| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Parkinson's disease is characterised by an imbalance between acetylcholine and dopamine which probably results from the degeneration of a dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway." | ( Spehlmann, R; Stahl, SM, 1976) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease is discussed." | ( Godwin-Austen, RB, 1977) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease are unable to adjust the firing rate of motor units that initiate contraction from zero to higher rates; the frequency modulation of motor units is not normal, but motor units recruit normally as effort is increased." | ( Jarcho, LW; Petajan, JH, 1975) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of midbrain dopamine neurons that innervate the caudate and the putamen." | ( Bunney, BS; Gjedde, A; Leranth, C; Marek, KL; Naftolin, F; Price, LH; Robbins, RJ; Roth, RH; Spencer, DD; Vollmer, T, 1992) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by a loss of the dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway." | ( Levivier, M; Przedborski, S, 1992) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with degeneration of the dopaminergic component of the nigrostriatal pathway." | ( Abercrombie, ED; Berger, TW; Grace, AA; Stricker, EM; Zigmond, MJ, 1990) |
| "Their mechanism in Parkinson's disease is discussed." | ( Bathien, N; Feve, AP; Rondot, P, 1991) |
| "We conclude that Parkinson's disease is a systemic disorder of Oxphos, probably of a complex genetic etiology." | ( Juncos, JL; Shoffner, JM; Torroni, A; Wallace, DC; Watts, RL, 1991) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with a massive loss in melanized dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra resulting in a severe striatal dopaminergic denervation." | ( Agid, Y; Dumas, S; Duyckaerts, C; Hirsch, EC; Javoy-Agid, F; Mallet, J, 1990) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with degeneration of the nigrostriatal bundle." | ( Abercrombie, ED; Stricker, EM; Zigmond, MJ, 1990) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurological condition associated with neuronal degeneration in the corpora nigra with a drop in the level of dopamine in the striatum." | ( Allain, H; Giraud, JR; Jacquemard, F; Palaric, JC, 1990) |
| "My knowledge of Parkinson's disease is minimal, but I am a trained observer and I have attempted to present a brief study of the condition from 'inside looking out' in the hope that it will assist in expanding clinical rapport." | ( Cowan, A, 1990) |
| "Two patients with Parkinson's disease are reported, in whom painful sensory phenomena preceded or accompanied the disease process." | ( Sandyk, R, 1986) |
| "For this reason, Parkinson's disease is a very good model for the study of such interactions." | ( Dubois, B, 1989) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized especially by a degeneration of pigmented brain regions, like substantia nigra." | ( Brücke, T; Riederer, P, 1986) |
| "1." | ( Hassan, MN; Thakar, JH, 1988) |
| "Parkinson's disease is an illness with neuropathological and neuroanatomical abnormalities in many areas of the central nervous system." | ( Perlow, MJ, 1987) |
| "Treatment of Parkinson's disease is not difficult in the early stages of the disease; a therapeutic regimen of carbidopa-levodopa or possibly, a combination of carbidopa-levodopa and bromocriptine, provides the best therapeutic results." | ( Muenter, MD, 1986) |
| "This approach to Parkinson's disease is useful, safe, and at least as effective as levodopa alone." | ( Barbeau, A; Botez, MI; Joubert, M; Mars, H, 1972) |
| "The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is not as easy as previously claimed, and presents a number of pitfalls." | ( Barbeau, A, 1984) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a deficiency of dopamine in the nigrostriatal system." | ( Laakso, K; Lönnberg, P; Rinne, JK; Rinne, JO; Rinne, UK, 1984) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with a variety of neurotransmitter disturbances which may be further altered by its treatment with dopamine agonists." | ( Lang, AE, 1984) |
| "Juvenile Parkinson's disease is rare." | ( Clough, CG; Mendoza, M; Yahr, MD, 1981) |
| "Management of Parkinson's disease is dominated by the desire to prevent the development of fluctuations, dyskinesia, and psychiatric complications, and to treat effectively these effects when they appear." | ( Nutt, JG, 1995) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common movement disorders and is related to destruction of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the basal ganglia." | ( Montgomery, EB, 1995) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of older persons that eventually leads to disability." | ( Cutson, TM; Laub, KC; Schenkman, M, 1995) |
| "Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is often difficult." | ( Bakheit, AM, 1995) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a prevalent neurological disease characterized by profound and incapacitating movement disorders." | ( Armanini, M; Berkemeier, L; Hynes, MA; Phillips, H; Poulsen, K; Rosenthal, A, 1994) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition of unknown cause and with no known cure." | ( Mahler, ME; Scharre, DW, 1994) |
| "Because Parkinson's disease is characterized by a decrease in dopaminergic neurotransmission in the basal ganglia, the selective inhibition of MAO-B should lead to diminished metabolism of dopamine in the nigrostriatal system and a significant increase in the concentration of the neurotransmitter." | ( Lange, KW; Riederer, P; Youdim, MB, 1994) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurologic disorders." | ( Standaert, DG; Stern, MB, 1993) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by massive degeneration of the melanized dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Agid, Y; Herrero, MT; Hirsch, EC; Javoy-Agid, F; Kastner, A, 1993) |
| "The etiology of Parkinson's disease is mainly unknown." | ( Fiszer, U; Fredrikson, S; Kostulas, V; Link, H; Mix, E; Olsson, T, 1994) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a selective loss of nerve cells which die slowly, but more rapidly than similar effects due to aging." | ( Agid, Y, 1993) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a specific disorder of central dopaminergic systems." | ( Blin, O; Masson, G; Mestre, D, 1993) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a massive neuronal loss in several cell groups of the midbrain." | ( Hirsch, EC, 1993) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease is reviewed." | ( Lieberman, A, 1993) |
| "Parkinson's disease is treated with a number of medications, but levodopa, a dopamine precursor, is considered most effective." | ( Brownlee, HJ; Stacy, M, 1996) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and, to a lesser extent, the ventral tegmental area and catecholaminergic cell group A8." | ( Agid, Y; Hirsch, EC; Karlsson, JO; Mouatt-Prigent, A, 1996) |
| "Parkinson's disease is treated in relation to its symptoms and stage in any individual plan of therapy." | ( Fischer, PA, 1995) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by chronic progression of dopaminergic neuronal death, the mechanism of which is still unknown." | ( Akaike, A; Kawamura, T; Kimura, J; Sawada, H; Shimohama, S; Tamura, Y, 1996) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with the loss of nerve terminals from specific brain areas, particularly in the caudate and putamen, which contains the highest concentrations of dopamine transporter sites." | ( Byon, C; Elmaleh, DR; Fischman, AJ; Hanson, RN; Liang, AY; Madras, BK; Meltzer, PC; Shoup, TM, 1996) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons and their terminals." | ( Babich, JW; Barrow, SA; Elmaleh, DR; Fischman, AJ; Hanson, RN; Madras, BK; Meltzer, P, 1997) |
| "Although Parkinson's disease is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra not all dopaminergic neurons degenerate in this disease." | ( Agid, Y; Damier, P; Faucheux, B; Hirsch, EC; Mouatt-Prigent, A, 1997) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common disabling disease of old age." | ( Playfer, JR, 1997) |
| "Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to distinguish from other parkinsonian syndromes such as multiple-system atrophy (MSA)." | ( Kimber, JR; Mathias, CJ; Watson, L, 1997) |
| "Hallucinosis in idiopathic Parkinson's disease is heterogeneous, falling into two groups." | ( Graham, JM; Grünewald, RA; Sagar, HJ, 1997) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder of unknown aetiology." | ( Schapira, AH; Warner, TT, 1998) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a chronic and disabling illness and there is currently wide variation in its management." | ( Bhatia, K; Brooks, DJ; Burn, DJ; Clarke, CE; Playfer, J; Sawle, GV; Schapira, AH; Stewart, D; Williams, AC, 1998) |
| "Parkinson's disease is found to cause a consistent deficit in simple reaction time." | ( Brown, VJ; Gauntlett-Gilbert, J, 1998) |
| "Three patients with Parkinson's disease are described who developed pericardial, retroperitoneal, and pleural fibrosis associated with pergolide treatment." | ( Dick, DJ; Pilling, JB; Shaunak, S; Wilkins, A, 1999) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, resulting in loss of dopamine transporters in the striatum." | ( Booij, J; de Bruin, K; Hemelaar, TG; Janssen, AG; Speelman, JD; van Royen, EA, 1999) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a massive loss of nigral dopamine neurons that results in a reduction of dopamine concentrations in the striatum." | ( Abrous, DN; Agid, Y; Bernard, V; Bloch, B; Hirsch, EC; Laribi, O; Levey, AI; Muriel, MP, 1999) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by massive degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons in the midbrain." | ( Agid, Y; Damier, P; Graybiel, AM; Hirsch, EC, 1999) |
| "The cause of Parkinson's disease is still an enigma." | ( Booij, J; Drukarch, B; Groenewegen, HJ; Stoof, JC; van Muiswinkel, FL; Voorn, P; Winogrodzka, A; Wolters, EC, 1999) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a readily recognized clinical syndrome, characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and loss of postural reflexes." | ( King, DB, 1999) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by striatal dopaminergic loss." | ( Stacy, M, 1999) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which is mainly characterized by degeneration of the dopaminergic cells in the nigro-striatal system." | ( Amicarelli, F; Carlucci, G; Gasbarri, A; Masciocco, L; Miranda, M; Pacitti, C; Palumbo, G; Pompili, A, 1999) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is consequent to the loss of brain dopamine (DA) cells." | ( Cadet, JL; Harrington, B; Ordonez, S, 2000) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway." | ( Agid, Y; Hirsch, EC; Karlsson, JO; Mouatt-Prigent, A; Yelnik, J, 2000) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, formation of filamentous intraneuronal inclusions (Lewy bodies) and an extrapyramidal movement disorder." | ( Bender, WW; Feany, MB, 2000) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopamine (DA) neurons, which leads to overactivity of the surviving DA neurons and an increase in neurotransmitter release and turnover." | ( Cohen, G, 2000) |
| "The etiology of Parkinson's disease is not known." | ( Grünblatt, E; Mandel, S; Youdim, MB, 2000) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that manifests clinically with variable degrees of tremor, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability." | ( Koller, W; Marjama-Lyons, J, 2000) |
| "The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is still an enigma." | ( Maruyama, W; Naoi, M; Strolin-Benedetti, M, 2000) |
| "Parkinson's disease is thought to be caused by an interaction of polygenic predisposition with environmental factors." | ( Kitada, T; Mizuno, Y, 2000) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder." | ( Fujimoto, K; Nakano, I, 2000) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a major neurological disorder that primarily affects the nigral dopaminergic cells." | ( Anichtchik, OV; Haycock, JW; Huotari, M; Männistö, PT; Panula, P; Peitsaro, N, 2000) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in which familial-linked genes have provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of this disorder." | ( Chung, KK; Dawson, TM; Dawson, VL; Gao, J; Huang, H; Zhang, Y, 2000) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, after Alzheimer's disease." | ( Goedert, M; Spillantini, MG, 2000) |
| "L-DOPA therapy for Parkinson's disease is one of the major achievements of twentieth century neurology; Parkinson's disease was the first in which specific neurochemical deficits in defined brain regions were identified, and thus for which a rational, chemical therapy could be developed, ushering in the era of clinical neurochemistry." | ( Foley, P, 2000) |
| "Although Parkinson's disease is typically characterised by bradykinesia, rigidity, and rest tremor, the possibility that two additional motor deficits are manifest during small hand muscle activity was explored-namely, weakness and abnormal physiological tremor." | ( Corcos, DM; Marsden, CD; McAuley, JH; Quinn, NP; Rothwell, JC, 2001) |
| "The etiology of Parkinson's disease is still unknown, though current investigations support the notion of the pivotal involvement of oxidative stress in the process of neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra (SN)." | ( Barzilai, A; Daily, D; Melamed, E; Offen, D; Panet, H, 2001) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease in which the chemical pathology is known and effective symptomatic treatment, levodopa, is available." | ( Gálvez-Jiménez, N; Hanson, MR, 2001) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the commonest neurodegenerative diseases of the elderly." | ( Tan, AK, 2001) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the most common movement disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative disease." | ( Goedert, M, 2001) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta." | ( Choi, DK; Guégan, C; Jackson-Lewis, V; Przedborski, S; Teismann, P; Tieu, K; Vila, M; Wu, DC, 2001) |
| "Secondly, Parkinson's disease is a cause of primary autonomic failure with an involvement of the peripheral autonomic system as shown by the ubiquitous distribution of Lewy bodies and reduced iobenguane [metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG)] cardiac uptake." | ( Brefel-Courbon, C; Montastruc, JL; Rascol, O; Senard, JM, 2001) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases." | ( Ektessabi, A; Fujisawa, S; Yoshida, S, 2001) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disease caused by rather selective degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Barzilai, A; Melamed, E; Shirvan, A, 2001) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a nosological entity of unknown origin for which, in some cases, a possible pathogenetic role for mitochondrial dysfunction has been postulated." | ( Bonuccelli, U; Ceravolo, R; Iudice, A; Lombardi, V; Mancuso, M; Siciliano, G, 2001) |
| "Parkinson's disease is typically characterised by loss of function and previous abilities, often accompanied by complications of treatment in later stages of the disease." | ( Schrag, A; Trimble, M, 2001) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and results from loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Cohlberg, JA; Fink, AL; Li, J; Uversky, VN, 2002) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta." | ( Auluck, PK; Bonini, NM; Chan, HY; Lee, VM; Trojanowski, JQ, 2002) |
| "Parkinson's disease is also characterized by decreases in midbrain levels of total glutathione which could impact on E1 enzyme activity via oxidation of the active site sulfhydryl." | ( Andersen, JK; Boonplueang, R; Jha, N; Kumar, MJ, 2002) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons." | ( Bilsland, J; Grimm, E; Han, Y; Harper, SJ; Hefti, F; Nicholson, DW; Roy, S; Xanthoudakis, S, 2002) |
| "Parkinson's disease is caused by a dopamine deficiency state in the fore brain area." | ( Klopman, G; Sedykh, A, 2002) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, resulting from loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Bower, KS; Fink, AL; Li, J; M Cooper, E; Uversky, VN, 2002) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a widespread condition caused by the loss of midbrain neurons that synthesize the neurotransmitter dopamine." | ( Auerbach, JM; Bankiewicz, K; Gavin, D; Kim, JH; Lee, SH; Lumelsky, N; McKay, R; Nguyen, J; Rodríguez-Gómez, JA; Sánchez-Pernaute, R; Velasco, I, 2002) |
| "Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are associated with the formation in the brain of amyloid fibrils from beta-amyloid and alpha-synuclein proteins, respectively." | ( Hartley, D; Lansbury, PT; Lashuel, HA; Petre, BM; Walz, T, 2002) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway, and the presence of Lewy bodies." | ( Brice, A; Corti, O, 2002) |
| "1." | ( Froberg, J, 2002) |
| "Parkinson's disease is an increasingly common disease of elderly patients who present a particular anaesthetic challenge." | ( Hall, GM; Nicholson, G; Pereira, AC, 2002) |
| "The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is based on clinical features with pathological verification." | ( Friberg, L; Løkkegaard, A; Werdelin, LM, 2002) |
| "While Parkinson's disease is undoubtedly a disorder with a primary pathology of dopamine neuronal loss, that loss of dopamine and subsequent dopamine replacement therapy leads to imbalances in many non-dopaminergic transmitter systems, including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)." | ( Brotchie, JM; Nicholson, SL, 2002) |
| "Tertiary Parkinson's disease care center and sleep laboratory at university hospital neurology department." | ( Brandauer, E; Frauscher, B; Glatzl, S; Högl, B; Poewe, W; Saletu, M; Seppi, K; Ulmer, H; Wenning, G, 2002) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder and research into its pathogenesis recently accelerated following the identification of a number of causal genetic mutations." | ( Halliday, GM; Orr, CF; Rowe, DB, 2002) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with slowness, especially of sequential movements, and is characterized pathologically by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, particularly targeting nigrostriatal projections." | ( Brooks, DJ; Goerendt, IK; Grasby, PM; Lawrence, AD; Messa, C; Piccini, P, 2003) |
| "Parkinson's disease is considered to offer only a limited view of basal ganglia function due to partial striatal depletion of dopamine and the potential involvement of other structures and transmitters in its pathology." | ( Saint-Cyr, JA, 2003) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the most frequent movement disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain." | ( Eulitz, D; Karschin, A; Prüss, H; Thomzig, A; Veh, RW; Wenzel, M, 2003) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and the cause is unknown; however, substantial evidence implicates the aggregation of alpha-synuclein as a critical factor in the etiology of the disease." | ( Fink, AL; Zhu, M, 2003) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that demands a holistic approach to treatment." | ( Martin, WR; Wieler, M, 2003) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and affects approximately 1% of the population over 65 years of age." | ( Brundin, P; Lotharius, J; Smith, R, 2003) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with selective loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Choi, HJ; Hwang, O; Kim, SW; Lee, SY; Moon, YW, 2003) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Choi, HJ; Hwang, O; Kim, SW; Lee, SY, 2003) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with the selective death of dopaminergic neurons." | ( Klann, E; Lin, E; Perez, RG; Ugarte, SD; Zigmond, MJ, 2003) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive and selective loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of ubiquitinated protein inclusions termed Lewy bodies." | ( Brice, A; Corti, O, 2003) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a focal degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brain with progressive loss of ability to produce the neurotransmitter dopamine." | ( Arya, SK; Bankiewicz, KS; Brady, RO; D'Costa, J; Davis-Warren, A; Harvey-White, J; Kaneski, CR; Limaye, A; Major, EO; Qasba, P, 2003) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of unknown pathogenesis." | ( Ischiropoulos, H; Przedborski, S; Tieu, K, 2003) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a cause of primary autonomic failure with involvement of the peripheral nervous system." | ( Senard, JM, 2003) |
| "Parkinson's disease is neural degenerative disease, and the influence of paclitaxel administration on patients with Parkinson's disease is unknown." | ( Date, K; Egawa, M; Fujitoh, N; Fujiwara, H; Furukawa, M; Mizunoe, T; Sakashita, T; Ueda, K; Urabe, S; Urabe, T, 2003) |
| "Levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease is often complicated by the occurrence of motor fluctuations, which can be predictable ('wearing-off') or unpredictable ('on-off')." | ( Calne, DB; de la Fuente-Fernández, R; Mak, E; Schulzer, M; Stoessl, AJ, 2004) |
| "Freezing in Parkinson's disease is a severe and disabling problem of unknown aetiology." | ( De Weerdt, W; Desloovere, K; Dom, R; Janssens, L; Nieuwboer, A; Stijn, V, 2004) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized pathologically by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra with resultant depletion of striatal dopamine and presence of Lewy bodies in the remaining neurons." | ( Goodlett, DR; Zhang, J, 2004) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose main histopathological feature is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra with secondary striatal dopaminergic insufficiency." | ( Fraix, V, 2004) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disease with a reduction of dopamine levels causing the typical symptoms tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural disturbance." | ( Lökk, J, 2004) |
| "Dementia in Parkinson's disease is increasingly being recognized." | ( Emre, M, 2004) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with the deposition and accumulation of alpha-synuclein fibrils in the brain." | ( Gray, HB; Hummel, PA; Langen, R; Lee, JC; Winkler, JR, 2004) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein into aggregates called Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites." | ( Auluck, PK; Bonini, NM; Meulener, MC, 2005) |
| "Psychosis in Parkinson's disease is a serious disorder that is often difficult to treat." | ( Diraoui, S; Jansen, PA; van Melick, EJ, 2004) |
| "Parkinson's disease is due to the selective loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons." | ( Gao, Q; Geller, AI; Goldstein, DS; Holmes, C; Kong, L; Pfeilschifter, J; Sun, M; Wang, X; Zhang, GR, 2004) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with progressive loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra." | ( Cho, Y; Choi, HJ; Hwang, O; Lee, SY, 2005) |
| "Although Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterised by its motoric symptoms, there is an increasing recognition of accompanying impairments in cognition that have a profound impact on the quality of life of these patients." | ( Barker, RA; Lewis, SJ; Owen, AM; Robbins, TW; Slabosz, A, 2005) |
| "Whereas Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that typically onsets after 60 years of age, the possibility that it could result from insults sustained during development has been proposed." | ( Barlow, BK; Brooks, AI; Cory-Slechta, DA; Richfield, EK; Thiruchelvam, M, 2005) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra zona compacta, and in other sub-cortical nuclei associated with a widespread occurrence of Lewy bodies." | ( Brown-Borg, H; Ebadi, M; El Refaey, H; Garrett, S; Sharma, SK; Shavali, S; Singh, BB, 2005) |
| "Resting tremor in Parkinson's disease is usually not the primary disabling feature, and in most cases, levodopa/carbidopa is satisfactory for many years." | ( Charles, PD; Duffis, EI; Schadt, CR, 2005) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons." | ( Minger, SL; Taylor, H, 2005) |
| "Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is most confidently clinically diagnosed if we follow the United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson's disease." | ( Ghosh, B; Mishra, A; Sengupta, P, 2005) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by a progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal system." | ( McIntosh, JM; Quik, M, 2006) |
| "The pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease is unknown, but nigral degeneration and depigmentation are associated with microglial inflammation and anti-inflammatory medications appear to protect against the disease." | ( Halliday, GM; Mizuno, Y; Mori, H; Orr, CF; Rowe, DB, 2005) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a mainly sporadic aetiology, although a number of monogenic familiar forms are known." | ( Bergamasco, B; Fasano, M; Lopiano, L, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Baekelandt, V; Bequé, D; Bockstael, O; Bormans, G; Casteels, C; Debyser, Z; Lauwers, E; Mortelmans, L; Nuttin, B; Nuyts, J; Van Laere, K; Vercammen, L, 2007) |
| "Pharmacotherapy for Parkinson's disease is focused on dopaminergic drugs, mainly the dopamine precursor levodopa and dopamine receptor agonists." | ( Nyholm, D, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology." | ( Bhat, V; Shulman, LM, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with a progressive loss of substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons." | ( Garris, BL; Garris, DR; Lau, YS; Novikova, L, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which is in most cases of unknown etiology." | ( Casarejos, MJ; García de Yébenes, J; Mena, MA; Menéndez, J; Rodríguez-Navarro, JA; Solano, RM, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder that results from a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Mirzaei, H; Regnier, F; Rochet, JC; Schieler, JL, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Cao, JH; Clark, IE; Dodson, MW; Guo, M; Hay, BA; Huh, JR; Jiang, C; Seol, JH; Yoo, SJ, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder associated with disfunction of dopaminergic pathways of the basal ganglia." | ( Colonnese, C; Garreffa, G; Giove, F; Giulietti, G; Macrì, MA; Maraviglia, B; Modugno, N; Moraschi, M, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common incurable neurodegenerative disease whose molecular aetiology remains unclear." | ( Abou-Sleiman, PM; Gandhi, S; Ganguly, M; Hargreaves, I; Heales, S; Healy, DG; Holton, JL; Latchman, DS; Lees, AJ; Muqit, MM; Parsons, L; Revesz, T; Stanyer, L; Wood, NW, 2006) |
| "L-dopa treatment of Parkinson's disease is complicated in the long term by the appearance of dyskinesia." | ( Corvol, JC; Girault, JA; Hervé, D, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, gait and postural instability and a variety of nonmotor symptoms." | ( Diamond, A; Jankovic, J, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by progressive slowness in activities of daily living and is the most common cause of parkinsonism, whose symptoms include resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, and bradykinesia." | ( Weiner, WJ, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is classically characterised as a motor neurodegenerative disorder." | ( Calabresi, P; Di Filippo, M; Parnetti, L; Picconi, B, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder." | ( Chen, S; Deng, X; Ding, X; Dong, H; Li, W; Li, X; Ma, G; Wu, T; Yao, J; Zeng, Y; Zhang, X, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is also characterised by various vegetative symptoms, impairment of olfaction, anxiety, depression, and with increasing age also by cognitive deficits and dementia." | ( Ransmayr, G, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is no longer regarded a pure motor disorder, but a complex disease with motor as well as non-motor symptoms, the latter having a major impact on the quality of life of the patient as well as the caregiver." | ( Waldvogel, D, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that is characterized by a loss of nigrostriatal dopamine-containing neurons." | ( O'Neill, M; Perez, XA; Quik, M, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic cell loss in the compact part of substantia nigra." | ( Dabek, J; Jabłońska, B; Lepich, T, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease." | ( Björklund, T; Carlsson, T; Kirik, D, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, related to the loss of dopamine (DA)-containing neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Elliott, CJ; Hernádi, L; Hiripi, L; Szabó, H; Vehovszky, A, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with profound alterations in the central control of energy metabolism." | ( Arnaud, P; Bannier, S; Boirie, Y; Brandolini-Bunlon, M; Derost, P; Durif, F; Giraudet, C; Montaurier, C; Morio, B, 2007) |
| "Clinical Parkinson's disease is most likely to be identified if the orbito-frontal cortex is affected, while the diagnosis is less likely if the pathology is restricted to the olfactory bulb or tract." | ( Esiri, MM; Hubbard, PS; McShane, R; Nagy, Z; Reading, M, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with both swallowing and respiratory dysfunction, increasing the risk of aspiration and pneumonia." | ( Anderson, T; Frampton, C; Huckabee, ML; Leow, L; Lim, A, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with dementia in about 40% of cases, and in time up to 80% of patients will develop dementia." | ( Wesnes, K, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized clinically by classical parkinsonism and pathologically by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and Lewy bodies." | ( Klein, C; Lohmann-Hedrich, K, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects approximately 1% of people over the age of 60 years." | ( Jankovic, J; Stacy, M, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by damage to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system." | ( Bordia, T; O'Leary, K; Quik, M, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder of the substantia nigra accompanied by the depletion of dopamine levels." | ( Dohi, T; Kitayama, T; Morioka, N; Morita, K; Onitsuka, Y; Song, L, 2007) |
| "AA key feature in Parkinson's disease is the deposition of Lewy bodies." | ( Beyer, K, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder of unknown cause." | ( Surmeier, DJ, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurological conditions associated with visual hallucinations." | ( Aydemir, T; Cetin, S; Erol, C; Hanoglu, L; Meral, H; Ozben, S; Ozer, F; Ozkayran, T; Ozturk, O; Yilsen, M, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons." | ( Li, Q; Li, YY; Lu, JH; Pu, XP; Zhao, YY, 2008) |
| "Since Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder, adjustments to pharmacotherapy must be expected over time." | ( Chen, JJ; Swope, DM, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive neuronal loss affecting preferentially the dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal projection." | ( Arias-Carrión, O; Freundlieb, N; Höglinger, GU; Oertel, WH, 2007) |
| "Parkinson's disease is an environmentally influenced, neurodegenerative disease of unknown origin that is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain." | ( Sens, DA; Shavali, S, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with small, bradykinetic postural weight shifts while standing but it is unclear whether this is due to reduced limits of stability and/or to the selection of abnormal strategies for leaning." | ( Chiari, L; Horak, FB; Mancini, M; Rocchi, L, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common disorder that becomes more prevalent with advanced age." | ( Stoessl, J, 2008) |
| "Drug treatment for Parkinson's disease is largely symptomatic and relies primarily on levodopa (L-dopa) and adjuvant therapies including dopamine agonists and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors." | ( Chan, DK; Cordato, DJ; O'Rourke, F, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and still remains incurable." | ( Latchman, DS; Yang, YX, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with uncertain aetiology and ill-defined pathophysiology." | ( Ferrari, CC; Pitossi, FJ; Pott Godoy, MC; Sarchi, MI; Tarelli, R, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a complex disorder characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in the brain." | ( Bianco, J; Burne, T; Donnellan, M; Féron, F; Kesby, J; Mackay-Sim, A; Meedeniya, A; Murrell, W; Perry, C; Silburn, P; Wetzig, A, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is treated pharmacologically with dopamine replacement medication and, more recently, by stimulating basal-ganglia nuclei such as the subthalamic nucleus (STN)." | ( Aziz, T; Brittain, JS; Holland, P; Jenkinson, N; Joint, C; Ray, NJ; Stein, JF; Wang, S, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the formation of Lewy bodies containing aggregated alpha-synuclein." | ( Bammens, T; Bastiaens, I; De Virgilio, C; Delay, C; Ghillebert, R; Pellens, K; Van Leuven, F; Winderickx, J; Zabrocki, P, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is more frequent in males than in females, and more prevalent in females with short reproductive life." | ( Casarejos, MJ; de Yébenes, JG; Gomez, A; Mena, MA; Perucho, J; Rodríguez-Navarro, JA; Solano, RM, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and resting tremor." | ( Ferrara, JM; Stacy, M, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is to some degree caused by lipid peroxidation due to phospholipases activation." | ( Adibhatla, RM; Hatcher, JF, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a primarily sporadic occurring neurodegenerative disorder of advanced age." | ( Schulz, JB, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, associated with the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta." | ( Chetsawang, B; Ebadi, M; Govitrapong, P; Kooncumchoo, P, 2008) |
| "Early Parkinson's disease is dominated by a motor syndrome called parkinsonism, but as the disease develops motor complications and non-motor problems may occur as well." | ( Aasly, JO; Beiske, AG; Bekkelund, SI; Dietrichs, E; Larsen, JP; Tysnes, OB; Vilming, ST, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is caused by a progressive loss of the midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta." | ( Andersen, SL; Benes, FM; Brown, LT; Krichevsky, AM; Macey, L; Simunovic, F; Sonntag, KC; Stephens, RM; Wang, Y; Yi, M, 2009) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative process characterized by progressive degeneration of the substantia nigra and concurrent loss of neuromelanin in these structures." | ( Halabe Bucay, A, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative, slowly progressive, age-related disorder." | ( Kubo, M; Moritoyo, H; Moritoyo, T; Nagai, M; Nakatsuka, A; Nishikawa, N; Nomoto, M; Yabe, H, 2009) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and remains incurable." | ( Latchman, DS; Wood, NW; Yang, YX, 2009) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease following Alzheimer's disease." | ( Frei, K; Truong, DD; Wolters, E, 2008) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with increased oscillatory firing patterns in basal ganglia output, which are thought to disrupt thalamocortical activity." | ( Bergstrom, DA; Parr-Brownlie, LC; Poloskey, SL; Walters, JR, 2009) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common condition with a broad clinical diversity suggesting the existence of distinct subgroups of patients." | ( Barker, RA; Lewis, SJ, 2009) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterised by a slow and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Hirsch, EC; Hunot, S, 2009) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder with both motor symptoms and cognitive deficits such as executive dysfunction." | ( Abe, N; Fujii, T; Fukuda, H; Hirayama, K; Hosokai, Y; Ishioka, T; Itoyama, Y; Mori, E; Nishio, Y; Suzuki, K; Takahashi, S; Takeda, A, 2009) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic pathways projecting to the striatum." | ( Bereczki, D; Bódi, N; Daw, N; Dibó, G; Gluck, MA; Kéri, S; Moustafa, A; Myers, CE; Nagy, H; Takáts, A, 2009) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly." | ( Cai, ZL; Cao, BY; Huang, JZ; Liu, CF; Mao, CJ; Shi, JJ; Yang, F; Yang, YP; Zhang, P, 2009) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common progressive bradykinetic disorder that can be accurately diagnosed." | ( Hardy, J; Lees, AJ; Revesz, T, 2009) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a hypokinetic movement disorder with cardinal motor features of bradykinesia, resting tremor and rigidity." | ( Park, A; Stacy, M, 2009) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the extrapyramidal system resulting from the deficiency of dopamine in the basal ganglia." | ( Kato, S; Mizuno, J; Morita, S; Watada, M, 2009) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and by the appearance of Lewy bodies." | ( Akaike, A; Izumi, Y; Kume, T; Sawada, H; Shimohama, S; Takahashi, R; Takeuchi, H; Yamakawa, K; Yamamoto, N, 2010) |
| "Parkinson's disease is an archetypal disorder of dopamine dysfunction characterised by motor, cognitive, behavioural, and autonomic symptoms." | ( Baunez, C; Bezard, E; Fernagut, PO; Juncos, JL; Obeso, JA; Pavon, N; Rodriguez, M; Voon, V; Wickens, J, 2009) |
| "Parkinson's disease is caused by a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine." | ( Min, K; Park, DH; Yoo, YJ, 2010) |
| "The diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease is based on a thorough clinical examination with demonstration of the presence of bradykinesia, as well as tremor, rigidity, postural instability and hyposmia." | ( Reichmann, H, 2006) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive and selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Corona, G; Spencer, JP; Vauzour, D, 2010) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurological condition, behind dementia, for which there is currently no cure." | ( Thomas, M, 2010) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a complex disease characterized by a progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons." | ( Limborska, SA; Shadrina, MI; Slominsky, PA, 2010) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by mutation of alpha-synuclein or other genes." | ( Kamitani, T; Matsuo, Y, 2010) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, after Alzheimer's disease, among the aging human population." | ( Darios, F; Davletov, B; Ruipérez, V, 2010) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a multifactorial, neurodegenerative disease where etiopathogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood." | ( Glocker, MO; Haas, SJ; Kreutzer, M; Lessner, G; Mikkat, S; Schmitt, O; Wree, A, 2010) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the presence of intracellular aggregates composed primarily of the neuronal protein α-synuclein (αS)." | ( Middleton, ER; Rhoades, E, 2010) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with selective and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra." | ( Huang, YM; Yin, ZQ, 2011) |
| "The development of Parkinson's disease is accompanied by concurrent activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons of human patients and rodent models." | ( Amutuhaire, W; Ichinose, F; Kaneki, M; Kida, K; Yamada, M, 2010) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which is initially well-treated with L-dopa." | ( Haahr, A; Hall, EO; Kirkevold, M; Ostergaard, K, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the major neurodegenerative disorders." | ( Ichinose, F; Kakinohana, M; Kaneki, M; Kida, K; Marutani, E; Tokuda, K; Yamada, M, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a pervasive, ageing-related neurodegenerative disease the cardinal motor symptoms of which reflect the loss of a small group of neurons, the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc)." | ( Guzman, JN; Ilijic, E; Kondapalli, J; Sanchez-Padilla, J; Schumacker, PT; Surmeier, DJ; Wokosin, D, 2010) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a profound motor disability that is traceable to the emergence of synchronous, rhythmic spiking in neurons of the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe)." | ( Chan, CS; Chetkovich, DM; Fleming, SM; Gertler, TS; Glajch, KE; Goldberg, AB; Guzman, JN; Kita, H; Lewis, AS; Mercer, JN; Osten, P; Shigemoto, R; Surmeier, DJ; Tkatch, T, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by preferential degeneration of the dopamine-producing neurons of the brain stem substantia nigra." | ( Dächsel, JC; Fjorback, AW; Jensen, PH; Sinning, S; Sundbye, S; Wiborg, O, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a complicated disease state that affects patients' quality of life." | ( Knudsen Gerber, DS, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Bachstetter, AD; Bickford, PC; Gemma, C; Hudson, CE; Pabon, MM, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder manifesting in debilitating motor symptoms." | ( Bar-Gad, I; Belelovsky, K; Erez, Y; Tischler, H, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder whose principal symptoms are tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability." | ( Alegría, MA; Armony, JL; Drucker-Colín, R; González-García, N; Soto, J; Trejo, D, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterised not only by the classic triad of bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor, but also by the frequent occurrence of various non-motor symptoms such as the impulse control disorders (pathological gambling, hypersexuality, compulsive buying, binge eating, punding and dopamine dependency)." | ( Berendse, HW; Foncke, EM; Groenewegen, HJ; Van den Heuvel, OA; Van der Werf, YD, 2011) |
| "Pain sensitivity in Parkinson's disease is known to be altered in an L-dopa-dependent manner with increased spinal nociception and experimental pain perception in the medication-defined "off" state." | ( Brebbermann, J; Dohmann, H; Engau, I; Möller, JC; Mylius, V; Oertel, WH, 2011) |
| "PD (Parkinson's disease) is a neurodegenerative disorder, caused by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which affects an increasing number of the elderly population worldwide." | ( Büttner, S; Franssens, V; Galas, MC; Madeo, F; Outeiro, TF; Swinnen, E; Winderickx, J, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disease." | ( Cragg, J; de la Fuente-Fernandez, R; Kuramoto, L; Mak, E; McCormick, S; McKenzie, J; Nandhagopal, R; Ruth, TJ; Schulzer, M; Sossi, V; Stoessl, AJ, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is now recognized as a major form of α-synucleinopathy involving both the central and peripheral nervous systems." | ( Homma, T; Mizutani, T; Mochizuki, Y, 2012) |
| "The risk of Parkinson's disease is reduced by cigarette smoking, which raises some unanswered questions." | ( Cesaro, P; Fenelon, G; Grapin, F; Remy, P; Thiriez, C; Villafane, G, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, yet despite this, very little is known about the underlying cellular mechanisms." | ( Brundin, P; Dunning, CJ; Reyes, JF; Steiner, JA, 2012) |
| "As Parkinson's disease is histopathologically characterized by the selective, progressive, and chronic degeneration of the nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic dopamine systems, it can therefore serve as a model for assessing the functional role of these circuits in humans." | ( Dondaine, T; Grandjean, D; Le Jeune, F; Péron, J; Vérin, M, 2012) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by oxidative stress and CNS iron deposition." | ( Alessio, M; Barbariga, M; Campanella, A; Cannistraci, CV; Cappa, SF; Codazzi, F; Conti, A; Franciotta, D; Iannaccone, S; Magnani, G; Olivieri, S; Pelizzoni, I; Pesca, M, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a multisystem disorder involving dopaminergic, noradrenergic, serotoninergic and cholinergic systems, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms." | ( Awad, RA, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world." | ( Chen, J; Fan, JB; Liang, Y; Liao, JM; Zhang, P; Zhou, Z, 2011) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Aebischer, P; Löw, K, 2012) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders associated with aging, reaching ∼ 2% of individuals over 65 years." | ( de Rosso, AL; José Silva, D; Junior, MC; Moura, KC; Nicaretta, DH; Pereira, JS; Pimentel, MM; Santos-Rebouças, CB, 2012) |
| "PD (Parkinson's disease) is characterized by the selective loss of DA (dopaminergic) neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain region, but not in the ventral tegmental area and other catecholaminergic cell group areas." | ( Bhonde, R; Datta, I, 2012) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a debilitating progressive neurodegenerative disorder that results from the loss of or damage to dopaminergic cells containing neuromelanin in the substantia nigra (SN)." | ( Caviedes, P; Cuevas, C; Huenchuguala, S; Muñoz, P; Paris, I; Segura-Aguilar, J; Tizabi, Y; Villa, M, 2012) |
| "Parkinson's disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder that is ameliorated with levodopa." | ( Martínez-Banaclocha, MA, 2012) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a major age-related neurodegenerative disorder." | ( Greig, NH; Kamal, MA; Nawaz, MS; Parveen, Z; Shakil, S, 2012) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to dopamine depletion in the striatum." | ( Abramov, AY; Duchen, MR; Gandhi, S; Vaarmann, A; Wood, NW; Yao, Z, 2012) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by toxicity of α-synuclein." | ( Miłowska, K; Szwed, A, 2012) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a high incidence neurodegenerative disease in elderly people, and oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis." | ( Chen, X; Huang, B; Xu, X; Ye, L; Ye, Q; Zhang, X; Zhu, Y, 2012) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and nonmotor impairments, including constipation." | ( Brookes, SJ; de Vries, E; Sharrad, DF, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder whose pathogenesis remains essentially unknown." | ( Hirsch, EC; Jenner, P; Przedborski, S, 2013) |
| "Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is still a clinical diagnosis." | ( Barbe, MT; Eggers, C; Pauls, KA; Salimi Dafsari, H; Timmermann, L, 2012) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system caused by selective dopamine-generating cell death, and oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are thought to be responsible for the onset of Parkinson's disease." | ( Ariga, H; Iguchi-Ariga, S; Niki, T; Takahashi-Niki, K, 2012) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a promising target of applying personalized medicine." | ( Balicza, P; Balogh, I; Bereznai, B; Dibó, G; Hidasi, E; Klivényi, P; Molnár, MJ; Takáts, A, 2012) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that can, at least partly, be mimicked by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine." | ( Berg, D; Fleckenstein, C; Itohara, S; Lang, JD; Maetzler, W; Martin, HL; Mounsey, RB; Mustafa, S; Sathe, K; Schulte, C; Synofzik, M; Teismann, P; Vukovic, Z, 2012) |
| "A key feature of Parkinson's disease is the dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta." | ( Arias-Carrión, O; El-Gamal, M; Ellaithy, A; Helmy, B; Mohamed, M; Salama, M; Sheashaa, H; Sobh, M; Tantawy, D, 2012) |
| "When patients with Parkinson's disease are placed on NPO (nil per os, or nothing by mouth) status for surgery, they may miss several doses of carbidopa-levodopa, possibly resulting in exacerbation of Parkinson's disease symptoms." | ( Anderson, LC; Fagerlund, K; Gurvich, O, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most frequent progressive degenerative disorders with unknown origin of the nervous system." | ( Guseo, A, 2012) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder." | ( Arawaka, S; Kato, T; Sato, H, 2013) |
| "A key feature of Parkinson's disease is the dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta." | ( El-Gamal, A; El-Gamal, M; Ellaithy, A; Helmy, B; Mohamed, M; Reda, A; Salama, M; Sheashaa, H; Sobh, M; Tantawy, D, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder." | ( Fang, JY; Tolleson, CM, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons." | ( Agari, T; Date, I; Kadota, T; Kameda, M; Kikuchi, Y; Liang, H; Shinko, A; Thomas Tayra, J; Vcelar, B; Wakamori, T; Wang, F; Weik, R; Yasuhara, T, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is most common degenerative disorder." | ( Pandey, S, 2012) |
| "As Parkinson's disease is mainly characterized by a dysfunction of the sensorimotor pathways, which can be influenced by levodopa administration, the present study investigated the functional connectivity changes within the sensorimotor resting-state network in drug-naïve patients with Parkinson's disease after acute levodopa administration." | ( Annunziato, L; Conforti, R; De Micco, R; Esposito, F; Giordano, A; Paccone, A; Pignataro, G; Tedeschi, G; Tessitore, A, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a severe neurodegenerative disorder with a prevalence rate of approximately 1." | ( Bowers, J; Elkins, G; Encarnacion, E; Sliwinski, J, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and, at present, has no cure." | ( Beltramini, M; Bisaglia, M; Bubacco, L; Greggio, E, 2013) |
| "Although Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder its cause is still unknown." | ( Jang, IS; Oh, WK; Park, J; Ryu, HW, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by neuronal death in the substantia nigra and the presence of intracellular inclusions of α-synuclein in the Lewy bodies." | ( Andersen, KJ; Febbraro, F; Romero-Ramos, M; Sanchez-Guajardo, V; Tentillier, N, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is universal and the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease among the elderly affecting between 0." | ( Chagas, MH; Crippa, JA; Marchi, KC; Miasso, AI; Tirapelli, CR; Tumas, V, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with alterations in nasal cycle, nasal mucosa pH and mucociliary clearance time." | ( Aygul, R; Kotan, D; Tatar, A; Ulvi, H, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Liu, Z; Song, L; Wu, N; Yang, X; Yuan, W, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by α-synuclein pathology in the form of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites." | ( Brundin, P; George, S; Reichenbach, N; Rey, NL; Steiner, JA, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, decreased striatal dopamine levels and consequent onset of extrapyramidal motor dysfunction." | ( Bel, ED; Lazzarini, M; Martin, S; Mitkovski, M; Stühmer, W; Vozari, RR, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by intracellular proteinaceous depositions known as Lewy bodies." | ( Eisbach, SE; Outeiro, TF, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with gastrointestinal motility abnormalities favoring the occurrence of local infections." | ( Barbaro, F; Bentivoglio, AR; Bove, F; Campanale, M; Di Giacopo, R; Fasano, A; Fortuna, S; Gabrielli, M; Gasbarrini, A; Gigante, G; Lauritano, EC; Marconi, S; Navarra, P; Petracca, M; Piano, C; Ragazzoni, E; Tortora, A; Zocco, MA, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, in which both alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and dopamine (DA) have a critical role." | ( Dalton, CF; Illes-Toth, E; Smith, DP, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disease, of which the main neuropathological hallmark is dopaminergic neuronal loss." | ( Calabresi, P; Castrioto, A; Di Filippo, M; Picconi, B, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by motor deficits caused by loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons." | ( Andersson, A; Dannaeus, K; Delfani, K; Di Monte, DA; Haegerstrand, A; Häggblad, J; Hill, MP; Isacson, R; Janson Lang, AM; McCormack, AL; Nielsen, E; Palmer, T; Patrone, C; Rönnholm, H; Wikstrom, L; Zachrisson, O; Zhao, M, 2011) |
| "The hallmark of Parkinson's disease is the destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons." | ( Artigas, F; Bortolozzi, A; Daws, LC; De Deurwaerdère, P; Hensler, JG; Koek, W; Milan, L; Navailles, S, 2013) |
| "Motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are commonly treated using l-DOPA although long-term treatment usually causes debilitating motor side effects including dyskinesias." | ( Bishop, C; Dupre, KB; Eskow Jaunarajs, KL; Goldenberg, AA; Lindenbach, D; Ostock, CY, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the formation of α-synuclein aggregates found in Lewy bodies throughout the brain." | ( Danzer, KM; Eschbach, J, 2014) |
| "Parkinson's disease is an age-related disease whose pathogenesis is not completely known." | ( Büchel, F; Dräger, A; Hoffmann, S; Kahle, PJ; Saliger, S; Wrzodek, C; Zell, A, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterised by the degeneration of the midbrain dopaminergic system and is associated with cognitive dysfunction, including slowed information processing." | ( Biernat, HB; Friberg, L; Jennum, PJ; Korbo, L; Nikolic, M; Zoetmulder, M, 2014) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterised by excessive subcortical beta oscillations." | ( Anzak, A; Brown, P; Kühn, A; Little, S; Pogosyan, A; Tan, H, 2013) |
| "Parkinson's disease is typically treated with oral dopamine replacement therapies; however, long-term treatment leads to motor complications and, occasionally, impulse control disorders caused by intermittent stimulation of dopamine receptors and off-target effects, respectively." | ( Abhay, K; Barker, RA; Breen, DP; Brugières, P; Buttery, PC; Cesaro, P; Deeley, S; Dolphin, P; Drouot, X; Fenelon, G; Gabriel, I; Ghaleh, B; Gurruchaga, JM; Guzman, NV; Hantraye, P; Harrop, R; Iwamuro, H; Kas, A; Kelleher, M; Kingsman, SM; Lavisse, S; Le Corvoisier, P; Lefaucheur, JP; Lepetit, H; Lucas, C; Mason, S; Mazarakis, ND; Miskin, J; Mitrophanous, KA; Naylor, S; Palfi, S; Radcliffe, PA; Ralph, GS; Rascol, O; Remy, P; Tani, N; Thiriez, C; Watts, C, 2014) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons." | ( Dézsi, L; Vécsei, L, 2014) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative movement disorder; however, its etiology remains elusive." | ( Gaki, GS; Papavassiliou, AG, 2014) |
| "PD (Parkinson's disease) is characterized by some typical motor features that are caused by striatal dopamine depletion and respond well to dopamine-replacement therapy with L-dopa." | ( Cenci, MA, 2014) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by Lewy bodies, a pathological hallmark comprised mostly of aggregated alpha synuclein." | ( Dimant, H; Fan, Z; Hyman, BT; Kibuuka, LN; McLean, PJ; Zhu, L, 2014) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a frequent neurodegenerative disease, which typically occurs in older age." | ( Lettow, I; Röther, J, 2014) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in its pathogenesis." | ( Luo, H; Luo, M; Wang, J; Xiao, Y, 2014) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive and selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Cooper, AJ; Pinto, JT; Spencer, JP; Vauzour, D, 2014) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a reduction of dopamine (DA) levels." | ( Conte, C; Ianni, F; Lisanti, A; Natalini, B; Sardella, R; Scorzoni, S, 2014) |
| "PD (Parkinson's disease) is a complex disorder that is associated with neuronal loss or dysfunction caused by genetic risks, environmental factors and advanced aging." | ( Ding, JQ; Lou, J; Ma, J; Wu, JB; Wu, R; Yuan, Z; Zhang, Q; Zheng, Z, 2014) |
| "A major feature of Parkinson's disease is the formation of Lewy bodies in dopaminergic neurons which consist of misfolded α-synuclein." | ( Dmitriev, O; Kakish, J; Lee, JS; Nokhrin, S; Tavassoly, O, 2014) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the motor symptoms of bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity and postural instability." | ( Niccolini, F; Politis, M, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that results from the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system, primarily in the substantia nigra." | ( Ahmad, ST; Liao, J; Morin, LW, 2014) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder with increased prevalence in the aging population." | ( Abdullah, R; Alves, G; Basak, I; Larsen, JP; Møller, SG; Patil, KS, 2015) |
| "While Parkinson's disease is a chronic and progressive movement disorder, no one can predict which symptoms will affect an individual patient." | ( Alexiou, A; Psiha, M; Vlamos, P, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of several neurodegenerative diseases associated with a misfolded, aggregated and pathological protein." | ( Herva, ME; Spillantini, MG, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurologic disorder, affecting about 1-4% of persons older than 60 years." | ( Alecci, M; Antonosante, A; Benedetti, E; Cimini, A; Cristiano, L; Di Giacomo, E; Falcone, R; Fidoamore, A; Florio, TM; Giordano, A; Ippoliti, R; Massimi, M, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with early parasympathetic dysfunction leading to constipation and gastroparesis." | ( Borghammer, P; Brooks, DJ; Danielsen, EH; Fedorova, T; Gjerløff, T; Hansen, J; Jacobsen, S; Knudsen, K; Munk, OL; Nahimi, A; Pavese, N; Terkelsen, AJ, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is primarily a movement disorder with predilection for the nigral dopaminergic neurons and is often associated with widespread neurodegeneration and diffuse Lewy body deposition." | ( Alexopoulou, Z; Perrett, RM; Tofaris, GK, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is an incurable neurodegenerative disease." | ( Vanhauwaert, R; Verstreken, P, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of neurons in specific regions of the nervous system, notably in the substantia nigra pars compacta and, in most cases, by the deposition of intraneuronal inclusions named Lewy bodies." | ( Bobela, W; Schneider, BL; Zheng, L, 2014) |
| "Sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease are very common." | ( Alatriste-Booth, V; Camacho-Ordoñez, A; Cervantes-Arriaga, A; Rodríguez-Violante, M, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease which affects almost 1 percent of the population above the age of 60." | ( Sen, D; Varma, D, 2015) |
| "A key-feature of Parkinson's disease is the formation of Lewy bodies, which are cytoplasmic protein inclusions." | ( Braus, GH; Kleinknecht, A; Popova, B, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with selective and progressive decline of nigral dopaminergic neurons." | ( Baluchnejadmojarad, T; Kiasalari, Z; Roghani, M, 2016) |
| "Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases that generate important health-related direct and indirect socio-economic costs." | ( Bezard, E; Bourdenx, M; Dehay, B; Koulakiotis, NS; Sanoudou, D; Tsarbopoulos, A, 2017) |
| "The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is supported histologically by the findings of α-synuclein immunopositive Lewy bodies and neurites and severe substantia nigra cell loss." | ( Davey, K; Holton, JL; Kearney, S; Lees, AJ; Ling, H; Mok, KY; Polke, JM; Revesz, T; Silveira-Moriyama, L; Strand, C; Yip, HL, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is primarily a disorder of response initiation characterized by an excessive motor inhibition, whereas levodopa-induced dyskinesias are clearly a clinical expression of disinhibition of movements." | ( Arabia, G; Augimeri, A; Cerasa, A; Donzuso, G; Mangone, G; Morelli, M; Passamonti, L; Quattrone, A; Salsone, M, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with multiple factors contributing to increasing severity of pathology in specific brain regions." | ( Cartwright, H; Halliday, GM; McCann, H, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterised by three main symptoms: slowness and paucity of movements, rigidity, and resting tremor." | ( , 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the most common movement disorder, characterized by a progressive and extensive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and their terminals in the striatum." | ( Moldzio, R; Radad, K; Rausch, WD, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, as well as nonmotor symptoms including autonomic impairments, olfactory dysfunction, sleep disturbances, depression, and dementia." | ( Bordia, T; Perez, XA; Quik, M; Zhang, D, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disorder." | ( Ransmayr, G, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that is characterized by the formation of intracellular protein inclusion bodies composed primarily of a misfolded and aggregated form of the protein α-synuclein." | ( Brundin, P; Steiner, JA; Tyson, T, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta along with the formation of intracellular fibrillar inclusions (Lewy bodies and Lewy neuritis), which are mainly composed of aggregated α-synuclein (ASYN)." | ( Atienzar, FA; Foerch, P; Marmolino, D; Michel, A; Scheller, D; Staelens, L, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder around the world." | ( Bereczki, D; Nagy, H; Takáts, A; Toth, A; Wacha, J, 2015) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a loss of nigrostriata dopaminergic neurons, which has been thought, at least in part, to result from oxidative stress." | ( Du, N; Guo, Z; Han, M; Huang, Y; Liu, J; Xu, S, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a motor dysfunction that has been widely studied but many of the reports on commercial drugs for the treatment of this disease have afforded some undesirable side effects that generate an extensive and unviable treatment by economic costs and due to the bioavailability of the assayed compounds." | ( Fazel Nabavi, S; Modak, B; Rastrelli, L; Sobarzo-Sánchez, E; Uriarte, E, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder presenting with characteristic motor symptoms." | ( Fülöp, F; Majláth, Z; Toldi, J; Vécsei, L, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive brain disorder due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Allsop, D; Aojula, H; Emamzadeh, FN; McHugh, PC, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), leading to severe impairment in motor and non-motor functions." | ( Collmann, FM; Dollé, F; Faber, C; Faust, A; Fricke, IB; Hermann, S; Jacobs, AH; Kuhlmann, MT; Schäfers, K; Schwamborn, JC; Viel, T; Vrachimis, A; Wachsmuth, L; Worlitzer, MM, 2016) |
| "The dyskinesia of Parkinson's Disease is most likely due to excess levels of dopamine in the striatum." | ( Boon, WC; Chua, HK; Horne, M; Stanic, D; Tomas, D; White, K, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 3% of those older than 75 years of age." | ( Hernandez, DG; Reed, X; Singleton, AB, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disorder." | ( Cook, AL; Dong, LF; Mackay-Sim, A; Matigian, N; Mellick, GD; Murtaza, M; Neuzil, J; Ravishankar, S; Shan, J; Silburn, P; Todorovic, M; Wood, SA, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons." | ( Audrain, H; Bender, D; Borghammer, P; Brooks, DJ; Fedorova, T; Hansen, AK; Knudsen, K; Landau, AM; Lillethorup, TP; Parbo, P; Østergaard, K, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons, however, nondopaminergic (ND) systems are also involved." | ( Fox, SH; Freitas, ME, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which results in a significant decrease in dopamine levels and consequent functional motor impairment." | ( Canales-Aguirre, AA; Diaz, NF; Díaz-Martínez, NE; Gómez-Pinedo, U; Gutiérrez-Mercado, YK; Marquez-Aguirre, AL; Padilla-Camberos, E; Sandoval-Avila, S, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which is primarily characterized by an abnormal basal ganglia activity." | ( Bokor, M; Gyorfi, O; Keri, S; Nagy, H, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons." | ( Ashraghi, MR; Niccolini, F; Pagano, G; Politis, M; Polychronis, S, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder, which is due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and for which no definitive cure is currently available." | ( Altarche-Xifro, W; Bortolozzi, A; Bové, J; Cosma, MP; di Vicino, U; Muñoz-Martin, MI; Vila, M, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons, mainly in the substantia nigra, and causes serious locomotor dysfunctions." | ( Bordin, DL; Ellwanger, JH; Franke, SI; Henriques, JA; Prá, D, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a highly debilitating neurodegenerative condition whose pathological hallmark is the presence in nerve cells of proteinacious deposits, known as Lewy bodies, composed primarily of amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein." | ( Buell, AK; Dobson, CM; Flagmeier, P; Galvagnion, C; Knowles, TP; Meisl, G; Vendruscolo, M, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder." | ( Outeiro, TF; Paiva, I; Pavlou, MAS; Pinho, R, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder, marked by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway that leads to abnormal gait, rigidity, slowness of movement, and tremor." | ( Baldwin, HA; Harvey, BK; Koivula, PP; Necarsulmer, JC; Whitaker, KW, 2017) |
| "In fact, Parkinson's disease is characterized not only by unilateral motor symptoms that arise at the early stages, but has other non-motor symptoms such as autonomic or cognitive alterations that are also revealed asymmetrically." | ( Banegas, I; Prieto, I; Ramirez-Sanchez, M; Segarra, AB, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a disabling hypokinetic neurological movement disorder in which the aetiology is unknown in the majority of cases." | ( Hurley, MJ; Swart, T, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a debilitating, age-associated movement disorder." | ( Abeliovich, A; Gitler, AD, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of α-synuclein (Lewy bodies)." | ( Doria, M; Lizard, G; Maugest, L; Moreau, T; Vejux, A, 2016) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, with only partial symptomatic therapy and no mechanism-based therapies." | ( Goedert, M; Spillantini, MG; Tofaris, GK, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is accompanied by nonmotor symptoms including cognitive impairment, which precede the onset of motor symptoms in patients and are regulated by dopamine (DA) receptors and the mesocorticolimbic pathway." | ( Mishra, A; Shukla, R; Shukla, S; Singh, S; Srivastava, N, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that is pathologically characterized by intracellular inclusions comprised primarily of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) that can also be transmitted from neuron to neuron." | ( Darley-Usmar, V; Redmann, M; Volpicelli-Daley, L; Wani, WY; Zhang, J, 2017) |
| "Although Parkinson's disease is characterized by dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia, the dopaminergic basis of resting tremor remains unclear: dopaminergic medication reduces tremor in some patients, but many patients have a dopamine-resistant tremor." | ( Aarts, E; Bloem, BR; den Ouden, HE; Dirkx, MF; Helmich, RC; Timmer, MH; Toni, I, 2017) |
| "The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is closely associated with the aggregation of the α-synuclein protein." | ( Ma, B; Nussinov, R; Thompson, D; Xu, L, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by accumulation of intraneuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, Lewy bodies, which mainly consist of aggregated α-synuclein." | ( Bornefall, P; Eriksson, I; Giraldo, AM; Nath, S; Öllinger, K, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra, a process that leads to a dopamine deficiency in the striatum." | ( Azevedo, BN; Calice da Silva, C; da Costa, JC; Machado, DC; Martins, LAM; Zimmer, ER, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a pure asymmetric parkinsonian syndrome, responsive to dopaminergic treatment." | ( Grabli, D, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the presence of insoluble and neurotoxic aggregates (amyloid fibrils) of an intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein." | ( Batra, R; Chowdhury, PK; Gautam, S; Karmakar, S; Kundu, B; Pradhan, P; Sharma, P; Singh, J, 2017) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease is symptomatic with the use of dopaminergic medications: levodopa, dopaminergic agonists and enzymatic inhibitors." | ( Defebvre, L; Moreau, C, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a growing threat to an ever-ageing population." | ( Styczyńska-Soczka, K; Zechini, L; Zografos, L, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is neuropathologically characterised by loss of catecholamine neurons in vulnerable brain regions including substantia nigra pars compacta and locus coeruleus." | ( Liddell, JR; White, AR, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, the aetiology of which remains elusive." | ( Devedjian, JC; Devos, D; Duce, JA; Durham, H; Smith, DP; Wong, BX, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease." | ( Azulay, JP; Blin, O; Guilhaumou, R; Marsot, A, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is assumed to be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction in the affected dopaminergic neurons in the brain." | ( Fuchigami, T; Imamura, H; Kakizuka, A; Nakano, M; Sasaoka, N; Shudo, T; Takahashi, R; Uemura, N; Yamamoto, M, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by progressively distributed Lewy pathology and neurodegeneration." | ( Halliday, GM; Simuni, T; Surmeier, DJ, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative illness after Alzheimer's disease." | ( Ceballos-Baumann, A; Honig, H; Jost, WH; Storch, A; Tönges, L, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a heterogeneous combination of motor and non motor symptoms." | ( Müller, T, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by progressive decline in motor function due to degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, as well as other deficits including cognitive impairment and behavioural abnormalities." | ( Boger, HA; Corum, D; Lynn, MK; Schnellmann, RG; Scholpa, NE, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common, debilitating, neurodegenerative disorder for which the current gold standard treatment, levodopa (L-DOPA) is symptomatic." | ( Cronin, A; Grealy, M, 2017) |
| "Anxiety in Parkinson's disease is a comorbid non-motor symptom that alters the quality of life of patients." | ( Benazzouz, A; Faggiani, E; Janssen, MLF; Naudet, F; Temel, Y, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive, age-related, neurodegenerative disorder, and oxidative stress is an important mediator in its pathogenesis." | ( Saito, Y, 2017) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease, with the majority of cases being sporadic or "idiopathic"." | ( Grünblatt, E; Mandel, SA; Monoranu, CM; Riederer, P; Ruder, J; Youdim, MB, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a growing concern as the longevity of the world's population steadily increases." | ( Bardien, S; Bossert, M; Buckle, C; Carr, J; du Plessis, S; Emsley, R; Seedat, S; van den Heuvel, L; Vink, M, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cardinal motor features, such as bradykinesia, but also vocal deficits (e." | ( Andreatini, R; Bruginski, E; Campos, FR; de Almeida Soares Hocayen, P; Kanazawa, LKS; Miyoshi, E; Schwarting, RKW; Stern, CAJ; Vecchia, DD; Vital, MABF; Wendler, E; Wöhr, M, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is marked clinically by motor dysfunction and pathologically by dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra and iron accumulation in the substantia nigra." | ( Connor, JR; Huang, X; Lamendella, R; Meadowcroft, MD; Nandar, W; Neely, EB; Nixon, AM; Purnell, CJ; Snyder, AM; Wright, J, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc)." | ( Farino, ZJ; Freyberg, RJ; Freyberg, Z; Hnasko, TS; Lu, W; Przedborski, S; Sonders, MS; Steinkellner, T; Villeneuve, M; Zell, V, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of elderly individuals worldwide." | ( Blesa, J; Del Rey, NL; Trigo-Damas, I, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease, associated with reactive gliosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress." | ( Garrett, TJ; Gill, EL; Raman, S; Vedam-Mai, V; Yost, RA, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons." | ( Bair-Marshall, CJ; Girasole, AE; Guenthner, CJ; Kreitzer, AC; Lum, MY; Luo, L; Nathaniel, D; Nelson, AB, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative movement disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from substantia nigra." | ( Alaimo, A; Coluccio Leskow, F; Fuentes, F; Gorojod, RM; Kotler, ML; Martinez, JH; Porte Alcon, S, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with intracellular α-synuclein accumulation and ventral midbrain dopaminergic neuronal death in the Substantia Nigra of brain patients." | ( Berkowitz, L; Calatayud, C; Caldwell, GA; Caldwell, KA; Carballo-Carbajal, I; Consiglio, A; Dalfo, E; Ezquerra, M; Fernández-Carasa, I; Fernández-Santiago, R; Guha, S; Kapahi, P; Kim, H; Lizcano, JM; Miranda-Vizuete, A; Raya, Á; Vila, M, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is caused by complex interactions between environmental factors and a genetic predisposition." | ( Parr-Brownlie, LC; Smith, LM, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a heterogeneous disorder where genetic factors may underlie clinical variability." | ( Bjørnarå, KA; Dietrichs, E; Pihlstrøm, L; Toft, M, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is affecting about 1% of the population above 65 years." | ( Gazzaz, M; Lucio, M; Michalke, B; Schmitt-Kopplin, P; Schroeter, M; Sigaroudi, A; Willkommen, D, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic signaling and the presence of alpha-synuclein aggregates (also called Lewy bodies and neurites) throughout the brain." | ( Brundin, P; Quansah, E; Steiner, JA, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms." | ( D'Abreu, A, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by Lewy body pathology of which the primary constituent is aggregated misfolded alpha-synuclein protein." | ( Fowler, AJ; Moussa, CE, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a leading hypokinetic disorder characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of mid-brain." | ( Deshmukh, R; Kumar, P; Sharma, S, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease." | ( Ketterman, AJ; Kumrapich, B; Roytrakul, S; Saisawang, C; Wipasa, J; Wongtrakul, J, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder." | ( Kalia, LV; Kalia, SK; O'Hara, DM, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a chronic, neurodegenerative disease." | ( Möhr, JD; Müller, T, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder presenting with a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms." | ( O'Keeffe, GW; Sullivan, AM, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive and selective death of dopaminergic neurons." | ( Asadi-Shekaari, M; Eftekhar-Vaghefi, SH; Elyasi, L; Esmaeili-Mahani, S, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neuropathological disorder that belongs to the class of synucleinopathies, in which the protein alpha-synuclein is found at abnormally high concentrations in affected neurons." | ( Britschgi, M; Guerrero-Ferreira, R; Lauer, ME; Mona, D; Riek, R; Ringler, P; Stahlberg, H; Taylor, NM, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is diagnosed upon the presentation of motor symptoms, resulting from substantial degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain." | ( Barnham, KJ; Beauchamp, LC; Bush, AI; Chan, J; Coleman, B; Hill, AF; Hung, LW; Jacobson, L; Lazarou, M; Liu, XM; Padman, BS; Vella, LJ, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a progressive loss of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies containing accumulated alpha-synuclein (α-syn)." | ( Alstrup, AKO; Brooks, DJ; Doudet, DJ; Glud, AN; Hinz, R; Jakobsen, S; Kirik, D; Landau, AM; Landeck, N; Lillethorup, TP; Sørensen, JC; Vang, K, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder." | ( Barker, RA; Stoker, TB, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons (DNs), with currently available therapeutics, such as L-Dopa, only able to relieve some symptoms." | ( Foster, JD; Humphrey, KM; Ohm, JE; Pandey, S; Selvaraj, S; Singh, BB; Sun, Y; Watt, JA; Wu, M, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic innervation in the basal ganglia leading to complex motor and non-motor symptoms." | ( de Almeida Marcelino, AL; Ewert, S; Hamker, F; Horn, A; Irmen, F; Krause, P; Kühn, AA; Neumann, WJ; Schneider, GH; Schroll, H, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by a widely variety of motor and non-motor symptoms." | ( Di Giovanni, G; Galati, S; Grandi, LC, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease increasingly affecting our aging population." | ( Choudhury, GR; Daadi, MM, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is caused by dopamine deficiency in the striatum, which is a result of loss of dopamine neurons from the substantia nigra pars compacta." | ( Inoue, KI; Minamimoto, T; Miyachi, S; Nagai, Y; Nambu, A; Nishi, K; Okado, H; Takada, M, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is pathologically characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the accumulation of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies, which are primarily composed of α-synuclein." | ( Chen, S; He, Y; Yu, Z, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by neurodegeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta." | ( Butler, B; Felfli, M; Lambert, J; Lehéricy, S; Perlbarg, V; Petiet, A; Privat, AL; Valabrègue, R, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder which affects brain metabolism." | ( Supandi, F; van Beek, JHGM, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a chronic multi-system disease that can cause motor and non-motor symptoms, cognitive changes and variably effective medications." | ( Brock, P; Fisher, JM; Hand, A; Walker, RW, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by progressive death of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor and cognitive dysfunction." | ( Bender, CA; Francisco, AB; Glorioso, C; Libert, S; Lugay, FJ; Nicholatos, JW; Salazar, JE; Yeh, T, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to severe motor deficits." | ( Beckstead, MJ; Branch, SY; Chen, C; Ge, G; Li, S; Lynch, WB; Sharpe, AL; Tschumi, CW, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a prevalent and debilitating neurological disorder, where the severity of motor symptoms are frequently monitored using clinical tests that include a hand pronation and supination task." | ( Hernandez, ME; Hu, Y; Ziegelmanl, L, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease resulting in degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons." | ( Hey, SM; Jensen, P; Kristensen, BW; Martínez Serrano, A; Meyer, M; Ryding, M, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, and recent studies suggested that oxidative stress contributes to the degeneration of dopamine cell in Parkinson's disease." | ( Li, J; Liu, Z; Lu, G; Wang, Q; Wang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in adults over the age of 65." | ( Korkmaz, OT; Tunçel, N, 2018) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease without cure." | ( Szabo, A; Tofaris, GK, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, leading to the progressive decline of motor control due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta." | ( Gonzalez, C; Hetz, C; Lopez, N; Martinez, A, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is primarily characterized by diminished dopaminergic function; however, the impact of these impairments on large-scale brain dynamics remains unclear." | ( Bell, PT; Halliday, GM; Lewis, SJG; Matar, E; O'Callaghan, C; Poldrack, RA; Shine, JM, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the deterioration of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta along with a substantial loss of noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus, which is the major source of noradrenaline (NA) in the brain." | ( Bhat, R; Singh, P, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a proteinopathy that includes aggregates of α-synuclein." | ( Flores-Cuadrado, A; Martinez-Marcos, A; Mohedano-Moriano, A; Saiz-Sanchez, D; Ubeda-Bañon, I, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by multiple motor and non-motor symptoms that are difficult to diagnose at early stages of the pathogenesis." | ( Cheng, WH; Liu, RP; Zhang, X; Zhu, JH, 2019) |
| "Dystonia and Parkinson's disease are closely linked disorders sharing many pathophysiological overlaps." | ( Bhatia, KP; Lang, AE; Shetty, AS, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease." | ( Boros, FA; Klivényi, P; Pesei, ZG; Török, R; Vágvölgyi-Sümegi, E; Vécsei, L, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide." | ( Arcos-López, T; Fernández, CO; González, N; König, A; Menacho Márquez, M; Outeiro, TF; Quintanar, L, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is an intractable disorder with heterogeneous clinical presentation that may reflect different underlying pathogenic mechanisms." | ( Figini, S; Galvani, M; Marinus, J; Mastroberardino, PG; Milanese, C; Molano González, N; Nait Abdellah, S; Payán-Gómez, C; Tresini, M; van Hilten, JJ; van Roon-Mom, WMC, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Af Bjerkén, S; Dudka, I; Laterveer, R; Virel, A, 2019) |
| "Pain in Parkinson's disease is not simply a consequence of motor complainants." | ( Buhidma, Y; Duty, S; Leta, V; Malcangio, M; Ray Chaudhuri, K; Rukavina, K; Sportelli, C, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease and is estimated to affect approximately 1-4% of individuals aged over 60 years old." | ( El-Agnaf, OMA; Erskine, D; Fayyad, M; Majbour, N; Mollenhauer, B; Salim, S; Stoops, E, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms linked to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta." | ( Bourque, MJ; Cannon, T; Cayrol, R; Desjardins, M; Ducrot, C; Fahmy, AM; Gruenheid, S; Laplante, A; Le Campion, A; Matheoud, D; McBride, HM; Penttinen, AM; Ramet, L; Trudeau, LE; Voisin, A; Zhu, L, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative movement disorder; however, peripheral symptoms can arise decades prior." | ( Giasson, BI; Sorrentino, ZA, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain." | ( Alonso-Gil, S; Morales-Garcia, JA; Perez-Castillo, A; Santos, Á, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by motor symptoms (akinesia, rigidity, etc." | ( Castro-Zaballa, S; Cavelli, M; Costa, G; Gonzalez, J; Lima, MMS; Prunell, G; Torterolo, P; Velásquez, N, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the degeneration of pigmented dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta." | ( Fu, P; Ko, JK; Lin, K; Yung, KK; Zhang, S; Zhang, Z, 2019) |
| "Rest tremor in Parkinson's disease is related to cerebral activity in both the basal ganglia and a cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit." | ( Bloem, BR; Dirkx, MF; Helmich, RC; Toni, I; van Nuland, A; Zach, H, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is considered to be due to an increase in the catabolism of dopamine by the action of monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes which leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of dopaminergic neurons." | ( Avila-Acevedo, JG; Garcia-Jimenez, S; Monroy-Noyola, A; Montes, S; Perez-Barron, GA; Rios, LC; Rubio-Osornio, M, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and a significant increase in its prevalence in the past three decades has been documented." | ( Cabreira, V; Massano, J, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease." | ( Bi, K; Fan, K; Gong, G; Jia, Y; Li, Y; Sun, Y; Wu, B; Yan, T, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the aggregation of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein and its deposition into pathologic Lewy bodies." | ( Chandra, SS; Fenton, WA; Gorenberg, EL; Horwich, AL; Nagy, M; Taguchi, YV; Thrasher, D; Volpicelli-Daley, L, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by neurodegeneration and learning deficiency." | ( Alaei, H; Esfarjani, F; Marandi, SM; Rezaee, Z, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor." | ( Cools, R; den Ouden, HEM; Dirkx, MFM; Helmich, RC; Scheenen, TWJ; Toni, I; van Asten, JJA; van Nuland, AJM; Zach, H, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly after Alzheimer's disease." | ( Cheng, Z; Haacke, EM; He, N; Jiao, Y; Shi, F; Wang, Q; Xiao, B; Yan, F, 2019) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a loss of dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons and depletion of dopamine." | ( Abd-Elrahman, KS; Bureau, SC; Derksen, A; Dwyer, Z; Farmer, K; Ferguson, SSG; Fortin, T; Hayley, S; Prowse, NA; Rowe, EM; Rudyk, CA; Thompson, AM, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a genetically complex disorder." | ( Ahmed, S; Albert, MS; Alcalay, RN; Bandres-Ciga, S; Blauwendraat, C; Bonet-Ponce, L; Brice, A; Brockmann, K; Cannon, P; Cookson, MR; Corvol, JC; Dawson, TM; Eerola-Rautio, J; Ferrucci, L; Gan-Or, Z; Gasser, T; Gibbs, JR; Greenbaum, L; Grenn, FP; Grosset, D; Hardy, J; Hassin-Baer, S; Heilbron, K; Hernandez, DG; Heutink, P; Hillis, AE; Iwaki, H; Jankovic, J; Krohn, L; Kumaran, R; Langston, R; Leonard, HL; Lesage, S; Majamaa, K; Makarious, MB; Marinus, J; Masliah, E; Morris, CM; Morris, H; Nalls, MA; Noyce, AJ; Pantelyat, A; Pihlstrøm, L; Pletnikova, O; Reed, X; Resnick, SM; Rosenthal, LS; Ruskey, JA; Sabir, M; Scholz, SW; Schulte, C; Sharma, M; Shulman, JM; Shulman, LM; Siitonen, A; Singleton, AB; Tan, M; Tienari, PJ; Toft, M; Troncoso, J; van Hilten, JJ; Wood, N, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common movement disorders and is characterized by dopaminergic cell loss and the accumulation of pathological α-synuclein, but its precise pathogenetic mechanisms remain elusive." | ( Ayaki, T; El-Agnaf, OMA; Hara, J; Hatanaka, Y; Hondo, M; Ikuno, M; Koike, M; Matsuzawa, S; Nakanishi, E; Okuda, S; Parajuli, LK; Sawamura, M; Taguchi, K; Taguchi, T; Takahashi, R; Tanaka, M; Ueda, J; Uemura, MT; Uemura, N; Yamakado, H; Yanagisawa, M, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a very complex public health problem with different etiologies and a wide range of clinical features including motor and non-motor symptoms." | ( Aimrane, A; Draoui, A; El Hiba, O; El Khiat, A; Gamrani, H, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by striatal dopaminergic loss." | ( Brevard, J; Fonseca, KR; Gray, DL; Kozak, R; Popiolek, M; Trapa, P; Young, D, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most severe progressive neurodegenerative disorders, having a mortifying effect on the health of millions of people around the globe." | ( Fayaz, F; Kumar, B; Pandey, M; Pottoo, FH; Sahoo, PK; Sharma, A, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive nervous system disorder characterized by motor, cognitive, sensory, psychiatric, and autonomic disturbances." | ( López, WOC; Rondón-Villarreal, P, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of dopaminergic striatal neurons in basal ganglia." | ( Elango, P; Ghanta, MK; L V K S, B, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder partly caused by the loss of the dopamine neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway." | ( Barrot, M; Bezard, E; Bido, S; Dovero, S; Faivre, F; Joshi, A; Sánchez-Catalán, MJ, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that presents with nonmotor and motor symptoms." | ( Elfil, M; Kamel, S; Kandil, M; Koo, BB; Schaefer, SM, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases." | ( Byeon, JJ; Choi, JM; Kim, N; Lee, BI; Lim, JH; Na, YG; Park, MH; Park, MJ; Park, SJ; Park, Y; Shin, SH; Shin, YG, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and although its aetiology is not yet fully understood, neuroinflammation has been identified as a key factor in the progression of the disease." | ( de Souza, FRO; Lima, PMD; Ribeiro, FM, 2021) |
| "A hallmark of Parkinson's disease is the death of neuromelanin-pigmented neurons, but the role of neuromelanin is unclear." | ( Banerjee, S; Brooks, J; Collingwood, JF; Everett, J; Lermyte, F; Morris, CM; O'Connor, PB; Sadler, PJ; Telling, ND; Tjhin, VT, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system and is mainly characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and pro-oxidant mechanisms." | ( Aragão Catunda Junior, FE; Basto Souza, R; da Cunha Ferreira, NM; de Sousa Dos Reis, TD; Hardy Lima Pontes, N; Maranguape Silva da Cunha, R; Moreira Vasconcelos, CF; Vasconcelos Aguiar, LM, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with aggregation of pathological α-synuclein (αSyn) proteins." | ( Tripathi, T, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive and debilitating disorder that has so far eluded attempts to develop disease-modifying treatment." | ( Hirsch, EC; Standaert, DG, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that manifests as motor deficits, tremors, rigidity, and postural instability." | ( Hattori, N; Nagai, M, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is defined by neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation and it is reported that the presence of the neurofibrillary aggregates such as Lewy bodies is considered as the marker." | ( Das, R; Dhanawat, M; Gupta, S; Mehta, DK, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the transmission and accumulation of toxic species of α-synuclein (α-syn)." | ( Aro, P; Bercow, M; Khrisat, T; Li, N; Liu, Z; Matsumoto, J; Peskind, E; Quinn, JF; Sheng, L; Shi, M; Soltys, D; Stewart, T; Thorland, E; Tian, C; Xie, Z; Yang, D; Zabetian, CP; Zhang, J, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease." | ( Aubignat, M; Krystkowiak, P; Tir, M, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with severe nigro-striatal dopamine depletion, leading to motor dysfunction and altered reward processing." | ( Bloem, BR; Buhmann, C; Helmich, RC; Hulme, OJ; Madsen, KH; Münchau, A; Siebner, HR; van der Vegt, JPM, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the presence of abnormal, intraneuronal α-synuclein aggregates, which may propagate from cell-to-cell in a prion-like manner." | ( Andersen, KB; Bech, E; Berg, D; Bonkat, SK; Borghammer, P; Brooks, DJ; Danielsen, EH; Fedorova, TD; Geday, J; Göder, R; Hansen, SD; Horsager, J; Knudsen, K; Kraft, J; Munk, OL; Okkels, N; Otto, M; Pavese, N; Schaeffer, E; Skjærbæk, C; Sommerauer, M, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in elderly age." | ( Adornato, I; De Luca, L; Gitto, R; Peña-Díaz, S; Ventura, S; Vittorio, S, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common adult-onset, a chronic disorder involving neurodegeneration, which progressively leads to deprivation of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, causing a subsequent reduction of dopamine levels in the striatum resulting in tremor, myotonia, and dyskinesia." | ( Agarwal, T; He, X; Shen, B; Singla, RK, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease for which prevention and effective treatments are lacking." | ( Kawahara, M; Kobayashi, N; Kubota, M; Shimoda, M; Sugizaki, T; Tanaka, KI, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder mainly characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Castonguay, AM; Gravel, C; Lévesque, M, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is clinically defined by bradykinesia, along with rigidity and tremor." | ( Cools, R; den Ouden, HEM; Dirkx, MF; Helmich, RC; Toni, I; van Nuland, AJ; Zach, H, 2020) |
| "Parkinson's disease is an increasingly prevalent and currently incurable neurodegenerative disorder." | ( Jayaram, AK; Knowles, TPJ; Krainer, G; Musteikytė, G; Vendruscolo, M; Xu, CK, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease." | ( Huang, T; Ji, L; Shi, H; Xu, Y, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the midbrain." | ( Ciesla, L; Harding, T; Liang, Q; Maitra, U, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second major neurodegenerative diseases secondarily to Alzheimer's disease." | ( Chen, X; He, Y; Luo, H; Luo, Z; Tian, F; Wang, M; Yin, L; Yu, X; Zhang, G, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a degenerative brain disorder distinguished by growing motor & non-motor failure due to the degeneration of medium-sized spiked neurons in the striatum region." | ( Kumar, P; Kumar, S, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the commonest neurodegenerative disorders, particularly in those over 60 years of age." | ( Paton, DM, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein within the central nervous system (CNS)." | ( Baron, T; Greenlee, JJ; Greenlee, MHW; Mammadova, N; Verchère, J, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder with unclear etiology and only symptomatic treatment to date." | ( Angelopoulou, E; Paudel, YN; Piperi, C, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease." | ( Alrashidi, H; Eaton, S; Heales, S, 2021) |
| "Thus, sporadic Parkinson's disease is caused by multifactorial trigger factors and metabolic disturbances, which need to be considered for the development of potential drugs in the disorder." | ( Riederer, P; Sian-Hulsmann, J, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by accumulation of α-synuclein (αSyn)." | ( Ambasudhan, R; Dolatabadi, N; Eisele, YS; Golde, TE; Goodwin, MS; Grabauskas, T; Karin, M; Kelly, JW; Levites, Y; Lipton, SA; Nazor, KL; Parker, J; Schork, NJ; Sierks, MR; Sultan, A; Trudler, D; Zhong, Z, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a recognisable clinical syndrome with a range of causes and clinical presentations." | ( Bloem, BR; Klein, C; Okun, MS, 2021) |
| "Advanced Parkinson's disease is inconsistently defined, and evidence is lacking in relation to device-aided therapies." | ( Fukae, J; Hatano, T; Hattori, N; Oyama, G; Saiki, S; Shimo, Y; Tsunemi, T, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by motor dysfunctions including bradykinesia." | ( Jensen, BR; Malling, ASB; Meyer, M; Morberg, BM; Schmidt, SI; Wermuth, L, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by nonmotor/motor dysfunction, midbrain dopaminergic neuronal death, and α-synuclein (aSN) deposits." | ( Lerner, A, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease." | ( Cheng, Y; Hu, Y; Li, H; Liu, C; Liu, J; Qin, X; Wang, W; Wei, Y; Zhang, P, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is considered a multifactorial disease and evidence from multiple patient studies and animal models has shown a significant immune component during the course of the disease, highlighting immunomodulation as a potential treatment strategy." | ( Svenningsson, P; Wallin, J, 2021) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease is adversely affected by several factors: the disease progresses relentlessly, the symptoms and rate of progression, other concomitant non-motor symptoms, and the appearance of complications caused by treatment show great heterogeneity." | ( Nagy, F, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra are gradually lost." | ( Dehghani Ashkezari, M; Seifati, SM; Zarrin, P, 2021) |
| "Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases and the leading causes of dementia worldwide." | ( Matos, MJ, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is most highly recognised by tremors of the hands that occur in those afflicted with the disease." | ( Kmanzi, S; Masoumi, M; Mohammadi, H; Wang, H, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease." | ( Dey, A; Maulik, U; Sen, S, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the death of neurons, ie, cells critical to the production of dopamine, an important neurotransmitter in the brain." | ( Akram, M; Ali Shariati, M; Ashiq, M; Azam Ansari, M; Bouyahya, A; El Allam, A; Garipova, L; Ghaffar, A; Jahangeer, M; Latif, S; Maknoon Razia, D; Thiruvengadam, M, 2021) |
| "Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is estimated to be approximately 30% heritable." | ( Feany, MB; Olsen, AL, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease." | ( Bhatia, D; Gadhavi, J; Gupta, S; Patel, M, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by typical motor symptoms, loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, and accumulation of Lewy body composed of mutated α-synuclein." | ( Maruyama, W; Naoi, M; Shamoto-Nagai, M, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms." | ( Iakovleva, OV; Levin, OS, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the intracellular accumulation of insoluble alpha-synuclein aggregates into Lewy bodies and neurites." | ( Abbasi, N; Abdelgawad, A; Caputo, A; Dagher, A; Kehm, V; Kozak, M; Liu, ZQ; Lo, A; Luk, KC; Mišić, B; Rahayel, S; Yoo, HS; Zhang, B; Zheng, YQ, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurological disorder marked by characteristic poverty and dysfunction in movement." | ( Sian-Hülsmann, J, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a gradually progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain area called the substantia nigra pars compacta and cytoplasmic alpha-synuclein-rich inclusions termed Lewy bodies." | ( Exarchos, T; Krokidis, MG; Vlamos, P, 2021) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of misfolded alpha-synuclein in intraneuronal inclusions known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites." | ( Al-Azzani, M; Dominguez-Meijide, A; Flores-León, M; Kanellidi, A; Melki, R; Outeiro, TF; Stefanis, L; Vasili, E, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the formation of neuronal inclusions of α-synuclein in patient brains." | ( Aguirre, C; Baba, K; Choong, CJ; Doi, J; Goto, Y; Hideshima, M; Ikenaka, K; Kakuda, K; Kimura, Y; Mochizuki, H; Nabekura, K; Nagai, Y; Nagano, S; Nakajima, K; Takeuchi, T; Yamaguchi, K, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with the accumulation of α-synuclein (AS) aggregates that include polymorphic AS oligomers and polymorphic fibrils." | ( Lan-Mark, S; Miller, Y, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms." | ( Gencler, OS; Oztekin, MF; Oztekin, N, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by pathological protein inclusions that form in the brains of patients, leading to neuron loss and the observed clinical symptoms." | ( Lee, VM; Marotta, NP, 2022) |
| "The etiology of Parkinson's disease is poorly understood and is most commonly associated with advancing age, genetic predisposition, or environmental toxins." | ( Bernis, ME; Grigoletto, J; Lohmann, S; Ma, L; Pesch, V; Reithofer, S; Tamgüney, G, 2022) |
| "Animal models of Parkinson's disease are useful to evaluate new treatments and to elucidate the etiology of the disease." | ( Avendaño-Estrada, A; Ávila-Rodríguez, MA; Verdugo-Díaz, L, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a chronic and gradually progressive neurodegenerative disorder triggered due to the loss of dopamine-releasing neurons in the region of substantia nigra pars compacta characterized by the motor symptoms, such as tremor, bradykinesia, akinesia, and postural instability." | ( Garabadu, D; Gopika, S; Goyal, A; Kumar, A, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which significantly impacts patients' quality of life and is associated with high treatment and direct healthcare costs." | ( Alobaidi, A; Bao, Y; Chaudhuri, KR; Jalundhwala, YJ; Jones, G; Kandukuri, PL; Madin-Warburton, M; Najle-Rahim, S; Oddsdottir, J; Pickard, AS; Ridley, C; Schrag, A; Sus, J; Xu, W, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss." | ( Choe, HK; Choe, Y; Choi, JW; Choi, M; Jang, S; Kim, D; Kim, J; Kim, K; Moon, C; Park, I; Park, SH; Sun, W, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disease of the nervous system, which is more common in middle-aged and elderly people." | ( Chen, Y; Gao, X; Kong, Q; Zhang, J, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, as well as the accumulation of intraneuronal proteinaceous inclusions known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites." | ( Manglano-Artuñedo, Z; Outeiro, TF; Peña-Díaz, S; Pinheiro, F; Pujols, J; Santos, J; Vasili, E; Ventura, S, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the deposition of α-synuclein, which leads to synaptic dysfunction, the loss of neuronal connections and ultimately progressive neurodegeneration." | ( Facey, PD; Hirth, F; Kocinaj, A; Parsons, AE; Parsons, RB; Prendergast, SA; Ruiz Pulido, G, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the progressive neurodegenerative diseases from which people suffer for years." | ( Abuleil, A; Ajagbe, AO; Alhendawi, BHM; Badri, R; Chaaya, C; Chalhoub, E; Korkusuz, AK; Onyeaka, H; Uwishema, O; Yücel, AN, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the most common movement disorder worldwide because of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Abuleil, A; Ajagbe, AO; Alhendawi, BHM; Badri, R; Chaaya, C; Chalhoub, E; Korkusuz, AK; Onyeaka, H; Uwishema, O; Yücel, AN, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disease, and presently has no curative agent." | ( Botchway, BOA; Fan, R; Jin, T; Liu, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes motor and nonmotor symptoms due to the loss of dopaminergic nerves and is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies, which are mainly composed of α-synuclein." | ( Kodera, K; Matsui, H; Matsui, N; Saitoh, A, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is mainly caused by aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain." | ( Alam, P; Brewer, JR; Holst, MR; Jensen, PH; Lauritsen, L; Nielsen, J; Nielsen, MS; Nielsen, SSE; Otzen, DE, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra with no effective cure available." | ( Abreu, R; Barão, M; Bernardino, L; Cristóvão, AC; Esteves, M; Fernandes, H; Ferreira, L; Ferreira, R; Martins, PAT; Saraiva, C; Serra-Almeida, C, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative condition initially characterized by the presence of tremor, muscle stiffness and impaired balance, with the deposition of insoluble protein aggregates in Lewy's Bodies the histopathological hallmark of the disease." | ( Ceña, V; Pérez-Carrión, MD; Posadas, I; Solera, J, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the gradual appearance of intraneuronal inclusions that are primarily composed of misfolded α-synuclein protein, leading to cytotoxicity and neural death." | ( Djaldetti, R; Herman, S; Mollenhauer, B; Offen, D, 2023) |
| "Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease, the symptoms of which can be treated reasonably well; however, therapeutic recommendations need to be refined based on the observations from everyday practice." | ( Baróti, B; Constantin, V; Forró, T; Frigy, A; Kelemen, K; Metz, J; Mihály, I; Orbán-Kis, K; Szász, JA; Szász, RM; Szatmári, S; Török, Á, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with α-synuclein and Lewy body dementia, a secondary tauopathy related to hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and tauopathy is among several pathophysiological pathways shared between Parkinson's disease and diabetes." | ( Brown, RB, 2022) |
| "Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease." | ( Fung, VS; Griffith, J; Qiu, J; Tsui, D; Waller, S; Williams, L, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that involves the death of the dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway and, consequently, the progressive loss of control of voluntary movements." | ( Catenaccio, A; Chovar, O; Court, F; Elgueta, D; Pacheco, R; Sánchez-Guajardo, V; Ugalde, V, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease." | ( Alayli, A; Borlongan, CV; Choudhary, H; Gordon, J; Lockard, G; Monsour, M, 2022) |
| "Advanced Parkinson's disease is characterized by motor and non-motor fluctuations to oral dopamine replacement therapy." | ( Arlt, C; Ebersbach, G; Eggert, K; Fritz, B; Möller, JC; Schwarz, J; Sensken, SC; Weiss, D, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease, the etiology of which remains unknown, but some likely causes include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation." | ( Barbiero, JK; Bassani, T; Boschen, S; Da Cunha, C; Ramos, DC; Vital, MABF, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, mostly happened in the elder population and the prevalence gradually increased with age." | ( Liu, X; Ming, D; Moussian, B; Pang, M; Peng, R; Su, Y; Wang, P; Wang, Y; Zhu, Y, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common age-related, neurodegenerative disease." | ( Olivas, WM; Snoderly-Foster, LJ, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a universally progressive neurodegenerative disease." | ( Fung, VSC; Griffith, J; Qiu, J; Tsui, D; Waller, S; Williams, L, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder." | ( Boracı, H; Gergin, S; Kirazlı, Ö; Şehirli, ÜS; Yananlı, HR; Yıldız, SD, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by locomotion deficits, dopaminergic neuronal loss and alpha-synuclein (SYN) aggregates; the Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP/p25 or TPPP1) is also implicated in these processes." | ( Berki, T; Lehotzky, A; Oláh, J; Ovádi, J; Szénási, T, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases affecting the ageing population, with a prevalence that has doubled over the last 30 years." | ( Chien, CT; Dewadas, HD; Foo, CN; Lim, YM; Lin, YE; Ravinther, AI; Tong, SR, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease." | ( Blanco-Prieto, MJ; Del Campo-Montoya, R; Garbayo, E; Luquin, MR; Puerta, E, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the preferential loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-expressing dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra." | ( Ayaki, T; Chiba, S; Hirai, H; Hirotsune, S; Ishida, R; Jin, M; Komai, S; Konno, A; Matsumoto, S; Nakajima, H; Taguchi, T; Takahashi, R; Takao, T; Togawa, N; Yamakado, H, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is both a motor and non-motor disorder." | ( Adeyeye, TA; Babatunde, BR; Johnson, VF; Shallie, PD, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the aggregation of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein (αSyn), and its co-assembly with lipids and other cellular matter in the brain." | ( Bernfur, K; Fridolf, S; Linse, S; Pallbo, J; Pham, QD; Sparr, E; Topgaard, D, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the aggregation of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein (αSyn), and its co-assembly with lipids and other cellular matter in the brain." | ( Bernfur, K; Fridolf, S; Linse, S; Pallbo, J; Pham, QD; Sparr, E; Topgaard, D, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by progressive cell death caused by the formation of Lewy bodies containing misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein." | ( Jeong, J; Kim, H; Lee, C, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by progressive cell death caused by the formation of Lewy bodies containing misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein." | ( Jeong, J; Kim, H; Lee, C, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which is characterised mostly by loss of dopaminergic nerve cells throughout the nigral area mainly as a consequence of oxidative stress." | ( Albratty, M; Behl, T; Jain, V; Makeen, HA; Meraya, AM; Najmi, A; Sehgal, A; Sharma, N; Singh, S, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative pathology." | ( Belozertseva, IV; Dorotenko, A; Efimova, EV; Fesenko, Z; Gainetdinov, RR; Mor, MS; Savchenko, A; Sotnikova, TD; Sukhanov, I, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's Disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder globally, with prevalence increasing." | ( Aasly, J; Bandmann, O; Cameron, SA; Clemmens, H; Furneaux, RH; Harris, LD; Hastings, C; Luxenburger, A; Mortiboys, H; Ure, EM; Weymouth-Wilson, A, 2022) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a health-threatening neurodegenerative disease of the elderly with clinical manifestations of motor and non-motor deficits such as tremor palsy and loss of smell." | ( Chen, ML; Li, CL; Li, JY; Li, YB; Liu, JM; Pang, SC; Wang, R; Wang, YM, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurological disease after Alzheimer's." | ( Dubey, SK; Kumari, S; Taliyan, R, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is among the most common forms of neurodegenerative illness, with present treatment being primarily symptomatic and frequently coming with substantial adverse effects." | ( Agrawal, A; Behl, T; Dubey, N; Goyal, A; Kumar, A; Verma, A, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with motor and nonmotor symptoms." | ( Chu, Y; Hirst, WD; Kordower, JH, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder caused by dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia." | ( Kitano, K, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one such disease that is linked with environmental toxin exposure." | ( Ali, SA; Khan, Z, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a severe neurodegenerative disease." | ( Barouki, R; Birman, S; Coumoul, X; Dairou, J; Galardon, E; Gonis, E; Larigot, L; Laurent, C; Le-Grand, B; Mansuy, D; Mathas, N; Nioche, P; Poncet, G; Sari, MA; Tiouaini, M, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons." | ( Farhadi, K; Hosseini, N; Mehrabi, S; Mohtasham Kia, Y; Noori, A, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and yet the early pathophysiological events of the condition and sequences of dysfunction remain unclear." | ( Beccano-Kelly, D; Cragg, SJ; Cramb, KML; Wade-Martins, R, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a complex age-related progressive dopaminergic neurodegenerative disease consistently viewed as a disorder of movement and is characterized by its cardinal motor symptoms." | ( Dhanabal, SP; Dhanasekaran, M; J, JB; Justin, A; Palathoti, N; Ponnusankar, S; Sankar, V; Sivasamy, R, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease and depends on the dopamine system's dysregulation." | ( Algul, O; Ozcelik, I; Yucel, MA, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease." | ( Aleksandrova, Y; Ardashov, O; Chaprov, K; Neganova, M; Podturkina, A; Salakhutdinov, N; Volcho, K; Yandulova, E, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases that have no cure." | ( Chang, CH; Cheng, KC; Chok, D; Ho, CT; Koh, YC; Nagabhushanam, K; Pan, MH; Wei, CC; Wu, CT, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is characterized by the selective death of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and accumulation of amyloid fibrils composed of α-synuclein (αSyn)." | ( Borisova, T; Galkin, M; Priss, A; Shvadchak, VV; Topcheva, O, 2023) |
| "The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is complex and not yet fully clarified and the heterogeneity of the disease, with diverse genetic susceptibility and risk factors and different clinical courses, adds further complexity." | ( Calabresi, P; Campanelli, F; Di Lazzaro, G; Ghiglieri, V; Marino, G, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting mainly the elderly population." | ( Bhatt, LK; Siddiqui, T, 2023) |
| "Older adults with Parkinson's disease are sensitive to adverse effects of psychotropic agents, including SSRIs, which are not recommended first-line agents for behavioral symptoms in PDD." | ( Albalawi, A, 2023) |
| "The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is complex, and abnormal lipid metabolism resulting in ferroptosis due to the excessive accumulation of free radicals from oxidative stress in the substantia nigra of the brain was thought to be one of the factors causing the disease." | ( Feng, X; Jiang, L; Li, M; Liu, M; Wang, W; Yang, D; Zhang, J, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is accompanied by the presence of amyloids in the brain that are formed of α-synuclein chains." | ( Chesney, AD; Hansmann, UHE; Maiti, B, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases." | ( Jin, H; Li, S; Liu, X; Ma, T; Peng, Y; Shen, Z; Wang, J; Yao, J; Zeng, M, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by oxidative stress and immune activation in the nigro-striatal pathway." | ( León, CTG; Monroy, A; Montes, S; Morales-Montor, J; Ríos, C; Rubio, C; Rubio-Osornio, M, 2023) |
| "Advanced Parkinson's disease is characterized by periods of poor mobility, dyskinesia and progressive decline in functional independence of the affected person despite the manipulation of levodopa doses and the introduction of supplemental therapies such as catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors, monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors and dopamine agonists." | ( Antonini, A; D'Onofrio, V; Guerra, A, 2023) |
| "The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is closely linked to impaired mitochondrial function and abnormal mitophagy." | ( Du, M; Li, H; Xia, X; Xu, X; Zhao, G, 2023) |
| "Similarly, Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in motor symptoms." | ( Geelhand de Merxem, R; Hanak, C; Launay, S, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative condition that has no cure, characterized by the progressive degeneration of specific brain cells responsible for producing dopamine, a crucial neurotransmitter for controlling movement and muscle coordination." | ( Costa, EV; Costa, RA; Mary, YS; S Al-Otaibi, J; Tananta, VL, 2023) |
| "Parkinson's disease is associated with increased inflammation, but this is insufficient to underpin dyskinesia." | ( Egan, T; Kuriakose, A; Rentsch, P; Stayte, S; Vissel, B, 2023) |
| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Sixty cases of Parkinson's disease were treated with piribedil alone (dose : 274 mg/day, duration : 20,4 months)." | ( Bastard, J; Chanelet, J; Emile, J; Six, P; Truelle, JL, 1977) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease showed a relatively high incidence to psychoses during drug treatment (51." | ( Danielczyk, W, 1979) |
| "In eight subjects with Parkinson's disease under an optimal daily dose of L-dopa, acute administration of MIF-I (200 mg i." | ( Caraceni, T; Celano, I; Cocchi, D; Frigerio, C; Girotti, F; Müller, EE; Parati, EA, 1979) |
| "Like the diabetic, the patients with Parkinson's disease may run into problems during long-term treatment." | ( Marsden, CD; Parkes, JD, 1977) |
| "Six patients with Parkinson's disease developed nocturnal myoclonic attacks after prolongued treatment with L-Dopa which were electroencephalographically recorded." | ( Glaubman, H; Rabey, JM; Streifler, M; Vardi, J, 1978) |
| "In 13 elderly patients, 12 of whom had Parkinson's disease, visual hallucinations and delirium developed as a side effect of amantadine hydrochloride (Symmetrel) therapy." | ( Postma, JU; Van Tilburg, W, 1975) |
| "In 13 patients with Parkinson's disease treated with lergotrile (up to 12 mg a day), overall improvement was observed in five." | ( Battista, AF; Goldstein, M; Lieberman, A; Miyamoto, T, 1975) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease is discussed." | ( Godwin-Austen, RB, 1977) |
| "Four women with Parkinson's disease undergoing prolonged levodopa therapy had daily episodes of dystonic posturing, affecting one lower extremity, several years after initiation of treatment." | ( Melamed, E, 1979) |
| "Nine patients 55 to 74 years old with Parkinson's disease were tested before and after treatment with 50 to 225 mg dimepramine fumarate (CIBA G-31406) for about three weeks daily in order to determine the drug's effects on electrodermal responsiveness to a series of unpredictably occurring loud sounds." | ( Feldman, RG; Gade, A; Oscar-Berman, M; Saavedra, MA, 1979) |
| "Twenty-six patients affected by Parkinson's disease were treated with a 2-Br-alpha-ergocriptine (CB 154): 14 cases were given CB 154 alone, and 12 were given CB 154 along with L-dopa plus benserazide (Madopar)." | ( Caraceni, TA; Celano, I; Girotti, F; Parati, E, 1977) |
| "Of 88 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, without prior psychotic symptoms, and without significant dementia, nearly half had experienced vivid dreams, hallucinations, illusions, and nonconfusional as well as confusional psychoses as side effects of chronic levodopa therapy within the previous year of treatment." | ( Klawans, HL; Moses, H; Moskovitz, C, 1978) |
| "Thirteen patients with Parkinson's disease, whose disability was increasing and on long-term levodopa therapy (both with and without carbidopa), had the levodopa fully replaced by bromocriptine." | ( Gilligan, B; Stark, R; Wodak, J, 1978) |
| "Patients who had had Parkinson's disease for more than 4 years appeared to do less well than those with recently diagnosed disease, but many patients responded well even when treatment was initiated 10 years after the onset of symptoms." | ( Bladin, PF; Donnan, GA; Vajda, FJ, 1978) |
| "Fifteen patients with early or mild Parkinson's disease were studied clinically and electroencephalographically while receiving L-dopa or placebo treatment." | ( Ferriss, GS; Martinez, RD; Paddison, RM, 1976) |
| "Thirty-one patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with the ergot alkaloid bromocriptine, a drug which stimulates dopamine receptors." | ( Asselman, P; Donaldson, I; Galea-Debono, A; Kennedy, G; Marsden, CD; Parkes, JD; Walters, J, 1976) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease today is complex, time-consuming, but rewarding." | ( Marsden, CD, 1976) |
| "Twenty-three patients with Parkinson's disease participated in long-term, double-blind evaluations of the effectiveness and side effects of amantadine in combination with levodopa therapy." | ( Fahn, S; Isgreen, WP, 1975) |
| "Eleven patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with bromocriptine (mean dose, 26." | ( Battista, A; Boal, D; Fuxe, K; Goldstein, M; Hassouri, H; Lieberman, A; Vogel, B; Zolfaghari, M, 1976) |
| "It is characteristic of Parkinson's disease and responds to treatment with L-dopa either alone or in combination with a decarboxylase inhibitor." | ( McKinney, AS, 1977) |
| "A patient with Parkinson's disease, in whom polycythemia vera was known to be present for several years prior to the onset of parkinsonian symptoms, received treatment with a preparation consisting of L-dopa plus a decarboxylase inhibitor (Madopar)." | ( Herishanu, Y; Rosenberg, P, 1977) |
| "The "On-Off Effect" in levodopa treated Parkinson's disease began in a few patients during the first year of treatment." | ( Clark, EC; Feinstein, B, 1977) |
| "Six patients with Parkinson's disease and five controls were premedicated with probenecid and the peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-methyldopathydrazine (Carbidopa) before intravenous administration of 50 muc of 14C-L-dopa in tracer quantity." | ( Bowers, MB; Extein, I; Roth, RH; Van Woert, M, 1976) |
| "Two patients with severe Parkinson's disease were treated with electroconvulsive therapy for a supervening depression." | ( Jenkins, RB; Lebensohn, ZM, 1975) |
| "A group of 71 patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with L-Dopa and benserazide during periods ranging from 27 to 60 months." | ( Chouza, C; Gomensoro, JB; Romero, S, 1975) |
| "92 patients with Parkinson's disease not previously treated with levodopa were considered as eligible for this triple-blind trial." | ( Birket-Smith, E; Dupont, E; Hansen, E; Mikkelsen, B; Pakkenberg, H; Presthus, J; Rautakorpi, I; Riman, E; Rinne, UK, 1976) |
| "After 9 years of treatment for Parkinson's disease, a 68-year-old woman developed the complications of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) while she was still receiving levodopa, bromocriptine and amantadine hydrochloride." | ( Ogawa, N; Yamawaki, Y, 1992) |
| "The clinical management of Parkinson's disease has been revolutionized by the introduction of levodopa therapy." | ( Asanuma, M; Hirata, H; Kondo, Y; Ogawa, N, 1992) |
| "Amantadine is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease without a well established mechanism of action." | ( Booij, J; Drukarch, B; Stoof, JC, 1992) |
| "In the patients with Parkinson's disease measurements were made in both the untreated state and after an injection of the dopamine agonist apomorphine (treated state)." | ( Cox, M; Markus, HS; Tomkins, AM, 1992) |
| "Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) can be divided into two categories: symptomatic therapy (restoring dopamine levels toward normal and reversing functional disability) and preventive therapy (interfering with the pathophysiologic mechanism of PD to prevent or decrease the rate of progression of the disease)." | ( Koller, WC, 1992) |
| "A patient with Parkinson's disease, initially treated with bromocriptine and subsequently with cabergoline, developed progressive pleuropulmonary abnormalities during the latter therapy." | ( Demedts, M; Dom, R; Frans, E, 1992) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease seems to be moving slowly from mere symptomatic therapy to the one which is aiming the protection of nigral cells." | ( Mizuno, Y, 1992) |
| "The management of patients with early Parkinson's disease should now take into account the possibility that MAO-B inhibitors may provide neuroprotective therapy, that dopamine undergoes oxidative metabolism and has the potential to generate cytotoxic free radicals, and that the early employment of drugs which provide sustained central dopamine agonism may delay the development of adverse effects associated with chronic levodopa therapy." | ( Olanow, CW, 1992) |
| "In the brains of subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with levodopa, a significant reduction of PST activities was observed in hypothalamus, frontal and temporal cortex, amygdaloid nucleus, occipital and parietal cortex (between 20 and 38." | ( Baran, H; Jellinger, K, 1992) |
| "Twenty-nine patients with advanced Parkinson's disease were treated with subcutaneous lisuride infusion in addition to a basic therapy consisting of levodopa + PDI in all, and deprenyl in some patients." | ( Heinz, A; Klewin, I; Klotz, P; Kuhn, W; Przuntek, H; Suchy, I, 1992) |
| "215 Chinese Parkinson's disease (PD) patients on levodopa therapy were followed up between 1982 and 1991." | ( Chia, LG; Liu, LH, 1992) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease tend to have a reduced response to levodopa after 5 to 20 years of therapy, with "on-off" fluctuations consisting of dyskinesia alternating with immobility." | ( Breeze, RE; Freed, CR; Kriek, E; Lone, T; Qi, JX; Rosenberg, NL; Schneck, SA; Snyder, JA; Wells, TH; Zhang, YB, 1992) |
| "50 de novo patients with Parkinson's disease were investigated in a retrospective study after selegiline (-)deprenyl monotherapy and a combination of (-)deprenyl and levodopa." | ( Málly, J, 1992) |
| "20 patients with Parkinson's disease and a fluctuating response to chronic treatment with conventional L-dopa preparations participated in an open randomized trial comparing two sustained-release L-dopa preparations (Madopar HBS, Sinemet CR4)." | ( Kleedorfer, B; Poewe, W, 1992) |
| "Since Parkinson's disease was first described by James Parkinson in 1817, the natural history has been confounded by various treatment modalities: the replenishment of deficient dopamine, the addition of the dopamine agonists, and the more recent addition of drugs whose putative action may slow the natural history of the disease." | ( Hoehn, MM, 1992) |
| "Although not significant, more severe Parkinson's disease was associated with greater IRI, timekeeper and motor delay variance, while administration of levodopa resulted in reduction of the three types of variance." | ( Artieda, J; Jahanshahi, M; Obeso, JA; Pastor, MA, 1992) |
| "Newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients maintained on (-)deprenyl need levodopa significantly later than their placebo-treated peers." | ( Knoll, J, 1992) |
| "Akathisia improved in 4 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease after low dose propranolol treatment." | ( Adler, LA; Angrist, B; Rotrosen, J; Weinreb, H, 1991) |
| "administration to 13 patients with Parkinson's disease." | ( Agnoli, A; Baronti, F; Horowski, R; Lucarelli, C; Ruggieri, S; Stocchi, F; Viselli, F, 1991) |
| "Among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients complaining of pain, 10 with pain not associated with a motor fluctuation or L-dopa therapy were evaluated." | ( Matsushima, E; Nishikawa, S; Sano, K; Takahashi, K; Takao, T; Urakami, K, 1990) |
| "Eighteen patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with placebo for 4 weeks and with the MAO-B inhibitor selegiline for 8 weeks without levodopa in a randomized double-blind clinical study." | ( Hietanen, MH, 1991) |
| "The case of a 60 year old patient with Parkinson's disease is reported, who, following 2 years of treatment with bromocriptine, presented a left pleural effusion in which chronic constrictive pericarditis was demonstrated." | ( Aguilar, M; Alió, J; Saura, J, 1991) |
| "Current long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease is inadequate, and improved symptomatic and neuroprotective therapies are needed." | ( Greenamyre, JT; O'Brien, CF, 1991) |
| "Chronic L-DOPA treatment of Parkinson's disease frequently leads to the development of motoric overstimulation and hyperkinetic movements." | ( Carey, RJ, 1991) |
| "We treated 20 early Parkinson's disease subjects with the dopamine agonist lisuride in combination with the MAO-B inhibitor selegiline (L-deprenyl)." | ( Bruggi, P; Horowski, R; Martignoni, E; Nappi, G; Pacchetti, C; Rainer, E; Runge, I, 1991) |
| "Nine levodopa treated patients with Parkinson's disease and severe on-off syndrome received apomorphine." | ( Christensen, PB; Dupont, E; Jensen, NB, 1991) |
| "The influence of age of onset of Parkinson's disease on the severity and the pattern of motor symptoms was investigated by comparing the motor scores with and without levodopa therapy in two groups of patients divided according to age of onset (early less than 50, late greater than 60 years) and matched for disease duration (n = 69 in each group, Study I)." | ( Agid, Y; Blin, J; Bonnet, AM; Brandabur, M; Dubois, B; Vidailhet, M, 1991) |
| "The current study on 36 patients with Parkinson's disease under long-term treatment with levodopa/dopadecarboxylase inhibitor showed, however, that the erythrocyte-COMT was unaffected by additional (-)-deprenyl medication." | ( Dettner, O; Gerlach, M; Kuhn, W; Przuntek, H; Russ, H, 1991) |
| "Long-term treatment of human Parkinson's disease with levodopa or dopamine agonists is often complicated by the appearance of abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesias) that are extremely difficult to control." | ( Crossman, AR, 1990) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease have been suspected to have a low incidence of DIC, and this may be the first case report on successful treatment of levodopa-induced NMS with DIC in the patient with Parkinson's disease." | ( Ogawa, N; Yamawaki, Y, 1991) |
| "Six patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and therapeutic response fluctuations (RF) on levodopa treatment participated in an open-label trial of L-deprenyl (Eldepryl) in conjunction with Sinemet." | ( Cedarbaum, JM; Clark, M; Harts, A; Kutt, H; Silvestri, M, 1990) |
| "Fifty Thai patients with Parkinson's disease of all staging were allocated for 10 mg/day L-deprenyl therapy as the monotherapy (6 patients) and adjunctive therapy for at least two months." | ( Poungvarin, N; Viriyavejakul, A, 1990) |
| "When used to treat patients with Parkinson's disease pergolide acts at dopamine receptors in the corpus striatum to improve locomotor activity, reducing the tremor, gait disturbances, bradykinesia or akinesia and rigidity experienced by such patients." | ( Clissold, SP; Langtry, HD, 1990) |
| "Abnormalities of foot strike in idiopathic Parkinson's disease may be amenable to therapy: objective measurements may reveal response which is not clinically apparent." | ( Bowes, SG; Deshmukh, AA; Dobbs, RJ; Dobbs, SM; Hughes, JR; Leeman, AL; Nicholson, PW; O'Neill, CJ, 1990) |
| "Fifty four patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease receiving levodopa therapy were studied." | ( Berger, HJ; Horstink, MW; Pasman, JW; van't Hof, MA; Zijlmans, JC, 1990) |
| "For patients with Parkinson's disease there was no correlation between the change in their peak BP negativity (N1) after L-DOPA and their change in clinical mobility; in addition, there was no difference in the peak BP negativity of patients OFF therapy and that of age-matched normals, though there was a slight decrease in the amplitude of the early part of the BP for the patients with Parkinson's disease; this was the same part that had been enlarged by L-DOPA therapy." | ( Benecke, R; Buruma, O; Cantello, R; Day, BL; Dick, JP; Gioux, M; Marsden, CD; Rothwell, JC; Thompson, PD, 1987) |
| "Eleven patients with severe Parkinson's disease and on-off-phenomena were included in a controlled double-blind study on the effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)." | ( Andersen, K; Balldin, J; Gottfries, CG; Granérus, AK; Modigh, K; Svennerholm, L; Wallin, A, 1987) |
| "Two patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with 1 g tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) for 5 days." | ( Dissing, IC; Gerdes, AM; Güttler, F; Lou, H; Lykkelund, C; Pakkenberg, H; Rasmussen, V, 1989) |
| "Twelve patients with Parkinson's disease on treatment with L-dopa who showed evidence of wearing-off effects or motor oscillation were studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to compare conventional doses of deprenyl with higher doses (up to 40 mg/day) and placebo." | ( Eatough, VM; Frankel, JP; Kempster, PA; Lees, AJ; Nathanson, M; Stern, GM; Stibe, CM, 1989) |
| "Treating psychosis in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the more difficult problems in clinical psychiatry." | ( Dean, RC; Roberts, HE; Stoudemire, A, 1989) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease can be demanding, rewarding and sometimes frustrating, but it remains a most challenging exercise in pharmacotherapy." | ( Calne, DB; Wolters, EC, 1989) |
| "The latest improvements in Parkinson's disease therapy are reviewed with particular emphasis on the management of long-term treatment syndrome, which has become the chief problem for Parkinson patients since the introduction of levodopa." | ( Caraceni, T; Geminiani, G; Tamma, F, 1989) |
| "Unified Parkinson's disease, Hoehn and Yahr, Schwab and England scores, number of hours on per day, number of hours of dyskinesia per day, daily dose of levodopa, and number of doses per day were monitored at the end of each treatment period and the results compared." | ( Factor, SA; Ingenito, AM; Sanchez-Ramos, JR; Weiner, WJ, 1989) |
| "Ten patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with motor fluctuations under levodopa treatment were given repeated equal subcutaneous injections of apomorphine [minimal effective dose (MED)] in 1 day." | ( Grandas, F; Obeso, JA, 1989) |
| "101 patients with Parkinson's disease were analyzed in a retrospective study to evaluate the influence of L-Dopa monotherapy, duration of the disease and age at onset on the clinical course of the syndrome." | ( Emskötter, T; Heidenreich, C; Lachenmayer, L, 1989) |
| "We studied whether Parkinson's disease patients who had lost efficacy from pergolide (PERG) could benefit if transferred to bromocriptine (BCT) therapy." | ( Carroll, VS; Goetz, CG; Klawans, HL; Shannon, KM; Tanner, CM, 1989) |
| "Patients were selected with idiopathic Parkinson's disease without other associated neurological disease or dementia; 20 had never received antiparkinsonian drugs and in 25 such treatment had been stopped for at least 2 days." | ( Clanet, M; Doyon, B; Montastruc, JL; Rascol, A; Rascol, O; Simonetta, M; Soulier-Esteve, MJ, 1989) |
| "Two L-dopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease who developed distressing belching during "off" periods are reported." | ( Crichton, P; Frankel, JP; Kempster, PA; Lees, AJ; Shorvon, P, 1989) |
| "28 patients with Parkinson's disease showing complex "on-off" fluctuations in response to chronic levodopa plus dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (po) were treated with subcutaneous lisuride using a portable infusion pump." | ( Luquin, MR; Martînez Lage, JM; Obeso, JA; Vaamonde, J, 1988) |
| "Thirteen patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and "on-off" fluctuations on oral levodopa plus dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (DDI) were treated with continuous (24 hour) subcutaneous lisuride infusions together with a reduced dose of levodopa (plus DDI)." | ( Critchley, PH; Grandas Perez, F; Marsden, CD; Parkes, JD; Quinn, NP, 1988) |
| "Four patients with Parkinson's disease and severe fluctuating responses to levodopa and oral dopamine agonists were treated with continuous administration of lisuride infusions, administered by means of an externally worn pump." | ( Fernandez Pardal, M; Gatto, M; Micheli, F; Perez y Gonzalez, N, 1988) |
| "Thirty patients with Parkinson's disease, treated with levodopa for the past few years, concomitantly received 500 mg of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDPC) daily for 30 days." | ( Cubells, JM; Hernando, C, 1988) |
| "In experimental Parkinson's disease, we studied the effects of chronic administration (30 days), withdrawal, and reinstitution of bromocriptine." | ( Baden, DR; Kenny, AM; Murrin, LC; Pfeiffer, RF; Schneider, MB, 1986) |
| "A series of 203 patients with primary Parkinson's disease treated with L-DOPA, with adequate neurological documentation of mental status at serial intervals during their illness, constitutes the study population." | ( Elizan, TS; Maker, H; Smith, H; Sroka, H; Yahr, MD, 1986) |
| "In addition the time from the onset of Parkinson's disease to significantly longer in the group of patients which were treated with Madopar and (-)deprenyl in combination." | ( Birkmayer, GD; Birkmayer, W, 1986) |
| "The classical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) using L-dopa plus a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (DI) often leads after 3-5 years to the onset of the so-called long-term L-dopa syndrome (LTS)." | ( Agnoli, A; Baronti, F; Denaro, A; Ruggieri, S; Stocchi, F, 1986) |
| "28 patients with Parkinson's disease and long-term levodopa therapy have received additional selegiline (10 mg/d) over the past 3 years and been followed up for a mean period of 18." | ( Gerstenbrand, F; Poewe, W; Ransmayr, G, 1987) |
| "To simulate an animal model of Parkinson's disease, MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine) was administered to five monkeys." | ( Imai, H; Itakura, T; Kamei, I; Komai, N; Naka, Y; Nakai, K; Nakakita, K, 1988) |
| "In 22 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, we tested spatial orientation with the rod orientation test, before and after levodopa substitution therapy was started." | ( De Jong, GJ; Hovestadt, A; Meerwaldt, JD, 1988) |
| "We postulated that in certain types of Parkinson's disease, the generalized defect of 5HT and enzyme metabolism might primarily exist, and might influence the efficacy of L-dopa therapy and the prognosis of the disease." | ( Ishizaki, F; Nishikawa, S, 1988) |
| "A patient with recent-onset Parkinson's disease was tested for mood, physical disability, and cognition, before treatment and then during and after a period of levodopa-induced hypersexuality." | ( Harvey, NS, 1988) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease and the "on-off" syndrome studied during an "on" phase (under levodopa therapy) and on another occasion after withdrawal of levodopa ("off") demonstrated a significant change in the uptake of [99mTc]-d,l-HM-PAO in the caudate nucleus (lower on "off") and thalamus (higher on "off")." | ( Burns, A; Costa, DC; Ell, PJ; Levy, R; Philpot, M, 1988) |
| "Sixty-three patients with Parkinson's disease who failed bromocriptine therapy for various reasons were treated in an open-label trial of pergolide." | ( Factor, SA; Sanchez-Ramos, JR; Weiner, WJ, 1988) |
| "Sixteen patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and motor fluctuations were evaluated throughout 12 months of open label therapy on CR4-Sinemet." | ( Carroll, VS; Carvey, PM; Gilley, D; Goetz, CG; Klawans, HL; Shannon, KM; Tanner, CM, 1988) |
| "Results obtained in 22 patients with Parkinson's disease in whom treatment with standard Madopar was replaced by Madopar HBS, a CR formulation of the same product, are presented." | ( D'Andrea, G; Durisotti, C; Ferro-Milone, F; Lion, P; Lorizio, A; Nordera, GP, 1987) |
| "In 23 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease presenting with severe fluctuations in motor performance and 'on-off' phenomena after long-term treatment with levodopa, the standard form of Madopar was replaced by the controlled-release form Madopar HBS." | ( Heersema, T; Jansen, EN; Meerwaldt, JD; Speelman, JD; van Manen, J, 1987) |
| "In 3 patients with longstanding Parkinson's disease treated with Madopar or Nacom, who were not included in the study, the doses of the above drugs could be maintained or reduced by addition of deprenyl." | ( Grundmann, M; Schimrigk, K, 1987) |
| "Thirty-eight patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with a protein-restricted diet in addition to their usual drug regime." | ( Lang, AE; Riley, D, 1988) |
| "In a 39-year-old man with Parkinson's disease and a history of anxiety disorders, anxiety-provoking situations such as group psychotherapy precipitated panic attacks and caused pronounced worsening of the parkinsonian symptoms." | ( Ahlskog, JE; Black, JL; Routh, LC, 1987) |
| "A group of 19 patients with Parkinson's disease, who began dopa therapy 1 to 3 years after onset of symptoms, were followed for 12 years." | ( Diamond, SG; Markham, CH, 1986) |
| "Treatment of Parkinson's disease is not difficult in the early stages of the disease; a therapeutic regimen of carbidopa-levodopa or possibly, a combination of carbidopa-levodopa and bromocriptine, provides the best therapeutic results." | ( Muenter, MD, 1986) |
| "In 47 patients with Parkinson's disease, we studied the visual evoked potential (VEP) using the pattern-reversal checkerboard (CBVEP) and the grating (GVEP) stimuli before and after 3 months of L-dopa therapy." | ( Bhaskar, EA; Bhaskar, PA; Devaprabhu, A; Ganesan, RA; Vanchilingam, S, 1986) |
| "Thirty-five patients with early mild Parkinson's disease were treated from the outset with small doses of L-dopa (mean dose, 396 to 454 mg daily) and a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, for a mean of 6 years." | ( Lees, AJ; Poewe, WH; Stern, GM, 1986) |
| "Ten patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and severe motor-fluctuations participated in an open inpatient trial comparing the efficacy of standard L-Dopa/benserazide (Madopar) treatment with that of an oral sustained-release preparation (Madopar HBS) combined with the standard drug." | ( Lees, AJ; Poewe, WH; Stern, GM, 1986) |
| "Nine patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were treated with pergolide to a daily maintenance dose of 2." | ( Hamill, R; Kurlan, R; Levy, R; Macik, B; Miller, C; Shoulson, I, 1985) |
| "Twenty patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with the 8-alpha-ergoline derivative mesulergine." | ( Glaeske, C; Pfeiffer, RF; Wilken, K, 1985) |
| "We treated 12 patients with Parkinson's disease with an 8-alpha-amino-ergoline derivative, CU 32-085." | ( Hietanen, M; Huttunen, J; Teräväinen, H, 1985) |
| "In 18 patients with Parkinson's disease, the effects of pergolide after 28 months of treatment were compared with the response after the initial 10-week therapy." | ( Jankovic, J, 1985) |
| "Studies performed on 18 patients with Parkinson's disease and 6 control subjects have shown that acute administration of L-DOPA in clinically effective doses gives rise to a diffuse increase in regional cerebral blood flow without accompanying stimulation of regional oxygen utilization." | ( Causon, R; Gibbs, JM; Jones, T; Leenders, KL; Legg, NJ; Wise, RJ; Wolfson, L, 1985) |
| "Twenty Parkinson's disease patients, who had not yet received levodopa, were treated with low-dose bromocriptine." | ( Delgado, MR; Grimes, JD, 1985) |
| "15 years' experience with Parkinson's disease treated with levodopa was compared to the 15 years before the advent of levodopa." | ( Hoehn, MM, 1985) |
| "The literature on the association of Parkinson's disease, levodopa therapy and melanoma is reviewed." | ( Rampen, FH, 1985) |
| "Each patient had a long history of Parkinson's disease treated with a carbidopa-levodopa combination." | ( Feinberg, SS; Feldman, RG; Friedman, JH, 1985) |
| "Sixty patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, irrespective of previous treatment, were recruited and treated with benserazide/l-dopa or carbidopa/l-dopa, randomly allocated, in a double-blind comparative study." | ( Admani, AK; Cordingley, GJ; Harris, RI; Verma, S, 1985) |
| "Thirty-four patients with advanced Parkinson's disease showing intolerance to therapeutic doses of L-DOPA were treated with L-DOPA plus carbidopa at two different proportions." | ( Bermejo Pareja, F; de Yébenes, JG; Martinez-Martin, P; Muradas, V, 1985) |
| "Forty-seven patients with Parkinson's disease were evaluated prior to and during levodopa treatment (at five weeks and at six months), to obtain quantitative measures of the effects of the disease and of levodopa on a variety of cognitive and psychomotor functions, by means of psychological tests and special apparatus." | ( Radbill, R; Rosenberg, G; Schwartz, A, 1974) |
| "Thirty patients with Parkinson's disease were treated for four weeks with levodopa combined with an inhibitor of extracerebral dopa decarboxylase, L-alpha-methyldopahydrazine (MK 486)." | ( Barry, PE; Marsden, CD; Parkes, JD; Zilkha, KJ, 1973) |
| "A small group of patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with oral l-dopa." | ( Hofmann, WW; Ryan, RL, 1970) |
| "Eighty-eight patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with levodopa." | ( Barbeau, A; Libman, I; Mars, H; Rosenberg, G; Schwartz, A; Spencer, A, 1972) |
| "One hundred patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with levodopa for more than a year at UCLA Medical Center." | ( Ansel, RD; Markham, CH; Treciokas, LJ, 1971) |
| "Twenty-two patients with Parkinson's disease were treated for the periods of up to six months with L-dopa." | ( Bianchine, JR; Peaston, MJ, 1970) |
| "Interest in l-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease has been considerably enhanced since the recent release of this drug to all medical practitioners." | ( Kofman, O, 1971) |
| "With the exception of Parkinson's disease, there is little evidence that treatments which decrease DA function are potent inducers of depression, but it is argued that such a relationship might not necessarily be expected." | ( Willner, P, 1983) |
| "In 6 hypertensive patients with Parkinson's disease, chronic treatment with bromocriptine (46." | ( Chamontin, B; Montastruc, JL; Rascol, A, 1984) |
| "The approach to treatment of Parkinson's disease depends on the severity of symptoms at presentation and the response to previous therapy." | ( Burton, K; Calne, DB, 1984) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease have a decrement in homovanillic acid that is reversed by treatment with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine." | ( Aguado, EG; de Yebenes, JG; Mena, MA, 1984) |
| "Chronic high-dose levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease is associated with an apparent loss of efficacy and an increased prevalence of side effects which limit its effectiveness." | ( Koller, WC, 1983) |
| "In the initial stage of Parkinson's disease deprenyl is only partially sufficient as monotherapy." | ( Csanda, E; Tárczy, M, 1983) |
| "A 77-year-old man with Parkinson's disease of long standing, under treatment with L-DOPA and benserazide, was administered DL-threo-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DL-threo-DOPS), a precursor of norepinephrine, for 10 days." | ( Kuroda, H; Nukina, I; Ogawa, N; Ota, Z; Yamamoto, M, 1984) |
| "The drug treatment of Parkinson's disease has progressed through 3 main stages: firstly, the use of anticholinergic drugs and amantadine; then the introduction of levodopa and its association with peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors; and finally the use of direct acting dopamine agonist drugs." | ( Quinn, NP, 1984) |
| "The drug treatment of Parkinson's disease should be tailored to the age of the patient, coexistence of dementia or postural hypotension, duration of the disease process and the emergence of side effects." | ( Morris, JG, 1984) |
| "Thirty-three patients with advanced Parkinson's disease complicated by end of dose deterioration were treated with bromocriptine." | ( Bouchard, S; Grimes, JD; King, DB; Kofman, OS; Molina-Negro, P; Wilson, AF, 1984) |
| "In patients with Parkinson's disease who had never previously been treated with any antiparkinsonism drug, we studied the effects of L-dopa on ballistic arm abduction movement in a step-tracking task." | ( Baroni, A; Benvenuti, F; Fantini, L; Pantaleo, T; Urbani, F, 1984) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease treated with levodopa over the past 15 years were compared, by parallel statistical methods, to a group of similar patients followed for 15 years before the levodopa era." | ( Maier Hoehn, MM, 1983) |
| "Low age at onset of Parkinson's disease, and at the commencement of levodopa therapy, the duration of levodopa treatment and a high dose of levodopa seem to be significant risk factors for the development of response fluctuations, but not the pretreatment duration of Parkinson's disease nor the disability of the patients." | ( Rinne, UK, 1983) |
| "In three patients with Parkinson's disease, treatment with pergolide also resulted in uniform 24-h suppression of PRL." | ( Greising, J; Kleinberg, DL; Kupersmith, M; Lieberman, A; Neophytides, A; Todd, J, 1980) |
| "The long-term responses of Parkinson's disease to levodopa therapy were studied in the patient material followed-up for 9 years." | ( Marttila, R; Rinne, UK; Siirtola, T; Sonninen, V, 1980) |
| "Forty patients with severe Parkinson's disease (23 men, 17 women) who had been treated for six years with L-dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor, were part of a placebo-controlled double-blind trial to test the effectiveness of bromocriptin." | ( Fischer, PA; Schneider, E, 1982) |
| "The authors studied 20 patients with Parkinson's disease and prominent hallucinations related to dopaminergic or anticholinergic therapy." | ( Goetz, CG; Klawans, HL; Tanner, CM, 1982) |
| "Thirty-seven patients with advanced Parkinson's disease who initially tolerated, and responded to bromocriptine therapy were followed for 12 to 50 (mean 28) months." | ( Grimes, JD; Hassan, MN, 1983) |
| "Twenty-three patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease with classic "on-off" phenomena were studied prospectively during treatment with bromocriptine (BCT)." | ( Glantz, R; Goetz, CG; Klawans, HL; Nausieda, PA; Weiner, WJ, 1981) |
| "In the untreated patients with Parkinson's disease, the CSF GABA level was 95 +/- 31 pmole/mL (n = 7) and in those who were treated with levodopa and carbidopa the level was 144 +/- 53 pmole/mL (n = 8)." | ( Manyam, BV, 1982) |
| "Bilateral vocal cord paralysis in Parkinson's disease may be seen more commonly in the future as therapy enables more patients to live longer." | ( Lieberman, AN; Plasse, HM, 1981) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with different antiparkinsonian drugs and the amino acid levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were determined." | ( Gerstenbrand, F; Gründig, E, 1980) |
| "In 14 patients with Parkinson's disease on long-term therapy the erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase activity was found to correlate with the average plasma concentration ratio of 3-O-methyldopa to levodopa and with the fasting plasma concentration ratio of 3-O methyldopa to levodopa." | ( Reilly, DK; Rivera-Calimlim, L; Van Dyke, D, 1980) |
| "L-DOPA therapy (in Parkinson's disease) elevates urinary and tissue levels of the carboxylated THP derivatives, as well as of salsolinol and THP itself; hyperphenylalaninemia during PKU also increases tissue levels of a DA/phenylpyruvate-derived TIQ and an imine condensate of phenylethylamine and vitamin B6." | ( Collins, MA, 1980) |
| "The progress of 178 patients with Parkinson's disease who began treatment with levodopa between November 1969 and December 1972 is reviewed after six years." | ( Lees, AJ; Shaw, KM; Stern, GM, 1980) |
| "Ten patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations otherwise unresponsive to conventional therapy were selected." | ( Casas Parera, I; Diaz, S; Fernández Pardal, MM; Gatto, E; Micheli, F, 1991) |
| "Initiating treatment in a patient with Parkinson's disease requires consideration of age, degree of disease activity, and consequences of long-term treatment." | ( Ghika, J, 1995) |
| "Deterioration in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Score (UPDRS) between untreated baseline and final visits was used as an index of disease progression." | ( Bushenbark, K; Esterlitz, J; Gauger, L; Hauser, RA; Hubble, J; Koller, W; Lilienfeld, D; Malapira, T; Olanow, CW, 1995) |
| "Early stage Parkinson's disease may be better left untreated if it does not limit motor function." | ( Eadie, MJ, 1995) |
| "In untreated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), the total (free and conjugated) serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid decreased significantly." | ( Abe, T; Hamato, H; Takahashi, J; Takahashi, S; Tohgi, H, 1993) |
| "Sixteen patients with Parkinson's disease and severe motor fluctuations were treated with subcutaneous injections of apomorphine and followed up prospectively for a year." | ( Leiguarda, R; Merello, M, 1995) |
| "The treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease has been divided in 3 different phases." | ( Ludin, HP, 1995) |
| "Management of Parkinson's disease is dominated by the desire to prevent the development of fluctuations, dyskinesia, and psychiatric complications, and to treat effectively these effects when they appear." | ( Nutt, JG, 1995) |
| "Twenty patients with Parkinson's disease were studied during the early phase of L-dopa treatment to clarify the development and progression of Parkinsonian motor fluctuations." | ( Kempster, PA; Shif, M, 1994) |
| "Three groups of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were studied: (1) PD patients treated medically with L-Dopa and anticholinergics, (2) PD patients treated with thalamo-subthalamotomies plus medical treatment, and (3) PD patients treated with autologous adrenal medullary transplantation to right caudate nucleus plus medical treatment." | ( Jimenez, F; Velasco, AL; Velasco, F; Velasco, M, 1994) |
| "Ten patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) (3 men and 7 women, group A) who had received no treatment for the disease; 102 patients with PD (36 men and 66 women, group B) who had undergone treatment and 45 healthy volunteers (15 men and 30 women, control group) were subject to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) tests and levodopa tests." | ( Adachi, K; Hirooka, Y; Mitsuma, T; Oiso, Y; Otake, K, 1994) |
| "Studies examining the mortality from Parkinson's disease have been reviewed to assess the impact of levodopa therapy." | ( Clarke, CE, 1995) |
| "One therapeutic approach to treating Parkinson's disease is to convert endogenous striatal cells into levo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa)-producing cells." | ( During, MJ; Geller, AI; Naegele, JR; O'Malley, KL, 1994) |
| "Two strategies of drug therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) are neuroprotective and symptomatic." | ( Sweeney, PJ, 1995) |
| "Some treatments used for Parkinson's disease attenuate locomotor depression in rats treated with reserpine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine." | ( Danysz, W; Quack, G; Rogoz, Z; Skuza, G, 1994) |
| "Pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) has become so effective that patients with PD can enjoy a nearly normal life, including travel for several years." | ( Dodel, RC; Oertel, WH, 1995) |
| "The hypothesis that L-DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease may augment neuronal damage and thus accelerate the progression of the disease remains controversial." | ( Walkinshaw, G; Waters, CM, 1995) |
| "Monotherapy of Parkinson's disease with glutamate antagonists appears impractical at the present time, due to their low efficacy and unacceptable side effects, but polypharmacy with L-DOPA and a glutamate antagonist as adjuvant is a more realistic prospect." | ( Starr, MS, 1995) |
| "Mortality due to Parkinson's disease has decreased significantly after the introduction of L-dopa treatment." | ( Kuno, S, 1994) |
| "For the treatment of Parkinson's disease, L-DOPA therapy has been applied to replace dopamine, and droxidopa (L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine) therapy to supply noradrenaline (NA)." | ( Maruyama, W; Naoi, M; Narabayashi, H, 1994) |
| "It is used to treat Parkinson's disease at a dose of 5 mg twice a day." | ( Alexoff, D; Fowler, JS; Logan, J; MacGregor, RR; Pappas, N; Schyler, D; Shea, C; Volkow, ND; Wang, GJ; Wolf, AP, 1994) |
| "Two elderly patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with nicotine gum and patch." | ( Fagerström, KO; Giordani, B; Pomerleau, O; Stelson, F, 1994) |
| "Six patients with Parkinson's disease were treated for 3 months with s." | ( Gancher, ST; Nutt, JG; Woodward, WR, 1995) |
| "According to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale a tendency to clinical improvement was seen after the iv infusions in both treatment and placebo groups." | ( Dizdar, N; Kågedal, B; Lindvall, B, 1994) |
| "In early untreated Parkinson's disease, cognitive performance appears to be stable and unrelated to either motor deterioration or treatment with deprenyl or tocopherol." | ( Brady, J; Carter, J; Como, P; Growdon, J; Huber, S; Kanigan, B; Kieburtz, K; Landow, E; McDermott, M; Rudolph, A, 1994) |
| "A 64-year-old man was diagnosed to have Parkinson's disease when aged 42 years and since then has been treated with levodopa and benserazide (up to 875 mg daily)." | ( Eberli, F; Greminger, P; Schmid, PA; Speich, R; Suter, T, 1994) |
| "All records were reviewed from a Parkinson's disease clinic to determine how many patients were treated simultaneously with selegiline and fluoxetine." | ( Waters, CH, 1994) |
| "Tremor at rest is a classic symptom of Parkinson's disease that causes significant disability and distress for the patient and is generally only weakly responsive to conventional treatment, like anticholinergic and dopaminergic medication." | ( Jansen, EN, 1994) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease generally have a smooth clinical response from levodopa therapy for the first 3 to 5 years." | ( Mark, MH; Sage, JI, 1994) |
| "149 previously untreated patients with Parkinson's disease were recruited over a three year period and randomly allocated to either low dose levodopa-carbidopa (< or = 600/150 mg/day) or low dose bromocriptine (< or = 30 mg/day)." | ( Broe, GA; Hely, MA; Margrie, S; Morris, JG; O'Sullivan, DJ; Rail, D; Reid, WG; Williamson, PM, 1994) |
| "This suggests that the change in GSH in Parkinson's disease is not solely due to nigral cell death, or entirely explained by drug therapy, for multiple-system atrophy patients were also treated with levodopa." | ( Agid, Y; Daniel, S; Dexter, DT; Javoy-Agid, F; Jenner, P; Lees, AJ; Marsden, CD; Sian, J, 1994) |
| "This article reviews the biology of Parkinson's disease, the diagnostic approach to patients with parkinsonism, pharmacologic treatments, and practical strategies for managing common clinical problems." | ( Standaert, DG; Stern, MB, 1993) |
| "We treated 17 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) complicated by psychosis with the atypical antipsychotic drug, clozapine, for 6 to 24 months (mean, 15 months) in a prospective, open-label trial." | ( Brown, D; Factor, SA; Molho, ES; Podskalny, GD, 1994) |
| "Chronic levodopa administration in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with long-term motor side effects." | ( Quattrone, A; Zappia, M, 1993) |
| "Eighteen patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (n = 13) or dopamine-sensitive dystonia (n = 5) were treated with the dopaminergic agent, lisuride, applied as a long-term subcutaneous infusion." | ( Baier, JE; Gallati, H; Kovacs, S; Neumann, HA; Poehlau, D; Przuntek, H; Schmutz, T; Suchy, I; Will, C, 1994) |
| "The motor responses of 14 patients with Parkinson's disease (six previously untreated and eight chronically receiving levodopa) with pronounced asymmetry in the severity of motor signs between the left and right sides of the body were studied." | ( Lera, G; Luquin, MR; Obeso, JA; Rodriguez, M; Vaamonde, J, 1994) |
| "We report a patient with Parkinson's disease who developed orobuccal dyskinesia while being treated with trihexyphenidyl (Artane)." | ( Hauser, RA; Olanow, CW, 1993) |
| "More than 50% of all patients with Parkinson's disease who initially receive treatment with conventional levodopa will develop late complications, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood." | ( Poewe, W, 1993) |
| "Surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease began by blocking of the pyramidal system in early part of this era." | ( Komai, N, 1993) |
| "Patients (250) with Parkinson's disease, treated once daily with either 1 or 4 mg, together with L-Dopa and a decarboxylase inhibitor (MadoparR or SinemetR), saw significant improvements in symptoms compared with those on standard therapy without the inhibitor." | ( Bey, P; Cremer, G; Haegele, KD; McDonald, IA; Palfreyman, MG; Zreika, M, 1993) |
| "Presymptomatic detection of Parkinson's disease is necessary if neuroprotective therapies are to be utilized in its treatment." | ( Jenner, P, 1993) |
| "Seven patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, aged 62 to 76 years, average duration of the disease approximately eleven years, suffering from severe hallucinosis and paranoid delusions of different degree, in whom conventional therapeutic strategies (administration of benzodiazepines and mild neuroleptics) had no antipsychotic effect, received clozapine, a non-classical highly potent neuroleptic, while blood count was strictly monitored." | ( Helscher, RJ; Pinter, MM, 1993) |
| "Since the original description of Parkinson's disease (PD) more than 170 years ago, there have been major advances in the understanding and treatment of PD." | ( Poirier, J; Thiffault, C, 1993) |
| "782 patients with early Parkinson's disease who were not receiving dopaminergic treatment." | ( , 1993) |
| "The ratings for Parkinson's disease improved during the first three months of deprenyl treatment; the motor performance of deprenyl-treated patients worsened after the treatments were withdrawn." | ( , 1993) |
| "A series of 31 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients suffering from panic attacks (PA), late in the evolution of their disease, was analyzed from a group of 131 levodopa-treated PD patients." | ( García-Ruiz, P; García-Urra, D; Jiménez-Jiménez, FJ; Vázquez, A, 1993) |
| "The data indicate that in patients with Parkinson's disease treated long term, factors associated with age rather than duration of disease may have a stronger adverse influence on magnitude of response to levodopa." | ( Durso, R; Feldman, RG; Isaac, K; Perry, L; Saint-Hilaire, M, 1993) |
| "L-dopa, the major treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), depletes S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)." | ( Benson, R; Charlton, C; Crowell, B; Doonquah, K; Hill, B, 1993) |
| "Four patients with Parkinson's disease, optimally treated with levodopa/carbidopa (LD/CD) tablets but experiencing severe motor fluctuations, underwent an open trial of a levodopa/carbidopa/ascorbic acid solution (LCAS) orally at timed intervals." | ( Irwin, I; Kurth, MC; Langston, JW; Lyness, WH; Tetrud, JW, 1993) |
| "It was first used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease by Schwab in the 1950s but owing to its short duration of action, the need for parenteral administration, and adverse reactions including nausea, vomiting, postural hypotension and sedation, it was not widely prescribed." | ( Lees, AJ, 1993) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease is reviewed." | ( Lieberman, A, 1993) |
| "We investigated a patient with Parkinson's disease accompanied by intellectual impairment induced by long-term AC therapy." | ( Momose, T; Nishiyama, K; Sakuta, M; Sugishita, M, 1995) |
| "Seven patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were enrolled in a ten week study to evaluate the efficacy of famotidine, an histamine H2-antagonist, in the treatment of bradyphrenia." | ( Di Rocco, A; Kaminski, R; Molinari, SP; Yahr, MD, 1995) |
| "In newly diagnosed cases of Parkinson's disease, administration of selegiline hydrochloride (Eldepryl) may slow symptom development and delay the need for levodopa therapy." | ( Silverstein, PM, 1996) |
| "In rodent models of Parkinson's disease such as reserpinized or 6-hydroxydopamine substantia nigra lesioned rats, blockade of glutamate receptors of the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) or the AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate) receptor subtypes and concomitant treatment with L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) or direct dopamine agonists restores locomotor activity and induces rotations." | ( Eblen, F; Kockgether, T; Löschmann, PA; Wachtel, H; Wüllner, U, 1995) |
| "520 patients with early Parkinson's disease who were not receiving dopaminergic treatment." | ( Lees, AJ, 1995) |
| "To test the hypotheses that Parkinson's disease can differentially produce deficits in voluntary and rhythmic jaw movements, which involve different neuronal circuits, and that levodopa treatment improves specific components of the motor deficit." | ( Hammerstad, JP; Robertson, LT, 1996) |
| "In an open label study 63 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease suffering from end-of-dose akinesia were switched from a treatment with a L-DOPA standard formulation to a combined therapy of L-DOPA standard in the morning and L-DOPA slow release (levodopa, benserazide, Madopar Depot) at the remaining single doses." | ( Eichhorn, TE; Kohnen, R; Oertel, WH; Poewe, W; Schrag, A; Selzer, R; Trenkwalder, C, 1995) |
| "A 55-year-old woman with severe Parkinson's disease was treated by cografting adrenal medulla with pretransected peripheral nerve into the bilateral caudate nuclei." | ( Asari, S; Date, I; Imaoka, T; Miyoshi, Y; Ohmoto, T; Ono, T, 1996) |
| "The oxidant stress theory of Parkinson's disease (PD) hypothesizes that levodopa treatment may be potentially harmful and this is supported by studies demonstrating levodopa toxicity to cultured dopaminergic neurons." | ( Ahlskog, JE; Low, PA; Nickander, KK; O'Brien, JF; Tyce, GM; Uitti, RJ, 1996) |
| "Since 1985, treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) by surgical transfer of adult or fetal chromaffin tissue or of fetal central neural tissue to the brains of afflicted patients has been attempted, with variable clinical results." | ( Durso, R; Folkerth, RD, 1996) |
| "Eleven patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were treated with individual doses of budipine added to stable conventional antiparkinsonian medication." | ( Boose, A; Dichgans, J; Jentgens, C; Klockgether, T; Löschmann, P; Spieker, S, 1995) |
| "We describe a 68-year-old patient with Parkinson's disease who developed retroperitoneal fibrosis during pergolide treatment." | ( Gutiérrez, F; Jiménez-Jiménez, FJ; López-Alvarez, J; Miquel, J; Montero, E; Sánchez-Chapado, M; Sierra, A, 1995) |
| "Forty two patients with Parkinson's disease (14 untreated, eight with a stable response to levodopa, and 20 with levodopa induced motor fluctuations) were challenged on two consecutive days with apomorphine and levodopa." | ( Colosimo, C; Hughes, AJ; Lees, AJ; Merello, M; Sieradzan, K, 1996) |
| "Seven patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) with severely disabling dyskinesia received low-dose propranolol as an adjunct to the currently used medical treatment." | ( Agid, Y; Bonnet, AM; Carpentier, AF; Vidailhet, M, 1996) |
| "Drug holidays as treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) to ameliorate the effects of chronic L-dopa use are a controversial method." | ( Corona, T; Otero, E; Rivera, C; Stopp, L, 1995) |
| "The patient with Parkinson's disease often needs concomitant treatment for disorders that accompany the disease, such as depression, insomnia or constipation, or for frequent concomitant alterations such as dizziness, high blood pressure or heart disease." | ( López de Munain, A; Martí Massó, JF; Poza, JJ, 1996) |
| "This article describes the pathology of Parkinson's disease, and how it can be managed through drug therapy and surgical intervention, particularly pallidotomy." | ( Roberts, J, 1996) |
| "Forty-six patients with Parkinson's disease experiencing motor fluctuations and not optimally controlled on levodopa received as adjunct therapy a new nonergoline dopamine agonist, ropinirole, in a 3-month randomized placebo-controlled trial." | ( Fuell, D; Lees, AJ; Montastruc, JL; Pirtosek, Z; Rascol, O; Senard, JM, 1996) |
| "We think that Parkinson's disease encompasses a heterogeneous group of patients of whom about 75% are well treated by bromocriptine alone at the early stages of the illness." | ( Akiguchi, I; Fukuyama, H; Imai, T; Kawamura, J; Kimura, J, 1996) |
| "Twenty de novo patients with Parkinson's disease (Hoehn-Yahr stages I, II, III) were studied in a double blind trial after introducing (--)-deprenyl monotherapy." | ( Kovacs, AB; Mally, J; Stone, TW, 1995) |
| "In 12 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with motor fluctuations, cabergoline was added in an 8-week study to their usual L-dopa/carbidopa therapy." | ( Bonuccelli, U; Colzi, A; Del Dotto, P; Dubini, A; Grimaldi, R; Lucetti, C; Pardini, C, 1995) |
| "A 72-years old man with Parkinson's disease was treated with levodopa for 14 years." | ( Burg, G; Kleinhans, M; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P, 1996) |
| "The current symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease mainly relies on agents which are able to restore dopaminergic transmission in the nigrostriatal pathway, such as the dopamine precursor levodopa or direct agonists of dopamine receptors." | ( Albani, F; Baruzzi, A; Contin, M; Riva, R, 1996) |
| "Thirty Parkinson's disease patients (10 previously untreated, 10 with early disease, and 10 with motor fluctuations/dyskinesia) participated in a single-dose double-blind study." | ( Koller, WC; Lyons, K; Marjama, J; McGuire, D; Pahwa, R; Silverstein, P; Ward, R; Zwiebel, F, 1996) |
| "Furthermore, 6 of 15 untreated Parkinson's disease patients (40%) displayed markedly elevated plasma concentrations of the catecholamine MAO metabolites, DOPAC or DOPEG." | ( Ahlskog, JE; Kokmen, E; O'Brien, JF; Petersen, RC; Tyce, GM; Uitti, RJ, 1996) |
| "In advanced stages of Parkinson's disease treatment of concomitand mental symptoms and multifarious disorders of the autonomic nervous system are becoming of increasing significance." | ( Fischer, PA, 1995) |
| "Long-term levodopa treatment in Parkinson's disease is typically associated with "motor side effects" consisting in dyskinesias and/or fluctuations in motility referred to as the on-off phenomena." | ( Blümner, E; Danielczyk, W; Gerlach, M; Kaiser, HJ; Kraus, PH; Letzel, H; Przuntek, H; Riederer, P; Uberla, K; Welzel, D, 1996) |
| "The records of 49 patients with Parkinson's disease and psychosis who were treated with clozapine for up to 18 months were reviewed." | ( Defilippi, JL; Menza, MA; Sage, JI; Wagner, ML, 1996) |
| "Twenty patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), who developed delusions and psychotic behavior, underwent electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings before and during treatment with low-dose clozapine." | ( Korczyn, AD; Neufeld, MY; Orlov, E; Rabey, JM, 1996) |
| "Current treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) rely on dopamine-replacing strategies, and centre around dopamine precursors (e." | ( Brotchie, JM; Henry, B, 1996) |
| "Fluorine-18-FDG was administered to 18 Parkinson's disease and 15 normal control subjects." | ( Giordani, B; Koeppe, RA; Kuhl, DE; Minoshima, S; Piert, M, 1996) |
| "Most patients with Parkinson's disease develop response fluctuations after several years of chronic treatment with levodopa." | ( Djaldetti, R; Melamed, E; Ziv, I, 1996) |
| "Treatment of Parkinson's disease has progressed steadily for the last decades after introduction of levodopa." | ( Yanagisawa, N, 1997) |
| "In this study, we randomized de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) patients to treatment with increasing doses of cabergoline (0." | ( Bracco, F; Chouza, C; Dubini, A; Dupont, E; Gershanik, O; Grimaldi, R; Marsden, CD; Marti Masso, JF; Montastruc, JL; Orlando, N; Rinne, UK, 1997) |
| "Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease often develop severe fluctuations and dyskinesias while receiving long-term levodopa therapy." | ( Marsden, CD; Nordera, G; Stocchi, F, 1997) |
| "Genetic intervention in Parkinson's disease may offer an entirely different method for treating this disease in the future, based not only on symptomatic therapy, but also on neuroprotective and/or neuroregenerative therapy which would alter the natural history of relentless progression." | ( Freese, A; Stern, MB, 1997) |
| "Many patients with Parkinson's disease develop both involuntary movements from and a critical dependency on, levodopa therapy as their disease progresses." | ( Kurth, MC, 1997) |
| "A recent study by the Parkinson's Disease Research Group of the United Kingdom revealed higher mortality in patients with Parkinson's disease who were treated with selegiline (deprenyl) compared with those who were not." | ( Kondo, T; Mizuno, Y, 1997) |
| "Twenty patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and disabling motor fluctuations were treated with intermittent subcutaneous (11 patients) or intranasal (nine patients) apomorphine for > 2 years." | ( Esteban Muñoz, J; Marín, C; Martí, MJ; Tolosa, E, 1997) |
| "For better treatment of Parkinson's disease, it is important to solve these problems." | ( Ogawa, N, 1997) |
| "The initial treatment of Parkinson's disease should be addressed to improve symptoms, slow down the progression of the illness and avoid long and short term complications." | ( Kulisevsky, J; López-Villegas, D, 1997) |
| "The progression of Parkinson's disease, and the increase in the time under therapy with levodopa of this disease, leds to development of several complications, including loss of efficacy of the therapy, motor fluctuations, dyskinesias, psychiatric disorders, etc." | ( Jiménez-Jiménez, FJ; Molina, JA, 1997) |
| "Dyskinesias are usually seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients after several years of L-dopa therapy." | ( Brooks, DJ; Lees, AJ; Turjanski, N, 1997) |
| "Parenteral apomorphine has been used in Parkinson's disease (PD) to replace levodopa after surgery or to treat the malignant syndrome brought about by sudden levodopa withdrawal." | ( Albanese, A; Colosimo, C; Merello, M, 1994) |
| "More than 50% of patients with Parkinson's disease develop motor response fluctuations (the "wearing off" phenomenon) after more than five years of levodopa therapy." | ( Baas, H; Beiske, AG; Ghika, J; Jackson, M; Oertel, WH; Poewe, W; Ransmayr, G, 1997) |
| "Investigations of gene therapy for Parkinson's disease have focused primarily on strategies that replace tyrosine hydroxylase." | ( Bencsics, C; Kang, UJ; Wachtel, SR, 1997) |
| "Most patients with Parkinson's disease who undergo levodopa therapy eventually develop fluctuations in the diurnal control of their symptoms." | ( Tolosa, E; Valldeoriola, F, 1994) |
| "Sixty patients with Parkinson's disease (46 male and 14 female) with a mean (+/- SD) age of 59 +/- 9 years were treated in an open study for 12 weeks." | ( , 1995) |
| "A patient with Parkinson's disease carried out the tests 12 hr after medication was withheld at a time when symptoms were evident ("off" stage), and after administration of medication when it had taken full effect ("on" stage)." | ( Giaschi, D; Lang, A; Regan, D, 1997) |
| "In two patients with severe Parkinson's disease (PD) whose response to levodopa had decreased, the parkinsonian motor symptoms responded to acute and maintenance unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)." | ( Aarsland, D; Langeveld, JH; Larsen, JP; Waage, O, 1997) |
| "Patients with early, untreated Parkinson's disease maintained on (-)deprenyl need levodopa significantly later than their placebo-treated peers, and when on levodopa plus (-)deprenyl, they live significantly longer than patients on levodopa alone." | ( Knoll, J, 1998) |
| "624 patients with early Parkinson's disease who were not receiving dopaminergic treatment and a subgroup fo 120 patients who died during the trial." | ( Ben-Shlomo, Y; Churchyard, A; Head, J; Hurwitz, B; Lees, AJ; Ockelford, J; Overstall, P, 1998) |
| "During the initial stages of Parkinson's disease, treatment with levodopa plus a decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa or benserazide) provides adequate control of symptoms." | ( Adler, CH; Kurth, MC, 1998) |
| "More than 50% of patients with Parkinson's disease develop motor response fluctuations (the 'wearing off" phenomenon) after more than five years of levodopa therapy." | ( Baas, H; Beiske, AG; Ghika, J; Jackson, M; Oertel, WH; Poewe, W; Ransmayr, G, 1998) |
| "Three cases of DMS in patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia, treated with dopaminergic medications, are presented." | ( Feinberg, TE; Roane, DM; Robinson, JH; Rogers, JD, 1998) |
| "Striatal dopamine deficiency in Parkinson's disease (PD), first described in 1960, was a key event that led to the era of levodopa therapy." | ( Martí, MJ; Molinuevo, JL; Tolosa, E; Valldeoriola, F, 1998) |
| "Studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) suggest that GM1 ganglioside treatment can restore neurologic and dopaminergic function." | ( Chapas-Crilly, J; Mancall, EL; Roeltgen, DP; Rothblat, DS; Schneider, JS; Tatarian, GT, 1998) |
| "It is approved as monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease and as adjunctive therapy to levodopa in patients with advanced disease experiencing motor effects because of diminished response to levodopa." | ( Dooley, M; Markham, A, 1998) |
| "Eight of the Parkinson's disease patients were on fludrocortisone (Florinef) therapy because of orthostatic hypotension." | ( Hakamäki, T; Lehtonen, A; Rajala, T, 1998) |
| "More than 50% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) develop response fluctuations following prolonged treatment with levodopa." | ( Djaldetti, R; Melamed, E, 1998) |
| "In many patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, treatment with levodopa is complicated by fluctuations between an "off" period, when the medication is not working and the motor symptoms of parkinsonism are present, and an "on" period, when the medication is causing improved mobility, often accompanied by debilitating dyskinesias." | ( Ardouin, C; Benabid, AL; Benazzouz, A; Hoffmann, D; Krack, P; Limousin, P; Pollak, P, 1998) |
| "Most Parkinson's disease (PD) treatments palliate symptoms by increasing nigrostriatal dopaminergic tone." | ( Swerdlow, RH, 1998) |
| "A new approach in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is the inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) with new generation COMT inhibitors, entacapone and tolcapone." | ( Rinne, UK; Ruottinen, HM, 1998) |
| "Total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor "off" and motor "on" subscores all improved and the rapidity of action, magnitude, and duration of motor response to levodopa therapy were all maintained after pallidotomy." | ( Turk, MF; Uitti, RJ; Wharen, RE, 1998) |
| "Cerebrospinal fluid from L-dopa-treated Parkinson's disease patients and subjects without neurodegenerative diseases (controls) was explored in its trophic properties as culture medium on a variety of cells from neural origin." | ( Colombo, JA; Napp, MI, 1998) |
| "Three patients with Parkinson's disease are described who developed pericardial, retroperitoneal, and pleural fibrosis associated with pergolide treatment." | ( Dick, DJ; Pilling, JB; Shaunak, S; Wilkins, A, 1999) |
| "Thirty patients with Parkinson's disease not previously treated with dopamine agonists, of whom 28 produced evaluable pharmacokinetic data for ropinirole and 23 for L-dopa." | ( Beerahee, A; Burns, E; Citerone, DR; Cyronak, MJ; Fitzpatrick, KL; Leigh, TJ; Lennox, G; Lopez-Gil, A; Taylor, AC; Vakil, SD, 1999) |
| "Ten patients who had Parkinson's disease with disabling dyskinesia were included in this study to evaluate the role of mental (mental calculation) and motor (flexion/extension of right fingers, flexion/extension of left fingers, flexion/extension of the neck, speaking aloud) tasks on the worsening of peak-dose dyskinesia following administration of an effective single dose of apomorphine." | ( Agid, Y; Debilly, B; Durif, F; Vidailhet, M, 1999) |
| "Twenty-seven patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, treated with L-dopa but not sufficiently controlled, were included in this trial." | ( Malbezin, M; Montastruc, JL; Rascol, O; Ziegler, M, 1999) |
| "In both treated and de novo Parkinson's disease groups, decrease in ERD latency (1,000 to 1,250 ms before movement) was only observed when movements were performed with the akinetic hand and corresponded to a decrease in motor cortical activity." | ( Bourriez, JL; Defebvre, L; Derambure, P; Destée, A; Guieu, JD, 1999) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease were examined before and after L-dopa treatment." | ( Diószeghy, P; Hidasi, E; Mechler, F, 1999) |
| "It has been effective in early Parkinson's disease as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy with L-dopa in advanced stages of the disease." | ( Galiano, ML; Grandas, F, 1999) |
| "As a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease, viral vector-mediated over-expression of striatal L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase was tested in an attempt to facilitate the production of therapeutic levels of dopamine after peripheral L-dihydroxyphenylalanine administration." | ( Leff, SE; Mandel, RJ; Snyder, RO; Spratt, SK, 1999) |
| "Although hallucinations in Parkinson's disease (PD) are not unusual in the long-term treatment with anti-parkinsonian agents, their mechanism is not fully understood." | ( Kobayashi, S; Oguro, H; Okada, K; Suyama, N; Yamaguchi, S, 1999) |
| "In all, 71 grafts in 38 patients [24 Parkinson's disease (PD), 14 Huntington's disease (HD)] were examined, as well as 24 untreated PD and HD patients and 13 age-matched normal controls." | ( Blüml, S; Dubowitz, D; Hoang, TQ; Jacques, DB; Kopyov, OV; Lin, A; Ross, BD; Seymour, K; Tan, J, 1999) |
| "The early treatment of Parkinson's disease continues to be controversial as our understanding of the etiology of the disease remains incomplete." | ( Grimes, DA; Lang, AE, 1999) |
| "We report a 63-years old patient with Parkinson's disease, who experienced slight fluctuations 10 years after first signs of the disease and two years after initiation of levodopa/carbidopa and biperiden therapy." | ( Arnold, G; Kupsch, A, 1999) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease associated with NMS are considered to have a low incidence of DIC, status epilepticus, and in Japan this may be the first case report of the successful treatment of NMS with DIC and status epilepticus in a patient with Parkinson's disease." | ( Miyoshi, T; Motomura, S; Osoegawa, M; Tamura, K; Yamanaka, H, 1999) |
| "In the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease, apomorphine has an established place as a back-up therapy if other antiparkinsonian drugs, such as levodopa and oral dopamine agonists, have not controlled the existing response fluctuations." | ( Neef, C; van Laar, T, 1999) |
| "The drug treatment of Parkinson's disease since the original description of the malady in 1817 is described." | ( Sourkes, TL, 1999) |
| "We enrolled 37 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease who had, despite optimum pharmacological treatment, at least one of the following symptoms: severe response fluctuations, dyskinesias, painful dystonias, or bradykinesia." | ( Beute, GN; Bosch, DA; de Bie, RM; de Haan, RJ; Haaxma, R; Nijssen, PC; Rutgers, AW; Schmand, B; Schuurman, PR; Speelman, JD; Staal, MJ, 1999) |
| "Treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa is plagued in a majority of patients by dyskinesias." | ( Bédard, PJ; Doan, VD; Grondin, R; Hadj Tahar, A; Ladure, P, 2000) |
| "Ten patients treated for Parkinson's disease showed substantially increased tremor intensity, especially within the low-frequency window." | ( Biernat, H; Cleary, D; de Oliveira Santos, EC; Ellias, SA; Feldman, RG; Grandjean, P; Jørgensen, PJ; Wermuth, L, 1999) |
| "Some patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease experience hallucinations as a result of treatment with levodopa and dopamine agonists." | ( Aitchison, KJ; Arranz, MJ; Forsyth, J; Graham, JM; Grünewald, RA; Li, T; Makoff, AJ; Shaikh, S, 2000) |
| "The blink rate is reduced in Parkinson's disease (PD) and increased with dopamine treatment." | ( Hallett, M, 2000) |
| "Early Parkinson's disease can be managed successfully for up to five years with a reduced risk of dyskinesia by initiating treatment with ropinirole alone and supplementing it with levodopa if necessary." | ( Brooks, DJ; Clarke, CE; De Deyn, PP; Korczyn, AD; Lang, AE; Rascol, O, 2000) |
| "Putative neuroprotective agents for Parkinson's disease can be assessed in untreated patients using progression of clinical disability as an index of disease progression." | ( Busenbark, K; Hauser, RA; Hubble, JP; Koller, WC; Malapira, T; Olanow, CW, 2000) |
| "Two patients with Parkinson's disease received treatment with ropinirole and/or pramipexole, during which both experienced sleep attacks." | ( Ryan, M; Slevin, JT; Wells, A, 2000) |
| "Four hundred twelve patients with Parkinson's disease with fluctuating and nonfluctuating responses to levodopa participated in three multicentered, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding studies and received either placebo or tolcapone in addition to levodopa-decarboxylase inhibitor therapy." | ( Banken, L; Fotteler, B; Jorga, K; Snell, P; Steimer, JL, 2000) |
| "Her doctor initially diagnosed Parkinson's disease and administered amantadine and levodopa." | ( Kondo, M; Makino, M; Nakajima, K; Ueda, Y, 2000) |
| "In two patients with Parkinson's disease and L-Dopa induced dyskinesia we administered morphine orally to alleviate lumboradicular pain unresponsive to any other form of treatment." | ( Becker, G; Berg, D; Reiners, K, 1999) |
| "Long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease is complicated by the development of motor fluctuations and abnormal involuntary movements." | ( Clarke, CE; Deane, KH, 2000) |
| "Long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease is complicated by the development of motor fluctuations and abnormal involuntary movements." | ( Clarke, CE; Deane, KH, 2000) |
| "In the symptomatic treatment of early Parkinson's disease ropinirole monotherapy was significantly more effective than placebo in 2 multicentre, randomised, double-blind trials of 3 to 12 months duration as assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores and Clinical Global Impression/Clinical Global Evaluation Scales." | ( Matheson, AJ; Spencer, CM, 2000) |
| "In patients with early Parkinson's disease, ropinirole monotherapy was more efficacious than bromocriptine with regard to improvement in activities of daily living, and need for supplemental levodopa." | ( Matheson, AJ; Spencer, CM, 2000) |
| "In the search for a therapy of Parkinson's disease, ionotropic, mainly NMDA, receptor antagonists were found to have moderately beneficial, yet also some undesirable side-effects." | ( Konieczny, J; Lorenc-Koci, E; Ossowska, K; Pilc, A; Wolfarth, S, 2000) |
| "The aim of current treatment of Parkinson's disease is to ameliorate the symptoms while seeking to lessen the potential development of late levodopa complications." | ( Fung, VS; Hely, MA; Morris, JG, 2000) |
| "The purpose of the new drugs for Parkinson's disease is control of the long-term levodopa treatment syndromes, especially wearing-off phenomenon and dyskinesia." | ( Hasegawa, K, 2000) |
| "A patient with severe Parkinson's disease presented with increasing dyspnea, bilateral pleural effusion and peripheral edema that were refractory to diuretic therapy and were first misdiagnosed as signs of right-sided heart failure." | ( Gershman, M; Hamaoui, E; Varsano, S, 2000) |
| "L-DOPA therapy for Parkinson's disease is one of the major achievements of twentieth century neurology; Parkinson's disease was the first in which specific neurochemical deficits in defined brain regions were identified, and thus for which a rational, chemical therapy could be developed, ushering in the era of clinical neurochemistry." | ( Foley, P, 2000) |
| "(-)-Deprenyl, used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, was reported to possess neurorescuing/antiapoptotic effects independent of its MAO-B inhibiting properties." | ( Boulton, AA; Cools, AR; Kato, AC; Tatton, WG; Waldmeier, PC, 2000) |
| "Four patients affected by severe Parkinson's disease developed leucopenia (900-1200 WBC) during treatment of psychosis (3) or untreatable insomnia (1) with clozapine (37." | ( Bonanni, L; Gambi, F; Iacono, D; Onofrj, M; Thomas, A, 2000) |
| "Long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease is complicated by the development of motor fluctuations and abnormal involuntary movements." | ( Clarke, CE; Deane, KH, 2001) |
| "Long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease is complicated by the development of motor fluctuations and abnormal involuntary movements." | ( Clarke, CE; Deane, KH, 2001) |
| "Long term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease is associated with the development of motor complications including abnormal involuntary movements and a shortening response to each dose (wearing off phenomenon)." | ( Clarke, CE; Deane, KH, 2001) |
| "Long term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease is associated with the development of motor complications including abnormal involuntary movements and a shortening response to each dose (wearing off phenomenon)." | ( Clarke, CE; Deane, KD, 2001) |
| "In a 77-year-old male patient with Parkinson's disease and with acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon (Ogilvie's syndrome) conservative therapy was ineffective." | ( Klaver, NS; Koornstra, JJ; Limburg, AJ; ter Maaten, JC; van der Jagt, EJ; van der Werf, TS, 2001) |
| "When levodopa therapy is used in Parkinson's disease, degradation of the drug in the peripheral nervous system is associated with dyskinesias and motor fluctuations." | ( Najib, J, 2001) |
| "In levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease who experience motor fluctuations, clinical trials have demonstrated entacapone's effectiveness in increasing "on" time (the period during which medications relieve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease) by up to 1." | ( Najib, J, 2001) |
| "Forty patients affected by severe Parkinson's disease (PD) were treated with tolcapone as an adjunctive therapy to L-DOPA, for 3-7 months, until this drug was discontinued because of side-effects (2 diarrhoea, one of them with orthostatic hypotension, 2 increments of liver enzymes) or because of mandatory indications of the European drugs authority." | ( Bonanni, L; Di Iorio, A; Iacono, D; Onofrj, M; Thomas, A, 2001) |
| "We studied the association of Parkinson's disease (PD) with type of menopause (natural or surgical), age at menopause, and postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy using a case-control design." | ( Ahlskog, JE; Benedetti, MD; Bower, JH; Maraganore, DM; McDonnell, SK; Peterson, BJ; Rocca, WA; Schaid, DJ, 2001) |
| "Long-term dopaminergic treatment of Parkinson's disease is complicated by the occurrence of dyskinesia and motor fluctuations and is responsible for increasing the costs of treatment." | ( Arnold, G; Einhäupl, KM; Klaffke, S; Kühn, AA; Kupsch, A; Meissner, W; Paul, G; Trottenberg, T, 2001) |
| "Six patients with Parkinson's disease who had troublesome motor complications under levodopa/DCI and DA agonist combination therapy were compared in terms of the extent of motor complications and their satisfaction after changing their therapy from levodopa/DCI to levodopa without DCI." | ( Hironishi, M; Kondo, T; Miwa, H, 2002) |
| "Before the use of L-Dopa, Parkinson's disease (PD) was considered a disabling disease with no effective treatment." | ( García Ruiz, PJ; Meseguer, E, 2002) |
| "Drug treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) is a difficult task, and comorbidity and comedication add to its complexity." | ( Calandrella, D; Cosentino, M; Frigo, G; Lecchini, S; Leoni, O; Martignoni, E; Michielotto, D; Nappi, G; Oria, C; Riboldazzi, G; Zangaglia, R, 2002) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease unresponsive to dopaminergic substances and that associated with dementia remains problematical." | ( Ceballos-Baumann, AO, 2002) |
| "We studied 18 subjects with Parkinson's disease before they began levodopa therapy and after 6, 12, 24, and 48 months of long-term levodopa therapy." | ( Carter, JH; Lea, ES; Nutt, JG; Sexton, GJ, 2002) |
| "Levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease patients who had been treated with deprenyl for up to 7 years, compared with patients who were changed to a placebo after about 5 years, experienced slower motor decline and were more likely to develop dyskinesias but less likely to develop freezing of gait." | ( Fahn, S; Kieburtz, K; Lang, A; Langston, JW; LeWitt, P; Oakes, D; Olanow, CW; Penney, JB; Rudolph, A; Shoulson, I; Tanner, C, 2002) |
| "Treatments for Parkinson's disease based on replacement of lost dopamine have several problems." | ( Brotchie, JM; Nash, JE, 2002) |
| "Subjects with Parkinson's disease were tested in four treatment conditions: off both deep brain stimulation and levodopa (off condition); on deep brain stimulation; on levodopa; and on both deep brain stimulation and levodopa." | ( Chiari, L; Horak, FB; Rocchi, L, 2002) |
| "(1) The reference treatment for Parkinson's disease is levodopa plus a peripheral dopadecarboxylase inhibitor (benserazide or carbidopa)." | ( , 2002) |
| "Four hundred patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) who were participating in a multicenter clinical trial were evaluated using the UPDRS on two separate occasions (screening and baseline visits) prior to receiving treatment." | ( Blindauer, K; Kieburtz, K; McDermott, M; Plumb, S; Shoulson, I; Siderowf, A, 2002) |
| "The treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease becomes rather difficult if levodopa-induced late complications such as motor fluctuations or dyskinesias occur." | ( Cormann, K; Herting, B; Kohlert, F; Müller, A; Reichmann, H; Sommer, U, 2002) |
| "Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is due to either treatment-related factors or the disease itself." | ( Aurilia, C; Barbanti, P; Fabbrini, G; Meco, G; Pauletti, C; Vanacore, N, 2002) |
| "Chronically administered levodopa to Parkinson's disease (PD) patients ultimately produces alterations in motor response." | ( Chase, TN; Oh, JD, 2002) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) by definition benefit from treatment with the dopamine precursor levodopa." | ( Verhagen Metman, L, 2002) |
| "Seven Parkinson's disease cases experienced well-formed visual hallucinations many years after disease onset, while nine Parkinson's disease cases and three controls were treated for depression." | ( Halliday, GM; Harding, AJ; Henderson, JM; Stimson, E, 2002) |
| "Ten patients with Parkinson's disease were tested in an "on" state (on dopaminergic drug treatment) and a practical "off" state in two sessions held one week apart in counterbalanced order; 10 controls matched for age and education were studied at the same time points." | ( Manoach, DS; Mechanic, DJ; Press, DZ; Tarsy, D, 2002) |
| "While Parkinson's disease is undoubtedly a disorder with a primary pathology of dopamine neuronal loss, that loss of dopamine and subsequent dopamine replacement therapy leads to imbalances in many non-dopaminergic transmitter systems, including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)." | ( Brotchie, JM; Nicholson, SL, 2002) |
| "We report on 2 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease who experienced marked improvement in symptoms following the addition of itraconazole to current cabergoline treatment." | ( Christensen, J; Dupont, E; ØStergaard, K, 2002) |
| "To assess the patterns of drug use in Parkinson's disease in Spain, information about the clinical characteristics and current treatment of 1803 parkinsonian patients was obtained from a nationwide survey, involving 241 physicians with practice based on the different assistance levels of the Spanish National Healthcare System." | ( Grandas, F; Kulisevsky, J, 2003) |
| "In patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, previously reliant on apomorphine, bilateral STN DBS is an effective treatment to reduce motor fluctuations and enable a reduction in apomorphine use." | ( Byrne, P; Cameron, H; Eldridge, PR; Fletcher, N; Forster, A; Fox, SH; Littlechild, P; Marshall, A; McIver, K; Steiger, M; Varma, TR, 2003) |
| "This study evaluated the efficacy in Parkinson's disease (PD) of a new pharmacologic preparation of apomorphine included in microemulsions and administered by transdermal route, which provides a constant release of the drug for several hours (Apo-TD)." | ( Albani, G; Astolfi, V; Baudo, S; Bergamasco, B; Calderoni, S; Cavalli, R; Fraschini, F; Gasco, MR; Lopiano, L; Mauro, A; Priano, L; Rizzone, M, 2002) |
| "Three patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, all of whom developed excessive daytime sleepiness and 'sleep attacks' after the administration of entacapone, are described." | ( Bares, M; Kanovský, P; Rektor, I, 2003) |
| "Brain samples from 14 Parkinson's disease patients, 10 of whom developed motor complications (dyskinesias and/or wearing-off) on dopaminomimetic therapy, and 11 controls were analyzed." | ( Bédard, PJ; Calon, F; Di Paolo, T; Hornykiewicz, O; Morissette, M; Rajput, AH, 2003) |
| "Thirty-six patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were randomized to either medical therapy (N = 18) or unilateral GPi pallidotomy (N = 18)." | ( Bakay, RA; Barnhart, H; Chockkan, V; DeLong, MR; Evatt, M; Freeman, A; Green, J; Haber, M; McDonald, W; Mewes, K; Triche, S; Vitek, JL; Wahlay, N; Zhang, JY, 2003) |
| "Long-term treatment with levodopa in Parkinson's disease results in the development of motor complications, including drug failure, reduced duration of antiparkinsonian action (wearing off phenomenon), sudden shifts between under-treated and over-treated states (on-off phenomenon), freezing and involuntary movements such as levodopainduced dyskinesia." | ( Calandrella, D; Martignoni, E; Riboldazzi, G; Riva, N, 2003) |
| "It did not appear that the Parkinson's disease patients on levodopa therapy were predisposed to melanoma, nor did levodopa therapy appear to exaggerate melanoma if it were previously present." | ( Fiala, KH; Manyam, BV; Whetteckey, J, 2003) |
| "The mainstay of treatment for Parkinson's disease remains medical therapy." | ( Betchen, SA; Kaplitt, M, 2003) |
| "Levodopa is the cornerstone of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment." | ( Borges, N, 2003) |
| "The symptoms of Parkinson's disease can become increasingly difficult to control as the disease advances, particularly with the development of motor complications, such as end-of-dose wearing-off and dyskinesias, following long-term therapy." | ( Stocchi, F, 2003) |
| "Along the years the treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa has revealed unfavorable effects in general after 5-10 years." | ( Pantelie, CM; Schoenfeld, MA; Schwartz, B, 2003) |
| "In a review of 61 patients with Parkinson's disease who were treated by cryothalamectomy, the technique of freezing a surgical target as compared with destroying it by alcohol or thermal heat was found effective and to a degree safer than other techniques." | ( MARKHAM, CH; RAND, RW, 1964) |
| "The majority of Parkinson's disease patients undergoing levodopa therapy develop disabling motor complications (dyskinesias) within 10 years of treatment." | ( Asbrock, N; Ferrer, B; Giuffrida, A; Kathuria, S; Piomelli, D, 2003) |
| "Long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa is compromised by the development of motor complications, including on-off fluctuations and involuntary movements termed dyskinesia." | ( Brotchie, JM; Crossman, AR; Duty, S; Fox, SH; Henry, B, 2003) |
| "A 74-year-old patient with idiopathic Parkinson's disease was evaluated for unintended sleep episodes that occurred after long-term treatment with 400 mg/day of L-dopa." | ( de la Llave, Y; Garcia de Yébenes, J; Garcia-Borreguero, D; Larrosa, O; Schwarz, C, 2003) |
| "A major goal of research in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been the development of treatments to slow the progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system and to reduce the functional decline of patients." | ( Brooks, DJ; Frey, KA; Marek, KL; Oakes, D; Paty, D; Prentice, R; Shults, CW; Stoessl, AJ, 2003) |
| "Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease who were treated with bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus had marked improvements over five years in motor function while off medication and in dyskinesia while on medication." | ( Ardouin, C; Batir, A; Benabid, AL; Benazzouz, A; Chabardes, S; Fraix, V; Koudsie, A; Krack, P; LeBas, JF; Limousin, PD; Pollak, P; Van Blercom, N, 2003) |
| "In schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, cortical and subcortical motor organization is influenced by primary disease conditions and neuroleptic treatment." | ( Deuticke, C; Hajak, G; Müller, JL; Putzhammer, A; Röder, CH; Winkler, J, 2003) |
| "Long-term L-dopa treatment of Parkinson's disease can lose its effectiveness and cause development of motor complications such as dyskinesia." | ( Chen, JF, 2003) |
| "Untreated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients display speech abnormalities characterized by narrow range of fundamental frequency (Fo) variation and higher amplitude." | ( Azevedo, LL; Cardoso, F; Reis, C, 2003) |
| "Levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease is often complicated by the occurrence of motor fluctuations, which can be predictable ('wearing-off') or unpredictable ('on-off')." | ( Calne, DB; de la Fuente-Fernández, R; Mak, E; Schulzer, M; Stoessl, AJ, 2004) |
| "Fourteen levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease patients, of which seven developed dyskinesias and seven did not, were compared with nine controls." | ( Bédard, PJ; Calon, F; Di Paolo, T; Dridi, M; Hornykiewicz, O; Rajput, AH, 2004) |
| "We present two patients with Parkinson's disease in whom administration of quetiapine for drug-induced psychosis caused characteristic stereotyped behaviors or punding." | ( Kondo, T; Miwa, H; Morita, S; Nakanishi, I, 2004) |
| "Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) may develop a variety of motor complications associated with levodopa therapy." | ( Swope, DM, 2004) |
| "78 patients with Parkinson's disease treated with pergolide and 18 never treated with an ergot-derived dopamine agonist (controls) were evaluated by echocardiography." | ( Cosyns, B; De Sutter, J; Decoodt, P; Flamez, A; Moerman, C; Muyldermans, L; Santens, P; Schoors, D; Van Camp, G; Van Zandijcke, M; Weytjens, C, 2004) |
| "Among various neurological disorders, Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most appropriate candidates of gene therapy." | ( Ozawa, K, 2003) |
| "One experimental therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) is the transplantation of embryonic ventral mesencephalic tissue." | ( Collier, TJ; Marchionini, DM; Pitzer, MR; Sortwell, CE, 2004) |
| "Current gene therapy models for Parkinson's disease have focused on two strategies." | ( Fraix, V, 2004) |
| "It only responds to an adjustment of Parkinson's disease therapy." | ( Avanzi, M; Bonfà, F; Uber, E, 2004) |
| "Dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease ameliorates motor symptoms." | ( Evans, AH; Lees, AJ, 2004) |
| "The unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), activities of daily living (ADL), Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) were assessed by a rater blinded to treatment arm." | ( Barbosa, ER; Fregni, F; Gallucci-Neto, J; Marcolin, MA; Myczkowski, ML; Pascual-Leone, A; Rigolino, R; Santos, CM; Valente, KD, 2004) |
| "In the group with Parkinson's disease, gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded during both the "on" (with levodopa treatment) and the "wearing-off" (without levodopa for at least 12 hr) periods." | ( Chang, FY; Chen, CY; Chen, JD; Lee, SD; Lu, CL; Luo, JC; Shan, DE; Wu, HC, 2004) |
| "A conception of the approach to Parkinson's disease treatment at early stage, which could be realized in practice is suggested." | ( Aristova, RA; Belikova, LP; Gusev, EI; Piatnitskiĭ, AN; Selikhova, MV; Vialkova, AB, 2004) |
| "In clinical studies, individuals with Parkinson's disease have had higher concentrations of plasma homocysteine than did controls, and experimental evidence suggests that folate deficiency or focal administration of homocysteine sensitizes dopaminergic neurons to the neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine." | ( Ascherio, A; Chen, H; Hernán, MA; Logroscino, G; Schwarzschild, MA; Willett, WC; Zhang, SM, 2004) |
| "Entacapone is a COMT inhibitor used in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, as an adjunctive therapy to L-dopa in order to prolong its bioavailability and thus its clinical effect." | ( Bassi, A; Brusa, L; Fedele, E; Lunardi, G; Pasqualetti, P; Peppe, A; Pierantozzi, M; Stanzione, P; Stefani, A, 2004) |
| "A 79-year-old woman, with Parkinson's disease treated with cabergoline, was admitted to a hospital due to jaundice and weakness." | ( Johansen, SS; Karkov, J, 2004) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease may use Dopamine Replacement Therapy (DRT) in excess of therapeutic need." | ( Bearn, J; Evans, A; Kelleher, M; Lees, A; Turner, K, 2004) |
| "Phase III trials for the treatment of Parkinson's disease are underway in Germany and Europe, while phase II trials in patients with epilepsy are ongoing in Italy." | ( , 2004) |
| "In addition to Parkinson's disease, ropinirole is also used successfully in the treatment of restless legs syndrome." | ( Jost, WH, 2004) |
| "We report on a 78-year-old woman with Parkinson's disease who presented with hydroureteronephrosis and developed RPF and serosal fibrosis during treatment with pergolide." | ( Beger, T; Bilici, A; Cetinkaya, S; Doventas, A; Erdincler, DS; Karadag, B; Ogut, G; Tezcan, V, 2004) |
| "Both mean Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total score and mean subset III of the UPDRS were significantly improved with dopaminergic treatment." | ( Benbir, G; Kaynak, D; Kaynak, H; Kiziltan, G; Uysal, O, 2005) |
| "The authors present here two cases of Parkinson's disease with depression refractory to SSRIs treatment, who experienced a complete remission after replacing the ongoing SSRIs with a serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), milnacipran." | ( Higuchi, H; Kamata, M; Shimizu, T; Takahashi, H; Yoshida, K, 2005) |
| "In the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD), striatal synaptic plasticity has been shown to be impaired, although chronic treatment with levodopa was able to restore it." | ( Bernardi, G; Calabresi, P; Centonze, D; Pisani, A, 2005) |
| "We undertook a single-center study in Parkinson's disease (PD) using standardized questionnaires to score patient-perceived involvement in therapy decisions (score 4 = low to 25 = high) and satisfaction with the consultation (score 1 = low to 7 = high)." | ( Grosset, DG; Grosset, KA, 2005) |
| "When used as monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease, ropinirole improves signs and symptoms of the disorder." | ( Hauser, RA; Lyons, KE; Pahwa, R, 2004) |
| "A 58-year-old woman with Parkinson's disease was treated with high-dose pergolide for 10 years." | ( Bax, JJ; Jukema, JW; van Hilten, JJ; van Strater, AC, 2005) |
| "(1) If patients with Parkinson's disease treated with levodopa develop end-of-dose motor fluctuations, the standard therapy is to add bromocriptine, a dopamine receptor agonist, to their ongoing treatment." | ( , 2005) |
| "In advanced Parkinson's disease, the combination of disease progression and levodopa therapy leads to the development of motor problems complicating the therapeutic response, known as motor response complications." | ( Konitsiotis, S, 2005) |
| "Whereas, L-DOPA therapy in early Parkinson's disease is accepted to improve the motor symptoms, the effects on cognitive performance are more complex: both positive and negative effects have been observed." | ( Cools, R, 2006) |
| "The chronic treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa is often associated with fluctuations of motor response and dyskinesias." | ( Bernardi, G; Mercuri, NB, 2005) |
| "Long-term disability in Parkinson's disease (PD) is related to progression of the underlying disease and the emergence of complications of chronic levodopa therapy." | ( Hauser, RA; Schwarzschild, MA, 2005) |
| "We report 69 Parkinson's disease patients treated with bilateral DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN, n = 49) or globus pallidus internus (GPi, n = 20) included in a multicentre study." | ( Agid, Y; Albanese, A; Benabid, AL; Bonnet, AM; Contarino, MF; Fraix, V; Gironell, A; Guridi, J; Hariz, MI; Houeto, JL; Kulisevsky, J; Lang, AE; Lozano, AM; Molet, J; Obeso, JA; Pascual-Sedano, B; Pidoux, B; Pollak, P; Quinn, NP; Rehncrona, S; Rodriguez-Oroz, MC; Romito, L; Saint-Cyr, J; Scerrati, M; Speelman, JD; Van Blercom, N; Volkmann, J; Xie, J; Zamarbide, I, 2005) |
| "Treating patients with Parkinson's disease is not an easy task for the physician who is facing a disease well responsive to symptomatic therapy, yet escaping any curative approaches." | ( Burkhard, PR; Villemure, JG; Vingerhoets, FJ, 2005) |
| "Fourteen male patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, each of whom had been treated with L-DOPA, and in whom additional treatment with oral dopamine agonist (DA) was needed, were followed for a period of one year." | ( Bares, M; Kanovský, P; Pohanka, M; Pulkrábek, J; Rektor, I, 2005) |
| "More than 50% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients treated with L-dopa develop L-dopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) in the long term." | ( Linazasoro, G, 2005) |
| "Cell replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease depends on a reliable source of purified dopamine (DA) neurons (PDN) and the identification of factors relevant to their survival." | ( Donaldson, AE; Iacovitti, L; Marshall, CE; Suon, S; Yang, M, 2005) |
| "We evaluated the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Schwab England ADL score before and 6 months after this treatment in 6 patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease demonstrating predominantly unilateral parkinsonian symptoms." | ( Hamada, I; Okiyama, R; Shichi, T; Takahashi, H; Taniguchi, M; Yokochi, F, 2005) |
| "Cell replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) has so far been based on the use of primary dopaminergic (DA) neuroblasts obtained from the brain of aborted human fetuses." | ( Björklund, A, 2005) |
| "The treatment of patients suffering from idiopathic Parkinson's disease has become more and more complex." | ( Ludin, HP, 2005) |
| "In order to study the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and explore therapeutic drug or approaches, the accurate animal model of PD with inexpensive, biocompatible and convenient administration was necessary." | ( Gu, W; Huang, J; Li, Y; Liu, H; Xu, Z; Yan, Z; Yang, Y; Zhu, X, 2006) |
| "Patients with early Parkinson's disease receiving rotigotine monotherapy experienced significantly greater improvements in parkinsonian symptoms (as measured by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores) compared to placebo in two large, well designed clinical trials." | ( Easthope, SE; Reynolds, NA; Wellington, K, 2005) |
| "In general, therapy for Parkinson's disease is dominated by dopamine agonists (DA) in younger patients and levodopa in older patients with comorbidities." | ( Reichmann, H, 2005) |
| "Innovative drug delivery in Parkinson's disease (PD) has the potential to reduce or avoid many side effects of current treatment, such as wearing-off type fluctuations, dyskinesia, on-off phenomena or bouts of motor freezing." | ( Brotchie, JM; Fox, SH; Johnston, TH, 2005) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with l-DOPA leads to involuntary movements (dyskinesias)." | ( Berdeaux, G; Clarke, CE; Deschaseaux-Voinet, C; Khoshnood, B; Péchevis, M; Vieregge, P; Ziegler, M, 2005) |
| "Current treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) rely on a dopamine replacement strategy and are reasonably effective, particularly in the early stages of the disease." | ( Dunnett, SB; Monville, C; Torres, EM, 2005) |
| "The poor survival of dopamine grafts in Parkinson's disease is one of the main obstacles to the widespread application of this therapy." | ( Castro, MG; Dunnett, SB; Lowenstein, PR; Monville, C; Torres, EM, 2005) |
| "Cabergoline is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD)." | ( Moritoyo, H; Moritoyo, T; Nagai, M; Nakatsuka, A; Nishikawa, N; Nomoto, M; Nomura, T; Yabe, H, 2006) |
| "In the treatment of Parkinson's disease, levodopa, DCI, MAO-B inhibitor, COMT inhibitors, dopamine receptor agonists, amantadine, anticholinergics have been applied and new drugs are being developed." | ( Moritoyo, H; Moritoyo, T; Nagai, M; Nakatsuka, A; Nisikawa, N; Nomoto, M; Yabe, H, 2005) |
| "Pharmacotherapy for Parkinson's disease is focused on dopaminergic drugs, mainly the dopamine precursor levodopa and dopamine receptor agonists." | ( Nyholm, D, 2006) |
| "Current gene therapy models for Parkinson's disease (PD) have adapted two treatment strategies." | ( Li, KR; Niu, DB; Wang, JJ; Wang, K; Wang, XM; Xue, B; Zhang, T, 2006) |
| "(1) When patients with Parkinson's disease who are taking levodopa develop motor fluctuations that do not respond to dose adjustments, the standard treatment is the addition of bromocriptine, a dopaminergic agonist." | ( , 2006) |
| "Nonhuman primate models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been invaluable to our understanding of the human disease and in the advancement of novel therapies for its treatment." | ( Kordower, JH; O'Malley, J; Soderstrom, K; Steece-Collier, K, 2006) |
| "Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease are usually treatment-related and occur in at least 30% of patients." | ( Papapetropoulos, S, 2006) |
| "L-dopa treatment of Parkinson's disease is complicated in the long term by the appearance of dyskinesia." | ( Corvol, JC; Girault, JA; Hervé, D, 2006) |
| "The long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease with L-dopa is often associated with the appearance of involuntary movements called L-dopa-induced dyskinesias." | ( Bédard, PJ; Rouillard, C; Samadi, P, 2006) |
| "The authors treated 14 Parkinson's disease patients with major depression with escitalopram in an open-label study." | ( Duda, JE; Katz, IR; Morales, KH; Stern, MB; Taraborelli, D; Weintraub, D, 2006) |
| "The management of advancing Parkinson's disease (PD) is a daunting task, complicated by dynamic medication responses, side effects, and treatment-refractory symptoms in an aging patient population." | ( Goudreau, JL, 2006) |
| "Present Parkinson's disease treatment strategies are far from ideal for a variety of reasons; it has therefore been suggested that partial dopamine receptor agonism might be a potential therapeutic approach with potentially fewer side effects." | ( Feenstra, RW; Glennon, JC; Hesselink, MB; Long, SK; McCreary, AC; Reinders, JH; Ronken, E; Van Der Neut, M; Van Scharrenburg, G, 2006) |
| "Levodopa has been the gold standard for Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy since it was successfully introduced in 1967." | ( Fahn, S, 2006) |
| "The motor part of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Epworth Sleepiness Score, and the Clinical Global Impression Scale were administered before and during the study." | ( Dobronevsky, E; Klein, C; Miniovitz, A; Prokhorov, T; Rabey, JM, 2007) |
| "We describe two patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who developed clinical criteria of pathological gambling addiction in the setting of increased dopamine replacement therapy (levodopa and dopamine agonist medications)." | ( Bandini, F; Cocito, L; Pizzorno, M; Primavera, A, 2007) |
| "For decades, awareness of Parkinson's disease mainly focused on the presence and treatment of motor symptoms." | ( Mollenhauer, B; Trenkwalder, C; Wenzel, S, 2006) |
| "Treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease with levodopa has profound effects on both movement and the pattern of movement-related reactivity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), as reflected in the local field potential (LFP)." | ( Androulidakis, AG; Blomstedt, P; Brown, P; Chen, CC; Dowsey-Limousin, P; Doyle, L; Hariz, MI; Kempf, F; Kühn, AA; Kupsch, A; Schneider, GH, 2007) |
| "In rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD) blockade of these receptors increases locomotion and enhances the actions of dopamine (DA) replacement therapy." | ( Biedka, I; Brus, R; Drosik, M; Kostrzewa, RM; Nowak, P; Szczerbak, G, 2006) |
| "Because Parkinson's disease (PD) has multiple neurological symptoms and often complex treatments, the quality of PD care may be higher when a specialist is involved." | ( Cheng, EM; Eisa, MS; Jacob, E; Lee, M; Siderowf, AD; Swarztrauber, K; Vassar, S; Vickrey, BG, 2007) |
| "Psychotic symptoms (PS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) usually develop as a side effect of the dopaminergic therapy and consist of hallucinations and delusions." | ( Erginöz, E; Ertan, S; Ertan, T; Kiziltan, G; Ozekmekçi, S, 2007) |
| "Philadelphia Veterans Administration Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC)." | ( Fisman, DN; Kleiner-Fisman, G, 2007) |
| "A 61-year-old man with Parkinson's disease (PD) developed sudden-onset visual impairment after initiation of amantadine treatment." | ( Ebihara, N; Hattori, N; Iwatake, A; Kubo, S; Murakami, A, 2008) |
| "We report two male patients with Parkinson's disease who developed compulsive risk-seeking driving behaviour as a result of self-administering high doses of L-dopa despite an adequate therapeutic response at lower doses." | ( Avanzi, M; Baratti, M; Bonfà, F; Brighetti, G; Cabrini, S; Uber, E, 2008) |
| "The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not understood and there are currently no accepted disease modifying, neuroprotective treatments." | ( Morris, HR, 2007) |
| "Thirteen treated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) took one of the two tested LD formulations on two consecutive days under randomised, double blind, identical standardised conditions." | ( Ander, L; Kolf, K; Muhlack, S; Müller, T; Woitalla, D, 2007) |
| "Our findings show that levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease patients have low folate (p < 0." | ( Angelopoulos, E; Boufidou, F; Evangelopoulos, ME; Kararizou, E; Nikolaou, C; Triantafyllou, NI; Tsounis, S; Vassilopoulos, D, 2007) |
| "In the Parkinson's Disease on Estrogen Therapy Replacement in the Menopause Years (POETRY) study, participants were found to have improved scores on the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale." | ( Shulman, LM, 2007) |
| "Treatment options for Parkinson's disease have greatly expanded in recent years." | ( Rezak, M, 2007) |
| "Recent pharmacotherapy trials in Parkinson's disease (PD) using dopaminergic neuroimaging as outcome parameter failed to show significant relationships between imaging and clinical results." | ( Bohnen, NI; Constantine, GM; Kuwabara, H; Mathis, CA; Moore, RY, 2007) |
| "(2) In patients with Parkinson's disease who have cognitive disorders, or in patients with Lewy body dementia, exacerbations of parkinsonism and tremor have been observed during treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors at normal doses." | ( , 2007) |
| "He had Parkinson's disease and had been treated with cabergoline during the preceding 4 years and 8 months." | ( Hanada, T; Higaki, Y; Hiroe, K; Inoue, S; Murakami, R; Oda, T; Okada, S; Ota, T; Shimizu, K, 2007) |
| "The unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UP-DRS) score, TCM primary and secondary symptom scores were evaluated before treatment, every 3 months of treatment and at the end point." | ( Gao, JP; Li, WW; Zhao, H, 2007) |
| "Six patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with severe motor complications were directly switched from their oral antiparkinsonian combination drug regime to nasoduodenal levodopa infusion without previously recommended transient treatment with levodopa alone." | ( Andrich, J; Meiler, B; Müller, T, 2008) |
| "Among various neurological disorders, Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most promising candidates of gene therapy." | ( Ozawa, K, 2007) |
| "Many Parkinson's disease (PD) patients treated with levodopa develop motor fluctuations and/or dyskinesia." | ( Haeger, DA; Hock, K; Mueller, T; Russ, H; Woitalla, D, 2007) |
| "Cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) respond well to treatment with levodopa and deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN)." | ( Braun, M; Groiss, S; Gross, J; Krause, H; Maarouf, M; Ostrowski, S; Ploner, M; Pollok, B; Schnitzler, A; Sturm, V; Südmeyer, M; Timmermann, L; Voges, J; Wojtecki, L, 2008) |
| "Many patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) experience motor complications, which negatively impact quality of life, despite optimized oral therapy." | ( Silver, D; Stacy, M, 2008) |
| "Symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is based on the dopamine precursor levodopa." | ( Lennernäs, H; Nyholm, D, 2008) |
| "Effective medical treatment for Parkinson's disease has been available for almost 40 years." | ( Sydow, O, 2008) |
| "To improve sleep in Parkinson's disease, it is important to achieve the critical balance of adequate dopaminergic therapy and control of symptoms." | ( Mehta, SH; Morgan, JC; Sethi, KD, 2008) |
| "Twenty-five patients with Parkinson's disease who used L-dopa (LD+) and 17 patients who did not use L-dopa (LD-) treatment were included in this study." | ( Apaydin, H; Ince, B; Oncel, C; Ozekmekçi, S; Uludüz, D, 2008) |
| "Dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease ameliorates motor symptoms." | ( Bayreuther, C; Borg, M, 2008) |
| "Drug treatment for Parkinson's disease is largely symptomatic and relies primarily on levodopa (L-dopa) and adjuvant therapies including dopamine agonists and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors." | ( Chan, DK; Cordato, DJ; O'Rourke, F, 2008) |
| "Early clinical trials designed to treat Parkinson's disease by transplantation of fetal tissue containing dopamine neuron precursors yielded promising results, but the approach retains several limitations." | ( Svendsen, C, 2008) |
| "Ten-year follow-up results from the Parkinson's Disease Research Group of the United Kingdom trial demonstrated that there were no long-term advantages to initiating treatment with bromocriptine compared with l-dopa in early Parkinson disease (PD)." | ( Ben-Shlomo, Y; Evans, A; Head, J; Katzenschlager, R; Lees, AJ; Schrag, A, 2008) |
| "Results achieved in treating the Parkinson's disease (PD) by the dopamine receptor agonist, ropinirole, have been hampered by its side effects." | ( Dikanovic, M; Jukic, I; Lusic, I; Titlic, M; Tonkic, A, 2008) |
| "To find effective agents for Parkinson's disease (PD) prevention and therapy, we examined the protective effects of the polyhydroxylated fullerene derivative C(60)(OH)(24) in a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) -induced acute cellular PD model in human neuroblastoma cells and the free radical scavenging effects in this model with an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer." | ( Cai, X; Feng, Z; Hou, B; Jia, H; Li, W; Liu, J; Liu, Z; Luo, C, 2008) |
| "Although motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are initially responsive to dopamine replacement therapy, nonresponsive features develop over time, suggesting that impaired dopaminergic function alone may not be wholly responsible for all the motor features of the disease." | ( Camicioli, RM; Gee, M; Hanstock, CC; Martin, WR; Wieler, M, 2008) |
| "Long-term treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) with the dopamine-precursor levodopa (l-DOPA) results in the development of motor fluctuations, including involuntary movements, termed l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID)." | ( Brotchie, JM; Chuang, R; Fox, SH, 2008) |
| "Long term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) results in a range of problems." | ( Fox, SH; Lang, AE, 2008) |
| "Chronic levodopa treatment for Parkinson's disease patients is frequently associated with the development of motor complications such as end-of-dose wearing-off and dyskinesias." | ( Olanow, CW; Stocchi, F; Tagliati, M, 2008) |
| "Dopaminergic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) leads to significant improvement in Parkinsonian features; however, the treatment response is hampered by the appearance of motor complications, including dyskinesias and motor fluctuations." | ( Kieburtz, K, 2008) |
| "A total of 754 patients with Parkinson's disease were enrolled, 545 of the patients (63% male patients, mean age 68 years, mean duration of PD 6 years, Hoehn & Yahr stage II to III in 69% of the patients) started rasagiline 1 mg/day as adjunct therapy for up to 4 months." | ( Jost, WH; Klasser, M; Reichmann, H, 2008) |
| "Levodopa (L-dopa) treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with elevated homocysteine (Hcy)." | ( Bouchard, TP; Camicioli, RM; Somerville, MJ, 2009) |
| "Stereotactic surgical interventions for Parkinson's disease (PD) can considerably improve appendicular motor signs, but their effect on axial motor signs--especially balance control under optimal drug therapy--remains unclear." | ( Allum, JH; Bloem, BR; Borm, GF; Carpenter, MG; Esselink, RA; Honegger, F; Limousin-Dowsey, P; Visser, JE, 2008) |
| "Sustained drug therapy in Parkinson's disease may alter the psychomotor responses to acute challenges with dopaminergic drugs, L-dopa and methylphenidate, and cause cross sensitisation." | ( Evans, AH; Lawrence, AD; Lees, AJ, 2009) |
| "Compared to controls, untreated Parkinson's disease patients showed reduced step length and velocity, and poor braking just prior to foot-contact, with a decrease in both soleus (S) and anterior tibialis (AT) muscle activity." | ( Agid, Y; Bardinet, E; Chastan, N; Do, MC; Welter, ML; Westby, GW; Yelnik, J, 2009) |
| "We studied 54 idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with depressive disorders (DD) to compare the efficacy and the effect of treatment with sertraline in the usual formulation and in the liquid oral concentrate (LOC) formulation." | ( Alagna, A; Bramanti, P; Di Bella, P; Di Lorenzo, G; Digangi, G; Marino, S; Sessa, E, 2008) |
| "Current treatments for Parkinson's disease rely on a dopamine replacement strategy and are reasonably effective, particularly in the early stages of the disease." | ( Dunnett, SB; Lane, EL; Monville, C; Pekarik, V; Torres, EM, 2009) |
| "Functional models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have led to effective treatment for the motor symptoms." | ( Jenner, P, 2008) |
| "Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is improving and we can choose a variety of drugs and surgical procedures for appropriate stages of the disease." | ( Fukuyama, H, 2009) |
| "Animal models of Parkinson's disease have been widely used for investigating the mechanisms of neurodegenerative process and for discovering alternative strategies for treating the disease." | ( Kurz, MJ; Lau, YS; Pothakos, K, 2009) |
| "Among the neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, hallucination can result from the disease itself or medical treatment." | ( Hashiguchi, K; Kawaguchi, M; Kishimoto, J; Miyagi, Y; Morioka, T; Murakami, N; Sakae, N; Samura, K; Sasaki, T; Yamasaki, R; Yoshida, F, 2009) |
| "The management of early Parkinson's disease (PD) involves the treatment of motor symptoms and, increasingly, non-motor symptoms." | ( Comella, C; Elmer, L; Hauser, RA; Lyons, KE; Pahwa, R; Simuni, T; Weintraub, D, 2009) |
| "The management of early Parkinson's disease (PD) involves the treatment of motor symptoms, and, increasingly, non-motor symptoms." | ( Comella, C; Elmer, L; Hauser, RA; Lyons, KE; Pahwa, R; Simuni, T; Weintraub, D, 2009) |
| "The mainstay of treatment for Parkinson's Disease (PD) remains symptomatic despite the rapid expansion in knowledge of its neurodegenerative process." | ( Bhidayasiri, R; Ling, H, 2009) |
| "Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease with dementia should be treated with rivastigmine." | ( Hasselbalch, SG; Kampmann, JP, 2009) |
| "Current treatments for Parkinson's disease fail to modify disease progression, and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive." | ( Sen, S; West, AB, 2009) |
| "Twenty-two consecutive patients with Parkinson's disease were included, 18 of them on cabergoline treatment." | ( Fujioka, S; Iwamoto, K; Kawamura, M; Nakajima, M; Ohno, H, 2009) |
| "Depth recordings in patients with Parkinson's disease on dopaminergic therapy have revealed a tendency for oscillatory activity in the basal ganglia that is sharply tuned to frequencies of approximately 70 Hz and increases with voluntary movement." | ( Altenmüller, DM; Brown, P; Brücke, C; Di Lazzaro, V; Doyle Gaynor, LM; Hoffmann, KT; Kempf, F; Krauss, JK; Kühn, AA; Kupsch, A; Mazzone, P; Salih, F; Schneider, GH; Trottenberg, T; Vesper, J; Wöhrle, J; Yelnik, J, 2009) |
| "Chronic L-DOPA pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's disease is often accompanied by the development of abnormal and excessive movements known as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia." | ( Del-Bel, EA; Echeverry, MB; Padovan-Neto, FE; Tumas, V, 2009) |
| "Dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease improves motor symptoms, however some patients suffer from motor and behavioural disturbances attributable to taking doses of medication well beyond the dose required to treat their motor disabilities." | ( Grosset, D, 2008) |
| "Treatment of Parkinson's disease has traditionally focused on the management of motor disability while behavioural disturbances have received less attention." | ( Antonini, A; Cilia, R, 2009) |
| "New strategies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) are shifted from dopamine (DA) replacement to regeneration or restoration of the nigro-striatal system." | ( Chen, S; Fan, X; Gu, Q; Le, W; Li, L; Li, X; Ming, M; Yang, D, 2009) |
| "In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, new evidence shows that l-DOPA, which is used to treat the symptoms of the disease but also causes dyskinesia, results in a persistent activation of the protein kinase mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) in a subset of striatal medium spiny neurons." | ( Klann, E, 2009) |
| "A total of 1176 subjects with untreated Parkinson's disease were randomly assigned to receive rasagiline (at a dose of either 1 mg or 2 mg per day) for 72 weeks (the early-start group) or placebo for 36 weeks followed by rasagiline (at a dose of either 1 mg or 2 mg per day) for 36 weeks (the delayed-start group)." | ( Feigin, PD; Hauser, R; Jankovic, J; Lang, A; Langston, W; Melamed, E; Olanow, CW; Poewe, W; Rascol, O; Stocchi, F; Tolosa, E, 2009) |
| "Available treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly symptomatic instead of halting or reversing degenerative processes affecting the disease." | ( Castrén, E; Gyárfás, T; Knuuttila, J; Lindholm, P; Rantamäki, T, 2010) |
| "Pathological gambling (PG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent impulse control disorder associated mainly with dopamine replacement therapy." | ( Cammarota, A; Cerquetti, D; de Achaval, D; Fahrer, R; Gerschcovich, ER; Inés Nouzeilles, M; Leiguarda, R; Merello, M; Perez-Lloret, S; Rossi, M, 2010) |
| "Physicians treating Parkinson's disease patients with dopamine replacement therapy should inquire about the development of any compulsive behaviours." | ( Khan, W; Rana, AQ, 2010) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and chronically treated with L-DOPA exhibit, in a percentage of 10-30%, supra-physiological levels of plasma total homocysteinemia (tHcy)." | ( Belcastro, V; Calabresi, P; Castrioto, A; Gorgone, G; Ientile, R; Menichetti, C; Pierguidi, L; Pisani, F; Rossi, A; Tambasco, N, 2010) |
| "Despite the fact that Parkinson's disease (PD) was discovered almost 200 years ago, its treatment and management remain immense challenges because progressive loss of dopaminergic nigral neurons, motor complications experienced by the patients as the disease progresses and drawbacks of pharmacotherapeutic management still persist." | ( Choonara, Y; Du Toit, LC; Modi, G; Naidoo, D; Ndesendo, V; Ngwuluka, N; Pillay, V, 2010) |
| "In the majority of Parkinson's disease patients, chronic dopamine replacement therapy leads to involuntary aimless movements known as l-dopa-induced dyskinesia." | ( Berthet, A; Bezard, E, 2009) |
| "Clinical trials in Parkinson's disease using adeno-associated viral vector-based gene therapy have shown the safety of the approach." | ( Björklund, T; Carlsson, T; Carta, M; Cederfjäll, EA; Kirik, D, 2010) |
| "For the treatment of Parkinson's disease invasive therapies have a long tradition." | ( Deuschl, G, 2010) |
| "Treatment of early Parkinson's disease (PD) should pursue objectives like possible disease-modifying effect, more physiological dopaminergic stimulation, and avoidance of motor fluctuations." | ( Stocchi, F, 2010) |
| "Early treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) affords an opportunity to forestall clinical progression." | ( Hauser, RA, 2010) |
| "To investigate gene therapy for Parkinson's disease, we simulated the disease in macaque monkeys by treating them with the complex I mitochondrial inhibitor 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, which induces selective degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons." | ( Azzouz, M; Bonvento, G; Boulet, S; Brouillet, E; Day, DM; Delzescaux, T; Drouot, X; Hantraye, P; Hérard, AS; Jan, C; Jarraya, B; Kingsman, SM; Mazarakis, ND; Miskin, JE; Mitrophanous, KA; Palfi, S; Ralph, GS; Shin, M, 2009) |
| "Timed tests of motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD) may be useful for the diagnosis of bradykinesia or to monitor disease progression or treatment response." | ( Counsell, CE; Macleod, AD, 2010) |
| "Both Parkinson's disease and its treatment can be associated with psychiatric symptoms." | ( Hol, WM; Hovestadt, A; van der Zwaard, R; van Megen, HJ, 2010) |
| "In the advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD), the conventional orally-administered pharmacological treatment can prove to be insufficient to control the motor complications associated with the disease." | ( Cámara, A; Valldeoriola, F, 2010) |
| "Previous research has indicated that in Parkinson's disease (PD) some motor speech characteristics are changed by levodopa administration, while others are not." | ( Boon, P; De Bodt, M; De Letter, M; Dhooge, I; Santens, P; Van Borsel, J, 2010) |
| "Psychotic features in patients with Parkinson's Disease usually present as visual hallucinations against a background of cognitive deterioration and dopaminomimetic therapy." | ( Bozi, M; Christodoulou, C; Douzenis, A; Gasparinatos, G; Stamboulis, E; Stefanis, C; Stefanis, L; Stefanis, N, 2010) |
| "Chronic levodopa treatment for Parkinson's disease often results in the development of abnormal involuntary movement, known as L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LIDs)." | ( Belujon, P; Grace, AA; Lodge, DJ, 2010) |
| "In the mouse Parkinson's disease model, treatment with Yi-Gan San also significantly improved motor functioning and prevented dopaminergic loss related to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine challenge." | ( Cho, KH; Doo, AR; Eun-Kyung, K; Hong, J; Jung, JH; Jung, WS; Kim, SN; Lee, H; Moon, SK; Park, HJ; Park, JY, 2010) |
| "The incidence of dementia in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients is higher than in the general population and plasma Homocysteine concentrations are increased in L-dopa treated PD patients." | ( Iliceto, G; Lamberti, P; Lamberti, SV; Logroscino, G; Santamato, A; Zoccolella, S, 2010) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease with grafts of fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue has shown some success, but can result in graft-induced dyskinesias (GIDs)." | ( Barker, RA; Kuan, WL, 2010) |
| "Current therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily directed at reversing the motor symptoms that are the consequence of dopamine deficiency and includes levodopa, dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitors." | ( Schapira, AH, 2010) |
| "Current drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), for example, L-DOPA and dopamine agonists, are very effective at reversing the motor symptoms of the disease." | ( Duty, S, 2010) |
| "Prolonged treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with levodopa leads to disabling side effects collectively referred to as 'dyskinesias'." | ( Kaczmarska, J; Konradi, C; Luksik, AS; Naydenov, AV; Vassoler, F, 2010) |
| "A 43-year-old male patient with idiopathic Parkinson disease, on dopaminergic therapy, was admitted with confusion and agitation, diaphoresis, and hyperkinesia after the commencement of the serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine 2 weeks prior for depression." | ( Abeynaike, L; Rajapakse, S; Wickramarathne, T, 2010) |
| "For pramipexole in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, this means taking into account the available evidence regarding its symptomatic efficacy, effect on delaying long-term levodopa-related motor complications, beneficial effect on non-motor symptoms such as depression, and its safety and tolerability profile." | ( Abbruzzese, G; Antonini, A; Barone, P; Ceravolo, R; Fabbrini, G; Tinazzi, M, 2010) |
| "There is evidence that Parkinson's disease dementia is associated with a cholinergic deficit, supporting the therapeutic role of cholinesterase inhibitors, which are already first-line agents in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease." | ( Cus, A; Garasević, Z; Jensterle, J; Kramberger, MG; Meglic, NP; Pirtosek, Z; Repovs, G; Stukovnik, V; Tomse, P, 2010) |
| "Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is the only neurodegenerative disorder for which highly effective symptomatic therapy is available." | ( Gárdián, G; Vécsei, L, 2010) |
| "Dopamine replacement for Parkinson's disease (PD) have seen three major iterations of improvements since the introduction of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) pharmacotherapy: dopamine receptor agonists, ex vivo gene transfer for cell transplantation and most recently in vivo gene therapy." | ( Björklund, T; Cederfjäll, EA; Kirik, D, 2010) |
| "Following the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, treatment may be initiated with MAO-B-inhibitor, even prior to the development of any functional deficit." | ( Atula, S; Heikkinen, E; Jaakkola, MR; Keränen, T; Martikainen, K; Pekka, J; Pekkonen, E; Reijo, M; Sotaniemi, K, 2010) |
| "Most medical treatments of Parkinson's disease (PD) are aimed at the reduction of motor symptoms." | ( Fiorlli, M; Iaconelli, S; Kusch, I; Lena, F; Mirabella, G; Modugno, N, 2010) |
| "Subjects included patients with Parkinson's disease who were treated with levodopa (L), carbidopa (C) and entacapone (E) either as separate tablets (LC + E) or as a single-tablet formulation (LCE)." | ( Delea, TE; Hagiwara, M; Thomas, SK, 2011) |
| "L-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease leads to dyskinesias or abnormal involuntary movement (AIMs) for which there are few treatment options." | ( Campos, C; Huang, LZ; Ivy Carroll, F; Ly, J; Quik, M, 2011) |
| "A central problem in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the development of motor disturbances like L: -DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) after long-term treatment." | ( Beck, J; Gerlach, M; Riederer, P; van den Buuse, M, 2011) |
| "Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is a well recognised risk factor for falls, how this disease and its therapy affect postural stability and leaning balance remains unclear." | ( Fung, VS; Latt, MD; Lord, SR; Menant, JC; Menz, HB, 2011) |
| "In animal models of Parkinson's disease, preladenant monotherapy improves motor function without causing dyskinesia and, as an adjunct to levodopa, it improves motor function without worsening dyskinesia." | ( Cantillon, M; Hauser, RA; Huyck, S; Micheli, F; Mok, V; Onofrj, M; Pourcher, E; Wolski, K, 2011) |
| "Two patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated successfully with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for 3-4 years are reported, who demonstrated a persistent improvement following removal of STN-DBS for late infection." | ( Duffy, A; Eldridge, PR; Fletcher, NA; Fox, SH; Varma, TR; Wong, SH, 2011) |
| "All patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with motor fluctuations due to long-term levodopa therapy have at least one non-motor fluctuation symptom." | ( Ivanov, AK; Levin, OS; Shindriaeva, NN, 2011) |
| "Levodopa is the mainstay of Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment, but is often eventually associated with disabling motor complications in patients with advanced PD." | ( Fernandez, HH; Odin, P, 2011) |
| "Animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have proved highly effective in the discovery of novel treatments for motor symptoms of PD and in the search for clues to the underlying cause of the illness." | ( Duty, S; Jenner, P, 2011) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease receiving stable dopaminergic treatment were assigned to receive rasagiline 1 mg/day or placebo for 3 months." | ( Cakmur, R; Emre, M; Feyzioglu, A; Gunal, DI; Gurvit, H; Hanagasi, HA; Horozoglu, H; Sahin, HA; Tuncer, N; Unsalan, P; Yener, GG, 2011) |
| "We compared the number of Parkinson's disease cases in British Columbia derived from self-reports in the 2001 Canadian Community Health Survey to those obtained from administrative records of filled levodopa prescriptions and to Parkinson's disease diagnoses from physician visit billing and hospital discharge records in 1996 and 2005." | ( Harris, MA; Koehoorn, M; Teschke, K, 2011) |
| "Titration of therapy in Parkinson's disease is generally geared towards optimizing dorsal striatum-mediated motor symptoms, possibly at the expense of ventral striatum operations, a consequence that is only beginning to be recognized." | ( Ganjavi, H; MacDonald, AA; MacDonald, PA; Monchi, O; Provost, JS; Seergobin, KN; Tamjeedi, R, 2011) |
| "One patient with Parkinson's disease, treated with fetal grafts 14 years ago and deep brain stimulation 6 years ago, showed marked improvement of motor symptoms but continued to suffer from OFF-medication graft-induced dyskinesias." | ( Bjorklund, A; Brooks, DJ; Lindvall, O; Oertel, WH; Piccini, P; Pogarell, O; Politis, M; Quinn, NP; Wu, K, 2011) |
| "We evaluated 39-item Parkinson's disease Quality of Life Questionnaire Summary Index score (PDQ-39SI) changes analyzing its different domains in nine patients with advanced PD treated with DLI." | ( Carpintero, P; de la Fuente-Fernández, R; Llaneza, M; Macías, M; Sanjurjo, LF; Santos-García, D, 2012) |
| "In the mid-1980s, the treatment of Parkinson's disease was quite exclusively centered on dopatherapy and was focusing on dopamine systems and motor symptoms." | ( Lozano, A; Poewe, W; Rascol, O; Stern, M, 2011) |
| "Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) are known to develop motor complications after a few years of levodopa (L-dopa) therapy." | ( Konitsiotis, S; Maranis, S; Tsouli, S, 2011) |
| "Dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) improves the motor symptoms." | ( Bayard, S; Cochen De Cock, V; Dauvillers, Y, 2011) |
| "When young Parkinson's disease patients with a history of anxiety or depression are treated with high dose of DA, they are at risk of developing impulse control disorders." | ( Auyeung, M; Cheung, CM; Lee, CN; Li, R; Tang, WK; Tsoi, TH; Yeung, E, 2011) |
| "Levodopa treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) increases in serum homocysteine levels due to its metabolism via catechol O-methyltransferase." | ( Choi, Y; Hong, JY; Kim, HO; Kim, HS; Lee, JE; Lee, PH; Nam, HS; Sohn, YH, 2011) |
| "Although the cardinal manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) are attributed to a decline in dopamine levels in the striatum, a breadth of non-motor features and treatment-related complications in which the serotonergic system plays a pivotal role are increasingly recognised." | ( Brotchie, JM; Fox, SH; Huot, P, 2011) |
| "Movement disability in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) can be treated by high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) but some patients experience psychiatric side-effects including depression, which is strongly linked to decreases in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)." | ( Hartung, H; Sharp, T; Steinbusch, HW; Tan, SK; Temel, Y; Visser-Vandewalle, V, 2012) |
| "In patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, the continuous delivery to the small intestine via a jejunal tube of levodopa/carbidopa, formulated as a gel suspension (Duodopa) represents a new treatment method." | ( Babiuc, RD; Bajenaru, OA; Ene, A; Negreanu, L; Popescu, BO; Smarandache, GC, 2011) |
| "L-Dopa is the mainstay of Parkinson's disease therapy; this drug is usually administered orally, but it is extensively metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract, so that relatively little arrives in the bloodstream as intact L-Dopa." | ( Cerasa, LS; Di Stefano, A; Iannitelli, A; Sozio, P, 2011) |
| "In early Parkinson's disease, compared with placebo, rotigotine monotherapy produced significantly greater improvements in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale summed motor and activities of daily living (ADL) scores (primary endpoint), as well as significantly higher response rates." | ( Sanford, M; Scott, LJ, 2011) |
| "Impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are associated with dopamine agonist treatment." | ( Carrière, N; Defebvre, L; Destée, A; Dujardin, K; Kreisler, A, 2012) |
| "Levodopa has been the mainstay of Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy for over 40 years, with its efficacy surpassing that of other antiparkinsonian medications." | ( Emre, M; Reichmann, H, 2012) |
| "Treatment of Parkinson's disease with dopaminergic agents, such as l-DOPA, is frequently compromised by disabling side effects, particularly dyskinesia and a shortening in duration of antiparkinsonian action." | ( Brotchie, JM; Fox, SH; Gandy, MN; Gomez-Ramirez, J; Huot, P; Johnston, TH; Lee, J; Lewis, KD; Martin-Iverson, M; McIldowie, M; Millar, Z; Nash, JE; Piggott, MJ; Salomonczyk, D; Thiele, S; Wagg, K; Yong-Kee, CJ, 2012) |
| "It is indicated for the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy to levodopa in patients [corrected]with end-of-dose fluctuations in the EU and for the treatment of adult patients with the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease in the US." | ( Hoy, SM; Keating, GM, 2012) |
| "To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Parkinson's disease combined with overactive bladder syndrome (GAB) treated with combined therapy of oral administration of Tolterodine with low dose and electroacuponcture." | ( Chen, YL; Feng, WJ; Zhang, XL, 2012) |
| "Cell therapy studies in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been confined to intrastriatal transplantation of dopamine-rich fetal mesencephalic tissue in efforts to improve motor performance." | ( Björklund, A; Brooks, DJ; Lindvall, O; Loane, C; Oertel, WH; Piccini, P; Politis, M; Quinn, NP; Wu, K, 2012) |
| "Current Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy is essentially symptomatic, and l-Dopa (LD), is the treatment of choice in more advanced stages of the disease." | ( Abbadessa, A; Cerasa, LS; Di Stefano, A; Sozio, P, 2012) |
| " In chronic diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), complex pharmacotherapy dosing schedules are reported to reduce adherence, perhaps leading to less-effective symptom control and, in PD, more erratic stimulation of dopamine receptors." | ( Barone, P; Busse, M; Debieuvre, C; Fraessdorf, M; Hauser, RA; Mizuno, Y; Poewe, W; Rascol, O; Schapira, AH, 2013) |
| "Postural disturbances in advanced Parkinson's disease are less responsive to therapy than other cardinal motor signs." | ( Colebatch, JG; Deuschl, G; Pötter-Nerger, M; Reich, MM; Volkmann, J, 2012) |
| "While Parkinson's disease (PD) phenotype in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2)-associated and sporadic PD seems similar, there is paucity of data on the possible effect of mutations in LRRK2 on response to and complications of dopaminergic therapy." | ( Cohen, OS; Friedman, E; Hassin-Baer, S; Inzelberg, R; Kaplan, N; Korczyn, AD; Kozlova, E; Rosset, S; Vituri, A; Yahalom, G, 2012) |
| "The pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) is often challenging as clinicians have to find a favourable balance between the efficacy on motor symptoms and side effect profiles of different dopaminergic medications." | ( Alobaidi, H; Pall, H, 2013) |
| "Several people with Parkinson's disease have been treated with intrastriatal grafts of fetal dopaminergic neurons." | ( Angot, E; Björklund, A; Brundin, P; Ekström, P; Lema Tomé, CM; Mattsson, B; Steiner, JA, 2012) |
| "In patients with early Parkinson's disease, monotherapy with rasagiline 1 mg/day improved symptoms of the disease relative to placebo." | ( Hoy, SM; Keating, GM; Lyseng-Williamson, KA, 2012) |
| "Levodopa treatment of Parkinson's disease is very effective, but many types of adverse events can complicate the disease course, especially dyskinesias." | ( Daragon, A; Derrey, S; Lefaucheur, R; Maltête, D; Nicolau, J; Verdet, M, 2013) |
| "Drugs used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and endocrine diseases, like hyperprolactinemia, may also induce VHD." | ( Cosyns, B; Droogmans, S; Lancellotti, P; Rosenhek, R, 2013) |
| "This suggests that cell death in Parkinson's disease is caused by a multifactorial cascade of pathogenic events and argues that effective neuroprotective therapy for Parkinson's disease may have to rely on multiple drug interventions." | ( Hirsch, EC; Jenner, P; Przedborski, S, 2013) |
| "Advances in the treatment of Parkinson's disease have led to significant improvement in many of the disabling motor symptoms of the disease, but often at the cost of neuropsychiatric side-effects." | ( Aarons, S; Peisah, C; Wijeratne, C, 2012) |
| "Levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with non-motor complications resulting from sensitisation of the ventral striatum system." | ( Broussolle, E; Castrioto, A; Chabardès, S; Fraix, V; Kistner, A; Klinger, H; Krack, P; Lhommée, E; Mertens, P; Pollak, P; Quesada, JL; Schmitt, E; Thobois, SC, 2013) |
| "Levodopa on Motor complications in Parkinson's Disease (CALM-PD) study, a randomized clinical trial, we assessed the cross-sectional (baseline and 2 years) and longitudinal (change from baseline to 2 years) reliability of a modified motor UPDRS (removing rigidity and retropulsion items) compared to the standard motor UPDRS (all items) using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), stratified by treatment group." | ( Abdolahi, A; Biglan, KM; Dorsey, ER; Killoran, A; Scoglio, N, 2013) |
| "Motor complications of Parkinson's disease (PD) are a consequence of pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation from standard oral levodopa therapy." | ( Chatamra, K; Dutta, S; Johansson, A; Locke, C; Nyholm, D; Odin, P; Othman, AA, 2013) |
| "To explore a novel therapy against Parkinson's disease through enhancement of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of 3-[(2,4-dimethoxy)benzylidene]-anabaseine dihydrochloride (DMXBA; GTS-21), a functionally selective α7 nAChR agonist, in a rat 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced hemiparkinsonian model." | ( Hisahara, S; Kawamata, J; Kem, W; Kitamura, Y; Matsumura, A; Matsushita, T; Shimohama, S; Suzuki, S; Takata, K, 2013) |
| "A small proportion of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), chronically under dopamine replacement therapy, may undergo an addiction-like behavioral disturbance, named dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS)." | ( Cannas, A; Corona, M; Marrosu, F; Marrosu, MG; Solla, P, 2013) |
| "The long-term use of levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) is often limited by the development of motor complications (e." | ( Hashida, H; Hattori, N; Iijima, M; Kano, O; Kubo, S; Matsumura, M; Murakami, H; Nanri, K; Okuma, Y; Suzuki, M; Suzuki, Y; Tomimitsu, H; Utsumi, H, 2013) |
| "The comorbidity of schizophrenia and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) is illustrated by a case description of a schizophrenic patient who develops motor symptoms finally diagnosed and treated as comorbid IPD." | ( de Jong, MH; Van Gool, AR; Zemel, D, 2014) |
| "In advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, continuous intra-duodenal infusion of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is an established approach in the management of motor complications that cannot be further improved by conventional oral therapy." | ( Antonini, A; Cornblath, DR; Ebersbach, G; Grandas, FJ; Klostermann, F; Müller, T; Odin, P; Urban, PP; Valldeoriola, F; van Laar, T, 2013) |
| "'Off' periods increase as Parkinson's disease (PD) progresses and the benefits of standard therapy wane." | ( Grosset, DG; Grosset, KA; Malek, N; Morgan, F, 2013) |
| "The assay is applied in monitoring Parkinson's disease patients under different treatments." | ( Huisman, H; Kellermann, GH; Marc, DT; Nichkova, M; Wynveen, PM, 2013) |
| "Scores using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale also improved during rasagiline treatment." | ( Chen, Y; Deng, L; Li, J; Qin, X; Sun, H; Tang, R; Yi, L; Zhang, C; Zhang, L; Zhang, Z; Zheng, J; Zhou, H, 2013) |
| "A subset of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) develops behavioral addictions, which may be due to their dopamine replacement therapy." | ( Averbeck, BB; Djamshidian, A; Housden, CR; Lees, AJ; O'Sullivan, SS; Roiser, JP, 2013) |
| "In the 6-OHDA mouse model of Parkinson's disease, doxycycline administered at a dose that both induces/represses conditional transgene expression in the tetracycline system, mitigates the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta and nerve terminals in the striatum." | ( Bel, ED; Lazzarini, M; Martin, S; Mitkovski, M; Stühmer, W; Vozari, RR, 2013) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) in subjects over 70 years old is simpler than in younger subjects for correcting the consequences of dopamine deficiency, but more complex with regard to symptoms resulting from non-dopaminergic lesions (axial symptoms, cognitive decline)." | ( Damier, P; Derkinderen, P, 2006) |
| "describe a first in Parkinson's disease (PD) patient study using a drug previously approved for diabetes treatment." | ( Barker, RA; Brundin, P; Stacy, M, 2013) |
| "Sixty-eight patients with advanced Parkinson's disease were randomly assigned to have subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation or best medical treatment for Parkinson's disease." | ( Daniels, C; Deuschl, G; Falk, D; Granert, O; van Eimeren, T; Volkmann, J; Witt, K, 2013) |
| "Current treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) are aimed at addressing motor symptoms but there is no therapy focused on modifying the course of the disease." | ( Ansorena, E; Blanco-Prieto, MJ; Garbayo, E, 2013) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease and moderate-to-severe levodopa (l-dopa)-induced dyskinesia who were receiving stable l-dopa/anti-parkinsonian treatment and were not currently receiving amantadine were randomized to receive either AFQ056 (at doses of 20, 50, 100, 150, or 200 mg daily) or placebo (1:1:1:1:2:3 ratio) for 12 weeks." | ( Destee, A; Gao, H; Graf, A; Hattori, N; Hauser, RA; Kenney, C; Lang, AE; Merschhemke, M; Nagel, J; Poewe, W; Rascol, O; Stacy, M; Stocchi, F; Tolosa, E; Trenkwalder, C, 2013) |
| "The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores, TCM symptoms scores, quality of life, change of Madopar's dosage and the toxic and adverse effects of Madopar will be observed during a 3-month treatment period and through a further 6-month follow-up period." | ( Ma, YZ; Shen, XM; Zhang, J, 2013) |
| "Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) are critical to identify and treat because of their impact on quality of life." | ( Nicholas, AP; Sung, VW, 2013) |
| "It is approved for the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD)." | ( Waters, C, 2013) |
| "In later stages of Parkinson's disease, treatment of 'off' periods with subcutaneous apomorphine is helpful but requires injection; inhaled apomorphine would be potentially more convenient." | ( Grosset, DG; Grosset, KA; Malek, N; Morgan, F, 2013) |
| "Chronic use of medication for treating Parkinson's disease (PD) can give rise to peak-dose dyskinesia." | ( Burack, MA; Giuffrida, JP; Mera, TO, 2013) |
| "Chronic pulsatile levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) leads to the development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia." | ( Hashim, HZ; Nafisah, WY; Norlinah, MI; Raymond, AA; Tamil, AM; Tan, HJ, 2014) |
| "Unmedicated Parkinson's disease patients tend to be risk-averse while dopaminergic treatment causes a tendency to take risks." | ( Appel-Cresswell, S; Barton, JJ; McKeown, MJ; Sharp, ME; Stoessl, AJ; Viswanathan, J, 2013) |
| "We performed the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and started a parenteral therapy with high doses of thiamine." | ( Colangeli, M; Compagnoni, L; Costantini, A; Pala, MI, 2013) |
| "We enrolled Parkinson's disease patients on dopamine agonist therapy with unsatisfactory control such as motor fluctuation, dyskinesia and sleep-related problems." | ( Jeon, BS; Kim, HJ; Kim, JM; Kim, JS; Kim, YE; Lee, JY; Yun, JY, 2013) |
| "In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), dopamine-agonist (DA) therapy has been associated with increased impulsive behavior." | ( Antonelli, F; Houle, S; Ko, JH; Lang, AE; Miyasaki, J; Ray, NJ; Strafella, AP; Valzania, F, 2014) |
| "Motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are commonly treated using l-DOPA although long-term treatment usually causes debilitating motor side effects including dyskinesias." | ( Bishop, C; Dupre, KB; Eskow Jaunarajs, KL; Goldenberg, AA; Lindenbach, D; Ostock, CY, 2013) |
| "Dopaminergic treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease can be associated with a finely tuned high-gamma (FTG) band oscillation between 60 and 90 Hz in the basal ganglia (BG) nuclei." | ( Brown, P; Cagnan, H; Kuhn, AA, 2014) |
| "Pimavanserin may benefit patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis for whom few other treatment options exist." | ( Ballard, C; Chi-Burris, K; Corbett, A; Cummings, J; Dhall, R; Isaacson, S; Mills, R; Williams, H, 2014) |
| "Younger age, female gender, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part II score and duration of anti-Parkinson treatment were found significantly associated with WO." | ( Abbruzzese, G; Albanese, A; Antonini, A; Attar, M; Barone, P; Bonuccelli, U; Colombo, D; Lopiano, L; Morgante, L; Onofrj, M; Posocco, V; Pramstaller, P; Ruggieri, S; Stocchi, F; Tinazzi, M; Zappia, M, 2014) |
| "The aim of stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) is to reconstruct local synapse formation and/or induce the release of dopamine and cytokines from grafted cells in the putamen." | ( Takahashi, J, 2013) |
| "She had been treated for Parkinson's disease at the neurology department of another university hospital for 9 years." | ( Hisanaga, R; Nakamura, M; Nomoto, S; Sato, T, 2013) |
| "Levodopa is the gold standard in Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment but its use is associated with motor complications." | ( Antonini, A; Pilleri, M, 2014) |
| "To evaluate general knowledge on Parkinson's disease (PD) among patients with PD and current status and choices regarding diagnosis and treatment of PD among general neurologists from grassroots hospitals of Sichuan Province, China." | ( Cao, B; Chen, D; Chen, K; Huang, R; Li, J; Shang, H; Song, W; Yang, R, 2014) |
| "In an MPTP-treated animal model of Parkinson's disease, MSC administration significantly increased final maturation of late autophagic vacuoles, fusion with lysosomes." | ( Kim, HN; Lee, PH; Oh, SH; Park, HJ; Shin, JY, 2014) |
| "The initial pharmacological treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) is symptomatic and remains based upon dopaminergic drugs." | ( Cesaro, P; Defebvre, L, 2014) |
| "Dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease, persisting despite dopaminergic treatment, affects intake of nutrients and medication, and reduces quality of life (QOL)." | ( Dick, J; Hamdy, S; Harris, M; Kellett, M; Michou, E; Rothwell, J; Vania, A, 2014) |
| "A total of 22 patients with Parkinson's disease and freezing while other symptoms had favorably responded to dopaminergic treatment." | ( Ceballos-Baumann, AO; Fietzek, UM; Schroeteler, FE; Ziegler, K; Zwosta, J, 2014) |
| "Thirteen idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients (iPD) with subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS), 9 medically treated iPD, and 21 age-matched healthy controls were tested with a probabilistic classification task." | ( Breit, S; Gharabaghi, A; Krüger, R; Lam, JM; Luft, AR; Wächter, T; Weiss, D, 2014) |
| "Dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease is associated with several unwanted effects, of which dyskinesia is the most disabling." | ( Chakrabarty, K; Drucker-Colín, R; Garcia-Montes, JR; Herrero, MT; Heumann, R; Moratalla, R; Morelli, M; Simola, N, 2014) |
| "To embed the medication of Parkinson's disease into a complex treatment plan of a patient suffering from multimorbidity can be challenging." | ( Lettow, I; Röther, J, 2014) |
| "L-dopa was the mainstay of Parkinson's disease treatment between 2005 and 2010 in Japan." | ( Ikeda, S; Ishizaki, T; Nakaoka, S; Nakayama, T; Satoh, T; Urushihara, H; Yamamoto, M, 2014) |
| "The most effective treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) L-DOPA is associated with major side effects, in particular L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, which motivates development of new treatment strategies." | ( Alken, RG; Feltmann, K; Konradsson-Geuken, Å; Malmlöf, T; Schilström, B; Schneider, F; Svensson, TH, 2015) |
| "Whether initial treatment for Parkinson's disease should consist of levodopa, dopamine agonists, or monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors (MAOBI) is uncertain." | ( Clarke, CE; Gray, A; Gray, R; Ives, N; Jenkinson, C; McIntosh, E; Patel, S; Rick, C; Wheatley, K; Williams, A, 2014) |
| "A major unresolved issue in the Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment is the development of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) as a side effect of chronic L-DOPA administration." | ( Auladell, C; Beas-Zarate, C; Camins, A; Canudas, AM; de Lemos, ML; Folch, J; Lazarowski, A; Pallàs, M; Pedros, I; Petrov, D, 2014) |
| "Rat models with 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease were treated with curcumin, DFO, or both and the effect of different treatments on dopamine level was examined." | ( Cui, X; Jiang, F; Li, Z; Liu, J; Lv, H; Niu, Y; Wang, L; Wang, W; Yu, S; Yuan, J; Zhang, H, 2014) |
| "Many patients with Parkinson's disease have motor fluctuations despite treatment with available drugs." | ( Bandak, S; Docu-Axelerad, A; Hauser, RA; Kenney, C; Kieburtz, KD; Kozyolkin, O; Lew, M; Meya, U; Neale, A; Olanow, CW; Pourcher, E; Resburg, C, 2014) |
| "Current conventional treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) are aimed at symptom management, as there is currently no known cure or treatment that can slow down its progression." | ( Brogan, B; Jansen, RL; Okello, EJ; Whitworth, AJ, 2014) |
| "Levodopa (l-dopa) therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) increases serum homocysteine levels because of its metabolism via catechol O-methyltransferase, which may lead to endothelial dysfunction." | ( Hong, JM; Lee, JS; Lee, PH; Yong, SW; Yoon, JH, 2014) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with oral levodopa have a higher prevalence of chronic, prevalently sensory, usually mild axonal polyneuropathy (PNP)." | ( Eleopra, R; Onofrj, M; Uncini, A, 2015) |
| "Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with L-DOPA eventually causes abnormal involuntary movements known as dyskinesias in most patients." | ( Bishop, C; Conti, MM; Lindenbach, D; Ostock, CY; Palumbo, N; Vilceus, N, 2015) |
| "One problem with DOPA therapy for Parkinson's disease is its cardiovascular side effects including hypotension and syncope, the underlying mechanisms of which are largely unknown." | ( Chen, S; Goshima, Y; Koga, M; Masukawa, D; Nakamura, F, 2014) |
| "One potential complication of treating Parkinson's Disease (PD) with dopaminergic drugs is dopamine dysregulation syndrome, an addiction-like response to the drug therapy." | ( Campbell, JC; Chen, N; De La Cruz, P; Jeyamohan, SB; Pilitsis, JG; Shin, D, 2014) |
| "Several treatment guidelines for Parkinson's disease (PD) had been proposed in recent decades." | ( Chang, MH; Guo, YJ; Liao, YC; Lin, CH, 2014) |
| "Current treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited to symptomatic dopaminergic therapy, while no interventions have been shown to slow down disease progression." | ( Carta, AR; Simuni, T, 2015) |
| "Treatment for Parkinson's disease was used as a proxy for this condition and lack of such treatment as a proxy for severe mental illness (SMI)." | ( Pambrun, E; Verdoux, H, 2014) |
| "Psychotic symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) caused by dopamimetic treatment are a relevant clinical problem." | ( Altpass, D; Batra, A; Farger, G; Gasser, T; Karle, KN; Lutz, UC; Sirfy, A; Wiatr, G, 2014) |
| "The main pathochemical hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the loss of dopamine in the striatum of the brain, and the oral administration of levodopa (L-dopa) is a treatment that partially restores the dopaminergic transmission." | ( Ceci, R; Colamartino, M; Cozzi, R; Duranti, G; Padua, L; Sabatini, S; Santoro, M; Testa, A, 2015) |
| "For all its imperfections at treating Parkinson's disease (PD), orally-administered levodopa (l-dopa) can be regarded as the "platinum" standard of PD therapeutics for its impact on disability and discomfort and its cost-effectiveness." | ( LeWitt, PA, 2015) |
| "The effects of dopaminergic therapy in parkinson's disease (PD) can vary depending on the class of medication selected." | ( Aminoff, MJ; Bodis-Wollner, I; Boyd, JT; Christine, CW; Dhall, R; Fang, JY; Goudreau, JL; Leehey, M; Morgan, JC; Nicholas, AP; Pérez, A; Zweig, RM, 2015) |
| "Motor complications in Parkinson's disease (PD) are associated with long-term oral levodopa treatment and linked to pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation." | ( Benesh, JA; Chatamra, K; Chouinard, S; Dubow, J; Espay, AJ; Fernandez, HH; Fung, VS; Hall, CM; Hauser, RA; Klostermann, F; Lang, AE; Lew, MF; Odin, P; Robieson, WZ; Standaert, DG; Steiger, M; Suchowersky, O; Yakupov, EZ, 2015) |
| "Gait impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) persists despite the use of dopaminergic therapy." | ( Burn, DJ; Galna, B; Lord, S; Rochester, L, 2015) |
| "Conventional symptomatic treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) with long-term L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is complicated with development of drug-induced side effects." | ( Broom, L; Cederfjäll, E; Kirik, D, 2015) |
| "Additionally, patients with a Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score lower than 70 had a significantly higher chance of clinical improvement with doxazosin treatment than those with higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores did (RR=3." | ( Barbosa, ER; Bessa Junior, Jd; Bruschini, H; Gomes, CM; Lopes, RI; Nitti, VW; Sallem, FS; Sammour, ZM; Srougi, M; Trigo-Rocha, FE, 2014) |
| "Late stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by the development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesia which inevitably emerge during the disease due to long-term use of levodopa and hinder treatment." | ( Timofeeva, AA, 2014) |
| "In neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, dual-target-directed drugs are expected to be advantageous over single-target treatments." | ( Petzer, A; Petzer, JP; Terre'Blanche, G; Van der Walt, MM, 2015) |
| "The cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) include resting tremor, akinesia, bradykinesia, and rigidity, and these motor abnormalities can be modeled in rodents by administration of the VMAT-2 (type-2 vesicular monoamine transporter) inhibitor tetrabenazine (9,10-dimethoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-1,3,4,6,7, 11b hexahydrobenzo[a]quinolizin-2-one; TBZ)." | ( Contreras-Mora, HM; Correa, M; Milligan, MN; Podurgiel, SJ; Purcell, LJ; Salamone, JD; Yohn, SE, 2015) |
| "After more than 50 years of treating Parkinson's disease with l-DOPA, there are still no guidelines on setting the optimal dose for a given patient." | ( Azulay, JP; Bardyn, T; Bordet, R; Brefel-Courbon, C; Corvol, JC; Debû, B; Defebvre, L; Delval, A; Destée, A; Devedjian, JC; Devos, D; Drapier, S; Duhamel, A; Dujardin, K; Durif, F; Eusebio, A; Faighel, M; Fraix, V; Giordana, C; Guehl, D; Houeto, JL; Labreuche, J; Lagha-Boukbiza, O; Maltête, D; Meguig, S; Moreau, C; Ory-Magne, F; Petyt, G; Rascol, O; Rouaix, N; Sablonnière, B; Saulnier, PJ; Tison, F; Tranchant, C; Vasseur, F; Vidailhet, M, 2015) |
| "Levodopa is first line treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD)." | ( Altmann, V; Callegari-Jacques, SM; Hutz, MH; Rieck, M; Rieder, CR; Schneider Medeiros, M; Schumacher-Schuh, AF, 2015) |
| "Whether the treatment of Parkinson's disease has to be initiated with levodopa or a D2 agonist like pramipexole remains debatable." | ( Fernández, E; Fresno, C; Gershanik, OS; Gomez, G; González, GA; Larramendy, C; Murer, MG; Saborido, MD; Spaans, F; Taravini, IR, 2016) |
| "Analysis of Parkinson's disease cases alone indicated that serpin-A5 and serpin-A13, and trypsin-2 expression in midbrain and cerebral cortex was different in cases with a high incidence of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and psychosis compared to those with low levels of these treatment-induced side effects." | ( Dexter, DT; Durrenberger, PF; Gentleman, SM; Hurley, MJ; Walls, AF, 2015) |
| "A marker for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD), which reflects on the occurrence of peripheral pathogenic mechanisms, would potentially improve therapy." | ( Abd-Elhadi, S; Ben-Hur, T; Honig, A; Linetsky, E; Schechter, M; Sharon, R; Simhi-Haham, D, 2015) |
| "Levodopa treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) causes motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, but few data describe their development or severity in unselected incident cohorts." | ( Counsell, CE; Macleod, AD; Scott, NW, 2016) |
| "Dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) reduces the severity of motor symptoms of the disease." | ( de la Riva, P; Delgado-Alvarado, M; Gago, B; Jiménez-Urbieta, H; Marin, C; Rodriguez-Oroz, MC, 2015) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) using stem cells has long been the focus of many researchers, but the ideal therapeutic strategy has not yet been developed." | ( Chang, KA; Choi, HS; Kim, HJ; Oh, JH; Park, HG; Ra, JC; Suh, YH, 2015) |
| "Most Parkinson's disease patients will receive levodopa therapy, and of these, the majority will develop some levodopa-induced complications." | ( Bajwa, JA; Bhidayasiri, R; Chen, RS; Hattori, N; Jamora, RD; Jeon, B; Lee, MK; Mok, VC; Pisarnpong, A; Poewe, W; Syamsudin, T; Tan, LC; Zhang, B, 2015) |
| "Levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) is often associated with disabling motor and non-motor complications in patients with advanced disease due to the variable absorption of levodopa because of an irregular or erratic emptying of the gastric content." | ( Abou Al-Shaar, H; Al-Ajlan, F; Alkahtani, K; Alkhairallah, T; Bohlega, S; Hasan, N, 2015) |
| "The moderate and severe stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) are marked by motor and non-motor complications that still remain difficult to control with the currently available therapy." | ( Antonini, A; Vorovenci, RJ, 2015) |
| "We herein report three cases of Parkinson's disease associated with difficulty in eyelid opening, referred to as apraxia of eyelid opening (AEO), which improved after aripiprazole treatment." | ( Fukunaga, K; Nakanishi, R; Tokisato, K; Tokunaga, M; Watanabe, S; Yamanaga, H, 2015) |
| "The optimal treatment strategy for Parkinson's disease has been debated for decades." | ( Tan, LC; Zhang, J, 2016) |
| "The pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited to dopamine agonists and anti-cholinergic drugs that do not stop the progress of disease." | ( Muñoz, P; Paris, I; Segura-Aguilar, J, 2016) |
| "Twenty-one patients with mild-moderate Parkinson's disease were studied twice, once after an overnight DRT washout and once after the administration of a standard dose of levodopa (Sinemet), and compared to 20 demographically-matched healthy control participants." | ( Dagher, A; Fellows, LK; Simioni, AC, 2016) |
| "In this study, ECG of 11 patients with Parkinson's disease was measured during levodopa challenge with pronounced dose of fast release levodopa to ensure the positive drug effect for deep brain stimulation treatment." | ( Karjalainen, PA; Pekkonen, E; Rissanen, SM; Ruonala, V; Tarvainen, MP, 2015) |
| "In patients with recently diagnosed Parkinson's disease, the advantage of first-line dopamine agonist therapy is uncertain." | ( , 2015) |
| "Building upon our expertise in Parkinson's disease translational research, the present study addressed this gap comparing plasma and cerebrospinal fluid bioavailability of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, carbamazepine, quinidine, lovastatin, and simvastatin, in healthy and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated macaques, the gold standard model of Parkinson's disease." | ( Bezard, E; Contamin, H; Li, Q; Thiollier, T; Wu, C; Zhang, J, 2016) |
| "With an emphasis on Parkinson's disease, this chapter will discuss recent evidence supporting the assertion that vitamin D can be a useful therapeutic agent used as an intervention therapy to be combined with existing treatments; and the case for further development of novel treatments utilizing the potential of vitamin D." | ( Fricker, RA; Middleditch, C; Orme, RP; Waite, L, 2016) |
| "Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but often not improved by dopaminergic treatment." | ( Borchert, RJ; Hughes, LE; Jones, SP; Nombela, C; Passamonti, L; Rae, CL; Rittman, T; Robbins, TW; Rowe, JB; Sami, S; Vatansever, D; Vázquez Rodríguez, P; Ye, Z, 2016) |
| "Studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have suggested that the rate of exercise performance is important in treatment efficacy and neuroprotection." | ( Ahmed, A; Alberts, JL; Beall, EB; Feldman, M; Frankemolle, A; Lowe, MJ; Phillips, M; Ridgel, AL; Thota, A, 2016) |
| "For example, in Parkinson's disease, a placebo treatment induces a release of dopamine in the striatum and changes the activity of neurons in both thalamic and subthalamic nuclei." | ( Benedetti, F; Carlino, E; Frisaldi, E; Giudetti, L; Lanotte, M; Lopiano, L; Pampallona, A; Zibetti, M, 2016) |
| "Levodopa is the reference treatment for Parkinson's disease." | ( Azulay, JP; Boulamery, A; Eusebio, A; Gayraud, D; Simon, N; Viallet, F, 2016) |
| "Dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are a common side effect of long-term dopaminergic therapy and are associated with motor dysfunctions, including gait and balance deficits." | ( Berg, D; Braatz, U; Ferreira, JJ; Graessner, H; Heger, T; Hobert, MA; Hucker, S; Maetzler, W; Manoli, Y; Meckler, S; Ramsperger, R; Serrano, JA; van Uem, J, 2016) |
| "No cure is currently available for Parkinson's disease patients; instead most medications are for treatment of symptoms." | ( Fraiwan, L; Khnouf, R; Mashagbeh, AR, 2016) |
| "L-Dopa continues to be the gold drug in Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment from 1967." | ( Abarca, J; Cardenas, C; Díaz-Veliz, G; Gysling, K; Herrera, A; Hultenby, K; Inzunza, J; Jaña, F; Mora, S; Muñoz, P; Paris, I; Raisman-Vozari, R; Segura-Aguilar, J; Steinbusch, HW, 2016) |
| "Levodopa is first-line treatment of Parkinson's disease motor symptoms but, dose response is highly variable." | ( Altmann, V; Callegari-Jacques, SM; Hutz, MH; Rieck, M; Rieder, CR; Schumacher-Schuh, AF, 2016) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease may be initiated with dopamine agonist or MAO-B-inhibitor for people under 60-65 years of age." | ( Atula, S; Autere, J; Eerola-Rautio, J; Kaasinen, V; Kauppinen, M; Martikainen, K; Pekkonen, E; Ruottinen, H; Viljamaa, M, 2016) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease often have a good initial response to dopaminergic therapy but later usually develop motor fluctuations and dyskinesia." | ( Benita León, V; Campolongo Perillo, A; Fernández Díez, S; Mariscal Pérez, N; Martínez Castrillo, JC; Puente Périz, V; Santos García, D; Seoane Urgorri, A; Udaeta Baldivieso, B, 2016) |
| "A total of 73 patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and treated with a single dopamine agonist were included in the study after undergoing clinical assessment and completing the single-question screen for REM sleep behaviour disorder and the short version of the questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive behaviours in Parkinson's disease." | ( Bellosta Diago, E; Lopez Del Val, LJ; López Garcia, E; Santos Lasaosa, S; Viloria Alebesque, A, 2017) |
| "Clinically, Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with resting tremor, postural instability, rigidity, bradykinesia, and a good response to levodopa therapy." | ( Hernandez, DG; Reed, X; Singleton, AB, 2016) |
| "Current pharmacological strategies for Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common neurological movement disorder worldwide, are predominantly symptom relieving and are often plagued with undesirable side effects after prolonged treatment." | ( Basil, AH; Hang, L; Lim, KL, 2016) |
| "The treatment of early Parkinson's disease with dopaminergic agents remains the mainstay of symptomatic therapy for this incurable neurodegenerative disorder." | ( Abler, V; Berkovich, E; Collinson, S; Eliaz, RE; Eyal, E; Fitzer-Attas, C; Freeman, N; Grossman, I; Hayden, MR; Kennedy, JL; Knight, J; Lang, AE; Levy, J; Masellis, M; Tampakeras, M; Tchelet, A; Tiwari, A, 2016) |
| "Up to 60 % of patients with Parkinson's disease may develop Parkinson's disease psychosis, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and has few treatment options." | ( Markham, A, 2016) |
| "Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease usually require optimization of levodopa therapy as a first step." | ( Evans, AH; Looi, JC; Molina Ruiz, RM; Velakoulis, D, 2016) |
| "Impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are related to treatment with dopamine agonists, which is thought to deregulate the dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway and impair reward evaluation." | ( Bourriez, JL; Carriere, N; Defebvre, L; Delval, A; Derambure, P; Dujardin, K, 2016) |
| "Chronic treatment with levodopa in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with the risk of development of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, i." | ( Fiszer, U; Michałowska, M; Szatanowski, T, 2016) |
| "Growing evidence demonstrates that in Parkinson's Disease (PD) sleep disturbances are frequent and difficult to treat." | ( Albanese, M; Imbriani, P; Liguori, C; Marciani, MG; Mercuri, NB; Pierantozzi, M; Placidi, F; Stanzione, P; Stefani, A, 2016) |
| "Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease and motor complications undergoing optimized oral therapy can significantly benefit from continuous intrajejunal levodopa/carbidopa infusion applied by means of a medication pump." | ( Ebersbach, G; Holtmann, M; Jost, W; Odin, P; Schrader, C; Südmeyer, M; Winkler, C, 2016) |
| "In advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), neurologists and patients face a complex decision for an advanced therapy." | ( Bloem, BR; Faber, MJ; Nijhuis, FA; Post, B; van Heek, J, 2016) |
| "Peripheral mononuclear cells from idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients and controls were treated ex vivo with two structurally distinct inhibitors of LRRK2, at four different doses, and immunoblotting was used to assess the reduction in LRRK2 phosphorylation at Ser910, Ser935, Ser955 and Ser973." | ( Dzamko, N; Halliday, GM; Perera, G; Ranola, M; Rowe, DB, 2016) |
| "The treatment of psychotic symptoms in Parkinson's disease is complicated due to the ability of antipsychotic medications to worsen motor symptoms." | ( Damjanović, A; Divac, N; Medić, B; Prostran, M; Savić Vujović, K; Stojanović, R, 2016) |
| "Cell replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) aims at re-establishing dopamine neurotransmission in the striatum by grafting dopamine-releasing cells." | ( Boronat-García, A; Drucker-Colín, R; Guerra-Crespo, M; Millán-Aldaco, D; Palomero-Rivero, M, 2016) |
| "Radboud Oral Motor Inventory for Parkinson's disease (ROMP) test was administered to all patients to evaluate speech, swallowing functions, and saliva control." | ( Ak, F; Cakmakli, GY; Gulunay, A; Karakoc, M; Oztekin, N; Ulusoy, EK; Yon, MI, 2016) |
| "A treatment for Parkinson's disease utilizing encapsulated porcine CP has been developed and is currently being evaluated in a Phase I clinical trial." | ( Emerich, DF; Sandrof, MA; Thanos, CG, 2017) |
| "Since Parkinson's disease (PD) provides a model for assessing dopaminergic dysfunctions in humans, our study was designed to investigate social interactions in PD patients receiving dopamine replacement therapy (Levodopa=l-Dopa) and in neurologically healthy controls." | ( Bulgheroni, M; Castiello, U; D'Amico, E; Scaravilli, T; Straulino, E, 2016) |
| "Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and contraindications for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (DBS) could particularly benefit from subcutaneous infusion therapy with apomorphine." | ( Auffret, M; Drapier, S; Houvenaghel, JF; Le Jeune, F; Maurus, A; Robert, GH; Sauleau, P; Vérin, M, 2017) |
| "We report a long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease in out-patient clinics." | ( Mizuno, Y; Origasa, H; Shimoda, S, 2018) |
| "Current therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) confer symptomatic relief and are particularly efficient in the treatment of motor symptoms in earlier disease stages." | ( Carboni, E; Koch, JC; Lingor, P, 2017) |
| "Currently, treatment of Parkinson's disease aims at alleviating its symptoms." | ( Hattori, N; Shimura, H, 2017) |
| "Sixty Parkinson's Disease (PD) specialists in Italy were invited to complete a survey covering issues on clinical and practical aspects of LCIG therapy." | ( Antonini, A; Cossu, G; Mancini, F; Modugno, N; Pilleri, M; Quatrale, R; Sensi, M; Tamma, F; Zibetti, M, 2017) |
| "In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), the efficacy of L-dopa therapy depends on its ability to restore Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the striatum." | ( , 2016) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease is symptomatic with the use of dopaminergic medications: levodopa, dopaminergic agonists and enzymatic inhibitors." | ( Defebvre, L; Moreau, C, 2017) |
| "Fluctuations in response to levodopa in Parkinson's disease (PD) are difficult to treat as tools to monitor temporal patterns of symptoms are hampered by several challenges." | ( Brokaw, EB; Burack, MA; Heldman, DA; Mari, ZK; Mera, TO; Pulliam, CL, 2018) |
| "Impulsive and compulsive behaviors in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are most often attributed to dopamine agonist therapy; dysregulation of the mesocorticolimbic system accounts for this behavioral phenotype." | ( Claassen, DO; Lopez, AM; Weintraub, D, 2017) |
| "Prolonged treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with levodopa (L-DOPA) results in motor complications, including motor fluctuations and involuntary movements known as L-DOPA induced dyskinesias (LIDs)." | ( Blandini, F; Cerri, S; Siani, F, 2017) |
| "We reviewed the literature on Parkinson's disease, dopamine agonists, and hiccups, searching for specific treatment recommendations for hiccups in this disease." | ( Aguirre, C; Calvo, B; Del Pozo-Rodríguez, A; Domingo-Echaburu, S; García, M; Isla, A; Lertxundi, U; Marquínez, AC; Solinís, MÁ, 2017) |
| "Impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson's disease patients have been described as behavioural or substance addictions including pathological gambling or compulsive medication use of dopamine replacement therapy." | ( Dardou, D; Durif, F; Fleurance, R; Gryshkova, V; Hafidi, A; Loiodice, S; McGhan, P; Nogueira da Costa, A, 2017) |
| "The phenomenon of sleep benefit (SB) in Parkinson's disease (PD), whereby waking motor function is improved despite no dopaminergic treatment overnight, is controversial." | ( Evans, A; Lee, W; Williams, DR, 2017) |
| "Dopamine as a drug for treating Parkinson's disease and metronidazole as an anti-inflammatory drug were encapsulated in the hydrogel." | ( Guo, B; Liang, X; Ma, PX; Ren, Y; Zhao, X, 2017) |
| "Mood disorders are very frequent in Parkinson's Disease (PD), and their effective treatment is still a major unresolved issue: growing evidence suggests that glutamatergic system dysfunction is directly involved." | ( Bonizzoni, E; Cattaneo, C; Keywood, C; Kottakis, I; Lazzeri, G; Müller, T, 2017) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) receiving long-term L-Dopa therapy eventually develop motor complications with unpredictable "on-off" response fluctuations and involuntary movements, leading to progressive disability." | ( D'Elia, A; Imbriani, P; Pisani, A; Schirinzi, T, 2017) |
| "A subgroup of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients treated with dopaminergic therapy develop compulsive reward-driven behaviors, which can result in life-altering morbidity." | ( Claassen, DO; Donahue, MJ; Kang, H; Kessler, R; Lin, YC; Petersen, K; Stark, A; Trujillo-Diaz, P; Van Wouwe, N; Zald, D, 2018) |
| "Early detection of Parkinson's disease (PD), as a dangerous neurodegenerative disease, is a key factor in the therapy or prevention of further development of this disease." | ( Aghili, Z; Divsalar, A; Nasirizadeh, N; Shoeibi, S; Yaghmaei, P, 2018) |
| "All current treatments of Parkinson's disease (PD) focus on enhancing the dopaminergic effects and providing symptomatic relief; however, they cannot delay the disease progression." | ( Azmy, MS; El-Naga, RN; Menze, ET; Tadros, MG, 2018) |
| "To induce Parkinson's disease-like phenotypes, we treated flies with the pesticide rotenone and isolated dopamine producing neurons of animals that were at an early disease stage." | ( Bruchhaus, I; El-Kholy, S; Fink, C; Hoffmann, J; Nolte, S; Roeder, T; Stephano, F; von Frieling, J, 2018) |
| "In a large cohort with Parkinson's disease and early motor complications, better overall behavioural outcomes were noted with bilateral subthalamic stimulation plus medical therapy compared with medical therapy alone." | ( Brefel-Courbon, C; Chabardès, S; Czernecki, V; Deuschl, G; Durif, F; Elben, S; Hälbig, TD; Houeto, JL; Krack, P; Krüger, R; Kupsch, A; Lhommée, E; Maier, F; Maltête, D; Mehdorn, M; Ory-Magne, F; Pineau, F; Pinsker, M; Rau, J; Regis, JM; Sauvaget, A; Schade-Brittinger, C; Schnitzler, A; Schüpbach, M; Sixel-Döring, F; Thobois, S; Timmermann, L; Tonder, L; Witjas, T; Witt, K; Wojtecki, L, 2018) |
| "In vivo, Parkinson's disease brain-derived α-synuclein/tau oligomers administered into Htau mouse brains accelerated endogenous tau oligomer formation concurrent with increasing cell loss." | ( Castillo-Carranza, DL; Gerson, JE; Guerrero-Muñoz, MJ; Kayed, R; Sengupta, U, 2018) |
| "The most commonly used Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment is the replacement of dopamine by its levodopa precursor (l-dopa)." | ( Asano, AGC; Asano, NMJ; Crovella, S; da Silva, RC; de Lima, GDC; de Souza, PRE; Dos Anjos, RSG; Dos Santos, EUD; Sampaio, TF, 2018) |
| "In a model of early-stage Parkinson's disease induced by a single intranasal administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to Wistar rats, a neuroprotective effect of a new derivative of carnosine and α-lipoic acid (C/LA nanomicellar complex) was demonstrated." | ( Berezhnoy, DS; Fedorova, TN; Kulikova, OI; Lopachev, AV; Orlova, VS; Stvolinsky, SL, 2018) |
| "To determine if age and Parkinson's disease duration at therapy initiation influence the efficacy of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) on quality of life and activities of daily living." | ( Antonini, A; Bergmann, L; Poewe, W; Robieson, WZ; Yegin, A, 2018) |
| "The greatest unmet medical need in Parkinson's disease (PD) is treatments that slow the relentless progression of symptoms." | ( Brundin, P; Cedarbaum, JM; Sardi, SP, 2018) |
| "Technological solutions for quantifying Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms may provide an objective means to track response to treatment, including side effects such as levodopa-induced dyskinesia." | ( Fox, SH; Li, MH; Mestre, TA; Taati, B, 2018) |
| "Long-term therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) with levodopa (L-DOPA) is associated with a high risk of developing motor fluctuations and dyskinesia." | ( Foki, T; Hitzl, D; Lehrner, J; Novak, K; Pirker, W; Pusswald, G, 2018) |
| "The 39-item Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39) is the most widely used self-administered questionnaire assessing the quality of life of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients." | ( Jamora, RDG; Saranza, GRM; Sumalapao, DEP; Suratos, CTR, 2018) |
| "Therefore, diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was made and a transdermal rotigotine patch was selected as a treatment." | ( Hattori, N; Ogawa, T; Oyama, G, 2018) |
| "The gold standard of treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is levodopa/carbidopa whose long-term use induces motor and non-motor fluctuations and dyskinesias." | ( Allone, C; Bonanno, L; Bramanti, P; Ciurleo, R; Corallo, F; Di Lorenzo, G; Lo Buono, V; Marino, S; Palmeri, R; Versaci, R, 2018) |
| "Among 657 patients with drug-naïve Parkinson's disease who met the study criteria, 90 were initially treated with dopamine agonists (levodopa-sparing group; levodopa supplementation after 2." | ( Chung, SJ; Jeong, HE; Kim, JS; Kim, SJ; Lee, HS; Lee, PH; Oh, JS; Sohn, YH; Yoo, HS, 2018) |
| "Pain in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating symptom with a prevalence of 68%, yet is untreated 50% of the time." | ( Akhter, S; Malik, SH; Qureshi, AR; Rana, AQ; Rana, R; Rizvi, SFH; Sarfraz, Z; Vannabouathong, C, 2018) |
| "This is the first case of Parkinson's disease patient with LCIG therapy by surgical gastrostomy in Japan." | ( Hirozawa, D; Ikenaka, K; Mochizuki, H; Nakano, T; Sasaki, T; Shimamura, M, 2018) |
| "The effects of dopaminergic therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) on the brain functional architecture are still unclear." | ( Ballarini, T; Bezdicek, O; Jech, R; Mueller, K; Roth, J; Růžička, E; Růžička, F; Schroeter, ML; Villringer, A; Vymazal, J, 2018) |
| "In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with DBS of the subthalamic nucleus, we studied the effect of DBS on scanning eye movements." | ( Hamada, M; Hattori, N; Inomata-Terada, S; Matsuda, SI; Oyama, G; Sasaki, T; Shimo, Y; Terao, Y; Tokushige, SI; Tsuji, S; Ugawa, Y; Umemura, A; Yugeta, A, 2018) |
| "The greatest unmet therapeutic need in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a treatment that slows the relentless progression of the symptoms and the neurodegenerative process." | ( Brundin, P; Greenamyre, JT; Sardi, SP; Shihabuddin, LS; Stephenson, D, 2018) |
| "In 19 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 18 age-matched controls, we found that dopaminergic therapy decreased the efficiency of stimulus-response learning, with corresponding attenuation of ventral striatum (VS) activation." | ( Ganjavi, H; Hiebert, NM; Jenkins, ME; MacDonald, PA; Mendonça, D; Owen, AM; Seergobin, KN, 2019) |
| "Treatment efficacy was assessed in 30 Parkinson's disease patients as motor symptoms improvement from unmedicated to medicated state as assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score III." | ( Albrecht, F; Ballarini, T; Bezdicek, O; Jech, R; Mueller, K; Roth, J; Růžička, E; Růžička, F; Schroeter, ML; Vymazal, J, 2019) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) are often treated with an atypical antipsychotic, especially quetiapine or clozapine, but side effects, lack of sufficient efficacy, or both may motivate a switch to pimavanserin, the first medication approved for management of PDP." | ( Adler, CH; Alva, G; Black, KJ; Cooney, JW; Isaacson, S; Kremens, D; Menza, MA; Meyer, JM; Morrissette, DA; Nasrallah, H; Pahwa, R; Patkar, AA; Simuni, T; Stacy, M; Stahl, SM, 2018) |
| "Impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are associated with dopaminergic dysfunction and treatment, but have no satisfactory therapeutic solution." | ( Ballanger, B; Boulinguez, P; Laurencin, C; Meyer, GM; Sescousse, G; Spay, C, 2019) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease chronically treated with levodopa commonly have delayed or unpredictable onset of its benefits after oral intake." | ( Batycky, R; Fernandez, HH; Hauser, RA; Isaacson, SH; Lew, M; LeWitt, PA; Lopez-Manzanares, L; Oh, C; Pahwa, R; Pourcher, E; Rudzínska, M; Saint-Hilaire, M; Sedkov, A; Waters, C, 2019) |
| "Among patients with early Parkinson's disease who were evaluated over the course of 80 weeks, treatment with levodopa in combination with carbidopa had no disease-modifying effect." | ( Bloem, BR; Boel, JA; de Bie, RMA; de Haan, RJ; Deuschl, G; Dijkgraaf, MGW; Lang, AE; Munts, AG; Post, B; Suwijn, SR; Tissingh, G; van Hilten, JJ; van Laar, T; Verschuur, CVM, 2019) |
| "Optimizing idiopathic Parkinson's disease treatment is a challenging, multifaceted and continuous process with direct impact on patients' quality of life." | ( Lees, AJ; Moro, A; Munhoz, RP; Pessoa, RR; Teive, HAG, 2018) |
| "For the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease the deep brain stimulation (DBS) and the levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) therapies are available in Hungary." | ( Aschermann, Z; Harmat, M; Janszky, J; Juhász, A; Kovács, N; Pintér, D, 2019) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease remains symptomatic but allows, for many years, a good control of motor and non-motor signs." | ( Danaila, T; Laurencin, C; Thobois, S, 2018) |
| "Levodopa treatment does improve Parkinson's disease (PD) dysgraphia, but previous research is not in agreement about which aspects are most responsive." | ( Arjunan, SP; Kempster, P; Kumar, D; Nagao, KJ; Raghav, S; Viswanthan, R; Wong, K; Zham, P, 2019) |
| "Few studies have investigated if Parkinson's disease (PD), advancing age, or exogenous dopamine therapy affect the perceived timing of past events." | ( Goodale, MA; MacDonald, PA; Yabe, Y, 2019) |
| "Dementia is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but treatment options are limited." | ( Cottam, V; Double, KL; Galli, E; Halliday, GM; Lindholm, P; Mathews, KJ; Rappou, E; Saarma, M; Shannon Weickert, C; Virachit, S; Werry, E, 2019) |
| "He also had advanced Parkinson's disease, treated with several dopamine agonists." | ( Del Yerro-Alvarez, MJ; Fernandez-Sotos, P; Garcia-Tercero, E; Lopez-Alvarez, J; Lopez-Arcas Calleja, P; Lozano-Vicario, L, 2019) |
| "In patients suffering from Parkinson's disease for more than 5 years, in 364 cases out of 653 a dopamine agonist was part of the therapy." | ( Biró, I; Mihály, I; Orbán-Kis, K; Péter, C; Szász, JA; Szatmári, S; Viorelia, C, 2019) |
| "Current pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) is palliative and unable to modify the progression of neurodegeneration." | ( Brum Junior, L; Campos, AC; Crippa, JA; Del-Bel, E; Ferreira-Junior, NC; Guimarães, FS; Hallak, JE; Zimmermann, PMDR; Zuardi, AW, 2020) |
| "The use of levodopa for treatment of Parkinson's disease is a well-established clinical practice." | ( Bougea, A; Katoulis, A; Spantideas, N; Stefanis, L, 2019) |
| "CONCLUSIONS SIP was downregulated in Parkinson's disease and it played a protective role in the development Parkinson's disease, thus may be a promising target for Parkinson's disease treatment." | ( Qu, M, 2019) |
| "Treatment patterns in Parkinson's disease (PD) have not been extensively studied for nearly two decades." | ( Boess, F; Constantinovici, N; Ding, Y; Freitas, R; Houghton, R; Ong, R; Verselis, L, 2019) |
| "LID is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), emerging as a consequence of chronic therapy with levodopa, and may be either dystonic or choreiform." | ( Calabresi, P; Standaert, DG, 2019) |
| "Levodopa is widely used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD), and its long-term therapy may induce dyskinesia in a dose-dependent manner." | ( Chen, H; Feng, T; Jiang, Y; Liu, G; Ma, H; Su, D; Wang, D; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Yang, Y; Zhang, M, 2020) |
| "Impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been associated with cognitive impulsivity and dopaminergic dysfunction and treatment." | ( Ballanger, B; Boulinguez, P; Cilia, R; Lio, G; Meyer, G; Pezzoli, G; Spay, C, 2019) |
| "Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (PD) predate motor symptoms and substantially decrease quality of life; however, detection, monitoring, and treatments are unavailable for many of these symptoms." | ( Atashzar, SF; Bernardinis, M; Jog, MS; Patel, RV, 2019) |
| "Current pharmacological treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) are focused on symptomatic relief, but not on disease modification, based on the strong belief that PD is caused by irreversible dopaminergic neuronal death." | ( Cho, IJ; Heo, JY; Huh, SH; Hwang, EM; Hwang, O; Hwang, YJ; Im, H; Jang, BK; Jang, DP; Jeon, SR; Jeong, JY; Jin, BK; Jo, S; Kim, HY; Kim, J; Kim, KI; Kim, S; Kim, Y; Kowall, NW; Kweon, GR; Lee, CJ; Lee, HJ; Lee, J; Lee, JA; Lee, MJ; Lee, SE; Nam, MH; Oh, SJ; Paek, SH; Park, HJ; Park, JH; Park, KD; Ryu, H; Shim, I; Shim, JE; Shin, H; Won, W; Woo, DH; Yoon, HH; Yoon, JH, 2020) |
| "The unified Parkinson's disease rating scale published by the Movement Disorder Society (MDS-UPDRS) is an validated instrument regularly administrated by trained physician to assess the severity of a PD patient's motor disorder." | ( Chang, CM; Chen, JC; Huang, YL; Lee, CC, 2019) |
| "Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) through dopamine replacement strategies may provide improvement in early stages and this treatment response is related to dopaminergic neuronal mass which decreases in advanced stages." | ( Elango, P; Ghanta, MK; L V K S, B, 2020) |
| "As patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) are more prone to a movement disorder, the quantification of gait characteristics helps in personalizing the treatment." | ( Aich, S; Chakraborty, S; Jong Seong, S; Joo, MI; Kim, HC; Kim, HT; Kim, IH; Lee, HG; Park, J; Pradhan, PM, 2020) |
| "Treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone (LCE) has been studied for a long time." | ( Li, K; Li, S; Liao, X; Liu, D; Shuai, B; Wu, N, 2020) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia were randomized to IRL752 or placebo treatment (3:1 ratio) for 28 days." | ( Bergquist, F; Dizdar, N; Grigoriou, S; Hansson, F; Johansson, A; Nyholm, D; Odin, P; Rinne, J; Sonesson, C; Svenningsson, P; Tedroff, J; Tsitsi, P; Wictorin, K, 2020) |
| "The 'poster child' for this scenario is Parkinson's disease (PD) medically managed by pharmacological treatments." | ( Kirby, A; Napier, TC; Persons, AL, 2020) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations were treated with opicapone 50 mg for 3 (Germany) or 6 (UK) months in addition to their current levodopa and other antiparkinsonian treatments." | ( Lees, A; Magalhães, D; Reichmann, H; Rocha, JF; Soares-da-Silva, P, 2020) |
| "Long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) by levodopa leads to motor complication "wearing-off"." | ( Ando-Kanagawa, Y; Cha, PC; Murata, M; Satake, W; Toda, T; Yamamoto, K, 2020) |
| "Furthermore, in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease receiving levodopa, concomitant rasagiline administration reduced the duration of "wearing-off"." | ( Hattori, N; Nagai, M, 2020) |
| "Chronic levodopa treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) may promote undesirable motor and non-motor fluctuations." | ( Aracil-Bolaños, I; Bejr-Kasem, H; Calopa, M; Campolongo, A; Crespo-Cuevas, A; de Fàbregues, O; Horta-Barba, A; Izquierdo-Barrionuevo, C; Kulisevsky, J; Marín-Lahoz, J; Martinez-Horta, S; Pagonabarraga, J; Pascual-Sedano, B; Pérez-Pérez, J; Puente, V, 2020) |
| "Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease are common neuropsychiatric complications associated with dopamine replacement therapy." | ( Baig, F; Drew, DS; Hu, M; Husain, M; Kelly, M; Manohar, S; Muhammed, K; Okai, D; Saleh, Y; Sarangmat, N, 2020) |
| "Long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with levodopa is hampered by motor complications related to the inability of residual nigrostriatal neurons to convert levodopa to dopamine (DA) and use it appropriately." | ( Blandini, F; Cerri, S, 2020) |
| "The natural pattern of progression of Parkinson's disease is largely unknown because patients are conventionally followed on treatment." | ( Akpalu, A; Bonvegna, S; Cereda, E; Cham, M; Cilia, R; Del Sorbo, F; Laryea, R; Obese, V; Oppon, K; Pezzoli, G; Sarfo, FS; Zecchinelli, AL, 2020) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is hampered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB)." | ( Chen, T; Chen, X; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Luo, J; Wang, Q; Xie, Z; Xiong, S; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2020) |
| "Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and depression are growing burdens for society globally, partly due to a lack of effective treatments." | ( Cho, J; Do, HTT, 2020) |
| "Current pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) is symptomatic and palliative, with levodopa/carbidopa therapy remaining the prime treatment, and nevertheless, being unable to modulate the progression of the neurodegeneration." | ( Behl, T; Brata, R; Bungau, S; Fratila, O; Hassan, SSU; Jhanji, R; Kaur, G; Kumar, A; Mehta, V; Zengin, G, 2020) |
| "Understanding Parkinson's disease (PD), in particular in its earliest phases, is important for diagnosis and treatment." | ( Ashrafi, A; Buttini, M; Garcia, P; Glaab, E; Hendrickx, DM; Kaoma, T; Kollmus, H; Nicot, N; Schmit, KJ; Sciortino, A; Vallar, L, 2021) |
| "The elevated risk of Parkinson's disease in patients with diabetes might be mitigated depending on the type of drugs prescribed to treat diabetes." | ( Athauda, D; Auld, G; Brauer, R; Foltynie, T; Girges, C; Ma, T; Vijiaratnam, N; Wei, L; Whittlesea, C; Wong, I, 2020) |
| "Levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment in Parkinson's disease is limited by the emergence of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia." | ( Altwal, F; Moon, C; Steiner, H; West, AR, 2020) |
| "The exact pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is quite complicated and the present anti-Parkinson's disease treatments appear to be clinically insufficient." | ( Agarwal, T; He, X; Shen, B; Singla, RK, 2021) |
| "Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), and we have previously shown that astrocytes in substantia nigra (SN) are enriched in AQP4 relative to cortical astrocytes, and that their complement of AQP4 is further increased following treatment with the parkinsonogenic toxin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)." | ( Amiry-Moghaddam, M; Ottersen, OP; Prydz, A; Skare, Ø; Skauli, N; Stahl, K; Zahl, S, 2020) |
| "Benserazide is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and was noticed to induce gamma globin in preclinical models." | ( Costa, FF; de Azevedo, PC; Fertrin, KY; Leonardo, DP; Olops, L; Piovesana, LG; Santos, MEHP; Tavares, AHJ; Vendrame, F, 2021) |
| "The clinical profile of patients with Parkinson's disease is paramount in deciding the most appropriate therapy for the treatment of motor fluctuations." | ( Alonso-Cánovas, A; Alonso-Frech, FA; Borrue-Fernández, C; Catalán, MJ; En Representación Del Grupo de Trastornos Del Movimiento de la Asociación Madrileña de Neurología, ERDGTDMAMN; Fanjul-Arbós, S; García Ruiz-Espiga, P; García-Cobos, E; García-Ramos, R; Herreros-Rodríguez, J; Kurtis-Urra, M; López-Lozano, JJ; López-Manzanares, L; Martínez-Castrillo, JC; Martínez-Fernández, R; Mata, M; Peña-Llamas, E; Pérez-Sánchez, JR; Posada, IJ; Rodríguez-Sanz, A; Rojo, A; Romero-Muñoz, JP; Ruiz-Huete, C; Sánchez-Alonso, MP; Vivancos-Matellano, F, 2020) |
| "The clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) requires the presence of parkinsonism and supportive criteria that include a clear and dramatic beneficial response to dopaminergic therapy." | ( Cairns, NJ; Criswell, S; Davis, AA; Hartlein, J; Kotzbauer, PT; Maiti, B; Martin, WRW; Miles, M; Norris, SA; Perlmutter, JS; Perrin, RJ; Racette, BA; Ushe, M; Zhong, Q, 2021) |
| "Current therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) are palliative, of which the levodopa/carbidopa therapy remains the primary choice but is unable to modulate the progression of neurodegeneration." | ( Behl, T; Buhas, C; Bungau, S; Bustea, C; Fratila, O; Judea-Pusta, CT; Kaur, G; Negrut, N, 2021) |
| "Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) can be recapitulated in animals by administration of α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the brain." | ( Adlard, PA; Ayton, S; Bush, AI; Finkelstein, DI; Guiney, SJ; Lei, P; Mawal, CH, 2020) |
| "There is currently no cure for Parkinson's disease, and the most commonly used treatment, levodopa, only functions as a temporary relief of motor symptoms." | ( Adolfs, Y; Buijsman, RC; de Man, J; de Wit, J; Gerard Sterrenburg, J; Grobben, Y; Hartog, M; Kraneveld, AD; Muller, M; Pasterkamp, RJ; Perez-Pardo, P; Tutone, M; Uitdehaag, JCM; van Cauter, F; van Doornmalen, AM; Vu-Pham, D; Willemsen-Seegers, N; Zaman, GJR, 2021) |
| "Amantadine is commonly used to treat Parkinson's disease." | ( Lee, AJ; Poon, LH; Vuong, M; Zuzuarregui, JR, 2021) |
| "An 80-year-old man with Parkinson's disease diagnosed in 2015 was started on amantadine for treatment of progressive tremor and orofacial dyskinesias induced by levodopa." | ( Lee, AJ; Poon, LH; Vuong, M; Zuzuarregui, JR, 2021) |
| "Dopaminergic therapy is effective in Parkinson's disease (PD), but should be adjusted as neurodegeneration progresses." | ( Máñez-Miró, JU; Martínez-Martín, P; Vivancos-Matellano, F; Wetmore, J, 2021) |
| "STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Parkinson's Disease remains a common neurodegenerative disease with palliative versus causal treatments." | ( Bindas, AJ; Koppes, AN; Koppes, RA; Kulkarni, S, 2021) |
| "Diabetic patients with Parkinson's disease being treated with DPP4 inhibitors had a higher baseline dopamine transporter availability in the anterior (2." | ( Baik, K; Chung, SJ; Hong, N; Jeong, SH; Jung, JH; Lee, PH; Lee, YH; Sohn, YH; Yoo, HS, 2021) |
| "Patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease had either daily 30-min treatment with bipolar (±50 V) transcranial pulsed electromagnetic stimulation (squared pulses, 3ms duration) for three eight-week periods separated by one-week pauses (T-PEMF group) (n = 16) or were included in a PD-control group (n = 8)." | ( Jensen, BR; Malling, ASB; Meyer, M; Morberg, BM; Schmidt, SI; Wermuth, L, 2021) |
| "Standard treatment of Parkinson's disease involves the dopaminergic medications." | ( Bonanno, L; Bramanti, P; Cartella, E; Corallo, F; Di Lorenzo, G; Lo Buono, V; Lucà Trombetta, M; Marino, S; Palmeri, R, 2021) |
| "Current therapeutic approaches for Parkinson's disease (PD) are based around treatments that alleviate symptoms but do not slow or prevent disease progression." | ( Azeggagh, S; Berwick, DC, 2022) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease is adversely affected by several factors: the disease progresses relentlessly, the symptoms and rate of progression, other concomitant non-motor symptoms, and the appearance of complications caused by treatment show great heterogeneity." | ( Nagy, F, 2021) |
| "In 11 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who were using levodopa and had hallucinations and/or delusions considered to be attributed to use of dopamine agonists (DAs), we reduced or discontinued DAs and added zonisamide, and we then evaluated the effects of this treatment on psychiatric and motor symptoms." | ( Abe, T; Maruyama, H, 2021) |
| "Dyskinesia is a serious complication of Parkinson's disease during levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment." | ( Fan, HX; Li, JJ; Li, XX; Sheng, S; Zhang, F; Zheng, CQ, 2021) |
| "Important exclusion criteria were Parkinson's disease dementia, current delirium, and treatment with antipsychotics or drugs that have significant anti-cholinergic side effects." | ( Bloem, BR; de Bie, RMA; de Haan, RJ; Foncke, EMJ; Munts, AG; Post, B; Schmand, BA; Tissingh, G; van Harten, B; van Mierlo, TJM, 2021) |
| "Some patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) undergoing levodopa‒carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) treatment experience motor fluctuations in the afternoon." | ( Ando, R; Hosokawa, Y; Miyaue, N; Nagai, M; Tada, S; Yabe, H; Yamanishi, Y; Yoshida, A, 2021) |
| "Levodopa remains the gold-standard Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment, but the inevitable development of motor complications has led to intense activity in pursuit of its optimal delivery." | ( Ferreira, JJ; Jenner, P; Rascol, O; Rocha, JF; Soares-da-Silva, P, 2021) |
| "Current treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) provide only symptomatic relief, with no disease-modifying therapies identified to date." | ( Brundin, P; Burbulla, LF; Jiang, W; Johnson, ME; Krainc, D; Song, P; Zheng, J, 2021) |
| "Most treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) focus on improving the symptoms and the dopaminergic effects; nevertheless, they cannot delay the disease progression." | ( Habib, CN; Masoud, SI; Menze, ET; Mohamed, MR; Tadros, MG; Tolba, MF, 2022) |
| "A 57-year-old male with Parkinson's disease was experiencing worsening tremors and vivid hallucinations despite therapy optimization attempts." | ( Amin, N; Hanna, A; Matos, A; Michaud, V; Pizzolato, K; Thacker, D; Toro-Pagán, ND; Turgeon, J, 2021) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative human disorder, continues to be symptomatic." | ( Díaz-de-Villegas, MD; Gálvez, JA; José Galano-Frutos, J; Mahía, A; Navarro, S; Pallarés, I; Peña-Díaz, S; Pujols, J; Sancho, J; Ventura, S, 2021) |
| "A 59-year-old man with advanced Parkinson's disease treated using levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) presented with leg edema, hypoalbuminemia, and proteinuria at 1 year after the treatment." | ( Ito, E; Sugiura, Y; Tokimura, R; Ugawa, Y, 2022) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been hindered by the complex pathologies and multiple membrane barriers during drug delivery." | ( Hao, Q; Ji, W; Li, Y; Lu, Z; Peng, H; Shen, J; Wang, J; Wang, W; Wu, Y; Yang, J; Zhang, X; Zhao, R, 2022) |
| "Marketed drugs for Parkinson's disease (PD) treat disease motor symptoms but are ineffective in stopping or slowing disease progression." | ( Bernardini, R; Burgaletto, C; Cantarella, G; Carboni, E; Cardia, MC; Carta, AR; Casu, MA; Coroneo, V; De Simone, A; Ena, A; Etzi, M; Fusco, G; Greig, NH; Lai, F; Palmas, MF; Picci, L; Pisanu, A; Scerba, MT; Tweedie, D, 2022) |
| "Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is currently considered a challenging issue since it causes substantial disability, poor quality of life, and mortality." | ( Azizi, G; Hossein-Khannazer, N; Mousavi, MA; Salahi, S; Vosough, M, 2022) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been consistently modified for more than 60 years." | ( Di Battista, V; Hey-Hawkins, E, 2022) |
| "Animal models of Parkinson's disease are useful to evaluate new treatments and to elucidate the etiology of the disease." | ( Avendaño-Estrada, A; Ávila-Rodríguez, MA; Verdugo-Díaz, L, 2022) |
| "Animal models of Parkinson's disease were built according to MPTP administration." | ( Ma, Y; Rong, Q, 2022) |
| "The drug indication is for Parkinson's disease as an adjunct therapy to levodopa/carbidopa." | ( Habet, S, 2022) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often experience motor fluctuations (reduced and variable response to medication) following prolonged treatment with levodopa, which is currently the most effective treatment for the symptoms of PD." | ( Carroll, C; Chaudhuri, KR; Evans, J; Foltynie, T; Lees, A; Pavese, N; Reichmann, H; Schofield, C; Sharma, JC; Soares-da-Silva, P; Zurowska, L, 2022) |
| "This article selects Parkinson's disease patients from the provincial hospital to conduct investigations and group experiments on these people to test the effects of different levels of ropinirole hydrochloride in the treatment of Parkinson's disease." | ( Chen, Y; Gao, X; Kong, Q; Zhang, J, 2022) |
| "With the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), pulsatile treatment with oral levodopa causes maladaptive changes within basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits, which are clinically expressed as motor fluctuations and dyskinesias." | ( Flisar, D; Kojović, M; Kolmančič, K; Kramberger, MG; Pirtošek, Z; Trošt, M; Zupančič, NK, 2022) |
| "Dementia is a common feature in Parkinson's disease (PD); however, data on dementia treatment patterns in patients with PD are scarce." | ( Kim, HJ; Yoon, B, 2022) |
| "A 58-year-old man, diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, treated for six months with levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel, administered through a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube with jejunal extension, presented at the emergency department for abdominal pain." | ( García-Cano Lizcano, J; Gil Rojas, S; González Martínez, F; López Moreno, MB; Martínez Blanco, P; Olcina Domínguez, P, 2022) |
| "12 advanced Parkinson's disease patients on intrajejunal levodopa therapy who were additionally treated with overnight rotigotine transdermal patch (mean dose 5." | ( Ann Natividad, J; Chaudhuri, KR; Chung-Faye, G; Lau, YH; Leta, V; Metta, V; Parry, M; Rukavina, K, 2022) |
| "Levodopa is the standard treatment for Parkinson's disease, but its use is marred by the emergence of dyskinesia, for which treatment options remain limited." | ( Frouni, I; Huot, P, 2022) |
| "Long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) can cause levodopa induced dyskinesia (LID)." | ( Chaurasia, RN; Dwivedi, A; Dwivedi, N; Joshi, D; Kumar, A; Mishra, VN; Mohanty, S; Pathak, A; Singh, VK, 2023) |
| "Current treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) ameliorates symptoms but fails to block disease progression." | ( Gao, Y; Hong, JS; Hou, L; Li, D; Li, N; Li, S; Liu, J; Tian, L; Tu, D; Wang, Q; Zhang, X; Zhao, J, 2022) |
| "Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease, the symptoms of which can be treated reasonably well; however, therapeutic recommendations need to be refined based on the observations from everyday practice." | ( Baróti, B; Constantin, V; Forró, T; Frigy, A; Kelemen, K; Metz, J; Mihály, I; Orbán-Kis, K; Szász, JA; Szász, RM; Szatmári, S; Török, Á, 2022) |
| "Current treatments for Parkinson's Disease (PD) only provide symptomatic relief; however, they don't delay the disease progression, hence new treatment options should be considered." | ( Ahmed, HI; Albohy, A; Azab, SS; Kamal, RE; Menze, E, 2022) |
| "Quality of life (QoL) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasingly used as an efficacy outcome in clinical studies of PD to evaluate the impact of treatment from the patient's perspective." | ( Li, T; Liang, Z; Liu, M; Zhang, Z; Zou, S, 2022) |
| "Pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's disease decreases the risk for cancers, including breast cancer." | ( An, X; Bhutia, YD; Chen, H; Chen, R; Chen, Z; Chu, M; Ganapathy, V; Huang, H; Kim, K; Kou, L; Sun, M; Xia, X; Yao, Q; Zhang, H, 2022) |
| "Advanced Parkinson's disease is characterized by motor and non-motor fluctuations to oral dopamine replacement therapy." | ( Arlt, C; Ebersbach, G; Eggert, K; Fritz, B; Möller, JC; Schwarz, J; Sensken, SC; Weiss, D, 2022) |
| "Two groups of patients with Parkinson's disease were included: 20 treated pharmacologically (PHT) and 20 newly qualified for STN-DBS (DBS) - with the first assessment prior to surgery, and the second 11 months after surgery on average." | ( Koziorowski, D; Marszalek, A; Migda, B; Samborska-Ćwik, J; Szlufik, S, 2022) |
| "Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) are known to be related to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus, modulating neuroinflammation offers a possible means of treating PD-associated pathologies." | ( Ahn, J; Chang, SC; Ha, NC; Hong, DG; Kim, J; Lee, H; Lee, J; Lee, M; Lee, S; Yang, S, 2022) |
| "The mainstay of Parkinson's disease treatment has centered around directly manipulating neural mechanisms to retain high dopamine levels, either by exogenous administration, increasing intrinsic production, or inhibiting the breakdown of dopamine." | ( Arshad, AR; Eqbal, F; Ijaz, F; Imran, L; Jawed, A; Khan, Z; Naeem, U, 2022) |
| "Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) could significantly improve outcomes for patients and future disease-modifying treatments." | ( Feng, T; Gao, L; Liu, G; Yu, Z; Zheng, Y, 2022) |
| "Prior work on patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) has shown that the administration of dopaminergic medication in the early to intermediate stages of PD benefits (motor) functions associated with the dopamine-depleted dorsal striatal circuitry but may 'overdose' and interfere with (cognitive) functions associated with the relatively intact ventral striatal circuitry." | ( Abrahamse, EL; Notebaert, W; Ruitenberg, MFL; Santens, P, 2023) |
| "The treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still symptomatic since disease-modifying treatments for PD are not available." | ( Ellmén, J; Kuoppamäki, M; Rouru, J; Sjöstedt, N; Tuunainen, J; Vahteristo, M; Yliperttula, M, 2023) |
| "The underlying causes of Parkinson's disease are complex, and besides recent advances in elucidating relevant disease mechanisms, no disease-modifying treatments are currently available." | ( Brüggemann, N; Kunert, L; Pizarro-Galleguillos, BM; Prasuhn, J, 2022) |
| "The underlying causes of Parkinson's disease are complex, and besides recent advances in elucidating relevant disease mechanisms, no disease-modifying treatments are currently available." | ( Brüggemann, N; Kunert, L; Pizarro-Galleguillos, BM; Prasuhn, J, 2022) |
| "The underlying causes of Parkinson's disease are complex, and besides recent advances in elucidating relevant disease mechanisms, no disease-modifying treatments are currently available." | ( Brüggemann, N; Kunert, L; Pizarro-Galleguillos, BM; Prasuhn, J, 2022) |
| "In participants with early Parkinson's disease who had never received levodopa and in whom treatment with dopaminergic medications was not planned, deferiprone was associated with worse scores in measures of parkinsonism than those with placebo over a period of 36 weeks." | ( Ayton, S; Behnke, S; Berg, D; Bloem, BR; Bordet, R; Bush, AI; Cabantchik, I; Carpentier, J; Chupin, M; Coelho, MVS; Compta, Y; Corvol, JC; de Bie, RMA; Defebvre, L; Deplanque, D; Devedjian, JC; Devos, D; Dexter, DT; Dodel, R; Duce, JA; Duhamel, A; Dušek, P; Eusebio, A; Ferreira, J; Fradette, C; Gago, M; Garçon, G; Guyon Delannoy, P; Habert, MO; Januario, C; Kuchcinski, G; Kulisevsky, J; Labreuche, J; Leclercq, C; Lehericy, S; Lopes, R; Maetzler, W; Mangin, JF; Marques, AR; Meissner, WG; Moreau, C; Nyholm, D; Ory-Magne, F; Otto, M; Ouk, T; Pavese, N; Pigny, P; Poewe, W; Post, B; Potey, C; Pruvo, JP; Rascol, O; Rolland, AS; Růžička, E; Scherfler, C; Seppi, K; Simonin, O; Spino, M; Thobois, S; Tranchant, C; Tricta, F; Viard, R; Vilas, D; Walter, U; Worth, P, 2022) |
| "In participants with early Parkinson's disease who had never received levodopa and in whom treatment with dopaminergic medications was not planned, deferiprone was associated with worse scores in measures of parkinsonism than those with placebo over a period of 36 weeks." | ( Ayton, S; Behnke, S; Berg, D; Bloem, BR; Bordet, R; Bush, AI; Cabantchik, I; Carpentier, J; Chupin, M; Coelho, MVS; Compta, Y; Corvol, JC; de Bie, RMA; Defebvre, L; Deplanque, D; Devedjian, JC; Devos, D; Dexter, DT; Dodel, R; Duce, JA; Duhamel, A; Dušek, P; Eusebio, A; Ferreira, J; Fradette, C; Gago, M; Garçon, G; Guyon Delannoy, P; Habert, MO; Januario, C; Kuchcinski, G; Kulisevsky, J; Labreuche, J; Leclercq, C; Lehericy, S; Lopes, R; Maetzler, W; Mangin, JF; Marques, AR; Meissner, WG; Moreau, C; Nyholm, D; Ory-Magne, F; Otto, M; Ouk, T; Pavese, N; Pigny, P; Poewe, W; Post, B; Potey, C; Pruvo, JP; Rascol, O; Rolland, AS; Růžička, E; Scherfler, C; Seppi, K; Simonin, O; Spino, M; Thobois, S; Tranchant, C; Tricta, F; Viard, R; Vilas, D; Walter, U; Worth, P, 2022) |
| "The most commonly used treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is levodopa, prescribed in conjunction with carbidopa." | ( Ko, HS; Kwatra, M; Kwon, DK; Wang, J, 2022) |
| "The most commonly used treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is levodopa, prescribed in conjunction with carbidopa." | ( Ko, HS; Kwatra, M; Kwon, DK; Wang, J, 2022) |
| "Immunotherapy in experimental Parkinson's disease (PD) has been shown to be consistently effective in preclinical models, yet the initial clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) yielded marginal results if any." | ( Benaim, C; Fassler, M; George, J, 2022) |
| "Immunotherapy in experimental Parkinson's disease (PD) has been shown to be consistently effective in preclinical models, yet the initial clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) yielded marginal results if any." | ( Benaim, C; Fassler, M; George, J, 2022) |
| "To compare the groups of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients who were administered amantadine chronically and those who did not take this medication in the context of the incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection." | ( Dulski, J; Kasprzak, J; Koziorowski, D; Kwaśniak-Butowska, M; Przytuła, F; Roszmann, A; Schinwelski, M; Śmiłowska, K; Sołtan, W; Sławek, J, 2023) |
| "To compare the groups of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients who were administered amantadine chronically and those who did not take this medication in the context of the incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection." | ( Dulski, J; Kasprzak, J; Koziorowski, D; Kwaśniak-Butowska, M; Przytuła, F; Roszmann, A; Schinwelski, M; Śmiłowska, K; Sołtan, W; Sławek, J, 2023) |
| "With Parkinson's disease, a total of 70 patients were included in the case-control research which indicates that the newly diagnosed patients are not receiving any treatment at the department of neurology." | ( Majdal, H; Natheer, M; Taher, Y, 2022) |
| "Patients with Parkinson's disease, restless legs syndrome and other conditions potentially treated with dopamine agonists, as well as patients treated for psychotic disorders, are vulnerable patient groups with theoretically increased risk of developing gambling disorder (GD), for example due to higher rates of mental ill-health in these groups." | ( Håkansson, A; Wolfschlag, M, 2023) |
| "The pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) tremor remains incompletely understood and there is a lack of clinical trials specifically addressing its pharmacological treatment." | ( Hallett, M; Katzenschlager, R; Pirker, W; Poewe, W, 2023) |
| "Levodopa treatment of Parkinson's disease tends to further elevate circulating homocysteine levels due to the metabolism of levodopa via catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)." | ( Ahlskog, JE, 2023) |
| "The early detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) can significantly improve treatment and quality of life in patients." | ( Badillo-Ramírez, I; Cialla-May, D; Landeros-Rivera, B; Popp, J; Saniger, JM, 2023) |
| "Timely referral of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients to specialized centers for treatment with device-aided therapies (DAT) is suboptimal." | ( Buskens, E; Lunter, G; Moes, HR; Mondria, T; Portman, AT; Ten Kate, JM; van Harten, B; van Kesteren, ME; van Laar, T, 2023) |
| "Multiplexed detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) biomarkers is of great significance for early diagnosis and personalized treatment." | ( Cao, X; Chen, M; Ge, S; Mao, H; Wang, Y, 2023) |
| "L-DOPA is the standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), but chronic treatment typically leads to L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID)." | ( Bishop, C; Centner, A; Conti Mazza, MM; Werner, DF, 2023) |
| "Methods: To create a cell model of Parkinson's disease, MPTP (2500 μmol/L) was administered to rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12) to produce an MPTP group." | ( Liang, L; Liao, C; Meng, F; Qiu, H; Wu, L; Yao, Y; Zheng, W, 2023) |
| "Rasagiline is indicated for treating idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) as monotherapy and adjunct therapy to levodopa in patients." | ( Cao, S; Chen, H; Hu, X; Liang, Z; Liu, Z; Mao, W; Shao, M; Song, Z; Su, W; Tang, B; Wei, W; Wu, Y; Zhang, K, 2023) |
| "Many patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experiencing l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) receive adjunct treatment with dopamine agonists, whose functional impact on LID is unknown." | ( Cenci, MA; Espa, E; Grigoriou, S; Jakobsson, A; Odin, P; Timpka, J; von Grothusen, G, 2023) |
| "In rats with Parkinson's disease induced by rotenone, levels of malondialdehyde and TNF-α significantly increased and HVA levels decreased, whereas in mice treated with lacosamide, levels of malondialdehyde and TNF-α significantly decreased and HVA levels increased." | ( Bilal, B; Erbas, O; Erdogan, MA; Kirazlar, M; Yigitturk, G, 2023) |
| "Long-term use of levodopa for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment is often hindered by development of motor complications, including levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID)." | ( Alberico, SL; Ding, Y; Hu, Y; Jin, L; Kang, UJ; Ma, TC, 2023) |
| "In the advanced Parkinson's disease, motor and non-motor symptoms become more severe and more difficult to treat." | ( Bar, MR; Borovečki, F; Katzenschlager, R; Kovacs, N; LeWitt, PA; Perković, R, 2023) |
| "However, THA was difficult owing to Parkinson's disease and its treatment side effects, such as wearing-off, dyskinesia, and freezing of the gait, Thus, LCIG was initiated, and improvement in wearing-off and dyskinesia was observed." | ( Horiba, M; Imamura, A; Kuroyanagi, G; Matsukawa, N; Murakami, H; Sakai, H; Sato, T; Takahashi, A; Ueki, Y; Usami, T, 2023) |
| "Dopaminergic therapy for Parkinson's disease has revolutionised the treatment of the motor symptoms of the illness." | ( Jenner, P; Kanda, T; Mori, A, 2023) |
| "In patients with Parkinson's disease who are in the middle and late stages of the disease, the administration of Resagiline combined with levodopa and benserazide hydrochloride can significantly lower the body's serum Hcy level, significantly raise IGF-1 levels, and significantly improve motor function in patients with Parkinson's disease." | ( Gao, F; Gao, L; Miao, J; Yang, Y, 2023) |
| "Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) are common, difficult to treat, and significantly impair quality of life." | ( Olsen, AL; Shen, M; Sodders, MJ, 2023) |
| "One of the treatment strategies for Parkinson's disease involves the use of drugs that aim to increase dopamine levels or simulate the action of dopamine in the brain." | ( Costa, EV; Costa, RA; Mary, YS; S Al-Otaibi, J; Tananta, VL, 2023) |
| "The gold-standard treatment for Parkinson's disease is levodopa (L-DOPA), which is taken orally and absorbed intestinally." | ( Appel-Cresswell, S; Cirstea, MS; Creus-Cuadros, A; Finlay, BB; Lo, C; Neilson, S; Serapio-Palacios, A; Yu, AC, 2023) |