A food additive that is used to added improve the taste or odour of a food.
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|
| 1-nonanol | A nonanol that is nonane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated as a component of volatile oils from plants like Hordeum vulgare. | nonan-1-ol |
| 1-pentene-3-one | An enone that is pent-1-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. | 1-penten-3-one |
| 1,1-dimethoxyethane | An acetal that is dimethoxymethane substituted by a methyl group at position 1. | 1,1-dimethoxyethane |
| 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline | A pyrroline that is 1-pyrroline in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an acetyl group. It is an aroma and flavour compound present in jasmine rice and basmati rice. It is responsible for the 'popcorn' aroma in a large variety of cereal and food products. It is one of the key odourants of the crust of bread and considered to be responsible for the cracker-like odour properties. In bread, it is primarily generated during baking but amounts are influenced by ingredient composition and fermentation conditions. | 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline |
| 2-hexenal, z-isomer | A 2-hexenal in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration. It occurs naturally in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and spices. | (2E)-hexenal |
| 2-isobutyl-1,3-thiazole | A 1,3-thiazole in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by an isobutyl group. A food flavour component with a green note that adds the characteristics of ripe tomatoes. Used in blackcurrent, papaya, melon, raspberry, and roast beef flavours, it also enhances the flavour of fresh lime. | 2-isobutylthiazole |
| 2-methoxybenzoic acid | A methoxybenzoic acid that is the methyl ether of salicylic acid. | O-methylsalicylic acid |
| 2-methylcyclohexanone | A member of the class of cyclohexanones that is cyclohexanone substituted by a methyl group at position 2. | 2-methylcyclohexanone |
| 2-methylfuran | A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group. | 2-methylfuran |
| 2-methylvaleric acid | A methyl-branched fatty acid that is pentanoic acid which carries a methyl group at position 2. | 2-methylvaleric acid |
| 2-nonanol | A secondary alcohol that is nonane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | nonan-2-ol |
| 2-pentylfuran | A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a pentyl group. It is found in many heat-processed foods and drinks. | 2-pentylfuran |
| 2-propylphenol | A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is substituted by a propyl group at position 2. | 2-propylphenol |
| 2-tridecanone | A methyl ketone that is tridecane in which the methylene hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group. | tridecan-2-one |
| 2-undecanol | A secondary alcohol that is undecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | undecan-2-ol |
| 2,3-pentanedione | An alpha-diketone that is pentane substituted at the 2- and 3-positions by oxo groups. | pentane-2,3-dione |
| 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine | A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which three hydrogens at positions 2, 3 and 5 have been replaced by methyl groups. | trimethylpyrazine |
| 2,4-heptadienal | A heptadienal in which the two double bonds are located at positions 2 and 4 (the E,E-geoisomer). | (E,E)-hepta-2,4-dienal |
| 2,4-hexadienal | A hexadienal that is hexanal with trans double bonds at positions 2 and 4. It is found in tomatoes, kiwi fruit, mangoes, potato chips, herbs and spices. | (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal |
| 2'-hydroxyacetophenone | A monohydroxyacetophenone that is acetophenone in which one of the hydrogens ortho to the acetyl group has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2-acetylphenol |
| 3-mercaptohexanol | An alkanethiol that is hexane substituted at positions 1 and 3 by hydroxy and sulfanyl groups respectively. | 3-mercaptohexanol |
| 3-methoxybenzoic acid | A methoxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. | 3-methoxybenzoic acid |
| 3-phenylpropanal | A benzene which is substituted by a 3-oxopropyl group at position 1. | 3-phenylpropanal |
| 4-isopropylphenol | A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is carrying an isopropyl group at position 4. | 4-isopropylphenol |
| 4-methyl-3-heptanone | A dialkyl ketone that is 4-methylheptane substituted by an oxo group at position 3. | 4-methylheptan-3-one |
| 4-vinylguaiacol | A member of the class of phenols that is guaiacol in which the hydrogen para- to the hydroxy group is replaced by a vinyl group. | 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol |
| 5-methyl-2-furfural | | 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde |
| anethole | The trans-stereoisomer of anethole. | trans-anethole |
| benzaldehyde | An arenecarbaldehyde that consists of benzene bearing a single formyl substituent; the simplest aromatic aldehyde and parent of the class of benzaldehydes. | benzaldehyde |
| benzyl cinnamate | The cinnamate ester derived from cinnamic acid and benzyl alcohol. Occuring in Balsam of Peru and Tolu balsam, in Sumatra and Penang benzoin, and as the main constituent of copaiba balsam, it is used in heavy oriental perfumes, as a fixative and as a flavouring agent. | benzyl cinnamate |
| benzylideneacetone | The trans-isomer of benzylideneacetone. It acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) of insects like diamond back moth. | trans-benzylideneacetone |
| calcium citrate | An organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio. | calcium citrate |
| carvacrol | A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). | carvacrol |
| cetyl alcohol | A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | hexadecan-1-ol |
| cinnamaldehyde | The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes. | (E)-cinnamaldehyde |
| citronellic acid | A monounsaturated fatty acid that is oct-6-enoic acid carrying methyl groups at positions 3 and 7. | citronellic acid |
| curcumin | A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. | curcumin |
| decan-4-olide | A gamma-lactone that is oxolan-2-one substituted by a hexyl group at position 5. | gamma-decalactone |
| estragole | A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group. | estragole |
| ethyl acetoacetate | An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetoacetic acid with ethanol. | ethyl acetoacetate |
| ethyl benzoate | A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and ethanol. It is a volatile oil component found in ripe kiwifruit, cranberry juice, and palm kernel oil. | ethyl benzoate |
| ethyl vanillin | A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is vanillin in which the methoxy group is replaced by an ethoxy group. | ethyl vanillin |
| furaneol | A member of the class of furans that is 2,5-dimethylfuran carrying additional oxo and hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively. It has been found particularly in strawberries and other such fruits. | 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3-one |
| gamma-valerolactone | A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 5. It has been found in the urine samples of humans exposed to n-hexane. | gamma-valerolactone |
| geranylacetone | A monoterpene ketone in which an (E)-geranyl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone. It is a component of essential oils from various plants including Nelumbo nucifera. | geranyl acetone |
| guaethol | An aromatic ether that is catechol in which one of the hydroxy groups has been alkylated to give the corresponding ethyl ether. A low-melting (20-25 degreeC), high-boiling (216-217 degreeC) smoke flavour compound. | 2-ethoxyphenol |
| heptanol | A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum. | heptan-1-ol |
| homoeriodictyol | A trihydroxyflavanone that consists of 3'-methoxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4', 5, and 7. | homoeriodictyol |
| isovalerylaldehyde | A methylbutanal that is butanal substituted by a methyl group at position 3. It occurs as a volatile constituent in olives. | 3-methylbutanal |
| methyl anthranilate | A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of anthranilic acid. | methyl anthranilate |
| methyl caproate | A fatty acid methyl ester derived from hexanoic (caproic acid). | methyl hexanoate |
| methyl salicylate | A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid. | methyl salicylate |
| methyl tetradecanoate | A fatty acid methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid) with methanol. | methyl tetradecanoate |
| myrcene | A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively. | beta-myrcene |
| propyl benzoate | A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and propanol. It has a balsamic odor reminescent of nuts with a sweet, fruity, nut-like taste. | propyl benzoate |
| raspberry ketone | A ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at position 4 by a hydroxy group. It is found in a variety of fruits including raspberries, blackberries and cranberries, and is used in perfumery and cosmetics. | raspberry ketone |
| safrole | A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive. | safrole |
| sodium citrate, anhydrous | The trisodium salt of citric acid. | sodium citrate |
| sodium glutamate | An optically active form of monosodium glutamate having L-configuration. | monosodium L-glutamate |
| tripropionin | A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by propionic acid. | tripropionin |
| undecan-1-ol | A primary alcohol that is undecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | undecan-1-ol |
| vanillin | A member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. | vanillin |
| zingerone | A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger. | zingerone |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|
| 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.2489 | 1 | 3 |
| 15-lipoxygenase, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.0203 | 1 | 3 |
| 67.9K protein | Vaccinia virus | Potency | 9.5357 | 2 | 3 |
| acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.6747 | 4 | 7 |
| activating transcription factor 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.7179 | 2 | 6 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.2548 | 1 | 13 |
| alpha-galactosidase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.0795 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-synuclein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 18.8541 | 1 | 2 |
| apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1 | Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 | Potency | 7.0795 | 1 | 1 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.0567 | 12 | 51 |
| aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 45.4251 | 3 | 11 |
| ATAD5 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.3352 | 1 | 2 |
| Ataxin-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.7219 | 1 | 3 |
| ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 40.0675 | 2 | 5 |
| bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4630 | 1 | 2 |
| caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.7358 | 1 | 2 |
| caspase-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4630 | 1 | 2 |
| Caspase-7 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 1 | 1 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 32.3060 | 3 | 18 |
| cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.0639 | 2 | 4 |
| Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 3 |
| Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.0119 | 1 | 3 |
| Chain A, Cruzipain | Trypanosoma cruzi | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, Ferritin light chain | Equus caballus (horse) | Potency | 12.4312 | 1 | 2 |
| Chain A, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.4089 | 2 | 3 |
| Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 79.4328 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.6981 | 1 | 2 |
| Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase | Giardia intestinalis | Potency | 17.7407 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.9665 | 1 | 5 |
| Chain B, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.4089 | 2 | 3 |
| chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 94.5626 | 1 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 2C9, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0318 | 1 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.0474 | 2 | 8 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.6172 | 2 | 3 |
| cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.8200 | 1 | 11 |
| DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.2454 | 2 | 3 |
| DNA polymerase beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.6684 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 62.3032 | 1 | 2 |
| DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 48.5798 | 1 | 3 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.4189 | 11 | 68 |
| estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.5893 | 2 | 11 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.8097 | 6 | 41 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.1060 | 1 | 2 |
| farnesoid X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.7045 | 4 | 14 |
| flap endonuclease 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 60.4566 | 1 | 2 |
| G | Vesicular stomatitis virus | Potency | 10.0318 | 1 | 2 |
| GABA theta subunit | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0474 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0475 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0475 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0475 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0475 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0475 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0475 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0475 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0474 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0474 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0475 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0475 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0474 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0475 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0475 | 1 | 4 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 11.0475 | 1 | 4 |
| geminin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.8555 | 2 | 5 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.9864 | 3 | 25 |
| GLS protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.9833 | 1 | 2 |
| glucocerebrosidase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 32.4648 | 1 | 2 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.6526 | 4 | 13 |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 50.3600 | 1 | 7 |
| GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.9618 | 2 | 3 |
| heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 17.7828 | 1 | 1 |
| heat shock protein beta-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 43.3094 | 2 | 9 |
| hemoglobin subunit beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| Histamine H2 receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Potency | 7.9433 | 1 | 4 |
| histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 38.6492 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone H2A.x | Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) | Potency | 90.0453 | 1 | 5 |
| histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.1254 | 1 | 1 |
| HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0318 | 1 | 2 |
| huntingtin isoform 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.5481 | 1 | 1 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 52.2970 | 2 | 2 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.3096 | 2 | 2 |
| IDH1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.7265 | 1 | 2 |
| importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.6651 | 2 | 2 |
| Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0318 | 1 | 4 |
| Integrin alpha-IIb | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.4816 | 1 | 3 |
| Integrin beta-3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.4816 | 1 | 3 |
| Interferon beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0318 | 1 | 2 |
| interleukin 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 75.2267 | 1 | 4 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.5872 | 1 | 7 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 15.8511 | 1 | 2 |
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 32.5544 | 3 | 10 |
| lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.5068 | 1 | 1 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.3890 | 1 | 3 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.0814 | 1 | 3 |
| muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| neuropeptide S receptor isoform A | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.3162 | 1 | 1 |
| Nrf2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 43.4856 | 4 | 37 |
| nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 20.2014 | 1 | 6 |
| Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.4736 | 1 | 4 |
| nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 23.0777 | 2 | 9 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.1260 | 3 | 23 |
| parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 112.2020 | 1 | 1 |
| Parkin | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1 | 1 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 19.2102 | 1 | 2 |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.1480 | 5 | 13 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.2185 | 5 | 13 |
| phosphopantetheinyl transferase | Bacillus subtilis | Potency | 53.8820 | 1 | 2 |
| PINK1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| plasminogen precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 3.9811 | 1 | 1 |
| polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.5864 | 1 | 2 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.9433 | 1 | 2 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.3701 | 1 | 3 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.9399 | 2 | 17 |
| pregnane X receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 79.4328 | 1 | 1 |
| progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 54.2146 | 2 | 4 |
| pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 2 | 2 |
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 32.7162 | 2 | 23 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.9763 | 3 | 49 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.7492 | 4 | 33 |
| shiga toxin 1 B subunit | Escherichia coli O157:H7 | Potency | 10.0238 | 2 | 2 |
| shiga toxin 1 variant A subunit | Escherichia coli O157:H7 | Potency | 10.0238 | 2 | 2 |
| SMAD family member 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 41.5410 | 2 | 2 |
| SMAD family member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 41.5410 | 2 | 2 |
| Smad3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 21.1640 | 1 | 3 |
| snurportin-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.6651 | 2 | 2 |
| Spike glycoprotein | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Potency | 2.8599 | 1 | 2 |
| survival motor neuron protein isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.0000 | 1 | 2 |
| TAR DNA-binding protein 43 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.4813 | 1 | 1 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.8135 | 2 | 13 |
| thioredoxin glutathione reductase | Schistosoma mansoni | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 1 |
| thioredoxin reductase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 33.5606 | 3 | 18 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.1163 | 3 | 4 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 23.1037 | 5 | 20 |
| thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.8746 | 2 | 2 |
| transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8489 | 1 | 1 |
| tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.9526 | 1 | 1 |
| urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 3.9811 | 1 | 1 |
| urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 3.9811 | 1 | 1 |
| USP1 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.0492 | 2 | 4 |
| v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 41.9114 | 2 | 11 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.4099 | 5 | 13 |
| vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 44.6684 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 50.3600 | 1 | 7 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|
| 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 9.6995 | 2 | 2 |
| 10 kDa chaperonin | Escherichia coli | IC50 | 3.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| 10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 8.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.7300 | 1 | 1 |
| 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase | Curvularia lunata | IC50 | 3.8500 | 2 | 2 |
| 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 17.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| 60 kDa chaperonin | Escherichia coli K-12 | IC50 | 250.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 60 kDa chaperonin | Escherichia coli | IC50 | 3.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| 60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 8.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Electrophorus electricus (electric eel) | IC50 | 184.1733 | 3 | 3 |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 144.3000 | 2 | 2 |
| Acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 100.0000 | 2 | 6 |
| alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| alkaline phosphatase, intestinal | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme isoform 1 preproprotein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 5.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 5.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 5.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| Alpha-synuclein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 81.0100 | 2 | 2 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.5000 | 3 | 3 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.7100 | 1 | 1 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.5733 | 3 | 3 |
| Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 21.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Aminopeptidase N | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 15.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Aminopeptidase N | Sus scrofa (pig) | IC50 | 15.5000 | 1 | 1 |
| Amyloid-beta precursor protein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 9.8541 | 30 | 30 |
| Androgen receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 201.8862 | 1 | 4 |
| Androgen receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 426.5800 | 1 | 1 |
| Beta lactamase (plasmid) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IC50 | 7.7510 | 1 | 1 |
| Beta-secretase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 343.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Botulinum neurotoxin type A | Clostridium botulinum | IC50 | 2.9000 | 1 | 1 |
| Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.6300 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Candida albicans SC5314 | Ki | 39.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 6.6500 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1,105.1050 | 4 | 4 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 4.5145 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1,670.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 427.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 2,465.4600 | 2 | 2 |
| CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 2.3600 | 1 | 1 |
| CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.1010 | 1 | 1 |
| Cell division protein FtsZ | Escherichia coli K-12 | IC50 | 6.3350 | 2 | 2 |
| Chain B, SARS CORONAVIRUS MAIN PROTEINASE | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | IC50 | 5.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Cholinesterase | Equus caballus (horse) | IC50 | 355.3950 | 2 | 2 |
| Cholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 5.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Cholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 100.0000 | 2 | 6 |
| Coagulation factor XII | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 100.0000 | 1 | 5 |
| Cocaine esterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| CREB-binding protein | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 25.0000 | 4 | 4 |
| Cysteine protease | Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense | IC50 | 7.7500 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 1A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 11.5545 | 2 | 2 |
| Cytochrome P450 1A2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3,032.3536 | 4 | 5 |
| Cytochrome P450 1B1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.9780 | 2 | 2 |
| Cytochrome P450 2A5 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC50 | 3.2800 | 1 | 1 |
| Cytochrome P450 2A6 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.9200 | 1 | 1 |
| D-amino-acid oxidase | Sus scrofa (pig) | IC50 | 1.0700 | 2 | 2 |
| DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1,500.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.3256 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutathione S-transferase P | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 69.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 58.9750 | 2 | 2 |
| Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 0.0660 | 1 | 1 |
| Heme oxygenase 1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Heme oxygenase 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone acetyltransferase p300 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 21.9167 | 6 | 6 |
| Histone deacetylase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 50.7900 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 11 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 97.6700 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 7 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 8 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 64.9800 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone deacetylase 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| hypothetical protein SA1422 | Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315 | IC50 | 42.9000 | 2 | 2 |
| intestinal alkaline phosphatase precursor | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC50 | 18.7000 | 1 | 1 |
| Lactoylglutathione lyase | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 0.0050 | 1 | 1 |
| Liver carboxylesterase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 100.0000 | 2 | 6 |
| Liver carboxylesterase 1 | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | Ki | 100.0000 | 2 | 6 |
| Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 9.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Microtubule-associated protein tau | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 54.8750 | 4 | 4 |
| NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 24.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| Neuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src | Mus musculus (house mouse) | IC50 | 2.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase | Sus scrofa (pig) | IC50 | 74.4000 | 1 | 1 |
| perilipin-1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 9.1670 | 1 | 1 |
| perilipin-5 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.2320 | 1 | 1 |
| Phenol oxidase | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | IC50 | 38.3100 | 1 | 1 |
| Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase | Bos taurus (cattle) | IC50 | 1,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Phospholipase A2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 11.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 187.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Polyphenol oxidase 2 | Agaricus bisporus | IC50 | 950.0000 | 6 | 6 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 32.5000 | 1 | 2 |
| Prostaglandin E synthase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 1.8000 | 3 | 3 |
| Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 4.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 | Ovis aries (sheep) | IC50 | 63.8350 | 1 | 2 |
| Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 124.2233 | 2 | 3 |
| Proteasome subunit beta type-5 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 10.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Replicase polyprotein 1ab | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 | IC50 | 31.7500 | 1 | 2 |
| Replicase polyprotein 1ab | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | IC50 | 31.7500 | 1 | 2 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | IC50 | 3.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit) | Ki | 5.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 53.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 5.8000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 7.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 8.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Secreted chorismate mutase | Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv | IC50 | 12.9300 | 1 | 2 |
| Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 16.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Sortase A | Streptococcus mutans | IC50 | 10.2000 | 1 | 1 |
| Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 15.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| Thiopurine S-methyltransferase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 199.5260 | 1 | 1 |
| Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 40.4667 | 3 | 3 |
| Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 40.4667 | 3 | 3 |
| Thioredoxin reductase 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 40.4667 | 3 | 3 |
| Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 56.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Tissue factor | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.0132 | 1 | 1 |
| toll-like receptor 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 8.3620 | 1 | 1 |
| TPA: protein transporter TIM10 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C | IC50 | 19.7000 | 1 | 1 |
| Transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.1620 | 1 | 1 |
| Translocator protein | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 8.9300 | 1 | 1 |
| Tyrosinase | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 412.5000 | 2 | 2 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | IC50 | 100.0000 | 1 | 1 |