homo-EMs and hetero-EMs."( CYP2C19 genotype status and intragastric pH during dosing with lansoprazole or rabeprazole.
Adachi, K; Amano, K; Fukuda, R; Ishihara, S; Katsube, T; Kawamura, A; Kinoshita, Y; Takashima, T; Watanabe, M; Yuki, M, 2000)		0.8
" Patients with gastric ulcer (GU) or duodenal ulcer (DU) were enrolled in this study; 583 eligible patients (GU, 325; DU, 258) were administered lansoprazole (30 mg/day for 8 weeks for GU, and the same dosage for 6 weeks for DU) as first-line therapy, and a half dose of H2RA as maintenance therapy for 12 months."( Peptic ulcer recurrence during maintenance therapy with H2-receptor antagonist following first-line therapy with proton pump inhibitor.
Asaka, M; Asaki, S; Ashida, K; Harasawa, S; Hoshihara, Y; Kajiyama, G; Kaneko, E; Kobayashi, K; Muto, Y; Nakamura, T; Nakazawa, S; Ogawa, N; Sakaki, N; Takemoto, T; Yao, T, 2000)		0.51
"Patients were divided into 2 groups, one group received Lansoprazole (30 mg) once a day, and amoxycilline (500 mg) three times a day (group I), while the second group received Lansoparazole and amoxycillin in similar dosage with the addition of Roxythromycin (150 mg) twice a day (group II)."( Two weeks triple therapy with lansoprazole, amoxycillin and roxythromycin is better than dual therapy with lansoprazole and amoxycillin for H. pylori infection: a randomised, clinical trial.
Alam, E; Mehdi, I; Qureshi, H, 2000)		0.84
" A model was applied to multiple-dose data from a crossover study of four dosage regimens of lansoprazole in two groups of normal male subjects."( Pharmacodynamic modeling of lansoprazole using an indirect irreversible response model.
Blum, RA; Jusko, WJ; Krzyzanski, W; Puchalski, TA, 2001)		0.82
" The time of dosing and ingestion of meals may also influence the pharmacokinetics of these agents as well as their ability to suppress gastric acid secretion."( Shortcomings of the first-generation proton pump inhibitors.
Tytgat, GN, 2001)		0.31
" pantoprazole in patients who are unable to swallow solid dosage formulations."( Effects on 24-hour intragastric pH: a comparison of lansoprazole administered nasogastrically in apple juice and pantoprazole administered intravenously.
Chiu, YL; Freston, J; Lukasik, N; Pan, WJ; Täubel, J, 2001)		0.56
"To investigate the pharmacokinetics, optimal dosage and efficacy of lansoprazole in paediatric patients."( Lansoprazole in children: pharmacokinetics and efficacy in reflux oesophagitis.
Faure, C; Hankard, R; Jacoz-Aigrain, E; Laurence, M; Michaud, L; Mougenot, JF; Navarro, J; Popon, M; Shaghaghi, EK, 2001)		1.99
" The dosage was doubled in non-responders."( Lansoprazole in children: pharmacokinetics and efficacy in reflux oesophagitis.
Faure, C; Hankard, R; Jacoz-Aigrain, E; Laurence, M; Michaud, L; Mougenot, JF; Navarro, J; Popon, M; Shaghaghi, EK, 2001)		1.75
" Results were further analyzed to compare failure rates based on different dosage regimens."( Proton pump inhibitor resistance in the treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux.
Amin, MR; Digges, N; Johnson, P; Koufman, JA; Postma, GN, 2001)		0.31
"Little is known about differences in the disposition kinetics and pharmacological effects on gastrin levels between lansoprazole and rabeprazole given in a repeated dosing scheme with respect to the polymorphic CYP2C19."( Comparison of the kinetic disposition of and serum gastrin change by lansoprazole versus rabeprazole during an 8-day dosing scheme in relation to CYP2C19 polymorphism.
Fukushima, Y; Hasegawa, J; Ieiri, I; Ishizaki, T; Kishimoto, Y; Kitano, M; Momiyama, K; Morisawa, T; Morita, T; Nakagawa, K; Okochi, H; Otsubo, K, 2001)		0.75
" Five of the homozygous extensive metabolizer subjects underwent the 24-hour intragastric pH monitoring on day 8 of dosing of lansoprazole 30 mg 4 times daily."( Effect of high-dose lansoprazole on intragastic pH in subjects who are homozygous extensive metabolizers of cytochrome P4502C19.
Furuta, T; Ishizaki, T; Ohashi, K; Shirai, N; Xiao, F, 2001)		0.84
" A genotyping test of CYP2C19 status appears useful for prescribing an optimal dosing scheme of lansoprazole."( Effect of high-dose lansoprazole on intragastic pH in subjects who are homozygous extensive metabolizers of cytochrome P4502C19.
Furuta, T; Ishizaki, T; Ohashi, K; Shirai, N; Xiao, F, 2001)		0.85
" If the results were still abnormal, the proton pump inhibitor dosage was doubled and 24-h pH-metry was repeated after 20-30 days."( Lansoprazole vs. omeprazole for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a pH-metric comparison.
De Micheli, E; Frazzoni, M; Grisendi, A; Savarino, V, 2002)		1.76
" In all such cases, repeat pH monitoring after doubling the proton pump inhibitor dosage gave normal results."( Lansoprazole vs. omeprazole for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a pH-metric comparison.
De Micheli, E; Frazzoni, M; Grisendi, A; Savarino, V, 2002)		1.76
" The daily dosage could be influenced by the presence of hiatal hernia."( Hiatal hernia is the key factor determining the lansoprazole dosage required for effective intra-oesophageal acid suppression.
De Micheli, E; Frazzoni, M; Grisendi, A; Savarino, V, 2002)		0.57
"To assess the lansoprazole daily dosage required to normalize oesophageal acid exposure in patients with and without hiatal hernia."( Hiatal hernia is the key factor determining the lansoprazole dosage required for effective intra-oesophageal acid suppression.
De Micheli, E; Frazzoni, M; Grisendi, A; Savarino, V, 2002)		0.93
" If the results were still abnormal, the lansoprazole dosage was doubled and 24-h pH-metry was repeated 20-30 days thereafter."( Hiatal hernia is the key factor determining the lansoprazole dosage required for effective intra-oesophageal acid suppression.
De Micheli, E; Frazzoni, M; Grisendi, A; Savarino, V, 2002)		0.84
"A 30-mg daily dosage of lansoprazole normalized oesophageal acid exposure in 70% of cases, whilst a 60-mg daily dosage was necessary in the remainder: the two groups differed only in the presence of hiatal hernia (28% vs."( Hiatal hernia is the key factor determining the lansoprazole dosage required for effective intra-oesophageal acid suppression.
De Micheli, E; Frazzoni, M; Grisendi, A; Savarino, V, 2002)		0.88
"Hiatal hernia is the key factor determining the lansoprazole dosage required for effective intra-oesophageal acid suppression in complicated and atypical gastro-oesophageal reflux disease."( Hiatal hernia is the key factor determining the lansoprazole dosage required for effective intra-oesophageal acid suppression.
De Micheli, E; Frazzoni, M; Grisendi, A; Savarino, V, 2002)		0.83
" Sixty-eight patients received 30 mg of lansoprazole once daily, 500 mg of amoxicillin and 250 mg of metronidazole thrice daily for 2 weeks (LAM group), while the other 67 patients received the same dosage of those agents plus 18,000 tyrosine units of pronase thrice daily for 2 weeks (LAMP group)."( Additive effect of pronase on the efficacy of eradication therapy against Helicobacter pylori.
Akamatsu, T; Gotoh, A; Ikeno, T; Ishida, K; Kaneko, T; Katsuyama, T; Kawakami, Y; Kiyosawa, K; Ota, H; Shimizu, T; Shimodaira, K; Sugiyama, A, 2002)		0.58
" These patients underwent a 24-hour intragastric pH-metry, measurement of basal acid output and of serum gastrin first while receiving their usual therapy and second after 7 to 10 days of pantoprazole treatment at a mean dosage of 116 mg/day (range: 40-200 mg/day)."( Effect of pantoprazole versus other proton pump inhibitors on 24-hour intragastric pH and basal acid output in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Mignon, M; Ramdani, A; Samoyeau, R, 2002)		0.31
"For the long term maintenance treatment of reflux esophagitis several strategies have been proposed with the aim of reducing the daily dosage or the frequency of drug administration."( Daily low-dose versus alternate day full-dose lansoprazole in the maintenance treatment of reflux esophagitis.
Baldi, F; Cappiello, R; Ghersi, S; Morselli-Labate, AM, 2002)		0.57
" This study was designed to investigate the dosing patterns of patients on on-demand treatment and to compare lansoprazole with omeprazole in this regard."( On-demand treatment in patients with oesophagitis and reflux symptoms: comparison of lansoprazole and omeprazole.
Grove, O; Johnsson, F; Moum, B; Simren, M; Thoring, M; Vilien, M, 2002)		0.75
" In order to document dosing patterns, the medication was dispensed in bottles supplied with a Medication Event Monitoring System recording date and time the bottles were opened."( On-demand treatment in patients with oesophagitis and reflux symptoms: comparison of lansoprazole and omeprazole.
Grove, O; Johnsson, F; Moum, B; Simren, M; Thoring, M; Vilien, M, 2002)		0.54
" A dosing pattern was found of an increased intake mornings and evenings and constant intervals between intakes."( On-demand treatment in patients with oesophagitis and reflux symptoms: comparison of lansoprazole and omeprazole.
Grove, O; Johnsson, F; Moum, B; Simren, M; Thoring, M; Vilien, M, 2002)		0.54
" Compliance (as measured by a medication-possession ratio), dosage escalation (> 25 percent of initial dose), and daily average consumption (DACON) were measured."( Impact of proton pump inhibitor utilization patterns on gastroesophageal reflux disease-related costs.
Dodd, S; Durkin, M; Hall, J; Sloan, S, 2002)		0.31
" Drug elimination intervals were at least 9 days between the dosing periods."( Pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin after simultaneous and single administration.
Borner, K; Koeppe, P; Kotwas, J; Lode, H; Mainz, D, 2002)		0.64
" Dose-response studies on gastroprotection in stress and indomethacin-induced ulcer and inhibition of pylorus ligation-induced acid secretion indicate that omeprazole significantly blocks gastric lesions at lower dose (2."( A novel antioxidant and antiapoptotic role of omeprazole to block gastric ulcer through scavenging of hydroxyl radical.
Ali, E; Bandyopadhyay, U; Banerjee, RK; Biswas, K; Chattopadhyay, I; Varadaraj, A, 2003)		0.32
" If the results were improved but still abnormal, the dosage was doubled and pH monitoring was repeated."( Effective intra-oesophageal acid suppression in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: lansoprazole vs. pantoprazole.
De Micheli, E; Frazzoni, M; Grisendi, A; Savarino, V, 2003)		0.54
" This novel dosage formulation represents an option for patients who have difficulty in swallowing oral agents."( Comparative pharmacokinetics and safety of lansoprazole oral capsules and orally disintegrating tablets in healthy subjects.
Ballard, ED; Chiu, YL; Freston, JW; Mulford, DJ, 2003)		0.58
" At the discretion of the investigator, the dosage of lansoprazole was increased up to 60 mg daily in children who continued to be symptomatic after 2 weeks of treatment."( Safety of lansoprazole in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children.
Fitzgerald, J; Hassall, E; Huang, B; Kane, R; Pilmer, B; Tolia, V, 2002)		0.97
" At the discretion of the investigator, the dosage of lansoprazole was increased up to 60 mg daily in children who continued to be symptomatic after 2 weeks of treatment."( Efficacy of lansoprazole in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children.
Book, L; Ferry, G; Gunasekaran, T; Huang, B; Keith, R; Tolia, V, 2002)		0.94
" Lansoprazole significantly increased the mean 24-hour intragastric pH and the percentages of time intragastric pH was above 3 and 4 when children were dosed with either 15 or 30 mg according to body weight."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Book, L; Chiu, YL; Gremse, D; Gunasekaran, T; Karol, M; Pan, WJ; Pilmer, B; Tolia, V; Winter, H, 2002)		1.49
" Adolescents in both dosage groups exhibited reductions from baseline in the percentage of days and nights with heartburn (or other predominant symptom of GERD), the severity of heartburn, the percentage of days antacids were used, and the number of antacid tablets used per day."( Lansoprazole in adolescents with gastroesophageal reflux disease: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, symptom relief efficacy, and tolerability.
Chiu, YL; Fitzgerald, J; Gremse, D; Gunasekaran, T; Gupta, S; Karol, M; Keith, R; Pan, WJ, 2002)		1.76
" pylori eradication on intragastric acidity and plasma gastrin during dosing with lansoprazole, omeprazole, rabeprazole and placebo."( Eradication of Helicobacter pylori increases nocturnal intragastric acidity during dosing with rabeprazole, omeprazole, lansoprazole and placebo.
Chilton, A; Nwokolo, CU; Pounder, RE; Sercombe, J; Usselmann, B; Williams, MP, 2003)		0.75
" pylori eradication during dosing with proton pump inhibitors is a drug-class effect, particularly affecting nocturnal acid control."( Eradication of Helicobacter pylori increases nocturnal intragastric acidity during dosing with rabeprazole, omeprazole, lansoprazole and placebo.
Chilton, A; Nwokolo, CU; Pounder, RE; Sercombe, J; Usselmann, B; Williams, MP, 2003)		0.53
"We undertook a broad data review of the efficacy of nine different 7-day triple therapies consisting of a proton pump inhibitor (lansoprazole, pantoprazole, omeprazole) in its standard dosage and two antibiotics."( Recent use of proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies for the eradication of H pylori: a broad data review.
Beckerling, A; Gatz, G; Ulmer, HJ, 2003)		0.52
"Rapid and consistent acid suppression on the first day of dosing may be important in treating acid-related disorders."( Acid inhibition on the first day of dosing: comparison of four proton pump inhibitors.
Blum, AL; Dorta, G; Jornod, P; Pantoflickova, D; Ravic, M, 2003)		0.32
" Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of lansoprazole and its metabolites, and gastric acid secretion were monitored after dosing on days 1 and 7 of each treatment period."( Age-related differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole.
Granneman, GR; Hogan, DL; Hussein, Z; Isenberg, JI; Koss, MA; Mukherjee, D; Samara, E, 1993)		0.77
" Steady state plasma concentrations of lansoprazole were reached after 3 days of dosing with lansoprazole."( Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole in elderly subjects.
Cournot, A; Delhotal-Landes, B; Dellatolas, F; Flouvat, B, 1993)		0.82
" Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with lansoprazole (150 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 14 days."( Lansoprazole increases testosterone metabolism and clearance in male Sprague-Dawley rats: implications for Leydig cell carcinogenesis.
Coulson, M; Gibson, GG; Graham, M; Hammond, T; Plant, N, 2003)		2.03
" Multicentre randomised controlled studies are needed to better define the efficacy profile, the optimal dosage with respect to the different indications and the safety profile for chronic therapy of proton pump inhibitors in children."( Proton pump inhibitors in children: a review.
Gerarduzzi, T; Marchetti, F; Ventura, A, 2003)		0.32
"To compare the effects of standard-dose esomeprazole with those of standard doses of lansoprazole and rabeprazole on intragastric pH during repeated daily oral dosing in healthy volunteers."( Esomeprazole 40 mg provides improved intragastric acid control as compared with lansoprazole 30 mg and rabeprazole 20 mg in healthy volunteers.
Junghard, O; Nilsson-Pieschl, C; Nyman, L; Röhss, K; Wilder-Smith, CH, 2003)		0.77
" Measurement of the 24-h oesophageal and intragastric pH, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms and quality of life was performed at baseline and during the last week of each dosing period."( Double-blind, randomized controlled study to assess the effects of lansoprazole 30 mg and lansoprazole 15 mg on 24-h oesophageal and intragastric pH in Chinese subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Chan, AO; Hu, WH; Huang, JQ; Hui, WM; Lai, KC; Lam, CL; Lam, KF; Lam, SK; Wong, BC; Wong, NY; Wong, WM; Xia, HH, 2004)		0.56
"Trough concentrations of tacrolimus should be monitored closely for optimizing the dosage regimen in patients receiving concomitant lansoprazole."( Lansoprazole-tacrolimus interaction in Japanese transplant recipient with CYP2C19 polymorphism.
Inui, K; Ito, N; Motohashi, H; Ogawa, O; Okuda, M; Takahashi, K; Yamamoto, S; Yonezawa, A, 2004)		1.97
" This dosing route provides an additional, convenient dosing option for lansoprazole."( A novel option for dosing of proton pump inhibitors: dispersion of lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablet in water via oral syringe.
Donnelly, JR; Gremse, DA; Kukulka, MJ; Lee, C; Lloyd, E, 2004)		0.79
"Lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablet, which rapidly disintegrates on the tongue or in water, provides a dosing alternative for patients with difficulty in swallowing."( A novel option in proton pump inhibitor dosing: lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablet dispersed in water and administered via nasogastric tube.
Freston, JW; Kukulka, MJ; Lee, C; Lloyd, E, 2004)		2.02
"The total plasma exposure to lansoprazole was comparable following both dosing regimens; mean AUC values for the lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablet nasogastric dispersion were < or =8."( A novel option in proton pump inhibitor dosing: lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablet dispersed in water and administered via nasogastric tube.
Freston, JW; Kukulka, MJ; Lee, C; Lloyd, E, 2004)		0.87
" This alternative dosing method may be useful in patients with nasogastric or gastric tubes."( A novel option in proton pump inhibitor dosing: lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablet dispersed in water and administered via nasogastric tube.
Freston, JW; Kukulka, MJ; Lee, C; Lloyd, E, 2004)		0.58
"To compare the effect of esomeprazole 40 mg with lansoprazole 30 mg, omeprazole 20 mg, pantoprazole 40 mg and rabeprazole 20 mg on intragastric pH during single and repeated dosing in four separate studies in patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)."( Esomeprazole 40 mg provides more effective intragastric acid control than lansoprazole 30 mg, omeprazole 20 mg, pantoprazole 40 mg and rabeprazole 20 mg in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms.
Lind, T; Röhss, K; Wilder-Smith, C, 2004)		0.81
" Novel dosage formulations of lansoprazole that may be appropriate for patients with dysphagia include the commercially manufactured lansoprazole strawberry-flavored enteric-coated granules for suspension and lansoprazole orally disintegrating tablets."( Management of acid-related disorders in patients with dysphagia.
Howden, CW, 2004)		0.61
" Lansoprazole was dosed after breakfast and dinner."( Effect of concomitant dosing of famotidine with lansoprazole on gastric acid secretion in relation to CYP2C19 genotype status.
Furuta, T; Hishida, A; Kajimura, M; Nakamura, A; Okudaira, K; Shirai, N; Sugimoto, M, 2005)		1.49
" For the better PPI-based treatment, doses and dosing schemes of PPIs should be optimized based on CYP2C19 genotype status."( Influence of CYP2C19 pharmacogenetic polymorphism on proton pump inhibitor-based therapies.
Furuta, T; Hishida, A; Ishizaki, T; Nakamura, A; Shirai, N; Sugimoto, M, 2005)		0.33
"Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is frequently treated with empiric proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), but the optimal dosing and duration is unknown."( Laryngopharyngeal reflux: prospective cohort study evaluating optimal dose of proton-pump inhibitor therapy and pretherapy predictors of response.
Abelson, TI; Hicks, DM; Khandwala, F; Milstein, C; Park, W; Richter, JE; Vaezi, MF, 2005)		0.33
" Dosing was increased to twice daily and pH was reassessed on day 10."( A comparison of esomeprazole and lansoprazole for control of intragastric pH in patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Brooks, W; Doviak, M; Hornbuckle, K; Johnson, DA; Ryan, M; Stacy, T; Willis, J; Wootton, T, 2005)		0.61
" Therefore it is administered at reduced as well as high dosages in eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori; however, there is incomplete assessment of the efficacy of a reduced dosage of rabeprazole as might be employed in therapy."( Acid-suppressive efficacy of a reduced dosage of rabeprazole: comparison of 10 mg twice daily rabeprazole with 20 mg twice daily rabeprazole, 30 mg twice daily lansoprazole, and 20 mg twice daily omeprazole by 24-hr intragastric pH-metry.
Horikawa, Y; Inoue, M; Kuroiwa, T; Nakamura, M; Shimatani, T; Tazuma, S; Xu, J, 2005)		0.53
" The results of studies comparing the clinical efficacy of different PPI dosage forms and routes of administration, safety considerations, and cost-effectiveness analyses are among the factors to consider when making formulary decisions for this class of drugs."( Proton pump inhibitor formulary considerations in the acutely ill. Part 2: Clinical efficacy, safety, and economics.
Devlin, JW; Olsen, KM; Welage, LS, 2005)		0.33
" Long-term dosing schedule (high dose or step-down dose) was based on current market data."( Cost-effectiveness comparison of current proton-pump inhibitors to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in the UK.
Brown, RE; Remák, E; Robinson, A; Yuen, C, 2005)		0.33
"Common treatment practices in patients who continue to be symptomatic on proton pump inhibitor once-daily treatment include either increasing the dosage or the use of supplemental medication."( Treatment of patients with persistent heartburn symptoms: a double-blind, randomized trial.
Fass, R; Sontag, SJ; Sostek, M; Traxler, B, 2006)		0.33
"Switching patients with persistent heartburn on a standard-dose proton pump inhibitor to a different proton pump inhibitor was as effective as increasing the proton pump inhibitor dosage to twice daily for controlling heartburn symptoms."( Treatment of patients with persistent heartburn symptoms: a double-blind, randomized trial.
Fass, R; Sontag, SJ; Sostek, M; Traxler, B, 2006)		0.33
"Lansoprazole administered as a 60-mg intravenous bolus followed by 6-mg/h continuous infusion produced intragastric pH effects comparable with those of higher dosage regimens."( Dose-response evaluation of the antisecretory effect of continuous infusion intravenous lansoprazole regimens over 48 h.
Amer, F; Howden, CW; Hunt, B; Kukulka, M; Metz, DC; Samra, N; Vakily, M, 2006)		2
" Twenty-four-hour pH testing was performed on day 5 of each dosing period."( Intragastric acid control in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug users: comparison of esomeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole.
Goldstein, JL; Liu, S; Miner, PB; Schlesinger, PK; Silberg, DG, 2006)		0.55
" Pre-meal dosing maximizes efficacy while sub-optimal dose timing may limit efficacy."( Sub-optimal proton pump inhibitor dosing is prevalent in patients with poorly controlled gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Gunaratnam, NT; Inadomi, J; Jessup, TP; Lascewski, DP, 2006)		0.33
"To determine the prevalence of sub-optimal proton pump inhibitor dosing in a community-based gastro-oesophageal reflux disease population."( Sub-optimal proton pump inhibitor dosing is prevalent in patients with poorly controlled gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Gunaratnam, NT; Inadomi, J; Jessup, TP; Lascewski, DP, 2006)		0.33
"One hundred patients on proton pump inhibitors referred for persistent gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms were questioned about their proton pump inhibitor dosing habits and classified as optimal or sub-optimal dosers."( Sub-optimal proton pump inhibitor dosing is prevalent in patients with poorly controlled gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Gunaratnam, NT; Inadomi, J; Jessup, TP; Lascewski, DP, 2006)		0.33
"Forty-six percent dosed optimally."( Sub-optimal proton pump inhibitor dosing is prevalent in patients with poorly controlled gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Gunaratnam, NT; Inadomi, J; Jessup, TP; Lascewski, DP, 2006)		0.33
"In this study, 54% of patients dosed proton pump inhibitors sub-optimally and only 12% dosed in a manner that maximized acid suppression."( Sub-optimal proton pump inhibitor dosing is prevalent in patients with poorly controlled gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Gunaratnam, NT; Inadomi, J; Jessup, TP; Lascewski, DP, 2006)		0.33
" The method could be successfully applied to the determination of pure, laboratory prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical dosage forms."( Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of lansoprazole, omeprazole and pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate in presence of their Acid-induced degradation products.
El-Bardicy, MG; El-Sherif, ZA; El-Tarras, MF; Mohamed, AO, 2006)		0.56
" Based on the calculated metabolic ratios it could be shown that CYP3A4 plays a major role in kinetics of esomeprozale, particularly after multiple dosing when there is a metabolic shift in favor of the formation of the sulfone."( Clinical impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the action of proton pump inhibitors: a review of a special problem.
Klotz, U, 2006)		0.33
" The dosage of lansoprazole was increased in 3 of the 8 children."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lansoprazole in children 13 to 24 months old with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Amer, F; Chiu, YL; Heyman, MB; Huang, B; Winter, HS; Zhang, W, 2007)		0.96
"To compare repeated once daily bedtime dosing of IR-OME, lansoprazole and esomeprazole on nocturnal gastric acidity."( Comparison of the effects of immediate-release omeprazole oral suspension, delayed-release lansoprazole capsules and delayed-release esomeprazole capsules on nocturnal gastric acidity after bedtime dosing in patients with night-time GERD symptoms.
Bagin, RG; Ballard, ED; Checani, GC; Gautille, TC; Hogan, DL; Katz, PO; Koch, FK; Pratha, VS, 2007)		0.81
" Bedtime dosing with IR-OME may be effective for patients with night-time heartburn."( Comparison of the effects of immediate-release omeprazole oral suspension, delayed-release lansoprazole capsules and delayed-release esomeprazole capsules on nocturnal gastric acidity after bedtime dosing in patients with night-time GERD symptoms.
Bagin, RG; Ballard, ED; Checani, GC; Gautille, TC; Hogan, DL; Katz, PO; Koch, FK; Pratha, VS, 2007)		0.56
"To determine the level of acid control and the dose-response relationships achieved with esomeprazole and lansoprazole."( Acid control with esomeprazole and lansoprazole: a comparative dose-response study.
Lind, T; Lundin, C; Nauclér, E; Nilsson-Pieschl, C; Röhss, K; Wilder-Smith, C, 2007)		0.83
" Mean 24-h median intragastric pH was higher following esomeprazole dosing compared with lansoprazole at each dose level."( Acid control with esomeprazole and lansoprazole: a comparative dose-response study.
Lind, T; Lundin, C; Nauclér, E; Nilsson-Pieschl, C; Röhss, K; Wilder-Smith, C, 2007)		0.84
"Two spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the assay of lansoprazole (LPZ) in bulk drug and in dosage forms using ceric ammonium sulphate (CAS) and two dyes, methyl orange and indigo carmine, as reagents."( Use of ceric ammonium sulphate and two dyes, methyl orange and indigo carmine, in the determination of lansoprazole in pharmaceuticals.
Basavaiah, K; Kumar, UR; Ramakrishna, V, 2007)		0.8
"To identify the optimal dosage of levofloxacin to eradicate persistent Helicobacter pylori when triple therapy with amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and omeprazole fails."( Levofloxacin-containing triple therapy to eradicate the persistent H. pylori after a failed conventional triple therapy.
Chang, WL; Chen, WY; Cheng, HC; Sheu, BS; Wu, JJ; Yang, HB, 2007)		0.34
" Elevated serum gastrin levels occurred in 73% of children with no statistically significant differences in gastrin level by PPI type, dose, and dosing frequency or treatment duration."( Long-term proton pump inhibitor use in children: a retrospective review of safety.
Boyer, K; Tolia, V, 2008)		0.35
" Medical charts were reviewed in a subset of patients to gather dosing information."( Proton pump inhibitor utilization patterns in infants.
Bakst, AW; Barron, JJ; Singer, J; Spalding, J; Tan, H, 2007)		0.34
" These data offer valuable information on current PPI dosing patterns that may be used to design future clinical trials for assessment of gastroesophageal reflux disease regimens and clinical outcomes in the infant population."( Proton pump inhibitor utilization patterns in infants.
Bakst, AW; Barron, JJ; Singer, J; Spalding, J; Tan, H, 2007)		0.34
"In this open-label crossover study, healthy, Helicobacter pylori-negative adults were randomized to one of two treatment sequences, each consisting of two 5-day dosing periods of IV esomeprazole 40 mg or IV lansoprazole 30 mg."( Intravenous esomeprazole 40 mg vs. intravenous lansoprazole 30 mg for controlling intragastric acidity in healthy adults.
Miner, PB; Monyak, JT; Pisegna, JR; Sostek, MB, 2008)		0.79
"In this study, the influence of CYP2C19 on both the pharmacokinetics and dynamics in Caucasian subjects after single and repeated dosing has been investigated."( Effect of CYP2C19*2 and *17 mutations on pharmacodynamics and kinetics of proton pump inhibitors in Caucasians.
Franck, PF; Geus, WP; Hunfeld, NG; Kuipers, EJ; Mathot, RA; Mulder, PG; Touw, DJ; van Schaik, RH, 2008)		0.35
" *1/*2 genotype showed a significant acid-inhibitory effect after repeated dosing with L15 and O10."( Effect of CYP2C19*2 and *17 mutations on pharmacodynamics and kinetics of proton pump inhibitors in Caucasians.
Franck, PF; Geus, WP; Hunfeld, NG; Kuipers, EJ; Mathot, RA; Mulder, PG; Touw, DJ; van Schaik, RH, 2008)		0.35
"Proton pump inhibitors such as lansoprazole are used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but dosing guidelines for infants have not been determined."( Clinical response to 2 dosing regimens of lansoprazole in infants with gastroesophageal reflux.
Dhume, P; Khoshoo, V, 2008)		0.9
"Comparative studies of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have revealed that acid reflux is influenced by PPI treatment, formulations and dosing regimens."( Ninety-six-hour wireless oesophageal pH monitoring following proton pump inhibitor administration in NERD patients.
Brugnera, R; Calabrese, C; Di Febo, G; Gabusi, V; Gionchetti, P; Liguori, G; Rizzello, F; Straforini, G, 2008)		0.35
"Because of its unique pharmacokinetic properties, immediate-release omeprazole does not need to be dosed before a meal to control intragastric acidity."( Control of 24-hour intragastric acidity with morning dosing of immediate-release and delayed-release proton pump inhibitors in patients with GERD.
Bagin, RG; Ballard, ED; Gautille, TC; Howden, CW; Koch, FK, 2009)		0.35
"To compare the effects of prebreakfast dosing of immediate-release omeprazole 40 mg capsules, lansoprazole 30 mg capsules, and pantoprazole 40 mg tablets on 24-hour intragastric acidity."( Control of 24-hour intragastric acidity with morning dosing of immediate-release and delayed-release proton pump inhibitors in patients with GERD.
Bagin, RG; Ballard, ED; Gautille, TC; Howden, CW; Koch, FK, 2009)		0.57
"When dosed in the morning, immediate-release omeprazole provided significantly better control of 24-hour intragastric acidity than lansoprazole and pantoprazole."( Control of 24-hour intragastric acidity with morning dosing of immediate-release and delayed-release proton pump inhibitors in patients with GERD.
Bagin, RG; Ballard, ED; Gautille, TC; Howden, CW; Koch, FK, 2009)		0.56
" The dexlansoprazole plasma concentration-time profile following administration of dexlansoprazole MR was characterized by two distinct peaks and a prolonged drug exposure during the 24-h dosing interval."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a known active PPI with a novel Dual Delayed Release technology, dexlansoprazole MR: a combined analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
Atkinson, SN; Mulford, D; Vakily, M; Wu, J; Zhang, W, 2009)		1
" The presence of food or time of dosing relative to food may affect dexlansoprazole absorption."( Clinical trial: the effect and timing of food on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexlansoprazole MR, a novel Dual Delayed Release formulation of a proton pump inhibitor--evidence for dosing flexibility.
Atkinson, SN; Lee, RD; Mulford, D; Vakily, M; Wu, J, 2009)		0.8
"Non-standard dosing of currently marketed PPIs has produced incremental advances in acid control."( Review article: dual delayed release formulation of dexlansoprazole MR, a novel approach to overcome the limitations of conventional single release proton pump inhibitor therapy.
Dixit, T; Metz, DC; Mulford, D; Vakily, M, 2009)		0.6
"Patients with Barrett's oesophagus received open-label consecutive treatment (a 15-day period of once-daily dosing followed by a 10-day period of twice-daily dosing) with esomeprazole (40-mg capsules) and lansoprazole (30-mg capsules) in random order with no washouts."( Clinical trial: intragastric acid control in patients who have Barrett's oesophagus--comparison of once- and twice-daily regimens of esomeprazole and lansoprazole.
Barker, PN; Silberg, DG; Spechler, SJ, 2009)		0.74
" Breath samples were collected at 10-min intervals for 60 min after dosing with 100 mg [(13)C]-pantoprazole."( [13C]-pantoprazole breath test to predict CYP2C19 phenotype and efficacy of a proton pump inhibitor, lansoprazole.
Furuta, T; Hishida, A; Ikuma, M; Kodaira, C; Nishino, M; Sugimoto, M; Umemura, K; Watanabe, H; Yamade, M, 2009)		0.57
"The on-demand dosing regimen generated a wide range of drug exposure."( Linear and loglinear structural mean models to evaluate the benefits of an on-demand dosing regimen.
Baxter, G; Comté, L; Tousset, E; Vansteelandt, S; Vrijens, B, 2009)		0.35
" Twenty-four-hour electrocardiograms were obtained at baseline and during each dosing period."( Lack of electrocardiographic effect of dexlansoprazole MR, a novel modified-release formulation of the proton pump inhibitor dexlansoprazole, in healthy participants.
Atkinson, SN; Vakily, M; Wu, J, 2009)		0.62
"Formulation of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) into oral solid dosage forms is challenging because the drug molecules are acid-labile."( Delayed release film coating applications on oral solid dosage forms of proton pump inhibitors: case studies.
Fegely, K; Missaghi, S; Rajabi-Siahboomi, AR; Young, C, 2010)		0.36
"All dosage forms demonstrated excellent enteric protection in the acid phase, followed by rapid release in their respective buffer media."( Delayed release film coating applications on oral solid dosage forms of proton pump inhibitors: case studies.
Fegely, K; Missaghi, S; Rajabi-Siahboomi, AR; Young, C, 2010)		0.36
"5) for monolithic and multiparticulate dosage forms."( Delayed release film coating applications on oral solid dosage forms of proton pump inhibitors: case studies.
Fegely, K; Missaghi, S; Rajabi-Siahboomi, AR; Young, C, 2010)		0.36
" lansoprazole 15 mg, dosed before breakfast."( Omeprazole-Mg 20.6 mg is superior to lansoprazole 15 mg for control of gastric acid: a comparison of over-the-counter doses of proton pump inhibitors.
Erasala, GN; Gibb, RD; McKean, LA; McRorie, JW; Miner, PB; Ramsey, DL, 2010)		1.54
"To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexlansoprazole MR dosed before 4 different meal times."( The effect of time-of-day dosing on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexlansoprazole MR: evidence for dosing flexibility with a Dual Delayed Release proton pump inhibitor.
Atkinson, SN; Lee, RD; Mulford, D; Wu, J, 2010)		0.83
" There were no statistically significant differences in mean 24-h intragastric pH between dosing before dinner or an evening snack vs."( The effect of time-of-day dosing on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexlansoprazole MR: evidence for dosing flexibility with a Dual Delayed Release proton pump inhibitor.
Atkinson, SN; Lee, RD; Mulford, D; Wu, J, 2010)		0.59
"In this open-label, 3-way crossover study, 83 Hispanics with symptomatic GERD were randomized to 1 of 6 possible treatment sequences of three 5-7-day dosing periods with esomeprazole 40 mg, lansoprazole 30 mg and pantoprazole 40 mg daily separated by 10-17-day washout periods."( Clinical trial: gastric acid suppression in Hispanic adults with symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease - comparator study of esomeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole.
Barker, PN; Goldstein, JL; Illueca, M; Katz, PO; Morgan, D; Pandolfino, J, 2010)		0.75
" However, the PPI are different according to fast onset and duration of antisecretory action, pH-selectivity, metabolism, interactions with other medicines and dosage forms."( [How to choose correct proton pump inhibitors to patients with GERD?].
Bordin, DS, 2010)		0.36
" Dose-response experiments on the glycyl derivatives showed that at a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg, the compounds presented an effect comparable to the reference drug lansoprazole at 20 mg/kg and at 50 mg/kg reduced gastric lesions by about 50%."( Gastroprotective effect and cytotoxicity of labdeneamides with amino acids.
Rodríguez, JA; Schmeda-Hirschmann, G; Theoduloz, C; Valderrama, JA, 2011)		0.56
" We have determined a dosage regimen of lansoprazole that will provide EMs with exposure approximately equivalent to that obtained by PMs treated with standard doses and determined the exposure that a PM would experience if they were to be treated with this 'EM optimised' lansoprazole dose."( CYP2C19-guided design of a proton pump inhibitor dose regimen to avoid the need for pharmacogenetic individualization in H. pylori eradication.
Foster, DJ; Ward, MB, 2011)		0.64
" This extends plasma concentration and pharmacodynamic effects of dexlansoprazole MR beyond those of single-release PPIs and allows for dosing at any time of the day without regard to meals."( Dexlansoprazole MR for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Behm, BW; Peura, DA, 2011)		1.23
"15 healthy Japanese volunteers were dosed for 7 days in a four-way random crossover trial with 100 mg entero-coated type aspirin only once daily, 100 mg aspirin + 20 mg famotidine twice daily, 15 mg lansoprazole once daily, or 10 mg rabeprazole once daily."( Impact of acid inhibition on esophageal mucosal injury induced by low-dose aspirin.
Furuta, T; Ikuma, M; Kodaira, C; Nishino, M; Sugimoto, M; Uotani, T; Yamade, M, 2012)		0.57
" The incidence of esophageal mucosal injury was reduced however with concomitant dosing of aspirin and famotidine (26."( Impact of acid inhibition on esophageal mucosal injury induced by low-dose aspirin.
Furuta, T; Ikuma, M; Kodaira, C; Nishino, M; Sugimoto, M; Uotani, T; Yamade, M, 2012)		0.38
" Twenty-four-hour intragastric pH was continuously monitored on days 1 and 5 of each dosing period."( Inhibitory effects of intravenous lansoprazole 30 mg and pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily on intragastric acidity in healthy Chinese volunteers: a randomized, open-labeled, two-way crossover study.
Gao, J; Gao, S; Gong, YF; Guo, XR; Li, Z; Li, ZS; Liao, Z; Liu, P; Zhan, XB, 2012)		0.66
"Twenty-five volunteers completed the 2 dosing periods."( Inhibitory effects of intravenous lansoprazole 30 mg and pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily on intragastric acidity in healthy Chinese volunteers: a randomized, open-labeled, two-way crossover study.
Gao, J; Gao, S; Gong, YF; Guo, XR; Li, Z; Li, ZS; Liao, Z; Liu, P; Zhan, XB, 2012)		0.66
" Twice-daily dosage of proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and clarithromycin was more effective for eradication than once-daily dosage for resistant strains (50."( Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in children in Vietnam in relation to antibiotic resistance.
Bengtsson, C; Granström, M; Hoang, TT; Nguyen, GK; Nguyen, TV; Phung, DC; Sörberg, M; Yin, L, 2012)		0.38
" In other words, the microparticulate dosage form provided effective drug concentration for a longer period as compared to conventional extended release dosage form, and showed sufficient anti-acid secretion activity to treat acid related disorders including the enrichment of nocturnal acid breakthrough event based on a once daily administration."( A novel once daily microparticulate dosage form comprising lansoprazole to prevent nocturnal acid breakthrough in the case of gastro-esophageal reflux disease: preparation, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation.
Alai, M; Lin, WJ, 2013)		0.63
"Twice-daily dosing of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is used to treat Helicobacter pylori or acid-related diseases, such as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) refractory to standard dose of a PPI."( Twice-daily dosing of esomeprazole effectively inhibits acid secretion in CYP2C19 rapid metabolisers compared with twice-daily omeprazole, rabeprazole or lansoprazole.
Furuta, T; Ichikawa, H; Iwaizumi, M; Miyajima, H; Osawa, S; Sahara, S; Sugimoto, K; Sugimoto, M; Umemura, K; Uotani, T; Yamada, T; Yamade, M, 2013)		0.59
"To compare acid-inhibitory effects of the four PPIs dosed twice daily in relation to CYP2C19 genotype."( Twice-daily dosing of esomeprazole effectively inhibits acid secretion in CYP2C19 rapid metabolisers compared with twice-daily omeprazole, rabeprazole or lansoprazole.
Furuta, T; Ichikawa, H; Iwaizumi, M; Miyajima, H; Osawa, S; Sahara, S; Sugimoto, K; Sugimoto, M; Umemura, K; Uotani, T; Yamada, T; Yamade, M, 2013)		0.59
"In intermediate and rapid metabolisers of CYP2C19, PPIs dosed twice daily could attain sufficient acid suppression, while in CYP2C19 RMs, esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily caused the strongest inhibition of the four PPIs."( Twice-daily dosing of esomeprazole effectively inhibits acid secretion in CYP2C19 rapid metabolisers compared with twice-daily omeprazole, rabeprazole or lansoprazole.
Furuta, T; Ichikawa, H; Iwaizumi, M; Miyajima, H; Osawa, S; Sahara, S; Sugimoto, K; Sugimoto, M; Umemura, K; Uotani, T; Yamada, T; Yamade, M, 2013)		0.59
"Lansoprazole increased the mean metformin maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 24 h after the second dosing by 15 and 17 %, respectively (P < 0."( The effect of lansoprazole, an OCT inhibitor, on metformin pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects.
Chen, M; Ding, Y; Jia, Y; Li, Y; Lu, C; Song, Y; Wang, M; Wen, A, 2014)		2.21
"Using pH monitoring, we compared acid inhibition at standard dosage of omeprazole (20 mg, 50 times), lansoprazole (30 mg, 68 times), and rabeprazole (10 mg, 65 times) in Helicobacter pylori-negative healthy young Japanese volunteers."( Comparison of acid inhibition with standard dosages of proton pump inhibitors in relation to CYP2C19 genotype in Japanese.
Furuta, T; Ichikawa, H; Kagami, T; Kodaira, C; Nishino, M; Sahara, S; Shirai, N; Sugimoto, K; Sugimoto, M; Uotani, T, 2014)		0.62
" Examination of eradication rates according to CAM dosage revealed an eradication rate of 65."( Changes in the first line Helicobacter pylori eradication rates using the triple therapy-a multicenter study in the Tokyo metropolitan area (Tokyo Helicobacter pylori study group).
Asaoka, D; Ito, M; Kawai, T; Kawakami, K; Kurihara, N; Masaoaka, T; Matsuhisa, T; Mine, T; Mizuno, S; Nagahara, A; Nishizawa, T; Ohkusa, T; Omata, F; Sakaki, N; Sasaki, H; Suzuki, H; Suzuki, M; Takahashi, S; Tokunaga, K; Torii, A, 2014)		0.4
"It is necessary to show that the active content in the dosage form of drugs is within a certain narrow range of the label claim."( Application of (19)  F time-domain NMR to measure content in fluorine-containing drug products.
Cobas, C; Iglesias, I; Kook, AM; Li, L; Nagapudi, K; Peng, C; Silva Elipe, MV, 2016)		0.43
" Whether increasing the dosage of amoxicillin in a standard 7 days eradicating regimen may enhance its efficacy is not known."( High dose amoxicillin-based first line regimen is equivalent to sequential therapy in the eradication of H. pylori infection.
Franceschi, F; Gabrielli, M; Gasbarrini, A; Gasbarrini, G; Lopetuso, LR; Ojetti, V; Petruzziello, C; Scaldaferri, F; Tortora, A, 2016)		0.43
" There are the results of studies in which the known quantitative parameters of duodenal reflux in the duodenal ulcer patients were simulated to identify their influence on the disintegration of enterosoluble dosage forms and the bioavailability of proton pump inhibitors (in healthy volunteers, patients with gasritis, exacerbation and remission of peptic ulcer disease the pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole, intragastric pH-metry with floating capsule for teleradio-pH-metry were investigated, and in an in vitro study the dissolution tests of proton pump inhibitors with pH 3 and pH = 4 were made)."( [THE FEATURES OF SECRETION AND STOMACH MOTOR PROCESSES IN PATIENTS WITH DUODENAL ULCERS AS A CAUSE FOR REDUCING BIOAVAILABILITY OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS].
Prokofiev, AB; Serebrova, SY; Zhuravleva, MV, 2015)		0.58
"The high-amplitude oscillations of intragastric pH, observed during exacerbation of duodenal ulcer, can lead to an early disintegration of enteric-coated dosage form of proton pump inhibitors in the stomach, its destruction and decreased bioavailability."( [THE FEATURES OF SECRETION AND STOMACH MOTOR PROCESSES IN PATIENTS WITH DUODENAL ULCERS AS A CAUSE FOR REDUCING BIOAVAILABILITY OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS].
Prokofiev, AB; Serebrova, SY; Zhuravleva, MV, 2015)		0.42
" No clear dose-response pattern was observed."( Significant association between the use of different proton pump inhibitors and microscopic colitis: a nationwide Danish case-control study.
Bonderup, OK; Dall, M; Hallas, J; Nielsen, GL; Pottegård, A, 2018)		0.48
" The Genotype Tailored Treatment of Symptomatic Acid Reflux in Children with Uncontrolled Asthma (GenARA) study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine if genotype-tailored PPI dosing improves asthma symptoms among children with inadequately controlled asthma and GERD symptoms."( Genotype tailored treatment of mild symptomatic acid reflux in children with uncontrolled asthma (GenARA): Rationale and methods.
Blake, KV; Cobbaert, M; Fischer, BM; Franciosi, J; Hossain, MJ; Lang, JE; Lima, JJ; Mougey, EB; Schmidt, S; Tang, M, 2019)		0.51
" In contrast, patients in the SMRE group received extra short messages including dosage and time of administration twice daily."( Twice daily short-message-based re-education could improve Helicobacter pylori eradication rate in young population: A prospective randomized controlled study.
Ji, C; Li, L; Li, Y; Liu, J; Sun, Y; Wang, T; Yang, X; Zuo, X, 2019)		0.51
" For an "ideal PPI," achieving maximal absorption and sustaining pharmacodynamic effects through the 24-h dosing cycle are critical features."( Development of Dexlansoprazole Delayed-Release Capsules, a Dual Delayed-Release Proton Pump Inhibitor.
Grady, H; Kukulka, M; Mulford, D; Murakawa, Y, 2019)		0.85
"The dosage groups were set as follows: 30 mg single and multiple intravenous administrations of LPZ or R-LPZ, 40 mg single and multiple intravenous administrations of PPZ or S-PPZ."( Comparison of the gastric acid inhibition function among lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and their respective stereoisomers in healthy Chinese subjects
.
Jiao, HW; Li, YQ; Liu, Y; Shen, YW; Sun, LN; Wang, MF; Wang, YQ; Xie, LJ; Xu, YH; Yu, L; Zhang, HW; Zhang, XH, 2019)		0.76
"Introduction: On the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, there are six international non-proprietary names of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) - Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeprazole, Esomeprazole, Dexlansoprazole, which differ in a number of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, safety profile, range of dosage forms and their cost."( Qualimetric analysis of proton pump inhibitors in Ukraine.
Karimova, MM; Makarenko, OV; Masheiko, AM; Onul, NM, 2019)		0.71
"We developed and validated a simple, convenient and reproducible method for simultaneous estimation of six proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), omeprazole (OPZ), esomeprazole (EOPZ), lansoprazole (LPZ), pantoprazole (PPZ), rabeprazole (RPZ) and ilaprazole (IPZ) in pharmaceutical dosage forms by a single marker."( Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Six Proton-Pump Inhibitors with a Single Marker and Evaluation of Stability of Investigated Drugs in Polypropylene Syringes for Continuous Infusion Use.
Chen, F; Fang, B; He, X; Wang, S, 2020)		0.75
"The proposed method, which is selective, economical and accurate, was applied successfully for determination of the cited PPIs in their respective pharmaceutical dosage forms."( Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Six Proton-Pump Inhibitors with a Single Marker and Evaluation of Stability of Investigated Drugs in Polypropylene Syringes for Continuous Infusion Use.
Chen, F; Fang, B; He, X; Wang, S, 2020)		0.56
"A sensitive and selective method needs to be developed and validated for simultaneous determination of four drugs (amoxacillin, tinidazole, naproxen and lansoprazole), used for treating Helicobacter pylori infection, in their combined dosage forms."( RP-HPLC-DAD Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Determination of Lansoprazole, Tinidazole, Amoxicillin, and Naproxen in Their Raw Materials and Combined Dosage Form: DOE Approach for Optimization of the Proposed Method.
Hassib, ST; Mostafa, EA; Sharf, MG; Taha, EA, 2022)		1.15
"The method can be easily implemented in QC studies of the cited drugs in their dosage forms."( RP-HPLC-DAD Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Determination of Lansoprazole, Tinidazole, Amoxicillin, and Naproxen in Their Raw Materials and Combined Dosage Form: DOE Approach for Optimization of the Proposed Method.
Hassib, ST; Mostafa, EA; Sharf, MG; Taha, EA, 2022)		0.95
"Based on limited number of published non-inferiority RCTs, our analysis demonstrates that among patients with EE, vonoprazan 20 mg once-daily dosing achieves comparable and in those with severe EE, higher endoscopic healing rates as compared to lansoprazole 30 mg once-daily dosing."( Vonoprazan versus lansoprazole in erosive esophagitis - A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Adler, DG; Bapaye, J; Chandan, OC; Chandan, S; Deliwala, S; Dhindsa, B; Facciorusso, A; Kassab, LL; Mohan, BP; Ramai, D, 2023)		1.43
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitorAn EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that inhibits H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase, EC 3.6.3.10. Such compounds are also known as proton pump inhibitors.
anti-ulcer drugOne of various classes of drugs with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate peptic ulcer or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
benzimidazolesAn organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring.
pyridinesAny organonitrogen heterocyclic compound based on a pyridine skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
sulfoxideAn organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H).
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (2)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Lansoprazole Action Pathway1012
Lansoprazole Metabolism Pathway22

Protein Targets (128)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.84890.004023.8416100.0000AID485290
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency89.12510.044717.8581100.0000AID485294
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolaseGiardia intestinalisPotency18.71160.140911.194039.8107AID2451
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.53900.025120.237639.8107AID886; AID893
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.53900.025120.237639.8107AID886; AID893
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3AHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.98110.631035.7641100.0000AID504339
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.93960.177814.390939.8107AID2147
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency24.51660.007215.758889.3584AID1224835; AID588342
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.25890.100020.879379.4328AID588453
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.012610.691788.5700AID887
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency30.78980.141337.9142100.0000AID1490; AID2701
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency6.77540.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521; AID1159523
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.83860.004110.890331.5287AID493107; AID504467
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.58930.031637.5844354.8130AID743255
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.58930.35487.935539.8107AID624146
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.94970.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency16.08670.000714.592883.7951AID1259368; AID1259369
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.11320.180013.557439.8107AID1460; AID1468
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.68240.000221.22318,912.5098AID1259243; AID1259247; AID743035; AID743042; AID743054; AID743063
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1Plasmodium falciparum 3D7Potency12.58930.707912.194339.8107AID720542
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.15460.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.89610.00137.762544.6684AID914; AID915
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.12590.001318.074339.8107AID926; AID938
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.96010.000657.913322,387.1992AID1259377
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.66300.001022.650876.6163AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.60320.000417.946075.1148AID1346795
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency16.83360.531815.435837.6858AID504845
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.91530.01237.983543.2770AID1645841
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.44190.001310.157742.8575AID1259252; AID1259253; AID1259255
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency16.45650.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.83490.000817.505159.3239AID1159527; AID1159531
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.24340.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224819; AID1224821; AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1224849; AID1259401
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.00880.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982; AID1346985
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.64520.000229.305416,493.5996AID1259244; AID1259248; AID1259383; AID743069; AID743080; AID743091
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency14.46880.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.72870.00108.379861.1304AID1645840
ParkinHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.05960.819914.830644.6684AID720573
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2BHomo sapiens (human)Potency62.30320.707936.904389.1251AID504333
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency54.94100.001019.414170.9645AID743191
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.49380.023723.228263.5986AID743222
alpha-galactosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.01194.466818.391635.4813AID957
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.16660.035520.977089.1251AID504332; AID588344
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.13890.000723.06741,258.9301AID743085; AID743122
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.17660.001723.839378.1014AID743083
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.12540.10009.191631.6228AID1346983
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.10610.00207.533739.8107AID891
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.58930.036619.637650.1187AID1466; AID2242
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.03680.01262.451825.0177AID485313
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency95.283423.934123.934123.9341AID1967
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.67950.00255.840031.6228AID899
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.00636.904339.8107AID883
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.68760.001815.663839.8107AID894
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency37.93300.134610.395030.1313AID1347049
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency34.89370.354828.065989.1251AID504847
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.67950.006026.168889.1251AID488953
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency54.48270.000323.4451159.6830AID743065; AID743067
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency61.64480.042027.378961.6448AID743210
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.49270.00669.809418.4927AID1347050
ras-related protein Rab-9AHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.15140.00022.621531.4954AID485297
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.67950.168316.404067.0158AID720504
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.59430.000627.21521,122.0200AID743202; AID743219
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency20.85010.00798.23321,122.0200AID2546; AID2551
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.25890.004611.374133.4983AID624297
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency14.38180.005612.367736.1254AID624032
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency20.48390.031610.279239.8107AID884; AID885
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency51.60540.177824.735279.4328AID488949
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.05620.00106.000935.4813AID943
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.51990.891312.067628.1838AID1487
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.316212.765731.6228AID881
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency39.66490.001557.789015,848.9004AID1259244
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.46880.00339.158239.8107AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.46880.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency12.58933.548118.039535.4813AID1466
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency12.58933.548118.039535.4813AID1466
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency39.66490.001551.739315,848.9004AID1259244
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.09290.56239.398525.1189AID652106
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency33.93400.00638.235039.8107AID881; AID883
Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.38726.309615.344535.4813AID743286
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.46880.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.81840.011912.222168.7989AID588378
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency20.48391.000012.224831.6228AID885
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.46880.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency0.03380.060110.745337.9330AID485368
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Replicase polyprotein 1abBetacoronavirus England 1IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00403.43889.5100AID1640022
phosphoethanolamine/phosphocholine phosphatase isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.43400.11100.57690.9410AID1666
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.63154.45319.3000AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00000.20005.677410.0000AID1473741
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)51.00007.80008.25708.7140AID1342731
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)134.00000.11007.190310.0000AID1443980; AID1473738
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)39.81070.00480.78076.0000AID146855
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)39.81070.00480.81346.0000AID146855
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)62.80000.00022.318510.0000AID679462
Replicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2IC50 (µMol)0.99500.00022.45859.9600AID1640021
Cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)5.31480.00002.015110.0000AID625249
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00250.00250.11100.2615AID712328
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)50.00000.00002.800510.0000AID1210069
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)39.81070.00480.81346.0000AID146855
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)39.81070.00480.81346.0000AID146855
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1Mus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)94.00000.00601.625110.0000AID717846
Cytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.33670.00002.398310.0000AID625247
Fatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)87.90000.00772.46245.8000AID1195927; AID1195934; AID1195935
Fatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki3.50000.28003.44675.9000AID1195927; AID1858085
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)39.81070.00480.81346.0000AID146855
Cytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)50.00000.01202.53129.4700AID1210069
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)39.81070.00480.81346.0000AID146855
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)39.81070.00480.81346.0000AID146855
WD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)5.90000.22302.45625.9000AID1688549
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)5.90000.45002.30935.9000AID1688549
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)39.81070.00480.81346.0000AID146855
Cytosolic endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidaseHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)24.38004.47004.47004.4700AID1453445
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2Mus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)8.20001.50005.08758.2000AID717845
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)133.00002.41006.343310.0000AID1473739
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)14.40000.00401.966610.0000AID1873205
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (476)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
lipid metabolic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migrationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
prostate gland developmentPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of epithelial cell differentiationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine productionPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathwayPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell cyclePolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of growthPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
hepoxilin biosynthetic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
endocannabinoid signaling pathwayPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
cannabinoid biosynthetic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
lipoxin A4 biosynthetic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid metabolic processPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
lipid oxidationPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
lipoxygenase pathwayPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretionMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assemblyMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulationMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
citrulline metabolic processN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressureN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
arginine catabolic processN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide mediated signal transductionN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular permeabilityN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic processN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesisN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide metabolic processN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cellular response to hypoxiaN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
arginine metabolic processN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitinationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathwayBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretionBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagyInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT proteinInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-betaInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replicationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic processInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
defense response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine productionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
humoral immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independentHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergyHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
defense responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacteriumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiationHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class IbHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of the force of heart contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular sodium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
osmosensory signaling pathwaySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressureSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradientSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular potassium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic processSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion export across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of heart contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heart contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of striated muscle contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
relaxation of cardiac muscleSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to steroid hormone stimulusSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarizationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conductionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
response to glycosideSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular sodium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradientSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expressionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signalingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular potassium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ATP-dependent activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion export across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein transport into plasma membrane raftSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP metabolic processSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
relaxation of cardiac muscleSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarizationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conductionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion import across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expressionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cognitionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycleAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
suckling behaviorAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activation involved in immune responseAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of translationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular copper ion homeostasisAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
endocytosisAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activityAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Notch signaling pathwayAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
axonogenesisAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
learning or memoryAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
learningAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
mating behaviorAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
locomotory behaviorAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
axo-dendritic transportAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behaviorAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
visual learningAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expressionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycleAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
microglia developmentAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
axon midline choice point recognitionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron remodelingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite developmentAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of Wnt signaling pathwayAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organizationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
forebrain developmentAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection developmentAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine productionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta productionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 productionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor productionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathwayAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of multicellular organism growthAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron differentiationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic processAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycleAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of JNK cascadeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticityAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
collateral sprouting in absence of injuryAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory responseAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synapse structure or activityAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
synapse organizationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular process controlling balanceAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junctionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein metabolic processAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasisAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascadeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1Amyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potentialAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
NMDA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathwayAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmissionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolic mRNA polyadenylationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-betaAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynapse assemblyAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amyloid fibril formationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection maintenanceAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell migrationAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
central nervous system developmentAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycleATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid translocationATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
terpenoid transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of response to osmotic stressATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ceramide translocationATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of anion channel activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid transmembrane transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic detoxification by transmembrane export across the plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transportATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
coumarin metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
alkaloid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
alkaloid catabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of bindingCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylationCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cellular organofluorine metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of autophagyMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeleton organizationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
internal protein amino acid acetylationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
memoryMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
response to lead ionMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potentialMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
rRNA metabolic processMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
axonal transport of mitochondrionMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
central nervous system neuron developmentMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerizationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of microtubule polymerizationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of microtubule polymerizationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic microtubule organizationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projection developmentMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of superoxide anion generationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of chromosome organizationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of kinase activityMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
stress granule assemblyMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to heatMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to reactive oxygen speciesMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of axon extensionMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
microtubule polymerizationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticityMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular distribution of mitochondriaMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
generation of neuronsMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
synapse organizationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium-mediated signalingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
protein polymerizationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
axon developmentMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organizationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
plus-end-directed organelle transport along microtubuleMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial fissionMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial fissionMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiber organizationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
axonal transportMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to heatMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term synaptic depressionMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to synapseMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
neurofibrillary tangle assemblyMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrionMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localizationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tubulin deacetylationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of diacylglycerol kinase activityMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formationMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulusMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulusMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
urea metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
monocarboxylic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
amide metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylationCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular sodium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradientSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular potassium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion export across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of resting membrane potentialSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to steroid hormone stimulusSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conductionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
response to glycosideSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-betaSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection maintenanceSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
retina homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
lateral ventricle developmentSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
third ventricle developmentSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal-glial interaction involved in hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migrationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor cell maintenanceSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
motor behaviorSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane bounded cell projection organizationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular sodium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron projection developmentSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular potassium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
cell-substrate adhesionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ATP-dependent activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion export across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarizationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conductionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion import across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell migrationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic processCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion homeostasisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor recyclingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein kinase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neutral lipid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membrane organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behaviorAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to iron(II) ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of phospholipase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of glutamate secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle primingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transmembrane transporter activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of microtubule polymerizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
receptor internalizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein destabilizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to magnesium ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transporter activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharideAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of monooxygenase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to type II interferonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stressAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
SNARE complex assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of SNARE complex assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transportAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of macrophage activationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle endocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle transportAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory responseAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of serotonin uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to copper ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epinephrine stimulusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiber organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinoneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle recyclingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to cell peripheryAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynapse assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synapse organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of autophagyPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
megakaryocyte developmentPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathwayPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
autophagosome-lysosome fusionPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
vesicle-mediated cholesterol transportPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic processPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagosome assemblyPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic processPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
osteoblast differentiationFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
glandular epithelial cell developmentFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid biosynthetic processFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
ether lipid biosynthetic processFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
neutrophil differentiationFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
monocyte differentiationFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
mammary gland developmentFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
modulation by host of viral processFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interleukin-4Fatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
establishment of endothelial intestinal barrierFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic processFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear responseSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of the force of heart contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by nervous system processSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of muscle contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
amygdala developmentSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
olfactory cortex developmentSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
locomotionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of heart contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heart contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter uptakeSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular sodium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of striated muscle contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressureSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behaviorSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
visual learningSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradientSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
response to auditory stimulusSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potential propagationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstrictionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
L-ascorbic acid metabolic processSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular potassium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
response to nicotineSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory exploration behaviorSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
response to potassium ionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion export across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of striated muscle contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP metabolic processSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulseSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergicSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
relaxation of cardiac muscleSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to mechanical stimulusSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to steroid hormone stimulusSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle cell contractionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarizationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conductionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of calcium:sodium antiporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
response to glycosideSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contractionCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
organic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular sodium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular potassium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ATP-dependent activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion export across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarizationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of sodium ion export across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion import across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular sodium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradientSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular potassium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
sodium ion export across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
skeletal system developmentWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
gluconeogenesisWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gluconeogenesisWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of embryonic developmentWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell divisionWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tubulin deacetylationWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
visual learningHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
post-embryonic developmentHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
anterior/posterior pattern specificationHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
methylationHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expressionHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
embryonic hemopoiesisHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
exploration behaviorHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
response to potassium ionHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein modification processHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
T-helper 2 cell differentiationHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticityHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
spleen developmentHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
homeostasis of number of cells within a tissueHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarizationHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
definitive hemopoiesisHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulusHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formationHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwaySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
fertilizationSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradientSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
flagellated sperm motilitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular pHSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potentialSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of localization in cellSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion export across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular potassium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular sodium ion homeostasisSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
protein foldingCytosolic endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein deglycosylationCytosolic endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidaseHomo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor internalizationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA metabolic processAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
P-body assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
stress granule assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA transportAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
lipid transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
biotin transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
sphingolipid biosynthetic processBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
riboflavin transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
urate metabolic processBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
renal urate salt excretionBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular detoxificationBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (187)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
iron ion bindingPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase activityPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 8(S)-lipoxygenase activityPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase activityPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase activityPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
catalytic activityN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
dimethylargininase activityN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid bindingN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatase activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hormone bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase activator activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class II protein complex bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein-macromolecule adaptor activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activityAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
heparin bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
transition metal ion bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
receptor ligand activityAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
PTB domain bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase bindingAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activator activityAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylcholine floppase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylethanolamine flippase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
ceramide floppase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
floppase activityATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
cysteine-type endopeptidase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA guanylyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoestersReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
ISG15-specific peptidase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
5'-3' RNA helicase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
protein guanylyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 8,9 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
anandamide 14,15 epoxidase activityCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
single-stranded DNA bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
actin bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
microtubule bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
SH3 domain bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
protein-macromolecule adaptor activityMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
apolipoprotein bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
dynactin bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
Hsp90 protein bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
lipoprotein particle bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
histone-dependent DNA bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
microtubule lateral bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate bindingMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hormone bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase activator activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein-macromolecule adaptor activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
oxygen bindingCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activityCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid omega-1 hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase D inhibitor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
SNARE bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
actin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase inhibitor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
ferrous iron bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
kinesin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
Hsp70 protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
histone bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
tau protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phosphoprotein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dynein complex bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cuprous ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase activityPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase activityPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
[acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase activityFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
[acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase activityFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activityFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activityFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
(3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activityFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
(3R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activityFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
(3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activityFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acyl-[ACP] hydrolase activityFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
phosphopantetheine bindingFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
cadherin bindingFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydratase activityFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
(3R)-3-hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activityFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH) activityFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid synthase activityFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
steroid bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatase activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hormone bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
isomerase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate isomerase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 5,6-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase activator activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
protein-macromolecule adaptor activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase activator activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
protein-macromolecule adaptor activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
sodium channel regulator activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
methylated histone bindingWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
histone H3K4 methyltransferase activityWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
histone bindingWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
minor groove of adenine-thymine-rich DNA bindingHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
histone H3K4 methyltransferase activityHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
unmethylated CpG bindingHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
lysine-acetylated histone bindingHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein-cysteine methyltransferase activityHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
histone H3K4 monomethyltransferase activityHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
histone H3K4 trimethyltransferase activityHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
P-type sodium:potassium-exchanging transporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
kinase bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activityCytosolic endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidaseHomo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compoundsCytosolic endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidaseHomo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
bilirubin transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
biotin transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
riboflavin transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
sphingolipid transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (134)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
nucleusPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
cytoskeletonPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
adherens junctionPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
focal adhesionPolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
membranePolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomePolyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeN(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complexHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complexSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic densitySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
lateral plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
T-tubuleSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
axonSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
organelle membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
sperm flagellumSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
sarcolemmaSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
melanosomeSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor inner segment membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular vesicleSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
sarcolemmaSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complexSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
intercalated discSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
lateral plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
T-tubuleSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
organelle membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
sperm flagellumSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
sarcolemmaSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular vesicleSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope lumenAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial inner membraneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
early endosomeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumenAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
smooth endoplasmic reticulumAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi lumenAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi-associated vesicleAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated pitAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junctionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicleAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicleAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
axonAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
growth coneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule lumenAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junctionAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
endosome lumenAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network membraneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
ciliary rootletAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic spineAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaftAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
perikaryonAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
membrane raftAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
apical part of cellAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
synapseAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zoneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
spindle midzoneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
receptor complexAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
early endosomeAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
membrane raftAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAmyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-dependent translocase ABCB1Homo sapiens (human)
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membraneReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mitochondrionCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)
microtubuleMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
membraneMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeletonMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear speckMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
axonMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
growth coneMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
axolemmaMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear peripheryMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granuleMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
somatodendritic compartmentMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic spineMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
cell bodyMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
main axonMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
membrane raftMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
glial cell projectionMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
neurofibrillary tangleMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
axon cytoplasmMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
tubulin complexMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionMicrotubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor inner segmentSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
axonSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
organelle membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
synapseSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor inner segment membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
neuron to neuron synapseSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular vesicleSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complexSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3Homo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor inner segmentSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
lateral plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
cell projection membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
cell body membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
cell peripherySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte projectionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte end-footSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
neuron to neuron synapseSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complexSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGlutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cell cortexAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeletonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
inclusion bodyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
axonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
growth coneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
postsynapseAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiberAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
axon terminusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor outer segmentPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor inner segmentPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomePhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
autophagosomePhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolPhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePhosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 alphaHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
membraneFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
melanosomeFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
glycogen granuleFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmFatty acid synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
endosomeSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
caveolaSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
intercalated discSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
T-tubuleSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
organelle membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cell projectionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodySodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spineSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular vesicleSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complexSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
cell projectionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
sperm flagellumSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
melanosomeSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complexSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complexSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
NSL complexWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
MLL1/2 complexWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
MLL3/4 complexWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
Set1C/COMPASS complexWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
MLL1 complexWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindleWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
ATAC complexWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
histone acetyltransferase complexWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
histone methyltransferase complexWD repeat-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
nucleusHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
MLL1 complexHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
histone methyltransferase complexHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
sperm midpieceSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
photoreceptor cell ciliumSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
rod photoreceptor outer segmentSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complexSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
cell projectionSodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCytosolic endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidaseHomo sapiens (human)
fibrillar centerInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCanalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi networkAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complexAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (274)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347149Furin counterscreen qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347410qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library2019Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening.
AID1347168HepG2 cells viability qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347045Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347059CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347152Confirmatory screen NINDS AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347049Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347151Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347050Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347161Confirmatory screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347169Tertiary RLuc qRT-PCR qHTS assay for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347057CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347405qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347058CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID504836Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation2002The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16
Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID1347167Vero cells viability qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID588349qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID588378qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID1347153Confirmatory screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID425652Total body clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID717845Inhibition of mouse Ido2 transfected in HEK293T cells using L-tryptophan as substrate assessed as kynurenine formation after 45 mins by spectrophotometric analysis2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24
Identification of selective inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2.
AID524794Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum GB4 after 72 hrs by SYBR green assay2009Nature chemical biology, Oct, Volume: 5, Issue:10
Genetic mapping of targets mediating differential chemical phenotypes in Plasmodium falciparum.
AID631763Antiprotozoan activity against Trichomonas vaginalis GT3 trophozoites compound treated for 48 hrs measured after 48 hrs washout period2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 21, Issue:24
Antiprotozoal activity of proton-pump inhibitors.
AID476929Human intestinal absorption in po dosed human2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 45, Issue:3
Neural computational prediction of oral drug absorption based on CODES 2D descriptors.
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1688525Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells harboring MLL12020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 188Proton pump inhibitors selectively suppress MLL rearranged leukemia cells via disrupting MLL1-WDR5 protein-protein interaction.
AID146855In vitro evaluation for its ability to inhibit the Na+/K+ ATPase at pH 7.4.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-20, Volume: 35, Issue:6
(H+,K+)-ATPase inhibiting 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)sulfinyl]benzimidazoles. 4. A novel series of dimethoxypyridyl-substituted inhibitors with enhanced selectivity. The selection of pantoprazole as a clinical candidate.
AID588216FDA HLAED, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID311524Oral bioavailability in human2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24
Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
AID1688526Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 188Proton pump inhibitors selectively suppress MLL rearranged leukemia cells via disrupting MLL1-WDR5 protein-protein interaction.
AID631764Antiprotozoan activity against Giardia intestinalis IMSS:0989:1 trophozoites compound treated for 48 hrs measured after 48 hrs washout period2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 21, Issue:24
Antiprotozoal activity of proton-pump inhibitors.
AID215488Urease activity in wild type H pylori, CCUG 15818, at 100 uM1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-08, Volume: 38, Issue:25
Structure-activity relationship of omeprazole and analogues as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors.
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID28979Delta logD (logD6.5 - logD7.4)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID444050Fraction unbound in human plasma2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID588215FDA HLAED, alkaline phosphatase increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1858085Inhibition of human FASN enoyl reductase activity using crotonyl CoA as substrate assessed as inhibition of substrate hydrolysis measured every 1 min for 10 mins in the presence of NADPH by fluorescence based assay2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID1195942Inhibition of survival of wild-type FASN overexpressing human PANC1 cells after 10 to 14 days by crystal violet staining-based colony formation assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID1474167Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID444058Volume of distribution at steady state in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID631830Antiprotozoan activity against Entamoeba histolytica HM1-IMSS trophozoites compound treated for 48 hrs measured after 48 hrs washout period2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 21, Issue:24
Antiprotozoal activity of proton-pump inhibitors.
AID1858082Inhibition of FASN in human MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing FASN assessed as decrease in endogenous FFA level at IC50 concentration incubated for 72 hrs2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID1233386Cytotoxic activity against human fibroblasts assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 25, Issue:14
Gastroprotective activity of ent-beyerene derivatives in mice: Effects on gastric secretion, endogenous prostaglandins and non-protein sulfhydryls.
AID26312pKa value (pyridine)1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-20, Volume: 35, Issue:6
(H+,K+)-ATPase inhibiting 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)sulfinyl]benzimidazoles. 4. A novel series of dimethoxypyridyl-substituted inhibitors with enhanced selectivity. The selection of pantoprazole as a clinical candidate.
AID106806Inhibition of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) at 400 uM2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID29811Oral bioavailability in human2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1209972Inhibition of CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes using S-mephenytoin as substrate after 8 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 40, Issue:5
Identifying a selective substrate and inhibitor pair for the evaluation of CYP2J2 activity.
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID1858095Induction of DNA damage in human KTB34 cells assessed as inhibition of PARP-1 expression at IC50 concentration by Western blot analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID444057Fraction escaping hepatic elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1600080Inhibition of human recombinant IDE expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells using ATTO 655- Cys-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala-Glu-Asp-Trp as substrate at 100 uM preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins by spectro2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 179Identification of ebselen as a potent inhibitor of insulin degrading enzyme by a drug repurposing screening.
AID1233385Cytotoxic activity against human AGS cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 25, Issue:14
Gastroprotective activity of ent-beyerene derivatives in mice: Effects on gastric secretion, endogenous prostaglandins and non-protein sulfhydryls.
AID679462TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Digoxin transepithelial transport (basal to apical) (Digoxin: 5 uM) in Caco-2 cells2001Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Dec, Volume: 364, Issue:6
Interaction of omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole with P-glycoprotein.
AID712402Lipophilicity, log P of the compound2012ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-08, Volume: 3, Issue:11
Evaluation of [(11)C]N-Methyl Lansoprazole as a Radiopharmaceutical for PET Imaging of Tau Neurofibrillary Tangles.
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID588217FDA HLAED, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1210016Inhibition of CYP2C8 in human liver microsomes using paclitaxel as substrate after 8 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 40, Issue:5
Identifying a selective substrate and inhibitor pair for the evaluation of CYP2J2 activity.
AID444052Hepatic clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID524795Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum HB3 after 72 hrs by SYBR green assay2009Nature chemical biology, Oct, Volume: 5, Issue:10
Genetic mapping of targets mediating differential chemical phenotypes in Plasmodium falciparum.
AID28681Partition coefficient (logD6.5)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID540211Fraction unbound in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID478073Gastroprotective activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as reduction in HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions at 20 mg/kg, po dosed 50 mins before HCl/EtOH challenge measured after 1 hr relative to control2010Journal of natural products, Apr-23, Volume: 73, Issue:4
Gastroprotective effect of carnosic acid gamma-lactone derivatives.
AID540209Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1466548Inhibition of histamine-induced acid secretion in Jcl:SD rat gastric assessed as pH of gastric perfusate at 3 mg/kg, iv pretreated for 3 mins followed by histamine.2HCl treatment measured in early time point by glass electrode method (Rvb = 2 No_unit)2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 25, Issue:13
Identification of a novel fluoropyrrole derivative as a potassium-competitive acid blocker with long duration of action.
AID699540Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1195934Inhibition of FASN in human PANC1 cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]acetate incorporation preincubated for 4 hrs before [14C]acetate addition measured after 2 hrs by scintillation counting2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID1858091Induction of DNA damage in human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as increase in gamma-H2AX level measured after 72 hrs by Western blot analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID467613Volume of distribution at steady state in human2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data.
AID1306316Gastroprotective activity in Swiss albino mouse model of HCl/EtOH-induced ulcer assessed as lesion index at 20 mg/kg, po dosed 50 mins before HCl/EtOH challenge measured after 1 hr (Rvb = 37.7 +/- 4.3 millimeter)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 26, Issue:14
Gastroprotective effects of new diterpenoid derivatives from Azorella cuatrecasasii Mathias & Constance obtained using a β-cyclodextrin complex with microbial and chemical transformations.
AID1858080Inhibition of DNA repair activity in human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as inhibition of NHEJ activity measured every 12 hrs for 72 hrs by luciferase based host cell reactivation assay2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID1688523Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells harboring MLL1-AF42020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 188Proton pump inhibitors selectively suppress MLL rearranged leukemia cells via disrupting MLL1-WDR5 protein-protein interaction.
AID1172559Gastroprotective activity in mouse assessed as reduction in HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions at 10 mg/kg2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-24, Volume: 87Synthetic derivatives of aromatic abietane diterpenoids and their biological activities.
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1858090Induction of DNA damage in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as increase in gamma-H2AX level measured after 72 hrs by Western blot analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID215491Urease activity in H pylori, CCUG 15818, at 10 uM1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-08, Volume: 38, Issue:25
Structure-activity relationship of omeprazole and analogues as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors.
AID425653Renal clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID1195937Effect on FASN expression in human PANC1 cells at 12.5 to 200 uM after 30 mins by Western blot analysis2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID567091Drug absorption in human assessed as human intestinal absorption rate2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 46, Issue:1
Prediction of drug intestinal absorption by new linear and non-linear QSPR.
AID1195929Inhibition of survival of human PANC1 cells after 10 to 14 days by crystal violet staining-based colony formation assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID1473740Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID444053Renal clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID588218FDA HLAED, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID478076Cytotoxicity against human AGS cells after 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay2010Journal of natural products, Apr-23, Volume: 73, Issue:4
Gastroprotective effect of carnosic acid gamma-lactone derivatives.
AID717846Inhibition of mouse Ido1 transfected in HEK293T cells using L-tryptophan as substrate assessed as kynurenine formation after 45 mins by spectrophotometric analysis2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24
Identification of selective inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2.
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID478077Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay2010Journal of natural products, Apr-23, Volume: 73, Issue:4
Gastroprotective effect of carnosic acid gamma-lactone derivatives.
AID1195936Inhibition of desthiobiotinfluorophosphonate probe binding to FASN TE catalytic region in human PANC1 cells after 30 mins by Western blot analysis2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID23086pKa value of the compound (pyridine ring substitutions dependent)1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-08, Volume: 38, Issue:25
Structure-activity relationship of omeprazole and analogues as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors.
AID1195935Inhibition of FASN in human BxPC3 cells assessed as inhibition of [14C]acetate incorporation preincubated for 4 hrs before [14C]acetate addition measured after 2 hrs by scintillation counting2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID1209974Inhibition of CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes using midazolam as substrate after 8 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 40, Issue:5
Identifying a selective substrate and inhibitor pair for the evaluation of CYP2J2 activity.
AID588211Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID977599Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1858081Inhibition of DNA repair activity in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of NHEJ activity measured every 12 hrs for 72 hrs by luciferase based host cell reactivation assay2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID1858097Induction of DNA damage in human KTB22 cells assessed as increase in gamma-H2AX level at IC50 concentration by Western blot analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID1222793Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 41, Issue:5
Which metabolites circulate?
AID588213Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1195930Induction of apoptosis in human PANC1 cells assessed as cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments after 72 hrs by ELISA method2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID712328Binding affinity to heparin induced human Tau 441 at 50 pM to 500 nM after 30 mins2012ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-08, Volume: 3, Issue:11
Evaluation of [(11)C]N-Methyl Lansoprazole as a Radiopharmaceutical for PET Imaging of Tau Neurofibrillary Tangles.
AID588219FDA HLAED, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1858089Induction of DNA damage in human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as decrease in PARP-1 mRNA level at 2.5 to 10 uM incubated for 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID524792Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum D10 after 72 hrs by SYBR green assay2009Nature chemical biology, Oct, Volume: 5, Issue:10
Genetic mapping of targets mediating differential chemical phenotypes in Plasmodium falciparum.
AID540212Mean residence time in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID521220Inhibition of neurosphere proliferation of mouse neural precursor cells by MTT assay2007Nature chemical biology, May, Volume: 3, Issue:5
Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells.
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID444055Fraction absorbed in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1195932Effect on pH homeostasis in human BxPC3 cells assessed as change in intracellular pH at 12.5 to 100 uM after 72 hrs by pHrodo red dye-based fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID444056Fraction escaping gut-wall elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1195943Inhibition of survival of vector-transfected human PANC1 cells after 10 to 14 days by crystal violet staining-based colony formation assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID19845Relative retention time of the compound1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-08, Volume: 38, Issue:25
Structure-activity relationship of omeprazole and analogues as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors.
AID496819Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium falciparum2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID24888Half life at pH 7 is a measure of the rate by which the compound is converted to the active species1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-08, Volume: 38, Issue:25
Structure-activity relationship of omeprazole and analogues as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors.
AID588212Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID588214FDA HLAED, liver enzyme composite activity2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID679457TP_TRANSPORTER: transepithelial transport (basal to apical) in MDR1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells2001Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, Dec, Volume: 364, Issue:6
Interaction of omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole with P-glycoprotein.
AID1195931Induction of apoptosis in human BxPC3 cells assessed as PARP1 cleavage after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1858121Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-436 cells overexpressing FASN assessed as reduction in cell survival incubated for 72 hrs by methylene blue cell survival assay2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID1466561Inhibition of CYP450 (unknown origin)2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 25, Issue:13
Identification of a novel fluoropyrrole derivative as a potassium-competitive acid blocker with long duration of action.
AID1858096Induction of DNA damage in human KTB39 cells assessed as inhibition of PARP-1 expression at IC50 concentration by Western blot analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1858099Induction of DNA damage in human KTB39 cells assessed as increase in gamma-H2AX level at IC50 concentration by Western blot analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID524791Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 7G8 after 72 hrs by SYBR green assay2009Nature chemical biology, Oct, Volume: 5, Issue:10
Genetic mapping of targets mediating differential chemical phenotypes in Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1195927Inhibition of purified recombinant FASN TE activity (unknown origin) using 4-MUH as substrate preincubated for 30 mins before substrate addition measured after 1 hr by fluorescence assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID23084pKa value of the compound (benzimidazole ring substitutions dependent)1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-08, Volume: 38, Issue:25
Structure-activity relationship of omeprazole and analogues as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors.
AID1858094Induction of DNA damage in human KTB22 cells assessed as inhibition of PARP-1 expression at IC50 concentration by Western blot analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1873205Inhibition of human ABCG2 expressed in human HEK293 cells membrane vesicles mediated transport of 3[H]-MTX for 2 mins using [3H]-methotrexate as substrate by rapid filtration technique2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237Targeting breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2): Functional inhibitors and expression modulators.
AID25144t1/2 (pH 3)1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-20, Volume: 35, Issue:6
(H+,K+)-ATPase inhibiting 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)sulfinyl]benzimidazoles. 4. A novel series of dimethoxypyridyl-substituted inhibitors with enhanced selectivity. The selection of pantoprazole as a clinical candidate.
AID1466540Inhibition of histamine-induced acid secretion in dog heidenhain pouch at 3 mg/kg, po treated 1 day after and 1 to 48 hrs before histamine.2HCl treatment measured 30 mins post histamine challenge by titration method2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 25, Issue:13
Identification of a novel fluoropyrrole derivative as a potassium-competitive acid blocker with long duration of action.
AID1473738Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID478075Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 24 hrs by neutral red uptake assay2010Journal of natural products, Apr-23, Volume: 73, Issue:4
Gastroprotective effect of carnosic acid gamma-lactone derivatives.
AID1195941Induction of apoptosis in human BxPC3 cells in presence of 3.75 uM palmitate2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID78913In vitro evaluation for the inhibition of H+/K+ ATPase at pH < 3 in the gastric glands of isolated rabbit stomach.1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-20, Volume: 35, Issue:6
(H+,K+)-ATPase inhibiting 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)sulfinyl]benzimidazoles. 4. A novel series of dimethoxypyridyl-substituted inhibitors with enhanced selectivity. The selection of pantoprazole as a clinical candidate.
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1858083Induction of DNA damage in human MDA-MB-468 cells nucleus assessed as increase in gamma-H2AX punctate staining at 20 uM by DAPI staining based confocal microscopic imaging analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID310878Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 15, Issue:3
Recent advances in proton pump inhibitors and management of acid-peptic disorders.
AID1688524Antiproliferative activity against human MOLM-13 cells harboring MLL1-AF92020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 188Proton pump inhibitors selectively suppress MLL rearranged leukemia cells via disrupting MLL1-WDR5 protein-protein interaction.
AID717725Cytotoxicity against HEK293T cells assessed as decrease in cell viability at 25 uM after 24 hrs by trypan blue exclusion assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24
Identification of selective inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2.
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID675757Inhibition histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in Heidenhain-pouch dog at 1 mg/kg, po administered 1 tp 48 hrs prior histamine challenge measured for 3 consecutive 30 mins time period after compound dosing2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 55, Issue:9
Discovery of a novel pyrrole derivative 1-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methylmethanamine fumarate (TAK-438) as a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB).
AID24523t1/2 is the time taken for the conversion of nicotinamides to isothiazolopyridine at pH=7.01997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-31, Volume: 40, Issue:3
Nicotinamide derivatives as a new class of gastric H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors. 1. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-substituted 2-(benzhydryl- and benzylsulfinyl)nicotinamides.
AID1210017Inhibition of CYP2C9 in human liver microsomes using diclofenac as substrate after 8 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 40, Issue:5
Identifying a selective substrate and inhibitor pair for the evaluation of CYP2J2 activity.
AID1858086Induction of DNA damage in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of PARP-1 expression incubated for 72 hrs by Western blot analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1210014Inhibition of recombinant CYP2J2 (unknown origin)-mediated astemizole O-demethylation assessed as remaining activity at 30 uM after 5 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis relative to control2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 40, Issue:5
Identifying a selective substrate and inhibitor pair for the evaluation of CYP2J2 activity.
AID1453445Inhibition of recombinant human C-MYC/DDK-tagged ENGase expressed in HEK293T cells using heat inactivated bovine ribonuclease B as substrate pretreated for 15 mins followed by substrate addition after 90 mins by SDS-PAGE analysis2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13
Repurposing of Proton Pump Inhibitors as first identified small molecule inhibitors of endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) for the treatment of NGLY1 deficiency, a rare genetic disease.
AID1348173Anti-Trichomonas activity against Trichomonas vaginalis JT assessed as reduction in parasite growth after 24 hrs by haemocytometry2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 143Recent developments in anti-Trichomonas research: An update review.
AID540210Clearance in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1858084Induction of DNA damage in human MDA-MB-231 cells nucleus assessed as increase in gamma-H2AX punctate staining at 10 uM by DAPI staining based confocal microscopic imaging analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID1195940Cytotoxicity against human BxPC3 cells by MTT assay in presence of 3.75 uM palmitate2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID52790Inhibition of chymotrypsin at 250 uM2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID24522t1/2 is the time taken for the conversion of nicotinamides to isothiazolopyridine at pH=5.01997Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-31, Volume: 40, Issue:3
Nicotinamide derivatives as a new class of gastric H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors. 1. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-substituted 2-(benzhydryl- and benzylsulfinyl)nicotinamides.
AID1210013Inhibition of recombinant CYP2J2 (unknown origin)-mediated terfenadine hydroxylation assessed as remaining activity at 30 uM after 5 mins by LC-MS analysis relative to control2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 40, Issue:5
Identifying a selective substrate and inhibitor pair for the evaluation of CYP2J2 activity.
AID1688527Cytotoxicity against HUVEC cells2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 188Proton pump inhibitors selectively suppress MLL rearranged leukemia cells via disrupting MLL1-WDR5 protein-protein interaction.
AID1688549Inhibition of MLL1-WDR5 interaction in human MV4-11 cells assessed as reduction in MLL1 binding to WDR5 WIN site by 5-FAM probe based fluorescence polarization assay2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 188Proton pump inhibitors selectively suppress MLL rearranged leukemia cells via disrupting MLL1-WDR5 protein-protein interaction.
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1233382Gastroprotective activity in Swiss albino mouse model of HCl/EtOH-induced lesion assessed as inhibition of gastric lesions at 50 mg/kg, po dosed 50 mins before HCl/EtOH challenge and measured 1 hr post HCl/EtOH challenge2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 25, Issue:14
Gastroprotective activity of ent-beyerene derivatives in mice: Effects on gastric secretion, endogenous prostaglandins and non-protein sulfhydryls.
AID215494Urease activity was determined in wild type-H pylori, CCUG 15818, at a concentration of 1 uM1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-08, Volume: 38, Issue:25
Structure-activity relationship of omeprazole and analogues as Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors.
AID665472Inhibition of histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in heidenhain pouch dog at 1 mg/kg, po prestimulated with histamine 1 day before compound treatment and 1, 3, 6 and 24 hrs post compound treatment measured every 30 mins for 3 times2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 20, Issue:12
Discovery, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel pyrrole derivatives as highly selective potassium-competitive acid blockers.
AID699541Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1473741Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1443980Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in fall armyworm sf9 cell plasma membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in vesicle-associated [3H]-taurocholate transport preincubated for 10 mins prior to ATP addition measured after 15 mins in presence of [3H]-tauroch2010Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
AID717840Inhibition of mouse Tdo2 transfected in HEK293T cells using L-tryptophan as substrate assessed as kynurenine formation at 100 uM after 45 mins by spectrophotometric analysis relative to control2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 22, Issue:24
Identification of selective inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2.
AID25146t1/2 (pH 5)1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-20, Volume: 35, Issue:6
(H+,K+)-ATPase inhibiting 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)sulfinyl]benzimidazoles. 4. A novel series of dimethoxypyridyl-substituted inhibitors with enhanced selectivity. The selection of pantoprazole as a clinical candidate.
AID1466549Inhibition of histamine-induced acid secretion in Jcl:SD rat gastric assessed as increase in pH of gastric perfusate at 3 mg/kg, iv pretreated for 3 mins followed by histamine.2HCl treatment measured up to 5 hrs by glass electrode method2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 07-01, Volume: 25, Issue:13
Identification of a novel fluoropyrrole derivative as a potassium-competitive acid blocker with long duration of action.
AID467612Fraction unbound in human plasma2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data.
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID25148Half life at pH 7.41992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-20, Volume: 35, Issue:6
(H+,K+)-ATPase inhibiting 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)sulfinyl]benzimidazoles. 4. A novel series of dimethoxypyridyl-substituted inhibitors with enhanced selectivity. The selection of pantoprazole as a clinical candidate.
AID1195933Effect on pH homeostasis in human BxPC3 cells assessed as change in extracellular pH at 100 uM after 72 hrs by pH metry2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID1328524Gastroprotective activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as reduction in HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions at 20 mg/kg, po pretreated for 50 mins followed by HCl/EtOH challenge measured after 1 hr2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 12-01, Volume: 26, Issue:23
Gastroprotective activity of synthetic coumarins: Role of endogenous prostaglandins, nitric oxide, non-protein sulfhydryls and vanilloid receptors.
AID29361Dissociation constant (pKa)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID404304Effect on human MRP2-mediated estradiol-17-beta-glucuronide transport in Sf9 cells inverted membrane vesicles relative to control2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 51, Issue:11
Prediction and identification of drug interactions with the human ATP-binding cassette transporter multidrug-resistance associated protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2).
AID1165281Inhibition of human CYP2C19 at 10 uM2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-23, Volume: 57, Issue:20
Development of (E)-2-((1,4-dimethylpiperazin-2-ylidene)amino)-5-nitro-N-phenylbenzamide, ML336: Novel 2-amidinophenylbenzamides as potent inhibitors of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID524790Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 after 72 hrs by SYBR green assay2009Nature chemical biology, Oct, Volume: 5, Issue:10
Genetic mapping of targets mediating differential chemical phenotypes in Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1195928Inhibition of survival of human BxPC3 cells after 10 to 14 days by crystal violet staining-based colony formation assay2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-22, Volume: 58, Issue:2
Repositioning proton pump inhibitors as anticancer drugs by targeting the thioesterase domain of human fatty acid synthase.
AID1233384Gastroprotective activity in Swiss albino mouse model of HCl/EtOH-induced lesion assessed as inhibition of gastric lesions at 20 mg/kg, po dosed 50 mins before HCl/EtOH challenge and measured 1 hr post HCl/EtOH challenge2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 25, Issue:14
Gastroprotective activity of ent-beyerene derivatives in mice: Effects on gastric secretion, endogenous prostaglandins and non-protein sulfhydryls.
AID43581Inhibition of beta-lactamase at 100 uM2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID444051Total clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID26125pKa value (imidazole)1992Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-20, Volume: 35, Issue:6
(H+,K+)-ATPase inhibiting 2-[(2-pyridylmethyl)sulfinyl]benzimidazoles. 4. A novel series of dimethoxypyridyl-substituted inhibitors with enhanced selectivity. The selection of pantoprazole as a clinical candidate.
AID540213Half life in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID444054Oral bioavailability in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1209973Inhibition of CYP2D6 in human liver microsomes using dextromethorphan as substrate after 8 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 40, Issue:5
Identifying a selective substrate and inhibitor pair for the evaluation of CYP2J2 activity.
AID1474166Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1858087Induction of DNA damage in human MDA-MB-468 cells assessed as inhibition of PARP-1 expression incubated for 72 hrs by Western blot analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID1858088Induction of DNA damage in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as decrease in PARP-1 mRNA level at 2.5 to 10 uM incubated for 72 hrs by RT-PCR analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID1473739Inhibition of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID675752Inhibition of histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in pylorus-ligated Sprague-Dawley rat at 8 mg/kg, po measured after 3 hrs post histamine challenge2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 55, Issue:9
Discovery of a novel pyrrole derivative 1-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methylmethanamine fumarate (TAK-438) as a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB).
AID1306315Gastroprotective activity in Swiss albino mouse assessed as reduction in HCl/EtOH-induced gastric lesions at 20 mg/kg, po dosed 50 mins before HCl/EtOH challenge measured after 1 hr relative to control2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 26, Issue:14
Gastroprotective effects of new diterpenoid derivatives from Azorella cuatrecasasii Mathias & Constance obtained using a β-cyclodextrin complex with microbial and chemical transformations.
AID699539Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1858098Induction of DNA damage in human KTB34 cells assessed as increase in gamma-H2AX level at IC50 concentration by Western blot analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-27, Volume: 65, Issue:20
Therapeutic Activity of the Lansoprazole Metabolite 5-Hydroxy Lansoprazole Sulfide in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the Enoyl Reductase of Fatty Acid Synthase.
AID524796Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum W2 after 72 hrs by SYBR green assay2009Nature chemical biology, Oct, Volume: 5, Issue:10
Genetic mapping of targets mediating differential chemical phenotypes in Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1210069Inhibition of human recombinant CYP2J2 assessed as reduction in astemizole O-demethylation by LC-MS/MS method2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1210015Inhibition of CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes using phenacetin as substrate after 8 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 40, Issue:5
Identifying a selective substrate and inhibitor pair for the evaluation of CYP2J2 activity.
AID977602Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588460High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588460High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588460High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588461High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588461High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588461High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588459High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588459High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588459High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347411qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1224864HCS microscopy assay (F508del-CFTR)2016PloS one, , Volume: 11, Issue:10
Increasing the Endoplasmic Reticulum Pool of the F508del Allele of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Leads to Greater Folding Correction by Small Molecule Therapeutics.
AID1159550Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening2015Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (2,163)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19904 (0.18)18.7374
1990's521 (24.09)18.2507
2000's956 (44.20)29.6817
2010's559 (25.84)24.3611
2020's123 (5.69)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 125.28

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index125.28 (24.57)
Research Supply Index8.03 (2.92)
Research Growth Index6.91 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index232.92 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.01 (0.95)

This Compound (125.28)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials803 (35.20%)5.53%
Reviews253 (11.09%)6.00%
Case Studies226 (9.91%)4.05%
Observational5 (0.22%)0.25%
Other994 (43.58%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (235)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Role of Empiric Anti-reflux Therapy in Pediatric Otitis Media With Effusion - a Pilot Study [NCT01082029]Phase 465 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
A Phase I, Open-Label Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics and Relative Bioavailability of AZD4635 in Non-Smoking Healthy Male Subjects, With the Option to Assess Food Effect, pH Effect and Absolute Bioavailability [NCT03710434]Phase 121 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-11-01Completed
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of TAK-390MR (30 mg QD and 60 mg QD) Compared to Placebo in Maintenance of Healing in Subjects With Healed Erosive Esophagitis. [NCT00321737]Phase 3445 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-31Completed
A Monocentric, Open-label, Efficacy and Safety Evaluation Study of the Triple Therapy of 500 mg Levofloxacin, 1000 mg Amoxicillin and 30 mg Lansoprazole on Helicobacter Pylori Eradication in 60 Patients Infected With H. Pylori [NCT01131026]Phase 360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-06-30Completed
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TAK-390MR (60 mg Once- Daily [QD] and 90 mg QD) and an Active Comparator, Lansoprazole (30 mg QD) on Healing of Erosive Esophagitis [NCT00251693]Phase 32,038 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-12-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of Dexlansoprazole to Treat Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Lingual Tonsil Hypertrophy [NCT01328652]Phase 480 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-06-30Not yet recruiting
Prospective, Monocentric Study of Dexlansoprazole Absorption Preoperative and 6 and 12 Months After Proximal Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery and of the Incidence of Marginal Ulcers 6 and 12 Months After Surgery [NCT04423588]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-01-01Withdrawn(stopped due to No participants enrolled.)
A Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Investigate Dexlansoprazole for the Treatment of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux [NCT01317472]11 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-31Terminated(stopped due to Principal investigator left institution)
Phase 1, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dexlansoprazole 60 mg Delayed Release Capsules and Esomeprazole 40 mg Delayed Release Capsules on Bone Homeostasis in Healthy Postmenopausal Female Subjects [NCT01216293]Phase 1247 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-01-31Completed
Comparison of Nexium Versus Secretol in the Healing and Controlling of Symptoms in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease(GERD)Patients With Severe Erosive Esophagitis(EE). [NCT01129713]Phase 1/Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-05-31Recruiting
Oral Versus Intravenous Proton Pump Inhibitor Treatment in High-risk Bleeding Peptic Ulcers After Endoscopic Hemostasis: a Prospective Randomized Comparative Study [NCT01182597]Phase 3190 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-08-31Recruiting
Prevention of Recurrent Idiopathic Gastroduodenal Ulcer Bleeding: a Double-blind Randomized Trial [NCT01180179]Phase 4228 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-06-30Completed
A Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Center, Single-Dose, Two-Period Two-Part Crossover Study in Healthy Subjects to Compare the Bioavailability of Dexlansoprazole From Dexlansoprazole Delayed-Release Capsules 30 mg and 60 mg Manufactured by Takeda G [NCT03131895]Phase 1116 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-25Completed
Effectiveness of Physiologic Testing in PPI Non-Responders [NCT03202537]Early Phase 1240 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-01Completed
Evaluation of Effects, Safety, Viral Load and Antibody Level of Functional Food Dietary Supplement Containing Grape Products in Controlled, Randomized Study Using SARSCoV-2 RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients. [NCT05417997]Phase 371 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-05-29Completed
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Dexlansoprazole (60 mg QD) and an Active Comparator, Lansoprazole (30 mg QD) on Healing of Erosive Esophagitis, and Maintenance of Healing in Subjects With Healed Erosive Esophagitis With Dexlansopraz [NCT02873702]Phase 337 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-21Terminated(stopped due to Compound is not expected to change the current treatment practice or fill significant clinical need for patients in China over currently available EE agents.)
A New System for Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastroesophageal Refulx Diseases : Based on Endoscopy, pH Parameter, Impedence Parameter, High Resolution Manometry and Psychology [NCT03600974]200 participants (Anticipated)Observational2019-02-01Not yet recruiting
Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Cirrhotic Patients With Acute Variceal Bleeding [NCT05624229]Phase 4672 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-10-01Not yet recruiting
Comparison of Pharmacokinetics of Dipyridamole Administered as Aggrenox® (Dipyridamole Extended Release Plus Aspirin) Capsule Versus Dipyridamole Immediate Release Plus Aspirin Following Alteration of Stomach pH by the Prior Administration of a Proton-pum [NCT02251184]Phase 431 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-10-31Completed
A Randomized Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral TAK-438 20mg Compared to Lansoprazole 30mg Once- or Twice-Daily in the Treatment of Endoscopically Confirmed Gastric Ulcer Subjects With or Without Helicoba [NCT03050307]Phase 3234 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-17Completed
An Open-label Therapeutic Efficacy Study of Tirosint (Levothyroxine Sodium) Capsules in Thyroidectomized Patients Taking Proton Pump Inhibitors [NCT03094416]Phase 466 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-07-30Completed
An Open-label, Randomized, 4-treatment, 3-period, Crossover Interaction Study, Evaluating the Effect of Esomeprazole 40 mg, Omeprazole 80 mg or Lansoprazole 60 mg on the Pharmacodynamics and the Pharmacokinetics of Clopidogrel in Healthy Volunteers [NCT01147588]Phase 1149 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-05-31Completed
Double the Dose of Clopidogrel or Switch to Prasugrel to Antagonize Proton Pump Inhibitor Interaction. A Prospective, Mono-center, Placebo- and Active Treatment-controlled, Randomized, Cross Over Study. [NCT01175200]82 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-30Completed
Feasibility of Delivering Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery [NCT03859102]80 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-12-17Recruiting
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Dexlansoprazole MR (60 mg QD and 90 mg QD) Compared to Placebo in Maintenance of Healing in Subjects With Healed Erosive Esophagitis [NCT00255164]Phase 3451 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-01-31Completed
A Proof of Concept, Window Trial of the IMmunological Effects of AveLumab and Aspirin in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer [NCT03794596]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-09-30Withdrawn(stopped due to IP breach)
A Phase 3 Randomized Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Open-Label Dual Therapy With Oral Vonoprazan 20 mg or Double-Blind Triple Therapy With Oral Vonoprazan 20 mg Compared to Double-Blind Triple Therapy With Oral Lansoprazole 30 mg [NCT04167670]Phase 31,046 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-12-10Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Two Phase, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan 20 mg Compared to Lansoprazole 30 mg for Healing in Patients With Erosive Esophagitis and to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan [NCT04124926]Phase 31,027 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-10-28Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-controlled, Multi-center, Therapeutic Exploratory Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Standard Triple Therapy With Tegoprazan (by Dose) in H. Pylori Positive Patients [NCT05933031]Phase 2381 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-02-27Recruiting
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Triple Therapy With Tegoprazan, Amoxicillin, and Clarithromycin in H. Pylori Positive Patients [NCT03498456]Phase 3284 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-06-28Completed
Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing High Dose Amoxicillin Versus Tetracycline Based Quadruple Therapy as Second-line Treatment for Resistant Helicobacter Pylori Infection [NCT02175927]Phase 4312 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
Do Laryngeal Biopsy Findings Predict Treatment Response in Suspected Laryngopharyngeal Reflux [NCT00444145]Phase 438 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Rates of Concomitant Therapy and Tailored Therapy Based on 23S Ribosomal RNA Point Mutations Associated With Clarithromycin Resistance: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Study [NCT03130452]Phase 4280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-02-01Active, not recruiting
A Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Design, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Pharmacodynamics of Dexlansoprazole Delayed-Release Capsules in Infants Aged 1 to 11 Months With Acid-Related Diseases [NCT02442752]Phase 10 participants (Actual)Interventional2025-06-15Withdrawn(stopped due to Withdrawn: Business decision (no enrollment))
A Phase 1, Open-label, Randomized, Crossover Study to Assess the Drug-drug Interaction of Acid Reducing Agent(s) on the Pharmacokinetics of a Single Oral Dose of Lumicitabine (JNJ-64041575) in Healthy Adult Subjects [NCT03468777]Phase 118 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-06Terminated(stopped due to The study has been terminated due to pending data analysis)
A Phase 3 Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Dexlansoprazole (30 mg QD) Compared to Placebo on Heartburn Relief in Subjects With Symptomatic Nonerosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) [NCT02873689]Phase 3217 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-27Completed
A Randomized Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral TAK-438 20 mg Compared to Lansoprazole 30 mg Once- or Twice-Daily in the Treatment of Endoscopically Confirmed Duodenal Ulcer Subjects With or Without Helic [NCT03050359]Phase 3533 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-05Completed
A Randomized, Open Label, Parallel, Single and Multiple Doses Designed Clinical Study to Evaluate Comparative Pharmacokinetics (PK)-Pharmacodynamics (PD) After Oral Administration of Lansoprazole Capsules and Lansoprazole Enteric-coated Capsules in Health [NCT03488186]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-07-19Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Multiple Dose, Two-part Phase I Clinical Trial to Compare the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Safety/Tolerability of DWP14012 After Administrations of DWP14012 Alone and Combinations of DWP14012, Clarithromycin and Amoxici [NCT03487562]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-04-08Completed
A Single Center, Open Label, Randomized, Single-dose, Two-period, Two-way Cross-over Study to Compare the Rate and Extent of Absorption of DelanzoᵀᴹDR 60mg (Dexlansoprazole) Capsule With Dexilant® 60mg (Dexlansoprazole) Capsule in Healthy Pakistani Subjec [NCT04877834]Phase 160 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-09-18Completed
A Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Center, Single-Dose, Two-Period, Two-Part Crossover Study in Healthy Subjects to Compare the Bioavailability of Dexlansoprazole From Dexlansoprazole Delayed-Release Capsules 30 mg and 60 mg Manufactured by Takeda [NCT03801148]Phase 1122 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-01-10Completed
Evaluating Treatment Response in Laryngo-Pharyngeal Reflux [NCT01328392]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-05-31Withdrawn(stopped due to The sponsor did not fund the study.)
Comparative Open-label,Randomized, Fasting, Single Dose, Two-way Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Dexlansoprazole From Doxirazole 60 mg Capsules (Hikma Pharma,Egypt)and Dexilant 60 mg DR Capsules (Takeda Pharmaceuticals America Inc., USA) [NCT02529787]Phase 160 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-02-28Completed
Evaluation of Methods for the Determination of Chromogranin A in Routine Blood Samples [NCT01216267]200 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-06-30Completed
Comparative Recurrence Rate Investigation of Esomeprazole Versus Lansoprazole in Triple-Combination Therapy to Eradicate Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Pediatrics: Multicentre, Randomized, and Controlled Trials [NCT05861687]Phase 2/Phase 351 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-08-01Completed
Oral vs Intravenous Proton Pump Inhibitor（PPI） in Patients With Peptic Ulcer Bleeding After Successful Endoscopic Therapy- a Prospective Randomized Comparative Trial [NCT01123031]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-04-30Withdrawn(stopped due to The study was terminated and the PI has left the institution.)
Can Detection of Fragments of Cleaved E-cadherin in Tissue and/or Blood be of Value for Identifying and Monitoring Patients With PPI-responsive Heartburn? [NCT01149395]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-06-30Completed
Intraluminal Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Infection [NCT03124420]Phase 4100 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-28Completed
A Phase 1, Double-Blind, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Quadruple Therapy (Bismuth, Clarithromycin, and Amoxicillin) With TAK-438 Versus Quadruple Therapy With Lansoprazole [NCT02892409]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-05Completed
A Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel Design, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Dexlansoprazole Delayed Release Capsules in Pediatric Subjects Ages 1 to 11 Years Old With Symptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease [NCT01045096]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
Randomized, Crossover, Pharmacodynamic Study Comparing the Effects of Two Proton Pump Inhibitors [NCT01005719]Phase 363 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-09-30Completed
A Comparative Study of Lansoprazole and Mosapride for Functional Dyspepsia: Focus on Difference Between Epigastric Pain Syndrome and Postprandial Distress Syndrome [NCT00663897]Phase 4329 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Applying Proton Pump Inhibitor to Prevent and Treat Acute Fluctuating Hearing Loss in Patients With SLC26A4 Mutation [NCT00789061]Phase 2/Phase 3120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-08-31Recruiting
A Phase III, Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Trial of Fourteen Day Treatment With Lansoprazole 15 mg or 30 mg Once a Day in Frequent Nighttime Heartburn [NCT00701259]Phase 3852 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Completed
Novel Therapy Combining Regenerative Stimuli Immunomodulation to Preserve Beta Cell Function in New Onset Type 1 Diabetes [NCT00837759]Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Terminated(stopped due to Changes to study personnel.)
Effect of Proton Pump Inhibitor on Prevention of Tumor Bleeding in Patients Under Palliative Chemotherapy for Unresectable Gastric Cancer: a Randomized, Double Blind, and Placebo Controlled Multicenter Trial [NCT02150447]Phase 3394 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-06-30Terminated(stopped due to Low enroll rate)
A Phase 1 Clinical Trial to Evaluate Pharmacokinetics (PK), Pharmacodynamics (PD), and Safety in Healthy Chinese Adults After Multiple Intravenous Administration of Dexlansoprazole [NCT03120273]Phase 170 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-05-05Recruiting
Helicobacter Eradication to Prevent Ulcer Bleeding in Aspirin Users: a Large Simple Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT01506986]Phase 430,024 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-03-31Completed
Comparing the Efficacy and Impact on Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Reverse Hybrid Therapy and Concomitant Therapy in Helicobacter Pylori Eradication [NCT02646332]248 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Once-Daily Administration of TAK-438 20 mg Compared to Lansoprazole 30 mg in the Treatment of Subjects With Erosive Esophagitis [NCT02388724]Phase 3481 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-24Completed
Distribution of Helicobacter Pylori According to the Use of Proton Pump Inhibitor [NCT02449941]30 participants (Actual)Observational2014-03-31Completed
A Phase I, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo- and Positive-controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of Multiple Oral Doses of H008 (Carenoprazan Hydrochloride Tablets) in Healthy Volunteers [NCT05050188]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-06-24Completed
Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Amoxicillin and Metronidazole Based Bismuth-containing Quadruple Therapy With Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin Based Quadruple Therapy for First-line Helicobacter Pylori Eradication [NCT02175901]Phase 4215 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
The Effects of Gastro-esophageal Acid Suppression on Post-tonsillectomy Pain [NCT00472186]Phase 42 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-06-30Terminated(stopped due to Poor compliance with returning of logbooks by families. Two patients were enrolled. Only one returned the logbook and therefore not analyzed)
Prospective Study of the Effects of Helicobacter Pylori Eradication on Renal Functions and Proteinuria in Patients With Membranous Nephropathy [NCT00983034]70 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-03-31Completed
"Cardiac Transfer of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Circulation Techniques - Medicine Induced Hemodialysis on Vaccinated Immune Attacks" [NCT05711810]Phase 41 participants (Actual)Interventional2023-01-02Completed
Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Lansoprazole in Combination With Ecabet Sodium for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease [NCT01039558]30 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-12-31Completed
Comparison of Voice Therapy and Antireflex Therapy in the Treatment of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux-related Hoarseness: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial [NCT02530879]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Inability to recruit patients)
Visiting Staff, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [NCT03524833]Phase 420 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-05-07Completed
A Double Blind, Randomized, Active-controlled, Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of CJ-12420 in Patients With Gastric Ulcer [NCT02761512]Phase 3306 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-31Completed
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy on the Healing of Iatrogenic Gastric Ulcer After Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Gastric Neoplastic Lesions: a Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, and Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT00926809]Phase 4232 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-09-30Recruiting
"Effect of Orally Administered Two Successive Doses of PPIs and/ or H2RAs Without or With a Prokinetic Drug, on the Intragastric pH and Volume and Bile Refluxate in Adults Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery." [NCT02703896]Phase 41,920 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
The Effect of High Dose Citric on PPI (Proton Pump Inhibitors)Induced False Negative H. Pylori UBT Rates [NCT00825630]Phase 4123 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-11-30Completed
Comparing Dexlansoprazole With Double-dose Lansoprazole to Achieve Sustained Symptomatic Response in Overweight and Obesity Patients With Reflux Esophagitis in Los Angeles Grades A & B [NCT02759393]Phase 4200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-10-31Enrolling by invitation
A Study to Examine The Potential Effect Of Lansoprazole On The Pharmacokinetics Of Bosutinib When Administered Concomitantly To Healthy Subjects [NCT00952913]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-08-31Completed
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Dexlansoprazole MR (60 mg QD and 90 mg QD) Compared to Placebo on Symptom Relief in Subjects With Symptomatic Non-Erosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) [NCT00251758]Phase 3908 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-12-31Completed
A Phase 3 Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, Placebo Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of TAK-390MR (30 mg QD) Compared to Placebo on Relief of Nocturnal Heartburn in Subjects With Symptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (G [NCT00627016]Phase 3305 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Completed
A Study to Investigate the Preventive Effect of AG-1749 Against the Recurrence of Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers During Long-term Treatment With Nonsteroid Anti-inflammatory Drug [NCT00787254]Phase 3366 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-04-30Completed
A Comparison of High-dose Dual Therapy and Half-dose Clarithromycin-containing Bismuth Quadruple Therapy for H.P Eradication in Elderly Patients [NCT04101708]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-09-20Not yet recruiting
Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Parallel-Group Comparison of the Remission Rates of Once Daily Treatment With Esomeprazole 20mg and Lansoprazole 15mg for 6 Months in Patients Whose EE Has Been Healed. [NCT00644735]Phase 4750 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2002-12-31Completed
A Phase 3b Multicenter, Single-Blind Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg in Maintaining Control of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms in Subjects on Prior Twice Daily Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy [NCT00847808]Phase 3178 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
Phase IV Study of Comparison of the Efficacy for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Between the Patients Received Lansoprazole OD and Control Group Weaning From Mechanical Ventilator in Respiratory Care Center: a Randomized Control Trial [NCT00708149]Phase 4120 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
A Proof of Concept Window Trial of the IMmunological Effects of AveLumab and Aspirin in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer [NCT04188119]Phase 242 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-12-01Not yet recruiting
Effect of Antireflux Therapy on the Expression of Genes Known to be Important in Inflammation, Metaplasia and Neoplasia in Patients With GERD [NCT00624546]24 participants (Actual)Observational2009-01-31Terminated(stopped due to Expected recruitment numbers have not been achieved.)
A Phase III, Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Trial of 14 Day Treatment With Lansoprazole 15 mg Once a Day in Frequent Heartburn [NCT00390390]Phase 3576 participants Interventional2006-06-30Completed
The Occurrence of Peptic Ulcer Disease and Its Complications in Ischemic Heart Patients Taking Aspirin and Clopidogrel With or Without Co-prescription of Proton Pump Inhibitor [NCT00854776]300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-01-31Recruiting
Therapeutic Response to Lansoprazole Among Different Subgroups of Functional Dyspepsia: a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT01040455]Phase 430 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-31Terminated(stopped due to failure to recruit enough patients)
An Open-Label Trial of Dexlansoprazole 60mg for the Relief of Heartburn During the Fasting Month of Ramadan [NCT03079050]Phase 433 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-02-27Completed
Comparison of Daily Single Dose Triple and Conventional Triple Therapies for Helicobacter Pylori Infection [NCT02711176]Phase 4212 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-30Completed
Effect of Rabeprazole and Lansoprazole on Reflux Esophagitis in Relation to CYP2C19 Genotype Status: A Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Study [NCT01008696]Phase 4217 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
Combination Therapy With Sitagliptin (DPP 4 Inhibitor) and Lansoprazole (PPI) Inhibitor) to Restore Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes [NCT01155284]Phase 270 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Assessment of Lansoprazole 30 mg Bid in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Associated With Laryngitis [NCT00369265]Phase 418 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Pharmaceutical company purchased by another company and funding was terminated.)
A Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel Group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Dexlansoprazole Modified Release Capsules (30 mg and 60 mg) in Adolescents With Symptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease [NCT00847210]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-05-31Completed
Evaluation and Treatment of Reflux Disease in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Undergoing Radiation Therapy That Causes Significant Mucositis in the Reflux Field and Xerostomia [NCT00928161]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-11-30Withdrawn
Vonoprazan Study In Patients With Erosive Esophagitis to Evaluate Long-term Safety: A Study to Evaluate the Safety of Long-term Administration of Vonoprazan in Maintenance Treatment in Patients With Erosive Esophagitis (EE) [NCT02679508]Phase 4208 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-03-20Completed
An Open-Label, 2-Way Crossover Study of Steady-State Intragastric pH Control Comparing 2 Dosage Regimens of Esomeprazole and Lansoprazole in Barrett's Esophagus Patients [NCT00352261]Phase 480 participants Interventional2006-01-31Completed
A Phase III Randomized Trial of Three Antibiotic Regimens to Eradicate Helicobacter Pylori [NCT01061437]Phase 31,859 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
Genotype-tailored Treatment of Symptomatic Acid-Reflux in Children With Uncontrolled Asthma [NCT03015610]Phase 341 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-31Active, not recruiting
A Study to Investigate the Preventive Effect of AG-1749 Against the Recurrence of Gastric And Duodenal Ulcers During Long-Term Treatment With Low Dose Aspirin. [NCT00762359]Phase 3461 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Terminated(stopped due to AG-1749 superior to Gefarnate in ulcer prevention)
A Clinical Trial of Proton Pump Inhibitors to Treat Children With Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion [NCT00546117]16 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TAK-390MR (60 mg Once-daily [QD] and 90 mg QD) and an Active Comparator, Lansoprazole (30 mg QD) on Healing of Erosive Esophagitis [NCT00251719]Phase 32,054 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-12-31Completed
Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk of Hospitalization for Community-acquired Pneumonia: Replicated Cohort Studies With Meta-analysis [NCT02555852]4,238,504 participants (Actual)Observational2011-09-30Completed
Twice Daily Prevacid for the Treatment of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT00864396]Phase 159 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Lansoprazole 30 mg QD and Naproxen 500 mg BID Versus Celecoxib 200 mg QD in Risk Reduction of Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory-Associated Ulcers in Osteoarthritis Subjects Taki [NCT00175032]Phase 31,045 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-07-31Completed
Pharmacogenomics-Based Tailor-Made Strategy for Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori [NCT00149084]Phase 3296 participants Interventional2003-04-30Recruiting
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Dexlansoprazole MR (60 mg QD and 90 mg QD) Compared to Placebo in Maintenance of Healing in Subjects With Healed Erosive Esophagitis [NCT00255151]Phase 3451 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-01-31Completed
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Dexlansoprazole MR (60 mg Once-Daily (QD) and 90 mg QD) Compared to Placebo on Symptom Relief in Subjects With Symptomatic Non-Erosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) [NCT00251745]Phase 3908 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-12-31Completed
A Phase 3, Open-Label Study to Assess the Long-Term Safety of Dexlansoprazole MR (60 mg QD and 90 mg QD) [NCT00255190]Phase 3591 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-01-31Completed
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Dexlansoprazole MR (30 mg QD and 60 mg QD) Compared to Placebo on Symptom Relief in Subjects With Symptomatic Nonerosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) [NCT00321984]Phase 3947 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
The Relationship Between Gastroesophageal Reflux and Pediatric Rhinitis: Significance of Pale/Blue Colored Turbinate. A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02278081]Phase 498 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-01-31Not yet recruiting
Lansoprazole in Preterm Infants With Gastroesophageal Reflux [NCT01946971]Phase 1/Phase 212 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-09-30Completed
"A Screen and Treat Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Trial in 14-18 Years Old Adolescents Residing in Three Regions of Chile: Effectiveness and Microbiological-host Implications" [NCT05926804]500 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-08-02Recruiting
Prospective Randomized Comparison of the Effect of Frequent Oral Dosing Versus Constant IV Infusion of Proton Pump Inhibitor on Intragastric pH in Patients With Bleeding Ulcers [NCT00573924]66 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-02-28Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Double-simulation, Active Comparator-controlled, Parallel-group Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of X842 Capsules at Different Dosages in Patients With Reflux Esophagitis [NCT04531475]Phase 290 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-01-22Recruiting
Comparison of the Efficacy of Clarithromycin-based Triple Therapy for 14 Days Versus Sequential Therapy for 10 Days in the First Line Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Infection- A Multicenter Randomized Comparative Trial [NCT01607918]Phase 41,300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-02-29Recruiting
A Phase 2, Double-Blind, 12-Week, Multicenter Study to Assess the Safety and Effectiveness of Daily Oral Administration of Dexlansoprazole Delayed-Release Capsules in Pediatric Subjects Aged 2 to 11 Years With Symptomatic Nonerosive Gastroesophageal Reflu [NCT02616302]Phase 270 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-02-20Recruiting
Comparison of Dexlansoprazole-based Triple and Rabeprazole-based Triple Therapies for Helicobacter Pylori Infection [NCT02541786]Phase 4177 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-01-31Completed
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication With Berberine Hydrochloride, Lansoprazole, Amoxicillin and Bismuth Versus Clarithromycin Bismuth, Lansoprazole and Amoxicillin: A Randomized, Open-label, Non-inferiority, Phase Ⅳ Trial [NCT02633930]Phase 4566 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
Fourteen-Day Vonoprazan-Based Dual Therapy With Amoxicillin as First-Line Helicobacter Pylori Treatment in Comparison With Extended Sequential Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Taiwan [NCT06156085]Phase 4318 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-14Recruiting
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Rebamipide as an Adjuvant Regimen to Heal erosIve Reflux Esophagitis (REPAIR) [NCT02755753]Phase 4143 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Completed
A Multi-centred, Phase IV, Post-Marketing, Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study Comparing Esomeprazole Magnesium 40mg Once Daily Versus Lansoprazole 30 mg Twice Daily in Symptom Control of Subjects With Persistent Gastrooesophageal Reflux Disease W [NCT00637845]Phase 4248 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-06-30Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Double Dummy, Parallel-Group Efficacy Study Comparing 8 Weeks of Treatment With Esomeprazole Magnesium (40mg qd) to Lansoprazole (30mg qd) for the Healing of Erosive Esophagitis in Patients With Moderate or Severe [NCT00641602]Phase 41,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2002-12-31Completed
Does Intensive Acid Suppression Reduce Esophageal Inflammation and Recurrent Barrett's Esophagus Following Ablation?: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01093755]Phase 430 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-03-31Completed
[NCT00625274]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2004-06-30Completed
Response to Oral Lansoprazole of Inorganic Pyrophosphate Levels in Patients With Grönblad-Stranberg Disease (Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum) [NCT04660461]Phase 420 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-02-04Recruiting
Clinical Trial to Define the Effect of Perioperative H. Pylori Eradication With Antibiotic Treatment on Long Term Outcomes of Patients With Pseudomyxoma Peritonei of Appendiceal Origin Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery/Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemothe [NCT02387203]Phase 280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-01-31Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Open-Label, Comparative 3-Way Crossover Study of 24-Hour Intragastric pH Profile of Once Daily Oral Administration of Esomeprazole 40 mg, Lansoprazole 30 mg, and Pantoprazole 40 mg at Steady State in Hispanic Patients With Symptomatic GERD [NCT00410592]Phase 490 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-10-31Completed
A Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ilaprazole (5 mg QD, 20 mg QD and 40 mg QD) and an Active Comparator, Lansoprazole (30 mg QD) on Healing of Erosive Esophagitis. [NCT00471094]Phase 2831 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy for Mild to Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea [NCT00211614]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-31Withdrawn(stopped due to No enrollment.)
A Phase 1, Single- and Repeated-Dose, Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Safety of Lansoprazole in Infants With Clinically-Evident Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. [NCT00220818]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-01-31Completed
[NCT01481844]Phase 3101 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Completed
Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Children With Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura [NCT00467571]Phase 426 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-03-31Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Tegoprazan 25 mg for the Prevention of Peptic Ulcer Disease in Patients on Continuous Long-term Treatment With NSAIDs [NCT04840550]Phase 3390 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-05-07Recruiting
A Randomized, Open-label, 2x2 Crossover-design Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Characteristics After Oral Administration of AD-212-A or AD-2121 in Healthy Adult Volunteers [NCT06025773]Phase 124 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-09-08Not yet recruiting
A Relative Bioavailability Replicate Sprinkle Study of Lansoprazole 30 mg Delayed-Release Capsules Under Fasting Conditions [NCT01046253]Phase 150 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-01-31Completed
Open Label, Randomized, Two-treatment, Three-period, Three-sequence, Partial Replicate Oral Bioequivalence Study of Lansoprazole 30 mg DR Capsules of Dr.Reddy's Laboratories Limited, India Comparing With That of PREVACID® (Containing Lansoprazole) 30 mg D [NCT01270308]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-12-31Completed
Predictors of PPI Response in Eosinophilic Esophagitis [NCT01479231]Phase 1/Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-03-31Withdrawn(stopped due to Souces of funding have been terminated)
Effect of Prevacid on Prostaglandin Levels in the Gastric Mucosa of Patients With Stress Ulcer [NCT00239551]Phase 430 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-10-31Completed
A Comparison of Prevacid 30mg BID Plus Lifestyle Modifications Versus Lifestyle Modifications Alone for the Treatment of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) in Adults [NCT00274339]135 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-12-31Recruiting
[NCT00299845]Phase 40 participants (Actual)InterventionalWithdrawn
A Phase 2, Double-Blind, 36-Week, Multicenter Study to Assess the Safety and Effectiveness of Daily Oral Administration of Dexlansoprazole Delayed-Release Capsules for Healing of Erosive Esophagitis (EE) and Maintenance of Healed EE in Pediatric Subjects [NCT02615184]Phase 276 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-05-23Recruiting
Lansoprazole Disposition in Young Children With Cystic Fibrosis [NCT00458614]Phase 118 participants Interventional2006-06-30Completed
The Effect of Proton Pump Inhibition on Palpitations With no Apparent Cause. A Double Blinded Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT03273634]Phase 4150 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-20Completed
A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Phase III Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of LXI-15028 Compared to Lansoprazole in the Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer in Chinese Patients for up to 6 Weeks [NCT05010954]Phase 3400 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-10-18Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Lansoprazole in Patients With Reflux Disease. An Open, Single Arm, Long-term Study [NCT01135368]Phase 4506 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-06-30Completed
A Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label, 2-Period, Crossover Design Study to Assess the Effects of Multiple Oral Doses of Dexlansoprazole, Lansoprazole, Omeprazole or Esomeprazole on the Steady-State Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Clopidogrel in Healt [NCT00942175]Phase 1160 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-31Completed
Randomized Comparison of PPI Versus no PPI on Top of Standard Dose Clopidogrel Therapy in Patients Stratified Based on CYC2C19 Activity Via a Genetic Point of Care System. [NCT01512953]Phase 4522 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-01-31Recruiting
Comparison of the Efficacy of Levofloxacin-based Sequential Therapy and Triple Therapy as Second Line Therapy for Refractory Helicobacter Pylori Infection- A Multi-center Randomized Trial [NCT01537055]Phase 4600 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-02-29Recruiting
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Protocol to Compare the Efficacy of Lansoprazole to Ranitidine in Healing Pre-Existing and/or Preventing the Development of Gastroduodenal Stress Ulceration and Postoperative Bleeding in Patients Undergoing Elective [NCT00220909]Phase 440 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-09-30Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment slow)
Phase 4 Study, Assessing the Efficacy of Lansoprazole and Domperidone Combination on Intragastric and Intraesophageal Acidity [NCT02958046]Phase 412 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Completed
A Phase 1, Single- and Repeated-Dose, Randomized, Open-Label, Multi-center Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Safety of Lansoprazole in Neonates With Clinically-Evident Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. [NCT00174928]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-05-31Completed
A Phase 2, Open-Label Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Pharmacodynamics of Intravenous Lansoprazole to That of Oral Lansoprazole in Subjects With Erosive Esophagitis [NCT00175045]Phase 268 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-06-30Completed
Phase III: The Study of Acid Reflux in Children With Asthma [NCT00442013]Phase 4306 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
A Phase 3, Double-blind, Randomized, Active-controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Tegoprazan as Maintenance Therapy in Patients With Healed Erosive Esophagitis [NCT04022096]Phase 3351 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-06-18Completed
Fentanyl Administered Intraorally for Rapid Treatment of Orthopedic Pain in the ED [NCT00685295]Phase 1/Phase 260 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-08-31Completed
Use of Topical Budesonide in the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis, a Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT00638456]Phase 232 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-29Completed
Cardiac Safety Evaluation of Lansoprazole/Domperidone 30/30 mg Sustained Release Capsule Formulation [NCT03355170]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-01Withdrawn(stopped due to The sponsor decided to continue with a different design and a different protocol.)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Therapy ( Lansoprazole; Solutab) in the Management of Childhood Asthma [NCT00237068]Phase 4100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-03-31Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Open-Label, Comparative, Two-Treatment, Crossover Study of 24-hour Intragastric pH Profiles of Esomeprazole 40 mg and Lansoprazole 30 mg in Healthy Volunteer Subjects on Days 1 and 5 of Intravenous Treatment [NCT00230516]Phase 4100 participants Interventional2005-09-30Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double Dummy, Multicenter, Parallel Group Comparison Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of a Triple Therapy With TAK-438, Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin by Comparison With a Triple Therapy With AG-1749 (Lansoprazole [NCT01505127]Phase 3650 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
A Phase Ⅲ Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ilaprazole (20mg QD) in Adult Patients With Erosive Esophagitis [NCT01509261]Phase 3292 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-07-31Completed
The Effect of Dexilant Treatment on Esophageal Hypersensitivity in GERD Related Non Cardiac Chest Pain Patients [NCT01637571]Phase 40 participants (Actual)InterventionalWithdrawn(stopped due to Sponsor could not fund)
Levofloxacin-containing Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Treatment [NCT01667718]Phase 4161 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-31Completed
Helicobacter Pylori Treatment [NCT01668927]Phase 4424 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multinational, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy in Diminishing Insulin Requirements Utilizing Oral Cyclosporine With Oral Lansoprazole in Children and Adults With Existing Type 1 Diabetes Me [NCT01762657]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Study stopped prior to Patient Enrollment)
A Pilot Study - Lansoprazole in Preterm Infants With Gastroesophageal Reflux [NCT01778101]Phase 25 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
The Effect of Propolis and Nutritional Education in Patients With H. Pylori on Gastrointestinal Symptoms [NCT05259007]Phase 496 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-02-22Not yet recruiting
Effects of Lansoprazole on Sitagliptin Glucose-lowering Ability in Healthy Males [NCT01820104]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-03-31Completed
The Effectiveness and Risks of Treating People With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis With the Addition of Lansoprazole: a Randomised Placebo-controlled Multi-centre Clinical Trial [NCT04965298]Phase 3298 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-06-16Recruiting
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TAK-438 (20 mg Once-Daily) Compared to AG-1749 (30mg Once-Daily) in Patients With Erosive Esophagitis [NCT01452698]Phase 3409 participants (Actual)InterventionalCompleted
A Phase 1 Double-blind, Dose-escalation, Placebo-controlled Tolerance Study in Healthy Chinese Adults After Single Intravenous Administration of Dexlansoprazole [NCT03011125]Phase 128 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-01-31Completed
A Phase 1, Open-Label, Randomized, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Vonoprazan (20 mg) and Lansoprazole (30 mg) in Healthy Subjects [NCT04729101]Phase 144 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-28Completed
A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, AG-1749-controlled, Parallel-group, Comparison Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TAK-438 (10 mg or 20 mg, Orally, Once Daily) for the Prevention of Recurrent Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers During Lo [NCT01452763]Phase 3621 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Completed
A Phase 3, Multicenter, Single-blind, AG-1749-controlled, Parallel-group, Long-term Extension Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of TAK-438 (10 mg or 20 mg, Orally, Once Daily) for the Prevention of Recurrent Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers During Long- [NCT01456247]Phase 3439 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-03-31Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TAK-438 (10 mg or 20 mg Once-Daily) Compared to AG-1749 (15 mg Once-Daily) in a 24-week Maintenance Treatment in Patients With Healed Erosive Esophagitis (EE). [NCT01459367]Phase 3607 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Completed
Effect of Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonist (H2RA) and Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) on the Positivity Rates and Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). [NCT04834752]400,000 participants (Anticipated)Observational2021-05-01Not yet recruiting
A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Active-controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of DWP14012 in Prevention of NSAIDs Induced Peptic Ulcer [NCT04784910]Phase 3416 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-03-31Not yet recruiting
Long-Term Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Lansoprazole in the Treatment of Zollinger-Ellison and Other Acid Hypersecretors [NCT00204373]Phase 472 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-03-31Completed
Investigation of the Association Between Nasal Polyposis and Extraesophageal Reflux Disease [NCT00215787]20 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
The Possible Efficacy and Safety of Lansoprazole Co-administration With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Women With Breast Cancer [NCT04874935]Phase 366 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-06-10Completed
A Phase 1, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Relative Bioavailability, Effect of Food, and Gastric pH Modification on the Pharmacokinetics of MLN1117 in Healthy Subjects [NCT02625259]Phase 154 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-08Completed
A Relative Bioavailability Study of Lansoprazole 30 mg DR Capsules Under Fasting Conditions. [NCT01045967]Phase 156 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Active Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Fexuprazan for the Prevention or Control of Gastritis Symptoms in Patients on Treatment With Systemic Steroids (FEAST) [NCT05946135]Phase 470 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-07-31Not yet recruiting
Impact of Treatment With Protonic Pump Inhibitors After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms: Pilot Study [NCT04400136]Early Phase 145 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-07-01Not yet recruiting
Once Daily Dose Dexlansoprazole Levofloxacin Based Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication: A Randomized Controlled Study [NCT03087162]Phase 4180 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-01-01Completed
The Effect of Dietary Control Alone Versus Dietary Control Plus Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors to Treat Pediatric Hoarseness [NCT00637416]Phase 49 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Terminated(stopped due to Enrollment challenges)
A Multi-center, Double-Blind, Randomized, Active-controlled, Parallel-group, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of DWP14012 as Maintenance Therapy in Patients With Healed Erosive Esophagitis [NCT04341428]Phase 3406 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-07-02Recruiting
A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, AG-1749-controlled, Parallel-group, Comparison Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TAK-438 (10 mg or 20 mg, Orally, Once Daily) for the Prevention of Recurrent Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers During Lo [NCT01452750]Phase 3642 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Completed
A Phase 3, Multicenter, Single-blind, AG-1749-controlled, Parallel-group, Long-term Extension Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of TAK-438 (10 mg or 20 mg, Orally, Once Daily) for the Prevention of Recurrent Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers During Long- [NCT01456260]Phase 3406 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Completed
A Pilot Study Comparing Clinical Efficacy of One-Week Dual Delayed-Release Dexlansoprazole 60 mg and Esomeprazole 40 mg for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Grade A and B [NCT03128736]Phase 4175 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-04-01Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of Lansoprazole Microgranules Oral Suspension in Infants With Symptomatic Gastroesophageal Reflux [NCT00324974]Phase 3162 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
The Frequency of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Patients With Heartburn That is Refractory to Proton Pump Inhibitors [NCT01404832]Phase 4102 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Inadequate recruitment)
A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Active-controlled Phase 4 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Tegoprazan in Patients With Erosive Reflux Disease [NCT05267743]Phase 4218 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-02-16Completed
Takepron Intravenous 30 mg Specified Drug-use Survey [Hemostatic Effect/Rebleeding Rate] [NCT02151786]1,120 participants (Actual)Observational2007-01-31Completed
Takepron Capsules 15/ Orally Dispersing (OD) Tablets 15 Special Drug Use Surveillance Long-term Use Survey on the Prevention of Recurrence of Gastric/Duodenal Ulcer in Patients Receiving Low-dose Aspirin [NCT02099682]3,366 participants (Actual)Observational2010-08-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Parallel-group Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Once-Daily Administration of TAK-438 10 or 20 mg Compared to Lansoprazole 15 mg in the Maintenance Treatment of Subjects With Endoscopic Hea [NCT02388737]Phase 3703 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-04-01Completed
A Phase 2 Multicenter, 36-Week Study to Assess the Safety and Effectiveness of Daily Oral Administration of Dexlansoprazole Delayed-Release Capsules for Healing of Erosive Esophagitis and Maintenance of Healed Erosive Esophagitis and Relief of Heartburn, [NCT01642615]Phase 263 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Completed
A Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label, Single Center, Multiple-Dose, Two-Period, Crossover Study to Assess the Bioavailability, Safety, and Pharmacodynamics of Two 30 mg Dexlansoprazole Delayed-Release Orally Disintegrating Tablets Administered on the Tongue [NCT02064907]Phase 152 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Completed
A Phase 2 Open-Label, Multicenter, 4-Week Study to Assess the Safety and Effectiveness of Daily Oral Administration of Dexlansoprazole Delayed-Release Capsules for Relief of Heartburn, in Adolescent Subjects Aged 12 to 17 Years With Symptomatic Non-Erosiv [NCT01642602]Phase 2104 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-07-31Completed
Elucidation of Acid-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation [NCT00361972]Phase 2/Phase 317 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Terminated(stopped due to limited recruitment)
A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Parallel Group, Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of JP-1366 in Patients With Gastric Ulcer [NCT05448001]Phase 3328 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-08-15Not yet recruiting
A Phase 1, Single-Center, Open-Label, 2-Arm Parallel Group, Single-Dose Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Dexlansoprazole 30 mg and 60 mg Delayed-Release Capsules in Healthy Chinese Subjects [NCT03316976]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-11-22Completed
Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of BID Lansoprazole in Isolated Chronic Post Nasal Drip [NCT00335283]Phase 375 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Completed
The Evaluation of Effectiveness Between Empirical and Guided Therapy for Unexplained Non-Cardiac Chest Pain [NCT03319121]Phase 2/Phase 368 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-31Completed
[NCT02490449]356 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-12-31Enrolling by invitation
Phase I Study to Investigate Pharmacodynamics of CJ-12420 Compared to Dexlansoprazole With Evening Dosing [NCT03043521]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-05-13Completed
A Phase II Investigation of Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) in Combination With Radiation and an Immune Modulatory Cocktail in Patients With Cervical and Uterine Cancer (PRIMMO Trial) [NCT03192059]Phase 243 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-07-01Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double Blind, Multicenter, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Febuxostat 40 mg XR, 80 mg XR, 40 mg IR and 80 mg IR in Subjects With Gout [NCT02139046]Phase 31,790 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-04-30Completed
Multicentre, Prospective Study of First-line Antibiotic Therapy for Early-stage H. Pylori-Positive Gastric Pure (de Novo) Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma and Potential Predicting Factor for Treatment Outcome [NCT02388581]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-12-31Recruiting
A Relative Bioavailability Replicated Crossover Study of Lansoprazole 30 mg Delayed-Release Capsules Under Non-Fasting Conditions. [NCT01046084]Phase 150 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-08-31Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double Blind, Double-Dummy, Multicenter, Parallel Group Comparison Study to on Efficacy and Safety of Oral Once-Daily Administration of TAK-438 20 mg Comparing With AG-1749 in Patients With Duodenal Ulcer [NCT01452724]Phase 3372 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Completed
Do Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Increase Cardiovascular Risk? Effect of PPIs on Endothelial Function and ADMA. [NCT02022280]Phase 121 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-03-31Completed
An Open-Label Sensory Evaluation of Dexlansoprazole Delayed-Release Orally Disintegrating Tablets in Healthy Subjects : TAK-390MR(OD)_107 [NCT02096458]Phase 18 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Completed
The Efficacy and Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitor ( in Patients With Moderate Bleeding Risk and Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary: A Randomised, Open ,Compared With Control [NCT05820048]Phase 4300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-05-01Not yet recruiting
A Phase II Trial of Broad Spectrum Antibiotic Therapy for Early Stage, Non-progressive Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Without Adverse Prognostic Factors [NCT01279252]Phase 271 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-07-31Completed
Comparison of Prilosec OTC® Versus Prevacid ® for Gastric Acid Suppression [NCT00903448]Phase 440 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Completed
A Phase II, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Proof-of-Concept Trial to Assess Relief of Meal Induced Heartburn by a Combination of Lansoprazole 15 mg and Antacid Versus Lansoprazole 15 mg and Antacid (Calcium Carbonate and Magn [NCT01037452]Phase 2120 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-12-31Completed
Phase 1, Open-label, Partially Randomized, Parallel-group Study in Healthy Adult Subjects to Assess the Relative Bioavailability of Single-dose Simeprevir (SMV), Odalasvir (ODV), and AL-335 Administered as a Fixed-dose Combination (FDC) Compared With the [NCT03059303]Phase 172 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-02-20Terminated(stopped due to Decision to discontinue development of investigational Hep C treatment regimen JNJ-4178: 3 direct acting antivirals - AL-335, ODV & SMV.)
Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cells and Periodontitis [NCT01568944]18 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-03-31Completed
A Phase 1, Open-label, Randomized, 2-Way Crossover Study to Assess the Effects of Acid-Reducing Agent(s) on the Pharmacokinetics of a Single Oral Dose of JNJ-64417184 in Healthy Adult Participants [NCT04453189]Phase 114 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-07-20Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double Blind, Double-Dummy, Multicenter, Parallel Group Comparison Study to on Efficacy and Safety of Oral Once-Daily Administration of TAK-438 20 mg Comparing With AG-1749 in Patients With Gastric Ulcer. [NCT01452711]Phase 3482 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-11-30Completed
A Randomized Double-blind, Double Dummy, Active Comparator-controlled Dose-finding Study in Patients With Erosive Esophagitis Due to Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Los Angeles Grade C or D, and Patients With at Least Partial Symptom Response But [NCT05055128]Phase 2248 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-08-11Completed
Efficacy of Tegoprazan Based Bismuth Quadruple Therapy Compared With Bismuth Quadruple Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Randomized, Double-blind, Active-Controlled Study [NCT04674774]217 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-03-04Active, not recruiting
An Open-Label, 2-Period, Fixed Sequence Study to Evaluate the Effect of Lansoprazole on the Pharmacokinetics of Neratinib in Healthy Subjects [NCT02334501]Phase 115 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-31Completed
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of a Triple Therapy With CJ-12420, Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin in H. Pylori Positive Patients [NCT03317223]Phase 3350 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-17Completed
Pharmacokinetic Study of Lansoprazole Capsules in Healthy Chinese Volunteer [NCT03488173]Phase 142 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-04-23Completed
Comparison of the Efficiency of Two Different PPI Formula in Treatment of Atypical GERD Patients, a Randomized Study [NCT03418337]120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-08-01Recruiting
Confocal Endomicroscopy for Non-Erosive Reflux Disease Detection (CENERDD) [NCT02788591]5 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-08-31Terminated(stopped due to lack of accrual)
A Phase 2, Randomized, Double Blind, Multicenter, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Febuxostat 40 mg XR, 80 mg XR, 40 mg IR and 80 mg IR in Subjects With Gout and Moderate Renal Impairment [NCT02128490]Phase 2189 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Completed
Takepron Capsules 15/ Orally Dispersing（OD） Tablets 15 Special Drug Use Surveillance Long-term Use Survey on the Prevention of Recurrence of Gastric/Duodenal Ulcer in Patients Receiving Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs [NCT02099708]3,502 participants (Actual)Observational2010-10-31Completed
"Takepron Specified Drug-use Survey Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease With Dyspepsia Symptoms" [NCT01990339]14,965 participants (Actual)Observational2008-12-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 4 Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dexlansoprazole 60 mg QD and 60 mg BID on Recurrence of Intestinal Metaplasia in Subjects Who Have Achieved Complete Eradication of Barrett's Esophagus With Radiofrequency Ablation [NCT02162758]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Business Decisions; No Safety Concerns)
A Phase 4, Open-Label Study in Patients From Asia With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Treated With Dexlansoprazole [NCT02351960]Phase 4296 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-19Completed
A Single Ascending Dose and Relative Bioavailability Study of LY2940680 in Healthy Subjects [NCT01681186]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Completed
Lansoprazole Intravenous 30 mg Specified Drug-use Survey [Acute Stress Ulcer and Acute Gastric Mucosal Lesions] [NCT02170207]63 participants (Actual)Observational2007-01-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00204373 (2) [back to overview]Long-term Medical(Non-surgical)Control of Gastric Acid Production Assessed From Time of Study Enrollment, up to 240 Months Post Enrollment.
NCT00204373 (2) [back to overview]The Median Survival From the Time of Diagnosis.
NCT00215787 (1) [back to overview]Presence of Reflux in Patients With Polyposis
NCT00251693 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis (EE) by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.
NCT00251693 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With Baseline Erosive Esophagitis Grade C or D Combined Who Have Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.
NCT00251693 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With Baseline Erosive Esophagitis Grade C or D Combined Who Have Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method.
NCT00251693 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 4 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analyses.
NCT00251693 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 4 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method.
NCT00251693 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method.
NCT00251719 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 4 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method
NCT00251719 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 4 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.
NCT00251719 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method
NCT00251719 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With Baseline Erosive Esophagitis Grade C or D Combined Who Have Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.
NCT00251719 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With Baseline Erosive Esophagitis Grade C or D Combined Who Have Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method.
NCT00251719 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.
NCT00251745 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Mean
NCT00251745 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Median
NCT00251745 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Mean
NCT00251745 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Median
NCT00251758 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Median
NCT00251758 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Mean
NCT00251758 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Median
NCT00251758 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Mean
NCT00255151 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Who Maintained Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method
NCT00255151 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Who Maintained Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.
NCT00255151 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Median.
NCT00255151 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Mean.
NCT00255151 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Daytime or Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Median.
NCT00255151 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Daytime or Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Mean.
NCT00255164 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Median.
NCT00255164 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Who Maintained Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method
NCT00255164 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Who Maintained Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.
NCT00255164 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Daytime or Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Mean.
NCT00255164 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Daytime or Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Median.
NCT00255164 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Mean.
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Total Bilirubin Values
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Aspartate Aminotransferase Values
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for White Blood Cell Count Values
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Systolic Blood Pressure
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Serum Gastrin Levels
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 3 for PAGI-SYM Total Score
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Changes From Baseline to Final Visit in Antrum Biopsy Results
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Red Blood Cell Count Values
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Pulse Rate
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Platelet Count Values
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for PAGI-SYM Total Score
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for PAGI-QOL Total Score
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration Values
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 9 for PAGI-SYM Total Score
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Hemoglobin Values
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Hematocrit Values
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Diastolic Blood Pressure
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Creatinine Values
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Calcium Values
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 9 for PAGI-QOL Total Score
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Blood Urea Nitrogen Values
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Changes From Baseline to Final Visit in Fundus Biopsy Results
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Alkaline Phosphatase Values
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Alanine Aminotransferase Values
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 1 for PAGI-SYM Total Score
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 1 for PAGI-QOL Total Score
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 6 for PAGI-SYM Total Score
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 6 for PAGI-QOL Total Score
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 3 for PAGI-QOL Total Score
NCT00255190 (30) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Inorganic Phosphorus Values
NCT00321737 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Daytime or Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Median.
NCT00321737 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Mean.
NCT00321737 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Median.
NCT00321737 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Who Maintained Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.
NCT00321737 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Subjects Who Maintained Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method
NCT00321737 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Daytime or Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Mean.
NCT00321984 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Median
NCT00321984 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Mean
NCT00321984 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Median
NCT00321984 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Mean
NCT00335283 (4) [back to overview]Rhinosinusitis Outcome Measure(RSOM-31)
NCT00335283 (4) [back to overview]Quality of Life Questionnaire (QOLRAD)
NCT00335283 (4) [back to overview]Post Nasal Drainage Symptom Response
NCT00335283 (4) [back to overview]Sino Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20)
NCT00361972 (2) [back to overview]Log Change in Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Measurement
NCT00361972 (2) [back to overview]Change in Lymphocyte Count
NCT00442013 (6) [back to overview]Rate of Episodes of Poor Asthma Control (EPAC)
NCT00442013 (6) [back to overview]Pre-bronchodilator Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)
NCT00442013 (6) [back to overview]Change in Juniper Asthma Control Score (ACS)
NCT00442013 (6) [back to overview]Asthma-specific Quality of Life
NCT00442013 (6) [back to overview]Asthma Symptom Utility Index (ASUI)
NCT00442013 (6) [back to overview]Airways Reactivity (Assessed by Methacholine PC20)
NCT00444145 (1) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Dilation of Intracellular Spaces 3 Months After Therapy
NCT00546117 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With at Least 1 Symptoms of Reflux in the Past Week, Assessed by the Reflux Symptom Questionnaire
NCT00546117 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Normal Type A Tympanometry
NCT00546117 (5) [back to overview]Acoustic Reflectometry: Level of Risk as Defined by Manufacturer
NCT00546117 (5) [back to overview]Absence of Middle Ear Fluid by Pneumatic Otoscopy, Right Ear
NCT00546117 (5) [back to overview]Absence of Middle Ear Fluid by Pneumatic Otoscopy, LeftEar
NCT00627016 (3) [back to overview]Median Percentage of Nights Without Heartburn Over 4 Weeks as Assessed by Daily Diary.
NCT00627016 (3) [back to overview]Percent of Subjects With Relief of Night Time Heartburn Over the Last 7 Days of Treatment as Assessed by Daily Diary.
NCT00627016 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Relief of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Associated Sleep Disturbances Over the Last 7 Days of Treatment as Assessed by Daily Diary.
NCT00638456 (3) [back to overview]Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Score
NCT00638456 (3) [back to overview]Symptom Score
NCT00638456 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Improvement of Espohageal Eosinophilia
NCT00685295 (3) [back to overview]Time to Analgesia
NCT00685295 (3) [back to overview]Pain Reduction
NCT00685295 (3) [back to overview]Occurrence of Untoward Opioid Side Effects
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Gastric Ulcer and/or Duodenal Ulcer
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Gastric or Duodenal Ulcer or Gastric or Duodenal Hemorrhagic Lesion (Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 12)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 3)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 6)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 9)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 12)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 3)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 6)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 9)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)
NCT00762359 (46) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Gastric or Duodenal Ulcer or Gastric or Duodenal Hemorrhagic Lesion (Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Gastric Ulcer and/or Duodenal Ulcer
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 18)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 12)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 18)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 24)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 3)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 6)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 12)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 24)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 3)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 6)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)
NCT00787254 (48) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)
NCT00825630 (1) [back to overview]Urea Breath Test Result (DOB > 5 is Positive)After Different Time Periods From When PPI (Proton Pump Inhibitor) Was Stopped.
NCT00837759 (6) [back to overview]Change in Anti-IA2 Titer
NCT00837759 (6) [back to overview]Change in ZnT8 Autoantibody Titer
NCT00837759 (6) [back to overview]Glycemia Control (Change in HbA1c Level)
NCT00837759 (6) [back to overview]Change in Insulin Dose
NCT00837759 (6) [back to overview]Change in Anti-GAD Autoantibody Titers
NCT00837759 (6) [back to overview]Change in C-peptide
NCT00847210 (8) [back to overview]AUC(0-tlqc): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration Pharmacokinetic Parameter.
NCT00847210 (8) [back to overview]Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration Pharmacokinetic Parameter.
NCT00847210 (8) [back to overview]Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (λz) Pharmacokinetic Parameter.
NCT00847210 (8) [back to overview]Terminal Phase Elimination Half-life (T1/2) Pharmacokinetic Parameter.
NCT00847210 (8) [back to overview]Tmax: Time to Reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) Pharmacokinetic Parameter
NCT00847210 (8) [back to overview]Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) Pharmacokinetic Parameter.
NCT00847210 (8) [back to overview]AUC(0-24): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to 24 Hours Postdose Pharmacokinetic Parameter.
NCT00847210 (8) [back to overview]Oral Clearance (CL/F) Pharmacokinetic Parameter.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QOL) - Clothing Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Bloating Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Fullness/Early Satiety Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Heartburn/Regurgitation Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Proportion of Participants Who Remain Well Controlled After Switching From Their Current Twice-daily Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy to Dexlansoprazole MR.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Lower Abdominal Pain Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Nausea/Vomiting Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Total Score in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Upper Abdominal Pain Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QOL) - Daily Activities Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QOL) - Diet and Food Habits Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QOL) - Psychological Well-being Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QOL) - Total Score in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.
NCT00847808 (14) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QOL) - Relationship Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.
NCT00903448 (1) [back to overview]Mean Percent Time That Gastric pH > 4.0 on Day 5
NCT00942175 (5) [back to overview]Pharmacodynamic Parameter Platelet Reactivity Index (PRI) From Vasodilator-stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) Phosphorylation State (Flow Cytometry).
NCT00942175 (5) [back to overview]Pharmacodynamic Parameter MPA From Aggregometry (Turbidimetric) With 20 µM Adenosine Diphosphate.
NCT00942175 (5) [back to overview]Pharmacodynamic Parameter Maximum Platelet Aggregation (MPA) From Aggregometry (Turbidimetric) With 5 µM Adenosine Diphosphate.
NCT00942175 (5) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetic Parameter Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Clopidogrel's Active Metabolite.
NCT00942175 (5) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetic Parameter Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC[0-tlqc]) of Clopidogrel's Active Metabolite.
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants Maintaining Intragastric pH > 3.5 for at Least 12 Hours on Day 1
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Median 24-hr Intragastric pH on Day 7
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants Maintaining Intragastric pH > 4 for at Least 12 Hours on Day 1
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Intragastric pH >3.5 for More Than 50% of the Time on Day 7
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Intragastric pH >4 for More Than 50% of the Time on Day 7
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Time Intragastric is pH >4 Over 24-hour Period on Day 7
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Time to Achieve Sustained Advantage Over No Treatment During the First 4 Hours After Dosing
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]The Difference in the Onset of Action Based on Median pH Values Between the Two Active Treatments Compared to No Treatment on Day 1 and Day 7
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Median Time to Achieve Intragastric pH > = 3.5 for a 10-Minute Period
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Achievement of Sustained Difference in Inhibition of Intragastric Acidity Based on Median pH Values Between the Two Active Study Treatments at Steady-state on Day 7
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Time Intragastric pH >3.5 Over 24-hour Period on Day 7
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Achievement of Sustained Difference in Inhibition of Intragastric Acidity Based on Median pH Values Between the Two Active Study Treatments at Steady-state on Day 1
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Time to Onset of Inhibition of Acid Secretion on Day 1
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Time Intragastric pH >4 During the First 4 Hours on Day 1
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Time Intragastric pH >4 Over the Nocturnal Period on Day 1
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Time to Achieve Sustained Intragastric pH > 3.5 at Steady-state on Day 7
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Percentage Time Intragastric pH >4 During the First 4 Hours After Dosing on Day 7
NCT01005719 (18) [back to overview]Percentage of Time Intragastric pH >4 Over the Nocturnal Period on Day 7
NCT01008696 (3) [back to overview]Overall Assessment of Study Medication by Investigator
NCT01008696 (3) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Symptoms of Reflux Esophagitis Evaluated by the Symptom Assessment Questionnaire
NCT01008696 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Completely Cured of Reflux Esophagitis Evaluated by Endoscopy Based on CYP2C19
NCT01037452 (4) [back to overview]Measure: Maximum Heartburn Intensity for Those Participants Who Experience Any Nighttime Heartburn
NCT01037452 (4) [back to overview]Measure: Number of Participants That Reported an Adverse Event for the Combination Product, PPI Alone, Antacid Alone and Placebo.
NCT01037452 (4) [back to overview]Measure: Number of Participants With no Heartburn (Post Treatment) Following Consumption of Heartburn-inducing Meal
NCT01037452 (4) [back to overview]Measure: Maximum Heartburn Intensity for Those Participants Who Experience Any Heartburn After the Heartburn-inducing Meals
NCT01045096 (7) [back to overview]The Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT01045096 (7) [back to overview]Dose-normalized Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to 24 Hours Post-dose (AUC(0-24)/Dose)
NCT01045096 (7) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC(0-tlqc))
NCT01045096 (7) [back to overview]Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to 24 Hours Post-dose (AUC(0-24))
NCT01045096 (7) [back to overview]Time to Reach the Peak Plasma Concentration (Tmax)
NCT01045096 (7) [back to overview]Dose-normalized Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax/Dose)
NCT01045096 (7) [back to overview]Dose-normalized Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC(0-tlqc)/Dose)
NCT01045967 (3) [back to overview]AUC0-inf (Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity)
NCT01045967 (3) [back to overview]AUC0-t (Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Measurable Concentration)
NCT01045967 (3) [back to overview]Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration of Drug Substance in Plasma)
NCT01046084 (3) [back to overview]Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration of Drug Substance in Plasma)
NCT01046084 (3) [back to overview]AUC0-inf (Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity)
NCT01046084 (3) [back to overview]AUC0-t (Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Measurable Concentration)
NCT01046253 (3) [back to overview]AUC0-t (Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Measurable Concentration)
NCT01046253 (3) [back to overview]Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration of Drug Substance in Plasma)
NCT01046253 (3) [back to overview]AUC0-inf (Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity)
NCT01093755 (2) [back to overview]Change in Esophageal Inflammation Biomarker COX-2 Gene Expression
NCT01093755 (2) [back to overview]Change in Inflammation Biomarker Tissue PGE2 Level
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Cornea Assessment of Right Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Lens Assessment of Left Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Vitreous Body Assessment of Right Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Lens Assessment of Right Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Vitreous Body Assessment of Left Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Reflux Disease Symptom - Cough & Sore Throat
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Reflux Disease Symptoms - Acid Regurgitation
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Reflux Disease Symptom - Pain in Upper Abdomen
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Reflux Disease Symptom - Nausea & Vomiting
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Reflux Disease Symptom - Heartburn
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Ophthalmologic Examination - Visual Acuity
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Antrum Atrophy
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Antrum Intestinal Metaplasia
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Average Antrum Chronic Inflammation Score
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Blood Analysis - Follicle Stimulating Hormone
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Blood Analysis - Luteinizing Hormone
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Blood Analysis - Testosterone
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Corpus Atrophy
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Reflux Disease Symptom - Difficulty Swallowing
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Corpus Chronic Inflammation Score
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Corpus Intestinal Metaplasia
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Retinal Blood Vessels of the Left Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Enterochromaffin-like Cell Hyperplasia
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Accommodation
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Adaptation With Glare
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Adaptation Without Glare
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Macula Lutea of the Left Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Macula Lutea of the Right Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Optic Nerve and Papilla of the Left Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Optic Nerve and Papilla of the Right Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Retinal Aspect of the Left Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Retinal Aspect of the Right Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Retinal Blood Vessels of the Right Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Color Vision
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Cornea Assessment of Left Eye
NCT01135368 (36) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Endoscopic Healing of Erosive Reflux Disease as Assessed by Endoscopy
NCT01155284 (2) [back to overview]2 Hour C-peptide AUC in Response to MMTT
NCT01155284 (2) [back to overview]2 Hour C-peptide AUC in Response to MMTT
NCT01317472 (1) [back to overview]Change in Reflux Symptom Index (RSI)
NCT01404832 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Eosinophilic Esophagitis
NCT01404832 (2) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Had Resolution of Heartburn With Lansoprazole
NCT01568944 (6) [back to overview]Plaque Index
NCT01568944 (6) [back to overview]Gingival Index
NCT01568944 (6) [back to overview]Frequency of Blood Dendritic Cells From Baseline
NCT01568944 (6) [back to overview]Probing Depths
NCT01568944 (6) [back to overview]Probing Attachment Levels
NCT01568944 (6) [back to overview]Serum Cytokine Response
NCT01642602 (2) [back to overview]The Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn Over the 4 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01642602 (2) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Who Experience Each Treatment Emergent Adverse Event Experienced by ≥5% of Participants While Receiving Dexlansoprazole During the 4 Week Treatment Period
NCT01642615 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Maintain Healing of EE From Week 8 to Week 24
NCT01642615 (6) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Who Experience Each Treatment Emergent Adverse Event Experienced by ≥5% of Participants During the 16-week Maintenance Treatment Period
NCT01642615 (6) [back to overview]Percent of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn Over the First 8 Weeks of Treatment
NCT01642615 (6) [back to overview]Percent of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn Over Weeks 8 to 24
NCT01642615 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Healing of Erosive Esophagitis (EE) by Week 8
NCT01642615 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experience Each Treatment Emergent Adverse Event Experienced by ≥5% of Participants During the 8-week Healing Treatment Period
NCT01681186 (9) [back to overview]Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Cmax)
NCT01681186 (9) [back to overview]Part B: Pharmacokinetics: Time to Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Tmax)
NCT01681186 (9) [back to overview]Part B: Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Observed Concentrations (Cmax) of LY2940680 Test and Reference Formulation
NCT01681186 (9) [back to overview]Part B: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Time T, Where T is the Last Time Point With a Measurable Concentration [AUC(0-tlast)]
NCT01681186 (9) [back to overview]Part B: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)]
NCT01681186 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With 1 or More Adverse Events (AEs) or Any Serious AEs
NCT01681186 (9) [back to overview]Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Time to Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Tmax)
NCT01681186 (9) [back to overview]Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Time T, Where T is the Last Time Point With a Measurable Concentration [AUC(0-tlast)]
NCT01681186 (9) [back to overview]Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)]
NCT01990339 (2) [back to overview]Subjective Symptom Improvement Rate
NCT01990339 (2) [back to overview]Frequency of Adverse Events (Adverse Drug Reactions)
NCT02064907 (6) [back to overview]Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Dexlansoprazole on Day 5
NCT02064907 (6) [back to overview]Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Dexlansoprazole on Day 1.
NCT02064907 (6) [back to overview]AUC(0-tlqc): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration on Day 5
NCT02064907 (6) [back to overview]AUC(0-tlqc): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration on Day 1
NCT02064907 (6) [back to overview]AUC(0-tau): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Time Tau Over the Dosing Interval on Day 5
NCT02064907 (6) [back to overview]AUC(0-inf): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity on Day 1
NCT02096458 (1) [back to overview]Time to In-Vivo Disintegration of Dexlansoprazole 30 mg Orally Disintegrating Tablets
NCT02099682 (8) [back to overview]Treatment for Gastric/Duodenal Ulcer or Lesion
NCT02099682 (8) [back to overview]Presence or Absence of Endoscopic Examinations
NCT02099682 (8) [back to overview]Details of Treatment (Including Duplicates) for Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers or Hemorrhagic Lesions
NCT02099682 (8) [back to overview]Frequency of Adverse Drug Reactions
NCT02099682 (8) [back to overview]Presence of Either Gastric/Duodenal Ulcer, or Gastric/Duodenal Hemorrhagic Lesion
NCT02099682 (8) [back to overview]Presence of Gastric or Duodenal Ulcer
NCT02099682 (8) [back to overview]Treatment Outcome (Including Duplicates) for Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers or Hemorrhagic Lesions
NCT02099682 (8) [back to overview]Presence of Gastric or Duodenal Hemorrhagic Lesion
NCT02099708 (8) [back to overview]Details of Treatment for Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers or Hemorrhagic Lesions
NCT02099708 (8) [back to overview]Frequency of Adverse Drug Reactions
NCT02099708 (8) [back to overview]Presence of Either Gastric/Duodenal Ulcer, or Gastric/Duodenal Hemorrhagic Lesion
NCT02099708 (8) [back to overview]Presence of Gastric or Duodenal Ulcer
NCT02099708 (8) [back to overview]Presence of Onset of Gastric or Duodenal Hemorrhagic Lesion
NCT02099708 (8) [back to overview]Treatment for Gastric/Duodenal Ulcer or Lesion
NCT02099708 (8) [back to overview]Treatment Outcome (Including Duplicates) for Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers or Hemorrhagic Lesions
NCT02099708 (8) [back to overview]Presence or Absence of Endoscopic Examinations
NCT02128490 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With at Least One Gout Flare Requiring Treatment
NCT02128490 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Serum Urate <5.0 mg/dL at Month 3
NCT02128490 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Serum Urate <6.0 mg/dL at Month 3
NCT02139046 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Serum Urate <6.0 mg/dL at Month 3
NCT02139046 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Serum Urate <5.0 mg/dL at Month 3
NCT02139046 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With at Least One Gout Flare Requiring Treatment
NCT02151786 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Observed Hemostatic Effect Who Experienced Rebleeding After the Completion of Treatment
NCT02151786 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Observed Hemostatic Effect
NCT02151786 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Hemostatic Effect Who Experienced Rebleeding After the Completion of Treatment
NCT02151786 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Hemostatic Effect
NCT02151786 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Rebleeding After Observed Hemostatic Effect
NCT02151786 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Rebleeding After Confirmed Hemostatic Effect
NCT02151786 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Reporting One or More Serious Adverse Drug Reactions
NCT02151786 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Reporting One or More Adverse Drug Reactions
NCT02162758 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Erosive Esophagitis (EE)
NCT02162758 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Recurrence of IM With Dysplasia
NCT02162758 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Recurrence of Intestinal Metaplasia (IM)
NCT02162758 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) Total Score
NCT02170207 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Hemostatic Effect Who Experienced Rebleeding During Treatment
NCT02170207 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Observed Hemostatic Effect
NCT02170207 (5) [back to overview]Number of Participants Reporting One or More Adverse Drug Reactions
NCT02170207 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Hemostatic Effect
NCT02170207 (5) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Hemostatic Effect Who Experienced Rebleeding After the Completion of Treatment
NCT02351960 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of 24-hour Acid Regurgitation-free Days
NCT02351960 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of 24-Hour Heartburn and Acid Regurgitation-Free Days in Non-Erosive Reflux Disease (NERD) Participants
NCT02351960 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of 24-hour Heartburn-free Days
NCT02351960 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Nights (Participant Sleep Time) Without Nighttime Acid Regurgitation
NCT02351960 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Nights (Participant Sleep Time) Without Nighttime Heartburn
NCT02351960 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Nights (Participant Sleep Time) Without Nighttime Heartburn and Acid Regurgitation
NCT02351960 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants in the EE Group Who Had Endoscopically Evaluated Macroscopic Healing of Their Esophagus
NCT02351960 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Severity of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Symptoms
NCT02351960 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of 24-Hour Heartburn and Acid Regurgitation-Free Days in Erosive Esophagitis (EE) Participants
NCT02388724 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Clinical Laboratory Findings
NCT02388724 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Serum Pepsinogen II
NCT02388724 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Serum Pepsinogen I
NCT02388724 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Endoscopic Healing of Erosive Esophagitis During the 8-Week Treatment Phase
NCT02388724 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants Reporting Who Had One or More Treatment-emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)
NCT02388724 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Serum Gastrin
NCT02388724 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Endoscopic Healing of Erosive Esophagitis After 2 Weeks and 4 Weeks of Treatment
NCT02388724 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Vital Sign Measurements
NCT02388724 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings
NCT02388737 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Serum Pepsinogen I
NCT02388737 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Recurrence of Erosive Esophagitis After 12 Weeks of Treatment in the Maintenance Phase
NCT02388737 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Recurrence of Erosive Esophagitis as Confirmed on Endoscopy After the 24-week Maintenance Phase
NCT02388737 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Serum Gastrin
NCT02388737 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Serum Pepsinogen II
NCT02388737 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal Clinical Laboratory Findings
NCT02388737 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings
NCT02388737 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal Vital Sign Measurements
NCT02388737 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT02625259 (5) [back to overview]AUC∞: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity for TAK-117
NCT02625259 (5) [back to overview]AUClast: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration for TAK-117
NCT02625259 (5) [back to overview]Tmax: Time to Reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for TAK-117
NCT02625259 (5) [back to overview]Part 1: Renal Clearance (CLr) of TAK-117
NCT02625259 (5) [back to overview]Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for TAK-117
NCT02646332 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants in Which H. Pylori Was Eradicated
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Neutrophilic Infiltration in Greater Curvature of Antrum
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hyperplastic Polyp
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Inflammation (Mononuclear Infiltration) in Greater Curvature of Antrum
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Inflammation (Mononuclear Infiltration) in Greater Curvature of Middle Gastric Body
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Intestinal Metaplasia in Greater Curvature of Antrum
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Gastric Polyp
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With G-cell Hyperplasia
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Fundic Gland Polyp
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Intestinal Metaplasia in Greater Curvature of Middle Gastric Body
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Foveolar Hyperplasia
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Enterochromaffin-like-cell Hyperplasia
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Malignant Alteration of Epithelial Cells
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Multiple White and Flat Elevated Lesions
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Cobblestone Mucosa
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Black Spots
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Atrophy in Greater Curvature of Middle Gastric Body
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Atrophy in Greater Curvature of Antrum
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants Reporting One or More Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) in Maintenance Phase
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Neutrophilic Infiltration in Greater Curvature of Middle Gastric Body
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Parietal Cell Protrusion/Hyperplasia
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Presence of H.Pylori in Greater Curvature of Antrum
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Presence of H.Pylori in Greater Curvature of Middle Gastric Body
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Healed EE at the End of Healing Phase
NCT02679508 (24) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Recurrence of Erosive Esophagitis (EE)
NCT02873689 (2) [back to overview]Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment
NCT02873689 (2) [back to overview]Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment
NCT02873702 (2) [back to overview]Healing Period: Percentage of Participants With Complete Healing of EE at Week 8
NCT02873702 (2) [back to overview]Maintenance Period: Percentage of Participants Who Maintained Complete Healing of EE at Month 6
NCT02892409 (8) [back to overview]Aeτ: Amount of Drug Excreted in Urine During a Dosing Interval for Bismuth
NCT02892409 (8) [back to overview]Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Bismuth
NCT02892409 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Discontinue Due to an Adverse Event (AE)
NCT02892409 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Experience at Least One Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)
NCT02892409 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Meet the Markedly Abnormal Criteria for Safety Laboratory Tests at Least Once Post-dose
NCT02892409 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Meet the Markedly Abnormal Criteria for Safety Electrocardiogram (ECG) Parameters at Least Once Post-dose
NCT02892409 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Meet the Markedly Abnormal Criteria for Vital Sign Measurements at Least Once Post-dose
NCT02892409 (8) [back to overview]AUCτ: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Time Tau Over the Dosing Interval for Bismuth
NCT03050307 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Endoscopically Confirmed Healing of GU at Week 4
NCT03050307 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Endoscopically Confirmed Healing of Gastric Ulcers (GUs) at Weeks 4 or 8
NCT03050307 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Helicobacter Pylori Infected (HP+) Participants With Successful HP Eradication After 4 or 8 Weeks of Treatment
NCT03050307 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Post-treatment Resolution of Gastrointestinal Symptoms Associated With GU
NCT03050359 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Endoscopically Confirmed Healing of Duodenal Ulcers
NCT03050359 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Helicobacter Pylori Infected (HP+) Participants With Successful HP Eradication After 4 or 6 Weeks of Treatment
NCT03050359 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Endoscopically Confirmed Healing of Duodenal Ulcer at Week 4
NCT03050359 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Posttreatment Resolution of Gastrointestinal Symptoms Associated With Duodenal Ulcer at Weeks 2 Through 6
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)-Cholesterol
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]Triglycerides
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]Ferritin
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]Cholesterol, Total
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]Free Thyroxine (FT4)
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]Total Triiodothyronine (TT3)
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]Free Triiodothyronine (FT3)
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Cholesterol
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
NCT03094416 (14) [back to overview]Total Thyroxine (TT4)
NCT03131895 (3) [back to overview]AUC∞: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity for Dexlansoprazole
NCT03131895 (3) [back to overview]Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Dexlansoprazole
NCT03131895 (3) [back to overview]AUClast: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration for Dexlansoprazole
NCT03316976 (3) [back to overview]AUC∞: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity for Dexlansoprazole
NCT03316976 (3) [back to overview]Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Dexlansoprazole
NCT03316976 (3) [back to overview]AUClast: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration for Dexlansoprazole
NCT03801148 (4) [back to overview]Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Dexlansoprazole
NCT03801148 (4) [back to overview]AUC0_infpred: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity Calculated Using the Predicted Value of the Last Quantifiable Concentration for Dexlansoprazole
NCT03801148 (4) [back to overview]AUC0_infobs: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity Calculated Using the Observed Value of the Last Quantifiable Concentration for Dexlansoprazole
NCT03801148 (4) [back to overview]AUClast: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration for Dexlansoprazole
NCT04124926 (9) [back to overview]Maintenance Phase: Percentage of 24-hour Heartburn-free Days
NCT04124926 (9) [back to overview]Healing Phase: Percentage of Participants Who Had Complete Healing of EE by Week 8
NCT04124926 (9) [back to overview]Maintenance Phase: Percentage of Participants Who Maintained Complete Healing of EE at Week 24
NCT04124926 (9) [back to overview]Maintenance Phase: Percentage of Participants With Baseline LA Classification Grades C or D Who Maintained Complete Healing of EE at Week 24
NCT04124926 (9) [back to overview]Healing Phase: Percentage of 24-hour Heartburn-free Days
NCT04124926 (9) [back to overview]Healing Phase: Percentage of Participants Who Had Complete Healing of EE at Week 2
NCT04124926 (9) [back to overview]Healing Phase: Percentage of Participants With Baseline LA Classification Grades C or D Who Had Complete Healing of EE at Week 2
NCT04124926 (9) [back to overview]Healing Phase: Percentage of Participants With Baseline LA Classification Grades C or D Who Had Complete Healing of EE by Week 8
NCT04124926 (9) [back to overview]Healing Phase: Percentage of Participants With Onset of Sustained Resolution of Heartburn by Day 3
NCT04167670 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of All Participants With Successful Helicobacter Pylori (H Pylori) Eradication
NCT04167670 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Successful Helicobacter Pylori (H Pylori) Eradication in Participants With a Clarithromycin-resistant Strain of H Pylori at Baseline
NCT04167670 (3) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Successful Helicobacter Pylori (H Pylori) Eradication in Participants Without a Clarithromycin- or Amoxicillin-resistant Strain of H Pylori at Baseline
NCT04729101 (9) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve During a Dosing Interval (AUCtau) at Steady State (ss)
NCT04729101 (9) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-inf)
NCT04729101 (9) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to the 24-Hour Time Point (AUC0-24)
NCT04729101 (9) [back to overview]Cmax at Steady State (Cmax,ss)
NCT04729101 (9) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT04729101 (9) [back to overview]Tmax at Steady State (Tmax,ss)
NCT04729101 (9) [back to overview]Gastric pH >4 Holding Time Ratio (HTR): Percentage of Time Gastric pH Was Above 4 Over a 24-hour Monitoring Period Following Study Drug Administration
NCT04729101 (9) [back to overview]Mean Gastric pH Over a 24-hour Monitoring Period Following Study Drug Administration (pH0-24)
NCT04729101 (9) [back to overview]Time to Reach Cmax (Tmax)
NCT05055128 (6) [back to overview]Investigator Assessment of Symptoms by Frequency and Severity
NCT05055128 (6) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT05055128 (6) [back to overview]Percentage at Most-mild Heartburn 24-hour Days
NCT05055128 (6) [back to overview]Percentage of Heartburn-Free 24-hour Days
NCT05055128 (6) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Esophageal Mucosa Healing
NCT05055128 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia (QOLRAD) Score

Long-term Medical(Non-surgical)Control of Gastric Acid Production Assessed From Time of Study Enrollment, up to 240 Months Post Enrollment.

number of participants with control of gastric acid production (NCT00204373)
Timeframe: up to 240 months from study enrollment

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Single Group72

[back to top]

The Median Survival From the Time of Diagnosis.

The median survival from the time of diagnosis (NCT00204373)
Timeframe: survival or up to 240 months

Interventionyears (Median)
Single Group6.6

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Presence of Reflux in Patients With Polyposis

Presence of Laryngopharyngeal reflux was measured by 24 hour pH impedance probe monitor per equipment manufacturer software. Two or more episodes in twenty four hours was considered positive, in accordance with published standards. (NCT00215787)
Timeframe: one year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Lansoprazole15

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Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis (EE) by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.

Percentage of subjects with complete healing of EE as assessed by endoscopy was analyzed for change in LA Esophagitis Classification grades A, B, C, or D to healed. Healed is defined as anything that is less than the criterion for Grade A (greater than or equal to 1 mucosal break and less than 5 mm). If it doesn't meet the A criterion, it's counted as healed. (NCT00251693)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

InterventionPercentage of subjects (Number)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD85.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD85.8
Lansoprazole 30 mg QD79.0

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Percentage of Subjects With Baseline Erosive Esophagitis Grade C or D Combined Who Have Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.

Percentage of subjects with baseline EE grade C or D combined who have complete healing of erosive esophagitis as assessed by endoscopy for Change in LA Esophagitis Classification Grades C and D to healed. Healed is defined as anything that is less than the criterion for Grade A. If it doesn't meet the A criterion, it's counted as healed. (NCT00251693)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD79.7
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD74.1
Lansoprazole 30 mg QD65.0

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Percentage of Subjects With Baseline Erosive Esophagitis Grade C or D Combined Who Have Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method.

Percentage of subjects with baseline EE grade C or D combined who have complete healing of EE as assessed by endoscopy for Change in LA Esophagitis Classification Grades C and D to healed. Healed is defined as anything that is less than the criterion for Grade A. If it doesn't meet the A criterion, it's counted as healed. (NCT00251693)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD88.9
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD83.8
Lansoprazole 30 mg QD74.5

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Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 4 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analyses.

Percentage of subjects with complete healing of EE as assessed by endoscopy was analyzed for change in LA Esophagitis Classification grades A, B, C, or D to healed. Healed is defined as anything that is less than the criterion for Grade A. If it doesn't meet the A criterion, it's counted as healed. (NCT00251693)
Timeframe: 4 Weeks

InterventionPercentage of subjects (Number)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD66.2
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD68.8
Lansoprazole 30 mg QD64.8

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Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 4 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method.

Percentage of subjects with complete healing of EE as assessed by endoscopy was analyzed for change in LA Esophagitis Classification grades A, B, C, or D to healed. Healed is defined as anything that is less than the criterion for Grade A. If it doesn't meet the A criterion, it's counted as healed. (NCT00251693)
Timeframe: 4 Weeks

InterventionPercentage of subjects (Number)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD77.0
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD78.8
Lansoprazole 30 mg QD76.5

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Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method.

Percentage of subjects with complete healing of EE as assessed by endoscopy was analyzed for change in LA Esophagitis Classification grades A, B, C, or D to healed. Healed is defined as anything that is less than the criterion for Grade A. If it doesn't meet the A criterion, it's counted as healed. (NCT00251693)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

InterventionPercentage of subjects (Number)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD92.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD92.2
Lansoprazole 30 mg QD86.1

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Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 4 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method

Percentage of subjects with complete healing of EE as assessed by endoscopy. Change in LA Esophagitis Classification grades A, B, C, D to healed was measured. Healed is defined as anything that is less than the criterion for Grade A. If it doesn't meet the A criterion, it's counted as healed. (NCT00251719)
Timeframe: 4 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD80.1
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD80.4
Lansoprazole 30 mg QD77.0

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Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 4 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.

Percentage of subjects with complete healing of EE as assessed by endoscopy. Change in LA Esophagitis Classification grades A, B, C, D to healed was measured. Healed is defined as anything that is less than the criterion for Grade A. If it doesn't meet the A criterion, it's counted as healed. (NCT00251719)
Timeframe: 4 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD69.7
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD70.6
Lansoprazole 30 mg QD65.4

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Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method

Percentage of subjects with complete healing of EE as assessed by endoscopy. Change in LA Esophagitis Classification grades A, B, C, D to healed was measured. Healed is defined as anything that is less than the criterion for Grade A. If it doesn't meet the A criterion, it's counted as healed. (NCT00251719)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD93.1
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD94.9
Lansoprazole 30 mg QD91.5

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Percentage of Subjects With Baseline Erosive Esophagitis Grade C or D Combined Who Have Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.

Percentage of subjects with baseline EE grade C or D combined who have complete healing of EE as assessed by endoscopy. Change in LA Classification grades C or D to healed was measured. Healed is defined as anything that is less than the criterion for Grade A. If it doesn't meet the A criterion, it's counted as healed. (NCT00251719)
Timeframe: Week 8

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD77.8
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD86.3
Lansoprazole 30 mg QD78.9

[back to top]

Percentage of Subjects With Baseline Erosive Esophagitis Grade C or D Combined Who Have Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method.

Percentage of subjects with baseline EE grade C or D combined who have complete healing of EE as assessed by endoscopy. Change in LA Esophagitis Classification grades C or D to healed was measured. Healed is defined as anything that is less than the criterion for Grade A. If it doesn't meet the A criterion, it's counted as healed. (NCT00251719)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD87.6
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD93.3
Lansoprazole 30 mg QD87.7

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Percentage of Subjects With Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis by Week 8 as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.

Percentage of subjects with complete healing of EE as assessed by endoscopy. Change in LA Esophagitis Classification grades A, B, C, D to healed was measured. Healed is defined as anything that is less than the criterion for Grade A (greater than or equal to 1 mucosal break and less than 5 mm). If it doesn't meet the A criterion, it's counted as healed. (NCT00251719)
Timeframe: 8 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of subjects (Number)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD86.9
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD89.4
Lansoprazole 30 mg QD84.6

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Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Mean

The percentage was calculated as the days that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result was marked. (NCT00251745)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Placebo QD24.9
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD44.8
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD49.1

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Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Median

The percentage was calculated as the days that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result was marked. (NCT00251745)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionpercentage of days (Median)
Placebo QD17.0
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD45.7
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD52.7

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Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Mean

The percentage was calculated as the nights that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which a nighttime result was marked. (NCT00251745)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Placebo QD49.6
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD62.0
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD64.4

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Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Median

The percentage was calculated as the nights that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which a nighttime result was marked. (NCT00251745)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionpercentage of days (Median)
Placebo QD51.0
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD72.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD76.6

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Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Median

The percentage was calculated as the nights that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which a nighttime result was marked. (NCT00251758)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionpercentage of days (Median)
Placebo QD51.0
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD72.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD76.6

[back to top]

Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Mean

The percentage was calculated as the nights that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which a nighttime result was marked. (NCT00251758)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Placebo QD49.6
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD62.0
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD64.4

[back to top]

Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Median

The percentage was calculated as the days that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result was marked. (NCT00251758)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionpercentage of days (Median)
Placebo QD17.0
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD45.7
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD52.7

[back to top]

Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Mean

The percentage was calculated as the days that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result was marked. (NCT00251758)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Placebo QD24.9
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD44.8
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD49.1

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Percentage of Subjects Who Maintained Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method

Percentage of subjects who maintained complete healing of erosive esophagitis as assessed by endoscopy. In the life table method, subjects without post-baseline endoscopy were included as censored; subjects who did not have a recurrence of EE and did not complete the study were also considered censored. (NCT00255151)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Subjects (Number)
Placebo QD25.7
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD86.6
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD82.1

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Percentage of Subjects Who Maintained Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.

Crude rates analyzed maintenance of healed EE from baseline of this study and considered prematurely discontinued subjects as relapsed. (NCT00255151)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Subjects (Number)
Placebo QD14.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD66.4
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD64.5

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Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Median.

The percentage was calculated as the nights that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which a nighttime result was marked. (NCT00255151)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Days (Median)
Placebo QD50.0
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD98.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD97.1

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Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Mean.

The percentage was calculated as the nights that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which a nighttime result was marked. (NCT00255151)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Days (Mean)
Placebo QD48.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD87.1
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD85.4

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Percentage of Days Without Daytime or Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Median.

The percentage was calculated as the days that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result was reported. (NCT00255151)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Days (Median)
Placebo QD19.2
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD95.8
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD94.4

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Percentage of Days Without Daytime or Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Mean.

The percentage was calculated as the days that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result was marked (NCT00255151)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Days (Mean)
Placebo QD29.5
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD79.7
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD79.2

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Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Median.

The percentage was calculated as the nights that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which a nighttime result was marked. (NCT00255164)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Days (Median)
Placebo QD50.0
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD98.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD97.1

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Percentage of Subjects Who Maintained Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method

Percentage of subjects who maintained complete healing of erosive esophagitis as assessed by endoscopy. In the life table method, subjects without post-baseline endoscopy were included as censored; subjects who did not have a recurrence of EE and did not complete the study were also considered censored. (NCT00255164)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Subjects (Number)
Placebo QD25.7
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD86.6
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD82.1

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Percentage of Subjects Who Maintained Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.

Crude rates analyzed maintenance of healed EE from baseline of this study and considered prematurely discontinued subjects as relapsed. (NCT00255164)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Subjects (Number)
Placebo QD14.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD66.4
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD64.5

[back to top]

Percentage of Days Without Daytime or Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Mean.

The percentage was calculated as the days that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result was marked (NCT00255164)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Days (Mean)
Placebo QD29.5
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD79.7
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD79.2

[back to top]

Percentage of Days Without Daytime or Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Median.

The percentage was calculated as the days that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result was reported. (NCT00255164)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Days (Median)
Placebo QD19.2
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD95.8
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD94.4

[back to top]

Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Mean.

The percentage was calculated as the nights that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which a nighttime result was marked. (NCT00255164)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Days (Mean)
Placebo QD48.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD87.1
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD85.4

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Total Bilirubin Values

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD-0.02
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-0.01

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Aspartate Aminotransferase Values

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

InterventionU/L (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD0.9
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD0.6

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for White Blood Cell Count Values

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

InterventionWhite Blood Cell count x10 to the 3/mcL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD-0.20
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD0.04

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Systolic Blood Pressure

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD3.8
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD1.9

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Serum Gastrin Levels

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventionpg/mL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD155.8
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD115.4

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 3 for PAGI-SYM Total Score

Mean overall composite symptom-severity score changes were computed in response to 20 questions, each scored 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (most severe symptoms). Negative changes from baseline indicate improvement in symptoms (decrease in severity). (NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD-1.09
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-0.91

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Changes From Baseline to Final Visit in Antrum Biopsy Results

Normal=normal tissue; Unknown Baseline = Baseline biopsy not available; Abnormal diagnoses include: Reactive Gastropathy, Chronic Gastritis, Intestinal Metaplasia, Reflective Observation Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma, Other Abnormal. (NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Final Visit (up to 12 months)

,
Interventionsubjects (Number)
Normal Baseline to Normal Final VisitNormal Baseline to Abnormal Final VisitAbnormal Baseline to Normal Final VisitAbnormal Baseline to Abnormal Final VisitUnknown Baseline to Normal Final VisitUnknown Baseline to Abnormal Final Visit
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD3911212911
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD114614760114

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Red Blood Cell Count Values

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

InterventionRed Blood Cell count x10 to the 6/μL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD-0.31
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-0.11

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Pulse Rate

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventionbeats per minute (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD0.5
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-1.3

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Platelet Count Values

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

InterventionPlatelet Count x10 to the 3/mcL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD-12.7
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-1.9

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for PAGI-SYM Total Score

Mean overall composite symptom-severity score changes were computed in response to 20 questions, each scored 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (most severe symptoms). Negative changes from baseline indicate improvement in symptoms (decrease in severity). (NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD-1.08
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-0.95

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for PAGI-QOL Total Score

Mean overall composite QOL score changes were computed in response to 30 questions, each scored 0 (lowest QOL) to 5 (highest QOL). Positive changes from baseline indicate improved QOL. (NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD0.56
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD0.61

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration Values

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventiong/dL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD0.67
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD0.56

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 9 for PAGI-SYM Total Score

Mean overall composite symptom-severity score changes were computed in response to 20 questions, each scored 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (most severe symptoms). Negative changes from baseline indicate improvement in symptoms (decrease in severity). (NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD-1.17
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-0.89

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Hemoglobin Values

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventiong/dL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD-0.29
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-0.05

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Hematocrit Values

Hematocrit measurement percent is the absolute difference in Hematocrit values, and not percentage difference. (NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventionpercentage (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD-1.98
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-0.93

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Diastolic Blood Pressure

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventionmm Hg (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD4.0
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD0.6

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Creatinine Values

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD-0.04
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-0.04

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Calcium Values

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD-0.25
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-0.04

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 9 for PAGI-QOL Total Score

Mean overall composite QOL score changes were computed in response to 30 questions, each scored 0 (lowest QOL) to 5 (highest QOL). Positive changes from baseline indicate improved QOL. (NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD0.64
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD0.60

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Blood Urea Nitrogen Values

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD0.1
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD0.0

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Changes From Baseline to Final Visit in Fundus Biopsy Results

Normal=normal tissue; Unknown Baseline = Baseline biopsy not available; Abnormal diagnoses include: Reactive Gastropathy, Chronic Gastritis, Intestinal Metaplasia, Reflective Observation Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma, Other Abnormal. (NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Final Visit (up to 12 months)

,
Interventionsubjects (Number)
Normal Baseline to Normal Final VisitNormal Baseline to Abnormal Final VisitAbnormal Baseline to Normal Final VisitAbnormal Baseline to Abnormal Final VisitUnknown Baseline to Normal Final VisitUnknown Baseline to Abnormal Final Visit
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD558172120
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD19835333523

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Alkaline Phosphatase Values

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

InterventionU/L (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD0.4
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-0.4

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Alanine Aminotransferase Values

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

InterventionU/L (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD1.6
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD0.5

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 1 for PAGI-SYM Total Score

Mean overall composite symptom-severity score changes were computed in response to 20 questions, each scored 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (most severe symptoms). Negative changes from baseline indicate improvement in symptoms (decrease in severity). (NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD-0.95
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-0.85

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 1 for PAGI-QOL Total Score

Mean overall composite Quality of Life (QOL) score changes were computed in response to 30 questions, each scored 0 (lowest QOL) to 5 (highest QOL). Positive changes from baseline indicate improved QOL. (NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 1

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD0.54
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD0.54

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 6 for PAGI-SYM Total Score

Mean overall composite symptom-severity score changes were computed in response to 20 questions, each scored 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (most severe symptoms). Negative changes from baseline indicate improvement in symptoms (decrease in severity). (NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD-1.05
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD-0.93

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 6 for PAGI-QOL Total Score

Mean overall composite QOL score changes were computed in response to 30 questions, each scored 0 (lowest QOL) to 5 (highest QOL). Positive changes from baseline indicate improved QOL. (NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD0.58
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD0.56

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 3 for PAGI-QOL Total Score

Mean overall composite QOL score changes were computed in response to 30 questions, each scored 0 (lowest QOL) to 5 (highest QOL). Positive changes from baseline indicate improved QOL. (NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD0.61
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD0.56

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Mean Change From Baseline to Month 12 for Inorganic Phosphorus Values

(NCT00255190)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD0.09
Dexlansoprazole MR 90 mg QD0.06

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Percentage of Days Without Daytime or Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Median.

The percentage was calculated as the days that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result was reported. (NCT00321737)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Days (Median)
Placebo QD28.6
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD96.1
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD90.9

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Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Mean.

The percentage was calculated as the nights that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which a nighttime result was marked. (NCT00321737)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Days (Mean)
Placebo QD57.7
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD89.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD86.0

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Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Median.

The percentage was calculated as the nights that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which a nighttime result was marked. (NCT00321737)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Days (Median)
Placebo QD71.7
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD98.9
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD96.2

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Percentage of Subjects Who Maintained Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis as Assessed by Endoscopy - Crude Rate Analysis.

Crude rates analyzed maintenance of healed EE from baseline of this study and considered prematurely discontinued subjects as relapsed. (NCT00321737)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Subjects (Number)
Placebo QD14.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD66.4
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD66.4

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Percentage of Subjects Who Maintained Complete Healing of Erosive Esophagitis as Assessed by Endoscopy - Life Table Method

Percentage of subjects who maintained complete healing of erosive esophagitis as assessed by endoscopy. In the life table method, subjects without post-baseline endoscopy were included as censored; subjects who did not have a recurrence of EE and did not complete the study were also considered censored. (NCT00321737)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Subjects (Number)
Placebo QD27.2
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD74.9
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD82.5

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Percentage of Days Without Daytime or Nighttime Heartburn as Assessed by Daily Diary-Mean.

The percentage was calculated as the days that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result was marked. (NCT00321737)
Timeframe: 6 months

InterventionPercentage of Days (Mean)
Placebo QD36.0
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD83.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD78.4

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Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Median

The percentage was calculated as the nights that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which a nighttime result was marked. (NCT00321984)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionpercentage of days (Median)
Placebo QD51.7
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD80.8
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD76.9

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Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Mean

The percentage was calculated as the nights that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which a nighttime result was marked. (NCT00321984)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Placebo QD47.1
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD67.6
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD65.0

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Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Median

The percentage was calculated as the days that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result was marked. (NCT00321984)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionpercentage of days (Median)
Placebo QD18.5
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD54.9
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD50.0

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Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment as Assessed by Daily Electronic Diary-Mean

The percentage was calculated as the days that were heartburn-free out of the total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result was marked. (NCT00321984)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Placebo QD25.0
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD50.3
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD49.1

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Rhinosinusitis Outcome Measure(RSOM-31)

RSOM-31 includes 31 questions combined into a total score ranging from 0 to 155 with higher scores representing greater disease burden. Values are based on patient report. (NCT00335283)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks

,
InterventionScores on a Scale (Median)
Baseline8 weeks16 weeks
Lansoprazole634035
Placebo (Sugar Pill)513635

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Quality of Life Questionnaire (QOLRAD)

The patient-reported QOLRAD consists of 25 questions combined into a total score ranging from 25 to 175 with higher numbers representing better quality of life. (NCT00335283)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 weeks and 16 weeks

,
InterventionScores on a Scale (Median)
Baseline8 weeks16 weeks
Lansoprazole155174173
Placebo (Sugar Pill)160155160

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Post Nasal Drainage Symptom Response

The primary outcome measure was postnasal drainage symptom response measured by using a visual analogue scale. At 8 and 16 weeks, a horizontal symptoms scale from 0% (no change) to 100% (symptoms completely resolved) was presented to participants to assess improvement in postnasal drainage symptoms. (NCT00335283)
Timeframe: 8 and 16 weeks

,
InterventionScores on a Scale (Median)
8 week16 week
Lansoprazole5550
Placebo (Sugar Pill)3.55

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Sino Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20)

SNOT-20 includes 20 questions combined into a total score ranging from 0 to 100 with higher numbers representing greater rhinosinusitis health burden and represents patient-reported symptom severity. (NCT00335283)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8 weeks and 16 weeks

,
InterventionScores on a Scale (Median)
Baseline8 weeks16 weeks
Lansoprazole362520
Placebo (Sugar Pill)353227

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Log Change in Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Measurement

Change in TNF alpha cytokine expression from bronchoalveolar lavage aspirate samples between lansoprazole and placebo groups, measured in log picograms per milliliter (log (pg/mL)) units, pre- and post-intervention. (NCT00361972)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks

Interventionlog (pg/mL) (Median)
Lansoprazole0.4
Placebo2.0

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Change in Lymphocyte Count

Change in mean lymphocyte count in bronchus intermedius biopsies between lansoprazole and placebo groups, measured in lymphocytes per square millimeter. Overall mean differences were compared (post-intervention mean lymphocyte count minus pre-intervention mean lymphocyte count) between the two intervention groups. (NCT00361972)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks

InterventionLymphocytes per square millimeter (Mean)
Lansoprazole-57
Placebo-3

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Rate of Episodes of Poor Asthma Control (EPAC)

"Episodes of poor asthma control are defined as any one of the following:~2 consecutive days with peak flow at less than 70% of baseline~prescription of oral corticosteroids for asthma~seeking urgent medical care for asthma symptoms~EPAC was measured by review of daily diaries that were maintained over the entire course of followup, i.e, 24 weeks" (NCT00442013)
Timeframe: Measured daily for 24 weeks by diary

Interventionnumber of episodes of poor asthma contrl (Number)
Lansoprazole Group230
Placebo Group184

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Pre-bronchodilator Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1)

A measure of pulmonary function, specifically the amount of expired air in the first second during a forced expiratory maneuver while seated; test performed at least 4 hours after last dose of short-acting bronchodilator and at least 12 hours after long-acting bronchodilator; number presents an average of the change from baseline to all follow-up points (NCT00442013)
Timeframe: Measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24

InterventionLiters (Mean)
Lansoprazole Group2.2
Placebo Group2.3

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Change in Juniper Asthma Control Score (ACS)

Score ranges from 0 to 6, a lower score indicated better asthma control. Scores above 1.5 are indicative of poor asthma control; score obtained from questionnaire with 6 questions related to asthma control and FEV (amount of air expired in the first second during a forced expiratory maneuver); number presents an average of the change from baseline to all follow-up points (NCT00442013)
Timeframe: Measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 24

Interventionscore (Mean)
Lansoprazole Group1.1
Placebo Group1.0

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Asthma-specific Quality of Life

Scores range from 1 to 7 with higher values indicating better asthma-related quality of life; questionnaire measures functional impairments that are most troublesome to children as a result of their asthma; number presents an average of the change from baseline to all follow-up points (NCT00442013)
Timeframe: Measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24

Interventionscore (Mean)
Lansoprazole Group5.8
Placebo Group6.0

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Asthma Symptom Utility Index (ASUI)

ASUI is a utility score that ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating better asthma control; info obtained from questionnaire about asthma symptoms; number presents an average of the change from baseline to all follow-up points (NCT00442013)
Timeframe: Measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24

Interventionscore (Mean)
Lansoprazole Group0.86
Placebo Group0.88

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Airways Reactivity (Assessed by Methacholine PC20)

Presence and degree of airway hyperresponsiveness; change from baseline to 24 weeks for airways reactivity assessed by methacholine post-diluent baseline (PC20) after medication holds (NCT00442013)
Timeframe: Measured at Weeks 0 and 24

Interventionmg/mL (Mean)
Lansoprazole Group2.6
Placebo Group2.5

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Number of Patients With Dilation of Intracellular Spaces 3 Months After Therapy

Dilation of inter cellular spaces (the space within the cell) is reported to be an early morphological (structure and form) marker in gastro-oesophageal reflux. Using electron microscopy, the distance between epithelial cells is quantified. (NCT00444145)
Timeframe: 3 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Patients Receiving Prevacid0

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Number of Participants With at Least 1 Symptoms of Reflux in the Past Week, Assessed by the Reflux Symptom Questionnaire

Questions regarding reflux symptoms, created and evaluated by Nelson et al, Prevalence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux during childhood: a pediatric practice-based survey, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154;150-154. This study used the GER3-9P version for children aged 3-9 years. Results are reported as number reporting at least one specific symptom in the past week, maximum 7 symptoms. (NCT00546117)
Timeframe: 2 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Lansoprazole (Prevacid)0
Placebo0

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Number of Participants With Normal Type A Tympanometry

"Tympanometry of both ears, coded by Jerger classification (Type A, normal; type B, flat; Type C; negative pressure).~This is a standard test of middle ear status as performed by audiologists. Please refer to the reference for more information: Kileny & Zwolan, Diagnostic Audiology, chapter 133, Cummings Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Elsevier/Saunders, 2015." (NCT00546117)
Timeframe: 2 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Lansoprazole (Prevacid)0
Placebo0

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Acoustic Reflectometry: Level of Risk as Defined by Manufacturer

Spectral gradient acoustic reflectometry is a noninvasive, non-audible acoustic wave used to help detect middle ear fluid. The manufacturer recommends interpretation of the angle result as: <49°, high risk of middle ear effusion (level 5); 49-59°, moderate-high risk (level 4); 60-69°, moderate risk (level 3); 70-95°, low-moderate risk (level 2) and >95°, low risk (level 1). (NCT00546117)
Timeframe: 2 months

Interventionlevel of risk (Mean)
Lansoprazole (Prevacid)2.5
Placebo3.5

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Absence of Middle Ear Fluid by Pneumatic Otoscopy, Right Ear

(NCT00546117)
Timeframe: 2 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Prevacid1
Placebo0

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Absence of Middle Ear Fluid by Pneumatic Otoscopy, LeftEar

(NCT00546117)
Timeframe: 2 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Prevacid1
Placebo3

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Median Percentage of Nights Without Heartburn Over 4 Weeks as Assessed by Daily Diary.

Percentage calculated by the number of heartburn-free nights out of the total number of nights during the treatment period with a diary entry indicating presence or absence of nighttime heartburn in subjects who had ≥1 diary entry indicating presence or absence of nighttime heartburn, as indicated by the subject's daily diary. Subjects indicate the presence (Yes/No) of nocturnal heartburn symptoms in a Daily Electronic Diary. Nights missing diary results were excluded from the numerator and denominator. (NCT00627016)
Timeframe: 4 Weeks

InterventionPercentage of nights (Median)
Placebo35.7
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg QD73.1

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Percent of Subjects With Relief of Night Time Heartburn Over the Last 7 Days of Treatment as Assessed by Daily Diary.

Relief of nighttime heartburn was defined as 6 of 7 nights with no heartburn and at most 1 night with mild heartburn; lack of relief of nighttime heartburn was defined as 2 or more out of 7 nights with heartburn, or 1 night with at least moderate heartburn. Subjects indicate the presence and severity (mild, moderate, severe, or very severe) of nocturnal heartburn in a Daily Electronic Diary. The percentage was calculated as the number of subjects with relief of nighttime heartburn divided by the number of subjects whose relief status could be determined. (NCT00627016)
Timeframe: Last 7 days of treatment

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo19.6
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg QD47.5

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Percentage of Participants With Relief of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Associated Sleep Disturbances Over the Last 7 Days of Treatment as Assessed by Daily Diary.

Relief of GERD-associated sleep disturbance was defined as 6 of 7 nights with no GERD associated sleep disturbances; lack of relief of GERD-associated sleep disturbance was defined as 2 or more out of 7 nights with GERD-associated sleep disturbance. Subjects indicate the presence (Yes/No) of GERD associated sleep disturbance in a Daily Electronic Diary. The percentage was calculated as the number of subjects with relief of GERD-associated sleep disturbance divided by the number of subjects whose relief status could be determined. (NCT00627016)
Timeframe: Last 7 days of treatment

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo47.9
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg QD69.7

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Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Score

"Endoscopy scoring tool took into account the following categories:~Mucosal pallor/reduced vasculature Linear furrows/mucosal thickening White plaques Concentric rings/stricture Friability/tissue-paper mucosa Histology scoring tools Epithelial histology score Peak eosinophil count~Each category could score 0-3 for a total maximum score of 15. The higher the score the worse the disease." (NCT00638456)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 Months

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline3 months
Oral Viscous Budesonide Plus Prevacid4.61.5
Placebo Plus Prevacid7.85.4

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Symptom Score

"Total score was based on the following symptoms:~Heartburn/regurgitation Abdominal pain Nausea/vomiting Anorexia/early satiety Dysphagia Symptom induced nocturnal wakening Gastrointestinal bleeding~Each symptom could score 0-2 for a maximum score for 14 points. The lower the score the milder the symptoms and the higher the score the more severe symptoms." (NCT00638456)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 Months

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline3 months
Oral Viscous Budesonide Plus Prevacid3.51.2
Placebo Plus Prevacid2.71.8

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Number of Participants With Improvement of Espohageal Eosinophilia

Repeat endoscopy was undertaken using the Olympus P160 endoscope (by RD) at 3 months of treatment. (NCT00638456)
Timeframe: 3 Months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Oral Viscous Budesonide Plus Prevacid13
Placebo Plus Prevacid0

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Time to Analgesia

Time it took for subjects to achieve a pain score reduction of 2 units (on a 0 to 10 scale) (NCT00685295)
Timeframe: 60 minutes

Interventionminutes (Median)
Arm 1 / Fentora10
Arm 2 / Percocet/Prevacid35

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Pain Reduction

Number of subjects who reached pain reduction. A subject was deemed to have reached pain reduction if there was a two-point drop in pain scale (0-10). (NCT00685295)
Timeframe: 60 minutes

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm 1 / Fentora30
Arm 2 / Percocet/Prevacid24

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Occurrence of Untoward Opioid Side Effects

Subjects were monitored for any signs of untoward opioid side effects. (NCT00685295)
Timeframe: 120 minutes

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Arm 1 / Fentora0
Arm 2 / Percocet/Prevacid1

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

Feeling of enlarged abdomen is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QDNA
Gefarnate 50 mg BIDNA

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

Hunger and nighttime pain is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.005
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.026

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

Hunger and nighttime pain is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.333
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-1.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

Hunger and nighttime pain is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.000
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.071

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)

Severity of hematemesis and melena (blood stool, black stool, tarry stool) is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.009
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.012

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

Severity of hematemesis and melena (blood stool, black stool, tarry stool) is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.006
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

Severity of hematemesis and melena (blood stool, black stool, tarry stool) is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.010
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.020

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

Severity of hematemesis and melena (blood stool, black stool, tarry stool) is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QDNA
Gefarnate 50 mg BIDNA

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

Severity of hematemesis and melena (blood stool, black stool, tarry stool) is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.020
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)

Feeling of nausea is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.072
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.012

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

Feeling of nausea is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.051
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.008

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

Feeling of nausea is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.025
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.020

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

Feeling of nausea is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QDNA
Gefarnate 50 mg BIDNA

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

Feeling of nausea is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.082
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)

Feeling of heartburn is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.063
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

Feeling of heartburn is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.089
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.038

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

Feeling of heartburn is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QDNA
Gefarnate 50 mg BIDNA

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

Feeling of enlarged abdomen is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.020
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.005

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

Feeling of enlarged abdomen is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.019
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.015

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)

Feeling of enlarged abdomen is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.027
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.023

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

Hunger and nighttime pain is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.038
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.008

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

Feeling of heartburn is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.064
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.005

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events

Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) are adverse events with an onset that occurs after receiving study drug. A TEAE may also be a concurrent medical condition diagnosed prior to the date of first dose of study drug that increases in severity after the start of dosing. Please see Other Adverse Events table below for TEAE listings. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: 18 Months

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Adverse eventAdverse event (Frequency ≥5%)Adverse event related to the study drugSerious adverse eventSerious adverse event related to the study drug
Gefarnate 50 mg BID1686825261
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD1668226270

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Number of Participants With Gastric Ulcer and/or Duodenal Ulcer

The number of participants that developed gastric ulcer and/or duodenal ulcer at month 18 or final visit. Ulcers are defined as mucosal defect with white coating 3 mm or greater. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: 18 Months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD6
Gefarnate 50 mg BID53

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Number of Participants With Gastric or Duodenal Ulcer or Gastric or Duodenal Hemorrhagic Lesion (Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage)

Number of participants with gastric or duodenal ulcer or gastric or duodenal hemorrhagic lesion (upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage) from baseline through month 18 or final visit. Ulcers are defined as mucosal defect with white coating 3 mm or greater. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: 18 Months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD7
Gefarnate 50 mg BID56

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)

Postprandial pain is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.027
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.023

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

Feeling of heartburn is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.163
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.036

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

Postprandial pain is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.025
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.030

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

Postprandial pain is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.005
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.015

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

Postprandial pain is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.333
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-1.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

Postprandial pain is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.020
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.071

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)

Hunger and nighttime pain is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.027
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.023

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Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 12)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the duodenum, graded on a 4 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion and hemorrhage are localized in one area of the duodenum and < 1 lesion; 2= 2 to 5 lesions ; 3= > 6 lesions). Erosions are defined as mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are defined as mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of duodenal mucosal injury. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.254
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.136

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Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 3)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the duodenum, graded on a 4 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion and hemorrhage are localized in one area of the duodenum and < 1 lesion; 2= 2 to 5 lesions ; 3= > 6 lesions). Erosions are defined as mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are defined as mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of duodenal mucosal injury. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.132
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.228

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Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 6)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the duodenum, graded on a 4 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion and hemorrhage are localized in one area of the duodenum and < 1 lesion; 2= 2 to 5 lesions ; 3= > 6 lesions). Erosions are defined as mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are defined as mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of duodenal mucosal injury. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.165
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.149

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Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 9)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the duodenum, graded on a 4 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion and hemorrhage are localized in one area of the duodenum and < 1 lesion; 2= 2 to 5 lesions ; 3= > 6 lesions). Erosions are defined as mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are defined as mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of duodenal mucosal injury. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.092
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.216

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Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 12)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the stomach, graded on a 5 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach and <1 lesion; 2= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach with 2-5 lesions; 3= erosion/hemorrhage in two areas in the stomach/one area involves >6 lesions; 4= erosion/hemorrhage appear in three or more areas in the stomach). Erosions are mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastric mucosal injury. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.224
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.205

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Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 3)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the stomach, graded on a 5 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach and <1 lesion; 2= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach with 2-5 lesions; 3= erosion/hemorrhage in two areas in the stomach/one area involves >6 lesions; 4= erosion/hemorrhage appear in three or more areas in the stomach). Erosions are mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastric mucosal injury. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.150
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.460

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Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 6)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the stomach, graded on a 5 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach and <1 lesion; 2= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach with 2-5 lesions; 3= erosion/hemorrhage in two areas in the stomach/one area involves >6 lesions; 4= erosion/hemorrhage appear in three or more areas in the stomach). Erosions are mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastric mucosal injury. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Median)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.153
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.530

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Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 9)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the stomach, graded on a 5 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach and <1 lesion; 2= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach with 2-5 lesions; 3= erosion/hemorrhage in two areas in the stomach/one area involves >6 lesions; 4= erosion/hemorrhage appear in three or more areas in the stomach). Erosions are mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastric mucosal injury. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.149
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.419

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

Severity of anorexia is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.000
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.036

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

Severity of anorexia is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.333
Gefarnate 50 mg BIDNA

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

Severity of anorexia is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.005
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.010

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

Severity of anorexia is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.019
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 9)

Severity of anorexia is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 9.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.018
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

Feeling of enlarged abdomen is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00762359)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.020
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.036

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

The number of participants that develop hunger and nighttime pain at month 12, and number of participants that develop hunger and nighttime pain at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.029
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.061

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

The number of participants that develop hunger and nighttime pain at month 18, and number of participants that develop hunger and nighttime pain at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.000
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)

The number of participants that develop hunger and nighttime pain at month 24, and number of participants that develop hunger and nighttime pain at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QDNA

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

The number of participants that develop hunger and nighttime pain at month 3, and number of participants that develop hunger and nighttime pain at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.044
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.014

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hunger and Nighttime Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

The number of participants that develop hunger and nighttime pain at month 6, and number of participants that develop hunger and nighttime pain at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.009
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.036

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

The number of participants that develop postprandial pain at month 12, and number of participants that develop postprandial pain at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.014
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.020

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

The number of participants that develop postprandial pain at month 18, and number of participants that develop postprandial pain at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.000
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.000

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)

The number of participants that develop postprandial pain at month 24, and number of participants that develop postprandial pain at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QDNA

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

The number of participants that develop postprandial pain at month 3, and number of participants that develop postprandial pain at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.006
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.014

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Postprandial Pain Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

The number of participants that develop postprandial pain at month 6, and number of participants that develop postprandial pain at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.027
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.000

[back to top]

Number of Participants With Gastric or Duodenal Ulcer or Gastric or Duodenal Hemorrhagic Lesion (Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage)

Number of participants with gastric or duodenal ulcer or gastric or duodenal hemorrhagic lesion (upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage) from baseline through month 24 or final visit. Ulcers are defined as mucosal defect with white coating 3 mm or greater. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: On occurrence (up to month 24).

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD15
Gefarnate 50 mg BID52

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Number of Participants With Gastric Ulcer and/or Duodenal Ulcer

The number of participants that developed gastric ulcer and/or duodenal ulcer at month 24 or final visit. Ulcers are defined as mucosal defect with white coating 3 mm or greater. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: 24 Months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD15
Gefarnate 50 mg BID46

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events

Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) are adverse events with an onset that occurs after receiving study drug. A TEAE may also be a concurrent medical condition diagnosed prior to the date of first dose of study drug that increases in severity after the start of dosing. Please see Other Adverse Events table below for TEAE listings. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Per Incidence (up to 24 months).

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Adverse EventAdverse event (Frequency ≥5%)Adverse event related to the study drugSerious adverse eventSerious adverse event related to the study drug
Gefarnate 50 mg BID1256428171
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD1548328292

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Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 18)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the stomach, graded on a 5 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach and <1 lesion; 2= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach with 2-5 lesions; 3= erosion/hemorrhage in two areas in the stomach/one area involves >6 lesions; 4= erosion/hemorrhage appear in three or more areas in the stomach). Erosions are mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastric mucosal injury. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.162
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.278

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Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 12)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the duodenum, graded on a 4 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion and hemorrhage are localized in one area of the duodenum and < 1 lesion; 2= 2 to 5 lesions ; 3= > 6 lesions). Erosions are defined as mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are defined as mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of duodenal mucosal injury. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.177
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.048

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Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 18)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the duodenum, graded on a 4 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion and hemorrhage are localized in one area of the duodenum and < 1 lesion; 2= 2 to 5 lesions ; 3= > 6 lesions). Erosions are defined as mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are defined as mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of duodenal mucosal injury. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.297
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.056

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Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 24)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the duodenum, graded on a 4 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion and hemorrhage are localized in one area of the duodenum and < 1 lesion; 2= 2 to 5 lesions ; 3= > 6 lesions). Erosions are defined as mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are defined as mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of duodenal mucosal injury. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.200
Gefarnate 50 mg BIDNA

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Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 3)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the duodenum, graded on a 4 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion and hemorrhage are localized in one area of the duodenum and < 1 lesion; 2= 2 to 5 lesions ; 3= > 6 lesions). Erosions are defined as mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are defined as mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of duodenal mucosal injury. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.102
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.142

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Change From Baseline in Duodenal Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 6)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the duodenum, graded on a 4 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion and hemorrhage are localized in one area of the duodenum and < 1 lesion; 2= 2 to 5 lesions ; 3= > 6 lesions). Erosions are defined as mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are defined as mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of duodenal mucosal injury. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.095
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.047

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Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 12)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the stomach, graded on a 5 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach and <1 lesion; 2= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach with 2-5 lesions; 3= erosion/hemorrhage in two areas in the stomach/one area involves >6 lesions; 4= erosion/hemorrhage appear in three or more areas in the stomach). Erosions are mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastric mucosal injury. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.231
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.048

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Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 24)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the stomach, graded on a 5 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach and <1 lesion; 2= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach with 2-5 lesions; 3= erosion/hemorrhage in two areas in the stomach/one area involves >6 lesions; 4= erosion/hemorrhage appear in three or more areas in the stomach). Erosions are mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastric mucosal injury. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.800
Gefarnate 50 mg BIDNA

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Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 3)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the stomach, graded on a 5 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach and <1 lesion; 2= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach with 2-5 lesions; 3= erosion/hemorrhage in two areas in the stomach/one area involves >6 lesions; 4= erosion/hemorrhage appear in three or more areas in the stomach). Erosions are mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastric mucosal injury. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.114
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.429

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Change From Baseline in Gastric Mucosal Injury Assessed by Lanza Score (Partially Revised) (Month 6)

The Lanza score (partially revised) attributes the severity of induced erosive mucosal injury in the stomach, graded on a 5 point scale (0=normal; 1= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach and <1 lesion; 2= erosion/hemorrhage in one area of the stomach with 2-5 lesions; 3= erosion/hemorrhage in two areas in the stomach/one area involves >6 lesions; 4= erosion/hemorrhage appear in three or more areas in the stomach). Erosions are mucosal defect < 3 mm. Ulcers are mucosal defect with white coating ≥ 3 mm. Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastric mucosal injury. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.319
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.188

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

The number of participants that develop anorexia at month 12, and number of participants that develop anorexia at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.014
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.020

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

The number of participants that develop anorexia at month 18, and number of participants that develop anorexia at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.056
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)

The number of participants that develop anorexia at month 24, and number of participants that develop anorexia at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QDNA

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

The number of participants that develop anorexia at month 3, and number of participants that develop anorexia at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.006
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.022

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Anorexia Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

The number of participants that develop anorexia at month 6, and number of participants that develop anorexia at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.036
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.024

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of an enlarged abdomen at month 12, and number of participants that develop the feeling of an enlarged abdomen at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.057
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.204

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of an enlarged abdomen at month 18, and number of participants that develop the feeling of an enlarged abdomen at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.056
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of an enlarged abdomen at month 24, and number of participants that develop the feeling of an enlarged abdomen at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QDNA

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of an enlarged abdomen at month 3, and number of participants that develop the feeling of an enlarged abdomen at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.025
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.014

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Enlarged Abdomen Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of an enlarged abdomen at month 6, and number of participants that develop the feeling of an enlarged abdomen at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.000
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.048

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of heartburn at month 12, and number of participants that develop the feeling of heartburn at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.114
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.102

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of heartburn at month 18, and number of participants that develop the feeling of heartburn at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.056
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.091

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of heartburn at month 24, and number of participants that develop the feeling of heartburn at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-1.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of heartburn at month 3, and number of participants that develop the feeling of heartburn at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.057
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.058

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Heartburn Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of heartburn at month 6, and number of participants that develop the feeling of heartburn at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.027
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.095

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of nausea at month 12, and number of participants that develop the feeling of nausea at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.043
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.041

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of nausea at month 18, and number of participants that develop the feeling of nausea at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.000
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.091

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of nausea at month 24, and number of participants that develop the feeling of nausea at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QDNA

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of nausea at month 3, and number of participants that develop the feeling of nausea at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD-0.006
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.007

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Feeling of Nausea Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

The number of participants that develop the feeling of nausea at month 6, and number of participants that develop the feeling of nausea at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.009
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.012

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 12)

The number of participants that experience hematemesis and melena (blood stool, black stool, tarry stool) at month 12, and number of participants that experience hematemesis and melena at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.043
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 18)

The number of participants that experience hematemesis and melena (blood stool, black stool, tarry stool) at month 18, and number of participants that experience hematemesis and melena at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.000
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.000

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 24)

The number of participants that experience hematemesis and melena (blood stool, black stool, tarry stool) at month 24, and number of participants that experience hematemesis and melena at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QDNA

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 3)

The number of participants that experience hematemesis and melena (blood stool, black stool, tarry stool) at month 3, and number of participants that experience hematemesis and melena at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 3.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.006
Gefarnate 50 mg BID-0.007

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Change From Baseline in Severity of Hematemesis and Melena Gastrointestinal Symptom (Month 6)

The number of participants that experience hematemesis and melena (blood stool, black stool, tarry stool) at month 6, and number of participants that experience hematemesis and melena at baseline. It is graded on a 4 point scale (0=none; 1=mild; 2=moderate; 3=severe). Higher scores indicate greater severity of gastrointestinal symptom. (NCT00787254)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 6.

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lansoprazole 15 mg QD0.000
Gefarnate 50 mg BID0.012

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Urea Breath Test Result (DOB > 5 is Positive)After Different Time Periods From When PPI (Proton Pump Inhibitor) Was Stopped.

Negative value is defined as delta over baseline (DOB) less than 5. The subjects who were positive (DOB>=5) for H.Pylori and after PPI for 10 days repeated a breath with a negative (DOB<5) were considered false negatives. The breath test has been cleared by the FDA in a 510(k) and has > 96% accuracy. (NCT00825630)
Timeframe: 17 days

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
False negatives (DOB<5) after 3 days of no PPIFalse negatives (DOB<5) after 1 day of no PPI
Esomeprazole (Nexium)01
Lansoprazole (Lanton)12
Omeprazole( Losec)34
Pantoprazole (Controloc)12

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Change in Anti-IA2 Titer

(NCT00837759)
Timeframe: 6 months following the protocol subject's randomization/treatment initiation

InterventionTiters (Mean)
T1D Group-29212

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Change in ZnT8 Autoantibody Titer

(NCT00837759)
Timeframe: 6 months following the protocol subject's randomization/treatment initiation

InterventionTiters (Mean)
T1D Group-0.11

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Glycemia Control (Change in HbA1c Level)

(NCT00837759)
Timeframe: 6 months following the protocol subject's randomization/treatment initiation

InterventionPercentage (Mean)
T1D Group-1.17

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Change in Insulin Dose

(NCT00837759)
Timeframe: 6 months following the protocol subject's randomization/treatment initiation

InterventionU/kg/day (Mean)
T1D Group0.02

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Change in Anti-GAD Autoantibody Titers

(NCT00837759)
Timeframe: 6 months following the protocol subject's randomization/treatment initiation

InterventionTiters (Mean)
T1D Group119278

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Change in C-peptide

(NCT00837759)
Timeframe: 6 months following the protocol subject's randomization/treatment initiation

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
T1D Group0.51

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AUC(0-tlqc): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration Pharmacokinetic Parameter.

Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC(0-tlqc)) is a measure of total plasma exposure to the drug from Time 0 to Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC[0-tlqc]). (NCT00847210)
Timeframe: After 7 days of dosing.

Interventionng*hr/mL/mg (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD2842.32
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD5113.72

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Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration Pharmacokinetic Parameter.

Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) is the peak plasma concentration of a drug after administration, obtained directly from the plasma concentration-time curve. (NCT00847210)
Timeframe: After 7 days of dosing.

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD691
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD1136

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Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (λz) Pharmacokinetic Parameter.

Terminal elimination rate constant (λz) is the rate at which drugs are eliminated from the body. (NCT00847210)
Timeframe: After 7 days of dosing.

Intervention1/hr (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD0.5264
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD0.3404

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Terminal Phase Elimination Half-life (T1/2) Pharmacokinetic Parameter.

Terminal Phase Elimination Half-life (T1/2) is the time required for half of the drug to be eliminated from the plasma. (NCT00847210)
Timeframe: After 7 days of dosing.

Interventionhours (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD1.66
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD2.59

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Tmax: Time to Reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) Pharmacokinetic Parameter

Tmax: Time to reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax), equal to time (hours) to Cmax, as observed on Day 7. (NCT00847210)
Timeframe: After 7 days of dosing.

Interventionhours (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD4.65
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD3.31

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Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vz/F) Pharmacokinetic Parameter.

Vz/F is the distribution of a drug between plasma and the rest of the body following oral administration, calculated as CL/F divided by λz. (NCT00847210)
Timeframe: After 7 days of dosing.

InterventionL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD28.90
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD58.50

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AUC(0-24): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to 24 Hours Postdose Pharmacokinetic Parameter.

AUC(0-24) is measure of Area Under the Curve over the dosing interval (tau) (AUC(0-tau]), where tau is the length of the dosing interval - 24 hours in this study). (NCT00847210)
Timeframe: After 7 days of dosing.

Interventionng*hr/mL/mg (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD2886.26
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD5119.81

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Oral Clearance (CL/F) Pharmacokinetic Parameter.

CL/F is apparent clearance of the drug from the plasma, calculated as the drug dose divided AUC(0-24), expressed in L/hr. (NCT00847210)
Timeframe: After 7 days of dosing.

Interventionliter/hr (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg QD12.81
Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg QD15.29

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Change From Baseline in the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QOL) - Clothing Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.

PAGI-QOL is a 30-item self-reported instrument assessing health-related quality of life impact of upper gastrointestinal disorders. It includes 30 items across five subscales (daily activities, clothing, diet/food habits, relationship, psychological well-being and distress), scored on a 6-point Likert scale with subscale and total score ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (all the time). For reporting purposes, the scores are reversed and higher scores reflect improved quality of life and positive changes from baseline indicate improved quality of life. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD0.02

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Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Bloating Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.

PAGI-SYM is a 20-item self-reported questionnaire that measures symptom severity of upper gastrointestinal disorders across six subscales (nausea/vomiting, fullness/early satiety, bloating, upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, heartburn/regurgitation) which are summarized by individual subscale scores and a total score. The items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale with subscale and total score ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (very severe). Higher scores indicate higher symptom severity and thus negative changes from baseline indicate decrease in symptom severity. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD-0.20

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Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Fullness/Early Satiety Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.

PAGI-SYM is a 20-item self-reported questionnaire that measures symptom severity of upper gastrointestinal disorders across six subscales (nausea/vomiting, fullness/early satiety, bloating, upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, heartburn/regurgitation) which are summarized by individual subscale scores and a total score. The items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale with subscale and total score ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (very severe). Higher scores indicate higher symptom severity and thus negative changes from baseline indicate decrease in symptom severity. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD-0.10

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Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Heartburn/Regurgitation Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.

PAGI-SYM is a 20-item self-reported questionnaire that measures symptom severity of upper gastrointestinal disorders across six subscales (nausea/vomiting, fullness/early satiety, bloating, upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, heartburn/regurgitation) which are summarized by individual subscale scores and a total score. The items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale with subscale and total score ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (very severe). Higher scores indicate higher symptom severity and thus negative changes from baseline indicate decrease in symptom severity. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD-0.14

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Proportion of Participants Who Remain Well Controlled After Switching From Their Current Twice-daily Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy to Dexlansoprazole MR.

Well-controlled participants were defined to be participants who completed the study having at least 23 days of evaluable diary entries between Days 15 and 42, inclusive, and had ≤4 occurrences of heartburn during this period. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Week 3 through Week 6

Interventionpercent of participants (Number)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD88

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Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Lower Abdominal Pain Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.

PAGI-SYM is a 20-item self-reported questionnaire that measures symptom severity of upper gastrointestinal disorders across six subscales (nausea/vomiting, fullness/early satiety, bloating, upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, heartburn/regurgitation) which are summarized by individual subscale scores and a total score. The items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale with subscale and total score ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (very severe). Higher scores indicate higher symptom severity and thus negative changes from baseline indicate decrease in symptom severity. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD-0.03

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Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Nausea/Vomiting Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.

PAGI-SYM is a 20-item self-reported questionnaire that measures symptom severity of upper gastrointestinal disorders across six subscales (nausea/vomiting, fullness/early satiety, bloating, upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, heartburn/regurgitation) which are summarized by individual subscale scores and a total score. The items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale with subscale and total score ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (very severe). Higher scores indicate higher symptom severity and thus negative changes from baseline indicate decrease in symptom severity. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD0.00

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Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Total Score in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.

PAGI-SYM is a 20-item self-reported questionnaire that measures symptom severity of upper gastrointestinal disorders across six subscales (nausea/vomiting, fullness/early satiety, bloating, upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, heartburn/regurgitation) which are summarized by individual subscale scores and a total score. The items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale with subscale and total score ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (very severe). Higher scores indicate higher symptom severity and thus negative changes from baseline indicate decrease in symptom severity. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD-0.09

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Change From Baseline in Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM) - Upper Abdominal Pain Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.

PAGI-SYM is a 20-item self-reported questionnaire that measures symptom severity of upper gastrointestinal disorders across six subscales (nausea/vomiting, fullness/early satiety, bloating, upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, heartburn/regurgitation) which are summarized by individual subscale scores and a total score. The items are rated on a 6-point Likert scale with subscale and total score ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (very severe). Higher scores indicate higher symptom severity and thus negative changes from baseline indicate decrease in symptom severity. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD-0.08

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Change From Baseline in the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QOL) - Daily Activities Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.

PAGI-QOL is a 30-item self-reported instrument assessing health-related quality of life impact of upper gastrointestinal disorders. It includes 30 items across five subscales (daily activities, clothing, diet/food habits, relationship, psychological well-being and distress), scored on a 6-point Likert scale with subscale and total score ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (all the time). For reporting purposes, the scores are reversed and higher scores reflect improved quality of life and positive changes from baseline indicate improved quality of life. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD0.05

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Change From Baseline in the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QOL) - Diet and Food Habits Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.

PAGI-QOL is a 30-item self-reported instrument assessing health-related quality of life impact of upper gastrointestinal disorders. It includes 30 items across five subscales (daily activities, clothing, diet/food habits, relationship, psychological well-being and distress), scored on a 6-point Likert scale with subscale and total score ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (all the time). For reporting purposes, the scores are reversed and higher scores reflect improved quality of life and positive changes from baseline indicate improved quality of life. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD0.27

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Change From Baseline in the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QOL) - Psychological Well-being Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.

PAGI-QOL is a 30-item self-reported instrument assessing health-related quality of life impact of upper gastrointestinal disorders. It includes 30 items across five subscales (daily activities, clothing, diet/food habits, relationship, psychological well-being and distress), scored on a 6-point Likert scale with subscale and total score ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (all the time). For reporting purposes, the scores are reversed and higher scores reflect improved quality of life and positive changes from baseline indicate improved quality of life. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD0.03

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Change From Baseline in the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QOL) - Total Score in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.

PAGI-QOL is a 30-item self-reported instrument assessing health-related quality of life impact of upper gastrointestinal disorders. It includes 30 items across five subscales (daily activities, clothing, diet/food habits, relationship, psychological well-being and distress), scored on a 6-point Likert scale with subscale and total score ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (all the time). For reporting purposes, the scores are reversed and higher scores reflect improved quality of life and positive changes from baseline indicate improved quality of life. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD0.09

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Change From Baseline in the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders - Quality of Life (PAGI-QOL) - Relationship Subscale in Participants Who Remain Well-controlled.

PAGI-QOL is a 30-item self-reported instrument assessing health-related quality of life impact of upper gastrointestinal disorders. It includes 30 items across five subscales (daily activities, clothing, diet/food habits, relationship, psychological well-being and distress), scored on a 6-point Likert scale with subscale and total score ranging from 0 (none) to 5 (all the time). For reporting purposes, the scores are reversed and higher scores reflect improved quality of life and positive changes from baseline indicate improved quality of life. (NCT00847808)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6.

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole MR QD0.10

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Mean Percent Time That Gastric pH > 4.0 on Day 5

for 24 hours starting Day 5 for each period (NCT00903448)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionpercent time gastric pH exceeds 4.0 (Mean)
Prilosec OTC Then Prevacid Then Prevacid36.8
Prevacid Then Prilosec OTC Then Prilosec OTC45.7

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Pharmacodynamic Parameter Platelet Reactivity Index (PRI) From Vasodilator-stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) Phosphorylation State (Flow Cytometry).

PRI is the platelet reactivity index from VASP phosphorylation state (flow cytometry). (NCT00942175)
Timeframe: 24-hour post Day 9 dose in each period.

Interventionpercent inhibition (Mean)
PPI Group 1: Regimen A42.3
PPI Group 1: Regimen B46.4
PPI Group 2: Regimen A41.3
PPI Group 2: Regimen C43.0
PPI Group 3: Regimen A47.9
PPI Group 3: Regimen D59.1
PPI Group 4: Regimen A46.5
PPI Group 4: Regimen E58.0

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Pharmacodynamic Parameter MPA From Aggregometry (Turbidimetric) With 20 µM Adenosine Diphosphate.

MPA from aggregometry (turbidimetric) with 20 µM adenosine diphosphate. (NCT00942175)
Timeframe: 24-hour post Day 9 dose in each period.

Interventionpercentage of MPA (Mean)
PPI Group 1: Regimen A36.7
PPI Group 1: Regimen B41.6
PPI Group 2: Regimen A43.1
PPI Group 2: Regimen C46.3
PPI Group 3: Regimen A43.5
PPI Group 3: Regimen D53.5
PPI Group 4: Regimen A39.3
PPI Group 4: Regimen E47.9

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Pharmacodynamic Parameter Maximum Platelet Aggregation (MPA) From Aggregometry (Turbidimetric) With 5 µM Adenosine Diphosphate.

Maximum platelet aggregation (MPA) from aggregometry (turbidimetric) with 5 µM adenosine diphosphate. (NCT00942175)
Timeframe: 24-hour post Day 9 dose in each period.

Interventionpercentage of MPA (Mean)
PPI Group 1: Regimen A28.1
PPI Group 1: Regimen B30.8
PPI Group 2: Regimen A34.6
PPI Group 2: Regimen C36.2
PPI Group 3: Regimen A34.2
PPI Group 3: Regimen D42.5
PPI Group 4: Regimen A29.3
PPI Group 4: Regimen E38.2

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Pharmacokinetic Parameter Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Clopidogrel's Active Metabolite.

Maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) is the peak plasma concentration of a drug after administration, obtained directly from the plasma concentration-time curve. (NCT00942175)
Timeframe: Day 9 of each period

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
PPI Group 1: Regimen A39.14
PPI Group 1: Regimen B30.01
PPI Group 2: Regimen A38.85
PPI Group 2: Regimen C29.33
PPI Group 3: Regimen A38.25
PPI Group 3: Regimen D22.55
PPI Group 4: Regimen A40.98
PPI Group 4: Regimen E24.69

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Pharmacokinetic Parameter Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC[0-tlqc]) of Clopidogrel's Active Metabolite.

Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC(0-tlqc)) is a measure of total plasma exposure to the drug from Time 0 to Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC[0-tlqc]). (NCT00942175)
Timeframe: Day 9 of each period

Interventionng*hr/ML (Mean)
PPI Group 1: Regimen A41.69
PPI Group 1: Regimen B36.42
PPI Group 2: Regimen A41.25
PPI Group 2: Regimen C37.75
PPI Group 3: Regimen A37.78
PPI Group 3: Regimen D26.28
PPI Group 4: Regimen A42.35
PPI Group 4: Regimen E31.23

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Number of Participants Maintaining Intragastric pH > 3.5 for at Least 12 Hours on Day 1

(NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 24-hr post-dose on Day 1

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Zegerid11
Prevacid®11
No Treatment0

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Median 24-hr Intragastric pH on Day 7

The median intragastric pH values were recorded over a 24-hr period. (NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 24-hour post-dose on Day 7

InterventionpH (Median)
Zegerid3.600
Prevacid®3.100
No Treatment0.800

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Number of Participants Maintaining Intragastric pH > 4 for at Least 12 Hours on Day 1

(NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 24-hr post-dose on Day 1

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Zegerid8
Prevacid®5
No Treatment0

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Number of Participants With Intragastric pH >3.5 for More Than 50% of the Time on Day 7

"Number of participants maintaining intragastric pH > 3.5 for at least 12 hrs at~steady-state on Day 7" (NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 24-hour post-dose on Day 7

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Zegerid30
Prevacid®23
No Treatment0

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Number of Participants With Intragastric pH >4 for More Than 50% of the Time on Day 7

"Number of participants maintaining intragastric pH > 4 for at least 12 hrs at~steady-state on Day 7" (NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 24-hour post-dose on Day 7

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Zegerid26
Prevacid®18
No Treatment0

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Percentage of Time Intragastric is pH >4 Over 24-hour Period on Day 7

(NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 24-hour post-dose on Day 7

InterventionPercentage of time (Median)
Zegerid40.538
Prevacid®36.917
No Treatment4.852

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Time to Achieve Sustained Advantage Over No Treatment During the First 4 Hours After Dosing

"The earliest time during the first 4 hours after dosing that the median~pH for the treatment is over 1 unit higher than that for the No treatment during the next three 5 minute intervals. (When this condition does not occur, the time to sustained advantage will be imputed as 4 hours.)" (NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to event on Day 1 and Day 7

,
InterventionMinutes (Median)
Day 1 (N=59, N=57)Day 7 (N=59, N=59)
Prevacid®85.0005.000
Zegerid35.00010.000

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The Difference in the Onset of Action Based on Median pH Values Between the Two Active Treatments Compared to No Treatment on Day 1 and Day 7

Median intragastric pH scores were collected at 5 minute intervals after treatment dose. The difference in the onset of action was the earliest 5 minute interval (from start of interval to end of interval) for which each active treatment presented a statistically significantly advantage over No treatment based on median pH values. The earliest 5 minute interval showing the difference in onset of action is reported here. (NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 4-hr post-dose on Day 1 and Day 7

,,
InterventionpH (Median)
Day 1 (0-5 mins), (N=59, N=57, N=59)Day 7 (0-5 mins), (N=59, N=59, N=59)
No Treatment0.920.82
Prevacid®1.1801.950
Zegerid1.0501.840

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Median Time to Achieve Intragastric pH > = 3.5 for a 10-Minute Period

The time required to achieve an intragastric pH ≥3.5 that is reached for 10 consecutive minutes after drug administration on the 1st and 7th days of dosing. (NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 4-hr post-dose on Day 1 and Day 7

,,
InterventionMinutes (Median)
Day 1 (N=59, N=57, N=59)Day 7 (N=59, N=59, N=59)
No Treatment240.00240.00
Prevacid®108.86766.667
Zegerid64.86722.667

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Achievement of Sustained Difference in Inhibition of Intragastric Acidity Based on Median pH Values Between the Two Active Study Treatments at Steady-state on Day 7

Median intragastric pH scores were collected at 5 minute intervals after treatment dose. The achievement of sustained difference was the earliest time for which a statistically significant difference was observed in the median intragastric pH scores for 3 consecutive 5-minute intervals. The earliest 3 time points for which a statistically significant difference was observed between the median intragastric pH values for the two active treatments for three consecutive 5-minute intervals are shown here. (NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 4-hr post-dose on Day 7

,
InterventionpH (Median)
10-15 Minutes Post-dose on Day 715-20 Minutes Post-dose on Day 720-25 Minutes Post-dose on Day 7
Prevacid®1.8201.7601.950
Zegerid2.6003.2304.920

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Percentage of Time Intragastric pH >3.5 Over 24-hour Period on Day 7

(NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 24-hours post-dose on Day 7

InterventionPercentage of Time (Median)
Zegerid51.321
Prevacid®43.990
No Treatment7.927

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Achievement of Sustained Difference in Inhibition of Intragastric Acidity Based on Median pH Values Between the Two Active Study Treatments at Steady-state on Day 1

Median intragastric pH scores were collected at 5 minute intervals after treatment dose. The achievement of sustained difference was the earliest time for which a statistically significant difference was observed in the median intragastric pH scores for 3 consecutive 5-minute intervals. The earliest 3 time points for which a statistically significant difference was observed between the median intragastric pH values for the two active treatments for three consecutive 5-minute intervals are shown here. (NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 4-hr post-dose on Day 1

,
InterventionpH (Median)
10-15 Minutes Post-dose on Day 115-20 Minutes Post-dose on Day 120-25 Minutes Post-dose on Day 1
Prevacid®1.0701.0800.990
Zegerid1.3301.4201.590

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Time to Onset of Inhibition of Acid Secretion on Day 1

The onset of inhibition of acid secretion was the first time to sustain median pH >3.5 for each of the twenty-four successive 5-minute periods. If this condition was not met for any time point within the first 4 hours following dosing, a score of 240 minutes was imputed. (NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to onset of event on Day 1

InterventionMinutes (Median)
Zegerid240.00
Prevacid®240.00
No Treatment240.00

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Percentage of Time Intragastric pH >4 During the First 4 Hours on Day 1

(NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 4-hours post-dose on Day 1

InterventionPercentage of Time (Median)
Zegerid21.500
Prevacid®9.525
No Treatment3.667

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Percentage of Time Intragastric pH >4 Over the Nocturnal Period on Day 1

(NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 24-hour post-dose on Day 1

InterventionPercentage of Time (Median)
Zegerid0.681
Prevacid®1.987
No Treatment0.111

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Time to Achieve Sustained Intragastric pH > 3.5 at Steady-state on Day 7

The first time to sustain median pH > 3.5 for at least 3 successive 5-minute periods within the first 2 hours after dosing with Zegerid Capsules, and Prevacid Capsules, or No treatment on the 7th day of respective treatments. If this condition was not met for any time point within the first 2 hours following dosing, a score of 120 minutes was imputed. (NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 2-hours post-dose on Day 7

InterventionMinutes (Median)
Zegerid25.000
Prevacid®65.000
No Treatment100.000

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Percentage Time Intragastric pH >4 During the First 4 Hours After Dosing on Day 7

(NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 4 hours Post-dose on Day 7

InterventionPercentage of time (Median)
Zegerid64.639
Prevacid®44.194
No Treatment6.056

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Percentage of Time Intragastric pH >4 Over the Nocturnal Period on Day 7

(NCT01005719)
Timeframe: Treatment dose to 24-hour post-dose on Day 7

InterventionPercentage of Time (Median)
Zegerid9.236
Prevacid®9.685
No Treatment0.028

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Overall Assessment of Study Medication by Investigator

Investigator's overall assessment of study medication based on the global symptom assessment was measured. The assessment was categorized as: 2=very good, 1=good, 0=as usual, -1=bad and -2=very bad. (NCT01008696)
Timeframe: Day 57

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Rabeprazole1.37
Lansoprazole1.43

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Change From Baseline in Symptoms of Reflux Esophagitis Evaluated by the Symptom Assessment Questionnaire

Gastroesophageal reflux disease and abdominal GI-related symptoms (heartburn, regurgitation, globus sensation, chronic cough, epigastric pain, non cardiac chest pain, hoarseness, dysphagia, abdominal distension, bloating, post-prandial discomfort, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, belching) experienced by participants were assessed and graded into 4 categories: 0 (Nothing)=No symptom, 1 (Mild)=A little but not uncomfortable, 2 (Moderate)=Present but interfering daily life activities a little, 3 (Severe)=Very uncomfortable, interfering daily life activities or sleeping. (NCT01008696)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 57

,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline: Heartburn (n=87, 91)Baseline:Regurgitation (n=87, 91)Baseline: Globus sensation (n=87, 91)Baseline: Chronic cough (n=87, 91)Baseline: Epigastric pain (n=87, 90)Baseline: Non cardiac chest pain (n=85, 90)Baseline: Hoarseness (n=87, 90)Baseline: Dysphagia (n=87, 91)Baseline: Abdominal distension (n=87, 91)Baseline: Bloating (n=87, 90)Baseline: Post-prandial discomfort (n=87, 91)Baseline: Early satiety (n=86, 91)Baseline: Nausea (n=87, 91)Baseline: Vomiting (n=87, 91)Baseline: Belching (n=87, 91)Change at Day 57: Heartburn (n=87, 91)Change at Day 57: Regurgitation (n=87, 91)Change at Day 57: Globus sensation (n=87, 91)Change at Day 57: Chronic cough (n=87, 91)Change at Day 57: Epigastric pain (n=87, 90)Change at Day 57:Non cardiac chest pain (n=85, 90)Change at Day 57: Hoarseness (n=87, 90)Change at Day 57: Dysphagia (n=87, 91)Change at Day 57: Abdominal distension (n=87, 91)Change at Day 57: Bloating (n=87, 90)Change at Day57:Post-prandial discomfort (n=87,91)Change at Day 57: Early satiety (n=86, 91)Change at Day 57: Nausea (n=87, 91)Change at Day 57: Vomiting (n=87, 91)Change at Day 57: Belching (n=87, 91)
Lansoprazole0.590.930.820.300.940.260.220.220.590.440.550.250.130.020.36-0.54-0.84-0.32-0.21-0.77-0.20-0.17-0.14-0.40-0.37-0.35-0.16-0.11-0.02-0.29
Rabeprazole0.610.980.550.340.910.330.230.160.610.550.530.270.160.080.38-0.55-0.89-0.31-0.22-0.77-0.28-0.14-0.11-0.38-0.41-0.45-0.21-0.16-0.08-0.25

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Percentage of Participants Completely Cured of Reflux Esophagitis Evaluated by Endoscopy Based on CYP2C19

Reflux esophagitis evaluated by endoscopy as per LA Classification graded as: A=1 or more mucosal breaks no longer than 5 millimeter (mm) that did not extend between tops of 2 mucosal folds, B=1 or more mucosal breaks more than 5 mm long that did not extend between tops of 2 mucosal folds, C=1 or more mucosal break continuous between the tops of 2 or more mucosal folds but involves less than 75 percent of circumference, D=1 or more mucosal break involving at least 75 percent of circumference. Participants that were not categorized in any of the above mentioned grades (A to D) were considered as cured of reflux esophagitis. Participants were classified as CYP2C19 homozygous extensive, heterozygous extensive and poor metabolizers. (NCT01008696)
Timeframe: Day 57

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Homozygous Extensive Metabolizer (n=42, 35)Heterozygous Extensive Metabolizer (n=30, 38)Poor Metabolizer (n=15, 18)
Lansoprazole93.94100.00100.00
Rabeprazole97.37100.0093.33

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Measure: Maximum Heartburn Intensity for Those Participants Who Experience Any Nighttime Heartburn

"Heartburn severity was measured using a Visual Analog Scale, which was 100 milliimeters long.~0 millimeters: None (no heartburn) 100 millimeters: Most severe" (NCT01037452)
Timeframe: 1 day

Interventionmillimeters (Mean)
Combination Product8.2
PPI Alone7.0
Antacid Alone4.7
Placebo4.0

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Measure: Number of Participants That Reported an Adverse Event for the Combination Product, PPI Alone, Antacid Alone and Placebo.

(NCT01037452)
Timeframe: 1 day

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Combination Product0
PPI Alone1
Antacid Alone0
Placebo0

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Measure: Number of Participants With no Heartburn (Post Treatment) Following Consumption of Heartburn-inducing Meal

Participant reported severity of heartburn using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS)directly on CRF every 15 minutes until no heartburn reported or up to 5 hours after 1st heartburn-inducing meal, whichever occurred first. At this point in time, a diary was provided to participants to record any changes in severity of heartburn for 28 hours post treatment. (NCT01037452)
Timeframe: 1 day

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Combination Product0
PPI Alone2
Antacid Alone1
Placebo0

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Measure: Maximum Heartburn Intensity for Those Participants Who Experience Any Heartburn After the Heartburn-inducing Meals

"Heartburn severity was measured using a Visual Analog Scale, which was 100 milliimeters long.~0 millimeters: None (no heartburn) 100 millimeters: Most severe" (NCT01037452)
Timeframe: 1 day

Interventionmillimeters (Mean)
Combination Product69.3
PPI Alone61.2
Antacid Alone59.1
Placebo56.9

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The Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax)

Maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) is the peak plasma concentration of a drug after administration, obtained directly from the plasma concentration-time curve. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using noncompartmental methods from the plasma concentrations of dexlansoprazole. (NCT01045096)
Timeframe: Day 7 after 7 days of dosing with dexlansoprazole delayed release capsules.

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole 15 mg QD559
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg QD1005
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg QD964

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Dose-normalized Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to 24 Hours Post-dose (AUC(0-24)/Dose)

AUC(0-24) is measure of area under the curve over the dosing interval (tau), where tau is the length of the dosing interval (24 hours), calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule and normalized by dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using noncompartmental methods from the plasma concentrations of dexlansoprazole. (NCT01045096)
Timeframe: Day 7 after 7 days of dosing with dexlansoprazole delayed release capsules.

Interventionng*hr/mL/mg (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole 15 mg QD143.2
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg QD87.6
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg QD55.5

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC(0-tlqc))

AUC(0-tlqc) is a measure of total plasma exposure to the drug from Time 0 to Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (tlqc), calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using noncompartmental methods from the plasma concentrations of dexlansoprazole. (NCT01045096)
Timeframe: Day 7 after 7 days of dosing with dexlansoprazole delayed release capsules.

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole 15 mg QD1914
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg QD2892
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg QD3747

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Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to 24 Hours Post-dose (AUC(0-24))

AUC(0-24) is measure of area under the curve over the dosing interval (tau), where tau is the length of the dosing interval (24 hours), calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using noncompartmental methods from the plasma concentrations of dexlansoprazole. (NCT01045096)
Timeframe: Day 7 after 7 days of dosing with dexlansoprazole delayed release capsules.

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole 15 mg QD2149
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg QD2628
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg QD3330

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Time to Reach the Peak Plasma Concentration (Tmax)

Time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of Dexlansoprazole, equal to time (hours) to Cmax, as observed on Day 7. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using noncompartmental methods from the plasma concentrations of dexlansoprazole. (NCT01045096)
Timeframe: Day 7 after 7 days of dosing with dexlansoprazole delayed release capsules.

Interventionhours (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole 15 mg QD4.4
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg QD4.1
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg QD4.1

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Dose-normalized Peak Plasma Concentration (Cmax/Dose)

Maximum observed plasma concentration (the peak plasma concentration of a drug after administration), normalized by dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using noncompartmental methods from the plasma concentrations of dexlansoprazole. (NCT01045096)
Timeframe: Day 7 after 7 days of dosing with dexlansoprazole delayed release capsules.

Interventionng/mL/mg (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole 15 mg QD37.3
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg QD33.5
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg QD16.1

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Dose-normalized Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) From Time 0 to Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (AUC(0-tlqc)/Dose)

AUC(0-tlqc) is a measure of total plasma exposure to the drug from Time 0 to Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration (tlqc), calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule, and normalized by dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using noncompartmental methods from the plasma concentrations of dexlansoprazole. (NCT01045096)
Timeframe: Day 7 after 7 days of dosing with dexlansoprazole delayed release capsules.

Interventionng*hr/mL/mg (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole 15 mg QD128
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg QD96
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg QD62

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AUC0-inf (Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity)

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-inf. (NCT01045967)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 12 hour period.

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Test (Lansoprazole)2253.776
Reference (Prevacid®)2195.918

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AUC0-t (Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Measurable Concentration)

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-t. (NCT01045967)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 12 hour period.

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Test (Lansoprazole)2156.104
Reference (Prevacid®)2130.082

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Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration of Drug Substance in Plasma)

Bioequivalence based on Cmax. (NCT01045967)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 12 hour period.

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Test (Lansoprazole)939.025
Reference (Prevacid®)865.678

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Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration of Drug Substance in Plasma)

Bioequivalence based on Cmax. (NCT01046084)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 14 hour period.

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Test (Lansoprazole)272.038
Reference (Prevacid®)238.043

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AUC0-inf (Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity)

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-inf. (NCT01046084)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 14 hour period.

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Test (Lansoprazole)1060.923
Reference (Prevacid®)938.857

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AUC0-t (Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Measurable Concentration)

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-t. (NCT01046084)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 14 hour period.

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Test (Lansoprazole)979.389
Reference (Prevacid®)890.06

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AUC0-t (Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Measurable Concentration)

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-t. (NCT01046253)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 12 hour period.

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Test (Lansoprazole)1938.669
Reference (Prevacid®)1982.598

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Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration of Drug Substance in Plasma)

Bioequivalence based on Cmax. (NCT01046253)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 12 hour period.

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Test (Lansoprazole)782.438
Reference (Prevacid®)738.531

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AUC0-inf (Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity)

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-inf. (NCT01046253)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over a 12 hour period.

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Test (Lansoprazole)1998.063
Reference (Prevacid®)2052.519

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Change in Esophageal Inflammation Biomarker COX-2 Gene Expression

Change from baseline in esophageal issue biopsy cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression, as determined by Western blot. (NCT01093755)
Timeframe: 3 months, 6 months

,
Intervention% of tubulin (Mean)
Change from baseline at 3 monthsChange from baseline at 6 months
Dexlansoprazole36.8156.54
Omeprazole27.1725.49

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Change in Inflammation Biomarker Tissue PGE2 Level

Change from baseline in esophageal tissue biopsy prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level, as determined by enzyme immunoassay (NCT01093755)
Timeframe: 3 months, 6 months

,
Interventionnanograms/gram of tissue (Mean)
Change from baseline at 3 monthsChange from baseline at 6 months
Dexlansoprazole1.351.19
Omeprazole-0.02-0.06

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Cornea Assessment of Right Eye

The cornea of the right eye was assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5. Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as cataracts, corneal degeneration, opacity, scars or deposits. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in corneal classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data46110
Normal783434
Pathological3516

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Lens Assessment of Left Eye

"The lens of the left eye was assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5.~Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as cataracts, lenticular opacities, vacuoles or pseudophakia. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in lens classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows)." (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data4665
Normal5619343
Pathological258124

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Vitreous Body Assessment of Right Eye

"The vitreous body of the right eye was assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5.~Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as myodesopsia, vitreous opacities, degeneration, detachment or prolapse. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in vitreous body classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows)." (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data46110
Normal7333811
Pathological8217

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Lens Assessment of Right Eye

"The lens of the right eye was assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5.~Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as cataracts, lenticular opacities, vacuoles or pseudophakia. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in lens classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows)." (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data4683
Normal5619344
Pathological257124

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Vitreous Body Assessment of Left Eye

"The vitreous body of the left eye was assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5.~Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as myodesopsia, vitreous opacities, degeneration, detachment or prolapse. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in vitreous body classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows)." (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data47120
Normal733417
Pathological7316

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Change From Baseline in Reflux Disease Symptom - Cough & Sore Throat

Cough and sore throat symptoms were assessed by the Investigator at Baseline and the Week 8 visit. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in symptom intensity (mild, moderate, severe or none) between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Week 8 (depicted in the rows) for all patients. (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Week 8 Symptoms: NoneWeek 8 Symptoms: MildWeek 8 Symptoms: ModerateWeek 8 Symptoms: SevereWeek 8 Missing data
Mild714303
Moderate247004
None305163019
Severe146201

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Change From Baseline in Reflux Disease Symptoms - Acid Regurgitation

Acid regurgitation symptoms were assessed by the Investigator at Baseline and the Week 8 visit. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in symptom intensity (mild, moderate, severe or none) between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Week 8 (depicted in the rows) for all patients. (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Week 8 Symptoms: NoneWeek 8 Symptoms: MildWeek 8 Symptoms: ModerateWeek 8 Symptoms: SevereWeek 8 Missing data
Mild11319004
Moderate125282110
None584103
Severe8122308

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Change From Baseline in Reflux Disease Symptom - Pain in Upper Abdomen

Pain in the upper abdomen symptoms were assessed by the Investigator at Baseline and the Week 8 visit. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in symptom intensity (mild, moderate, severe or none) between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Week 8 (depicted in the rows) for all patients. (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Week 8 Symptoms: NoneWeek 8 Symptoms: MildWeek 8 Symptoms: ModerateWeek 8 Symptoms: SevereWeek 8 Missing data
Mild12519407
Moderate86212110
None1249006
Severe4410833

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Change From Baseline in Reflux Disease Symptom - Nausea & Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting symptoms were assessed by the Investigator at Baseline and the Week 8 visit. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in symptom intensity (mild, moderate, severe or none) between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Week 8 (depicted in the rows) for all patients. (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Week 8 Symptoms: NoneWeek 8 Symptoms: MildWeek 8 Symptoms: ModerateWeek 8 Symptoms: SevereWeek 8 Missing data
Mild7891010
Moderate259200
None303102015
Severe132201

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Change From Baseline in Reflux Disease Symptom - Heartburn

Heartburn symptoms were assessed by the Investigator at Baseline and the Week 8 visit. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in symptom intensity (mild, moderate, severe or none) between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Week 8 (depicted in the rows) for all patients. (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Week 8 Symptoms: NoneWeek 8 Symptoms: MildWeek 8 Symptoms: ModerateWeek 8 Symptoms: SevereWeek 8 Missing data
Mild597003
Moderate11727408
Severe1864312214

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Ophthalmologic Examination - Visual Acuity

Visual Acuity was measured using the Snellen eye chart at a distance of 6 meters. Acuity is expressed as a ratio of the test distance (6 M) / the distance the average eye can see the letters on a certain line of the eye chart. Visual acuity of 1 is normal; an individual with acuity of 0.5 could only recognize an object at half the distance compared to an individual with normal acuity. (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

Interventionratio (Mean)
Right Eye: Acuity at Baseline (n=443)Right Eye: Acuity at Year 5 (n=376)Left Eye: Acuity at Baseline (n=447)Left Eye: Acuity at Year 5 (n=379)
Lansoprazole0.9270.9040.9190.894

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Change From Baseline in Antrum Atrophy

Atrophy was assessed by histopathological examination of cells biopsied from the antrum and classified according to the Sydney classification as mild, moderate, severe or none. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in atrophy classification (mild, moderate, severe or none) between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No atrophyYear 5: Mild atrophyYear 5: Moderate atrophyYear 5: Severe atrophyYear 5: No data
Mild2315028
Moderate41101
No Atrophy30674091
No Data232017
Severe10000

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Change From Baseline in Antrum Intestinal Metaplasia

Intestinal metaplasia was assessed by biopsy and histopathological examination of the antrum and classified according to the Sydney classification as mild, moderate, severe or none. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in intestinal metaplasia classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: NoneYear 5: MildYear 5: ModerateYear 5: SevereYear 5: No data
Mild1321012
Moderate42100
No Data232107
None319650108

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Change From Baseline in Average Antrum Chronic Inflammation Score

Chronic inflammation of the antrum was assessed by histopathology and graded according to the Sydney classification: 0 = None; 1 = mild; 2 = moderate; 3 = Severe (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (n=473)Change from Baseline (n=353)
Lansoprazole0.8-0.2

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Change From Baseline in Blood Analysis - Follicle Stimulating Hormone

The change between follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) measured at year 5 in males including final visit and follicle stimulating hormone measured at baseline. (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5.

InterventionIU/L (Mean)
Baseline (n=286)Change from Baseline (n=214)
Lansoprazole7.620.39

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Change From Baseline in Blood Analysis - Luteinizing Hormone

The change between luteinizing hormone measured at year 5 in males including final visit and luteinizing hormone measured at baseline. (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

InterventionIU/L (Mean)
Baseline (n=286)Change from Baseline (n=214)
Lansoprazole4.730.71

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Change From Baseline in Blood Analysis - Testosterone

The change between testosterone measured at year 5 in males including final visit and Testosterone measured at baseline. (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

Interventionµg/L (Mean)
Baseline (n=285)Change from Baseline (n=214)
Lansoprazole4.570.16

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Change From Baseline in Corpus Atrophy

Atrophy was assessed by histopathological examination of cells biopsied from the corpus and classified according to the Sydney classification as mild, moderate, severe or none. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in atrophy classification (mild, moderate, severe or none) between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No atrophyYear 5: Mild atrophyYear 5: Moderate atrophyYear 5: Severe atrophyYear 5: No data
Mild120218
Moderate10100
No Atrophy330970105
No Data1710111

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Change From Baseline in Reflux Disease Symptom - Difficulty Swallowing

Difficulty swallowing symptoms were assessed by the Investigator at Baseline and the Week 8 visit. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in symptom intensity (mild, moderate, severe or none) between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Week 8 (depicted in the rows) for all patients. (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Week 8 Symptoms: NoneWeek 8 Symptoms: MildWeek 8 Symptoms: ModerateWeek 8 Symptoms: SevereWeek 8 Missing data
Mild899004
Moderate335115
None29373013
Severe132112

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Change From Baseline in Corpus Chronic Inflammation Score

Chronic inflammation of the corpus was assessed by histopathology and graded according to the Sydney classification: 0 = None; 1 = mild; 2 = moderate; 3 = Severe. (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (n=476)Change from Baseline (n=363)
Lansoprazole0.4-0.0

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Change From Baseline in Corpus Intestinal Metaplasia

Intestinal metaplasia was assessed by biopsy and histopathological examination of the corpus and classified according to the Sydney classification as mild, moderate, severe or none. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in intestinal metaplasia classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: NoneYear 5: MildYear 5: ModerateYear 5: SevereYear 5: No data
Mild12001
No Data1801011
None359100112

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Retinal Blood Vessels of the Left Eye

The retinal blood vessels of the left eye were assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5. Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as retinal vascular disorder, retinopathy, and retinal hemorrhage. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in retinal blood vessel classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data4674
Normal6827823
Pathological13760

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Change From Baseline in Enterochromaffin-like Cell Hyperplasia

"Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells were evaluated and classified by histopathological examinations as Normal, Simple (diffuse) hyperplasia, or Linear, chain producing hyperplasia.~The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in ECL-cell classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows) for all patients." (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: NormalYear 5: Simple hyperplasiaYear 5: Linear hyperplasiaYear 5: No data
Linear1000
No Data264214
Normal3151013108
Simple8203

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Accommodation

Accommodation is the adjustment of the focal length of the eye lens to keep an object in focus on the retina as its distance from the eye varies, and is measured in diopters: Diopters = 1/(focal length). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

Interventiondiopters (Mean)
Right Eye: Baseline (n=424)Right Eye: Change from Baseline (n=348)Left Eye: Baseline (n=426)Left Eye: Change from Baseline (n=349)
Lansoprazole2.877-0.0902.835-0.073

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Adaptation With Glare

"Adaptation is the ability of the eye to adjust to various levels of darkness and light. Normal and pathological status of adaptation with glare was defined as follows:~Normal status: Contrast between 1:0.05 and 1:23.5.~Pathological status: Contrast = 0 or contrast > 1:23.5.~The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in the classification of adaptation with glare between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows)." (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: Missing dataYear 5: Decreased due to ageYear 5: PathologicalYear 5: Normal
Decreased Due to Age2402
Missing Data752833
Normal58118251
Pathological1201624

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Adaptation Without Glare

"Adaptation is the ability of the eye to adjust to various levels of darkness and light. Normal and pathological status of adaptation without glare was defined as follows:~Normal status: Contrast between 1:0.05 and 1:23.5.~Pathological status: Contrast = 0 or contrast > 1:23.5.~The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in the classification of adaptation without glare between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows)." (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: Missing dataYear 5: Decreased due to ageYear 5: PathologicalYear 5: Normal
Decreased Due to Age1402
Missing Data620130
Normal73114288
Pathological401016

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Macula Lutea of the Left Eye

The macula lutea of the left eye was assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5. Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as maculopathy, retinal pigmentation, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal hemorrhage or aneurysm. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in macula lutea classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data46101
Normal7732318
Pathological4522

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Macula Lutea of the Right Eye

The macula lutea of the right eye was assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5. Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as maculopathy, retinal pigmentation, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal hemorrhage or aneurysm. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in macula lutea classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data49101
Normal7531720
Pathological4327

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Optic Nerve and Papilla of the Left Eye

The optic nerve and papilla of the left eye was assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5. Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as optic nerve cupping, optic nerve cup/disc ratio, or glaucomatous optic disc atrophy. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in optic nerve/papilla classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data46110
Normal753398
Pathological6417

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Optic Nerve and Papilla of the Right Eye

The optic nerve and papilla of the right eye was assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5. Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as optic nerve cupping, optic nerve cup/disc ratio, or glaucomatous optic disc atrophy. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in optic nerve/papilla classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data48110
Normal763379
Pathological4417

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Retinal Aspect of the Left Eye

The retinal aspect of the left eye (such as color anomalies) was assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5. Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as deep red ocular fundus, fundus myopicus, retinal disorders, exudates or pigmentation. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in retinal aspect classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data46110
Normal803611
Pathological115

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Retinal Aspect of the Right Eye

The retinal aspect of the right eye (such as color anomalies) was assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5. Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as deep red ocular fundus, fundus myopicus, retinal disorders, exudates or pigmentation. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in retinal aspect classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data48110
Normal803562
Pathological018

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Assessment of Retinal Blood Vessels of the Right Eye

The retinal blood vessels of the right eye were assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5. Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as retinal vascular disorder, retinopathy, and retinal hemorrhage. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in retinal blood vessel classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data4874
Normal6827922
Pathological12660

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Color Vision

Color vision was assessed by an Ophthalmologist and classified as normal or pathological. Pathological findings include abnormal color vision tests, color blindness and anomalous quotient. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in color vision classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data46120
Normal7632010
Pathological51027

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Change From Baseline in Ophthalmologic Examination - Cornea Assessment of Left Eye

The cornea of the left eye was assessed by an Ophthalmologist and judged to be normal or pathological at Baseline and at Year 5. Pathological classification includes abnormal findings such as cataracts, corneal degeneration, opacity, scars or deposits. Normal indicates no pathological findings were observed. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in corneal classification between Baseline (depicted in the columns) and Year 5 (depicted in the rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Year 5

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Year 5: No dataYear 5: NormalYear 5: Pathological
No Data46110
Normal773484
Pathological4511

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Change From Baseline in Endoscopic Healing of Erosive Reflux Disease as Assessed by Endoscopy

Los Angeles Classification is used to grade the extension of changes in the oesophagus induced by reflux disease (Grade 0: normal aspect of mucosa; Grade A: ≥1 mucosal breaks no longer than 5 mm; Grade B: ≥1 mucosal breaks >5 mm long; Grade C: mucosal breaks extending between tops of two or more mucosal folds but are <75% of the circumference; Grade D: mucosal breaks ≥75% of the circumference). Healed defined as anything less than Grade A criteria. The shift table below summarizes the individual transitions in Los Angeles classification between Baseline (table columns) and Week 8 (table rows). (NCT01135368)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Week 8: Grade 0Week 8: Grade AWeek 8: Grade BWeek 8: Grade CWeek 8: No data
Grade 038000130
Grade A97170035
Grade B79193017
Grade C1761114
Grade D42110

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2 Hour C-peptide AUC in Response to MMTT

Blood samples for C-peptide were collected at baseline (pre-meal) and 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post-meal. (NCT01155284)
Timeframe: Month 12

Interventionpmol/L (Median)
Sitagliptin and Lansoprazole358
Placebo495

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2 Hour C-peptide AUC in Response to MMTT

Blood samples for C-peptide were collected at baseline (pre-meal) and 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-meal. (NCT01155284)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpmol/L (Median)
Sitagliptin and Lansoprazole485
Placebo675

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Change in Reflux Symptom Index (RSI)

The Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) is a 9-item measure with each symptom rated from 0 (no problem) to 5 (severe problem), for a total possible range of 0 (no problem) to 45 (severe problem). An RSI of >13 is considered to be abnormal. (NCT01317472)
Timeframe: Baseline to 2 months

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole18
Sugar Pill13

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Number of Participants With Eosinophilic Esophagitis

(NCT01404832)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Patients Whose PPI Was Changed to Lansoprazole0

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Number of Patients Who Had Resolution of Heartburn With Lansoprazole

Resolution of heartburn defined as >50% improvement in symptoms (NCT01404832)
Timeframe: After 8 weeks of treatment

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Patients Whose PPI Was Changed to Lansoprazole9

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Plaque Index

"Plaque index of Silness and Loe will be monitored at buccal and lingual surfaces of all teeth after 30 days:~0 no visible microbial plaque~thin film of visible microbial plaque in sulcus~moderate accumulation of plaque in sulcus~large amount of plaque in sulcus or along free gingival margin" (NCT01568944)
Timeframe: 30 days

InterventionpI index (Median)
Oral Antibiotic and Oral Rinse2
Standard Treatment3

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Gingival Index

"Gingival index of Loe and Silness on facial, lingual and mesial surfaces of all teeth will be monitored after 30 days:~0 Normal, no inflammation~Mild inflammation, slight color change and edema, no bleeding~Moderate inflammation, redness, edema, bleeds on probing~Severe inflammation, marked redness and edema ulceration, spontaneous bleeding" (NCT01568944)
Timeframe: 30 days

InterventionGI (Median)
Oral Antibiotic and Oral Rinse2
Standard Treatment3

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Frequency of Blood Dendritic Cells From Baseline

The frequency of blood dendritic cells, i.e. % CCR6+CD1a+ DCs by flow cytometry 30 days after treatment with 7 day regimen of antibiotics, mouthrinse therapy and scaling and root planing (SRP) will be compared to those who did not receive the antibiotics, but did receive mouthrinse and scaling and root planing (SRP) (NCT01568944)
Timeframe: 30 days

Intervention% MFI (Mean)
Oral Antibiotic and Oral Rinse12
Standard Treatment14

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Probing Depths

Probing depths (distance from the free gingival margin to the base of the pocket in mm at six sites per tooth) will be monitored after 30 days (NCT01568944)
Timeframe: 30 days

Interventionmm (Mean)
Oral Antibiotic and Oral Rinse4.2
Standard Treatment4.7

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Probing Attachment Levels

Probing attachment levels (distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the base of the periodontal pocket in mm at 6 sites p[er tooth) will be monitored after 30 days (NCT01568944)
Timeframe: 30 days

Interventionmm (Mean)
Oral Antibiotic and Oral Rinse4.2
Standard Treatment4.6

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Serum Cytokine Response

serum CCL20 in pg/ml by ELISA will be measured after 30 days (NCT01568944)
Timeframe: 30 days

Interventionpg/ml (Mean)
Oral Antibiotic and Oral Rinse22
Standard Treatment32

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The Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn Over the 4 Weeks of Treatment

Participants documented the presence or absence and the degree to which daytime and nighttime heartburn symptoms hurt daily in an electronic daily diary. (NCT01642602)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

InterventionPercentage of days (Median)
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg47.3

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Percent of Participants Who Experience Each Treatment Emergent Adverse Event Experienced by ≥5% of Participants While Receiving Dexlansoprazole During the 4 Week Treatment Period

A Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE) is defined as an Adverse Event (AE) that started or worsened on or after Study Day 1 (defined as first dose day), and no more than 30 days after the last dose of study drug. (NCT01642602)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
DiarrhoeaHeadache
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg6.76.7

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Percentage of Participants Who Maintain Healing of EE From Week 8 to Week 24

Percentage of participants who maintain healing of EE from Week 8 to Week 24 among the patients who were healed at Week 8 as assessed by endoscopy. (NCT01642615)
Timeframe: From Week 8 to Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Maintenance Phase: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg81.8
Maintenance Phase: Placebo58.3

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Percent of Participants Who Experience Each Treatment Emergent Adverse Event Experienced by ≥5% of Participants During the 16-week Maintenance Treatment Period

An Adverse Event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a drug; it does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (eg, a clinically significant abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a drug, whether or not it is considered related to the drug. A Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE) is defined as an Adverse Event (AE) that starts or worsens on or after Study Day 1, and no more than 30 days after the last dose. (NCT01642615)
Timeframe: From Week 8 to Week 24

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Abdominal painAbdominal pain upperErosive oesophagitisDiarrhoeaPyrexiaNasopharyngitisPharyngitisSinusitisUpper respiratory tract infectionBronchitisHeadacheInsomnia
Maintenance Phase: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg12.04.04.00.00.012.012.012.08.08.024.08.0
Maintenance Phase: Placebo11.57.77.77.77.715.40.00.00.03.815.40.0

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Percent of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn Over the First 8 Weeks of Treatment

Percent of days with neither daytime nor nighttime heartburn over the first 8 weeks of treatment as assessed by electronic daily diary. The percent of days with neither daytime or nighttime heartburn = (total number of days that are heartburn free)/(total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result is marked) x 100%. (NCT01642615)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpercent of days (Mean)
Healing Phase: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg59.6

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Percent of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn Over Weeks 8 to 24

The percent of days with neither daytime nor nighttime heartburn over Weeks 8 to 24 as assessed by electronic daily diary among the participants who were healed at Week 8. The percent of days with neither daytime or nighttime heartburn = (total number of days that are heartburn free)/(total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result is marked) x 100%. (NCT01642615)
Timeframe: Weeks 8 to 24

Interventionpercent of days (Mean)
Maintenance Phase: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg76.7
Maintenance Phase: Placebo68.9

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Percentage of Participants With Healing of Erosive Esophagitis (EE) by Week 8

Healing of EE was assessed by endoscopy. (NCT01642615)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Healing Phase: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg87.9

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Percentage of Participants Who Experience Each Treatment Emergent Adverse Event Experienced by ≥5% of Participants During the 8-week Healing Treatment Period

An Adverse Event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a drug; it does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (eg, a clinically significant abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a drug, whether or not it is considered related to the drug. A Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE) is defined as an Adverse Event (AE) that starts or worsens on or after Study Day 1, and no more than 30 days after the last dose. (NCT01642615)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
DiarrhoeaNasopharyngitisHeadacheOropharyngeal pain
Healing Phase: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg6.56.512.98.1

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Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Cmax)

The Cmax of LY2940680 during Part A of the study was reported. (NCT01681186)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionnanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
50-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)622
100-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)661
200-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)1740
400-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)3360

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Part B: Pharmacokinetics: Time to Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Tmax)

Part B: Pharmacokinetics: Time to Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (tmax) (NCT01681186)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionhours (h) (Median)
100-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)1
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet (Fasted)1.5
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet (Fed)3
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet (Fasted) PPI1

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Part B: Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Observed Concentrations (Cmax) of LY2940680 Test and Reference Formulation

The Cmax of 100-milligram (mg) LY2940680 capsule (reference formulation) and 100-mg LY2940680 tablet (test formulation) in fasted and fed state, and with lansoprazole during Part B of the study. (NCT01681186)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionnanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
100-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)879
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet (Fasted)1170
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet (Fed)776
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet Plus 30-mg Lansoprazole (Fasted)1290

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Part B: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Time T, Where T is the Last Time Point With a Measurable Concentration [AUC(0-tlast)]

Part B: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Curve from Time Zero to Time T, where T is the Last Time Point with a Measurable Concentration [AUC(0-tlast)] (NCT01681186)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionnanograms*hours per milliliter (ng*h/mL) (Geometric Mean)
100-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)9390
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet (Fasted)10300
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet (Fed)11200
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet (Fasted) PPI9980

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Part B: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)]

Part B: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)] (NCT01681186)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionnanograms*hours per milliliter (ng*h/mL) (Geometric Mean)
100-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)9460
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet (Fasted)10300
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet (Fed)11300
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet (Fasted) PPI10000

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Number of Participants With 1 or More Adverse Events (AEs) or Any Serious AEs

Data presented are the number of participants with AEs or any serious AEs (SAEs) regardless of causality. A summary of non-serious AEs is located in the Reported Adverse Events section. (NCT01681186)
Timeframe: Baseline through study completion (up to 4 weeks in Part A and 8 weeks in Part B)

,,,,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Adverse Events (AEs)Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
100-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted) Part A40
100-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted) Part B60
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet (Fasted)50
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet (Fed)50
100-mg LY2940680 Tablet Plus 30-mg Lansoprazole (Fasted)30
200-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)30
400-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)30
50-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)30
Placebo Capsule (Fasted)20

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Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Time to Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Tmax)

Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Time to Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (tmax) (NCT01681186)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionhours (h) (Median)
50-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)1.5
100-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)2
200-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)2
400-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)2

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Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Time T, Where T is the Last Time Point With a Measurable Concentration [AUC(0-tlast)]

Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Curve from Time Zero to Time T, where T is the Last Time Point with a Measurable Concentration [AUC(0-tlast)] (NCT01681186)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionnanograms*hours per milliliter (ng*h/mL) (Geometric Mean)
50-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)5300
100-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)9440
200-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)22800
400-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)49300

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Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)]

Part A: Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)] (NCT01681186)
Timeframe: Predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after administration of study drug

Interventionnanograms*hours per milliliter (ng*h/mL) (Geometric Mean)
50-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)5340
100-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)9530
200-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)23000
400-mg LY2940680 Capsule (Fasted)49800

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Subjective Symptom Improvement Rate

"Subjective symptoms were evaluated as Disappeared, Improved, No change, Worsened, or Unclear. These categories were based on investigator's definitions. At Week 4, the rate of improvement (i.e. the frequency of an evaluation of Disappeared + Improved) was calculated for each symptom. The percentage of participants with Improvement by symptom was reported." (NCT01990339)
Timeframe: Start of treatment and Week 4

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
HeartburnAcid regurgitationPostorandial fullnessEarly satietyEpigastric painEpigastric burningUpper abdominal bloatingNausea/vomitingBelching
Lansoprazole75.773.568.665.369.173.064.866.461.6

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Frequency of Adverse Events (Adverse Drug Reactions)

Adverse events observed during the observation period were collected by symptom. For adverse drug reactions, frequencies were tabulated by type and seriousness. Adverse events were defined as any unfavorable and unintended signs, symptoms or diseases temporally associated with administration of lansoprazole whether or not it was considered related to treatment. Among these, events that were considered as having a causal relationship with lansoprazole were defined as adverse drug reactions. The rate of participants with adverse events (adverse drug reactions) was reported. (NCT01990339)
Timeframe: 4 Weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Adverse drug reaction(s)DiarrhoeaUrticariaRashConstipationNauseaAbdominal distensionStomatitisDizzinessDysgeusiaHeadacheDrug eruptionFeeling abnormalHypoaesthesiaSomnolenceDyspnoeaOropharyngeal discomfortPruritusPruritus generalisedPalpitationsAbdominal painAbdominal pain lowerChange of bowel habitMeteorismGastrooesophageal reflux diseaseOral discomfortOral mucosal eruptionAbdominal discomfortChest painFace oedemaOedemaThirstDecreased appetiteBack painSleep disorderCoughAcneEczemaErythema multiformeToxic skin eruptionHot flush
Lansoprazole0.690.160.080.070.040.040.020.020.020.020.020.020.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.01

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Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Dexlansoprazole on Day 5

Maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) is the peak plasma concentration of a drug after administration, obtained directly from the plasma concentration-time curve. (NCT02064907)
Timeframe: Day 5 predose and up to 24 hours post-dose

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole OD Tablets1150.8462
Dexlansoprazole Capsules1178.1346

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Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Dexlansoprazole on Day 1.

Maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) is the peak plasma concentration of a drug after administration, obtained directly from the plasma concentration-time curve. (NCT02064907)
Timeframe: Day 1 predose and up to 24 hours post-dose

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole OD Tablets1046.8846
Dexlansoprazole Capsules1164.3654

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AUC(0-tlqc): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration on Day 5

AUC(0-tlqc) is a measure of total plasma exposure to a drug from time 0 to time of the last quantifiable concentration. (NCT02064907)
Timeframe: Day 5 predose and up to 24 hours post-dose

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole OD Tablets5818.8236
Dexlansoprazole Capsules7184.1729

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AUC(0-tlqc): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration on Day 1

AUC(0-tlqc) is a measure of total plasma exposure to a drug from time 0 to time of the last quantifiable concentration. (NCT02064907)
Timeframe: Day 1 predose and up to 24 hours post-dose

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole OD Tablets5059.5689
Dexlansoprazole Capsules6746.6075

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AUC(0-tau): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Time Tau Over the Dosing Interval on Day 5

AUC(0-tau) is a measure of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to time tau over a dosing interval, where tau is the length of the dosing interval (24 hours). (NCT02064907)
Timeframe: Day 5 predose and up to 24 hours post-dose

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole OD Tablets5824.7108
Dexlansoprazole Capsules7196.1922

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AUC(0-inf): Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity on Day 1

AUC(0-inf) is a measure of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity. (NCT02064907)
Timeframe: Day 1 predose and up to 24 hours post-dose

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole OD Tablets5364.0217
Dexlansoprazole Capsules7155.4994

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Time to In-Vivo Disintegration of Dexlansoprazole 30 mg Orally Disintegrating Tablets

The disintegration time is the total time from when the participant places the tablet on their tongue until the time at which the participant would normally swallow the remaining materials from the disintegrated tablet. The average disintegration time will be calculated for each participant based on 3 separate tests. (NCT02096458)
Timeframe: Day 1

InterventionSeconds (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole36.0

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Treatment for Gastric/Duodenal Ulcer or Lesion

Summary of data on the presence or absence of treatment for duodenal ulcers or hemorrhagic lesions. (NCT02099682)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
PresentAbsent
Lansoprazole 15 mg024

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Presence or Absence of Endoscopic Examinations

Summary of data on the presence or absence of endoscopic examinations. (NCT02099682)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
With endoscopyWithout endoscopy
Lansoprazole 15 mg2773437

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Details of Treatment (Including Duplicates) for Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers or Hemorrhagic Lesions

Summary of data on the details of treatment for gastric or duodenal ulcers or hemorrhagic lesions. (NCT02099682)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Takepron Capsule or OD Tablet 15 mgTakepron Capsule or OD Tablet 30 mgRabeprazole tablet 10 mgH2 receptor antagonist (oral)Omeprazole (injection)H2 receptor antagonist (injection)Other peptic ulcer drugsEndoscopic hemostasisOther
Lansoprazole 15 mg1522121215

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Frequency of Adverse Drug Reactions

Frequency, severity, and time to onset of adverse drug reactions tabulated by each symptom. Adverse events are defined as any unfavorable and unintended signs, symptoms or diseases temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product reported from the first dose of study drug to the last dose of study drug. Among these, events which are considered possibly associated with a medicinal product are defined as adverse drug reactions. (NCT02099682)
Timeframe: 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Enteritis infectiousLymphomaDiabetes mellitusAnxietyDizzinessDysgeusiaHeadacheLoss of consciousnessSudden hearing lossAbdominal discomfortAbdominal distensionAbdominal painColitisConstipationDiarrhoeaEnterocolitisGastrooesophageal reflux diseaseHaematocheziaNauseaColitis microscopicHypoaesthesia oralFaeces softDrug eruptionEczemaHypersensitivity vasculitisPruritusRash generalisedBack painOsteoporosisRenal failure chronicSudden deathThirstHepatic enzyme increasedGlycosylated haemoglobin increasedWeight decreasedFallSpinal fracture
Lansoprazole 15 mg11112111111112231114311311111111111111

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Presence of Either Gastric/Duodenal Ulcer, or Gastric/Duodenal Hemorrhagic Lesion

Summary of data on the presence or absence of gastric/duodenal ulcer gastric/duodenal hemorrhagic lesion. (NCT02099682)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
PresentAbsent
Lansoprazole 15 mg318624

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Presence of Gastric or Duodenal Ulcer

Summary of data on the presence or absence of gastric or duodenal ulcers. (NCT02099682)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
PresentAbsent
Lansoprazole 15 mg319020

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Treatment Outcome (Including Duplicates) for Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers or Hemorrhagic Lesions

Summary of data on the outcome of treatment for gastric or duodenal ulcers or hemorrhagic lesions. (NCT02099682)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Takepron 15 mg: RecoveryTakepron 15 mg: ReliefTakepron 30 mg: RecoveryTakepron 30 mg: ReliefRabeprazole 10 mg: RecoveryRabeprazole 10 mg: ReliefH2 receptor antagonist (orally): RecoveryH2 receptor antagonist (orally): ReliefOmeprazole (injection): RecoveryOmeprazole (injection): ReliefH2 receptor antagonist (injection): RecoveryH2 receptor antagonist (injection): ReliefOther peptic ulcer drugs: RecoveryOther peptic ulcer drugs: ReliefEndoscopic hemostasis: RecoveryEndoscopic hemostasis: ReliefOther: RecoveryOther: Relief
Lansoprazole 15 mg961111111121329611

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Presence of Gastric or Duodenal Hemorrhagic Lesion

Summary of data on the presence or absence of gastric or duodenal hemorrhagic lesions. (NCT02099682)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
PresentAbsent
Lansoprazole 15 mg32019

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Details of Treatment for Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers or Hemorrhagic Lesions

"Summary of data on the details of treatment for gastric or duodenal ulcers or hemorrhagic lesions.~Participants could be counted in more than 1 treatment category." (NCT02099708)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Takepron Capsule or OD Tablets 15 mgTakepron Capsule or OD Tablet 30 mgRabeprazole tablet 10 mgRabeprazole tablet 20 mgH2 receptor antagonist (oral)Other peptic ulcer medicationEndoscopic hemostasisOther
Lansoprazole 15 mg41111414

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Frequency of Adverse Drug Reactions

Frequency was defined as the number of participants for each adverse event Frequency, severity, and time to onset of adverse drug reactions tabulated by each symptom. Adverse events are defined as any unfavorable and unintended signs, symptoms or diseases temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product reported from the first dose of study drug to the last dose of study drug. Among these, events which are considered possibly associated with a medicinal product are defined as adverse drug reactions. (NCT02099708)
Timeframe: 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
BronchitisColon cancerDepressionCervical radiculopathyAtrial fibrillationCardiac failureMyocardial ischaemiaAbdominal discomfortAbdominal pain upperColitisConstipationDiarrhoeaEnterocolitisNauseaOral mucosal blisteringStomatitisColitis microscopicFaeces softEczemaHyperhidrosisRashGeneralised erythemaOsteoporosisFeeling abnormalThirst
Lansoprazole 15 mg1111111411281111121111212

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Presence of Either Gastric/Duodenal Ulcer, or Gastric/Duodenal Hemorrhagic Lesion

Summary of data on the presence or absence of gastric/duodenal ulcer gastric/duodenal hemorrhagic lesion. (NCT02099708)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
NoYes
Lansoprazole 15 mg323711

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Presence of Gastric or Duodenal Ulcer

Summary of data on the presence or absence of gastric or duodenal ulcer. (NCT02099708)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

InterventionParticipants (Number)
NoYes
Lansoprazole 15 mg32399

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Presence of Onset of Gastric or Duodenal Hemorrhagic Lesion

Summary of data on the presence or absence of gastric or duodenal hemorrhagic lesion. (NCT02099708)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
NoYes
Lansoprazole 15 mg32444

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Treatment for Gastric/Duodenal Ulcer or Lesion

Summary of data on the presence or absence of treatment for duodenal ulcers or hemorrhagic lesions. (NCT02099708)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
NoYes
Lansoprazole 15 mg011

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Treatment Outcome (Including Duplicates) for Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers or Hemorrhagic Lesions

Summary of data on the outcome of treatment for gastric or duodenal ulcers or hemorrhagic lesions. (NCT02099708)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Takepron 15 mg - ResolvingTakepron 15 mg - UnknownTakepron 30 mg - ResolvedRabeprazole 10 mg _ResolvedRabeprazole 20 mg - ResolvedH2 receptor antagonist - ResolvedOther peptic ulcer medication - ResolvedOther peptic ulcer medication - ResolvingEndoscopic hemostasis - ResolvingOther - ResolvedOther - Resolving
Lansoprazole 15 mg31111131113

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Presence or Absence of Endoscopic Examinations

Summary of data on the presence or absence of gastric or duodenal ulcers by using endoscopic examinations. (NCT02099708)
Timeframe: From baseline to 12 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
NoYes
Lansoprazole 15 mg3098150

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Percentage of Participants With at Least One Gout Flare Requiring Treatment

"A participant was considered to have a gout flare if the following criteria were met:~Participant-reported acute particular pain typical of a gout attack that was deemed by participant and/or investigator to require treatment and was treated with colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or steroids, Participant experienced at least 3 or more of: 1) Joint swelling, 2) Redness, 3) Tenderness, 4) Pain, Participant experienced at least one or more of: 1) Rapid onset of pain, 2) Decreased range of motion, 3) Joint warmth, 4) Other symptoms similar to a prior gout flare." (NCT02128490)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 3

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo10.5
Febuxostat IR 40 mg40.5
Febuxostat XR 40 mg23.1
Febuxostat IR 80 mg37.8
Febuxostat XR 80 mg42.1

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Percentage of Participants With Serum Urate <5.0 mg/dL at Month 3

(NCT02128490)
Timeframe: Month 3

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo0
Febuxostat IR 40 mg13.5
Febuxostat XR 40 mg35.9
Febuxostat IR 80 mg40.5
Febuxostat XR 80 mg44.7

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Percentage of Participants With Serum Urate <6.0 mg/dL at Month 3

(NCT02128490)
Timeframe: Month 3

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo0
Febuxostat IR 40 mg32.4
Febuxostat XR 40 mg53.8
Febuxostat IR 80 mg59.5
Febuxostat XR 80 mg55.3

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Percentage of Participants With Serum Urate <6.0 mg/dL at Month 3

(NCT02139046)
Timeframe: Month 3

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo0.6
Febuxostat IR 40 mg40.3
Febuxostat XR 40 mg48.2
Febuxostat IR 80 mg57.7
Febuxostat XR 80 mg61.1

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Percentage of Participants With Serum Urate <5.0 mg/dL at Month 3

(NCT02139046)
Timeframe: Month 3

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo0.3
Febuxostat IR 40 mg15.7
Febuxostat XR 40 mg25.9
Febuxostat IR 80 mg42.6
Febuxostat XR 80 mg50.1

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Percentage of Participants With at Least One Gout Flare Requiring Treatment

"A participant was considered to have a gout flare if the following criteria were met:~Participant-reported acute particular pain typical of a gout attack that was deemed by participant and/or investigator to require treatment and was treated with colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or steroids, Participant experienced at least 3 or more of: 1) Joint swelling, 2) Redness, 3) Tenderness, 4) Pain, Participant experienced at least one or more of: 1) Rapid onset of pain, 2) Decreased range of motion, 3) Joint warmth, 4) Other symptoms similar to a prior gout flare." (NCT02139046)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 3

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo20.7
Febuxostat IR 40 mg21.0
Febuxostat XR 40 mg22.8
Febuxostat IR 80 mg27.2
Febuxostat XR 80 mg26.6

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Percentage of Participants With Observed Hemostatic Effect Who Experienced Rebleeding After the Completion of Treatment

Rebleeding rate was reported as percentage of participants who experienced rebleeding after observed hemostasis and was calculated at 8 weeks after the completion of treatment with lansoprazole. It was calculated by dividing the percentage of the number of participants who experienced rebleeding after hemostasis divided by the total number of participants with observed hemostasis. (NCT02151786)
Timeframe: Week 8 after the last dose of study drug (Week 17)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lansoprazole5.8

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Percentage of Participants With Observed Hemostatic Effect

Hemostatic effect was categorized on the basis of degree of improvement as: markedly improved, moderately improved, slightly improved and poor in the participants with observed hemostatic effect. Efficacy rate was reported as percentage of participants showing efficacy and was calculated as the sum of percentage of number of participants reporting markedly improved + moderately improved + slightly improved divided by the percentage of total number of participants with observed hemostatic effect. (NCT02151786)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 9

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lansoprazole90.3

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Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Hemostatic Effect Who Experienced Rebleeding After the Completion of Treatment

Rebleeding rate was reported as percentage of participants who experienced rebleeding after confirmed hemostasis by endoscopy and was calculated at 8 weeks after the completion of treatment with lansoprazole. It was calculated by dividing the percentage of the number of participants who experienced rebleeding after hemostasis divided by the total number of participants with confirmed hemostasis. (NCT02151786)
Timeframe: Week 8 after the last dose of study drug (Week 17)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lansoprazole7.1

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Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Hemostatic Effect

Hemostatic effect was categorized on the basis of degree of improvement as: markedly improved, moderately improved, slightly improved and poor in the participants with confirmed hemostatic effect by endoscopy. Efficacy rate was reported as percentage of participants showing efficacy and was calculated as the sum of percentage of number of participants reporting markedly improved + moderately improved + slightly improved divided by the percentage of total number of participants with confirmed hemostatic effect. (NCT02151786)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 9

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lansoprazole91.6

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Rebleeding After Observed Hemostatic Effect

Rebleeding rate was reported as percentage of participants who experienced rebleeding after observed hemostasis and was calculated during the period starting from baseline until the completion of treatment with lansoprazole. It was calculated by dividing the percentage of the number of participants who experienced rebleeding after hemostasis divided by the total number of participants with observed hemostasis. (NCT02151786)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 9

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lansoprazole1.1

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Percentage of Participants Who Experienced Rebleeding After Confirmed Hemostatic Effect

Rebleeding rate was reported as percentage of participants who experienced rebleeding after confirmed hemostasis by endoscopy and was calculated during the period starting from baseline until the completion of treatment with lansoprazole. It was calculated by dividing the percentage of the number of participants who experienced rebleeding after hemostasis divided by the total number of participants with confirmed hemostasis. (NCT02151786)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 9

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lansoprazole1.2

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Number of Participants Reporting One or More Serious Adverse Drug Reactions

Serious adverse drug reactions are defined as serious adverse events (SAEs) which are in the investigator's opinion of causal relationship to the study treatment. SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. (NCT02151786)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 9

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Lansoprazole9

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Number of Participants Reporting One or More Adverse Drug Reactions

Adverse drug reactions are defined as adverse events (AEs) which are in the investigator's opinion of causal relationship to the study treatment. AEs are defined as any unfavorable and unintended signs, symptoms or diseases temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product reported from the first dose of study drug to the last dose of study drug. (NCT02151786)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 9

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Lansoprazole35

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Percentage of Participants With Erosive Esophagitis (EE)

The severity of EE was classified into following grades: Grade A: one or more mucosal breaks no longer than 5 millimeter (mm), none of which extends between the tops of the mucosal folds; Grade B: one or more mucosal breaks more than 5 mm long, none of which extends between the tops of two mucosal folds; Grade C: mucosal breaks that extend between the tops of two or more mucosal folds, but which involve less than 75 percent (%) of the esophageal circumference; Grade D: mucosal breaks which involve at least 75% of the esophageal circumference. (NCT02162758)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Month 12

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg QD0
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg BID0

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Percentage of Participants With Recurrence of IM With Dysplasia

Recurrence of IM with dysplasia was defined as an esophageal biopsy result indicating BE with dysplasia. (NCT02162758)
Timeframe: Month 12

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg QD0
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg BID0

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Percentage of Participants With Recurrence of Intestinal Metaplasia (IM)

Recurrence of IM was defined as an esophageal biopsy result indicating BE with or without dysplasia. (NCT02162758)
Timeframe: Month 12

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg QD0
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg BID50

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Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Hemostatic Effect Who Experienced Rebleeding During Treatment

Rebleeding rate was reported as percentage of participants who experienced rebleeding after confirmed hemostasis by endoscopy during treatment with lansoprazole. It was calculated by dividing the percentage of the number of participants who experienced rebleeding after hemostasis divided by the total number of participants with confirmed hemostasis. (NCT02170207)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 9

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lansoprazole0

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Percentage of Participants With Observed Hemostatic Effect

Hemostatic effect was categorized on the basis of degree of improvement as: markedly improved, moderately improved, slightly improved and poor in the participants with observed hemostatic effect. Efficacy rate was reported as percentage of participants showing efficacy and was calculated as the sum of percentage of number of participants reporting markedly improved + moderately improved + slightly improved divided by the percentage of total number of participants with observed hemostatic effect. (NCT02170207)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 9

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lansoprazole96.6

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Number of Participants Reporting One or More Adverse Drug Reactions

Adverse drug reactions are defined as adverse events (AEs) which are in the investigator's opinion of causal relationship to the study treatment. AEs are defined as any unfavorable and unintended signs, symptoms or diseases temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product reported from the first dose of study drug to the last dose of study drug. (NCT02170207)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 9

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Lansoprazole0

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Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Hemostatic Effect

Hemostatic effect was categorized on the basis of degree of improvement as: markedly improved, moderately improved, slightly improved and poor in the participants with confirmed hemostatic effect by endoscopy. Efficacy rate was reported as percentage of participants showing efficacy and was calculated as the sum of percentage of number of participants reporting markedly improved + moderately improved + slightly improved divided by the percentage of total number of participants with confirmed hemostatic effect. (NCT02170207)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 9

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lansoprazole95.6

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Percentage of Participants With Confirmed Hemostatic Effect Who Experienced Rebleeding After the Completion of Treatment

Rebleeding rate was reported as percentage of participants who experienced rebleeding after confirmed hemostasis by endoscopy and was calculated at 8 weeks after the completion of treatment with lansoprazole. It was calculated by dividing the percentage of the number of participants who experienced rebleeding after hemostasis divided by the total number of participants with confirmed hemostasis. (NCT02170207)
Timeframe: Week 17 (8 weeks after the last dose of study drug)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lansoprazole0

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Percentage of 24-hour Acid Regurgitation-free Days

Participants were asked to keep a daily paper diary. The percentage of 24-hour acid regurgitation-free days following study drug treatments was assessed by participant's diary entries. (NCT02351960)
Timeframe: Up to 4 weeks for NERD participants and up to 8 weeks for EE participants

Interventionpercentage of days (Median)
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg75.00
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg88.46

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Percentage of 24-Hour Heartburn and Acid Regurgitation-Free Days in Non-Erosive Reflux Disease (NERD) Participants

NERD participants were asked to keep a paper diary of daily heartburn and acid regurgitation-free days and the percentage of heartburn and acid regurgitation-free days was recorded. (NCT02351960)
Timeframe: Up to Week 4

Interventionpercentage of days (Median)
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg26.92

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Percentage of 24-hour Heartburn-free Days

Participants were asked to keep a daily paper diary. The percentage of 24-hour heartburn free days following study drug treatments was assessed by the participant diary entries. (NCT02351960)
Timeframe: Up to 4 weeks for NERD participants and up to 8 weeks for EE participants

Interventionpercentage of days (Median)
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg53.85
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg81.97

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Percentage of Nights (Participant Sleep Time) Without Nighttime Acid Regurgitation

Participants were asked to keep a daily paper diary. The percentage of nights without nighttime acid regurgitation in both the group was assessed by participant diary entries. (NCT02351960)
Timeframe: Up to 4 weeks for NERD participants and up to 8 weeks for EE participants

Interventionpercentage of nights (Median)
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg88.00
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg92.59

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Percentage of Nights (Participant Sleep Time) Without Nighttime Heartburn

Participants were asked to keep a daily paper diary. The percentage of nights without nighttime heartburn in both the group was assessed by participant diary entries. (NCT02351960)
Timeframe: Up to 4 weeks for NERD participants and up to 8 weeks for EE participants

Interventionpercentage of nights (Median)
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg73.08
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg92.73

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Percentage of Nights (Participant Sleep Time) Without Nighttime Heartburn and Acid Regurgitation

Participants were asked to keep a daily paper diary. The percentage of nights without nighttime heartburn and acid regurgitation in both the group was assessed by participant dairy entries. (NCT02351960)
Timeframe: Up to 4 weeks for NERD participants and up to 8 weeks for EE participants

Interventionpercentage of nights (Median)
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg59.26
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg83.33

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Percentage of Participants in the EE Group Who Had Endoscopically Evaluated Macroscopic Healing of Their Esophagus

Participants underwent endoscopy to determine the percentage of participants with macroscopic healing of their esophagus showing at least 1 Los Angeles (LA) grade classification grade improvement at week 8. Endoscopic findings classified according to the Los Angeles classification: Grade Normal - endoscopy reveals no mucosal break Grade A- one or more mucosal breaks <5 mm in maximal length Grade B - one or more mucosal breaks >5 mm, but without continuity across mucosal folds Grade C - Mucosal breaks continuous between >2 mucosal folds, but involving less than 75% of the esophageal circumference Grade D - Mucosal breaks involving more than 75% of the esophageal circumference. (NCT02351960)
Timeframe: Week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg77.3

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Number of Participants With Severity of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Symptoms

The severity of participants' GERD symptoms based on the investigator's assessment among all participants was evaluated at Week 4 or Week 8. GERD symptoms were assessed on a 5-point scale, wherein 1=no symptom, 2=mild, 3=moderate, 4=severe and 5=very severe. GERD symptoms include heartburn (HB), acid regurgitation (AR), dysphagia (dysp), belching (bch) and epigastric pain (EP). (NCT02351960)
Timeframe: Up to 4 weeks for NERD participants and up to 8 weeks for EE participants

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Heartburn, NoneHeartburn, MildHeartburn, ModerateHeartburn, SevereHeartburn, Very SevereAcid Regurgitation, NoneAcid Regurgitation, MildAcid Regurgitation, ModerateAcid Regurgitation, SevereAcid Regurgitation, Very SevereDysphagia, NoneDysphagia, MildDysphagia, ModerateDysphagia, SevereDysphagi, Very SevereBelching, NoneBelching, MildBelching, ModerateBelching, SevereBelching, Very SevereEpigastric Pain, NoneEpigastric Pain, MildEpigastric Pain, ModerateEpigastric Pain, SevereEpigastric Pain, Very Severe
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg77922063977617711692261013846121114442930
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg5121310522130071500057172005818000

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Percentage of 24-Hour Heartburn and Acid Regurgitation-Free Days in Erosive Esophagitis (EE) Participants

EE participants were asked to keep a paper diary of daily heartburn and acid regurgitation-free days and the percentage of heartburn and acid regurgitation-free days was calculated. (NCT02351960)
Timeframe: Up to Week 8

Interventionpercentage of days (Median)
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg65.45

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Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Clinical Laboratory Findings

Clinical Laboratory Safety tests included Chemistry, Hematology and Urinalysis. Number of participants with any markedly abnormal values in laboratory tests collected throughout study is reported. ALT = alanine aminotransferase, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, GGT = gamma-glutamyl transferase, CPK = creatine phosphokinase, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, LLN = lower limit of normal or lower reference limit, ULN = upper limit of normal or upper reference limit, g/L = grams per liter, U/L = units per liter, mmol/L = millimoles per liter, pmol/L = picomoles per liter. (NCT02388724)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to 14 days after the last dose of study medication (up to 10 weeks)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hemoglobin (<0.8 x LLN g/L)Neutrophils (<0.5 x LLN %)Eosinophils (>2 x ULN %)Lymphocytes (>1.5 x ULN %)ALT (>3 x ULN U/L)AST (>3 x ULN U/L)GGT (>3 x ULN U/L)CPK (>5 x ULN U/L)Total Protein (>1.2 x ULN g/L)BUN (>10.7 mmol/L)Total Cholesterol (>7.72 mmol/L)Triglycerides (>2.5 x ULN mmol/L)Vitamin B12 (<92 pmol/L)
Lansoprazole 30 mg1202213211231
Vonoprazan 20 mg0010004101360

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Change From Baseline in Serum Pepsinogen II

The change between the serum pepsinogen II values collected at Weeks 2, 4, and 8 relative to baseline. (NCT02388724)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 8

,
Interventionug/L (Mean)
BaselineChange at Week 2Change at Week 4Change at Week 8
Lansoprazole 30 mg7.88.87.28.0
Vonoprazan 20 mg7.544.940.731.0

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Change From Baseline in Serum Pepsinogen I

The change between the serum pepsinogen I values collected at Weeks 2, 4, and 8 relative to baseline. (NCT02388724)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 8

,
Interventionmicrograms per liter (ug/L) (Mean)
BaselineChange at Week 2Change at Week 4Change at Week 8
Lansoprazole 30 mg99.8129.3118.3117.8
Vonoprazan 20 mg97.6456.5421.8326.8

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Percentage of Participants With Endoscopic Healing of Erosive Esophagitis During the 8-Week Treatment Phase

Endoscopic healing is defined as participants endoscopically diagnosed as Los Angeles classification grade O during the treatment phase. Grade O indicates there are no mucosal breaks in the mucosa. (NCT02388724)
Timeframe: 8 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Vonoprazan 20 mg92.4
Lansoprazole 30 mg91.3

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Number of Participants Reporting Who Had One or More Treatment-emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product; it does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (eg, a clinically significant abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a drug whether or not it is considered related to the drug. (NCT02388724)
Timeframe: On or after the start of study drug (Day 1) to 14 days after the last dose of study medication (up to 10 weeks)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan 20 mg93
Lansoprazole 30 mg86

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Change From Baseline in Serum Gastrin

The change between the serum gastrin values collected at Weeks 2, 4, and 8 relative to baseline. (NCT02388724)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 8

,
Interventionpmol/L (Mean)
BaselineChange at Week 2Change at Week 4Change at Week 8
Lansoprazole 30 mg3.658.336.814.71
Vonoprazan 20 mg2.7731.4529.6836.53

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Percentage of Participants With Endoscopic Healing of Erosive Esophagitis After 2 Weeks and 4 Weeks of Treatment

Endoscopic healing is defined as participants endoscopically diagnosed as Los Angeles classification grade O during the treatment phase. Grade O indicates there are no mucosal breaks in the mucosa. (NCT02388724)
Timeframe: Week 2 and Week 4

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
2 Weeks4 Weeks
Lansoprazole 30 mg67.883.5
Vonoprazan 20 mg75.085.3

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Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Vital Sign Measurements

Number of participants with any markedly abnormal vital signs measurements is reported. Vital signs included body temperature (oral, tympanic, or infra-axillary measurement), sitting blood pressure (5 minutes), and pulse. °C = degrees Celsius, mmHg = millimeters of mercury, bpm = beats per minute. (NCT02388724)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to 14 days after the last dose of study medication (up to 10 weeks)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Body Temperature (<35.6 °C)Body Temperature (>37.7 °C)Systolic Blood Pressure (<85 mmHg)Diastolic Blood Pressure (>110 mmHg)Pulse (<50 bpm)
Lansoprazole 30 mg30102
Vonoprazan 20 mg102112

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Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings

Number of participants with any markedly abnormal 12-lead ECG findings is reported. bpm = beats per minute, msec = milliseconds, CHG= change from baseline. (NCT02388724)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to 14 days after the last dose of study medication (up to 10 weeks)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Heart Rate (<50 bpm)QT Interval (≥460 msec)QTcF Interval (≥500, or ≥450 with CHG ≥30 msec)
Lansoprazole 30 mg7105
Vonoprazan 20 mg673

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Change From Baseline in Serum Pepsinogen I

(NCT02388737)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 12 and 24

,,
Interventionug/L (Mean)
BaselineChange at Week 4Change at Week 12Change at Week 24
Lansoprazole 15 mg303.3-112.3-123.5-103.9
Vonoprazan 10 mg287.140.5-3.15.9
Vonoprazan 20 mg276.3139.889.955.4

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Percentage of Participants With Recurrence of Erosive Esophagitis After 12 Weeks of Treatment in the Maintenance Phase

Erosive esophagitis recurrence is defined as endoscopically confirmed to have erosive esophagitis (LA classification grades A to D) during the Maintenance Phase (12 weeks). Grade A: >/=1 mucosal breaks /=1 mucosal breaks >5 mm, none of which extends between the tops of two mucosal folds; Grade C: mucosal breaks that extend between the tops of two or more mucosal folds, but which involve <75% of esophageal circumference; Grade D: mucosal breaks which involve >/=75% of esophageal circumference. (NCT02388737)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Vonoprazan 10 mg27.8
Vonoprazan 20 mg10.0
Lansoprazole 15 mg35.0

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Percentage of Participants With Recurrence of Erosive Esophagitis as Confirmed on Endoscopy After the 24-week Maintenance Phase

Erosive esophagitis recurrence is defined as participants endoscopically confirmed to have erosive esophagitis (Los Angeles [LA] classification grades A to D) during the Maintenance Phase (24 weeks). Grade A: >/=1 mucosal breaks /=1 mucosal breaks >5 mm, none of which extends between the tops of two mucosal folds; Grade C: mucosal breaks that extend between the tops of two or more mucosal folds, but which involve <75% of esophageal circumference; Grade D: mucosal breaks which involve >/=75% of esophageal circumference. (NCT02388737)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Vonoprazan 10 mg13.3
Vonoprazan 20 mg12.3
Lansoprazole 15 mg25.5

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Change From Baseline in Serum Gastrin

(NCT02388737)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 12 and 24

,,
Interventionpmol/L (Mean)
BaselineChange at Week 4Change at Week 12Change at Week 24
Lansoprazole 15 mg21.94-11.21-8.76-7.41
Vonoprazan 10 mg20.4210.0914.4517.47
Vonoprazan 20 mg17.9722.7631.9237.60

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Change From Baseline in Serum Pepsinogen II

(NCT02388737)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 12 and 24

,,
Interventionug/L (Mean)
BaselineChange at Week 4Change at Week 12Change at Week 24
Lansoprazole 15 mg24.6-10.9-10.9-8.7
Vonoprazan 10 mg22.93.8-1.6-0.6
Vonoprazan 20 mg22.116.59.05.8

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Number of Participants With Abnormal Clinical Laboratory Findings

Clinical laboratory safety tests included chemistry, hematology and urinalysis. Number of participants with any markedly abnormal values in laboratory tests collected throughout study is reported. ALT = alanine aminotransferase, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, GGT = gamma-glutamyl transferase, CPK = creatine phosphokinase, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, LLN = lower limit of normal or lower reference limit, ULN = upper limit of normal or upper reference limit, g/L = grams per liter, U/L = units per liter, mmol/L = millimoles per liter, pmol/L = picomoles per liter. (NCT02388737)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to 14 days after the last dose of study medication (up to 26 weeks)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hematology: Red Blood Cells (>1.2xULN)Hematology: White Blood Cells (>1.5xULN)Hematology: Hemoglobin (<0.8xLLN)Hematology: Hematocrit (<0.8xLLN)Hematology: Platelets (<75x10^9/L)Hematology: Neutrophils (<0.5xLLN)Hematology: Eosinophils (>2xULN)Hematology: Lymphocytes (>1.5xULN)Serum Chemistry: ALT (>3xULN)Serum Chemistry: AST (>3xULN)Serum Chemistry: GGT (>3xULN)Serum Chemistry: CK (CPK) (>5xULN)Serum Chemistry: Albumin (<25 g/L)Serum Chemistry: Creatinine (>177 umol/L)Serum Chemistry: BUN (>10.7 mmol/L)Serum Chemistry: Uric Acid (>0.773 mmol/L)Serum Chemistry: Total Cholesterol (>7.72 mmol/L)Serum Chemistry: Triglycerides (>2.5xULN)Serum Chemistry: Glucose (<2.8 mmol/L)Serum Chemistry: Glucose (>19.4 mmol/L)Serum Chemistry: Potassium (<3.0 mmol/L)Serum Chemistry: Sodium (>150 mmol/L)Serum Chemistry: Vitamin B12 (<92 pmol/L)
Lansoprazole 15 mg11110000027311203610103
Vonoprazan 10 mg10100121124400202211011
Vonoprazan 20 mg00111020102200415500000

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Number of Participants With Abnormal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings

Number of participants with any markedly abnormal 12-lead ECG findings is reported. bpm = beats per minute, msec = milliseconds, CHG= change from baseline. (NCT02388737)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to 14 days after the last dose of study medication (up to 26 weeks)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Heart Rate (<50 bpm)Heart Rate (>120 bpm)QT Interval (>=460 msec)QTcF Interval (>= 500, or >= 450 with CHG >= 30)
Lansoprazole 15 mg4086
Vonoprazan 10 mg8098
Vonoprazan 20 mg7153

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Number of Participants With Abnormal Vital Sign Measurements

The percentage of participants with any markedly abnormal vital sign measurements including (body temperature, blood pressure and pulse), mmHg = millimeters of mercury. (NCT02388737)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to 14 days after the last dose of study medication (up to 26 weeks)

,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Body Temperature (<35.6 °Celsius)Body Temperature (>37.7 °Celsius)Systolic Blood Pressure (<85 mmHg)Diastolic Blood Pressure (<50 mmHg)Diastolic Blood Pressure (>110 mmHg)Pulse (<50 bpm)Pulse (>120 bpm)
Lansoprazole 15 mg12001030
Vonoprazan 10 mg6020111
Vonoprazan 20 mg3102041

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product; it does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (eg, a clinically significant abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a drug whether or not it is considered related to the drug. (NCT02388737)
Timeframe: From Day 1 to 14 days after the last dose of study medication (up to 26 weeks)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan 10 mg157
Vonoprazan 20 mg156
Lansoprazole 15 mg158

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AUC∞: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity for TAK-117

(NCT02625259)
Timeframe: Part 1 and 2: Day 1 or 15 pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 72 hours) post-dose; Part 3: Day 1 (TAK-117) and Day 15 (TAK-117 + Lansoprazole) pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 72 hours) post-dose

Interventionng*hr/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part-1: TAK-117 900 mg Capsules (9*100 mg Capsules)64165.340
Part-1: TAK-117 900 mg Tablets (3*300 mg Tablets)96293.083
Part-2: TAK-117 600 mg Fasted (2*300 mg Tablets)81595.634
Part-2: TAK-117 600 mg Fed (2*300 mg Tablets)128336.896
Part-3: TAK-117 900 mg (3*300 mg Tablets)85782.122
Part-3: TAK-117 900 mg (3*300 mg Tablets) + Lansoprazole 30 mg6547.254

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AUClast: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration for TAK-117

(NCT02625259)
Timeframe: Part 1 and 2: Day 1 or 15 pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 72 hours) post-dose; Part 3: Day 1 (TAK-117) and Day 15 (TAK-117 + Lansoprazole) pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 72 hours) post-dose

Interventionnanogram*hour per milliliter (ng*hr/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Part-1: TAK-117 900 mg Capsules (9*100 mg Capsules)45727.280
Part-1: TAK-117 900 mg Tablets (3*300 mg Tablets)66015.952
Part-2: TAK-117 600 mg Fasted (2*300 mg Tablets)71442.968
Part-2: TAK-117 600 mg Fed (2*300 mg Tablets)127143.511
Part-3: TAK-117 900 mg (3*300 mg Tablets)63165.064
Part-3: TAK-117 900 mg (3*300 mg Tablets) + Lansoprazole 30 mg1018.650

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Tmax: Time to Reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for TAK-117

(NCT02625259)
Timeframe: Part 1 and 2: Day 1 or 15 pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 72 hours) post-dose; Part 3: Day 1 (TAK-117) and Day 15 (TAK-117 + Lansoprazole) pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 72 hours) post-dose

Interventionhours (Median)
Part-1: TAK-117 900 mg Capsules (9*100 mg Capsules)2.067
Part-1: TAK-117 900 mg Tablets (3*300 mg Tablets)3.000
Part-2: TAK-117 600 mg Fasted (2*300 mg Tablets)3.000
Part-2: TAK-117 600 mg Fed (2*300 mg Tablets)6.033
Part-3: TAK-117 900 mg (3*300 mg Tablets)3.000
Part-3: TAK-117 900 mg (3*300 mg Tablets) + Lansoprazole 30 mg3.517

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Part 1: Renal Clearance (CLr) of TAK-117

(NCT02625259)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 24 hours) post-dose

Interventionliter per hour (L/hr) (Mean)
Part-1: TAK-117 900 mg Capsules (9*100 mg Capsules)0.314
Part-1: TAK-117 900 mg Tablets (3*300 mg Tablets)0.311

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Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for TAK-117

(NCT02625259)
Timeframe: Part 1 and 2: Day 1 or 15 pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 72 hours) post-dose; Part 3: Day 1 (TAK-117) and Day 15 (TAK-117 + Lansoprazole) pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 72 hours) post-dose

Interventionnanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Part-1: TAK-117 900 mg Capsules (9*100 mg Capsules)4632.992
Part-1: TAK-117 900 mg Tablets (3*300 mg Tablets)6225.347
Part-2: TAK-117 600 mg Fasted (2*300 mg Tablets)6455.111
Part-2: TAK-117 600 mg Fed (2*300 mg Tablets)7847.591
Part-3: TAK-117 900 mg (3*300 mg Tablets)5859.156
Part-3: TAK-117 900 mg (3*300 mg Tablets) + Lansoprazole 30 mg190.172

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Number of Participants in Which H. Pylori Was Eradicated

To assess eradication efficacy,repeated endoscopy with rapid urease test, histological examination and culture or Urea breath test. (NCT02646332)
Timeframe: sixth week after the end of anti- H. pylori therapy

Interventionparticipants (Number)
(Dexlan+Amox+Clar+Metr)+(Dexlan+Amox)124
Dexlan+Clarith+Amox+Metro121

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Number of Participants With Neutrophilic Infiltration in Greater Curvature of Antrum

Numbers of participants with neutrophilic infiltration in greater curvature of the antrum for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as histological assessment of gastritis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group0
Lansoprazole Group0

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Number of Participants With Hyperplastic Polyp

Numbers of participants with hyperplastic polyp for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as the endpoint for endoscopic findings. The number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analysis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group24
Lansoprazole Group6

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Number of Participants With Inflammation (Mononuclear Infiltration) in Greater Curvature of Antrum

Numbers of participants with inflammation (mononuclear infiltration) in greater curvature of the antrum for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as histological assessment of gastritis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group11
Lansoprazole Group9

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Number of Participants With Inflammation (Mononuclear Infiltration) in Greater Curvature of Middle Gastric Body

Numbers of participants with inflammation (mononuclear infiltration) in greater curvature of the middle gastric body for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as histological assessment of gastritis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group15
Lansoprazole Group9

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Number of Participants With Intestinal Metaplasia in Greater Curvature of Antrum

Numbers of participants with intestinal metaplasia in greater curvature of the antrum for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as histological assessment of gastritis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group6
Lansoprazole Group6

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Number of Participants With Gastric Polyp

Numbers of participants with gastric polyp for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported. The number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analysis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group82
Lansoprazole Group46

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Number of Participants With G-cell Hyperplasia

Numbers of participants with G-cell hyperplasia for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as the endpoint for gastric mucosa histopathology. The number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analysis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group87
Lansoprazole Group40

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Number of Participants With Fundic Gland Polyp

Numbers of participants with fundic gland polyp for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as the endpoint for endoscopic findings. The number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analysis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group75
Lansoprazole Group45

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Number of Participants With Intestinal Metaplasia in Greater Curvature of Middle Gastric Body

Numbers of participants with intestinal metaplasia in greater curvature of the middle gastric body for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as histological assessment of gastritis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group0
Lansoprazole Group0

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Number of Participants With Foveolar Hyperplasia

Numbers of participants with foveolar hyperplasia for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as the endpoint for gastric mucosa histopathology. The number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analysis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group15
Lansoprazole Group1

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Number of Participants With Enterochromaffin-like-cell Hyperplasia

Numbers of participants with enterochromaffin-like-cell hyperplasia for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as the endpoint for gastric mucosa histopathology. The number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analysis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group5
Lansoprazole Group4

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Number of Participants With Malignant Alteration of Epithelial Cells

Numbers of participants with malignant alteration of epithelial cells for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as the endpoint for gastric mucosa histopathology. The number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analysis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Time Frame: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group0
Lansoprazole Group0

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Number of Participants With Multiple White and Flat Elevated Lesions

Numbers of participants with multiple white and flat elevated lesions for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as the endpoint for endoscopic findings. The number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analysis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group8
Lansoprazole Group9

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Number of Participants With Cobblestone Mucosa

Numbers of participants with cobblestone mucosa for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as the endpoint for endoscopic findings. The number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analysis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group23
Lansoprazole Group8

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Number of Participants With Black Spots

Numbers of participants with black spots for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as the endpoint for endoscopic findings. The number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analysis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group8
Lansoprazole Group7

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Number of Participants With Atrophy in Greater Curvature of Middle Gastric Body

Numbers of participants with atrophy in greater curvature of the middle gastric body for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as histological assessment of gastritis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group0
Lansoprazole Group0

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Number of Participants With Atrophy in Greater Curvature of Antrum

Numbers of participants with atrophy in greater curvature of the antrum for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as histological assessment of gastritis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group7
Lansoprazole Group7

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Number of Participants Reporting One or More Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) in Maintenance Phase

Number of participants reporting one or more TEAEs in Maintenance Phase was reported. An Adverse Event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a drug; it does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (eg, a clinically significant abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a drug, whether or not it is considered related to the drug. A TEAE is defined as an adverse event with an onset that occurs after receiving study drug. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: 260 weeks (Baseline, up to the end of Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group126
Lansoprazole Group64

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Number of Participants With Neutrophilic Infiltration in Greater Curvature of Middle Gastric Body

Numbers of participants with neutrophilic infiltration in greater curvature of the middle gastric body for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as histological assessment of gastritis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group1
Lansoprazole Group0

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Number of Participants With Parietal Cell Protrusion/Hyperplasia

Numbers of participants with parietal cell protrusion/hyperplasia for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as the endpoint for gastric mucosa histopathology. The number analyzed is the number of participants with data available for analysis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group99
Lansoprazole Group45

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Number of Participants With Presence of H.Pylori in Greater Curvature of Antrum

Numbers of participants with presence of H.pylori in greater curvature of the antrum for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as histological assessment of gastritis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group0
Lansoprazole Group0

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Number of Participants With Presence of H.Pylori in Greater Curvature of Middle Gastric Body

Numbers of participants with presence of H.pylori in greater curvature of the middle gastric body for Vonoprazan group and Lansoprazole group at Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase) were reported as histological assessment of gastritis. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Vonoprazan Group0
Lansoprazole Group0

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Percentage of Participants Who Healed EE at the End of Healing Phase

Percentage of participants who healed EE at the end of healing phase was reported. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 8

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Vonoprazan Group1.4
Lansoprazole Group0.0

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Percentage of Participants With Recurrence of Erosive Esophagitis (EE)

Erosive esophagitis recurrence is defined as endoscopically confirmed to have erosive esophagitis (LA classification grades O and A to D) during the Maintenance Phase. The LA classification graded as follows- Grade O: normal mucosa; Grade A: nonconfluent mucosal breaks <5 mm in length; Grade B: nonconfluent mucosal breaks ≥ 5mm in length; Grade C: confluent mucosal breaks <75% circumferential; Grade D: confluent mucosal breaks >75% circumferential. (NCT02679508)
Timeframe: Up to Week 268 (Week 260 in Maintenance Phase)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Vonoprazan Group3.8
Lansoprazole Group11.3

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Percentage of Days Without Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment

The percentage of days without nighttime heartburn was = (the days that were heartburn-free during the treatment period) / (total number of days for which nighttime result was marked during treatment period)*100%. (NCT02873689)
Timeframe: Up to Week 4

Interventionpercentage of days (Median)
Placebo54.67
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg67.86

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Percentage of Days With Neither Daytime Nor Nighttime Heartburn During Treatment

The percentage of days with neither daytime nor nighttime heartburn was equal to (=) (the days that were heartburn-free during the treatment period) / (total number of days for which either a daytime or nighttime result was marked during treatment period)*100 percent (%). (NCT02873689)
Timeframe: Up to Week 4

Interventionpercentage of days (Median)
Placebo32.67
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg51.72

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Healing Period: Percentage of Participants With Complete Healing of EE at Week 8

Percentage of participants with complete healing of EE was assessed by endoscopy. EE was graded according to the Los Angeles (LA) classification of esophagitis grading system, based on the extent of visible mucosal breaks seen in the esophagus according to the following: Grade O (no mucosal breaks); Grade A (>=1 mucosal break no longer than 5 millimeter [mm] that does not extend between the tops of 2 mucosal folds); Grade B (>=1 mucosal break greater than [>] 5 mm that does not extend between the tops of 2 mucosal folds); Grade C (>=1 mucosal break that is continuous between the tops of 2 or more mucosal folds, but involves <75 percent (%) of the circumference); Grade D (>=1 mucosal break which involves >=75% of the circumference). Healing is defined as LA Grade O. (NCT02873702)
Timeframe: Week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Healing Period: Lansoprazole 30 mg85.0
Healing Period: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg82.4

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Maintenance Period: Percentage of Participants Who Maintained Complete Healing of EE at Month 6

Percentage of participants with complete healing of EE was assessed by endoscopy. EE was graded according to the LA classification of esophagitis grading system, based on the extent of visible mucosal breaks seen in the esophagus according to the following: Grade O (no mucosal breaks); Grade A (>=1 mucosal break no longer than 5 mm that does not extend between the tops of 2 mucosal folds); Grade B (>=1 mucosal break >5 mm that does not extend between the tops of 2 mucosal folds); Grade C (>=1 mucosal break that is continuous between the tops of 2 or more mucosal folds, but involves <75% of the circumference); Grade D (>=1 mucosal break which involves >=75% of the circumference). Healing is defined as LA Grade O. (NCT02873702)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Maintenance Period: Placebo0
Maintenance Period: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg25

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Aeτ: Amount of Drug Excreted in Urine During a Dosing Interval for Bismuth

(NCT02892409)
Timeframe: Day 14 pre-dose and at multiple timepoints (up to 12 hours) post-dose

Interventionnanogram (ng) (Mean)
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + TAK-438497300
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + Lansoprazole537600

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Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Bismuth

(NCT02892409)
Timeframe: Day 14 pre-dose and at multiple timepoints (up to 12 hours) post-dose

Interventionnanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + TAK-43828.08
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + Lansoprazole30.14

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Percentage of Participants Who Discontinue Due to an Adverse Event (AE)

(NCT02892409)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 17

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + TAK-4386.7
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + Lansoprazole0.0

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Percentage of Participants Who Experience at Least One Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE)

(NCT02892409)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 17

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + TAK-43853.3
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + Lansoprazole66.7

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Percentage of Participants Who Meet the Markedly Abnormal Criteria for Safety Laboratory Tests at Least Once Post-dose

(NCT02892409)
Timeframe: Baseline up Day 15

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Amylase (greater than [>] 2*upper limit of normal)Potassium (>6.0 millimole per liter [mmol/L])
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + Lansoprazole6.76.7
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + TAK-4380.00.0

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Percentage of Participants Who Meet the Markedly Abnormal Criteria for Safety Electrocardiogram (ECG) Parameters at Least Once Post-dose

(NCT02892409)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 15

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + TAK-4380.0
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + Lansoprazole6.7

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Percentage of Participants Who Meet the Markedly Abnormal Criteria for Vital Sign Measurements at Least Once Post-dose

(NCT02892409)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Day 15

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Body temperature (less than [<] 35.6 celsius [C])Body temperature (>37.7 C)Systolic blood pressure(<85 millimeter of mercury)Diastolic blood pressure(<50millimeter of mercury)
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + Lansoprazole6.76.76.76.7
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + TAK-4380.06.76.76.7

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AUCτ: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Time Tau Over the Dosing Interval for Bismuth

(NCT02892409)
Timeframe: Day 14 pre-dose and at multiple timepoints (up to 12 hours) post-dose

Interventionhours nanogram per milliliter (h*ng/mL) (Mean)
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + TAK-438103.0
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + Bismuth + Lansoprazole111.1

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Percentage of Participants With Endoscopically Confirmed Healing of GU at Week 4

Endoscopic healing was defined as the disappearance of all white coats associated with GUs confirmed endoscopically. (NCT03050307)
Timeframe: Week 4

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
TAK-438 20 mg76.1
Lansoprazole 30 mg82.1

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Percentage of Participants With Endoscopically Confirmed Healing of Gastric Ulcers (GUs) at Weeks 4 or 8

Endoscopic healing was defined as the disappearance of all white coats associated with GUs confirmed endoscopically. (NCT03050307)
Timeframe: Week 4 or 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
TAK-438 20 mg91.1
Lansoprazole 30 mg94.7

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Percentage of Helicobacter Pylori Infected (HP+) Participants With Successful HP Eradication After 4 or 8 Weeks of Treatment

HP infection status was determined by 13C-UBT. The urea breath test is used to detect infection with HP, a bacteria associated with stomach ulcers, by testing individual breath samples in a central laboratory. The data is provided only for HP+ participants. The participant could take 4 or 8 weeks of treatment for GU healing, then additional 4 weeks later, to have the urea breath test (UBT) test to detect HP. (NCT03050307)
Timeframe: 4 weeks post treatment (up to approximately 12 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
TAK-438 20 mg88.0
Lansoprazole 30 mg80.8

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Percentage of Participants With Post-treatment Resolution of Gastrointestinal Symptoms Associated With GU

The gastrointestinal symptoms included epigastric pain [postprandial, fasting, nocturnal], abdominal bloating, nausea/vomiting, heartburn, lack of appetite. The severity of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with GU were recorded as: none = 0, mild = 1, moderate = 2 or severe = 3. The data is reported in categories for percentage of participants with resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with GU. (NCT03050307)
Timeframe: Week 2 up to Week 8

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Epigastric Pain (Postprandial)Epigastric Pain (Fasting/Nocturnal)Abdominal BloatingNausea/VomitingHeartburnLack of Appetite
Lansoprazole 30 mg80.080.565.2100.085.790.0
TAK-438 20 mg78.985.081.3100.095.877.8

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Percentage of Participants With Endoscopically Confirmed Healing of Duodenal Ulcers

Endoscopic healing was defined as the disappearance of all white coats associated with duodenal ulcers as confirmed endoscopically. (NCT03050359)
Timeframe: Week 4 or Week 6

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
TAK-438 20 mg96.9
Lansoprazole 30 mg96.5

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Percentage of Helicobacter Pylori Infected (HP+) Participants With Successful HP Eradication After 4 or 6 Weeks of Treatment

HP infection status was determined by ^13C Urea Breath Test (^13C-UBT). The urea breath test is used to detect infection with HP, a bacteria associated with stomach ulcers, by testing individual breath samples in a central laboratory. (NCT03050359)
Timeframe: 4 weeks post treatment (Up to 10 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
TAK-438 20 mg91.5
Lansoprazole 30 mg86.8

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Percentage of Participants With Endoscopically Confirmed Healing of Duodenal Ulcer at Week 4

Endoscopic healing is defined as the disappearance of all white coats associated with duodenal ulcers as confirmed endoscopically. (NCT03050359)
Timeframe: Week 4

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
TAK-438 20 mg89.2
Lansoprazole 30 mg88.4

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Percentage of Participants With Posttreatment Resolution of Gastrointestinal Symptoms Associated With Duodenal Ulcer at Weeks 2 Through 6

The percentage of participants with resolution of various gastrointestinal symptoms are reported as categories. Gastrointestinal symptoms included epigastric pain (postprandial, fasting, nocturnal), abdominal bloating, nausea/vomiting, heartburn and lack of appetite. The severity of subjective symptoms of erosive esophagitis were recorded as: none = 0, mild = 1, moderate = 2 or severe = 3. (NCT03050359)
Timeframe: Week 2 up to Week 6

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Epigastric Pain (Postprandial)Epigastric Pain (Fasting/Nocturnal)Abdominal BloatingNausea/VomitingHeartburnLack of Appetite
Lansoprazole 30 mg91.890.187.394.495.5100.0
TAK-438 20 mg87.791.783.385.2100.090.9

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Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)-Cholesterol

Change in Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol levels from baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules0.049

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Triglycerides

Change in triglycerides levels from Baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules0.075

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Ferritin

Change in Serum Levels of ferritin from Baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionmcg/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules-6.442

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Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)

Change in Serum Levels of ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) from Baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionU/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules-0.395

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Cholesterol, Total

Change in total cholesterol levels from Baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules-0.198

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Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)

Change in Serum Levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) from Baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionU/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules-35.073

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Free Thyroxine (FT4)

Change in Serum Levels of FT4 (free thyroxine) from Baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionpmol/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules0.593

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Total Triiodothyronine (TT3)

Change in Serum Levels of TT3 (total triiodothyronine) from Baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionnmol/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules0.098

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Free Triiodothyronine (FT3)

Change in Serum Levels of FT3 (free triiodothyronine) from Baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionpmol/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules0.263

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High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol

Change in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels from baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules-0.029

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Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Cholesterol

Change in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels from baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules-0.210

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Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)

Change in Serum Levels of SHBG (sex hormone binding globuline) from Baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionnmol/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules0.884

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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Change in Serum Levels of TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) from Baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

InterventionmIU/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules-0.676

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Total Thyroxine (TT4)

Change in Serum Levels of TT4 (total thyroxine) from Baseline (NCT03094416)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks

Interventionnmol/L (Mean)
Tirosint Capsules2.558

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AUC∞: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity for Dexlansoprazole

(NCT03131895)
Timeframe: Day 1: pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 24 hours) post-dose

Interventionng*hour/mL (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TOB2579.6
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TPC2420.6
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TOB5746.2
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TPC5630.4

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Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Dexlansoprazole

(NCT03131895)
Timeframe: Day 1: pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 24 hours) post-dose

Interventionnanogram/milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TOB515.7
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TPC519.5
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TOB1027.0
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TPC978.6

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AUClast: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration for Dexlansoprazole

(NCT03131895)
Timeframe: Day 1: pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 24 hours) post-dose

Interventionnanogram*hour per milliliter(ng*hour/mL) (Mean)
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TOB2416.3
Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TPC2327.6
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TOB5715.5
Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TPC5684.7

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AUC∞: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity for Dexlansoprazole

(NCT03316976)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose and at multiple timepoints (up to 24 hours) post-dose

Interventionh*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Group 1: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg3701
Group 2: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg10340

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Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Dexlansoprazole

(NCT03316976)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose and at multiple timepoints (up to 24 hours) post-dose

Interventionnanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Group 1: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg732
Group 2: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg1756

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AUClast: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration for Dexlansoprazole

(NCT03316976)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose and at multiple timepoints (up to 24 hours) post-dose

Interventionhour*nanogram per milliliter (h*ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Group 1: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg3660
Group 2: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg10198

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Cmax: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration for Dexlansoprazole

(NCT03801148)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 24 hours) post dose

Interventionnanogram/milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Part 1: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TOB610.1
Part 1: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TPC622.5
Part 2: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TOB1381
Part 2: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TPC1302

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AUC0_infpred: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity Calculated Using the Predicted Value of the Last Quantifiable Concentration for Dexlansoprazole

(NCT03801148)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 24 hours) post dose

Interventionng*hour/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part 1: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TOB2926
Part 1: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TPC2884
Part 2: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TOB6733
Part 2: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TPC6217

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AUC0_infobs: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity Calculated Using the Observed Value of the Last Quantifiable Concentration for Dexlansoprazole

(NCT03801148)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 24 hours) post dose

Interventionng*hour/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part 1: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TOB2927
Part 1: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TPC2885
Part 2: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TOB6734
Part 2: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TPC6220

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AUClast: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration for Dexlansoprazole

(NCT03801148)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose and at multiple time points (up to 24 hours) post dose

Interventionnanogram*hour per milliliter(ng*hour/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Part 1: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TOB2881
Part 1: Dexlansoprazole 30 mg TPC2756
Part 2: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TOB6608
Part 2: Dexlansoprazole 60 mg TPC6278

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Maintenance Phase: Percentage of 24-hour Heartburn-free Days

A 24-hour heartburn-free day was defined as a day having no heartburn among all diary entries for that day. The percentage of 24-hour heartburn-free days was calculated using all days with at least 1 evening or morning diary entry during the treatment period of this phase. (NCT04124926)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Week 24

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Maintenance Phase: Vonoprazan 10 mg80.9
Maintenance Phase: Vonoprazan 20 mg80.6
Maintenance Phase: Lansoprazole 15 mg78.6

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Healing Phase: Percentage of Participants Who Had Complete Healing of EE by Week 8

A participant was considered to have complete healing of EE if healing was demonstrated during endoscopy. (NCT04124926)
Timeframe: Week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Healing Phase: Vonoprazan 20 mg92.9
Healing Phase: Lansoprazole 30 mg84.6

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Maintenance Phase: Percentage of Participants Who Maintained Complete Healing of EE at Week 24

A participant was considered to have complete healing of EE if healing was demonstrated during endoscopy. (NCT04124926)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Maintenance Phase: Vonoprazan 10 mg79.2
Maintenance Phase: Vonoprazan 20 mg80.7
Maintenance Phase: Lansoprazole 15 mg72.0

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Maintenance Phase: Percentage of Participants With Baseline LA Classification Grades C or D Who Maintained Complete Healing of EE at Week 24

"A participant was considered to have complete healing of EE if healing was demonstrated during endoscopy.~LA Classification of Esophagitis Grading Scale:~Grade C: One or more mucosal breaks that are continuous between the tops of 2 or more mucosal folds, which involves less than 75% of the circumference.~Grade D: One or more mucosal breaks, which involves at least 75% of the circumference." (NCT04124926)
Timeframe: Week 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Maintenance Phase: Vonoprazan 10 mg74.7
Maintenance Phase: Vonoprazan 20 mg77.2
Maintenance Phase: Lansoprazole 15 mg61.5

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Healing Phase: Percentage of 24-hour Heartburn-free Days

A 24-hour heartburn-free day was defined as a day having no heartburn among all diary entries for that day. The percentage of 24-hour heartburn-free days was calculated using all days with at least 1 evening or morning diary entry during the treatment period of this phase. (NCT04124926)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Week 8

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Healing Phase: Vonoprazan 20 mg66.8
Healing Phase: Lansoprazole 30 mg64.1

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Healing Phase: Percentage of Participants Who Had Complete Healing of EE at Week 2

A participant was considered to have complete healing of EE if healing was demonstrated during endoscopy. (NCT04124926)
Timeframe: Week 2

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Healing Phase: Vonoprazan 20 mg74.3
Healing Phase: Lansoprazole 30 mg68.2

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Healing Phase: Percentage of Participants With Baseline LA Classification Grades C or D Who Had Complete Healing of EE at Week 2

"A participant was considered to have complete healing of EE if healing was demonstrated during endoscopy.~LA Classification of Esophagitis Grading Scale:~Grade C: One or more mucosal breaks that are continuous between the tops of 2 or more mucosal folds, which involves less than 75% of the circumference.~Grade D: One or more mucosal breaks, which involves at least 75% of the circumference." (NCT04124926)
Timeframe: Week 2

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Healing Phase: Vonoprazan 20 mg70.2
Healing Phase: Lansoprazole 30 mg52.6

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Healing Phase: Percentage of Participants With Baseline LA Classification Grades C or D Who Had Complete Healing of EE by Week 8

"A participant was considered to have complete healing of EE if healing was demonstrated during endoscopy.~LA Classification of Esophagitis Grading Scale:~Grade C: One or more mucosal breaks that are continuous between the tops of 2 or more mucosal folds, which involves less than 75% of the circumference.~Grade D: One or more mucosal breaks, which involves at least 75% of the circumference." (NCT04124926)
Timeframe: Week 8

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Healing Phase: Vonoprazan 20 mg91.7
Healing Phase: Lansoprazole 30 mg72.0

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Healing Phase: Percentage of Participants With Onset of Sustained Resolution of Heartburn by Day 3

Sustained resolution was defined as at least 7 consecutive days with no daytime or night time heartburn as assessed by the daily diary. A participant was considered to have sustained resolution of heartburn by Day 3 if the first day of the 7 consecutive days without symptoms was on Days 1, 2, or 3. (NCT04124926)
Timeframe: Day 1 to maximum of Day 10 (inclusive of 7 day heartburn assessment)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Healing Phase: Vonoprazan 20 mg34.4
Healing Phase: Lansoprazole 30 mg32.2

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Percentage of All Participants With Successful Helicobacter Pylori (H Pylori) Eradication

H pylori eradication was determined by the ^13C-UBT test. (NCT04167670)
Timeframe: Baseline to 4 weeks after the last dose of study drugs (maximum duration of treatment was 2 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Vonoprazan Dual Therapy77.2
Vonoprazan Triple Therapy80.8
Lansoprazole Triple Therapy68.5

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Percentage of Participants With Successful Helicobacter Pylori (H Pylori) Eradication in Participants With a Clarithromycin-resistant Strain of H Pylori at Baseline

H pylori eradication was determined by the ^13C-UBT test. (NCT04167670)
Timeframe: Baseline to 4 weeks after the last dose of study drugs (maximum duration of treatment was 2 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Vonoprazan Dual Therapy69.6
Vonoprazan Triple Therapy65.8
Lansoprazole Triple Therapy31.9

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Percentage of Participants With Successful Helicobacter Pylori (H Pylori) Eradication in Participants Without a Clarithromycin- or Amoxicillin-resistant Strain of H Pylori at Baseline

H pylori eradication was determined by the ^13C-UBT test. (NCT04167670)
Timeframe: Baseline to 4 weeks after the last dose of study drugs (maximum duration of treatment was 2 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Vonoprazan Dual Therapy78.5
Vonoprazan Triple Therapy84.7
Lansoprazole Triple Therapy78.8

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Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve During a Dosing Interval (AUCtau) at Steady State (ss)

Calculated using the Linear Trapezoidal with Linear Interpolation Method. The analyses of vonoprazan and lansoprazole in plasma samples was performed using validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry methods. (NCT04729101)
Timeframe: Day 7: predose and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, and 24 hours postdose

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
Vonoprazan261.4
Lansoprazole3246

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Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC0-inf)

Calculated as the area under the concentration-time curve, from time 0 to the last observed non-zero concentration (AUC0-t) + (Clast/Kel) where Clast is the last observed/measured concentration and Kel is the apparent first-order terminal elimination rate constant. The analyses of vonoprazan and lansoprazole in plasma samples was performed using validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry methods. (NCT04729101)
Timeframe: Day 1: predose and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, and 24 hours postdose

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
Vonoprazan229.5
Lansoprazole2679

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Area Under the Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to the 24-Hour Time Point (AUC0-24)

Calculated using the Linear Trapezoidal with Linear Interpolation Method. The analyses of vonoprazan and lansoprazole in plasma samples was performed using validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry methods. (NCT04729101)
Timeframe: Day 1: predose and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, and 24 hours postdose

Interventionng*hr/mL (Mean)
Vonoprazan200.6
Lansoprazole2677

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Cmax at Steady State (Cmax,ss)

Cmax,ss was taken directly from bioanalytical data. The analyses of vonoprazan and lansoprazole in plasma samples was performed using validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry methods. (NCT04729101)
Timeframe: Day 7: predose and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, and 24 hours postdose

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Vonoprazan27.39
Lansoprazole1164

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax)

Cmax was taken directly from bioanalytical data. The analyses of vonoprazan and lansoprazole in plasma samples was performed using validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry methods. (NCT04729101)
Timeframe: Day 1: predose and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, and 24 hours postdose

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Vonoprazan21.79
Lansoprazole1110

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Tmax at Steady State (Tmax,ss)

Taken from the clinical database as the difference in the time of administration and the time of the blood draw which was associated with the Cmax,ss. The analyses of vonoprazan and lansoprazole in plasma samples was performed using validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry methods. (NCT04729101)
Timeframe: Day 7: predose and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, and 24 hours postdose

Interventionhr (Median)
Vonoprazan2.005
Lansoprazole1.510

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Gastric pH >4 Holding Time Ratio (HTR): Percentage of Time Gastric pH Was Above 4 Over a 24-hour Monitoring Period Following Study Drug Administration

Calculated as: Time pH >4*100/total actual monitoring period time. Gastric pH was measured continuously over a 24-hour period on Days 1 and 7 of Periods 1 and 2, using a pH and pressure sensitive probe and ambulatory pH recording system. A pH recording was taken every second. (NCT04729101)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 7 of each treatment period

,
Interventionpercentage of time (Mean)
Day 1Day 7
Lansoprazole22.6142.32
Vonoprazan62.4087.81

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Mean Gastric pH Over a 24-hour Monitoring Period Following Study Drug Administration (pH0-24)

The average gastric pH was a measure of the immediate effect on gastric pH and the duration of effect on gastric pH. Gastric pH was measured continuously over a 24-hour period on Days 1 and 7 of Periods 1 and 2, using a pH and pressure sensitive probe and ambulatory pH recording system. A pH recording was taken every second. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 with values below 7 being more acidic and values above 7 being more basic. Normal gastric pH is between 1.5 and 3.5. (NCT04729101)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 7 of each treatment period

,
InterventionpH (Mean)
Day 1Day 7
Lansoprazole2.8483.783
Vonoprazan4.6065.903

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Time to Reach Cmax (Tmax)

Taken from the clinical database as the difference in the time of administration and the time of the blood draw which was associated with the Cmax. If the maximum value occurred at more than one time point, Tmax was defined as the first time point with this value. The analyses of vonoprazan and lansoprazole in plasma samples was performed using validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry methods. (NCT04729101)
Timeframe: Day 1: predose and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, and 24 hours postdose

Interventionhr (Median)
Vonoprazan2.005
Lansoprazole1.499

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Investigator Assessment of Symptoms by Frequency and Severity

Investigator assessed severity and frequency of patients' heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia in 7 days. Assessment included both severity grade (for severity, items were coded: none, mild, moderate, severe where none represented no complaints, severe represented incapacitating symptoms) and frequency (for frequency, a 7-graded Likert scale was used, ranging from none to all of time) of symptoms. Symptoms were scored as follows: none (no complaints), mild (aware of symptom, but easily tolerated), moderate (discomforting symptom, sufficient to cause interference with normal daily activities and/or sleep), severe (incapacitating symptom, with inability to perform normal daily activities and/or sleep). Following endoscopic evaluation, patients received lansoprazole and underwent symptom evaluation using validated PRO QOLRAD (Heartburn version) and patient diaries.Here, for frequency- All of the time and None of the time, and for symptoms- none and severe data has been presented. (NCT05055128)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 and 8

,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Week 1 (Dysphagia): Frequency- All of the timeWeek 1 (Dysphagia): Frequency- None of the timeWeek 8 (Dysphagia): Frequency- All of the timeWeek 8 (Dysphagia): Frequency- None of the timeWeek 1 (Heartburn): Frequency- All of the timeWeek 1 (Heartburn): Frequency- None of the timeWeek 8 (Heartburn): Frequency- All of the timeWeek 8 (Heartburn): Frequency- None of the timeWeek 1 (Regurgitation/Reflux): Frequency- All of the timeWeek 1 (Regurgitation/Reflux): Frequency- None of the timeWeek 8 (Regurgitation/Reflux): Frequency- All of the timeWeek 8 (Regurgitation/Reflux): Frequency- None of the timeWeek 1 (Dysphagia): Symptom- NoneWeek 1 (Dysphagia): Symptom- SevereWeek 8 (Dysphagia): Symptom- NoneWeek 8 (Dysphagia): Symptom- SevereWeek 1 (Heartburn): Symptom- NoneWeek 1 (Heartburn): Symptom- SevereWeek 8 (Heartburn): Symptom- NoneWeek 8 (Heartburn): Symptom- SevereWeek 1 (Regurgitation/Reflux): Symptom- NoneWeek 1 (Regurgitation/Reflux): Symptom- SevereWeek 8 (Regurgitation/Reflux): Symptom- NoneWeek 8 (Regurgitation/Reflux): Symptom- Severe
Lansoprazole01104031036030391214101338032411
X842 100 mg BID11313434033141321523505233054330
X842 25 mg BID01404241038110411414201538113410
X842 50 mg BID21003700037020361223700137033360
X842 75 mg BID01304334043240411324304444165410

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Number of Patients With Adverse Events (AEs)

The safety and tolerability of the four dose levels of X842 and Lansoprazole were evaluated, where Lansoprazole served as the active comparator. Here TEAE- Treatment-emergent adverse event, ADR- Adverse drug reaction, SAE- Serious adverse event, and AESI- Adverse events of special interest. (NCT05055128)
Timeframe: From Screening (Day -7 to Day 0) until Week 8

,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any AEAny TEAEAny severe TEAEAny treatment related TEAE (ADR)Any TEAE leading to study discontinuationAny SAEAny Serious TEAEAny treatment emergent AESI
Lansoprazole1010020000
X842 100 mg BID1111021000
X842 25 mg BID1514141110
X842 50 mg BID1010020000
X842 75 mg BID1212000110

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Percentage at Most-mild Heartburn 24-hour Days

Heartburn with at most mild symptoms in a 24-hour day was defined as a day where the patient reported having either no symptoms, very mild symptoms, or mild burning feeling or pain behind the breast or in the center of the upper stomach (score between 0-2) for both morning and evening. Heartburn assessed the severity as per the following scores (0=Did not have, 1=Very mild, 2=Mild, 3=Moderate, 4=Moderately severe, 5=Severe). Here higher scores represent the worst outcome, whereas lower scores represent the better outcome. After endoscopic evaluation, patients received lansoprazole, and symptom evaluation was conducted to detect patterns. Endoscopy evaluation at 4 weeks was based on the level and duration of acid control achieved with X842. Symptom evaluation involved the use of validated PRO QOLRAD (Heartburn version) and patient diaries. (NCT05055128)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 and 8

,,,,
InterventionPercentage of days (Mean)
Week 1Week 8
Lansoprazole63.192.2
X842 100 mg BID69.797.1
X842 25 mg BID75.398.5
X842 50 mg BID67.996.5
X842 75 mg BID79.495.8

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Percentage of Heartburn-Free 24-hour Days

Heartburn-free in a 24-hour day was a day where patient reported having no burning feeling or pain behind breast or in center of upper stomach for both morning and evening. Percentage of heartburn-free 24-hour days based on eDiary(Reflux Symptom Questionnaire electronic Diary: RESQ-eDiary) was evaluated. Reflux-related symptom pattern was evaluated during initial 4 weeks of treatment with four dose levels of X842 and with Lansoprazole, and symptom pattern during subsequent additional 4 weeks Lansoprazole treatment in open-label. Modified RESQ-eDiary was validated self-reported questionnaire electronic symptom diary. mRESQ-eD has 3 domains [i.e. Heartburn (min-max: 0-10), Other GERD signs/symptoms (min-max:0-15) and Regurgitations/Reflux (min-max: 0-8)]. Endoscopy followed by lansoprazole administration and symptom evaluation using PRO QOLRAD (Heartburn version) and patient diaries assessed acid control achieved with X842 at 4 weeks. (NCT05055128)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 and 8

,,,,
InterventionPercentage of days (Mean)
Week 1Week 8
Lansoprazole19.159.2
X842 100 mg BID26.172.2
X842 25 mg BID27.082.4
X842 50 mg BID25.173.8
X842 75 mg BID29.278.6

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Number of Patients With Esophageal Mucosa Healing

The healing of erosive esophagitis due to gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) was assessed. It supported the dose selection X842,through the assessment of healing of erosive esophagitis due to GERD based on endoscopic assessment after 4 weeks of treatment. The dose that would lead to having 85% of the patients have esophageal mucosa healing after 4 weeks of treatment. Following the endoscopic evaluation, all patients received subsequent 4 weeks of open-label treatment with lansoprazole. Repeated symptom evaluation was assessed during this period to detect the symptom pattern. Endoscopy evaluation at 4 weeks was based on the level and duration of acid control achieved with X842. Symptom evaluation was assessed using the validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) QOLRAD (Heartburn version) and patient diaries (RESQ-eDiary). (NCT05055128)
Timeframe: Week 4

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
X842 25 mg BID28
X842 50 mg BID28
X842 75 mg BID32
X842 100 mg BID18
Lansoprazole20

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Change From Baseline in Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia (QOLRAD) Score

Reflux-related symptom pattern was evaluated during initial 4 weeks of treatment with 4 dose levels of X842 and with Lansoprazole, and symptom pattern during subsequent additional 4 weeks of open-label treatment with Lansoprazole. Heartburn version of QOLRAD is a disease-specific instrument containing 25 questions addressing concerns associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. Questions were rated on a seven-grade (1-7) Likert scale, where a score of 1 represented low quality of life, and as score increased, the patient's condition was considered better. Questions were categorized into 5 domains: emotional distress, sleep disturbance, vitality, food/drink problems, and physical/social functioning. The score in each domain was calculated as the mean of all items in that domain. The score ranges from 1 to 175, higher scores mean a better outcome. After endoscopic evaluation, patients received lansoprazole and underwent symptom evaluation using validated PRO QOLRAD and patient diaries. (NCT05055128)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 1, and 8

,,,,
InterventionScores on scale (Mean)
Week 1: Emotional Distress ScoreWeek 8: Emotional Distress ScoreWeek 1: Food/Drink Problems ScoreWeek 8: Food/Drink Problems ScoreWeek 1: Physical/Social Functioning ScoreWeek 8: Physical/Social Functioning ScoreWeek 1: Sleep Disturbance ScoreWeek 8: Sleep Disturbance ScoreWeek 1:Vitality ScoreWeek 8: Vitality Score
Lansoprazole1.342.191.402.560.971.711.542.371.212.19
X842 100 mg BID1.542.001.652.281.191.601.491.911.502.21
X842 25 mg BID1.692.761.843.081.262.061.602.781.552.84
X842 50 mg BID1.552.511.622.971.322.261.452.481.512.79
X842 75 mg BID1.141.841.322.341.021.571.081.891.422.25

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		2.4720amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		3.411ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		8.2960monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.		3.3911aldehydecarcinogenic agent;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
electron acceptor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		2.4520acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
adenine
[no description available]		2.48206-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
9-xylosyladenine
9-xylosyladenine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source		2.1310purine nucleoside
allantoin
[no description available]		2.0510imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		4.8642azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		3.1550acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		3.5920amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		210fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
aminooxyacetic acid
Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.		2.0510amino acid;
hydroxylamines;
monocarboxylic acid		anticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
carnitine
[no description available]		2.7530amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
catechol
[no description available]		2.4420catecholsallelochemical;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		2.0510tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.9340halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		3.4170chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.7430coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		3.1450monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.0310trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
bupropion
Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		4.5470aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
taxifolin
[no description available]		2.44203'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroflavonols;
pentahydroxyflavanone;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine		5.6332alpha-amino acid
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		2.13102-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		2.7530monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		2.4420catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		4.460amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
fosmidomycin
fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.		2.4620hydroxamic acid;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
creatine
[no description available]		2.0510glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.43202-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl
butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.		2.0310alpha-diketoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.0510sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		2.0510aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		2.4620alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		2.0510alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		4.6761carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		5.21110aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		3.3611elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.7430benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.4420alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		2.0510cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		4.1231acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
n-acetylserotonin
N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.		2.0310acetamides;
N-acylserotonin;
phenols		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
naringenin
[no description available]		2.13104'-hydroxyflavanones;
trihydroxyflavanone
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		3.4811metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		2.4920pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		4.140pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.0510pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		2.0510aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		3.6420long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.0510phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		4.4260monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyrazinoic acid
pyrazinoic acid: active metabolite of pyrazinamide; structure. pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid : The parent compound of the class of pyrazinecarboxylic acids, that is pyrazine bearing a single carboxy substituent. The active metabolite of the antitubercular drug pyrazinamide.		2.1310pyrazinecarboxylic acidantitubercular agent;
drug metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		2.0510methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		3.5920hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
quinolinic acid
Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.		2.0310pyridinedicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
taurine
[no description available]		2.0310amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		3.5920primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		4.1131pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		13.254326isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxyflavan
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.		2.0310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine
[no description available]		2.0310
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0310
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source		2.0310
ibotenic acid
Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.		2.0310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidneurotoxin
gallopamil
Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.		2.0510benzenes;
organic amino compound
b 844-39
[no description available]		3.5110diarylmethane
n(8)-bromoacetyl-n(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane
N(8)-bromoacetyl-N(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane: structure given in first source		2.0310
sk&f-38393
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393		2.4420benzazepine;
catechols;
secondary amino compound
vanilmandelic acid
Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.		2.03102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
phenols		human metabolite
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		2.0510p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
1,10-diaminodecane
[no description available]		2.4420
1,10-phenanthroline
1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases		2.1310phenanthrolineEC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine: structure given in first source		2.0310
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine
DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.		2.7530oxopurineadenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist		2.0310
1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline
1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline: structure in first source. isoquinoline-1,5-diol : An isoquinolinol that is isoquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by hydroxy groups.		2.0310isoquinolinolEC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
pk 11195
PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine		2.4420aromatic amide;
isoquinolines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		2.7530monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole: an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in mouse		2.0310imidazoles
1-aminobenzotriazole
[no description available]		2.4420
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		4.6332aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
1-methylimidazole
1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.		2.0310imidazoles
edelfosine
edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.		2.0310glycerophosphocholine
17-octadecynoic acid
octadec-17-ynoic acid : An acetylenic fatty acid that is octadecanoi acid (stearic acid) which has been doubly dehydrogenated at positions 17 and 18 to give the corresponding alkynoic acid.		2.0610acetylenic fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
monounsaturated fatty acid;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.14.14.94 (leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one
1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.		2.4420oxadiazoloquinoxalineEC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
hoe 33342
BXI-72: structure in first source		2.4620bibenzimidazole;
N-methylpiperazine		fluorochrome
2,2'-dipyridyl
2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.		2.7530bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor
2-hydroxysaclofen
2-hydroxysaclofen: structure given in first source		2.0310organochlorine compound
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor.		2.4420isocoumarins;
organochlorine compound		geroprotector;
serine protease inhibitor
phaclofen
phaclofen: peripheral & central baclofen & GABA antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0310organophosphate oxoanion;
zwitterion
3-aminobenzamide
[no description available]		2.0310benzamides;
substituted aniline		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
3-bromo-7-nitroindazole
[no description available]		2.0310
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		1.9910ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		2.7330oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
3-nitropropionic acid
3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.		2.0310C-nitro compoundantimycobacterial drug;
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
mycotoxin;
neurotoxin
ro 5-4864
4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor		2.1310
cgp 52411
4,5-dianilinophthalimide: structure given in first source. 4,5-dianilinophthalimide : Phthalimide substituted at the 4- and 5-positions by anilino groups.		2.0510phthalimidesgeroprotector;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN;		2.4420benzoisoquinoline;
dicarboximide
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		2.4720aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		2.4420guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide
4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide: metabolite of nifuroxazide. 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with hydrazine.		2.0310carbohydrazide;
phenols
4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile
4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile: structure given in first source. 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile : A 1,2,5-oxadiazole substituted by an oxido, cyano and phenyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation.		2.44201,2,5-oxadiazole;
benzenes;
N-oxide;
nitrile		geroprotector;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.		2.03101-pyrroline nitronesneuroprotective agent;
spin trapping reagent
phenytoin
[no description available]		12.17152imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid: potent antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated glycine binding site		2.0310quinolines
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid
5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).		2.1310long-chain fatty acid
5-(n,n-hexamethylene)amiloride
5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride: inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange; has anti-HIV-1 activity. 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring.		2.4420aromatic amine;
azepanes;
guanidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
odorant receptor antagonist;
sodium channel blocker
ethylisopropylamiloride
ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.		2.4420aromatic amine;
guanidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
neuroprotective agent;
sodium channel blocker
5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid
5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist		2.7530indolyl carboxylic acid
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		2.0310indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenanthridone
phenanthridone: coal tar derivative; structure given in first source. phenanthridone : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is phenanthridine with an oxo substituent at position 6. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, it has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity.		2.4420lactam;
phenanthridines		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
mutagen
6-chloromelatonin
[no description available]		2.0310acetamides
6-hydroxymelatonin
6-hydroxymelatonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is melatonin with a hydroxy group substituent at position 6.		2.0310acetamides;
tryptamines		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-methoxytryptoline
6-methoxytryptoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310
6-nitroso-1,2-benzopyrone
[no description available]		2.4420
7-chlorokynurenic acid
7-chlorokynurenic acid: selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; structure given in first source. 7-chlorokynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid.		2.0310organochlorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
etofylline
etofylline: etophyllin appeared once in PubMed: Wien Med Wochenschr. 1986 May 15;136(9):213-8 as a combination drug with theophylline (spelt without e, theophllin)		2.1310oxopurine
7-nitroindazole
7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure		2.4720
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist		2.4420
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats		2.0310oxopurine
8-phenyltheophylline
8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist		2.0310
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		3.4270acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
aa 861
2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.		2.77301,4-benzoquinones;
acetylenic compound;
primary alcohol		EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		4.85100aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		11.79181acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetarsol
[no description available]		2.1310acetamides;
anilide
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		4.96110monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide
Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.		2.4520acetophenones;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		4.2350acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
ag 127
tyrphostin AG 126: inhibits development of postoperative ileus induced by surgical manipulation of murine colon		2.4420nitrophenol
rtki cpd
[no description available]		2.4420aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
geroprotector
tyrphostin a23
tyrphostin A23: inhibits EGF-stimulated thymidine incorporation as well as EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation & tyrosine phosphorylation & cell proliferation; structure given in first source		2.4420catechols
tyrphostin 25
[no description available]		2.4420benzenetriol
tyrphostin a1
[no description available]		2.0310methoxybenzenesgeroprotector
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source		2.0310
alaproclate
alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		3.2310alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole
[no description available]		9.5770aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		4.93110phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		4.24501,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin
alfuzosin: structure given in first source		4.0840monocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		3.8530imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		4.7590organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		3.6690secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		4.0840triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		4.7590adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium
ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ionEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		2.0510aromatic amine
amfonelic acid
amfonelic acid: CNS-stimulant		2.0310
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		3.8730acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		3.8430diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		2.9640dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		2.0510guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		4.140N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		8.54275dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		5.161401-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		2.7530aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		7.24162carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlexanox
amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.		2.4520monocarboxylic acid;
pyridochromene		anti-allergic agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		4.85100dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		2.7230barbiturates
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.7730aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		4.5570dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		2.7530acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		4.2550nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione
Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.		2.0510methoxybenzenes
aniracetam
[no description available]		2.4720N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidin-2-ones
anisindione
anisindione: structure. anisindione : A cyclic beta-diketone consisting of indane-1,3-dione having a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.1310aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		anticoagulant;
vitamin K antagonist
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		2.4720anthracenesantipsoriatic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		3.76100pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version		2.0310
apraclonidine
apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
guanidines;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
diagnostic agent;
ophthalmology drug
aprindine
Aprindine: A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		2.0510indanes
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		14.115420benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		8.77100benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		5.23150ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate: a glutamate agonist		2.0310alpha-amino acid
atrazine
[no description available]		2.0210chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
diamino-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
aurintricarboxylic acid
Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.		2.4420monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid		fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		4.85100aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelaic acid
nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.		2.9540alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
plant metabolite
azelastine
azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.7330monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
azosemide
azosemide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by chlorine, (2-thienylmethyl)amino and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl groups, respectively. It is a diuretic that has been used in the management of oedema and hypertension.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide;
tetrazoles;
thiophenes		loop diuretic
baclofen
[no description available]		4.4260amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
barbital
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).		2.0510barbituratesdrug allergen
bay-k-8644
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.		2.7530(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
bendazac
bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.		3.5920indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide
Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.		3.6320benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benserazide
Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		2.0610carbohydrazide;
catechols;
primary alcohol;
primary amino compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		2.0310benzamides
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		5.41001-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		2.0810benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		2.1310benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benzyl benzoate
benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.		2.0110benzoate ester;
benzyl ester		acaricide;
plant metabolite;
scabicide
bepridil
Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.		3.2960pyrrolidines;
tertiary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
berberine
[no description available]		2.5220alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
beta-naphthoflavone
beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.		2.6930extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
betaxolol
[no description available]		4.6580propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bethanechol
Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		3.5620carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist
bevantolol
bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.7230propanolamineanti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
calcium channel blocker
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		4.0840(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		340biphenyls;
imidazoles
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		3.8630piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisacodyl
Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)		3.930diarylmethane
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		4.6480secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bml 190
indomethacin morpholinylamide: an inverse agonist of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor		2.4420N-acylindole
bretylium
bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.0510quaternary ammonium ionadrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
brimonidine
[no description available]		2.9640imidazoles;
quinoxaline derivative;
secondary amine		adrenergic agonist;
alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent
bromazepam
Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.9640organic molecular entity
bromhexine
Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).		2.7630organobromine compound;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		mucolytic
bromopride
bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.7530benzamides
bromisovalum
Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.		2.0510N-acylurea;
organobromine compound
bronopol
[no description available]		2.0810nitro compound
brotizolam
brotizolam: structure		2.7230organic molecular entity
bu 224
BU 224: a selective imidazoline 2-receptor blocker		2.0510quinolines
bufexamac
Bufexamac: A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.. bufexamac : A hydroxamic acid derived from phenylacetamide in which the benzene moiety is substituted at C-4 by a butoxy group. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.		2.1310aromatic ether;
hydroxamic acid		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
buflomedil
buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure		2.7430aromatic ketone
bumetanide
[no description available]		5.16140amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin
bunazosin: structure		2.0410quinazolines
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		3.1550aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		4.4160azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
busulfan
[no description available]		4.7690methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital
secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital		3.2310barbiturates
butacaine
butacaine: was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92		2.1310benzoate ester
butalbital
butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.		2.0510barbituratesanalgesic;
sedative
butamben
butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.		2.1310amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		local anaesthetic
butenafine
butenafine: studied on experimental dermatophytosis. butenafine : Trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.		2.0210naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		antifungal drug;
EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor
caffeine
[no description available]		13.2183purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		5.34170aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
metrizoate
Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.		2.4520monocarboxylic acidradioopaque medium
candesartan cilexetil
candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects		3.6320biphenyls
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.8630benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		5.16140dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbetapentane
carbetapentane: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310benzenes
carbinoxamine
carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.		3.2310monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
carisoprodol
Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.		4.2550carbamate estermuscle relaxant
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		3.360N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		4.1631carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carteolol
Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.		2.7130quinolone;
secondary alcohol		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		4.7590carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
cefuroxime
Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.		2.4520carbamate ester;
cephalosporin
celecoxib
[no description available]		9.1134organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		4.2450ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
cetraxate
[no description available]		5.0133benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.		2.2510quaternary ammonium ion
cgs 12066
4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline : A pyrroloquinoxaline that is pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline bearing additional 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) full agonist, 10-fold selective over 5-HT1A and 1000-fold selective over 5-HT2C receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.0310N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
pyrroloquinoxaline		serotonergic agonist
cgs 15943
9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist. CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.		2.4420aromatic amine;
biaryl;
furans;
organochlorine compound;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines;
triazoloquinazoline		adenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
antineoplastic agent;
central nervous system stimulant
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		2.0710benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		2.0510aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		5.16140aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine
chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness		3.2310diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		4.7690benzodiazepine
chlormezanone
Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.		4.06401,3-thiazine;
lactam;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfone		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
muscle relaxant
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		5.02120aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		4.2450benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		4.7690monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		5.17140organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		4.94110monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		4.7690isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		4.76901,3-benzoxazoles;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
organochlorine compound		muscle relaxant;
sedative
cifenline
[no description available]		3.1450diarylmethane
ciclopirox
[no description available]		2.4520cyclic hydroxamic acid;
hydroxypyridone antifungal drug;
pyridone		antibacterial agent;
antiseborrheic
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		2.4720aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostamide
cilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structure		2.4420quinolines
cilostazol
[no description available]		5.8261lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		10.93381aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
cinoxacin
Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.		3.2960cinnolines;
oxacycle;
oxo carboxylic acid		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate
[no description available]		2.9740cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		5.03120aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
cisapride
Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.		12.22121benzamides
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		6.241012-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol
Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0510amino alcohol;
dichlorobenzene;
ethanolamines;
primary arylamine;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.7630monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		2.73301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		4.2750monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		4.7790aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clomiphene
[no description available]		4.140tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		4.5370dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		9.53701,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		4.84100clonidine;
imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
[no description available]		2.7830sulfonamide
chlorazepate
clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.		4.06401,4-benzodiazepinoneanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
clotiazepam
clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines		2.0510organic molecular entity
clotrimazole
[no description available]		4.7690conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cromolyn
cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.		2.4620chromones;
dicarboxylic acid		anti-asthmatic drug;
calcium channel blocker
cx546
1-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: structure in first source		2.0310
cyclandelate
Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.		2.0510carboxylic ester;
secondary alcohol		vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		3.8530carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant;
muscle relaxant;
tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil
Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.		3.2310organic molecular entity
cyclothiazide
cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.		2.0310benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		2.0510dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dapsone
[no description available]		5.02120substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
debrisoquin
Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.		2.0510carboxamidine;
isoquinolines		adrenergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
human metabolite;
sympatholytic agent
deferiprone
Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.		2.13104-pyridonesiron chelator;
protective agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		3.5920acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
dephostatin
dephostatin: from Streptomyces sp. MJ742-NF5; structure given in first source		2.0310
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		5.1130dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam
Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.		2.95401,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
sedative
nonivamide
nonivamide: has effect on sensory neurons. nonivamide : A capsaicinoid that is the carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine with the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. It is the active ingredient in many pepper sprays.		2.0310capsaicinoid;
phenols		lachrymator
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		3.8630primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		2.7530alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
r 59022
R 59022: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source; platelet activator factor antagonist		2.0310diarylmethane
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		12.331821,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		4.94110benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
dibucaine
Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.		2.1310aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		topical anaesthetic
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		5.17140amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		2.0510benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorophen
Dichlorophen: Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.)		2.1310bridged diphenyl fungicide;
diarylmethane
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		3.2310dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine
Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		3.2310carboxylic ester;
tertiary amine		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
3,4-dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.0510benzoic acids
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		3.5720pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		4.7590monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		3.5920dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		4.7590ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
diphenyleneiodonium
diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.		2.4620organic cation
dipivefrin
dipivefrin: used in treatment of both primary & open angle glaucoma; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. dipivefrin : The dipivalate ester of (+-)-epinephrine (racepinephrine). A pro-drug of epinephrine, the hydrochloride is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.		2.0210ethanolamines;
pivalate ester		adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		5.48110piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		10.02120monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		4.95110organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		4.85100branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0310
thiorphan
Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.		2.0310N-acyl-amino acid
2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. Used to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis.		2.44201,4-naphthoquinones
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		6.54141benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		4.4130aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxapram
Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.		3.8630morpholines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.3960aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		4.7590dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
doxylamine
Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.		3.2310pyridines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antitussive;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
sedative
droperidol
Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.		4.4160aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
dipropizine
[no description available]		2.1310piperazines
dyphylline
Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.		4.2750oxopurine;
propane-1,2-diols		bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
ebastine
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		340benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		2.9540dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		3.2310phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ellipticine
ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.		2.7530indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
polycyclic heteroarene		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		2.4420trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.		2.4420ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		anaesthetic
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		3.14501,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
epirizole
Epirizole: 4-Methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinyl pyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity.		2.4420aromatic ether
estazolam
Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.		3.8530triazoles;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		4.4360aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
myambutol
[no description available]		2.1310amino alcohol
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		4.2450dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin
ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.		3.2310imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide
Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.		2.4920aromatic ether;
benzothiazoles;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
ethyl loflazepate
ethyl loflazepate: structure given in first source		2.0510organic molecular entity
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		3.56201,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
etilefrine
Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.		2.9540phenols
etodolac
Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.		4.6480monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810
[no description available]		4.54702-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
famotidine
Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.		14.758251,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.5470carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
4-biphenylylacetic acid
biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis.		2.5120biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		5.29160dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fenbufen
fenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.13104-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
biphenyls		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fendiline
Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.		2.4620diarylmethane
fenfluramine
Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.4120(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
secondary amino compound		appetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		5.48110aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fenoldopam
Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.		3.2310benzazepinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
fenoprofen
Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.		3.2310monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek
Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		3.1450resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
fenspiride
fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma		2.4520azaspiro compound
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		3.360anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		4.460piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide
fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level		3.2310benzodioxoles
flavoxate
Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.		3.2310carboxylic ester;
flavones;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		4.94110aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		2.9740difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		5.09130conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		4.85100aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		2.4920aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		4.0640N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		4.94110ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flumequine
flumequine: structure. flumequine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-flumequine. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, formerly used in veterinary medicine for stock breeding and treatment of aquacultures.. 9-fluoro-5-methyl-1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline carrying additional carboxy, methyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2, 5 and 9 respectively.		2.13103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
pyridoquinoline;
quinolone antibiotic
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		2.72301,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		4.2650benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		5.02120nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		11.42121(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
fluphenazine depot
fluphenazine decanoate : The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.		2.0210decanoate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
prodrug
fluphenazine enanthate
[no description available]		2.0210phenothiazines
flurazepam
Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.		3.23101,4-benzodiazepinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		4.6580fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene
Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.		2.4420diarylmethane
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		5.1130(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
fomepizole
Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		3.5920pyrazolesantidote;
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
protective agent
formoterol fumarate
N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide : A phenylethanoloamine having 4-hydroxy and 3-formamido substituents on the phenyl ring and an N-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl substituent.		2.4420formamides;
phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		4.5470carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
fpl 64176
FPL 64176: an activator of L-type calcium channels; structure given in first source. FPL 64176 : 1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.		2.4420carboxylic ester;
pyrroles		calcium channel agonist
furafylline
[no description available]		2.4620oxopurine
furazolidone
Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.		11.2166nitrofuran antibiotic;
oxazolidines		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		6.01200chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
fusaric acid
Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.		2.0310aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		4.6580gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid: structure		2.0310
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		4.7690aromatic etherantilipemic drug
glafenine
Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.		3.5920aminoquinoline;
carboxylic ester;
glycol;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		3.1550N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		4.7690sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		5.16140aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		2.4620piperidines
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		6.06210monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester
[no description available]		3.2310benzenes
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		2.0510
granisetron
[no description available]		4.6580aromatic amide;
indazoles
fluorometholone
[no description available]		2.1310
guaiazulene
guaiazulene: structure		2.0510sesquiterpene
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		6.0181methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		3.5920azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		4.5470acetamides
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		3.2310carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		2.1310isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.0310isoquinolines
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.0510isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		10.45190aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		2.7730haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline
Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.		2.1310harmala alkaloidoneirogen
hemicholinium 3
[no description available]		2.0310morpholines
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.4920bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		3.620phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
4-fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol
[no description available]		2.0310
hexestrol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
hexetidine
Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)		2.0510organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.9540barbiturates
hexamethylene bisacetamide
N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208		2.1310acetamides
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		2.1310thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		4.2450azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		5.16140benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		4.2850benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		3.5820aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		4.84100one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		4.0740hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin
[no description available]		2.0410
ibudilast
[no description available]		2.0310pyrazolopyridine
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		5.35170monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
ic 261
[no description available]		2.4420indoles
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		4.0740primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		4.94110benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
alverine
alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.		2.0510tertiary amineantispasmodic drug
idebenone
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
ifenprodil
ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0310piperidines
ifosfamide
[no description available]		4.5470ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		5.23150dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		5.02120bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
incadronate
[no description available]		2.05101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		4.6680indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indirubin-3'-monoxime
indirubin-3'-monoxime: has antiangiogenic activity. indirubin-3'-monoxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.		2.4420
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		6.13390aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
indoprofen
Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein.		2.1310gamma-lactam;
isoindoles;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
iodixanol
iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.		2.0210organoiodine compoundradioopaque medium
iodoacetamide
[no description available]		2.4120
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		3.1550benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iopromide
iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.		2.7330dicarboxylic acid diamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
nephrotoxic agent;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		2.4620organic molecular entity
iodipamide
Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.		2.0510benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound;
secondary carboxamide		radioopaque medium
iotroxic acid
iotroxic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0610organic molecular entity
ioversol
[no description available]		3.5620amidobenzoic acid
ipriflavone
ipriflavone : A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.		2.1310aromatic ether;
isoflavones		bone density conservation agent
iproniazid
[no description available]		4.0940carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		4.2650azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		2.03103-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		3.5920benzenes
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		2.4420organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		5.02120carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid: structure in first source		2.4420
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.0510secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		4.0640catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		3.5920alkylbenzene
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		4.85100benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itopride
[no description available]		8.4711benzamides
itraconazole
[no description available]		5.62130piperazines
4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline
WHI P131: a quinazoline derivative, inhibitor of glioblastoma cell adhesion and migration		2.0310
jl 18
JL 18: a pyridobenzodiazepine derivative bioisoster of clozapine		2.4420
nsc 664704
kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).		2.7430indolobenzazepine;
lactam;
organobromine compound		cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		4.5470cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		3.5680aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		5.34170dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		5.23150benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		4.6580amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen
Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.		2.0510cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		2.4920furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		2.0310monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.		2.0310alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
phosphonic acids		human metabolite;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		4.7590benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lamotrigine
[no description available]		4.941101,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
beta-lapachone
beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.		2.7430benzochromenone;
orthoquinones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		4.4160(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole
[no description available]		4.4160nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
linopirdine
linopirdine: acetylcholine releasing drug		2.4420indoles
lofepramine
Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.		2.9640aromatic ketone;
dibenzoazepine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		3.8430fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
lomustine
[no description available]		4.0940N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		4.0840monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		4.87100benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		4.460benzodiazepine
lorglumide
lorglumide: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. lorglumide : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide.. N(2)-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-N,N-dipentyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)glutamic acid with the amino group of dipentylamine.		2.0710benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
dichlorobenzene;
glutamic acid derivative
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		5.2990biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine
Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.		3.8530dibenzooxazepineantipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
loxoprofen
loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.		9.7332cyclopentanones;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
ly 171883
LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.		2.1310acetophenones;
aromatic ether;
phenols;
tetrazoles		anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.0310chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
mabuterol
mabuterol: structure given in first source		210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.0510diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source		2.0510isopropyl ester
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		4.6580anthracenes
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		2.4620organic molecular entity
edaravone
[no description available]		2.1310pyrazoloneantioxidant;
radical scavenger
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		4.85100aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		3.2310primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		3.5920nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
meclizine
Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.		3.5920diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid
Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.5620aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenamate sodium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.4720organic sodium salt
meclofenoxate
Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.5470aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
mefloquine hydrochloride
[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.		2.4420organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinolines;
secondary alcohol
memantine
[no description available]		3.2310adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.82301,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mepenzolate
mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310diarylmethane
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		4.460ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		11.0281imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		3.8630piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		3.8630organic molecular entity
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		4.5270amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mesoridazine
Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.		3.2310phenothiazines;
sulfoxide;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol
Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.		4.0640aralkylamino compound;
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		6.74171guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		4.6580benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		2.0410ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
methazolamide
Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.		3.6320sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
methiothepin
Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).		2.0310aryl sulfide;
dibenzothiepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
tertiary amino compound		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		3.6320aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
methoctramine
[no description available]		2.0310aromatic ether;
tetramine		muscarinic antagonist
methoxyamine
methoxyamine: analytical reagent for aldehydes and ketones; strong irritant, can probably produce methemoglobinemia; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510organooxygen compound
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		3.8730aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		2.4620ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)		3.2310benzothiadiazine
nocodazole
[no description available]		2.4420aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.0510benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine
[no description available]		2.0310benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		4.4160beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
methyprylon
methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94		2.0510organic molecular entity
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		10.78160benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metolazone
Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.		4.7690organochlorine compound;
quinazolines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		5.23150aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		20195114C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		3.5920aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		4.7690aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin
Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.		2.9540dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine agonist;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		9.5251dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		5.09130imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
midodrine
Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.		3.5620amino acid amide;
aromatic ether;
secondary alcohol		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone
[no description available]		4.6480bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		4.95110dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		4.7590benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		3.8530diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		4.85100dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
ml 7
ML-7 : An N-sulfonyldiazepane resullting from the formal condensation of 5-iodo-1-naphthylsulfonic acid with one of the nitrogens of 1,4-diazepane. It is a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18).		2.4420N-sulfonyldiazepane;
organoiodine compound		EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor
ml 9
[no description available]		2.0510naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
moclobemide
Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.		3.5680benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
modafinil
Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.		3.5920monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfoxide
monocrotaline
[no description available]		3.2710pyrrolizines
moxisylyte
Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)		3.8730monoterpenoid
deet
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.		2.0510benzamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		environmental contaminant;
insect repellent;
xenobiotic
n-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source. N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.		2.0310naphthalenes;
organochlorine compound;
primary amino compound;
sulfonamide
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		3.1650acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
n-bromoacetamide
[no description available]		2.0310
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		3.2860maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
fg 7142
FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist		2.4420beta-carbolines
fenamic acid
fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		2.0310aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		membrane transport modulator
n 0840
N(6)-cyclopentyl-9-methyladenine: selective, orally active A(1) adenosine receptor antagonist		2.4420
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		4.460methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nadolol
[no description available]		3.8730tetralins
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		4.29501,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
naratriptan
naratriptan: structure given in first source		4.2550heteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		4.95110aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		2.9740benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.4720quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		5.02120cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		4.2750organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		5.86170benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niceritrol
Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.		2.0510organic molecular entity
niclosamide
Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.		2.4420benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide		anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		5.97190C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
niflumic acid
Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.		2.7630aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
nilutamide
[no description available]		4.0640(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
imidazolidinone		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine
[no description available]		210dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester;
nitrile
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		4.4260aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		5.921802-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nipecotic acid
nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.		2.0310beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.85100C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		3.55801,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		5.23150C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		3.8630nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nizatidine
[no description available]		4.841001,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound;
carboxamidine;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
cholinergic drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		4.2650isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol
nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)		2.9540catechols;
lignan;
tetrol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		11.24101fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cm 7116
norflutoprazepam: structure		2.1310benzodiazepine
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		5.02120organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist		2.4420nitrobenzoic acid
ns 2028
NS 2028: structure in first source		2.0310
ns 1619
NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).		2.4420(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
benzimidazoles;
phenols		potassium channel opener
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide
N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.		3.1210aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
o(6)-benzylguanine
O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity		2.0310
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		11.7329103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
olomoucine
olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.		2.74302,6-diaminopurines;
ethanolamines		EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		26.551,397515aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		5.02120carbazoles
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		3.8730ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
oxamniquine
Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.		2.0510aromatic primary alcohol;
C-nitro compound;
quinolines;
secondary amino compound
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.64801,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxatomide
oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.		2.9640benzimidazoles;
diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		4.851001,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxethazaine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid amide
oxiracetam
oxiracetam: structure in first source		2.7330organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
oxolinic acid
quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.		2.0310aromatic carboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
enzyme inhibitor
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		2.9540aromatic ether
oxybenzone
oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.		2.0510hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene		dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		4.0840acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.4620phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		4.140aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		2.03101,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclonine
Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.		2.0310phenylalanine derivative
palmidrol
palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.		2.4420endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticonvulsant;
antihypertensive agent;
neuroprotective agent
pamidronate
[no description available]		4.2550phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		18.3721142aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		4.5570benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
1,7-dimethylxanthine
1,7-dimethylxanthine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals.		2.0310dimethylxanthinecentral nervous system stimulant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pd 169316
2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazole: p38 MAP kinase inhibitor		2.0510imidazoles
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		2.4420aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		4.08401,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		4.6680aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		4.0840barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		4.7690oxopurine
perazine
Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.		2.0510N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		3.2310piperidinescardiovascular drug
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		5.1130N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		3.6690acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.0110diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
phenindione
Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)		2.4920aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		anticoagulant
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		4.94110barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.		2.7430phenols
phenolsulfonphthalein
Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.		3.37112,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
phenols;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
diagnostic agent;
two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		3.5920aromatic amine
phentermine
Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.		3.5920primary amineadrenergic agent;
appetite depressant;
central nervous system drug;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopaminergic agent;
sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		3.6320monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
phenyl biguanide
phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.4420guanidinescentral nervous system drug
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		3.4370pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
phloretin
[no description available]		2.4420dihydrochalconesantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
phthalylsulfathiazole
phthalylsulfathiazole: minor descriptor (63-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SULFATHIAZOLES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalylsulfathiazole : A sulfonamide incorporating 2-carboxybenzamido and 1,3-thiazol-2-yl moieties that is a broad-spectrum antibiotic indicated in the treatment of dysentery, colitis, gastroenteritis and intestinal surgery.		2.06101,3-thiazoles;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide
moxonidine
moxonidine: structure given in first source		3.360organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
picotamide
picotamide: has anticoagulant & fibrinolytic properties; structure		2.4420benzamides
pilsicainide
pilsicainide: structure given in first source. pilsicainide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.		2.0710organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
pimobendan
pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source		2.0410benzimidazoles;
pyridazinone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
pinacidil
Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)		2.9740pyridines
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		4.94110indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.2850aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
pipemidic acid
Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.		2.4920amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridopyrimidine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid: specific GABA agonist		2.0310
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		2.7730organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pirbuterol
pirbuterol: structure		2.7330pyridines
pirenperone
[no description available]		2.7530aromatic ketone
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		2.9240pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
piretanide
piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure		2.4520aromatic ether
piribedil
Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.		2.0810N-arylpiperazine
polythiazide
[no description available]		3.2310benzothiadiazine
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		2.110inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
practolol
Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		2.7430acetamides;
ethanolamines;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote
duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents		3.2310pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
pramoxine
pramoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pramocaine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 3-(4-butoxyphenoxy)propyl group.		2.0410aromatic ether;
morpholines		local anaesthetic
ono 1078
pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.0810chromones
pyranoprofen
pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0810pyridochromene
prazepam
Prazepam: A benzodiazepine that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.0210benzodiazepine
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		4.7790isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		5.22150aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine
Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.4520amino acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticonvulsant;
local anaesthetic
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		4.5470aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		4.7590pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		5.03120benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		2.9740dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		5.02120benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		2.0510benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		4.0740benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		4.5470N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		4.460pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
proglumide
Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine.		2.4420benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
glutamine derivative;
racemate		anti-ulcer drug;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
cholinergic antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
drug metabolite;
gastrointestinal drug;
opioid analgesic;
xenobiotic metabolite
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		2.0410phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		4.85100phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		4.7690aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		3.2310xanthenes
propentofylline
[no description available]		2.4420oxopurine
propiverine
propiverine: anticholinergic used for overactive bladder syndrome		2.4620diarylmethane
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		4.2450phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		11.79181naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protriptyline
Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.		4.0440carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant
proxyphylline
[no description available]		2.1310oxopurine
pyridinolcarbamate
Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)		2.0510pyridines
pyridostigmine
[no description available]		4.0840pyridinium ion
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		4.2750aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134
quazepam: structure given in first source		3.5620benzodiazepine
quetiapine
[no description available]		3.8830dibenzothiazepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		19.4420147benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene
raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.		3.83301-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols		bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine
[no description available]		3.92120aralkylamine
opc 12759
rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase		9.351210secondary carboxamide
pf 5901
alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist		2.7530quinolines
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		4.7590benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		3.5620alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		5.161401,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin
Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.		2.9740organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
thiazolopyrimidine		antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan
rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate		4.0740tryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone
4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.		2.0310methoxybenzenes
rofecoxib
[no description available]		4.2450butenolide;
sulfone		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram
[no description available]		2.4720pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ronidazole
Ronidazole: Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent used mainly in veterinary practice.. ronidazole : A carbamate ester that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by methyl and (carbamoyloxy)methyl groups, respectively. An antiprotozoal agent, it is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of histomoniasis and swine dysentery.		2.1310C-nitro compound;
carbamate ester;
imidazoles		antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
ropinirole
[no description available]		3.5720indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist
roxatidine acetate
roxatidine acetate: structure given in first source		7.3885piperidines
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		2.74301,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
salicylamide
salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source		2.4920phenols;
salicylamides		antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic
salmeterol xinafoate
salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.		2.4320ether;
phenols;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
sanguinarine
benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.		2.0710alkaloid antibiotic;
benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent
salicylsalicylic acid
salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.		3.2310benzoate ester;
benzoic acids;
phenols;
salicylates		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
sb 202190
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase		2.4420imidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
phenols;
pyridines		apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
secobarbital
Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.		3.2310barbituratesanaesthesia adjuvant;
GABA modulator;
sedative
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		2.4420ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine
sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride		3.5920organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		4.93110pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sobuzoxane
sobuzoxane: used in treatment of leukemia L1210		2.0310organic molecular entity
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		4.4160pyridines
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		5.02120ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt
sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.		2.0510organic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
orphan drug;
prodrug
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		2.1310aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
aldactazide
[no description available]		2.1310steroid lactone
spiroxatrine
spiroxatrine: structure		2.4420imidazolidines
sq 22536
9-(tetrahydrofuryl)adenine : A nucleoside analogue that is adenine in which the nitrogen at position 9 has been substituted by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It is an adenylate cyclase inhibitor.		2.0310nucleoside analogue;
oxolanes		EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
imatinib
[no description available]		4.9560aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
streptonigrin
[no description available]		2.1310pyridines;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		4.0840dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
succinylsulfathiazole
succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure		2.06101,3-thiazoles
sulconazole
sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.7230dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
organic sulfide
sulfabenzamide
sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation.		2.1310benzenes;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial drug
sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.		2.1310N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		2.4920aromatic ether;
pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfamerazine
[no description available]		2.7830pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen
sulfameter
Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
leprostatic drug;
renal agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.4920pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		3.8930sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		3.5580isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfamethoxypyridazine
Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		2.1310pyridazines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		2.0510substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfanitran
[no description available]		2.4620sulfonamide
sulfaphenazole
Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.		3.1650primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		5.54120
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		3.23101,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		3.4270pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		3.2960isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sulforaphane
sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.		2.0510isothiocyanate;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		3.8830alkylbenzene
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		3.6590benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sultopride
[no description available]		2.4620salicylamides
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		4.7590sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		3.1450aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.9640naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
t0156
[no description available]		2.4420naphthyridine derivative
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		3.3160N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tazarotene
tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.		2.4520acetylenic compound;
ethyl ester;
pyridines;
retinoid;
thiochromane		keratolytic drug;
prodrug;
teratogenic agent
1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene
1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene: potent phenobarbital-like inducer of microsomal monooxygenase activity; structure given in first source		2.0310
tegafur
[no description available]		2.7330organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
telenzepine
telenzepine: structure given in first source		2.0310benzodiazepine
temazepam
Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.		4.0540benzodiazepine
temozolomide
[no description available]		4.0840imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		4.85100furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		4.94110phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		4130diarylmethane
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		2.0510benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		2.0710quaternary ammonium ion
tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide
Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide: N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. A specific inhibitor of pseudocholinesterases. It is commonly used experimentally to determine whether pseudo- or acetylcholinesterases are involved in an enzymatic process.		2.4420phosphoramide
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		4.2450phthalimides;
piperidones
theobromine
Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.		2.0310dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
bronchodilator agent;
food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		4.06401,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		5.2890phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		4.5470aziridines
tiapride
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides
tiaprofenic acid
tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.		2.0510aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		drug allergen;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		11.63228monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.		2.4720aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		11.693722imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tioconazole
tioconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tioconazole.. 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that comprises 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylimidazole carrying an additional (2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy substituent at position 2.		2.4420dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
thiophenes
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		3.8530N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		4.7590benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate
8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310trihydroxybenzoic acid
nikethamide
Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)		2.0810pyridinecarboxamide
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.0940N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		5.34170N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tolmetin
Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.		3.5420aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate
[no description available]		2.5120monothiocarbamic esterantifungal drug
tolperisone
Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)		2.0510aromatic ketone
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid: a GABA-C receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.0310
ici 136,753
[no description available]		2.4420pyrazolopyridine
ultram
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.		5.01120aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		10.9134amino acid
trapidil
Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.		2.7730triazolopyrimidines
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		4.6580monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
trequinsin
trequinsin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0710pyridopyrimidine
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		4.93110pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		4.85100triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
trichlormethiazide
Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.		2.1310benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide antibiotic		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
triclosan
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trientine
Trientine: An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.. TETA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a fouteen-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.. 2,2,2-tetramine : A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens.		2.0210polyazaalkane;
tetramine		copper chelator
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		4.0740N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.0510organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		3.2310amine
trimebutine
Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.		3.3811trihydroxybenzoic acid
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		4.0740oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethobenzamide
trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.		3.2310benzamides;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		5.5200aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		4.0640
trimipramine
Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.		3.8430dibenzoazepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tripelennamine
Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.		2.0110aromatic amine
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		4.2750chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tropicamide
Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.		2.0310acetamides
thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.		2.0810
tyramine
[no description available]		3.6320monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
tyrphostin a9
[no description available]		2.4420alkylbenzenegeroprotector
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		4.640aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
undecylenic acid
undecylenic acid: a fatty acid with a terminal double bond. 10-undecenoic acid : An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.. undecenoic acid : A C11, straight-chain fatty acid carrying a C=C double bond at any position.		2.0810undecenoic acidantifungal drug;
plant metabolite
urapidil
[no description available]		3.4370piperazines
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		5.02120cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesamicol
vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.1310piperidines
vesnarinone
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		4.2650gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
viloxazine
Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.		2.4520aromatic ether
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.4720aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist		2.4420
xylazine
Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.		2.13101,3-thiazine;
methylbenzene;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
emetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.		2.4420aromatic primary alcohol;
furans;
indazoles		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.2450carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		4.4160nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
zardaverine
zardaverine: structure given in first source. zardaverine : A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4.		2.0310organofluorine compound;
pyridazinone		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
peripheral nervous system drug
zinc chloride
zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.		2.0510inorganic chloride;
zinc molecular entity		astringent;
disinfectant;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
Lewis acid
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		4.5370imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zomepirac
zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0210aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrroles		cardiovascular drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		4.09401,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		3.3260monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
guanidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510one-carbon compound;
organic chloride salt		protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate
hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.4920cortisol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate
Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.		3.8530corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		3.5920mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium bromide
[no description available]		2.1310
corticosterone
[no description available]		2.984011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		10.5421011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.051016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		5.38100alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		2.4520beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.8930imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		3.5920glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
thymidine
[no description available]		210pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		2.7530nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		2.0510benzodioxolespesticide synergist
procaine hydrochloride
Gerovital H3: Contains mainly procaine & small amounts of benzoic acid, potassium metabisulfite & disodium phosphate		2.0310organic molecular entity
benzimidazole
1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.		7.7130benzimidazole;
polycyclic heteroarene
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.0510nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid
tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.		2.0510
isoproterenol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420catechols
histamine dihydrochloride
Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.		2.4520
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		3.87302-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
neostigmine methylsulfate
[no description available]		2.1310arylammonium sulfate saltEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		3.86301-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		4.6560ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate
norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.		2.05103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		4.841003-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
prednisolone acetate
prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
cyclobarbital
cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative		2.0510barbiturates
allobarbital
allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects		2.0510barbiturates
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		4.0840non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.4920organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
cysteine
[no description available]		3.2310cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		13.217211-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		4.436017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
paramethasone
Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)		2.0510fluorinated steroid
methylprednisolone acetate
Methylprednisolone Acetate: Methylprednisolone derivative that is used as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of ALLERGY and ALLERGIC RHINITIS; ASTHMA; and BURSITIS; and for the treatment of ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. methylprednisolone acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy function of 6alpha-methylprednisolone compound with acetic acid.		2.011011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
glucocorticoid;
steroid ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.		3.592017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
oxa-steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
androsterone
[no description available]		2.753017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid		androgen;
anticonvulsant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
pheromone
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		2.051017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
promazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloride
nad
[no description available]		2.0510NADgeroprotector
azauridine
Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.		2.1310N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazineantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		4.7690penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
pilocarpine hydrochloride
pilocarpine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth.		2.4720hydrochloride
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		3.8530pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide
Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.		2.7530N-arylpiperazine;
organic iodide salt;
piperazinium salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		2.0310organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		3.59202-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
racepinephrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride
(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.		2.4420
hexamethonium bromide
[no description available]		2.0310
cystamine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		2.4720chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
cantharidin
Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.		2.4420cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
monoterpenoid		EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
herbicide
tetraethylammonium chloride
tetraethylammonium chloride : A quarternary ammonium chloride salt in which the cation has four ethyl substituents around the central nitrogen.		2.4420organic chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		potassium channel blocker
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		9.271110alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		2.0310L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		5.02120C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		2.0310aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		3.8530amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.0310aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzyltrimethylammonium chloride
[no description available]		2.1310
cetrimonium bromide
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.		2.4620organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		detergent;
surfactant
vincristine
[no description available]		4.5370acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		4.460carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.0510glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		5.6810217-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate
Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.		2.4420steroid ester
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		2.4720bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		4.5470aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		5.0852pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		3.592017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
promethazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochlorideanti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		3.5920benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		3.4311adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		2.4520azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.		2.2110tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
uridine
[no description available]		2.4920uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		4.4260kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		2.0310pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		9.271110monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		2.9440phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		3.4470amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
tolazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310benzenes
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		3.9130ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		3.5620amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride
acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.		3.6320quaternary ammonium salt
mepazine
mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.		3.2310phenothiazines
methoxamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530dimethoxybenzene
papaverine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.4520penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
niridazole
Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		3.8530penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
bretylium tosylate
Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		3.1550organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
berlition
berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.		2.0310dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
lipoic acid;
thia fatty acid		cofactor;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group
methacholine chloride
Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)		2.4720quaternary ammonium salt
calcium acetate
calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.		3.2310calcium saltchelator
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		2.753017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.0510carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		2.0510lactose
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		3.5920aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
Mebutamate
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		2.131020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		4.95110alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
yohimbine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
gallamine triethiodide
Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)		2.0310
mebanazine
mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310benzenes
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		4.0640penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		2.420antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		2.0310diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.0510chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide
Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.492011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
triamcinolone diacetate
triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone		2.0810corticosteroid hormone
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		2.954017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel
Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.		2.4920oxo steroid
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		4.08404-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
benziodarone
benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)		3.5920aromatic ketone
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.		2.753017alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
progestin
quinacrine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
chlorpromazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloride;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		6.83111beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		4.5370mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4720
cytarabine
[no description available]		4.2650beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.4620nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
4-hydroxypropiophenone
[no description available]		2.1310acetophenones
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		2.984020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
sulfobromophthalein sodium
bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.		2.7530organic sodium saltdye
isopropamide iodide
isopropamide iodide: was heading 1965-94; use AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS to search ISOPROPAMIDE IODIDE 1966-94		2.1310diarylmethane
mestranol
[no description available]		2.753017beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
methaqualone
Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.		2.0510quinazolinesGABA agonist;
sedative
trypan blue
VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.		2.0510
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.05103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.9640erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lidocaine hydrochloride
lidocaine hydrochloride : The anhydrous form of the hydrochloride salt of lidocaine.		2.7530hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		7.2862arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.0510aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
perflutren
Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		3.2310fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		2.994011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
allylpropymal
allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.		2.0510barbiturates
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		2.9640benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
butobarbital
butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)		2.0510barbiturates
methsuximide
methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.2310organic molecular entity
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		3.2310primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
ethyl citrate
ethyl citrate: structure		7.0110carbonyl compound
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		2.0510chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
acrylic acid
acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.		2.1510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acidmetabolite
dichloroacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0410monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		2.492012-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		2.9440amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		5.091306-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		2.9640organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
9,10-phenanthrenequinone
9,10-phenanthrenequinone: structure		2.1310phenanthrenes
brompheniramine
Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.2310organobromine compound;
pyridines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		4.2650penicillin allergen;
penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		3.8630glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		2.1510pyrrolidin-2-ones
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		3.8630phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diethylpropion
Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
tertiary amine		appetite depressant
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		2.1310phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
mecoprop
mecoprop: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.. mecoprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop.		2.1310aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes
synephrine
[no description available]		2.4520ethanolamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
plant metabolite
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		2.0510carbonyl compound
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		2.1310chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
arsanilic acid
Arsanilic Acid: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.		2.1310organoarsonic acid
3-aminobenzoic acid
3-aminobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3.		2.1310aminobenzoic acid
pyridostigmine bromide
Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.		2.4720pyridinium salt
benzonatate
benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.		3.2310benzoate ester;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anaesthetic;
antitussive
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		14.623925pyrrole;
secondary amine
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.0510furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		5.2543mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
thiodipropionic acid
thiodipropionic acid: structure		2.1310dicarboxylic acid
tetraethylenepentamine
[no description available]		2.0110polyazaalkanecopper chelator
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		2.4520peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
estradiol dipropionate
estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83		2.0210steroid ester
methylergonovine
Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.2310ergoline alkaloid
imipramine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochlorideantidepressant
neostigmine bromide
neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.		3.1550bromide salt
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		3.3160biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
mephobarbital
Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		2.0510barbituratesanticonvulsant
edrophonium chloride
edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		2.4720chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
maltol
maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure		2.13104-pyranonesmetabolite
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.0510aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		2.0510trinitrotolueneexplosive
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		2.9740aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
sulfoxide
sulfoxide: synergistic insecticide for use with pyrethrum, allethrin, rotenone, ryania, etc.; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfoxide : An organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H).		2.610benzodioxoles
suramin sodium
suramin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the hexasodium salt of suramin. It is an FDA approved drug for African sleeping sickness and river blindness.		2.4420organic sodium saltangiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.7430anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		2.0510hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
cinchophen
cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94		3.8930quinolines
methapyrilene hydrochloride
methapyrilene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of methapyrilene.		2.7530hydrochlorideanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
phenazopyridine hydrochloride
phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.1310hydrochloridecarcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
tetrracaine hydrochloride
leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride		2.4720benzoate ester
chelidamic acid
[no description available]		2.0310
protocatechualdehyde
protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure		2.1310dihydroxybenzaldehyde
sterogenol
hexadecylpyridinium bromide: structure in first source. cetylpyridinium bromide : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion.		2.0510bromide salt;
pyridinium salt		antiseptic drug;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
surfactant
ethyl acetate
ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.		2.0710acetate ester;
ethyl ester;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor;
metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone
20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA.		2.131020-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-onehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		2.0510methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
2-chloroadenosine
5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source		2.7530purine nucleoside
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.		2.9740hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
nafcillin
Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.		4.2350penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		3.8430acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol
Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)		2.492017-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
cycloguanil
cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source. cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil.		2.0510triazinesantifolate;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
dydrogesterone
[no description available]		2.051020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		progestin
fluocortolone
Fluocortolone: A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders.		2.031021-hydroxy steroid
tripelennamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
cysteamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
fluoranthene
fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring.		2.0210ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
1,3-benzodioxole
1,3-benzodioxole : A benzodioxole consisting of a benzene ring substituted by a the methylenedioxy group.		3.5110benzodioxole
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		2.0510isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		5.72411,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		6.1232diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
propantheline bromide
[no description available]		2.9640xanthenes
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		3.5920phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.4920corticosteroid hormone
pirinitramide
Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.		2.4520nitrile
edrophonium bromide
[no description available]		2.0410
hydralazine hydrochloride
hydralazine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of hydralazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.0310hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
ethamivan
ethamivan: minor descriptor (65-72); major descriptor (73-86); on-line search BENZAMIDES (66-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BENZAMIDES (65-72); ETHAMIVAN (73-86). etamivan : Phenol substituted at C-2 and C-4 by a methoxy group and an N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl group respectively. A respiratory stimulant drug related to nikethamide, it has now fallen largely into disuse.		2.4720methoxybenzenes;
phenols
pargyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
estradiol 17 beta-cypionate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		2.0510organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
testosterone enanthate
[no description available]		2.4420heptanoate ester;
sterol ester		androgen
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		4.0840mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		4.0740N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol
phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity		2.0510aminopyridine
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		2.0510benzenes;
sulfonamide
orphenadrine hydrochloride
orphenadrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of ophenadrine and hydrogen chloride.		2.7530hydrochlorideantiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
fluocinonide
Fluocinonide: A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA.		2.1310organic molecular entity
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		4.2650benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate
Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5920steroid ester
bucladesine
[no description available]		2.05103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
butanamides;
butyrate ester		agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
vasodilator agent
procarbazine hydrochloride
procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.0810hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		3.7410011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide
Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide: Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor.		2.4420
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		2.0510haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
fluorometholone
Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		2.743020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
xanthinol niacinate
Xanthinol Niacinate: A vasodilator used in peripheral vascular disorders and insufficiency. It may cause gastric discomfort and hypotension.		2.1310
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		4.24501-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
ketobemidone
ketobemidone: structure		2.0410piperidines
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		2.9510calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		2.4920cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		4.0640bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.7630isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dihydralazine
Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)		2.0510phthalazines
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		2.0310benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		2.0310dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.		2.0510amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		plant metabolite
benzohydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
sodium carbonate
sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure		7.0510carbonate salt;
organic sodium salt
4-hydroxybutyric acid
4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.23104-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		general anaesthetic;
GHB receptor agonist;
neurotoxin;
sedative
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		2.4220hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		3.8730ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		3.1550furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.05103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		4.275017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride
tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of tetryzoline. It is used as a nasal decongestant.		2.7530hydrochloridenasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
dequalinium chloride
dequalinium chloride : An organic chloride salt that is the dichloride salt of dequalinium.		2.4420organic chloride saltantifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiseptic drug;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
dimenhydrinate
gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		8.8930diarylmethane
1,2-naphthoquinone
naphthalene-1,2-dione: structure given in first source. 1,2-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,2-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 2 of the naphthalene ring. It is a metabolite of naphthalene and is found in diesel exhaust particles.		2.13101,2-naphthoquinonesaryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
azomycin
azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure		6.1131C-nitro compound;
imidazoles		antitubercular agent
syringic acid
syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.		2.0310benzoic acids;
dimethoxybenzene;
phenols		plant metabolite
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		2.9540thiazoles
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		3.8630amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
levocarnitine
(R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.		3.5620carnitineantilipemic drug;
nootropic agent;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
decamethonium dibromide
[no description available]		2.4420
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.9740dialdehydebiomarker
magnesium carbonate
magnesium carbonate: RN given refers to parent cpd (1:1). magnesium carbonate : A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.		2.0510carbonate salt;
magnesium salt;
one-carbon compound;
organic magnesium salt		antacid;
fertilizer
sulfanilylurea
sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure		3.2310benzenes;
sulfonamide
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.0510organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
amitriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530organic tricyclic compound
naphazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530organic molecular entity
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		2.4720isothiocyanateinsecticide
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		2.0510
neutral red
Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.		2.0210hydrochlorideacid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
4,4'-bipyridyl
4,4'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'.		2.1310bipyridine
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		2.0410carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
doxylamine succinate
[no description available]		2.7530organic molecular entity
carbamylhydrazine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310organic molecular entity
monoacetyldapsone
monoacetyldapsone: used in leprosy chemotherapy. monoacetyldapsone : A secondary carboxamide resulting from acetylation of one of the amino groups of dapsone.		2.1310acetamides;
anilide;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone
formestane
[no description available]		2.753017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enol;
hydroxy steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
chlorotrianisene
Chlorotrianisene: A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.		2.1310chloroalkeneantineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor modulator;
xenoestrogen
lactulose
[no description available]		4.0840glycosylfructosegastrointestinal drug;
laxative
aminacrine
[no description available]		2.1310
isoxsuprine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310alkylbenzene
debrisoquin sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310organic sulfate salt
diphenylamine
Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.		3.4811aromatic amine;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
secondary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical;
antioxidant;
carotogenesis inhibitor;
EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
betaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
bethanechol chloride
bethanechol chloride : The chloride salt of bethanechol. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		2.4720carbamate ester;
chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscarinic agonist
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		3.165020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
alpha-naphthoflavone
alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).		2.110extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pamabrom
[no description available]		3.2310
2-hydroxyacetanilide
2-acetamidophenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 2-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. A positional isomer of paracetamol which possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and anti-platelet aggregation properties.		2.1310acetamides;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
xenobiotic metabolite
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		7.6292acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
clopamide
Clopamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide piperidine. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		2.1310sulfonamide
glycochenodeoxycholic acid
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
benzydamine
Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.. benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.		2.4820aromatic ether;
indazoles;
tertiary amino compound		analgesic;
central nervous system stimulant;
hallucinogen;
local anaesthetic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
erythromycin stearate
[no description available]		2.0510aminoglycoside
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		6.6151cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
tetracosane
tetracosane: a pure alkane compound. tetracosane : A straight-chain alkane containing 24 carbon atoms.		3.2710long-chain alkaneplant metabolite;
volatile oil component
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		2.041017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosmet
Phosmet: An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange.		2.1310organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phthalimides		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
hydroxychloroquine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0810
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		6.699217beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
Mecamylamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420monoterpenoid
lormetazepam
lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.		2.96401,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		sedative
vinblastine
[no description available]		3.4370
malononitrile dimer
Malononitrile dimer: has antithyroid activity; inhibits conversion of monoiodotyrosine to diiodotyrosine		2.1310
diphenyl disulfide
[no description available]		2.1310benzenes
diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.		3.2310ethyl ester;
nitrile;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amine		antidiarrhoeal drug
1-methylpyridinium
1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710methylpyridines
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous)
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate.		2.7530hydrochloride
estradiol valerate
[no description available]		2.9640steroid ester
ethambutol hydrochloride
ethambutol dihydrochloride : The dihydrchloride salt of ethambutol. A bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, it is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol dihydrochloride is used alone.		2.0810hydrochlorideantitubercular agent
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		4.6480ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tetramethylpyrazine
tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).		2.1310alkaloid;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
2,2'-dipyridylamine
dipyridin-2-ylamine: structure in first source		2.1310
antimycin a
[no description available]		2.4720benzamides;
formamides;
macrodiolide;
phenols		antifungal agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
piscicide
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		4.2650glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		2.4620enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		6.7263alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
pregnenolone carbonitrile
Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.		2.5120aliphatic nitrile
flurandrenolone
Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)		2.131021-hydroxy steroid
ibufenac
ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.		3.2310monocarboxylic acidEC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metylperon
metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4620aromatic ketone
diethylcarbamazine citrate
[no description available]		2.1310piperazinecarboxamide
metaxalone
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		3.5820cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
azacyclonol
azacyclonol: major descriptor (65-84); on-line search PIPERIDINES (65-84); Index Medicus search AZACYCLONOL (65-84); RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1310diarylmethane
stearylamine
stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		2.1310primary aliphatic aminefilm-forming compound
5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol
5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol.		2.4720androstane-3alpha,17beta-diolDaphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
guaiacoxyacetic acid
guaiacoxyacetic acid: structure given in first source		2.1310
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		4.3960benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
methylene diphosphonate
medronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) consisting of methane substituted by two phosphonic acid groups.		2.13101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)bone density conservation agent;
chelator
amiloride hydrochloride, anhydrous
amiloride hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining amiloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.1310hydrochloridediuretic;
sodium channel blocker
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		4.460aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		4.85100benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
benperidol
Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)		2.0410aromatic ketone
7-hydroxychlorpromazine
7-hydroxychlorpromazine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810phenothiazines
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.		2.0310azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
flumethasone
Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
guanoxan
guanoxan: was MH 1976-92 (see under GUANIDINES 1976-90); use GUANIDINES to search GUANOXAN 1976-92; antihypertensive agent similar in its mechanism of action to guanethidine; may cause liver damage		2.4620benzodioxine
azaribine
azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.		2.1310acetate ester;
N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine		antipsoriatic;
prodrug
hydrocortisone hemisuccinate
hydrocortisone succinate : A derivative of succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups is esterified by the C-21 hydroxy group of cortisol (hydrocortisone).		2.1310dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
phenethyl isothiocyanate
phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.		2.4620isothiocyanateantineoplastic agent;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
metabolite
muscarine
[no description available]		2.0310
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.		2.0210corticosteroid hormone;
hemisuccinate
dexbrompheniramine
dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.2310brompheniramineanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.		2.4620pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimalarial
antazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
acadesine
[no description available]		2.05101-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
acetophenazine
acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.		2.0510N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
mebeverine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
chlordesmethyldiazepam
[no description available]		2.0410benzodiazepine
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		4.7690dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		3.1450organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		4.5370dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate
trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate: acrylate derivative found in ultraviolet curing inks; structure in 1st source		2.2110carbonyl compound
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		2.92401,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
cyclacillin
Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID.		2.0210penicillinantibacterial drug
clidinium bromide
clidinium bromide : The bromide salt of clinidium. It is used for the symptomatic treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.		2.1310
iproclozide
iproclozide: structure		2.0510aromatic ether
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
meclofenoxate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.02102-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
diloxanide furoate
diloxanide furoate: structure. diloxanide furoate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of furan-2-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2,2-dichloro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide. It is a drug used for the treatment of asymptomatic amebiasis.		2.1310carboxylic ester;
furans;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antiamoebic agent;
prodrug
streptomycin
[no description available]		4.0840antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		2.0510carbon oxoanion
nitroxoline
nitroxoline: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6475; RN given refers to parent cpd. nitroxoline : A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5.		2.1310C-nitro compound;
monohydroxyquinoline		antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
renal agent
clonidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4820dichlorobenzene
cladribine
[no description available]		4.5570organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone
[no description available]		3.155011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug
pyrodifenium bromide
pyrodifenium bromide: was heading 1976-94 (see under PYRROLIDINES 1976-90); PRIFINIUM BROMIDE was see PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94: use PYRROLIDINES to search PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94; quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent more specific for the gastrointestinal tract than atropine		2.0510organic molecular entity
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		3.8530penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine
dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.		2.0510aromatic ether;
isoquinolines;
pyridoisoquinoline		antileishmanial agent;
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug
estradiol enanthate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
benorilate
benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin		2.0510carbonyl compound
trimetazidine
Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.		2.0510aromatic amine
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.		2.4420diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide		EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
metocurine
metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr		2.4720isoquinolines
floxacillin
Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.		3.360penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
clomacran
clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310acridines
mexiletine hydrochloride
mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride.		2.4420hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
beclomethasone dipropionate
beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
enone;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.0510beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
alverine citrate
[no description available]		2.1310citrate salt;
organoammonium salt		antispasmodic drug;
cholinergic antagonist
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		antipsoriatic
iodinated glycerol
iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant		3.4811dioxolane
methenamine hippurate
methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action		3.2310N-acylglycine
cyclogyl
cyclopentolate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclopentolate. It is used to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action.		2.1310
levomethadone
levomethadone : A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (R)-configuration. It is the active enantiomer of methadone and its hydrochloride salt is used to treat adults who are addicted to drugs such as heroin and morphine.		2.03106-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-oneantitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		4.460azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
cyclophosphamide
cyclophosphamide hydrate : The monohydrate of cyclophosphamide.		2.0310hydratealkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
suxamethonium chloride
succinylcholine chloride (anhydrous) : A chloride salt in which the negative charge of the chloride ions is balanced by succinylcholine dications.		2.0310chloride saltmuscle relaxant
cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride
cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclobenzaprine. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
muscle relaxant
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		2.0310amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
3-deazaadenosine
3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.4420
tiadenol
tiadenol: structure		2.0510aliphatic sulfide
terodiline
[no description available]		2.7430diarylmethane
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
phenylethylmalonamide
Phenylethylmalonamide: A metabolite of primidone.		2.0310amine
metoclopramide hydrochloride
metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.		2.7530
isoetharine mesylate
[no description available]		2.7530
etidronate disodium
etidronate disodium : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of two protons from etidronic acid (one from from each of the phosphonic acid groups) by sodium ions.		2.0810organic sodium saltantineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		7.0510elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
cerium
Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.		2.0310f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
zirconium
Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.		2.1710titanium group element atom
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		3.5480pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
6-nitroindazole
[no description available]		2.1310
metocurine iodide
[no description available]		2.4520aromatic ether
propionylpromazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.1550delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
ferric chloride
ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents		2.0510iron coordination entityastringent;
Lewis acid
ferrous sulfate
ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.		3.4311iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		reducing agent
tricalcium phosphate
tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.		7.4110calcium phosphate
copper sulfate
Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.		2.0310metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		3.2310inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		2.1310diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
nsc-145,668
[no description available]		2.0310hydrochlorideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
amopyroquine
amopyroquine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510
barium chloride
barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.		2.0110barium salt;
inorganic chloride		potassium channel blocker
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		7.1131
stanozolol
Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent;
androgen
rhamnose
[no description available]		210L-rhamnose
clodronic acid
Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.		2.45201,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent
mafenide acetate
[no description available]		2.0810carboxylic acid
reproterol
reproterol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.4620oxopurine
apazone
Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.		2.0410benzotriazinesnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
uricosuric drug
hydrocortisone-17-butyrate
cortisol 17-butyrate : Cortisol esterified with butyric acid at the 17-hydroxy group.		2.1310butyrate ester;
cortisol ester;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		dermatologic drug;
drug allergen
diacerein
diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;		2.0810anthraquinone
metopimazine
metopimazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310phenothiazines
xipamide
Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.		2.4620benzamides
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		4.5270selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
selegiline hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4720hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		2.73306-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
benserazide hydrochloride
benserazide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of benserazide. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide hydrochloride has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		2.7530hydrochlorideantiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
clemastine
Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		3.5420monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol
[no description available]		2.4720monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfone		antimicrobial agent;
immunosuppressive agent
pancuronium bromide
pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication.		2.7430bromide saltcholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
pizotyline
Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.		2.0510benzocycloheptathiophenehistamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		4.5370beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.		2.830organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate
isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug		3.1450glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
pentamethylmelamine
pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1310
eedq
EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent		2.1310
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		2.7430acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
ornidazole
Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.		4.1331C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound;
secondary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antitrichomonal drug;
epitope
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		4.668017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
tetridamin
tetridamin: do not confuse with tetrodamine; structure		2.1310
tomatine
alpha-tomatine: in tomato fruits and vegetative plant tissues; structure in first source		3.2710alkaloid antibiotic;
glycoalkaloid;
glycoside;
steroid alkaloid;
tetrasaccharide derivative		antifungal agent;
immunological adjuvant;
phytotoxin
metergoline
Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.		2.9740carbamate ester;
ergoline alkaloid		dopamine agonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
fenclozic acid
fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.2310
lisuride
Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).		2.0310monocarboxylic acid amideantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
serotonergic agonist
fentiazac
[no description available]		2.0710thiazoles
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane
[no description available]		3.2310
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		3.8530aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
capobenic acid
[no description available]		2.1310benzamides
cephapirin
Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.4320cephalosporinantibacterial drug
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		3.6120nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
disopyramide phosphate
[no description available]		2.4420organoammonium phosphate
alclofenac
alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.		3.2310aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbimazole
Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.05101,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
carbamate ester		antithyroid drug;
prodrug
2-bromoergocryptine mesylate
[no description available]		2.0510methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		9.7590indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
ergocristine
ergocristine: an ergot alkaloid; one of the three components of ergotoxine; has alpha blocking action, stimulates smooth muscles & antagonizes serotonin; used as oxytocic & in peripheral disorders; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search EROLINES (77-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocristine : Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.		2.4420ergot alkaloid
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		4.5270benzenes;
phenyl acetates
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		3.155011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin
[no description available]		3.5920indoles
thymolphthalein
Thymolphthalein: Used as a pH indicator and as a reagent for blood after decolorizing the alkaline solution by boiling with zinc dust.		2.1310terpene lactone
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		2.0510chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		3.8530bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		2.04103-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
metipranolol
Metipranolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.. metipranolol : 3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.		2.0210acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
benzonidazole
benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.		2.4720C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antiprotozoal drug
halazepam
halazepam: structure		2.4420organic molecular entity
butachlor
butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.		2.0510aromatic amide;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
du-21220
Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.		2.9440benzyl alcohols;
polyphenol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
rose bengal b disodium salt
[no description available]		2.0510
clobetasol propionate
Clobetasol Propionate: This is the form in trademark preparations.. clobetasol propionate : The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid		anti-inflammatory drug
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.4420glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine
dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		3.5920chlorphenamine
glucaric acid
Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.		9.3422glucaric acidantineoplastic agent
ribostamycin
Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).		2.0410amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
metabolite
clometacin
clometacin: structure		3.2310N-acylindole
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		4.6580beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
frentizole
frentizole: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1310
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		23.38481245penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		5.16140timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin
Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.9540tryptamines
carfecillin
Carfecillin: The phenyl ester of CARBENICILLIN that, upon oral administration, is broken down in the intestinal mucosa to the active antibacterial. It is used for urinary tract infections.		2.0510penicillin
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		2.17102-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
almitrine
Almitrine: A respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It may also prove useful in the treatment of nocturnal oxygen desaturation without impairing the quality of sleep.. almitrine : A triamino-1,3,5-triazine compound having allylamino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and a 4-(bis(p-fluorophenyl)methyl)-1-piperazinyl group at the 6-position.		2.0610piperazines;
triamino-1,3,5-triazine		central nervous system stimulant
eterobarb
[no description available]		2.1310barbiturates
nicergoline
Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		2.0510organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.1140cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
carbidopa
carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		3.6120catechols;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
toloxatone
toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.		2.4520oxazolidinone;
primary alcohol;
toluenes
moricizine hydrochloride
moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.		2.1310hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
moricizine
Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.		4.0540carbamate ester;
morpholines;
phenothiazines		anti-arrhythmia drug
amineptin
amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.		3.8630amino acid;
carbocyclic fatty acid;
carbotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor
bitolterol
bitolterol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bitolterol : The di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.		2.0210carboxylic ester;
diester;
ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
prodrug
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		5.09130azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feprazone
Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)		2.0810organic molecular entity
pirprofen
pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure		3.5920pyrroline
medifoxamine
medifoxamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		210aromatic ether
sisomicin
Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).		2.4520amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic;
beta-L-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative
amdinocillin
Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.		2.0410penicillinantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		3.360amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
proroxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		5.03120taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etomidate
ethnor: an adsorbable haemostatic bone sealant		2.1310imidazoles
buspirone hydrochloride
buspirone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of buspirone and hydrogen chloride.		2.9940hydrochlorideanxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
etoposide
[no description available]		5.68140beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
propafenone hydrochloride
propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		2.7530hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		4.0540catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin
Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.		2.7430penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
trimazosin
trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410N-arylpiperazine
etazolate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
halofantrine
halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria		2.0510phenanthrenes
butaclamol
[no description available]		2.0310amino alcohol;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist
penbutolol
Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.		3.8230ethanolamines
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		4.851001-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam
adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.		2.7430triazolobenzodiazepineanticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
sedative
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		4.9360alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
tolamolol
[no description available]		2.0410
carbidopa
[no description available]		2.4420catechols;
hydrate;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		4.2550beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
hydroxymaprotilin
hydroxymaprotilin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510
ticrynafen
Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.		3.5920aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antihypertensive agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
loop diuretic
guanadrel
guanadrel: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanadrel : A spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of the keto group of cyclohexanone with the hydroxy groups of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)guanidine. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching).		2.0210guanidines;
spiroketal		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		4.85100L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
tocainide
Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		3.2860monocarboxylic acid amideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic;
sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin
Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.		2.4520penicillin
bezafibrate
[no description available]		2.4920aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		3.75100
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		5.291605-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
levobunolol
Levobunolol: The L-Isomer of bunolol.. levobunolol : A cyclic ketone that is 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-one substituted at position 5 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group (the S-enantiomer). A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of glaucoma.		2.0210aromatic ether;
cyclic ketone;
propanolamine		antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.4620pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
lonidamine
lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.		2.0310dichlorobenzene;
indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		antineoplastic agent;
antispermatogenic agent;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
vecuronium bromide
Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		4.3341organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium
vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		3.2310acetate ester;
androstane;
quaternary ammonium ion		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		3.1750alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
dexibuprofen
dexibuprofen: structure in first source		2.4420ibuprofennon-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
benoxaprofen
benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.		3.59201,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antipsoriatic;
antipyretic;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
nephrotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
picobenzide
[no description available]		2.1310
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		2.4420cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
pinazepam
pinazepam: structure		2.0510benzodiazepine
exifone
[no description available]		3.2310benzophenones
quisqualic acid
Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.		2.0310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
pirfenidone
pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.		2.4520pyridoneantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefloquine
(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		4.4430[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
oxfendazole
[no description available]		2.0710benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
sulfoxide		antinematodal drug
desogestrel
Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flecainide acetate
flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		2.7530acetate saltanti-arrhythmia drug
meptazinol
Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.		2.7230azepanes
nicardipine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530dihydropyridinegeroprotector
triadimenol
triadimenol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group. A fungicide for cereals, beet and brassicas used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, rusts, bunts and smuts.		2.1310aromatic ether;
conazole fungicide;
hemiaminal ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary alcohol;
triazole fungicide		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic metabolite
muzolimine
Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.		2.0510dichlorobenzene
butibufen
butibufen: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510monoterpenoid
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		6.1831benzamides;
carboxylic ester
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		4.4160anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
acarbose
[no description available]		3.6120tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.6480aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
medroxalol
medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410salicylamides
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		4.0840aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
cefmetazole
Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.		2.7530cephalosporinantibacterial drug
desflurane
Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.		2.4420organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
prenalterol
Prenalterol: A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute CARDIAC FAILURE, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, SHOCK, and reducing ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in the SHY-RAGER SYNDROME.		210aromatic ether
lorcainide
[no description available]		3.2960acetamides
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		4.5370anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
ceforanide
ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
cefonicid
Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		2.0210cephalosporinantibacterial drug
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.2550penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		6.97122aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		5.29160alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		4.2550cephalosporinantibacterial drug
staurosporine
[no description available]		2.7630indolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous
[no description available]		2.7530
foscarnet sodium
trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.4720one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antiviral drug
lodoxamide
[no description available]		2.0210organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		3.8430diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
atracurium besylate
atracurium besylate : The bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium.		2.0810organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
butoconazole
butoconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. butoconazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)sulfanyl]butyl group. An antifungal agent, it is used as its nitrate salt in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.		2.0210aryl sulfide;
conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		2.7430cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		2.830nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
endralazine
BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4420benzamides
naftifine
naftifine: allylamine der; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. naftifine : A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0210allylamine antifungal drug;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		3.5620diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
pergolide mesylate
pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		2.9840methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
geroprotector
ranitidine hydrochloride
label : A role played by a part of a molecular entity distinguishable by the observer but not by the system and used to identify a tracer.		2.0310
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		2.0310acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.86100cephalosporinantibacterial drug
encainide
Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.		3.4270benzamides;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
talniflumate
talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma		2.0810benzofurans
fenoldopam mesylate
[no description available]		2.0810benzazepine
cerm-1978
bepridil hydrochloride : The hydrochloride of bepridil.		2.1310hydrochloride
nedocromil
Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.		2.4420dicarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fialuridine
[no description available]		3.2310
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.460cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
pefloxacin
Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		9.8171fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
octenidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.2710
flurofamide
flurofamide: structure given in first source		1.9810carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
pirazolac
[no description available]		2.0310
alfentanil
Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.		4.5470monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
miglustat
miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
alo 2145
apraclonidine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of apraclonidine.		2.0310hydrochloridealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug
haloperidol decanoate
[no description available]		3.2310organic molecular entity
dazoxiben hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		4.4160
recainam
recainam: structure given in first source		3.1550
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		5.17140delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
flupirtine
flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.1550aminopyridine
tolrestat
tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source		3.5920naphthalenesEC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		3.4270aromatic ketone
stepronin
[no description available]		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
piritrexim
piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.4620
levocabastine
levocabastine: for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis		2.0210piperidines
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		10.94130delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		2.9740benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride
Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.1550dimethoxybenzene
balsalazide
balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.		3.2310
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		5.11303-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		3.8530N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
bambuterol
bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.		2.4520carbamate ester;
phenylethanolamines		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.		2.7830hydrochlorideadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
atomoxetine
atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.		4.86100aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.2650dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
alpidem
[no description available]		3.2310imidazoles
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		2.4420hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
eproxindine
eproxindine: structure given in first source		2.0310
gepirone
gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0510N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		4.67803-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
piroximone
piroximone: structure in first source		2.0510
5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil
5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil: potent inhibitor of VZV		2.0510
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		2.1710aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
quinpirole hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
trospectomycin
trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer		2.0410dioxanes
imazodan
imazodan: RN & structure given in first source;		2.0310
(S)-nomifensine
(S)-nomifensine : The S enantiomer of nomifensine.		2.0310nomifensine
fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source		3.5620imidazolidine-2,4-dione
salmeterol xinafoate
Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.		2.7530naphthoic acid
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		4.140aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		4.66803-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		2.0810imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
sematilide
sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		2.7430
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		4.0640aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
(2S)-2-[[oxo-(4-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl)methyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid
[no description available]		2.0310phenylalanine derivative
clinafloxacin
clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl		2.7430quinolines
sertindole
sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.		2.0810heteroarylpiperidine;
imidazolidinone;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylindole		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
adapalene
Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.		2.4520adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid		dermatologic drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		4.66806-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide
loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source		2.4520organic molecular entity
aromasil
[no description available]		3.612017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		3.4370fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
zileuton
[no description available]		4.26501-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		11.5198methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		4.6680phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		4.4160beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		3.360tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		4.460pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
eliprodil
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanol : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine substituted by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl group at position 1 and by a 4-fluorobenzyl group at position 4.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
piperidines;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tenidap
tenidap: structure given in first source; RN refers to (Z)-isomer		2.4620
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		4.5370aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride;
organofluorine compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		4.0640organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ibutilide
ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt		4.0640benzenes;
organic amino compound
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		3.8730aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		4.0640alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
atorvastatin calcium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0810organic calcium salt
atorvastatin
[no description available]		11.5881aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lamivudine
[no description available]		4.94110monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		2.0810duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
duloxetine
[no description available]		3.8730duloxetine
irinotecan
[no description available]		4.5470carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
aptiganel hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		4.7690biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.8630
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		4.54701,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.7430guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		4.4160oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.47206-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		4.0940monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
mifobate
mifobate: has antiatherosclerotic properties		2.0510trialkyl phosphate
tasosartan
tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310biphenyls
tiludronic acid
tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source		3.2310organochlorine compound
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		3.8530L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		3.5920carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		4.0640adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
phenelzine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		2.0110trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
tobramycin sulfate
[no description available]		2.1310
benzylaminopurine
benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.		2.13106-aminopurinescytokinin;
plant metabolite
fluoxetine hydrochloride
fluoxetine hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.		2.7530hydrochloride;
N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine
pipothiazine
pipothiazine: was heading 1975-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PIPOTHIAZINE 1975-94; a member of the family of phenothiazine tranquilizers		2.0310
paroxetine hydrochloride
paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.		2.4820hydrochlorideantidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
desferrioxamine b mesylate
desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.		2.0110methanesulfonate saltantidote;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator
propranolol hydrochloride
Inderex: combination of above cpds; used in treatment of hypertension		2.4420hydrochloride
bupropion hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7430aromatic ketone
cisatracurium
cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R*,2'R*)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.		2.0410diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
halofuginone
[no description available]		2.0510quinazolines
diltiazem hydrochloride
Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.4720hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		2.9840hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fosinoprilat
fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.		2.0410L-proline derivative;
phosphinic acids		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ortho-cept
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne		2.0510
trovafloxacin
trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.		4.4160
verapamil hydrochloride
verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.		2.9840
cefprozil
[no description available]		4.0640cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
doxazosin mesylate
Cardura: Trade name in United States.		2.9840methanesulfonate saltgeroprotector
terfenadine
[no description available]		2.4420diarylmethane
sertraline hydrochloride
sertraline hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of sertraline and hydrogen chloride. A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		2.0510hydrochlorideantidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
methylprednisolone aceponate
methylprednisolone aceponate: RN given for (6alpha,11beta)-isomer		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
dexamethasone 17-valerate
dexamethasone 17-valerate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
dexamethasone dipropionate
[no description available]		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		5.2180acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		5.0970aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
amantadine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochlorideantiviral agent;
dopamine agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
doxapram hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510hydrochloridecentral nervous system stimulant
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.4920D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
mevastatin
mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.		2.46202-pyranones;
carboxylic ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
bupivacaine hydrochloride
bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0810hydrochloride;
racemate		adrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.4420
fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
chlorobenzophenone;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
ursolic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		geroprotector;
plant metabolite
propamidine
propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.		2.0510aromatic ether;
guanidines;
polyether		antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug
n-methylnicotinamide
N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		2.4620pyridinecarboxamidemetabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol
1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.		2.0510anhydro sugarhuman metabolite
norharman
norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.		2.1310beta-carbolines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent		fungal metabolite;
marine metabolite
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
baicalin
[no description available]		2.4620dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
plerixafor
plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.		3.6120azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
amprenavir
[no description available]		4.9660carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		4.3730acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
allicin
[no description available]		3.3911botanical anti-fungal agent;
sulfoxide		antibacterial agent
6-sulfatoxymelatonin
6-sulfatoxymelatonin: metabolite of melatonin; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.4111acetamides
salvin
salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae)		2.4620abietane diterpenoid;
carbotricyclic compound;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
food preservative;
HIV protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
dobutamine hydrochloride
dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		2.4420hydrochloridebeta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
desipramine hydrochloride
desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.		2.7530hydrochloridedrug allergen
ticlopidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.5120hydrochloride
dopamine hydrochloride
P 498: structure in first source; do not confuse with dopamine chloride, also known as P 498		2.7530catecholamine
proadifen hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
epirubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.4520glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1		2.4420purine nucleoside
sinefungin
[no description available]		2.0510adenosines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
iopamidol
Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.		2.4320benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound;
pentol		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.1310conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt
histamine phosphate
histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.		3.2310phosphate salthistamine agonist
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		2.1510cephalosporinfungal metabolite
acetylcholine bromide
acetylcholine bromide : The bromide salt of acetylcholine.		2.1310bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt
imipramine n-oxide
imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410dibenzooxazepine
tilbroquinol
[no description available]		3.2310organohalogen compound;
quinolines
bendamustine
[no description available]		3.5920benzimidazoles
erdosteine
[no description available]		2.0510N-acyl-amino acid
aloxistatin
aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.		2.1310epoxide;
ethyl ester;
L-leucine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticoronaviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor
droxicam
droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.		3.5920organic heterotricyclic compound;
pyridines		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prodrug
metrifudil
[no description available]		2.0310
rutecarpine
rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules		2.4420beta-carbolines
tryptamide
tryptamide: structure given in first source		2.1310
etofibrate
etofibrate: analog of clofibrate with nicotinic acid substituted on the 2-carbon of the ethyl ester group; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510monocarboxylic acid
ecabet
ecabet: structure in first source		8.89139diterpenoid
sertaconazole
sertaconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sertaconazole. A broad spectrum antifungal with added antipruritic and anti-inflammatory activity used (as its nitrate salt) for treatment of various skin infections.. 1-{2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that carries a 2-[(7-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 1.		2.07101-benzothiophenes;
dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
ebrotidine
ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector		8.5420sulfonamide
fropenem
[no description available]		3.3911faropenem
mizolastine
[no description available]		2.0510benzimidazoles
dexloxiglumide
dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.7430glutamic acid derivative
intoplicine
intoplicine: structure in first source		2.4520pyridoindole
pazufloxacin
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
repaglinide
[no description available]		4.6780piperidines
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		5.55120benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530aralkylamine
oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310pyrimidines
thioridazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloridefirst generation antipsychotic;
geroprotector
diphenylpyraline hydrochloride
diphenylpyraline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenylpyraline. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders.		2.1310hydrochloridecholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist
procainamide hydrochloride
procainamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride which has procainamide as the amino component.		2.4720hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
siquil
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent
mepivacaine hydrochloride
mepivacaine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mepivacaine. It is used as a local anaesthetic.		2.1310hydrochloride;
piperidinecarboxamide		local anaesthetic
sotalol hydrochloride
sotalol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is the monohydrochloride of sotalol. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		2.0310hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
oxymetazoline hydrochloride
oxymetazoline hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar quantities of oxymetazoline and hydrogen chloride. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used to relieve nasal congestion.		2.7530hydrochloridealpha-adrenergic agonist;
nasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.		3.1450fenfluramineappetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
diphenidol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310diarylmethane
alprenolol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloride
edoxudin
[no description available]		2.1310pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		2.974017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-ketoestradiol
[no description available]		2.1310
17 beta-estradiol hemisuccinate
[no description available]		2.1310
amizyl
[no description available]		2.1310
salicylhydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.1310hydroxamic acid;
phenols		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug
synthalin a
synthalin A: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. synthalin : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of decamethylenediguanidine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride.. synthalin A : A member of the class of guanidines that is decane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 10-positions.		2.0510guanidineshepatotoxic agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
nephrotoxin
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer		2.0410
fluphenazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420phenothiazinesanticoronaviral agent
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		2.1310phenanthroline
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		6.69621,2,3-triazole
tryptamine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
[no description available]		2.1310
dyclonine hydrochloride
dyclonine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dyclonine.		2.1310hydrochloridetopical anaesthetic
clomipramine hydrochloride
clomipramine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of clomipramine and hydrogen chloride. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		2.7530hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug
amiloride hydrochloride
amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride.		2.4420hydratediuretic;
sodium channel blocker
prazosin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloride
mianserin hydrochloride
mianserin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mianserin, a tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects.		2.7530hydrochloridegeroprotector
miconazole nitrate
miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.5120
ibopamine
ibopamine: structure given in UD 31;67a & in 2nd source		2.0510benzoate ester;
phenols
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
steroid sulfate		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen
econazole nitrate
econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.		2.1310
medetomidine
Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.		2.0510imidazoles
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		4.0840dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
lomefloxacin hydrochloride
lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media.		2.4420hydrochlorideantimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
fenspiride hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
nilverm
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
sanguinarine chloride
[no description available]		2.7330
picosulfate sodium
picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure		2.0510aryl sulfate;
pyridines
cefcanel
cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure		2.4520
arbekacin
arbekacin: structure given in first source. arbekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B bearing an N-(2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group on the aminocyclitol ring.		2.0610aminoglycoside;
kanamycins		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
lonazolac
lonazolac: RN given refers to parent cpd. lonazolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylpyrazol-4-yl group.		1.9710monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rilmenidine
Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.		210isourea
ropinirole hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420indoles
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		4.56701,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
epristeride
epristeride: structure given in first source		2.7430steroid acid
talinolol
[no description available]		2.7430ureas
pirlindole
pirlindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym pyrazidol refers to mono-HCl; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2812		2.0510carbazoles
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
plasmenylserine
plasmenylserine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. O-phospho-L-serine : The L-enantiomer of O-phosphoserine.. O-phosphoserine : A serine derivative that is serine substituted at the oxygen atom by a phosphono group.		2.0310O-phosphoserineEC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
brinzolamide
brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent		2.0810sulfonamide;
thienothiazine		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dienogest
[no description available]		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
aliphatic nitrile;
steroid hormone		progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		2.46203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.4720artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
fenflumizole
fenflumizole: structure in first source		2.0310
2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
[no description available]		2.1310
5-aminovaleric acid hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
morphazinamide
morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index		2.0510morpholines;
pyrazines;
secondary carboxamide
n-acetyltryptamine
N-acetyltryptamine: antagonizes the melatonin-induced inhibition of dopamine release from retina; RN given refers to parent cpd. N-acetyltryptamine : A tryptamine compound having an acetyl substituent attached to the side-chain amino function.		2.0310acetamides;
indoles
D-serine
[no description available]		2.0310D-alpha-amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
denaverine
denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410diarylmethane
pafenolol
pafenolol: structure given in first source		2.4620
acamprosate
Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.		3.5920acetamides;
organosulfonic acid		environmental contaminant;
neurotransmitter agent;
xenobiotic
isaxonine
isaxonine: promotes nerve growth		3.2310aminopyrimidine
dihydroergotamine mesylate
dihydroergotamine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergotamine, a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine. Both the mesylate and the tartrate salts are used for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		2.4420methanesulfonate saltnon-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.		2.1310cyclopropanes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
picoprazole
picoprazole: inhibits gastric acid secretion by blocking (H+ + K+)ATPase		1.9810
6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate
6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate: used for therapy of Paget's disease of bone & malignant hypercalcaemia		2.05101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
diprafenone
diprafenone: structure given in first source		2.7230aromatic compound
flurithromycin
flurithromycin: fluorine derivative of erythromycin. flurithromycin : An erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydrogen attached to the carbon at position 8 (alpha to the ketone carbonyl group) has been replaced by a fluorine. It has been used (generally as the corresponding monoethyl succinate ester) as an antibacterial drug.		1.9910cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
organofluorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
erythromycin propionate
erythromycin propionate: form in which erythromycin estolate is principally absorbed		2.0210erythromycin derivative
ranolazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
nebivolol
2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.		3.5820chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		4.5470aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627
biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.4520carbapenems;
organic sulfide;
pyrazolotriazole		antibacterial drug
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.61201,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane
Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.		4.2550razoxaneantineoplastic agent;
cardiovascular drug;
chelator;
immunosuppressive agent
clobetasone butyrate
[no description available]		2.1310organic molecular entity
loxapine succinate
[no description available]		2.9840succinate saltgeroprotector
guanfacine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9940acetamidesgeroprotector
pirenzepine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310hydrochloride
labetalol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530salicylamides
diflorasone diacetate
diflorasone diacetate : The 17,21-diacetate derivative of diflorasone. It is used topically for its anti-inflammatory and antipruritic properties in the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
acecainide hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4720
loperamide hydrochloride
loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		2.7530hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
fenoxypropazine
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
antebate
betamethasone butyrate propionate: a topical corticosteroid		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
maprotiline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530anthracenes
protoporphyrin ix, disodium salt
[no description available]		2.0310
opipramol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
hydroxyzine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		5.5110conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
betamipron
[no description available]		2.9940organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
rexigen
clobenzorex: RN given refers to (+)-isomer; structure		2.0510
bufuralol
bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.4370benzofurans
uroxatral
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
aceclofenac
[no description available]		3.8730amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
secnidazole
[no description available]		8.8221C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
secondary alcohol		epitope
clociguanil
clociguanil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510
nitrefazole
[no description available]		3.2310imidazoles
tebuquine
[no description available]		2.0510
epanolol
epanolol: structure given in first source		210acetamides
panipenem
panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
perindoprilat
perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.		2.0410dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
L-alanine derivative;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cyclobutyrol
cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acidbile therapy drug
thiocolchicoside
[no description available]		2.0810glycoside
prednisolone phosphate
prednisolone phosphate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone phosphate : A synthetic glucocorticoid resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of prednisolone with one of the hydroxy groups of phosphoric acid. It is a prodrug for prednisolone that is activated in vivo by phosphatases.		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
steroid phosphate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glucocorticoid receptor agonist;
prodrug
terlipressin
terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.		2.0510polypeptide
(S)-flurbiprofen
[no description available]		2.0310flurbiprofen
siguazodan
[no description available]		2.0310pyridazinone
tolmesoxide
tolmesoxide: structure		2.0510
ubenimex
ubenimex: growth inhibitor		2.0710
3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine
3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine: anti-HIV agent; RN & structure given in first source		2.0310
7-hydroxystaurosporine
[no description available]		2.0410
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		2.7230phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
isoflavone
[no description available]		2.0510isoflavones
chelerythrine chloride
[no description available]		2.7330
coptisine
coptisine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1710alkaloidmetabolite
clevudine
[no description available]		2.0510
9-aminocamptothecin
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343
Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer		2.4520
squalamine
squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source		2.0410bile acid
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.0510bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone
[no description available]		2.4420
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		3.6120carbapenems
5-(n-methyl-n-isobutyl)amiloride
5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride: inhibitor of the Na+-H+ antiporter		2.4420
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from anileridine and two molar equivalents of hydrogen chloride.		2.4420hydrochlorideEC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
amperozide hydrochloride
amperozide hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of amperozide.		2.4420hydrochlorideanxiolytic drug;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
geroprotector;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid
[no description available]		2.4420
ergocornine
ergocornine: a component of ergotoxine; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (75-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocornine : Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12' position, isopropyl groups at the 2' and 5'alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.		2.1310ergot alkaloid
agroclavine
agroclavine: structure. agroclavine : An ergot alkaloid that is ergoline which contains a double bond between positions 8 and 9, and which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 6 and 8.		2.0310ergot alkaloid
pramoxine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic ether
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		5.2790hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
s-methylisothiourea sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310
p-Aminobenzamidine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
butyrylcholine chloride
[no description available]		2.1310
3-acetylcoumarin
3-acetylcoumarin: structure given in first source. 3-acetylcoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by an acetyl group.		2.1310coumarins
1-benzylimidazole
1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase		2.1310
rivastigmine
[no description available]		4.0840carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan
[no description available]		4.0840carbazoles
eletriptan
eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.		4.2650indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		4.7790aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu
[no description available]		2.0810phosphate salt
benzamidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
chloropyramine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
6-aminoindazole
6-aminoindazole: depresses gastric acid secretion; structure given in first source		2.1310indazoles
cryptolepine
cryptolepine: fused indole-quinoline; structure in first source; from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta. cryptolepine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline in which the hydrogen at position N-5 is replaced by a methyl group.		2.0510indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
bexarotene
[no description available]		3.6120benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
s20098
[no description available]		2.0810acetamides
flunisolide
flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones		2.733011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
4-nitrophenylglucuronide
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid having a 4-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.		2.0410beta-D-glucosiduronic acid;
C-nitro compound		chromogenic compound
acetaminophen glucuronide
acetaminophen glucuronide: acetaminophen metabolite in rats. acetaminophen O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen).		2.0410beta-D-glucosiduronic aciddrug metabolite
albendazole sulfoxide
albendazole sulfoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0710sulfoxide
ketorolac tromethamine
Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.		2.4620organoammonium saltanalgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		23.3456239macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
5-aminoindazole
[no description available]		2.1310
methionine sulfoximine
L-methionine sulfoximine : A methionine sulfoximine in which the amino group has S-stereochemistry.		2.0310L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-methionine derivative;
methionine sulfoximine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
tretazicar
tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84)		2.0310
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		3.751003-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
carbetapentane citrate
[no description available]		2.4420carbonyl compound
cinchonine
[no description available]		2.0510(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol;
cinchona alkaloid		metabolite
moexipril
[no description available]		4.0640peptide
phentolamine mesylate
[no description available]		2.7530
mephentermine
sphinganine : A 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.		2.44202-aminooctadecane-1,3-diolEC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxybutynin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloride
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		210amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-hydroxypropranolol
4-hydroxypropranolol: metabolite of propanolol; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0810naphthols
gliquidone
gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4720isoquinolines
2-methylhippuric acid
2-methylhippuric acid: urinary metabolite of o-xylene. o-methylhippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the ortho-methyl derivative of hippuric acid.		2.1310N-acylglycinemetabolite
nimustine
nimustine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining nimustine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.		2.0310hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
cordium
bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril.		2.0310hydrate;
hydrochloride
L-2-aminoadipic acid
L-2-aminoadipic acid : The L-enantiomer of 2-aminoadipic acid.		2.03102-aminoadipic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
prilocaine hydrochloride
prilocaine hydrochloride : The monohydrochloride salt of prilocaine.		2.7530hydrochloridelocal anaesthetic
n-hexadecyl-n,n-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.0510
meclizine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
lekoptin
(S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.		2.03102-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
tarenflurbil
tarenflurbil: R-enantiomer of flurbiprofen but not a COX inhibitor; modulates NF-kB, gamma-secretase, amyloid beta-protein;		2.0310flurbiprofen
mor-14
N-methyldeoxynojirimycin: glucosidase inhibitor		2.0310hydroxypiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
mci 9038
[no description available]		3.5820peptide
lopinavir
[no description available]		4.4360amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
11-hydroxyprogesterone, (11alpha)-isomer
11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 11alpha-hydroxy steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11.		2.131011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid
brexanolone
brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women.		2.44203-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-oneantidepressant;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
malic acid, (r)-isomer
(R)-malic acid : An optically active form of malic acid having (R)-configuration.		2.1310malic acid
21-deoxycortisol
21-deoxycortisol: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; structure. 21-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is 17xi-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 11 and an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17. It is a marker of virilizing adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency.		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
deoxycortisol;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite
estrone 3-methyl ether
estrone 3-methyl ether: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure		2.1310
e-250
[no description available]		2.1310
rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate
rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate: a monoglyceride of capric acid. 1-monodecanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has decanoyl (capryl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monodecanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-decanoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-decanoyl-sn-glycerol.		2.1310rac-1-monoacylglycerol
nipecotic acid amide
nipecotic acid amide: RN & N1 form 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotamide : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of nipecotic acid with ammonia.		2.1310piperidinecarboxamide
phenylisopropyladenosine
[no description available]		2.0310aromatic amine;
benzenes;
hydrocarbyladenosine;
purine nucleoside;
secondary amino compound		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
levcromakalim
[no description available]		2.13101-benzopyran
hexamethonium chloride
[no description available]		2.0310
tachistin
tachistin: a synthetic analog of dihydrotachysterol		2.1310
cortisol octanoate
[no description available]		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
dehydroabietic acid
dehydroabietic acid: major aquatic toxicant in effluent of pulp and paper mills. dehydroabietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted at position 18 by a carboxy group.. dehydroabietate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of dehydroabietic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.		3.1910abietane diterpenoid;
carbotricyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid		allergen;
metabolite
desethylchloroquine
desethylchloroquine: metabolite of chloroquine		2.0510aminoquinoline
6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine
6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport		2.4420
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (3-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group. It is a partial agonist of GABAB receptors.		2.0310phosphonic acids;
primary amino compound;
zwitterion		GABAB receptor agonist
armepavine
[no description available]		2.1310
5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine
5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer		2.0310
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs		2.0310
zpck
ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin		2.4420
wr 159412
[no description available]		2.0510
n(6)-phenyladenosine
[no description available]		2.4720purine nucleoside
moxifloxacin hydrochloride
moxifloxacin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride.		2.0810hydrochlorideantibacterial drug
cinchonidine
cinchonidine: has antimalarial activity; diastereoisomer of cinchonine with distinct physiochemical properties; RN given refers to parent cpd(8alpha,9R)-isomer. cinchonidine : 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.		2.0510(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol;
cinchona alkaloid		metabolite
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer		2.442021-hydroxy steroid
n-methyladenosine
N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.		2.0310methyladenosine
benzyloxyamine
benzyloxyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510
phenglutarimide
phenglutarimide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510piperidines
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		3.612017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
mizoribine
[no description available]		2.7730imidazolesanticoronaviral agent
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer		2.0310
chlorates
Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.		3.411chlorine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
u 73122
1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.		2.0310aromatic ether;
aza-steroid;
maleimides		EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		2.7430beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
alphaxalone
alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure		2.4720corticosteroid hormone
sr141716
[no description available]		2.4720amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
s-nitrosoglutathione
[no description available]		2.0310glutathione derivative;
nitrosothio compound		bronchodilator agent;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
signalling molecule
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		4.5570primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
bicuculline methiodide
[no description available]		2.1310
cp-55,940
[no description available]		2.4420
vanoxerine
vanoxerine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of vanoxerine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.4420hydrochloridedopamine uptake inhibitor
eudragit rs
Eudragit RS: copolymer of acrylic & methacrylic acid esters & quaternary ammonium groups; used for microcapsules		2.4920
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.		2.0510ether;
imidazoles;
monomethoxybenzene		TRP channel blocker
fluo-3
Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds		2.4620xanthene dyefluorochrome
methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate
methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: structure given in first source		2.4420beta-carbolines
selenomethionine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
selenomethionine		plant metabolite
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: isolated from brain tissue & urine; extremely potent displacer of diazepam from brain benzodiazepam receptors; structure in first source		2.1310beta-carbolines
u 69593
U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.		2.4420monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist
u 78517f
U 78517F: iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation inhibitor; structure given in first source; RN given is for diHCl		2.0510
cv 3988
CV 3988: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4420
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure given in first source		2.4420beta-carbolines
racecadotril
racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
methoctramine
methoctramine: structure given in first source. methoctramine : A tetramine that is N,N'-bis(6-aminohexyl)octane-1,8-diamine where the primary amino groups both carry 2-methoxybenzyl substituents.. methoctramine tetrahydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.		2.4420hydrochloridemuscarinic antagonist
pyronaridine
[no description available]		2.0510aminoquinoline
perindopril
Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline		3.5920alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
hypotaurine
[no description available]		2.0310aminosulfinic acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tryptoline
tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.1310beta-carbolines
dihydrokainate
[no description available]		2.0310dicarboxylic acid
n-monodemethyldiltiazem
N-monodemethyldiltiazem: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0810benzothiazepine
gabazine
[no description available]		2.0310
asulacrine
asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source		2.0410acridines
gamma-fagarine
gamma-fagarine: active alkaloid of Chinese medicines from Dictamni radicis cortex (Rutaceae); structure given in first source		2.1310organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
cl 218872
CL 218872: shows specific action on benzodiazepine receptors; structure		2.0310pyridazines;
ring assembly
betaxolol hydrochloride
betaxolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of betaxolol.		2.7530hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
catechin
(+)-catechin monohydrate : The monohydrate of (+)-catechin.		2.0310hydrategeroprotector
hydroxycotinine
hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		2.0410N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine
NAN 190 hydrobromide : A hydrobromide obtained by reaction of NAN 190 with one equivalent of hydrobromic acid.		2.4420hydrobromideserotonergic antagonist
s-methylthiocitrulline
S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.		2.0310imidothiocarbamic ester;
L-arginine derivative;
L-ornithine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
fingolimod
fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.		2.0510aminodiol;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
CB1 receptor antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
dihydrocapsaicin
[no description available]		2.0310capsaicinoid
quinaprilat
quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.		2.7430dicarboxylic acid;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
Zearalanone
[no description available]		2.1310macrolide;
resorcinols
n-chlorotaurine
N-chlorotaurine: inhibits both inducible nitric oxide synthase and IkappaB kinase		3.2710
ml 9
[no description available]		2.0310
2-hydroxyimipramine
2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520dibenzoazepine
parthenolide
[no description available]		2.4420germacranolide
sch 28080
Sch 28080: not related structurally to other known anti-ulcer agents; inhibits histamine-stimulated gastric secretion; prevents gastric lesions induced by aspirin, indomethacin & ethanol		8.1150imidazopyridine
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		2.4520acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
tadalafil
[no description available]		3.8930benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart		2.4420guanidines;
pyrazines
ibuprofen, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310ibuprofen
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane: structure given in first source; alkylthio acetic acid, non-beta-oxidizable		2.0310straight-chain fatty acid
paliperidone
3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		3.23101,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
2-iodomelatonin
[no description available]		2.0310acetamides
nitisinone
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
cyclohexanones;
mesotrione		EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
tafenoquine
tafenoquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tafenoquine.. N(4)-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine : An aminoquinoline that is 8-aminoquinoline which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6, a methyl group at position 4, and a m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5, and in which the amino substituent at position 8 is itself substituted by a 5-aminopentan-2-yl group.		2.0510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
secondary amino compound
plavix
[no description available]		2.0810azaheterocycle sulfate salt;
organoammonium sulfate salt		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
butethamate citrate
[no description available]		2.1310
arcaine, sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
2-((2-dimethylaminobenzyl)sulfinyl)benzimidazole
2-((2-dimethylaminobenzyl)sulfinyl)benzimidazole: structure given in first source		1.9810
clofarabine
[no description available]		3.8730adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol
4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol: structure in first source		2.1310piperidines
elacridar
Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source		2.4620
gr 113808
GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.		2.4420indolyl carboxylate ester;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		serotonergic antagonist
gallopamil hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
gamma-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid
[no description available]		2.0310
5-hydroxymethylomeprazole
5-hydroxymethylomeprazole: metabolite of omeprazole. 5'-hydroxyomeprazole : A sulfoxide that is omeprazole in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 5 on the pyridine ring is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.0710aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		drug metabolite
buthionine sulfoximine
L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine : A 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid which has S-configuration. It is a inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and is capable of enhancing the apoptotic effects of several chemotherapeutic agents.		2.44202-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acidEC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		3.8630benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
mosapride
4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine.		8.0562aromatic ether;
benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound
valdecoxib
[no description available]		3.8930isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
histamine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
sb 204070a
SB 204070A: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist		2.4420
mitiglinide
mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
1-(2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine
LY 165163: structure given in first source; a serotonin agonist. LY-165163 : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl and 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups at positions 1 and 4, respectively. It is a selective 5-HT1A serotonin receptor agonist and 5-HT1D serotonin receptor antagonist.		2.4420(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
primary arylamine;
substituted aniline		geroprotector;
serotonergic agonist
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate: structure given in first source		2.110
desethylamodiaquine
desethylamodiaquine: metabolite of amodiaquine		2.0510
l 655240
L 655240: thromboxane and prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given is for parent cpd		2.0310methylindole
san 58035
[no description available]		2.4420
n,n-dideethylchloroquine
[no description available]		2.0510
1,3-dimethylbenzimidazoline-2-thione
1,3-dimethylbenzimidazoline-2-thione: structure given in first source		2.1310
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		2.7330methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan
almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.		4.2550indoles;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amine		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
mk 0663
[no description available]		2.7530bipyridines;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib
[no description available]		5.2990aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine
N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)		2.1310leucine derivative
mk 912
[no description available]		2.0510
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine
N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.		2.0510adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound		adenosine A3 receptor agonist
nnc 711
NNC 711: structure in first source		2.0310
n,n-dimethylarginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.		5.6332dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source		2.4420diarylmethane
sk&f 86466
benalfocin: RN & RR given from first source; RN not in Chemline 9/28/83; structure given in first source		2.0510benzazepine
e 64
E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)		2.4420dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
guanidines;
L-leucine derivative;
zwitterion		antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
protease inhibitor
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		4.3150benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: activates neuronal metabotropic receptors; RN given refers to (trans-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/93		2.0310
w 7
[no description available]		2.0510
desvenlafaxine
O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.		3.2310cyclohexanols;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
pre 084
2-(4-morpholino)ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate: structure given in first source		2.4420morpholines
methotrexate
[no description available]		11.78181dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
3,6-diamino-9-(4-(methylsulfonyl)aminophenyl)aminoacridine
[no description available]		2.0510
1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol
1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol: irreversibly inactivates the dihydroalprenolol binding site; alprenolol analog; isopropylamino group of alprenolol replaced by 8-bromoacetylamino-1-amino-p-menthane moiety in the 1 position; structure given in first source		2.4420
sr 2640
SR 2640: leukotriene D4 and E4 antagonist		2.4420quinolines
ne 58051
NE 58051: inhibits tumor cell adhesion to extracellular matrices; structure in first source		2.0510
tamsulosin
[no description available]		4.08405-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
rufinamide
rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source		3.2310aromatic amide;
heteroarene
ici 204448
[no description available]		2.0310
antiprimod
azaspirane: structure given in first source		2.0510
sulbactam
[no description available]		2.9740penicillanic acids
olmesartan medoxomil
Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.		4.140biphenyls
dexpanthenol
dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid		3.2310amino alcohol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cholinergic drug;
provitamin
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		3.2310sulfonamideprodrug
pagoclone
RP 59037: a partial benzodiazepine receptor agonist; a cyclopyrrolone that induces hypothermia		2.0810
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride: has high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT3 receptors; structure given in first source		2.0310
n,n-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide
N,N-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide: binds with high affinity to glial mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptors & increases mitochondrial steroidogenesis		2.4420phenylindole
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
4-(benzodioxan-5-yl)-1-(indan-2-yl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist		2.0310
abiraterone
[no description available]		2.08103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
ivabradine
Ivabradine: A benzazepine derivative and selective HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS inhibitor that lowers the heart rate. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC STABLE ANGINA in patients unable to take BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS, and in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.. ivabradine : A member of the class of benzazepines that is 7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-2-one in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a [{[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino]propyl} group. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) to treat patients with angina who have intolerance to beta blockers and/or heart failure.		8.4111aromatic ether;
benzazepine;
carbobicyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiotonic drug
8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine
8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine: structure given in first source		2.4420
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.4620
l 741626
3-(4-(4-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole: structure in first source		2.4420piperidines
wr 242511
WR 242511: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510
febuxostat
Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.		4.45301,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol
(R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.		2.04102-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
nisoxetine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0310hydrochlorideEC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
tilarginine acetate
[no description available]		2.0310
alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid
alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid: identified in the convulsive period of cobalt-induced seizures from cat cerebral cortex; RN given for cpd with unspecified guanidino-locant		2.0310L-glutamic acid derivative
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-(+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.7530
beta-lactams
2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.		3.3911beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
beta-lactam
imidazole-4-acetic acid hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
escitalopram
Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.		3.57201-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrileantidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
lexapro
Lexapro: Trade name of escitalopram, the active S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram.		2.0810
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel
[no description available]		2.9540hydrate;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.6120secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
irofulven
irofulven: structure in first source		2.0410cyclohexenones
atazanavir
atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).		4.6440carbohydrazideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
ym 872
YM 872: structure in first source		2.0410
nsc-141549
[no description available]		2.4420
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		11.8828129-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		4.140azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		3.5820carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
dx 8951
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cox 189
lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.		3.6120amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cilomilast
[no description available]		2.7430methoxybenzenes
conivaptan
conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).		3.8630benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
tezosentan
tezosentan: structure in first source		2.4520
dichloro-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum complex
[no description available]		2.1310
1,4-di(2'-thienyl)-1,4-butadione
1,4-di(2'-thienyl)-1,4-butadione: structure given in first source		2.1310
sabarubicin
sabarubicin: structure given in first source		2.0410
2-chloro-2-deoxyglucose
[no description available]		2.0310
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		9.11115aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
pralnacasan
pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source		3.2310
clevidipine
clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source		3.5820dihydropyridine
jtt 501
JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source		2.0510
solifenacin
[no description available]		4.0840isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.		3.2310methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetateadrenergic agent
idazoxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
isoguvacine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
xamoterol
Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.		3.1450morpholines
omeprazole sulfide
omeprazole sulfide: omeprazole metabolite; structure given in first source		1.9810benzimidazoles
8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine: inhibitor of phosphodiesterase I		2.0310oxopurine
disopyramide, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		9.98193methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		3.6320(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
epitaondiol
epitaondiol: isolated from seaweeds; RN refers to (3beta,5alpha,14beta)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0610
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		2.4220oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
lubiprostone
[no description available]		3.2310
methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride
methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of methyl 5-aminolevulinate. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.		2.1310hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug
atazanavir sulfate
Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.		3.8221organic sulfate salt
isradipine, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
olmesartan
olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866		2.4620biphenylyltetrazoleangiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
antazoline phosphate
[no description available]		2.1310
telbivudine
[no description available]		3.6120pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
cerium sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310
cyc 202
seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.		2.96402,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
Serotonin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310tryptamines
n-phthaloylglutamic acid
N-phthaloyl-L-glutamic acid : A glutamic acid derivative that is L-glutamic acid in which the two hydrogens on the amino group are substituted by a phthaloyl group.		2.0310L-glutamic acid derivative;
phthalimides
1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine
1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine: structure given in first source		2.0310
ag 3-5
icilin: a cooling compound that activates TRPM8		2.0310C-nitro compound
abanoquil
[no description available]		2.0410
thymidine 5'-diphosphate
thymidine 5'-diphosphate: see also record for thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate, RN 2863-04-9. dTDP : A thymidine phosphate having a diphosphate group at the 5'-position.		210pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pridinol mesylate
[no description available]		2.1310
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		3.5920amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin
Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.		3.5820antibiotic antifungal drug;
azamacrocycle;
echinocandin;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe
[no description available]		2.0510monoterpenoid
n-n-propylnorapomorphine
[no description available]		2.0310aporphine alkaloid
urapidil monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		2.4420dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
azepexole, dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.		3.6320corticosteroid hormone
varenicline
Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.		3.620
2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.0510biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
abt 980
[no description available]		2.4420
fiduxosin
fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source		3.2310
sk&f 75670
SK&F 75670: RN refers to HBr; N-methyl derivative of SK&F 38393		2.4420
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		10.23150
esatenolol
esatenolol : The (S)-enantiomer of atenolol.		2.0310atenololbeta-adrenergic antagonist
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		2.7330piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
nbi 27914
[no description available]		2.4420dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
sb 216763
[no description available]		2.4420indoles;
maleimides
erlotinib
[no description available]		4.8150aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		2.110divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
dizocilpine
[no description available]		2.0510secondary amino compound;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
ketoprofen
[no description available]		2.0310
(R)-atenolol
(R)-atenolol : The (R)-enantiomer of atenolol.		2.0310atenolol
memantine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
melagatran
[no description available]		2.7430azetidines;
carboxamidine;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
pefabloc
[no description available]		2.0310
solidagenone
solidagenone: RN given for (4R-(4alpha,4abeta,8aalpha))-isomer; structure in first source		2.0210
pongidae
[no description available]		2.4420
deflazacort
deflazacort: structure		2.0510corticosteroid hormone
etravirine
[no description available]		3.2310aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
succinylproline
[no description available]		2.0310N-acyl-amino acid
sb 205384
SB 205384: structure in first source		2.4420thienopyridine
5-fluorotryptamine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
hydrastine
[no description available]		2.4420isoquinolinesmetabolite
piribedil mesylate
[no description available]		2.1310
gabaculine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
olpadronic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
etiron monohydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.4720acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
serc
[no description available]		2.1310
yh 1885
YH 1885: proton pump inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0710
procyclidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310hydrochloride
dronedarone
Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.23101-benzofurans;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tesaglitazar
tesaglitazar: structure in first source		2.7430
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		3.6120indanes
lapatinib
[no description available]		4.4330furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bmy 7378
[no description available]		2.0310
vesamicol
[no description available]		2.0310
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		3.2310carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		3.8730benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
bms204352
BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source		2.7530
ilaprazole
ilaprazole: structure in first source		4.240benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
fosfluconazole
fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole		2.0410conazole antifungal drug;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		prodrug
dabigatran
Dabigatran: A THROMBIN inhibitor which acts by binding and blocking thrombogenic activity and the prevention of thrombus formation. It is used to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic EMBOLISM in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.. dabigatran : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{[(4-carbamimidoylphenyl)amino]methyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amoino group of N-pyridin-2-yl-beta-alanine. The active metabolite of the prodrug dabigatran etexilate, it acts as an anticoagulant which is used for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism.		3.921aromatic amide;
benzimidazoles;
beta-alanine derivative;
carboxamidine;
pyridines		anticoagulant;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
tbc-11251
sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.8730benzodioxoles
tolvaptan
[no description available]		3.6120benzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide		aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib
[no description available]		4.4330(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
(7R)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),15,17-trien-13-one
[no description available]		2.1310macrolide
lenalidomide
[no description available]		3.6120aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
regadenoson
[no description available]		3.2310purine nucleoside
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		3.6120N-acyl-amino acid
cp 101,606
traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4520
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.462012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		2.05103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
estradiol 3-benzoate
17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.		2.021017beta-hydroxy steroid;
benzoate ester		estrogen receptor agonist;
xenoestrogen
cortisone
[no description available]		2.472011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
equilin
Equilin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.		2.131017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid
adrenosterone
adrenosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene carrying three oxo-substituents at positions 3, 11 and 17.		2.131011-oxo steroid;
17-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
marine metabolite
gossypol acetic acid
[no description available]		2.1310
epinastine
dexamethasone acetate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
sodium sulfide
sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae		2.0510
benzatropine methanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.1310
vincaleukoblastine
[no description available]		3.8730acetate ester;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite
4',6-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone
4',6-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone : A dimethoxyflavone that is the 5,7-dimethyl ether derivative of scutellarein.		2.1310dihydroxyflavone;
dimethoxyflavone
2-hydroxyestradiol
2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.		2.131017beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-hydroxy steroid		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug
medrysone
[no description available]		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
artisone acetate
[no description available]		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		2.7430organic sulfate saltantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector
chondocurine (1beta)-(+-)-isomer
curine: structure in first source		2.1310aromatic ether
benzarone
benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure		3.59201-benzofurans
nsc-89199
estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.		2.4520carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid phosphate
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		4.074017beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
lupeol
[no description available]		2.0510pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite
n-methylserotonin oxalate salt
[no description available]		2.0310
nsc 95397
[no description available]		2.44201,4-naphthoquinones
phenethicillin
phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.		2.0410penicillin allergen;
penicillin
noscapine
Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.		2.4520aromatic ether;
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
isobenzofuranone;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antitussive;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		2.0510alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin
[no description available]		2.0410isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
4-methoxyxanthone
4-methoxyxanthone: a vasodilator; structure in first source		2.1310
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.9740acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
2-methyl-N-[4-(propan-2-ylamino)phenyl]-2-propenamide
[no description available]		2.1310amine
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol
O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.		2.0510carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bortezomib
[no description available]		4.2850amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
neocryptolepine
neocryptolepine: isolated from the roots of the African plant Cryptolepis sanguinolenta; structure in first source		2.0510
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		4.66801,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
tryptoquivaline
fumitremorgin C : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid produced by several fungi. A potent and specific inhibitor of the breast cancer resistance protein multidrug transporter.		3.5110aromatic ether;
indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor;
mycotoxin
1-hydroxypentane-1,1-bisphosphonate
[no description available]		2.0510
cimadronate
cimadronate: increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in rats via stimulating renal 1-hydroxylase activity; structure given in first source		2.0510
1,1-hydroxyoctanodiphosphonate
[no description available]		2.0510
nexavar
[no description available]		2.0510organosulfonate salt
carboplatin
[no description available]		2.1310
rimiterol
rimiterol: was heading 1977-94 (see under CATECHOLS 1977-90); use CATECHOLS to search RIMITEROL 1977-94; predominantly a beta 2 stimulant, therefore affects the cardiovascular system less than isoproterenol, but its action is of shorter duration than that of albuterol		2.7330catechols
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.0310inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
canavanine
L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		2.0510D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
carnosine
polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth		5.6931amino acid zwitterion;
dipeptide		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
raffinose
Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.		2.0610raffinose family oligosaccharide;
trisaccharide		mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		2.4620(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
hydroxytryptophan : A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan : The L-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan.		2.03105-hydroxytryptophan;
amino acid zwitterion;
hydroxy-L-tryptophan;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		3.8830heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid
3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid: from S. miltiorhiza Bge; dilates coronary artery; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.03102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
catechols
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		3.669011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
puromycin
[no description available]		1.9710puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin
(+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.0410taxifolinmetabolite
mandelic acid, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.1310(2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
mandelic acid
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone
Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.		2.4720alpha-chloroketone;
sulfonamide		alkylating agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		3.8530coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
monoiodotyrosine
Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
L-tyrosine derivative;
monoiodotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
taurolithocholic acid
Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.		2.4620bile acid taurine conjugate;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
nitroarginine
Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.		2.0310guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
willardiine
willardiine: isolated from seeds of Acacia willariana; structure. 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : The 3-(uracil-1-yl) derivative of L-alanine.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
L-alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
cortodoxone
Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.		2.7530deoxycortisol;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arbutin
hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.		3.2710beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		5.35170cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		4.5470alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		4.07401-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		3.8430beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		3.1550cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		5.46110L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
pancuronium
Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.		3.5820acetate ester;
steroid ester		cholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium
Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.04103alpha-hydroxy steroid;
acetate ester;
androstane;
morpholines;
quaternary ammonium ion;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		4.78502,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin
Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.		3.1450
acebutolol hydrochloride
acebutolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of acebutolol, prepared using equimolar amounts of acebutolol and hydrogen chloride.		2.1310hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
trimethaphan camsylate
trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.		2.0510
perindopril erbumine
[no description available]		2.0810addition compoundantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
miglitol
[no description available]		4.2650piperidines
amiodarone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530aromatic ketone
dicyclomine hydrochloride
dicyclomine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dicyclomine. An anticholinergic, it is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		2.7530hydrochlorideantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
metyrosine
alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.		3.8430L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
rocuronium bromide
rocuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.4520organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
nortriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530organic tricyclic compoundgeroprotector
erythromycin estolate
Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.		2.4620aminoglycoside sulfate salt;
erythromycin derivative		enzyme inhibitor
paromomycin sulfate
paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		2.0310
terconazole
terconazole: structure & RN for (cis)-isomer from first source. terconazole : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-terconazole. It has broad-spectrum antifungal activitiy and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections (Candida).. (2R,4S)-terconazole : A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively.		2.02101-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine
bacampicillin
bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.		2.0210penicillanic acid esterprodrug
linezolid
[no description available]		4.4160acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
canaline
canaline: structure		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite
indican
[no description available]		2.4110beta-D-glucoside;
exopolysaccharide;
indolyl carbohydrate
carnosol
carnosol: isolated from Lepechinia hastata		2.0510diterpenoid
ferruginol
ferruginol: structure in first source. ferruginol : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at positions 12.		3.8530abietane diterpenoid;
carbotricyclic compound;
meroterpenoid;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite;
protective agent
naringin
[no description available]		2.0710(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
Dubinidine
[no description available]		2.0310organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
cyclopamine
[no description available]		2.7330piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
s-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione
S-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione: photoaffinity label deriv of glutathione; inhibits glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5)		2.0310peptide
6-prenylchrysin
6-prenylchrysin: structure in first source. 6-(3,3-dimethylallyl)chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone that is chrysin substituted by a prenyl group at position 6.		3.51107-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone
hydroxylamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
devazepide
Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.		2.05101,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug
chloramphenicol palmitate
chloramphenicol palmitate: RN given refers to ((R-(R*,R*))-isomer)		2.0310hexadecanoate ester
clindamycin phosphate
[no description available]		3.2310
sb 228357
SB 228357: a neuroleptic with equivalent or higher antagonist affinity for 5-HT2 than for dopamine D2 receptor		2.4420indolyl carboxylic acid
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine
(S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine derivative that is L-alpha-phenylglycine substituted at positions 3 and 5 on the phenyl ring by hydroxy groups.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
resorcinols
actinonin
actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure		2.4420
pemirolast potassium salt
[no description available]		2.0810
eplerenone
Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		3.61203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
epoxy steroid;
gamma-lactone;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid acid ester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
tolterodine
[no description available]		4.4160tertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
difluprednate
difluprednate: RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta)-isomer		2.1310butyrate ester;
corticosteroid hormone
doxorubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510anthracycline
dironyl
dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4420organic molecular entity
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		2.4420cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
vinpocetine
vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.7530alkaloidgeroprotector
amcinonide
amcinonide: structure		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
spiroketal		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone acetate
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
flumethasone pivalate
flumethasone pivalate: structure		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
pivalate ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
tibolone
tibolone: used in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. tibolone : Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		bone density conservation agent;
hormone agonist
ao 128
AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.4720organic molecular entity
loteprednol etabonate
Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
etabonate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid acid ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		3.87301-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
dihydroergocristine monomesylate
dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia.		2.7530methanesulfonate saltalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
fluticasone propionate
fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester;
thioester		adrenergic agent;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
dermatologic drug
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.7730cyclodextrin
acarbose
[no description available]		3.360amino cyclitol;
glycoside
e-z cinnamic acid
cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid		2.0310cinnamic acidplant metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		4.7690retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		2.9740resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		3.5920retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.0510D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate
efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.		2.0510docosahexaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.4520octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		9.62234macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		4.0721D-galactopyranuronic acid
cerivastatin
cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		3.3160dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pyridines;
statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		4.4160dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		2.7430benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.0510icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
thapsigargin
Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.		2.4420butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		9.54702-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
tetragastrin
Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence.		3.7920peptidyl amide;
tetrapeptide		anxiogenic;
human metabolite
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		2.4520alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		4.2650
brivudine
brivudine: anti-herpes agent		2.4520
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol: estrogen receptor ligand; structure in first source. (R,R)-5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-2,8-chrysenediol : A carbotetracyclic compound that is 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and by ethyl groups at positions 5 and 11 (the 5R,11R-stereoisomer). It is an agonist of ER-alpha and antagonist of ER-beta receptors.		2.4420carbotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol		estrogen receptor agonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		4.6580epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		9.132311macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid
2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid: structure in first source		2.0310
drf 2725
ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma		2.0510
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide)
Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.		2.4720adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		2.7530olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
bms 214662
7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.		2.0410benzenes;
benzodiazepine;
imidazoles;
nitrile;
sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
octreotide
[no description available]		3.2310
eptifibatide
[no description available]		3.5820homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: structure in first source. 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin substituted at position 6 by a bromo group and in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.		2.0510
histidyl-proline diketopiperazine
cyclo(L-His-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide resulting from the formal condensation of both the amino and acid groups of L-histidine with the acid and amino groups of L-proline. It is a metabolite of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).		2.1310dipeptide;
homodetic cyclic peptide;
imidazoles;
pyrrolopyrazine		anti-inflammatory agent;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
human blood serum metabolite
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.0510retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
L-cycloserine
L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.		2.03104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-oneanti-HIV agent;
anticonvulsant;
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		2.0510N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
gs 4071
GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.		2.7430acetate ester;
amino acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
afimoxifene
afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.		2.1310phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
metabolite
decitabine
[no description available]		4.26502'-deoxyribonucleoside
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol
[no description available]		2.0310
sm 8668
Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive		2.4520
teniposide
[no description available]		4.4160aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine
troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity		2.0410carbohydrate derivative;
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
valrubicin
[no description available]		2.0810anthracycline;
trifluoroacetamide
ketoconazole
(2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.		3.7120cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
purvalanol a
6-((3-chloro)anilino)-2-(isopropyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-9-isopropylpurine: purvalanol A is the (1R)-isomer;		2.4520purvalanol
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		3.1450cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		3.8530actinomycinmutagen
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.45201,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
aphidicolin
Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.		2.1310tetracyclic diterpenoidantimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
apoptosis inducer;
Aspergillus metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		2.4520carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		4.85100L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin
[no description available]		2.7430fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.		2.1510amino aldehyde;
carbamate ester;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.4260nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		9.7140aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		2.0410kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
rubitecan
rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.		2.4720C-nitro compound;
delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
micafungin
Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.		4.6240antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		3.8430flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
maltitol
maltitol : An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute.		2.1310alpha-D-glucoside;
glycosyl alditol		laxative;
metabolite;
sweetening agent
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		6.1952one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
sodium chlorate
sodium chlorate : An inorganic sodium salt that has chlorate as the counter-ion. An oxidising agent, it is used for bleaching paper and as a herbicide. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, explosives and matches.		3.411chlorate salt;
inorganic sodium salt		herbicide
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		2.0510organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate
Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.		2.0510organic sodium saltalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
ammonium acetate
ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.		2.0410acetate salt;
ammonium salt		buffer;
food acidity regulator
arsenic trioxide
Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.		3.2310arsenic oxideantineoplastic agent;
insecticide
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		2.0510organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
ditiocarb sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
Tetrahydropiperine
[no description available]		2.0510benzodioxoles
sch 22219
alclometasone dipropionate : A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
sr 90107
fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.		3.2310
carbenoxolone
[no description available]		340
meglumine iodipamide
[no description available]		3.2310organoammonium saltradioopaque medium
tenatoprazole
Tenatoprazole: structure in first source		4.8470imidazopyridine
trans-4-coumaric acid
hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.		2.03104-coumaric acidfood component;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
geraniol
[no description available]		3.27103,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol;
monoterpenoid;
primary alcohol		allergen;
fragrance;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
chalcone
trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.		2.7130chalconeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		3.8121isomethyleugenol
piperine
piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.		2.0510benzodioxoles;
N-acylpiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary carboxamide		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite
thermospine
thermospine: structure given in first source		2.1310
isoliquiritigenin
[no description available]		2.4420chalconesantineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
GABA modulator;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor antagonist
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.		3.2310peptide hormone;
tripeptide		human metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0310chloroquine
dibenzylidene acetone
dibenzylidene acetone: structure in first source		2.1310
ilepcimide
ilepcimide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation		2.0510benzodioxoles
rauwolscine
Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.		2.0310methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate
discodermolide
[no description available]		2.0510diterpenoid
dextromethadone
D-methadone: an NMDA receptor antagonist analgesic that lacks opioid activity. dextromethadone : A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (S)-configuration. It is the less active enantiomer of methadone and has very little activity on opioid receptors and mainly responsible for the inhibition of hERG K+ channels and thus for cardiac toxicity. The drug is currently under clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder.		2.03106-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-oneNMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		2.0510olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		3.6120vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
gw9662
2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding		2.4420benzamides
s 1033
[no description available]		4.2220(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
calmidazolium
calmidazolium chloride : The organic choride salt of calmidazolium.		2.4420organic chloride saltapoptosis inducer;
calmodulin antagonist
4-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-thiophen-2-yl-8-cyclohepta[c]furanone
[no description available]		2.1310cycloheptafuran
5-[(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-3-furanyl)methoxy]-2-methyl-3-benzofurancarboxylic acid 2-methoxyethyl ester
[no description available]		2.13102-methoxyethyl ester;
benzofurans
5,6,7-trimethoxy-1-methyl-2-indolecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310indolyl carboxylic acid
haplamine
haplamine: isolated from Haplophyllum acutifolium; structure in first source		2.1310organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
mezlocillin
Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.9640penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
amygdalin
(R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.		2.0610amygdalinantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
trilostane
trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
epoxy steroid;
nitrile		abortifacient;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
cholinophyllin
[no description available]		2.0210
tropisetron hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
tropisetron
Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.		2.0410indolyl carboxylic acid
Reactive blue 2
[no description available]		2.0310anthraquinone
5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2h-benzimidazol-2-one
5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one: stimulates Cl- secretion in the mouse jejunum		2.0310dichlorobenzene
quinidine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4420
leuprolide acetate
leuprolide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining the nonapeptide leuprolide with acetic acid. A long lasting GnRH analog, LH-Rh agonist. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.0810acetate saltantineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.4520oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide
octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.		2.4920
diethylstilbestrol dipropionate
diethylstilbestrol dipropionate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1310
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.4320purine nucleoside
(1S,2R)-2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		2.1310alkylbenzene
glycerylphosphorylcholine
choline alfoscerate : A member of the class of phosphocholines that is the choline ester of sn-glycero-3-phosphate. It is one of the major osmolyte in the renal medullary cells.. glycerophosphocholine : The glycerol phosphate ester of a phosphocholine. A nutrient with many different roles in human health.		2.1310phosphocholines;
sn-glycerol 3-phosphates		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
parasympatholytic;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-methylscopolamine nitrate
[no description available]		2.1310
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		4.95110pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
phenytoin sodium
[no description available]		2.1310
nsc 4347
NSC 4347: structure in first source		2.1310
ipratropium bromide anhydrous
[no description available]		2.9640
4-methoxy-N1,N3-bis(3-pyridinyl)benzene-1,3-dicarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310benzamides
methamilane methiodide
[no description available]		2.4720
physostigmine salicylate
[no description available]		2.1310azaheterocycle salicylate salt;
salicylates
pilocarpine nitrate
[no description available]		2.4720
r 59949
R 59949: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor		2.4420diarylmethane
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine
[no description available]		2.7530
methylatropine nitrate
[no description available]		2.4720
1-[1-oxo-2-[(4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c][1]benzopyran-7-yl)oxy]ethyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
prothionamide
Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.		2.4920pyridines
2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one
[no description available]		2.1310benzoxazine
chlorprothixene
Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.		3.8930chlorprothixene
dienestrol
Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively.		2.1310
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		4.0640ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		4.5370aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil
Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.1310pyrimidone
dexketoprofen
dexketoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is (S)-hydratropic acid substituted at position 3 on the phenyl ring by a benzoyl group. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor, it is used to relieve short-term pain, such as muscular pain, dental pain and dysmenorrhoea.		2.0310benzophenones;
monocarboxylic acid		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sb 366791
N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide: a TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source		2.4420
ag-213
tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells;		2.4420
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.4420catechols;
polyphenol;
resorcinols;
stilbenol		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bemesetron
[no description available]		2.4420
sch-202676
SCH-202676: An allosteric modulator of both agonist and antagonist binding to G protein-coupled receptors; structure in first source		2.9510
4-methoxy-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1310benzamides
(S)-(-)-pindolol
[no description available]		2.0310pindolol
levosulpiride
(S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively).		2.4620sulpirideantidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		2.7530caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
ondansetron, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
5-methyl-4-[(2-oxo-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxymethyl]-2-furancarboxylic acid methyl ester
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		3.23101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
2-(1,3-dioxo-2-isoindolyl)-N-(3-nitrophenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1310phthalimides
4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine
4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine : A L-phenylalanine derivative that is L-phenylalanine in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group.		2.44204-fluorophenylalanine;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
phenylthiazolylthiourea
Phenylthiazolylthiourea: A dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor.		2.0510
urocanic acid
Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.		2.4720urocanic acidhuman metabolite
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone
[no description available]		2.1310stilbenoid
(2'-(4-aminophenyl)-(2,5'-bi-1h-benzimidazol)-5-amine)
[no description available]		2.0510benzimidazoles
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		2.9640N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-phenylethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole
[no description available]		2.1310oxadiazole;
ring assembly
3-(3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyranyl)propanoic acid
[no description available]		2.1310psoralens
1,6-dimethyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dione
[no description available]		2.1310pyrimidotriazine
flunarizine
Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.		2.4720diarylmethane
thiothixene
[no description available]		3.8630N-methylpiperazineanticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone
Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.		3.8630zopiclonecentral nervous system depressant;
sedative
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		7.0341aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
9-hydroxy-4-[1-oxo-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one
[no description available]		2.1310pyridochromene
5-bromo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid [3-(3-methylphenoxy)-4-oxo-1-benzopyran-7-yl] ester
[no description available]		2.1310chromones
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		3.5620diarylmethane
nootkatone
nootkatone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. (+)-nootkatone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).		2.0710carbobicyclic compound;
enone;
sesquiterpenoid		fragrance;
insect repellent;
plant metabolite
5-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-6-oxo-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[c][1]benzopyran-1-yl)oxymethyl]-2-furancarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
4-methyl-3-(phenylmethyl)-7-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]-1-benzopyran-2-one
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-quinolinyl]-(4-morpholinyl)methanone
[no description available]		2.1310quinolines
5-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutoxy)-3,4,7-trimethyl-1-benzopyran-2-one
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		4.26501,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-5-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic amide;
furans
2-(8-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-quinolinyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1310quinolines
N-[(6-methoxy-2-oxo-1H-quinolin-3-yl)methyl]-N-propan-2-yl-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310quinolines
cinnarizine
Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.		3.1650diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine;
olefinic compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		4.7690monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		2.9440capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene
Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.		2.0210
terbinafine
[no description available]		4.0540acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
cysteine sulfinic acid
3-sulfino-L-alanine : The organosulfinic acid arising from oxidation of the sulfhydryl group of L-cysteine.		2.0310organosulfinic acid;
S-substituted L-cysteine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist;
mouse metabolite
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
d-ap7
[no description available]		2.0310
drotaverin
drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.1550isoquinolines
tg 003
TG 003: a Clk inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone
[no description available]		2.1310stilbenoid
1-cyclohexyl-3-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea
[no description available]		2.1310benzothiazoles
N-[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methanamine
[no description available]		2.1310dimethoxybenzene
2-[[5-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethoxy]-4-oxo-2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-7-yl]oxy]acetic acid tert-butyl ester
[no description available]		2.1310flavones;
tert-butyl ester
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		3.85302-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
ethylenethiourea
Ethylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.		2.1310imidazolidines
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4420hydrochloride
tacrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9740
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		1.9810one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
sodium propionate
sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.		2.0510organic sodium saltantifungal drug;
food preservative
indigo carmine
Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.		7.0310
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		2.0310cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		2.110thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
4-bromotetramisole, oxalate (1:1), salt(s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		3.5620dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
p-aminosalicylic acid monosodium salt
[no description available]		2.1310organic molecular entity
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		6.48131cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
mecysteine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310alpha-amino acid ester
4-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, hydrochloride, (dl)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
streptozocin
[no description available]		4.0740
capsazepine
capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.		2.4420benzazepine;
catechols;
monochlorobenzenes;
thioureas		capsaicin receptor antagonist
diphenyleneiodium chloride
dibenziodolium chloride : An organic chloride salt having dibenziodolium as the counterion.		2.4420organic chloride saltEC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor;
G-protein-coupled receptor agonist
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, (cis)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
tamoxifen citrate
[no description available]		2.4420citrate saltangiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent
tamoxifen
[no description available]		4.7790stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate
Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite
nadp
[no description available]		2.0710
pimagedine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)		2.2510
Betaine Aldehyde Chloride
[no description available]		2.0310quaternary ammonium salt
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		4.2650pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
cancidas
[no description available]		4.4230
2-(2-furanyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
dihydrosamidine
[no description available]		2.1310
N-(2-methoxycyclohexyl)-3,4-dimethylaniline
[no description available]		2.1310methylbenzene
eskazine
[no description available]		2.7530
3-(n,n-dimethylsulfonamido)-4-methyl-nitrobenzene
BRL-50481 : A C-nitro compound that is benzene substituted by N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl, methyl and nitro groups at positions 1, 2 and 5, respectively. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor selective for the PDE7 subtype (Ki = 180 nM).		2.0510C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		bone density conservation agent;
EC 3.1.4.53 (3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thione
[no description available]		2.1310methylbenzene
monastrol
monastrol: stops mitosis by fostering formation of monopolar spindles; structure in first source. (S)-monastrol : An ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate that has S configuration.. monastrol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-monastrol.. ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate : A member of the class of thioureas that is 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1)-thione substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 4, an ethoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a methyl group at position 6.		2.0310enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
phenols;
racemate;
thioureas		antileishmanial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
2-[3-oxo-1-[[[oxo(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]amino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]-2-piperazinyl]acetic acid propan-2-yl ester
[no description available]		2.1310isopropyl ester;
piperazines
zeranol
Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog.		2.1310macrolide
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		4.285011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
artemotil
artemotil: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510artemisinin derivative
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		4.2650carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		2.7230cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		2.4520barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
estrone sulfate
estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.994017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		16.7911453C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
aplaviroc
aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source		3.2310
hmr 3647
[no description available]		4.5470
latoconazole
latoconazole: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; latoconazole is (E)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug
maraviroc
[no description available]		3.6120tropane alkaloid
toremifene citrate
[no description available]		2.0810stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
toremifene
Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.		3.8630aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amine		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.4420aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.0510cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		3.8730beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
glycylproline
Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.		2.0710dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide
4-DAMP methiodide : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane.		2.4420iodide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		cholinergic antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine
[no description available]		2.7430aromatic ether
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		3.2310amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
dezocine
dezocine: potent analgesic; RN given refers to ((5R-(5alpha,11alpha,13S*)))-isomer (dezocin); structure. dezocine : (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness.		2.0210phenols;
primary amino compound		opioid analgesic
dapiprazole
[no description available]		2.0210N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
miotic;
ophthalmology drug
nizatidine
Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.		8.7893
droloxifene
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
raclopride
Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.		210salicylamides
dolasetron
[no description available]		3.8730indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259
[no description available]		2.4520hydrazone;
nitrile;
pyridazinone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
monooctanoin
monooctanoin: dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6. rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-octanoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-octanoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monooctanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has octanoyl as the acyl group.		2.13101-monoglyceride;
octanoate ester;
rac-1-monoacylglycerol
ranitidine bismuth citrate
ranitidine bismuth citrate: Pylorid & Tritec are tradenames		7.4476
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		2.9740steroidestrogen
glucametacin
glucametacin: indomethacin analog; structure		2.0510
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		4.140beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene
idoxifene: structure given in first source		2.0510stilbenoid
quinine
[no description available]		5.02120cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
zofenoprilate
zofenoprilate: RN given refers to ((1(R*),2alpha,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/90. zofenoprilat : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. The active metabolite of zofenopril.		210aryl sulfide;
L-proline derivative;
N-acyl-L-amino acid;
thiol		anticonvulsant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
glycodeoxycholic acid
Glycodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/87		2.0310
2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide
2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source		2.4420
isepamicin
[no description available]		2.0410
ifetroban
ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative		2.0410benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
dimemorfan
dimemorfan: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; synonym At 17 refers to phosphate[1:1] salt; structure		2.0310morphinane alkaloid
lamifiban
lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass		2.0410N-acylglycine
bp 897
BP 897: a dopamine D3 receptor agonist; structure in first source		2.4420naphthalenecarboxamide
fospropofol
[no description available]		3.2310alkylbenzene
azilect
[no description available]		2.0810
rasagiline
[no description available]		3.2310indanes;
secondary amine;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
trequinsin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		4.65401,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
neboglamine
neboglamine: potential memory enhancer		2.0310
gelusil
Gelusil: antacid containing Al-H3-O3.Mg2-O8-Si3		3.4211
tocainide, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
zd 6474
CH 331: structure in first source		3.6320aromatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telavancin
telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.		2.0410glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
trimethoprim
[no description available]		2.1310
silybin
[no description available]		2.0510
4-hydroxy-1-[1-oxo-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310peptide
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-ylmethyl)-2-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1310dimethoxybenzene
3-acetyl-6-methyl-1H-quinolin-4-one
[no description available]		2.1310quinolines
benzatropine methanesulfonate
benzatropine mesylate : The methanesulfonate salt of benzatropine. An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		2.4420
sb 203186
[no description available]		2.0310indolyl carboxylic acid
n-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-n'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea
N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea: a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. 1-(1-methylindol-5-yl)-3-(3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl)urea : A member of ther class of ureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens has been replaced by an N-methylindol-5-yl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen has been replaced by a 3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl group. It is a potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor.		2.44201,2-thiazoles;
indoles;
ureas		receptor modulator;
serotonergic antagonist
3-(phenylthio)-1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-propanone
[no description available]		2.1310aryl sulfide
gw 7647
GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source. GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group.		2.4420aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
ureas		PPARalpha agonist
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		2.1310organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
ro 41-0960
[no description available]		2.4420
cgp 13501
CGP 13501: structure in first source		2.0310alkylbenzene
n-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide
N-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide: dopamine D4 ligand; structure in first source		2.4420
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		2.0510organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
l 663536
MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.		2.0510aryl sulfide;
indoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist
brl 15572
3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol : An N-alkylpiperazine that is 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine carrying a 3,3-diphenyl-2-hydroxyprop-1-yl group at position 4. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types.		2.4420monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol		geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
mrs 1523
2,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist		2.4420
N-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-9b-phenyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoindole-1-carboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310imidazolidines
Anthraniloyllycoctonine
[no description available]		2.1310diterpene alkaloid
or486
OR486: structure given in first source		2.0310
fg 9041
FG 9041: structure given in first source		2.4420quinoxaline derivative
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		3.3711
iik7
IIK7: structure in first source		2.0310
sb 415286
3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.4420C-nitro compound;
maleimides;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
dm 235
DM 235: structure in first source		2.4420
jhw 015
[no description available]		2.4420indolecarboxamide
bw 723c86
[no description available]		2.4420tryptamines
sc 560
SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.		2.4420aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
N-[4-[(cyclohexylamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic amide
sc-19220
[no description available]		2.0310aromatic ether
le 300
[no description available]		2.4420indoles
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.4160triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flosequinan
[no description available]		2.4420quinolines
1-[3-[[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-4-methoxyphenyl]-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310harmala alkaloid
ly 367265
LY 367265: a 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter inhibitor; a 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist; structure in first source. LY-367,265 : A fluoroindole that is 1H-indole in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 6 are replaced by 1-[2-(2,2-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-2lambda(6)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[4,3,2-ij]quinolin-1(2H)-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (Ki = 2.3 nM) and an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor (Ki = 0.81 nM).		2.4420dihydropyridine;
fluoroindole;
tertiary amino compound;
thiadiazoloquinoline		antidepressant;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		4.41602-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
alsterpaullone
alsterpaullone: structure in first source. alsterpaullone : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one which shares its 4-5 bond with the 3-2 bond of 5-nitro-1H-indole.		2.0510C-nitro compound;
caprolactams;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		anti-HIV-1 agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor
diclofenac sodium
Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac.		2.4720organic sodium salt
cgp 7930
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenol: structure in first source		2.4420alkylbenzene
1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1h-pyrazole
4,4',4''-(4-propylpyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol : A pyrazole that is 1H-pyrazole bearing three 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5 as well as a propyl substituent at position 4. Potent, subtype-selective estrogen receptor agonist (EC50 ~ 200 pM); displays 410-fold selectivity for ERalpha over ERbeta. Prevents ovariectomy-induced weight gain and loss of bone mineral density, and induces gene expression in the hypothalamus following systemic administration in vivo.		2.4420phenols;
pyrazoles		estrogen receptor agonist
sib 1757
SIB 1757: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source		2.4420
sq 109
N-geranyl-N'-(2-adamantyl)ethane-1,2-diamine: has antitubercular activity		3.5110
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		2.4120sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		3.31607-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		5.0391prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.7330monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
biochanin a
[no description available]		2.48204'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
prostaglandin b1
prostaglandin Bx: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; polymeric derivative of diketo-PGB1; mean MW 2,200. prostaglandin B1 : A member of the class of prostaglandins B that is prosta-8(12),13-dien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 9 and 15 respectively (the 13E,15S-stereoisomer).		2.1310prostaglandins Bhuman metabolite
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		4.0840trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin
[no description available]		2.03103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		4.4260D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
scopoletin
[no description available]		2.4920hydroxycoumarinplant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		2.0110
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		3.8221carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
hymecromone
Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.		2.1310hydroxycoumarinantineoplastic agent;
hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
daphnetin
[no description available]		2.4420hydroxycoumarin
alprostadil
[no description available]		4.2350prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		3.6120hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		7.5320D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
prostaglandin f1
prostaglandin F1: was EN to PROSTAGLANDINS F (75-81); RN given refers to (9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer		2.1310prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.74307-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		5.1880antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		4.6961oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		10.4721511beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		3.8730
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.4160dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		5.46110aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium
Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.		3.5820isoquinolines
timolol maleate
(S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid.		2.7530maleate saltanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
brompheniramine maleate
brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.9840maleate saltanti-allergic agent
chlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
clemastine fumarate
clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		2.4420fumarate saltanti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
dexchlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
olopatadine
[no description available]		2.0210
methylergonovine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420ergoline alkaloidgeroprotector
hemabate
carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.		3.2310
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.8730carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
bw b1090u
[no description available]		2.0210isoquinolines
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		4.41602-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol
[no description available]		4.0840hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane		antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		2.7430carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
harman
harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.		2.4420harmala alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
usambarensine
usambarensine: structure given in first source		2.0510harmala alkaloid
esculetin
esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.		2.1310hydroxycoumarinantioxidant;
plant metabolite;
ultraviolet filter
zearalenone
Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.		2.1310macrolide;
resorcinols		fungal metabolite;
mycoestrogen
chrysin
chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.		2.04107-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
diosmin
[no description available]		2.0510dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant
morin
morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.		2.74307-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
myricetin
[no description available]		2.76307-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
coumestrol
Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.		2.0710coumestans;
delta-lactone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
daidzein
[no description available]		2.46207-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
cynarine
cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent		2.4620alkyl caffeate ester;
quinic acid		plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester
phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.		2.4420alkyl caffeate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
rosmarinic acid
rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.		3.2710rosmarinic acidgeroprotector;
plant metabolite
rottlerin
rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.		2.4420aromatic ketone;
benzenetriol;
chromenol;
enone;
methyl ketone		anti-allergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
K-ATP channel agonist;
metabolite
flupenthixol
cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.		2.7430flupenthixoldopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833
valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215		2.7530homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide
17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.07103-hydroxy steroid;
steroid glucosiduronic acid
l 660,711
[no description available]		4.2850quinolines
estriol 17-glucuronide
[no description available]		2.1310steroid saponin
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		2.0510ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
tectochrysin
tectochrysin: structure in first source. tectochrysin : A monohydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively.		3.5110monohydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		antidiarrhoeal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
n-oleoyldopamine
N-oleoyldopamine: putative capsaicin receptor ligand; produces hyperalgesia; isolated from the brain. N-oleoyldopamine : A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the amino group of dopamine. Synthesised in catecholaminergic neurons, it crosses the blood-brain barrier and might be considered as a carrier of dopamine into the brain. It is a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist.		2.4420catechols;
fatty amide;
N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine;
secondary carboxamide		TRPV1 agonist
lafutidine
lafutidine: structure given in first source		6.275organic molecular entity
cilnidipine
[no description available]		2.07102-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug
pheniramine maleate
Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution		2.4420organic molecular entity
gefarnate
Gefarnate: A water insoluble terpene fatty acid used in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers; it facilitates the healing and function of mucosal tissue.		5.3322organic molecular entity
sorivudine
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
plaunotol
plaunotol: RN refers to (Z,E,E)-isomer. plaunotol : A diterpenoid that is geranylgeraniol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 18.		11.6463diterpenoid;
primary alcohol		anti-ulcer drug;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
vulnerary
geranylgeranylacetone
geranylgeranylacetone: structure in first source; RN given refers to isomeric cpd without isomeric designation; mixture of (5E,9E,13E) & (5Z,9E,13E)-isomers. teprenone : A terpene ketone in which a (9E,13E)-geranylgernayl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone (it is a mixture of 5E- and 5Z-geoisomers in a 3:2 ratio).		3.7921
sofalcone
sofalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is benzene in which the hydrogens at positions 1,2 and 5 are replaced by carboxymethoxy, (1E)-1-{4-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy]phenyl}-3-oxoprop-1-en-3-yl, and (3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)oxy groups, respectively. It is a gastrointestinal drug currently used for treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcers in Japan and South Korea.		7.420aromatic ether;
chalcones;
monocarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
antibacterial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
plant metabolite
travoprost
Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
prostaglandin receptor agonist
tranilast
tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.		3.3160amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
dimethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
calcium channel blocker;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		3.5620cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha
8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.		2.4320F2-isoprostanebiomarker;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
trimipramine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420maleate saltantidepressant
4-hydroxyestradiol
4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.		2.13104-hydroxy steroidmetabolite
menatetrenone
menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.		2.1310menaquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
bone density conservation agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
imipenem
[no description available]		2.0810carbapenems
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		2.7430enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		4.5470retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
misoprostol
Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.		7.79123
xylometazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
flunarizine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420diarylmethane
ketotifen fumarate
ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.		2.9840organoammonium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
epoprostenol
[no description available]		3.5620prostaglandins Imouse metabolite
indocyanine green
[no description available]		3.85301,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
dinoprost tromethamine
[no description available]		2.5120organic molecular entity
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.0510cinnamic acids
triprolidine
Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		3.5920N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin
pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.		3.8730cyclopropanes;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolines;
statin (synthetic)		antioxidant
rosuvastatin calcium
S 4522: structure in first source		2.0810N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine;
organic calcium salt		anti-inflammatory agent;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor
terbinafine hydrochloride
terbinafine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.		2.0810allylamine antifungal drug;
hydrochloride		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol.		2.4420hydrochloridegeroprotector
ethamolin
monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma		3.2310long-chain fatty acid
betamethasone benzoate
[no description available]		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
hydrocortisone valerate
hydrocortisone valerate: used in treatment of atopic dermatitis; RN given refers to 11beta-isomer		2.1310cortisol ester;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
valerate ester
alatrofloxacin mesylate
[no description available]		3.5920
16,16-dimethylprostaglandin e2
16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.. 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 in which both of the hydrogens at position 16 have been replaced by methyl groups. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E2, it is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors. It also protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers.		1.9810cyclopentanones;
monocarboxylic acid;
prostanoid;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-ulcer drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
radiation protective agent
prostaglandin f2 methyl ester
prostaglandin F2 methyl ester: has ocular hypotensive effect; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15S)-isomer		2.1310prostanoid
n-arachidonylglycine
N-arachidonylglycine: structure in first source. N-arachidonoylglycine : Biologically active derivative of anandamide		2.4420fatty amide;
N-acylglycine
n-oleoylethanolamine
N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.		2.4420endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-acylethanolamine 18:1		EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
2-bromoergocryptine mesylate
[no description available]		2.1310
codeine
[no description available]		4.85100morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		5.55120homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
perhexiline maleate
[no description available]		2.1310
phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530organic molecular entity
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		2.4720hydrochloride
natamycin
[no description available]		2.4720antibiotic antifungal drug;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
ophthalmology drug
mepyramine maleate
histosol: proprietary mixture of synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons forming an extremely nonpolar organic solvent		2.7530
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		3.8730acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
acrivastine
acrivastine: a second generation antihistamine. acrivastine : A member of the class of pyridines that is (pyridin-2-yl)acrylic acid substituted at position 6 by a [(1E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a non-sedating antihistamine used for treatment of hayfever, urticaria, and rhinitis.		2.0510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
dihydrocodeine
dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.4620morphinane alkaloid
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.4120sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dothiepin
[no description available]		2.0510dothiepin
estropipate
estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients		3.2310piperazinium salt;
steroid sulfate
ethisterone
Ethisterone: 17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.. ethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol.		2.131017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		drug metabolite;
progestin
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		4.0640morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		4.140pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ly 163892
loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.		4.0740carbacephem;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
nabilone
nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310
nalmefene
nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer		3.1550morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine
Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.		2.0510morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		4.94110morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		4.0840organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
oxymorphone
Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)		3.5920morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		3.2310phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
proscillaridin
Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).		2.0310organic molecular entity
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		4.6240antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		4.4160cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride
trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		3.2310
6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol
6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 6alpha-hydroxy substituent.		2.13106alpha-hydroxy steroid
gamma-cyclodextrin
gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.		2.1510cyclodextrin
brefeldin a
[no description available]		2.4420macrolide antibioticPenicillium metabolite
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		2.4520dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol
seocalcitol: structure given in first source		2.0510
fenretinide
Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.		2.9740monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
topiroxostat
FYX-051: xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor		3.5110
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor
calcipotriene
[no description available]		2.0210cyclopropanes;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antipsoriatic;
drug allergen
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		4.85100morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
demycarosylturimycin h
[no description available]		2.4720
su 9516
[no description available]		2.0510
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. arotinoid acid : A retinoid that consists of benzoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a synthetic retinoid that acts as a selective agonist for the retinoic acid receptors (RAR).		2.4420benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
teratogenic agent
l-2-(carboxypropyl)glycine
[no description available]		2.0310
4-aminocrotonic acid
[no description available]		2.0310
acipimox
acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor		2.0810pyrazinecarboxylic acid
atosiban
[no description available]		2.0810oligopeptide
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		3.2310amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
cicaprost
cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R*,4R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer		2.0410monoterpenoid
clobetasol
Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
SMO receptor agonist
denopamine
denopamine: structure given in first source		2.0310dimethoxybenzene
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
desoximetasone
Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		3.5820medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
fluticasone
Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.		2.723011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
thioester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		3.2310organic molecular entity
halobetasol
halobetasol: used in ointment to treat psoriasis; Ulobetasol cream contains 0.05% 6-fluoroclobetasol 17-propionate		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.7530carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
l 655,708
[no description available]		2.4420
lacidipine
[no description available]		2.4720cinnamate ester;
tert-butyl ester
latanoprost
Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.4520isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha;
triol		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
prodrug
enprostil
Enprostil: A synthetic PGE2 analog that has an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion, a mucoprotective effect, and a postprandial lowering effect on gastrin. It has been shown to be efficient and safe in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers.		6.9910
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		2.1310cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
ml 10302
2-piperidinoethyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate: structure in first source		2.0510
nalbuphine
Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.		4.3960organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
ro 41-1049
Ro 41-1049: structure given in first source		2.0310
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.2650phenylalanine derivative
rimexolone
[no description available]		2.412020-oxo steroid
sb 200646a
[no description available]		2.4420
seglitide
seglitide: more potent than somatostatin for inhibition of insulin, glucagon & growth hormone release; used experimentally in treatment of Alzheimer's disease; somatostatin receptor antagonist		2.4420
sib 1893
SIB 1893: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source		2.0310
sulfenamide
sulfenamide: structure in first source		2.0810
u-44619
thromboxane A2 agonist : An agonist that binds to and activates thromboxane A2 receptors.		2.1310
vinorelbine
[no description available]		4.460acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
zuclopenthixol
zuclopenthixol : The (Z)-isomer of clopenthixol.		210clopenthixolalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
silodosin
silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310indolecarboxamide
su 6656
SU 6656: a c-Src kinase inhibitor; used to probe growth signaling; structure in first source. SU6656 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which the hydrogeh at position 5 has been replaced by a dimethylaminosulfonyl group and in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indol-2-yl group. It is a specific inhibitor of Src family kinase.		2.4420
licochalcone a
licochalcone A: has both anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities; structure given in first source; isolated from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata; RN given refers to (E)-isomer		2.0510chalcones
furazolidone
[no description available]		2.4920
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		7.49114(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ag 538
AG 538: an IGF-1 receptor kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
tyrphostin ag 555
[no description available]		2.7530
tyrphostin ag-494
AG 494: tyrphostin that blocks Cdk2 activation; structure in first source		2.0310
tyrphostin b44
tyrphostin B44: inhibits protein kinases; an analog of tyrphostin B46; B44(+) is B50, and is the stereoisomer of B44(-)		2.4420
ag-490
[no description available]		2.4420catechols;
enamide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
STAT3 inhibitor
ag 112
[no description available]		2.4420
ag 183
AG 183: structure given in first source		2.4420
bosutinib
4-((2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)-3-quinolinecarbonitrile: a Src kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		10.9721aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
N-methylpiperazine;
nitrile;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
semaxinib
semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.		2.7430olefinic compound;
oxindoles;
pyrroles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib
orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.		2.0510
su 11248
[no description available]		4.2220monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310
nifuroxazide
nifuroxazide: structure		2.1310benzoic acids
7-hydroxycoumarin-4-acetic acid
7-hydroxycoumarin-4-acetic acid: pH-indicator dye; structure in first source		2.1310
stilbamidine
stilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510
romidepsin
depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.		2.0410cyclodepsipeptide;
heterocyclic antibiotic;
organic disulfide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist. 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group.		2.4420monochlorobenzenes;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
bay 11-7085
BAY11-7085 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [(E)-2-cyanoethenyl]sulfonyl and tert-butyl groups at position 1 and 4, respectively. It is an irreversible inhibitor of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells (IC50 = 10 muM) and prevents the activation of NF-kappaB.		2.4420benzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
bw b70c
BW B70C: arachidonic acid antagonist. BW B70C : A hydroxamic acid that is urea in which both the hydrogens attached to one of the nitrogens are replaced by a hydroxy and a (1E)-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl]but-1-en-3-yl group. A selective inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, it can be used for the treatment of asthma.		2.0510aromatic ether;
hydroxamic acid;
organofluorine compound;
ureas		EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		4.85100dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
molsidomine
[no description available]		2.9840ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
diamide
Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.		2.03101,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
oxiconazole
oxiconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer; structure given in first source. oxiconazole : An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.4420conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
oxime O-ether		antiinfective agent
rg 13022
RG 13022: structure given in first source		2.1310
5,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin
[no description available]		2.1310hydroxycoumarin
styrylquinoline
styrylquinoline: structure in first source		2.13102-styrylquinoline
nomifensine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420
levorphanol
Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.		3.2310morphinane alkaloid
bismuth
Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.		12.974231metal atom;
pnictogen
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		4.5370cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide
morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.0410morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		4.66806-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
nalbuphine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochloride
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		4.4160morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefodizime
cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.46201,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone
methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer		2.0410phenanthrenes
cefixime
[no description available]		4.7690cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.94110dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril
benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		3.8530benzazepine;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
lactam		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		4.2650azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
verteporfin
(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.		3.2310
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		4.7690dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
zimeldine
Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)		3.2310styrenes
kavain
[no description available]		2.1310racemateglycine receptor antagonist
piperic acid
piperinic acid: from Piper longum; structure in first source. (E,E)-piperic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (E)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from black pepper (Piper nigrum).		2.0510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
benzodioxoles		plant metabolite
isoalloxazine
isoalloxazine: structure		2.0310benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
7-hydroxymethotrexate
[no description available]		3.4111folic acids
3,3',4,5'-tetramethoxy-trans-stilbene
(E)-3,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene: from the leaves of Eugenia rigida; structure in first source		3.5110
enalapril maleate
enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.		2.7830maleate saltantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		4.6780dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
trimebutine maleate salt
[no description available]		2.1310trihydroxybenzoic acid
vinblastine sulfate
[no description available]		2.7530
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		2.1310
3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1-benzopyran-4-one
[no description available]		2.1310isoflavones
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		2.0510
trientine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.2310
(2R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutyl]amino]-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-(2,4-dioxo-1-pyrimidinyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanyl]acetic acid
[no description available]		2.1310peptide
n-methylscopolamine bromide
scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.		3.8730
deoxyribose
[no description available]		2.0310deoxypentosehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bleomycin
[no description available]		3.5920bleomycinantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.0810cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
thallium-201
thallium-201 : The radioactive isotope of thallium with relative atomic mass 200.9708 and half-life of 72.912 hours.		2.2110thallium
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		8.4120monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
dextromethorphan hydrobromide
dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.		2.4420hydrate;
hydrobromide
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		4.5570dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
naloxone hydrochloride
naloxone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of naloxone and hydrogen chloride. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		2.0310hydrochlorideantidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
imidapril
imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.		2.0510dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
s-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid
farnesylthiosalicylic acid: structure in first source		2.4420sesquiterpenoid
sulindac sulfone
sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.		2.7330monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
ximelagatran
ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.		3.5920amidoxime;
azetidines;
carboxamide;
ethyl ester;
hydroxylamines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
prodrug;
serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime
[no description available]		4.54703-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin;
furans;
oxime O-ether		drug allergen
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		4.861001,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.2550cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
hr 810
cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.0410cephalosporin;
cyclopentapyridine
pafuramidine
pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine		3.2310
ceftazidime
[no description available]		4.0640cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
trandolapril
trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.4160dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
naltrexone hydrochloride
naltrexone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. it is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist that is used to treat alcohol dependence.		2.7530hydrochlorideantidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		3.6120gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
cefetamet
cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.		2.7430cephalosporin
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		3.6120peptide
oxyfedrine
Oxyfedrine: A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent.		2.4620aromatic ketone
aliskiren
aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene		antihypertensive agent
guanabenz acetate
[no description available]		2.9740dichlorobenzenegeroprotector
guanabenz
Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.9540dichlorobenzene
nylidrin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530alkylbenzene
triprolidine hydrochloride anhydrous
triprolidine hydrochloride (anh.) : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of triprolidine and hydrogen chloride. Its monohydrate is used for the symptomatic relief of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		2.7530hydrochlorideH1-receptor antagonist
phentolamine
[no description available]		2.1310
famotidine
[no description available]		5.021201,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
fenoterol
fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.0310hydrobromidebeta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
fendiline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
tiapridex
Tiapride Hydrochloride: A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist.		2.4720benzamides
quipazine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420
n-(2-aminoethyl)-4-chlorobenzamide hydrochloride
Ro 16-6491: structure given in first source		2.0310
nab-365
clenbuterol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of clenbuterol.		2.1310hydrochloridebeta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
tulobuterol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
hp 029
[no description available]		2.4420
dithiazanine iodide
[no description available]		2.1310benzothiazoles;
organic iodide salt		anthelminthic drug;
fluorochrome
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		4.4601,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
aztreonam
[no description available]		4.7690beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
monobactam		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
n,n,n-trimethyl-1-(4-stilbenoxy)-2-propylammonium iodide
[no description available]		2.0310
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2		2.4420naphthalenes
nf023
[no description available]		2.0310
nf 449
[no description available]		2.4420
ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.		2.0310ammonium salt;
inorganic sulfate salt		fertilizer
(R)-citalopram
(R)-citalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has R-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the inactive enantiomer of citalopram.		2.03101-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile
7-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine
[no description available]		2.4420
gr 46611
GR 46611: known to lower body temperature in guinea pigs		2.0310
proguanil
Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.		3.8930biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
cci 15641
[no description available]		2.7430cephalosporin
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		2.4720acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		2.4520
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		2.110chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, drug combination
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone drug combination: antacid contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone; mylanta II contains aluminum/magnesium hydroxide mixture		3.3611
cefpodoxime
[no description available]		3.5620carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
palonosetron
Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		3.5820azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
epoprostenol sodium
[no description available]		2.0510prostanoid
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0810fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
diacetylmonoxime
diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.		2.0310
cefatrizine
Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.		3.1550amino acid amide;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
phenols;
semisynthetic derivative;
triazoles		antibacterial drug;
EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
sinequan
[no description available]		2.1310dibenzooxazepine
homatropine hydrobromide, (endo-(+-)-isomer)
[no description available]		2.4420
buflomedil hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic ketone
vancomycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
moxisylyte hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4720monoterpenoid
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		2.7830maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
eniporide
eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source		2.0410
robenacoxib
robenacoxib: an NSAID, COX-2 inhibitor, and analgesic. robenacoxib : An aromatic amino acid that is 2-amino-5-ethylphenylacetic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl group. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor that is used in veterinary medicine for the relief of pain and inflammation in cats and dogs.		3.4811aromatic amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
phenylacetic acids;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate
beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate: RN given refers to unspecified fumarate		2.0310
dexbrompheniramine maleate
dexbrompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of the (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.0810brompheniramine maleateanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
mg 624
triethyl-(beta-4-stilbenoxyethyl)ammonium: inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptors; structure in first source		2.0510
flupirtine
[no description available]		2.4420
cilastatin
[no description available]		2.4520carboxamide;
L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
zimelidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
rifaximin
[no description available]		3.6120acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
pd 136450
PD 136450: gastrin receptor antagonist; dipeptoid which resembles the carboxy-terminal moiety of gastrin		2.4420
everolimus
[no description available]		3.6120cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
ixabepilone
[no description available]		3.86301,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione, (17z)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
su 4312
SU4312 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a p-(dimethylamino)phenyl group. SU 4312 is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor protein tyrosine kinase 1/2 and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor inhibitor. It also inhibits the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and exhibits neuroprotection against NO-mediated neurotoxicity.		2.4420
rilpivirine
[no description available]		3.5110aminopyrimidine;
nitrile		EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
dirithromycin
[no description available]		2.4620macrolide antibioticprodrug
nifuroxime
5-nitro-2-furaldehyde oxime: structure in first source		2.0510
azlocillin
Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.		2.9740penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
verlukast
verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist		2.4620
gw 1929
GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source		2.4420benzophenones
cefpodoxime proxetil
cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.		2.7430carboxylic acid;
carboxylic ester;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug;
prodrug
ceftizoxime
[no description available]		4.2550cephalosporinantibacterial drug
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide
[no description available]		3.8530ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide		serotonergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam
carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.		2.0410monobactamantibacterial drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.5120
homochlorocyclizine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
butoxamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
scopolamine hydrobromide
scopolamine hydrobromide (anhydrous) : A hydrobromide that is obtained by reaction of scopolamine with hydrogen bromide.		2.1310
protriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochlorideantidepressant
emetine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
n(4)-chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
[no description available]		2.0310
n-(3-(cyclohexylidene-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl))phenyl)ethanesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.4420
n-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide
N-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide: has anticonvulsant activity; structure in first source		2.0310
cb 34
CB 34: ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors; structure in first source		2.0310
b 43
RK-24466 : A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by amino, 4-phenoxyphenyl, and cyclopentyl groups at positions 4, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of Lck that inhibits Lck (64-509) and LckCD isoforms (IC50 of less than 1 and 2 nM, respectively).		2.4420aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
cyclopentanes;
primary amino compound;
pyrrolopyrimidine		EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
(8R)-7-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol
[no description available]		2.0310aporphine alkaloid
(8R)-7-propyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol
[no description available]		2.0310aporphine alkaloid
3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane
3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane: structure in first source		2.0310
2-(3,3-diphenylpropylamino)acetamide
[no description available]		2.4420diarylmethane
4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide
4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide: structure given in first source		2.0310
gw2974
GW2974: quinazoline derivative, which is able to block the activation of both the EGFR and erbB2		2.0310pyridopyrimidine
l 162313
L 162313: a biphenylimidazole derivative; a non-peptide angiotensin agonist; no further information available 2/95		2.4420
l-165041
4-(3-(2-propyl-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl)phenoxy)propyloxyphenoxy acetic acid: a PPAR-delta agonist has regulatory effects on a variety of adipokines, and these effects might explain some of their metabolic function.		2.0310aromatic ketone
mrs 1754
[no description available]		2.0310oxopurine
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.		2.0310nitroso compound;
nitrosothio compound		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
pd 404182
[no description available]		2.0310
5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen
5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen: structure in first source. psora 4 : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a 4-phenylbutoxy group at position 5. It is a potent inhibitor of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 (EC50 = 3 nM).		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzenes;
psoralens		geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
potassium channel blocker
sb 222200
[no description available]		2.4420quinolines
dantrolene sodium
dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.		2.7430
cr 2945
CR 2945: a member of non-peptide CCKB receptor antagonist		2.4420
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		4.93110imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
sb 218795
SB 218795: structure in first source		2.4420quinolines
dihydroceramide
N-acetylsphinganine : A dihydroceramide in which the ceramide acyl group is specified as acetyl.		2.0310N-acylsphinganine
n-octanoylsphinganine
N-octanoylsphinganine: structure in first source. N-octanoyldihydrosphingosine : A dihydroceramide in which the N-acyl group is specified as octanoyl.		1.9910N-acylsphinganine
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		2.7230nitrofuran antibiotic
epinephrine bitartrate
[no description available]		2.7530
bicuculline methobromide
[no description available]		2.7530
6 beta-hydroxycortisol
6 beta-hydroxycortisol: RN given refers to the (6beta,11beta)-isomer; see also record for 6 alpha-hydrocortisol. 6beta-hydroxycortisol : A C21-steroid that is cortisol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. In humans, it is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.		10.234311beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
6beta-hydroxy steroid;
C21-steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mammalian metabolite;
probe
butylscopolammonium bromide
Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.		2.7630
androst-16-en-3-one
androst-16-en-3-one: boar taint steroid; RN given refers to (5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one : An androstanoid that is 5alpha-androst-16-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. It is a steroid pheromone found in high concentrations in the saliva of male pigs,.		2.13103-oxo steroid;
androstanoid		mammalian metabolite;
pheromone
butaclamol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
dihydroouabain
[no description available]		2.1310cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
LSM-6455
[no description available]		2.1310peptide ergot alkaloid
estradiol 17-acetate
[no description available]		2.1310steroid ester
morphinans
Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.		2.0310isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
morphinane alkaloid
eritoran
eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.		2.0410lipid As
dantrolene
[no description available]		3.8430
roxithromycin
(E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.		2.7630roxithromycinenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cefdinir
[no description available]		3.6120cephalosporin;
ketoxime		antibacterial drug
etonogestrel
[no description available]		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin
a 38503
[no description available]		2.4420
bisoprolol, fumarate (1:1) salt
[no description available]		2.4720
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310
sk&f 89976-a
[no description available]		2.0310
cv 1808
2-phenylaminoadenosine: has coronary & cardiohemodynamic effects		2.4420purine nucleoside
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		2.7530artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
beraprost
beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.		2.4220enyne;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
lanreotide
[no description available]		2.0510
etoposide phosphate
[no description available]		2.0810furonaphthodioxole
dexniguldipine
niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance		2.0410diarylmethane
ciclesonide
ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis		2.0810organic molecular entity
sitafloxacin
sitafloxacin: structure in first source		9.7432
napsagatran
napsagatran: structure given in first source		2.0410
temsirolimus
[no description available]		3.8730macrolide lactam
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		3.8630(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
tekturna
[no description available]		2.0810fumarate saltantihypertensive agent
isavuconazole
isavuconazole : A 1,3-thiazole that is butan-2-ol which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 3 by 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, and 4-(p-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl groups, respectively. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis.		3.51101,3-thiazoles;
conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor;
orphan drug
lu 208075
ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension		3.5920diarylmethane
bms188797
[no description available]		2.0410
bibx 1382bs
BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001		3.2310substituted aniline
vildagliptin
[no description available]		2.0810amino acid amide
indacaterol
indacaterol: a beta2 adrenoceptor agonist; indacaterol is the (R)-isomer; structure in first source. indacaterol : A monohydroxyquinoline that consists of 5-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-8-hydroxyquinolin-2-one having a 5,6-diethylindan-2-yl group attached to the amino function. Used as the maleate salt for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		2.0810indanes;
monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent
fesoterodine
fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder		3.2310diarylmethane
acetylcarnitine
O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.		2.0510O-acetylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
(3aR,6aR)-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-[oxo(2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-3a,6a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-4,6-dione
[no description available]		2.1310pyrrolidines
shu 508
SHU 508: intravenous saccharide echo contrast agent with transpulmonary capacity for left heart contrast; appears in Japanese literature as SH/TA-508		2.0310
hypericum
Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.		2.0110penicillanic acids
sgd 301-76
[no description available]		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt		antiinfective agent
fluvoxamine maleate
[no description available]		2.7430(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
thioacetazone
Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.		2.0810
s 1743
Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.		17.7210833magnesium saltanti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
azimilide
azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride		2.0410imidazolidine-2,4-dione
chlorproguanil
chlorproguanil: dichloro-derivative of chloroguanide; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510dichlorobenzene
nifurtoinol
nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.0510hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin
Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.		3.57201,8-naphthyridine derivative;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.		17.667436benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
gemifloxacin mesylate
gemifloxacin mesylate : The mesylate salt of gemifloxacin.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
naloxone benzoylhydrazone
[no description available]		2.4420
fosinopril
[no description available]		3.8530
armodafinil
armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.		3.23102-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamidecentral nervous system stimulant;
eugeroic
2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride
2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by reaction of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.		2.4420hydrochlorideanxiolytic drug;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
amiprilose
[no description available]		2.0310
(R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride
(R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (R)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ro 8-4304
[no description available]		2.0510
5-hydroxylansoprazole
5-hydroxylansoprazole: structure in first source		10.6292
eflucimibe
eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor		2.0510
ag-041r
AG-041R: structure in first source		1.9910
tomopenem
[no description available]		2.4520
timcodar
timcodar: a mutlidrug resistance inhibitor; structure in first source		3.5110
norfenfluramine
Dexnorfenfluramine: D-isomer of Norfenfluramine		2.0310amphetamines
3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-3-hydroxyquinuclidine
3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-3-hydroxyquinuclidine: structure given in first source		3.2710
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		3.620oligopeptide
tapentadol
Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.		3.2310alkylbenzene
etomoxir
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether
bb-83698
BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor		2.0410
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		11.9183organic molecular entity
desmethylselegiline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
3-morpholino-sydnonimine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		5.13101aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
cefditoren
cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
ticagrelor
Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.		2.0810aryl sulfide;
hydroxyether;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
triazolopyrimidines		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
t 1032
T 1032: a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.4420
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		2.5420aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
zotarolimus
zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source		2.0410lactam;
macrolide
qx-314 bromide
[no description available]		2.0310
(S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride
(S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (S)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
dapagliflozin
[no description available]		7.2510aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
sr 59230a
3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-ylamino)-2-propanol oxalate: structure given in first source		2.4420
u 74389g
[no description available]		2.4420
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		3.1550
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
y 27632, dihydrochloride, (4(r)-trans)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
bn 52020
[no description available]		2.4520
n1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-n4,n4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide
N1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide: a potent, selective antimitotic agent against kinetoplastid parasites; structure in first source		2.0510
tivozanib
N-(2-chloro-4-((6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolyl)oxy)phenyl)-N'-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)urea: KNR-951 is the HCl, monohydrate salt; an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source		3.5110aromatic ether
hki 272
[no description available]		3.921nitrile;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
sb 203186
[no description available]		2.0510
tofacitinib
tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0810N-acylpiperidine;
nitrile;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antirheumatic drug;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
noscapine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
bpc 157
BPC 157: amino acid sequence given in first source; a 15-amino acid fragment of a gastric peptide, BPC, with hepatoprotective effects		710
a 77636
(1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol with hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 8.97 and < 5 for D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Displays anti-Parkinsonian activity following oral administration in vivo.		2.4420hydrochlorideantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
linaprazan
linaprazan: structure in first source		3.1310
cgp 20712a
CGP 20712A: structure given in first source; CGP 26505, a beta1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, is the (S)-isomer of CGP 20712A		2.4420
bismuth tripotassium dicitrate
bismuth tripotassium dicitrate: contains tripotassium di-citratobismuthate used in gastric & duodenal ulcer therapy; do not confuse with colloidal bismuth subnitrate		12.623425
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		3.6120aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		2.0510benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
levodopa methyl ester hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		6.3943
apixaban
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ether;
lactam;
piperidones;
pyrazolopyridine		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
benalfocin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
artenimol
artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)		2.0510
4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate
4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate: has antiparasitic activity; structure in first source		2.0510
edoxaban
edoxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is used (as its tosylate monohydrate) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.		2.1510chloropyridine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound;
thiazolopyridine		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
lu 19005
[no description available]		2.4420
ko 143
[no description available]		3.8930beta-carbolines;
tert-butyl ester
lansoprazole sulfone
[no description available]		12.852110
benoxathian hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
((2-n-butyl-6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-1-oxo-1h-inden-5-yl)oxy)acetic acid, (+)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
11-hydroxysugiol
11-hydroxysugiol : An abietane diterpenoid that is sugiol in which the hydrogen ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.1910abietane diterpenoid;
carbotricyclic compound;
catechols;
cyclic terpene ketone;
meroterpenoid		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
n-cyclopropyl adenosine-5'-carboxamide
[no description available]		2.0310
amg 009
AMG 009: an anti-inflammatory agent; structure in first source		2.0810
vinflunine
vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.		2.0510acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
cefotaxime sodium
[no description available]		2.7730organic sodium salt
baci-im
[no description available]		3.5920homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide;
zwitterion		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent
lactulose
Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.		210
regorafenib
[no description available]		3.5110(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
calpain inhibitor iii
calpain inhibitor III: potential anticataract drug		2.4420
n-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-2-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)propanamide
N-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl)-2-methyl-2-((5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)propanamide: MK-0364 is the (1S,2S)-isomer; a cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist; structure in first source		2.0810stilbenoid
bms 477118
[no description available]		3.2310adamantanes;
azabicycloalkane;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		4.0740nystatins
alogliptin
alogliptin: structure in first source. alogliptin : A piperidine that is 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine carrying additional 2-cyanobenzyl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used in the form of its benzoate salt for treatment of type 2 diabetes.		8.4811nitrile;
piperidines;
primary amino compound;
pyrimidines		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
GR 127935 hydrochloride
GR 127935 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of GR 127935 with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.		2.4420hydrochlorideserotonergic antagonist
mrs 1845
[no description available]		2.4420
apremilast
[no description available]		2.0810aromatic ether;
N-acetylarylamine;
phthalimides;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
sitagliptin phosphate
Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.		6.1232
milnacipran
[no description available]		3.5720acetamides
vindesine
[no description available]		2.0410
fostamatinib
fostamatinib: a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor, metabolized to R406		3.5110
ru 66647
telithromycin: a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis;		2.0310
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		2.0810
diflucortolone
Diflucortolone: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.		2.051021-hydroxy steroid
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
alaproclate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
ubenimex
[no description available]		2.4420peptide
3-chloroalanine hydrochloride, (l-ala)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
dsp 4 hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		2.7330benzoxazole
(2-(2',6'-dimethoxy)phenoxyethylamino)methylbenzodioxan hydrochloride
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine with one equivalent of hydrogen chloride. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.		2.4420hydrochloridealpha-adrenergic antagonist
2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
cirazoline monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
adtn
[no description available]		2.4420
apocodeine hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
2-hydroxyapomorphine, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0510
Dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310indoles
lilly 78335
[no description available]		2.4420
efaroxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
fenoldopam hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.4420
1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride
1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake (KD = 5.5 nM in rat striatal membranes).		2.4420hydrochloridedopamine uptake inhibitor
guvacine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.4420
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide, (r)-isomer,
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
1-(2-(4-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-indol-2-one
LY-310762 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reation of equimolar amount of LY-310762 with hydrogen chloride. A potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D (5-HT1D) receptor.		2.4420hydrochloridereceptor modulator;
serotonergic antagonist
4-iodoclonidine
[no description available]		2.4420
4-methylpyrazole monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
tele-methylhistamine
[no description available]		2.0310
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester, monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
octoclothepine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420
2-(n-phenethyl-n-propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
du 24565
[no description available]		2.4420
2-methoxyidazoxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide
N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide : A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (Ki values are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors respectively). May act as an antagonist in vivo, producing anti-Parkinsonian effects and antagonising the behavioral effects of cocaine.		2.0510hydrobromidedopamine agonist;
prodrug
ro 25-6981
[no description available]		2.4420
sk&f 77434
N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide : A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Selective dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (IC50 values are 19.7 and 2425 nM for binding to D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo.		2.4420hydrobromidedopamine agonist;
prodrug
3-[(6aR,9R,10aR)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-yl]-1,1-diethylurea
[no description available]		2.4420organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		4.2450
dactolisib
dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.		2.0810imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
pf 03491390
[no description available]		2.0510
demethylcantharidin
demethylcantharidin: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.4420
atropine sulfate
[no description available]		2.7430
1-deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
ag 2000
AG 2000: structure given in first source		2.940
deoxoartemisinin
deoxoartemisinin: structure given in first source		2.0510
rabeprazole sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
win 62577
[no description available]		2.4420
vonoprazan
1-(5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine: a proton pump inhibitor; structure in first source		14.984226pyrroles
amodiaquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9740
bisaramil
[no description available]		2.0410
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		3.6120polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
somatostatin
[no description available]		2.0810heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone
teicoplanin
teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.		2.4520
tannins
gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).		2.0510tannin
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		3.2310
ganirelix
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
gastrins
Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.		13.487341
teriparatide
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
iberiotoxin
[no description available]		2.110
salmon calcitonin
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone;
polypeptide		bone density conservation agent;
metabolite
ly-146032
[no description available]		4.0840heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin
[no description available]		2.0410carbohydrate acid derivative;
glycopeptide;
monosaccharide derivative;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt		3.2310polypeptide
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		2.5820
exenatide
[no description available]		3.2310
N-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyrazolyl]methyl]-2-(2-pyridinyl)ethanamine
[no description available]		2.1310pyrazoles;
ring assembly
warfarin sodium
warfarin sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin sodium. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.		2.0810
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		2.1510glycoside
quinine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4420hydrate
quercetin
[no description available]		2.4420
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		2.07101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
rv 538, (r-(r*,r*))-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1s-cis)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
bismuth subsalicylate
bismuth subsalicylate: bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient of Pepto-Bismol and in Kaopectate; used to treat nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea and other temporary discomforts of the stomach; used with Azoles and other drugs to treat Helicobacter. bismuth subsalicylate : A bismuth salt of salicylic acid.		6.5896
pravastatin sodium
pravastatin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.0810organic sodium salt;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug
alendronate sodium
[no description available]		2.0810
valproate sodium
Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent. sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid.. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid.		2.7430organic sodium saltgeroprotector
sl 80.0750
[no description available]		2.0810
lucifer yellow
lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt		2.0610organic lithium saltfluorochrome
chitosan
[no description available]		7.0710
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		4.2650organosulfonic acid
u 63557a
[no description available]		2.0310
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		2.69303',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
ampicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.1310organic sodium salt
cerivastatin sodium
cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
statin (synthetic)
penicillin g potassium
benzylpenicillin potassium : Organic potassium salt of benzylpenicillin.		2.1310organic potassium salt
clavulanate potassium
potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.		2.0810potassium saltantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefamandole nafate
[no description available]		2.0210organic sodium saltantibacterial drug;
prodrug
taurocholic acid, monosodium salt
[no description available]		2.4420bile salt
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		3.2310lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
cefmetazole sodium
cefmetazole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefmetazole.		2.0310organic sodium saltantimicrobial agent
piperacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.5120organic sodium salt
monensin
[no description available]		2.0510
cefoxitin sodium
[no description available]		2.1310organic molecular entity
sodium iothalamate
[no description available]		3.5920
nafcillin sodium
[no description available]		2.1310organic sodium salt
oxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4720organic sodium salt
raltegravir potassium
Raltegravir Potassium: A pyrrolidinone derivative and HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITOR that is used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS for the treatment of HIV INFECTION.		2.110
cefamandole nafate
cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole.		2.1310organic sodium saltantibacterial drug
sodium diatrizoate
histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		2.4920organic sodium salt;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
fusidate sodium
[no description available]		2.4420
methyl orange
methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds		7.0310
estrone sulfate, potassium salt
[no description available]		2.1310
cephapirin sodium
cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci.		2.0310cephalosporin;
organic sodium salt		antibacterial drug
sodium cephalothin
[no description available]		2.0310organic sodium salt
cefazolin sodium
cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.		2.9840organic sodium salt
5-hydroxydecanoic acid, monosodium salt
[no description available]		2.0310
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		3.5270
phenytoin sodium
[no description available]		2.0310
naproxen sodium
naproxen sodium : An organic sodium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of naproxen(1-) anions and sodium anions.		2.1310organic sodium saltantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cr 1409
lorglumide sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide sodium.		2.0310
azlocillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
cortisol succinate, sodium salt
hydrocortisone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; Synonyms Solu-Cortef & sopolcort H refer to Na salt		2.4420organic molecular entity
gdc 0449
HhAntag691: inhibits the hedgehog pathway and ABC transporters; has antineoplastic activity		3.5110benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfone		antineoplastic agent;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
SMO receptor antagonist;
teratogenic agent
ponatinib
[no description available]		10.0621(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
acetylenic compound;
benzamides;
imidazopyridazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
intrinsic factor
Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.		3.3711
quizartinib
[no description available]		8.5911benzoimidazothiazole;
isoxazoles;
morpholines;
phenylureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
necroptosis inhibitor
cetrorelix
cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.		3.5820oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
GnRH antagonist
incb-018424
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
mannans
[no description available]		2.0510
cobicistat
[no description available]		3.51101,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
ureas		P450 inhibitor
ixazomib
ixazomib: a proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708; structure in first source. ixazomib : A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.		2.1510benzamides;
boronic acids;
dichlorobenzene;
glycine derivative		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite;
orphan drug;
proteasome inhibitor
peptones
Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)		1.9710
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		9.751811
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		4.1960
alectinib
[no description available]		3.5110aromatic ketone;
morpholines;
nitrile;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
piperidines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		2.4920
butyrolactone i
butyrolactone I: selective inhibitor of cdk2 & cdc2 kinase; structure given in first source		2.0510butenolide
vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).		1.9910
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		2.0310
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		7.77113ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
raltegravir
[no description available]		3.23101,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		3.930carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		14.385232
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		2.7330
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		4.6680
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		6.47131
methacycline
Methacycline: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.. methacycline : A tetracycline that is the 6-methylene analogue of oxytetracycline, obtained by formal dehydration at position 6.		2.0310
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		6.5896monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		2.0510hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		6.62151benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex
roquinimex: structure in first source		2.7530aromatic amide
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		2.4920C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
meclocycline
[no description available]		2.0210
lfm a13
LFM-A13 : An enamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 2,5-dibromoaniline. It is a dual-function inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Polo-like kinases (PLK) that exhibits anticancer properties.		2.0310aromatic amide;
dibromobenzene;
enamide;
enol;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.21 (polo kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		4.77901,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		3.84110heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam
isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		3.1550benzothiazine;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antirheumatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		6.67161benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		3.5820
phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.		2.0510hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		3.8630sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
l 701324
L 701324: a glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0310quinolines
rolitetracycline
Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.		2.9940
sudoxicam
sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86)		2.0510
hispidin
hispidin: metabolite of Basidiomycete Polyporus hispidus. hispidin : Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus).		2.44202-pyranones;
catechols		antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
minocycline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7430
demeclocycline hydrochloride
demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		2.7530
tigecycline
[no description available]		4.0840
(S)-warfarin
(S)-warfarin : A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).		2.46204-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one
lornoxicam
lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.		2.7630heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		2.0610
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		5.2231
imbricatolic acid
imbricatolic acid: isolated from Araucaria araucana resin; structure in first source		2.4420
ajmaline
[no description available]		2.4320
fertinex
[no description available]		3.2310
glucagon-like peptide 2
Glucagon-Like Peptide 2: A 33-amino acid peptide derived from the C-terminal of PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. It stimulates intestinal mucosal growth and decreased apoptosis of ENTEROCYTES. GLP-2 enhances gastrointestinal function and plays an important role in nutrient homeostasis.		2.0210
peoniflorin
peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa		2.0310
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		3.1450
oxyntomodulin
Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.		2.0210
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		5.0931
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.		1.9910
exudates
Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)		3.8221
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		3.87302-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
chir 258
[no description available]		3.5110
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		5.231502-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
sepiapterin
sepiapterin: A substrate of sepiapterin reductase		2.0310sepiapterin
inosine
[no description available]		2.4920inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		3.5920folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
isoxanthopterin
[no description available]		2.0310dihydroxypteridine
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		7.13151cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		5.4180benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		4.0840dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		4.5470purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		4.951102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valtrex
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		4.0740L-valyl esterantiviral drug
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		4.6680piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		4.2450benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		3.14502-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
oxypurinol
Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.		2.0510pyrazolopyrimidinedrug metabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast
zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure		2.4420triazolopyrimidines
raltitrexed
[no description available]		2.4720N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil
vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.		4.2550imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
kf38789
KF38789: a non-carbohydrate low MW cpd that Inhibits P-selectin specific cell adhesion; structure in first source		2.1310
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		5.02120nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
citrovorum factor
[no description available]		3.6120tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin
5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.		4.4160formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		3.6120N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
thiolactomycin
thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source		2.4520
2,4-diaminohypoxanthine
2,4-diaminohypoxanthine: do not confuse abbreviation DAHP with various dehydro-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonic acid phosphates which also use DAHP; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310hydroxypyrimidine
alanosine
[no description available]		2.0510
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime: structure given in first source		2.0510benzenetriol
bl 4162a
anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.		3.5920imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		4.0840carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
norclozapine
norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.		2.0810dibenzodiazepine;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		delta-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
pralidoxime iodide
pralidoxime iodide : An organic iodide salt that has pralidoxime as the cation.		2.1310organic iodide salt;
pyridinium salt		cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		8.9330N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
tirapazamine
Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.		2.4520aromatic amine;
benzotriazines;
N-oxide		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		2.0810citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valganciclovir
Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.		3.2310L-valyl ester;
purines		antiviral drug;
prodrug
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		4.0840(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
phosphoramide;
triazoles		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
prodrug
tegaserod maleate
[no description available]		2.0810maleate saltserotonergic agonist
ceftobiprole
ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).		2.0410cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles		antimicrobial agent
rifabutin
[no description available]		4.6680
quazinone
[no description available]		2.0310
8-bromocyclic gmp, sodium salt
sodium 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : An organic sodium salt having 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate as the counterion. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.		2.4420organic sodium saltmuscle relaxant;
protein kinase G agonist
ag-879
AG-879: structure given in first source		2.4420
pralidoxime chloride
[no description available]		2.1310organic chloride salt;
pyridinium salt		cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
amg531
[no description available]		3.5110
eriochrome black t
[no description available]		7.2510
levomefolate calcium
levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.		3.2310organic calcium saltantidepressant
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		2.4620
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		2.0710
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		06.67171
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		06.67171
Esophageal Reflux
[description not available]		023.73430149
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		025.58208112
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		025.56755405
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.		125.73430149
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		122.58208112
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		127.56755405
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		06.0552
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		18.0552
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		08.13407
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		05.0590
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		05.0590
Parasite Infections
[description not available]		02.4620
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		05.14101
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		05.14101
Encephalitis, Polio
[description not available]		02.0610
Poliomyelitis
An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)		02.0610
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		02.110
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		02.110
Encephalitis, Venezuelan Equine
[description not available]		02.110
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		019.1819691
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		121.1819691
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		06.86380
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		04.551
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		16.551
Genetic Diseases
[description not available]		02.1510
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.		02.1510
Infections, Trichomonas
[description not available]		03.0910
Trichomonas Infections
Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.		03.0910
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.2110
Itching
[description not available]		03.8521
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		02.2110
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		03.8521
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		02.2510
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		02.2510
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		09.0140
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		16.0140
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.4110
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.		02.4110
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		06.4951
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		06.1452
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		09.7575
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		06.4951
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		06.1452
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		011.2362
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		09.7575
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		09.97129
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		014.97129
Behavior Disorder, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
[description not available]		02.3110
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
A disorder characterized by episodes of vigorous and often violent motor activity during REM sleep (SLEEP, REM). The affected individual may inflict self injury or harm others, and is difficult to awaken from this condition. Episodes are usually followed by a vivid recollection of a dream that is consistent with the aggressive behavior. This condition primarily affects adult males. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p393)		02.3110
Osteoarthritis of Knee
[description not available]		02.4110
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)		02.4110
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		04.05110
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		04.05110
Sore Throat
[description not available]		06.6754
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		012.88132
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).		06.6754
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		019.0516199
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		06.6943
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		121.0516199
Sarcopenia
Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.		02.4110
Bisphosphonate Osteonecrosis
[description not available]		02.4110
Esophagitis
INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.		019.9513780
Leishmania Infection
[description not available]		02.4110
Leishmaniasis
A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).		07.4110
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		014.376427
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		014.376427
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		08.44162
Anoxemia
[description not available]		02.4110
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		02.4110
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		02.4110
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		02.4110
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		011.74112
Esophagitis, Reflux
[description not available]		018.9813178
Esophagitis, Peptic
INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.		120.9813178
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		015.344314
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		06.8583
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		015.344314
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		03.9221
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		03.9221
Osteoporotic Fractures
Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.		03.3310
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		02.610
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		07.610
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		04.4841
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		04.4841
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		02.610
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic
[description not available]		02.610
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		02.610
Microscopic Colitis
[description not available]		05.79100
Colitis, Microscopic
A condition characterized by chronic watery DIARRHEA of unknown origin, a normal COLONOSCOPY but abnormal histopathology on BIOPSY. This syndrome was first described in 1980 by Read and associates. Subtypes include COLLAGENOUS COLITIS and LYMPHOCYTIC COLITIS. Both have similar clinical symptoms and are distinguishable only by histology.		05.79100
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		05.1280
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		08.4794
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		110.4794
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		011.8593
Hyponatremia
Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)		07.9830
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		010.08197
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		010.08197
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		07.7620
Asystole
[description not available]		07.5920
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		02.7620
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		02.5920
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.610
Congestive Ophthalmopathy
[description not available]		02.2110
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		02.7530
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		02.7530
Graves Ophthalmopathy
An autoimmune disorder of the EYE, occurring in patients with Graves disease. Subtypes include congestive (inflammation of the orbital connective tissue), myopathic (swelling and dysfunction of the extraocular muscles), and mixed congestive-myopathic ophthalmopathy.		02.2110
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		07.6344
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		07.6344
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		02.7730
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		02.7730
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome
[description not available]		03.1550
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		02.4820
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.		03.1550
Diseases of Immune System
[description not available]		02.2510
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head
[description not available]		02.2510
Immune System Diseases
Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.		02.2510
Adenomatous Polyps
Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		04.5511
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		05.8883
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		03.1440
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		05.8342
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		05.8342
Preterm Birth
[description not available]		02.2510
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).		14.2510
Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.		02.2510
Dystonia
An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)		02.2510
Cervical Dystonia
A common form of DYSTONIA due to involuntary sustained or spasmodic, repetitive muscle contractions in the neck region. According to the position of the twisted neck and head, cervical dystonia can be categorized as torticollis, laterocollis, retrocollis, and a combination of these abnormal postures.		02.2510
Torticollis
A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors.		02.2510
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		012.75296
Globus Hystericus
[description not available]		03.6411
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		04.8821
Hoarseness
An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice.		03.8721
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		04.8821
Peripheral Arterial Diseases
[description not available]		02.2510
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		02.2510
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.2510
Arterial Diseases, Carotid
[description not available]		02.2510
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		02.2510
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		02.2510
Carotid Artery Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.		02.2510
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.		02.2510
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		02.4520
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		03.0740
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		08.0740
Dysphagia
[description not available]		012.43105
Chronic Esophagitis, Eosinophilic
[description not available]		04.231
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.		07.43105
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Chronic ESOPHAGITIS characterized by esophageal mucosal EOSINOPHILIA. It is diagnosed when an increase in EOSINOPHILS are present over the entire esophagus. The reflux symptoms fail to respond to PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS treatment, unlike in GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. The symptoms are associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to food or inhalant allergens.		16.231
Alopecia Circumscripta
[description not available]		02.3110
Alopecia Areata
Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.		02.3110
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		05.1131
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		08.4273
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		08.4273
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		05.1131
Eosinophilia, Tropical
[description not available]		012.893425
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		03.91120
Enteritis
Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.		07.7830
Eosinophilia
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.		017.893425
Gastritis
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.		118.2210944
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		03.1710
Blood Loss, Postoperative
[description not available]		06.2462
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		08.42164
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		02.5920
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.3110
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		02.5920
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		04.8721
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		04.8721
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis
[description not available]		02.3110
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute
Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.		02.3110
Metaplasia
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.		05.5892
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		04.9142
Gastritis, Atrophic
GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.		07.3131
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		02.3110
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		02.3110
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
[description not available]		03.0340
Torsade de Pointes
[description not available]		07.8130
Long QT Syndrome
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.		03.0340
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency
[description not available]		05.8481
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.		05.8481
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		07.4920
Pyrosis
[description not available]		017.339160
Heartburn
Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus.		017.339160
Recrudescence
[description not available]		016.928458
Orphan Diseases
Rare diseases that have not been well studied.		02.1710
Enteropathy, Exudative
[description not available]		02.9540
Collagenous Colitis
[description not available]		05.24180
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		010.813010
Protein-Losing Enteropathies
Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.		02.9540
Colitis, Collagenous
A subtype of MICROSCOPIC COLITIS, characterized by chronic watery DIARRHEA of unknown origin, a normal COLONOSCOPY but abnormal histopathology on BIOPSY. Microscopic examination of biopsy samples taken from the COLON show larger-than-normal band of subepithelial COLLAGEN.		05.24180
Hyperprolactinaemia
[description not available]		02.1510
Galactorrhea
Excessive or inappropriate LACTATION in females or males, and not necessarily related to PREGNANCY. Galactorrhea can occur either unilaterally or bilaterally, and be profuse or sparse. Its most common cause is HYPERPROLACTINEMIA.		02.4620
Hyperprolactinemia
Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)		07.1510
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		05.0291
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		02.1510
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		03.5311
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		08.5311
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		08.7135
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		08.7135
Cronobacter Infections
[description not available]		02.1710
Enterobacteriaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.		02.1710
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		014.064422
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		014.064422
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		02.1710
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		05.0852
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		05.0852
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		02.1710
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer
[description not available]		010.71189
Indigestion
[description not available]		017.129357
Dyspepsia
Impaired digestion, especially after eating.		017.129357
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		05.2460
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		05.2460
Interstitial Nephritis
[description not available]		03.3160
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		05.2460
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		05.2460
Nephritis, Interstitial
Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.		03.3160
Emesis
[description not available]		07.23104
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal
[description not available]		02.1710
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		010.14156
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		08.51106
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		07.23104
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.		02.1710
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		010.14156
Kidney, Polycystic
[description not available]		02.1710
Polycystic Kidney Diseases
Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.		02.1710
Dizzyness
[description not available]		05.3322
Dizziness
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.		05.3322
B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.7630
Lymphoma, B-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.		02.7630
Melena
The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.		04.4322
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older coffee-ground in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		03.5911
Vascular Calcification
Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.		02.5220
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		05.9952
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		05.9952
Lymphocytic Colitis
[description not available]		03.6830
Colitis, Lymphocytic
A subtype of MICROSCOPIC COLITIS, characterized by chronic watery DIARRHEA of unknown origin, a normal COLONOSCOPY but abnormal histopathology on BIOPSY. Microscopic examination of biopsy samples taken from the COLON show infiltration of LYMPHOCYTES in the superficial EPITHELIUM and the underlying connective tissue (lamina propria).		03.6830
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		03.75100
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		03.75100
Middle Ear Effusion
[description not available]		04.9942
Otitis Media with Effusion
Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.		04.9942
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant
[description not available]		02.5520
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.		02.5520
Dysgeusia
A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.		04.4811
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		03.1650
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		03.1650
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		02.4720
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
[description not available]		02.2510
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		02.2510
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		012.642625
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		02.2510
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		012.642625
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		07.2510
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.2510
Regurgitation, Gastric
GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX wherein the retrograde flow passes through the UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER		08.61144
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Back flow of gastric contents to the LARYNGOPHARYNX where it comes in contact with tissues of the upper aerodigestive tract. Laryngopharyngeal reflux is an extraesophageal manifestation of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX.		115.61144
Short Bowel Syndrome
A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		07.2110
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		02.2110
Chondromalacia of Trachea
[description not available]		02.2110
Anastomotic Leak
Breakdown of the connection and subsequent leakage of effluent (fluids, secretions, air) from a SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS of the digestive, respiratory, genitourinary, and cardiovascular systems. Most common leakages are from the breakdown of suture lines in gastrointestinal or bowel anastomosis.		02.2110
Atresia, Esophageal
[description not available]		02.2110
Esophagotracheal Fistula
[description not available]		02.2110
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		02.2110
Esophageal Atresia
Congenital abnormality characterized by the lack of full development of the ESOPHAGUS that commonly occurs with TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. Symptoms include excessive SALIVATION; GAGGING; CYANOSIS; and DYSPNEA.		02.2110
Familial Hypokalemia-Hypomagnesemia
[description not available]		02.2110
Esophageal Hernia
[description not available]		05.2362
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		02.2110
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		02.2110
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		02.2110
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		07.2110
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		04.5111
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		04.5111
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		04.5111
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		16.5111
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		04.5111
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		16.5111
Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
[description not available]		06.22180
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone
Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.		06.22180
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		02.2110
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		03.5911
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		03.5911
Laryngeal Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.		07.62102
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		04.150
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		04.150
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.0810
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.0810
Colonic Diseases
Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		02.0810
Colitis, Ischemic
Inflammation of the COLON due to colonic ISCHEMIA resulting from alterations in systemic circulation or local vasculature.		02.7730
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		04.3911
Cryptosporidium Infection
[description not available]		02.4620
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		03.6430
Cryptosporidiosis
Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.		02.4620
Joint Pain
[description not available]		02.0810
Fever of Unknown Origin
Fever in which the etiology cannot be ascertained.		02.0810
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		08.96106
Aortitis Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0810
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		013.96106
Takayasu Arteritis
A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy.		02.0810
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		02.0810
Carcinoma, Colloid
[description not available]		03.4711
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		03.4711
Ascites, Gelatinous
[description not available]		03.4711
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous
An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		03.4711
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		03.4711
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei
A peritoneal adenocarcinoma characterized by build-up of MUCUS in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. Mucus secreting cells may attach to the peritoneal lining and continue to secrete mucus. The majority of cases represent tumor spread from a primary low-grade mucinous neoplasm of the APPENDIX (NCI Thesaurus).		15.4711
Lentiginosis, Perioral
[description not available]		02.1110
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial
[description not available]		03.4320
Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		011.6473
Gastric Diseases
[description not available]		09.93176
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
A hereditary disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations involving CHROMOSOME 19. It is characterized by the presence of INTESTINAL POLYPS, consistently in the JEJUNUM, and mucocutaneous pigmentation with MELANIN spots of the lips, buccal MUCOSA, and digits.		02.1110
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.		03.4320
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals.		02.0810
Achlorhydria
A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion.		03.8221
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.		013.283212
Hiccough
[description not available]		02.0810
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		04.8121
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		05.5644
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		07.94142
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		07.94142
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		02.0810
Esophageal Stricture
[description not available]		011.4863
Esophageal Stenosis
A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.		06.4863
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		02.4620
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.9440
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.9440
Deficiency, Magnesium
[description not available]		02.110
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4420
Magnesium Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)		02.110
Tachycardia, Supraventricular
A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.		02.110
AIDS-Associated Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.110
Lymphoma, AIDS-Related
B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. Patients often present with an advanced stage of disease and highly malignant subtypes including BURKITT LYMPHOMA; IMMUNOBLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; and DIFFUSE, LARGE B-CELL, LYMPHOMA. The tumors are often disseminated in unusual extranodal sites and chromosomal abnormalities are frequently present. It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation.		02.110
Neurologic Voice Disorder
[description not available]		04.9242
Voice Disorders
Pathological processes that affect voice production, usually involving VOCAL CORDS and the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA. Voice disorders can be caused by organic (anatomical), or functional (emotional or psychological) factors leading to DYSPHONIA; APHONIA; and defects in VOICE QUALITY, loudness, and pitch.		04.9242
Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome
[description not available]		02.110
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.		02.110
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		03.3820
MODS
[description not available]		02.110
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		03.3820
Multiple Organ Failure
A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.		02.110
Nutritional Disorders
[description not available]		02.110
Deficiency, Vitamin D
[description not available]		02.110
Nutrition Disorders
Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.		02.110
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)		02.110
Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear
[description not available]		02.110
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive
A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)		02.110
Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder
[description not available]		03.0110
Tourette Syndrome
A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)		03.0110
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		02.110
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		02.110
Esophageal Diseases
Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.		04.4480
Hematoma
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.		02.110
Connective Tissue Diseases
A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.		07.4420
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		04.4222
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		09.4222
Ache
[description not available]		06.1994
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		113.1994
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		02.4720
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		02.4720
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		03.8121
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		03.4811
Tongue, Hairy
A benign condition of the tongue characterized by hypertrophy of the filiform papillae that give the dorsum of the tongue a furry appearance. The color of the elongated papillae varies from yellowish white to brown or black, depending upon staining by substances such as tobacco, food, or drugs. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.110
Pediculosis
[description not available]		02.1110
Lice Infestations
Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)		02.1110
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.110
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		02.110
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.110
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		07.110
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.8230
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		02.8230
Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia
[description not available]		012.282512
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic
Thrombocytopenia occurring in the absence of toxic exposure or a disease associated with decreased platelets. It is mediated by immune mechanisms, in most cases IMMUNOGLOBULIN G autoantibodies which attach to platelets and subsequently undergo destruction by macrophages. The disease is seen in acute (affecting children) and chronic (adult) forms.		012.282512
Apoplexy
[description not available]		02.830
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.1110
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.1110
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		02.830
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
[description not available]		03.5111
Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated
Serious INFLAMMATION of the LUNG in patients who required the use of PULMONARY VENTILATOR. It is usually caused by bacterial CROSS INFECTION in hospitals.		03.5111
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		03.0310
Colonic Polyps
Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		03.3920
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		03.0310
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		04.4111
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		04.4111
Cancer of Pharynx
[description not available]		02.1110
Plasmablastic Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.1110
Pharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.		02.1110
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute
[description not available]		02.9640
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous
A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).		02.9640
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.1110
Embolus
[description not available]		02.1110
Embolism
Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.		02.1110
Drop Attack
[description not available]		03.6530
Syncope
A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)		03.6530
Jaundice, Cholestatic
[description not available]		03.0410
Aspergilloses, Bronchopulmonary
[description not available]		03.0410
Jaundice, Obstructive
Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.		03.0410
Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Infections of the respiratory tract with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.		03.0410
Barrett Epithelium
[description not available]		011.01258
Barrett Esophagus
A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.		011.01258
Malnourishment
[description not available]		02.1310
Brachial Paresis
[description not available]		02.1310
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		03.9221
Malnutrition
An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.		02.1310
Purpura, Thrombopenic
[description not available]		02.1310
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic
Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.		02.1310
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		02.1310
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		02.1310
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		02.1310
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.1310
Diseases of Pharynx
[description not available]		08.07113
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		03.5111
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		02.1310
Fungal Diseases
[description not available]		02.1310
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		02.1310
Mycoses
Diseases caused by FUNGI.		02.1310
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		02.1310
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		02.1310
Fish Diseases
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).		02.1310
Infections, Microspora
[description not available]		02.1310
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		03.8921
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		03.8921
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease
[description not available]		02.4420
Behcet Syndrome
Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.		02.4420
Mucorales Infection
[description not available]		02.1510
Mucormycosis
Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.		02.1510
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
[description not available]		04.260
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.		04.260
Hemothorax
Hemorrhage within the pleural cavity.		02.0410
Cardiac Tamponade
Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.		02.0410
Antral Vascular Ectasia
[description not available]		02.0410
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		02.7430
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		02.7430
Blue-Eared Pig Disease
[description not available]		02.0410
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		02.6930
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		02.0410
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		02.0410
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		03.8640
Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome
A nonfamilial polyposis syndrome that is characterized by the presence of diffuse gastrointestinal polyposis, DIARRHEA, and PROTEIN-LOSING ENTEROPATHY. It was first reported by Cronkhite and Canada in 1955.		03.3520
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		02.0410
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		08.8640
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		02.0410
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		05.0233
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		04.7521
Intestinal Perforation
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.		02.0510
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		16.7521
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		02.0510
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.0510
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.0510
Aspiration, Respiratory
[description not available]		03.4311
Acid Aspiration Syndrome
[description not available]		06.0365
Pneumonia, Aspiration
A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.		06.0365
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		04.5151
Catarrh
Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.		03.4311
Common Cold
A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.		03.4311
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		04.3622
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		04.3622
Bradyarrhythmia
[description not available]		02.0510
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		02.4320
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.		02.0510
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		02.4320
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		02.0510
Hypophosphatasia
A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin D-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, constipation, renal calcinosis, failure to thrive, disorders of movement, beading of the costochondral junction, and rachitic bone changes. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0510
alpha-Chain Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		06.9865
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		06.9865
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		0560
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		0560
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		02.0510
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		02.0510
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		02.9710
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		02.9710
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		02.0510
Dilatation, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.		03.4411
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS.		09.911110
Nasal Catarrh
[description not available]		03.4411
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.		03.4411
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		03.6130
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		03.3520
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		15.3520
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.4220
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.4220
Aspergillus Infection
[description not available]		02.0610
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		02.0610
Aspergillosis
Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.		02.0610
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		02.0610
Cancer of Duodenum
[description not available]		05.2341
Brill-Symmers Disease
[description not available]		02.4320
Lymphoma, Follicular
Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.		02.4320
Abnormalities, Cardiovascular
[description not available]		03.4411
Cardiovascular Abnormalities
Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS.		03.4411
Anemia, Megaloblastic
A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.		02.0610
Pancytopenia
Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.		02.4520
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12
[description not available]		02.7230
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)		02.7230
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		02.0610
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		02.4420
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0610
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		02.0610
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.		02.0610
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.0610
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		02.0610
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		02.7230
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.0710
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		02.0710
Embryopathies
[description not available]		02.0710
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		03.8321
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine
A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.0710
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		02.0710
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		02.0710
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		02.0710
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		02.0710
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		06.8831
Low Back Ache
[description not available]		04.3711
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		06.8831
Low Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.		04.3711
Esophageal Dysmotility
[description not available]		04.8942
Failure to Thrive
A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function.		02.0710
ADDH
[description not available]		02.0710
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)		02.0710
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		02.0810
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0810
Infant, Premature, Diseases
Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.		02.4620
Angioneurotic Edema
[description not available]		02.4420
Exanthem
[description not available]		07.7230
Hives
[description not available]		03.8221
Angioedema
Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.		02.4420
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		07.7230
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		03.8221
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		03.8221
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		03.8221
Wet Macular Degeneration
A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision.		02.0810
Muscular Weakness
[description not available]		02.0110
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		02.0110
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism
[description not available]		02.0110
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0110
48,XXYY Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0110
Lupus Erythematosus, Chronic Cutaneous
[description not available]		02.0110
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		02.0110
Hypogonadism
Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).		02.0110
Klinefelter Syndrome
A form of male HYPOGONADISM, characterized by the presence of an extra X CHROMOSOME, small TESTES, seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated levels of GONADOTROPINS, low serum TESTOSTERONE, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE). Patients tend to have long legs and a slim, tall stature. GYNECOMASTIA is present in many of the patients. The classic form has the karyotype 47,XXY. Several karyotype variants include 48,XXYY; 48,XXXY; 49,XXXXY, and mosaic patterns ( 46,XY/47,XXY; 47,XXY/48,XXXY, etc.).		02.0110
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid
A chronic form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, CUTANEOUS) in which the skin lesions mimic those of the systemic form but in which systemic signs are rare. It is characterized by the presence of discoid skin plaques showing varying degrees of edema, erythema, scaliness, follicular plugging, and skin atrophy. Lesions are surrounded by an elevated erythematous border. The condition typically involves the face and scalp, but widespread dissemination may occur.		02.0110
Muscle Weakness
A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)		02.0110
Spasmophilia
[description not available]		02.0110
Peptic Ulcer Perforation
Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY.		02.420
Lassitude
[description not available]		02.0110
Endocarditis, Loeffler
[description not available]		02.0110
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		02.0110
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
A heterogeneous group of disorders with the common feature of prolonged eosinophilia of unknown cause and associated organ system dysfunction, including the heart, central nervous system, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. There is a massive increase in the number of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, mimicking leukemia, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration of the various organs.		02.0110
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		02.0110
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		02.0110
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		03.3420
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		03.3420
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		02.9310
Autoimmune Thyroiditis
[description not available]		02.9310
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		02.9310
Convalescence
The period of recovery following an illness.		02.0110
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		05.2143
Granulomas
[description not available]		02.0110
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		02.0110
Interstitial Cell Tumor
[description not available]		02.420
Cancer of Testis
[description not available]		02.420
Testicular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.		02.420
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		03.411
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		02.0210
Myoclonic Jerk
[description not available]		02.0210
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		02.0210
Duodenal Reflux
[description not available]		02.0210
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		07.420
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		02.0210
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		02.0210
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		08.821
Aberrant Tissue
[description not available]		02.7130
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.0210
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).		07.0210
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		05.9850
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		05.9850
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		03.4111
Candida Infection
[description not available]		03.3320
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.0210
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.3320
Herpes Simplex
A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		02.0210
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		02.0210
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		02.0210
Addison's Anemia
[description not available]		02.0210
Argentaffinoma
[description not available]		02.6930
Carcinoid Tumor
A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)		07.6930
Acne Rosacea
[description not available]		02.0210
Rosacea
A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7).		02.0210
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		04.6632
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		04.6632
Gastritis, Familial Giant Hypertrophic
[description not available]		03.150
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue
[description not available]		06.3376
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		02.0210
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		02.0210
Snoring
Rough, noisy breathing during sleep, due to vibration of the uvula and soft palate.		02.0210
ENT Diseases
[description not available]		02.9410
Rheumatism
[description not available]		03.4111
Rheumatic Diseases
Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.		03.4111
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula
[description not available]		02.0310
Starvation
Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.4111
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		02.0310
Myositis, Multiple
[description not available]		02.9410
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		02.9410
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
[description not available]		02.9410
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		02.9410
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.		02.9410
Rhabdomyolysis
Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.		02.9410
Polymyositis
Diseases characterized by inflammation involving multiple muscles. This may occur as an acute or chronic condition associated with medication toxicity (DRUG TOXICITY); CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; infections; malignant NEOPLASMS; and other disorders. The term polymyositis is frequently used to refer to a specific clinical entity characterized by subacute or slowly progressing symmetrical weakness primarily affecting the proximal limb and trunk muscles. The illness may occur at any age, but is most frequent in the fourth to sixth decade of life. Weakness of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, interstitial lung disease, and inflammation of the myocardium may also occur. Muscle biopsy reveals widespread destruction of segments of muscle fibers and an inflammatory cellular response. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1404-9)		02.9410
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness
[description not available]		02.0310
Hypotension, Postural
[description not available]		03.4111
Hypotension, Orthostatic
A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.		03.4111
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		03.4111
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		03.4111
Adenosis of Breast
[description not available]		02.0310
Fibrocystic Breast Disease
A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.		02.0310
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.		02.0310
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.0310
Gastrin-Producing Tumor
[description not available]		02.4120
Gastrinoma
A GASTRIN-secreting neuroendocrine tumor of the non-beta ISLET CELLS, the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS. This type of tumor is primarily located in the PANCREAS or the DUODENUM. Majority of gastrinomas are malignant. They metastasize to the LIVER; LYMPH NODES; and BONE but rarely elsewhere. The presence of gastrinoma is one of three requirements to be met for identification of ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, which sometimes occurs in families with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1; (MEN 1).		02.4120
Bronze Diabetes
[description not available]		02.9510
Hemochromatosis
A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)		02.9510
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		02.9510
Vasomotor Rhinitis
[description not available]		02.0310
Rhinitis, Vasomotor
A form of non-allergic rhinitis that is characterized by nasal congestion and posterior pharyngeal drainage.		02.0310
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		02.0310
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal
[description not available]		02.0310
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)		02.0310
Sinus Infections
[description not available]		02.0410
Nasal Polyps
Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.		02.0410
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.		02.0410
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		03.4211
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		03.4211
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown.		02.0310
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		03.8121
Enterically-Transmitted Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis
[description not available]		02.0410
Hepatitis E
Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HEPATITIS A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.		02.0410
Glandular Fever
[description not available]		02.0310
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		02.4420
Infectious Mononucleosis
A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.		02.0310
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		14.4420
Facial Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the FACE.		02.0310
Scalp Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the SCALP.		02.0310
Sweat Gland Diseases
Diseases of the SWEAT GLANDS.		02.0310
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		03.4211
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		03.4211
Cast Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		02.0410
Carditis
[description not available]		02.0510
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		02.0510
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		02.0410
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		02.0410
Perforated Appendicitis
[description not available]		02.0410
Appendicitis
Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.		02.0410
Mucositis
An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).		02.0410
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.6930
Adenomatosis, Familial Endocrine
[description not available]		01.9810
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		02.6930
Digestive System Disorders
[description not available]		05.1721
Digestive System Diseases
Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).		05.1721
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		03.320
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		03.320
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		03.320
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		03.320
Duodenal Diseases
Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).		04.2320
Essential Polyarteritis
[description not available]		01.9810
Cranial Nerve II Diseases
[description not available]		01.9810
Optic Nerve Diseases
Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.		01.9810
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		01.9810
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		03.7821
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		08.7821
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		01.9910
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		01.9910
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		01.9910
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		01.9910
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		01.9910
Erosive Duodenitis
[description not available]		03.7921
Duodenitis
Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER.		03.7921
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue.		06.9910
Neuromuscular Blockade
The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.		03.3811
Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome
A complex systemic syndrome with inflammatory and autoimmune components that affect the skin, fascia, muscle, nerve, blood vessels, lung, and heart. Diagnostic features generally include EOSINOPHILIA, myalgia severe enough to limit usual activities of daily living, and the absence of coexisting infectious, autoimmune or other conditions that may induce eosinophilia. Biopsy of affected tissue reveals a microangiopathy associated with diffuse inflammation involving connective tissue. (From Spitzer et al., J Rheumatol Suppl 1996 Oct;46:73-9; Blackburn WD, Semin Arthritis Rheum 1997 Jun;26(6):788-93)		01.9910
Microglossia
[description not available]		03.7921
Anus Diseases
Diseases involving the ANUS.		03.3811
Celiac Sprue
[description not available]		01.9910
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.		01.9910
Hypoproteinemia
A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.		01.9910
Gastric Fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.		04.8640
Edema, Laryngeal
[description not available]		02.420
Laryngeal Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues of any part of the LARYNX, commonly associated with laryngeal injuries and allergic reactions.		02.420
Dermatitis Exfoliativa
[description not available]		0210
Dermatitis, Exfoliative
The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		0210
Colonic Diseases, Functional
Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.		03.3811
Hemorrhagic Shock
[description not available]		0210
Gastric Outlet Obstruction
The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING.		0210
Belching
[description not available]		03.3811
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		02.730
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		02.730
Licheniform Eruptions
[description not available]		0210
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.		03.3911
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		0210
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		0210
Adolescent Gynecomastia
[description not available]		02.4120
Gynecomastia
Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.		02.4120
Day Blindness
[description not available]		02.9210
Sensation Disorders
Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).		0210
Giardia duodenalis Infection
[description not available]		0210
Giardiasis
An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.		0210
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		0710
Dermatitis, Occupational
A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.		0210
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		0210
Pancreatic Insufficiency
[description not available]		03.3911
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.		03.3911
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.		03.3911
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		0210
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		0210
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		0210
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		0210
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians
[description not available]		0210
Common Bile Duct Neoplasms
Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.		0210
Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous
Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy.		0210
Alkalosis
A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.		02.0110
Binge Eating
[description not available]		02.0110
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0110
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		02.0110
Bulimia
Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.		02.0110
Laryngeal Spasm
[description not available]		0210
Laryngismus
A disorder in which the adductor muscles of the VOCAL CORDS exhibit increased activity leading to laryngeal spasm. Laryngismus causes closure of the VOCAL FOLDS and airflow obstruction during inspiration.		0210
Dermatoses
[description not available]		04.7221
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		04.7221
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		02.0110
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		02.0110
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		02.0110
Acinar Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0110
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		02.0110
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		02.0110
Carcinoma, Acinar Cell
A malignant tumor arising from secreting cells of a racemose gland, particularly the salivary glands. Racemose (Latin racemosus, full of clusters) refers, as does acinar (Latin acinus, grape), to small saclike dilatations in various glands. Acinar cell carcinomas are usually well differentiated and account for about 13% of the cancers arising in the parotid gland. Lymph node metastasis occurs in about 16% of cases. Local recurrences and distant metastases many years after treatment are common. This tumor appears in all age groups and is most common in women. (Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575)		02.0110
Mouth Diseases
Diseases involving the MOUTH.		02.9210
Vaginal Diseases
Pathological processes of the VAGINA.		02.0110