xylitol profile

Xylitol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol found in many fruits and vegetables, such as berries, plums, and corn cobs. It is commonly produced commercially from birchwood, corn cobs, and other plant materials. It is about as sweet as sucrose (table sugar) but has fewer calories and does not raise blood glucose levels, making it a popular sugar substitute for people with diabetes. Xylitol is also used in chewing gum and other oral hygiene products as it has been shown to reduce the risk of cavities. While generally safe for human consumption, excessive consumption can lead to gastrointestinal upset. Xylitol is toxic to dogs and can cause severe liver damage. It is extensively studied due to its various applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and oral care products.'

xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Products

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	6912
CHEMBL ID	96783
CHEMBL ID	3137744
CHEMBL ID	1865120
CHEBI ID	17151
CHEBI ID	15963
SCHEMBL ID	4250
SCHEMBL ID	15318
SCHEMBL ID	1924966
MeSH ID	M0023075

Synonym
brn 1720524
einecs 207-685-7
nsc 16868
xylitab 300
xylo-pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol
ins-967
xylitol, d-
ins no.967
c-xylidex cr 16055
xylo-pentitol
kylit
e-967
e967
fluorette
xylitol cm 90
CHEMBL96783
CHEBI:17151 ,
xylit
meso-xylitol
l-xylitol
(2r,3s,4s)-pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol
CHEBI:15963 ,
(2r,3r,4s)-pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol
l-ribitol
nsc-25283
xylite (sugar)
xylite
nsc-16868
adonit
pentitol
adonite
d-xylitol
(2s,4r)-pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol
d-ribitol
ribitol (6ci,8ci,9ci)
1,2,3,4,5-pentanepentol
adonitol (7ci)
87-99-0
l-ribitol (incorrect)
meso-ribitol
XYLITOL ,
(2r,3r,4s)-pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol
adonitol ,
488-81-3
d-ribitol (incorrect)
C00379
ribitol ,
C00474
xylitol, analytical standard
xylitol, >=99%
NCGC00165982-01
DB01904
einecs 201-788-0
klinit
newtol
kannit
nsc 25283
eutrit
brn 1720523
xyliton
A-3000
X-7000
adonitol, >=99%
(2r,3s,4s)-pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol
5DCF4F57-E023-469A-B4F3-91E8349A6705
6684F574-C267-40CB-8828-12F2550E58D0
A0171
smr001562099
MLS002695898
BMSE000129
BMSE000062
X0018
A842433
NCGC00165982-02
rb0 ,
BMSE000886
QSPL 191
tox21_201056
cas-87-99-0
dtxcid5022514
NCGC00258609-01
dtxsid7042514 ,
S4546
unii-vcq006kq1e
ec 201-788-0
4-01-00-02832 (beilstein handbook reference)
vcq006kq1e ,
xylitol [inn:ban:jan:nf]
hsdb 7967
353zq9tvda ,
unii-353zq9tvda
xylitol [mi]
xylitol [who-dd]
xylitol [fcc]
xylitol [mart.]
xylitol [jan]
xylitol [usp-rs]
xylitol [ep impurity]
xylitol [vandf]
xylitol [ii]
xylitol [ep monograph]
xylitol [inci]
d-adonitol
EPITOPE ID:114703
EPITOPE ID:114702
AKOS015915193
AKOS015903403
S2612
adonitol [mi]
ribo-pentitol
CCG-214167
HY-N0538
SCHEMBL4250
SCHEMBL15318
CHEMBL3137744
SCHEMBL1924966
HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N
xylisorb
HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-NGQZWQHPSA-N
CHEMBL1865120
wurcs=2.0/1,1,0/[h212h]/1/
wurcs=2.0/1,1,0/[h222h]/1/
16277-71-7
mfcd00064292
mfcd00064291
adonitol, bioreagent, suitable for cell culture
adonitol, bioxtra, >=99.0% (hplc)
xylitol, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
xylitol c
wood sugar alcohol
xylitab 100
xylitab dc
xylisorb 700
xylisorb 300
Z1255486336
xylitol, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
xylitol, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
xylitol, vetec(tm) reagent grade, >=99%
xylitol, meso-xylitol, c-xylidex cr 16055, dl-xylitol, eutrit, fluorette, klinit, kylit, nsc 25283, wood sugar alcohol, x 0018, xylisorb, xylisorb 300, xylisorb 700, xylit, xylit xc, xylitab 100, xylitab 300, xylitab dc, xylite, xylite (sugar), xylitol c,
CS-6043
HY-100582
87849-01-2
SW220290-1
Q416534
ribitol (adonitol)
DB11195
adonito
DB14704
DS-11416
xylitol,(s)
Q212093
xylooligosaccharide
CCG-266218
adonitol;adonite
dl-arabinit
AS-55964
NCGC00390798-01
EN300-7377714
2,3-dihydro acrivastine
2,3-dihydroacrivastine
DTXSID601032335
EN300-7424092

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Xylitol is a widely used natural sweetener for the reduction of excessive sugar consumption. "	( Influences of Xylitol Consumption at Different Dosages on Intestinal Tissues and Gut Microbiota in Rats. Cai, X; Chen, DS; Chen, KQ; Han, FF; Li, M; Liu, ZQ; Zheng, XY; Zhu, X; Zuo, QL, 2021)	2.42
"Xylitol is a top platform chemical with applications in food and pharmaceutical industries."	( High level xylitol production by Pichia fermentans using non-detoxified xylose-rich sugarcane bagasse and olive pits hydrolysates. Castro, E; Coulon, F; Durgapal, S; Jacob, S; Kishore Pant, K; Kumar Awasthi, M; Kumar, D; Kumar, V; Narisetty, V; Parameswaran, B, 2021)	1.73
"Xylitol is a salutary sugar substitute that has been widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. "	( Intelligent self-control of carbon metabolic flux in SecY-engineered Escherichia coli for xylitol biosynthesis from xylose-glucose mixtures. Deng, L; Fan, LH; Gao, XQ; Guo, Q; Liu, CY; Ullah, I; Zheng, HD; Zheng, LJ, 2022)	2.39
"Xylitol is a valuable pentose sugar alcohol, used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. "	( Activation of cryptic xylose metabolism by a transcriptional activator Znf1 boosts up xylitol production in the engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking xylose suppressor BUD21 gene. Butkinaree, C; Intasit, R; Ratanakhanokchai, K; Songdech, P; Soontorngun, N; Yingchutrakul, Y, 2022)	2.39
"Xylitol is a well-known sugar alcohol with exponentially rising market demand due to its diverse industrial applications. "	( Xylitol production by Pseudomonas gessardii VXlt-16 from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate and cost analysis. Ahuja, V; Bhatt, AK; Mehta, S; Rathour, RK; Sharma, V, 2022)	3.61
"Xylitol is an artificial sweetener which cannot be metabolized by bacteria."	( Estimating the effectiveness of lollipops containing xylitol and erythritol on salivary pH in 3-6 years olds: A randomized controlled trial. Jain, S; Mathur, S, )	1.1
"Xylitol is a hygroscopic compound known to protect nasal cavity against bacteria. "	( Evaluation of inhalation toxicology after a 90-day xylitol aerosol exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats. Chen, H; Feng, P; Fu, Y; Han, S; Hou, H; Hu, Q; Li, X; Liu, T; Lu, F; Ma, S; Tang, J; Tian, Y; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, W; Wu, J, 2022)	2.42
"Xylitol is a functional sugar alcohol, which has been reported to regulate glucose metabolism."	( Dietary Xylitol Supplement Ameliorated AD-related Neuronal Injury by Regulating Glucose Metabolism Relevant Amino Acids in Mice. Ge, Z; Ji, X; Jin, M; Shou, Y; Wang, H; Zhu, X, 2023)	2.07
"Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol that has a variety of uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries. "	( Exploiting the NADPH pool for xylitol production using recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lali, AM; Reshamwala, SMS, 2020)	2.29
"Xylitol is a high-value low-calorie sweetener used as sugar substitute in food and pharmaceutical industry. "	( Characterisation of a catalytic triad and reaction selectivity in the dual mechanism of the catalyse hydride transfer in xylitol phosphate dehydrogenase. Razali, SA; Shamsir, MS, 2020)	2.21
"Xylitol is an approved food additive that is widely used as a sweetener in many manufactured products. "	( Secondary oxalosis induced by xylitol concurrent with lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: a case report. Daimon, M; Ishigame, N; Kamba, A; Mizushiri, S; Nakamura, K; Takayasu, S; Terui, K; Tomita, T; Watanuki, Y; Yasui-Furukori, N; Yoshida, K, 2020)	2.29
"Xylitol is a commercially important chemical with multiple applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. "	( Biovalorisation of crude glycerol and xylose into xylitol by oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Agrawal, D; Coulon, F; Kumar, V; Ledesma-Amaro, R; Leeke, GA; Medina, A; Prabhu, AA; Thomas, DJ; Verheecke-Vaessen, C, 2020)	2.25
"Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is commonly used as a sweetener."	( Health benefits of xylitol. Adamiv, S; Arshad, M; Bjørklund, G; Gasmi Benahmed, A; Gasmi, A; Lysiuk, R; Peana, M; Pshyk-Titko, I; Shanaida, M; Shanaida, Y, 2020)	1.61
"Xylitol accumulation is a major barrier for efficient ethanol production through heterologous xylose reductase-xylitol dehydrogenase (XR-XDH) pathway in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. "	( Different transcriptional responses of haploid and diploid S. cerevisiae strains to changes in cofactor preference of XR. Gou, M; Song, QR; Tang, YQ; Xia, ZY; Xie, CY; Yang, BX, 2020)	2
"Xylitol is a widely marketed sweetener with good functionality and health-promoting properties. "	( Optimization of xylitol production from xylose by a novel arabitol limited co-producing Kennedy, GJ; Saha, BC, 2021)	2.41
"Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol that has numerous beneficial health properties. "	( Production of bio-xylitol from D-xylose by an engineered Pichia pastoris expressing a recombinant xylose reductase did not require any auxiliary substrate as electron donor. Arnold, M; Das, S; DenHartog, S; Gopishetty, S; Louie, K; Louie, TM; Subramanian, M, 2021)	2.4
"Xylitol is a well-known inhibitor of GI."	( Crystal structure of glucose isomerase in complex with xylitol inhibitor in one metal binding mode. Bae, JE; Kim, IJ; Nam, KH, 2017)	1.42
"Xylitol is an important functional sugar alcohol which is widely used in industries. "	( Efficient Biosynthesis of Xylitol from Xylose by Coexpression of Xylose Reductase and Glucose Dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli. Jin, LQ; Liu, ZQ; Xu, W; Yang, B; Zheng, YG, 2019)	2.26
"Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is used as a sweetener in food and confections. "	( Atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis enables xylitol over-production with yeast Candida tropicalis. Dai, Y; Mu, W; Qin, J; Zhang, C; Zhang, T, 2019)	2.19
"Xylitol is a building block for a variety of chemical commodities, besides being widely used as a sugar substitute in the food and pharmaceutical industries. "	( Xylitol production on sugarcane biomass hydrolysate by newly identified Candida tropicalis JA2 strain. Almeida, JRM; Gonçalves, SB; Morais Junior, WG; Pacheco, TF; Trichez, D, 2019)	3.4
"Xylitol is a valuable substance utilized by food and biochemical industries. "	( Overexpression of Endogenous Xylose Reductase Enhanced Xylitol Productivity at 40 °C by Thermotolerant Yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Ha, SJ; Kim, JS; Kweon, DH; Park, JB; Seo, JH, 2019)	2.2
"Xylitol is a five-carbon polyol of economic interest that can be produced by microbial xylose reduction from renewable resources. "	( Physiological and comparative genomic analysis of new isolated yeasts Spathaspora sp. JA1 and Meyerozyma caribbica JA9 reveal insights into xylitol production. Almeida, JRM; Formighieri, EF; Soares, CEVF; Steindorff, AS; Trichez, D, 2019)	2.16
"Xylitol is a natural five-carbon sugar alcohol with potential for use in food and pharmaceutical industries owing to its insulin-independent metabolic regulation, tooth rehardening, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory, as well as osteoporosis and ear infections preventing activities. "	( Biosynthetic strategies to produce xylitol: an economical venture. Bilal, M; Cheng, H; Chi, P; Xu, Y, 2019)	2.23
"Xylitol is a 5-carbon sugar that can lower the airway surface salt concentration and augment innate immunity."	( Randomized controlled study of aerosolized hypertonic xylitol versus hypertonic saline in hospitalized patients with pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis. Cavanaugh, JE; Durairaj, L; Fedler, J; Horan, R; Hornick, D; Launspach, JL; Nelson, G; Santacroce, TR; Singh, S; Starner, TD; Teresi, ME; Zabner, J, 2020)	1.53
"Xylitol is a 5-carbon sugar alcohol and is an artificial sweetener that has been used in chewing gums to prevent tooth decay."	( Xylitol inhibits in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis by suppressing the NF-κB and Akt signaling pathways. Kim, YJ; Yi, EY, 2013)	2.55
"Xylitol is a prevalent sugar substitute found in a wide variety of foods, particularly those labeled as "low carb." It is found in many medicines and dental products both for its antibacterial activity and to increase palatability. "	( Xylitol. Peterson, ME, 2013)	3.28
"Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol with potential for use as a sweetener. "	( Metabolic engineering strategies for improving xylitol production from hemicellulosic sugars. Lin, J; Su, B; Wu, M; Yang, L, 2013)	2.09
"Xylitol is a safe all-natural sweetener which helps to reduce tooth decay. "	( Comparative evaluation of the effects of xylitol and sugar-free chewing gums on salivary and dental plaque pH in children. Indushekar, KR; Kumar, S; Sogi, SH, )	1.84
"Xylitol is a reduced sugar with anticariogenic properties used by insulin-dependent diabetics, and which has attracted great attention of the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, food and dental industries. "	( Electrochemical oxidation and electroanalytical determination of xylitol at a boron-doped diamond electrode. Araújo, MC; Bichinho, KM; Costa, DJ; Lourenço, AS; Magalhães, RR; Ribeiro, WF; Salazar-Banda, GR; Sanches, FA, 2014)	2.08
"Xylitol is a well-known anticaries agent and has been used for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. "	( Xylitol, an anticaries agent, exhibits potent inhibition of inflammatory responses in human THP-1-derived macrophages infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Cha, S; Chung, J; Kim, SM; Na, HS; Park, E; Wallet, S, 2014)	3.29
"Xylitol is a pentahydroxy sugar-alcohol which exists in a very low quantity in fruits and vegetables (plums, strawberries, cauliflower, and pumpkin). "	( Xylitol: a review on bioproduction, application, health benefits, and related safety issues. Jamil, A; Murtaza, MA; Mushtaq, Z; Ur-Rehman, S; Zahoor, T, 2015)	3.3
"Xylitol is a polyol derived from the hydrogenation of xylose monosaccharide of importance in the pharmaceutical industry for its anti-cariogenic effect."	( [Bacteriostatic effect and/or xylitol bactericide of crops on Listeria Monocytogenes]. Morón de Salim, AR; Ramírez Mérida, LG, 2013)	1.4
"Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol. "	( Xylitol and its usage in ENT practice. Cingi, C; Güvenç, IA; Sakallioğlu, Ö, 2014)	3.29
"Xylitol is a material that shows potential for use as a filler due to its high solubility and potential to inhibit biofilm formation."	( The influence of low concentrations of a water soluble poragen on the material properties, antibiotic release, and biofilm inhibition of an acrylic bone cement. Ploeg, HL; Rose, WE; Slane, JA; Squire, MW; Vivanco, JF, 2014)	1.12
"Xylitol is an important polyalcohol suitable for use in odontological, medical and pharmaceutical products and as an additive in food. "	( By passing microbial resistance: xylitol controls microorganisms growth by means of its anti-adherence property. da Silva, SS; Ferreira, AS; Raposo, NR; Silva-Paes-Leme, AF, 2015)	2.14
"Xylitol is a widely used anti-caries agent that has anti-inflammatory effects. "	( Xylitol induces cell death in lung cancer A549 cells by autophagy. Chung, J; Na, HS; Park, E; Park, MH, 2015)	3.3
"Xylitol is a pentahydroxy sugar alcohol coming from xylose with many applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a low caloric sweetener suitable for diabetics and as an active ingredient in several biomedical applications. "	( Xylitol production in immobilized cultures: a recent review. Domínguez, JM; Mussatto, SI; Pérez-Bibbins, B; Salgado, JM; Torrado-Agrasar, A, 2016)	3.32
"Xylitol is an antibiofilm agent that has been shown to inhibit the biofilm formation."	( Development of biofilm-targeted antimicrobial wound dressing for the treatment of chronic wound infections. Leow, HL; Ng, SF, 2015)	1.14
"Xylitol is a natural sugar, and the antimicrobial properties of xylitol-derived compounds have already been described in the literature."	( Preliminary safety assessment of C-8 xylitol monoester and xylitol phosphate esters. Assanome, KM; Cesar, CK; Dieamant, G; Eberlin, S; Nogueira, C; Pereda, MC; Queiroz, ML; Silva, MS; Silveira, JE; Torello, CO, 2016)	1.43
"Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol produced from natural resources frequently used as a sugar substitute for humans. "	( Acute Hepatic Failure in a Dog after Xylitol Ingestion. Hovda, LR; Schmid, RD, 2016)	2.15
"Xylitol/selenite is a promising anti-cancer drug to induce apoptosis in SMMC-7221 cells. "	( Determination of glutathione in apoptotic SMMC-7221 cells induced by xylitol selenite using capillary electrophoresis. Cao, Y; Deng, X; Lei, M; Liu, K; Liu, Y; Qi, C; Wu, X; Xiong, G; Yang, J; Yao, H; Zahid, KR; Zhang, J, 2016)	2.11
"20% xylitol varnish seem to be a promising alternative to increase surface and subsurface remineralization of artificial caries lesions in situ."	( Effect of xylitol varnishes on remineralization of artificial enamel caries lesions in situ. Bastos, JR; Buzalaf, MA; Caldana, ML; Cardoso, CA; Cassiano, LP; Costa, EN; Grizzo, LT; Magalhães, AC; Souza-E-Silva, CM, 2016)	1.39
"Xylitol is a well-known sugar substitute and its effect against bacteria in the oral cavity is well known."	( Ameliorating Effect of Dietary Xylitol on Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) Infection. Kim, HJ; Wi, GR; Xu, ML, 2016)	1.44
"Xylitol is a non-fermentable sugar alcohol used as sweetener. "	( Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for xylitol production from lignocellulosic pentose sugars. Dhar, KS; Nampoothiri, KM; Wendisch, VF, 2016)	2.14
"Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that inhibits the growth and adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. "	( Xylitol and capsular gene expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Kaijalainen, T; Kurola, P; Saukkoriipi, A; Tapiainen, T; Uhari, M, 2009)	3.24
"Xylitol thus appears to be a good option to partially reduce enamel erosion."	( Effects of experimental xylitol varnishes and solutions on bovine enamel erosion in vitro. Buzalaf, MA; Machado, MA; Magalhães, AC; Pereira, AF; Rios, D; Rochel, ID; Silva, TC; Souza, JG, 2010)	1.39
"Xylitol is a natural sugar derived from plants, fruits and vegetables, whose antimicrobial properties are described in the literature. "	( Evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness of C-8 xylitol monoester as an alternative preservative for cosmetic products. Amaral, LF; Camilo, NS; Levy, CE; Mazzola, PG; Moriel, P; Pereda, MD, 2011)	2.07
"Xylitol in water is a well-tolerated agent for sinonasal irrigation. "	( Xylitol nasal irrigation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: a pilot study. Fernandez, F; Hwang, PH; Weissman, JD, 2011)	3.25
"Xylitol is a safe dental caries preventive when incorporated into chewing gum or confections used habitually. "	( Clinical evidence for polyol efficacy. Chi, DL; Milgrom, P; Nakai, Y; Nelson, S; Söderling, EM, 2012)	1.82
"Xylitol is a safer alternative for diabetics because of insulin-independent metabolism."	( Crystalline xylitol production by a novel yeast, Pichia caribbica (HQ222812), and its application for quorum sensing inhibition in gram-negative marker strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. Joshi-Navare, K; Mukherji, R; Prabhune, A, 2013)	1.49
"Xylitol is a naturally occurring, low-calorie sugar substitute with anticariogenic properties."	( Xylitol and dental caries: an overview for clinicians. Lynch, H; Milgrom, P, 2003)	2.48
"Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol that is often used for treatment of ketosis in dairy cattle in Japan. "	( The intravenous xylitol tolerance test in non-lactating cattle. Fukuda, H; Hirose, H; Koyama, H; Mizutani, H; Sako, T; Toyoda, Y; Urumuhang, N, 2003)	2.11
"Xylitol is a sugar substitute not well known in the United States. "	( Army's "look for xylitol first" program. Chaffin, J; Richter, P, )	1.91
"Xylitol is a sugar alcohol which reduces the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the adherence of pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae to nasopharyngeal cells. "	( Ultrastructure of Streptococcus pneumoniae after exposure to xylitol. Ikäheimo, I; Kaijalainen, T; Kontiokari, T; Sormunen, R; Tapiainen, T; Uhari, M, 2004)	2.01
"Xylitol is a 5-carbon sugar that can lower the airway surface salt concentration, thus enhancing innate immunity. "	( Safety assessment of inhaled xylitol in mice and healthy volunteers. Businga, TR; Durairaj, L; Kline, JN; Launspach, J; Thorne, PS; Watt, JL; Zabner, J, 2004)	2.06
"Xylitol is a 5-carbon sugar that has the ability to lower ASL salt concentration, potentially enhancing innate immunity."	( Bronchoscopic assessment of airway retention time of aerosolized xylitol. Allaman, MM; Durairaj, L; Kearney, WR; Launspach, J; Neelakantan, S; Veng-Pedersen, P; Watt, JL; Zabner, J, 2006)	1.29
"Xylitol is a 5-carbon sugar that can lower the airway surface salt concentration, thus enhancing innate immunity. "	( Safety assessment of inhaled xylitol in subjects with cystic fibrosis. Durairaj, L; Kline, J; Launspach, J; Mohamad, Z; Watt, JL; Zabner, J, 2007)	2.07
"Xylitol is a valuable sweetener produced from xylose-rich biomass. "	( Release of D-xylose from wheat straw by acid and xylanase hydrolysis and purification of xylitol. Bian, Y; Liavoga, AB; Seib, PA, 2007)	2
"Xylitol is a sugar alcohol being explored for clinical uses. "	( Leishmania amazonensis: xylitol as inhibitor of macrophage infection and stimulator of macrophage nitric oxide production. Barbosa, NR; da Silva, SS; de Souza, MA; Ferreira, AS, 2008)	2.1
"Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol with established commercial use as an alternative sweetener and can be produced from hemicellulose hydrolysate. "	( Effect of furfural, vanillin and syringaldehyde on Candida guilliermondii growth and xylitol biosynthesis. Barnhart, C; Jones, O; Kelly, C; Lajoie, C, 2008)	2.01
"Xylitol is a sweetener with important technological properties like anticariogenicity, low caloric value, and negative dissolution heat. "	( Factors that affect the biosynthesis of xylitol by xylose-fermenting yeasts. A review. Felipe, MG; Mancilha, IM; Silva, SS, 1998)	2.01
"Xylitol is a naturally occurring sweetener. "	( Briefing paper: xylitol, caries and plaque. Levine, RS, 1998)	2.09
"Xylitol is a sugar alcohol (polyhydric alcohol) of the pentitol type."	( Can the pentitol-hexitol theory explain the clinical observations made with xylitol? Mäkinen, KK, 2000)	1.26
"Xylitol is a polyol sugar alcohol and is referred to as birch sugar, because it can be produced from birch. "	( Xylitol in preventing acute otitis media. Kontiokari, T; Tapiainen, T; Uhari, M, 2000)	3.19

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Xylitol has a wide range of applications in the pharmaceuticals, cosmetic, food and beverage industry. "	( Development of engineered Candida tropicalis strain for efficient corncob-based xylitol-ethanol biorefinery. Deeba, F; Gaur, NA; Kumar, M; Kumari, S; Paul, T; Singh, AK; Wani, SA, 2023)	2.58
"Xylitol has a clear inhibitory effect on the formation of the experimental biofilms. "	( Effect of xylitol on an in vitro model of oral biofilm. Badet, C; Furiga, A; Thébaud, N, 2008)	2.19
"Xylitol has been reported as a potential antidiabetic sweetener in various studies."	( Xylitol improves antioxidant, purinergic and cholinergic dysfunction, and lipid metabolic homeostasis in hepatic injury in type 2 diabetic rats. Erukainure, OL; Islam, MS; Msomi, NZ; Olofinsan, KA; Salau, VF, 2022)	2.89
"Xylitol has a wide range of applications in the pharmaceuticals, cosmetic, food and beverage industry. "	( Development of engineered Candida tropicalis strain for efficient corncob-based xylitol-ethanol biorefinery. Deeba, F; Gaur, NA; Kumar, M; Kumari, S; Paul, T; Singh, AK; Wani, SA, 2023)	2.58
"Xylitol has never been tested in this regard."	( Evaluation of the effectiveness of sucrose versus xylitol application in minimizing pain related to dental injection in 5-7-year-old children - A randomized controlled pilot study. Haradwala, Z; Joshi, A; Manoj, R; Naik, SS; Ratnaparkhi, I; Winnier, JJ, )	1.11
"Xylitol has been widely documented to have dental health benefits, such as reducing the risk for dental caries. "	( Xylitol's Health Benefits beyond Dental Health: A Comprehensive Review. Lehtinen, MJ; Ouwehand, AC; Salli, K; Tiihonen, K, 2019)	3.4
"The xylitol gum has shown a maximum benefit against salivary S."	( Effectiveness of xylitol and polyol chewing gum on salivary streptococcus mutans in children: A randomized controlled trial. Aluckal, E; Ankola, AV, )	0.95
"Xylitol has been also known to inhibit inflammatory cytokine expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)."	( Xylitol inhibits in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis by suppressing the NF-κB and Akt signaling pathways. Kim, YJ; Yi, EY, 2013)	2.55
"Xylitol has been approved for parenteral nutrition and may be beneficial in catabolic situations. "	( Assessment of xylitol serum levels during the course of parenteral nutrition including xylitol in intensive care patients: a case control study. Hadem, J; Luettig, B; Markowski, A; Momma, M; Schettler, A; Schneider, AS; Seipt, C; Wilhelmi, M, 2014)	2.21
"Xylitol has been used as a substitute for sugar to prevent cavity-causing bacteria, and most studies have focused on its benefits in dental care. "	( Protective effect of dietary xylitol on influenza A virus infection. Kim, HJ; Yin, SY, 2014)	2.14
"Xylitol has application and potential for food and pharmaceutical industries."	( Xylitol: a review on bioproduction, application, health benefits, and related safety issues. Jamil, A; Murtaza, MA; Mushtaq, Z; Ur-Rehman, S; Zahoor, T, 2015)	2.58
"Xylitol has been reported as a potential antidiabetic sweetener in a number of recent studies; however, the most effective dietary dose and organ-specific effects are still unclear. "	( Xylitol improves pancreatic islets morphology to ameliorate type 2 diabetes in rats: a dose response study. Islam, MS; Rahman, MA, 2014)	3.29
"Xylitol has no antibacterial properties of its own; rather, it appears to enhance the body's own innate immunity. "	( Xylitol and its usage in ENT practice. Cingi, C; Güvenç, IA; Sakallioğlu, Ö, 2014)	3.29
"Xylitol has numerous applications in food and pharmaceutical industry, and it can be biosynthesized by microorganisms. "	( Enhanced xylitol production: Expression of xylitol dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter oxydans and mixed culture of resting cell. Guo, Q; Lin, J; Qi, XH; Qi, YL; Xu, H; Yun, JH; Zhu, JF, 2016)	2.29
"Xylitol has variable activity against biofilms and planktonic bacteria in vitro and may have therapeutic efficacy in the management of CRS."	( The in vitro effect of xylitol on chronic rhinosinusitis biofilms. Biswas, K; Douglas, R; Hardcastle, T; Jain, R; Lee, T; Radcliff, F, 2016)	2.19
"Xylitol has a clear inhibitory effect on the formation of the experimental biofilms. "	( Effect of xylitol on an in vitro model of oral biofilm. Badet, C; Furiga, A; Thébaud, N, 2008)	2.19
"Xylitol has been claimed to reduce mutans streptococci (MS) in dental plaque by energy-consuming futile metabolic cycles. "	( Effects of xylitol on survival of mutans streptococci in mixed-six-species in vitro biofilms modelling supragingival plaque. Arthur, RA; Giertsen, E; Guggenheim, B, 2011)	2.2
"Xylitol has been used as a reliable substitute for carbohydrate to inhibit the acid production of S."	( The cariogenic characters of xylitol-resistant and xylitol-sensitive Streptococcus mutans in biofilm formation with salivary bacteria. Choi, BK; Kim, YJ; Lee, SH, 2012)	1.39
"Xylitol has high commercial value, due to its sweetening and anticariogenic properties, as well as several clinical applications."	( Effect of acetic acid present in bagasse hydrolysate on the activities of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase in Candida guilliermondii. das Graças de Almeida Felipe, M; Lima, LH; Torres, FA; Vitolo, M, 2004)	1.26
"Xylitol has been shown to effect ASL ionic composition in vitro and to reduce nasal bacterial carriage, otitis media, and dental caries in vivo."	( Xylitol enhances bacterial killing in the rabbit maxillary sinus. Brown, CL; Cable, BB; Graham, SM; Ozer, EA; Taft, PJ; Zabner, J, 2004)	2.49
"Xylitol has global markets and, therefore, it represents an alternative to current dominant sweeteners."	( A rare sugar xylitol. Part I: the biochemistry and biosynthesis of xylitol. Granström, TB; Izumori, K; Leisola, M, 2007)	1.43
"Xylitol has antiadhesive effects on Streptococcus pneumoniae and inhibits its growth, and has also been found to be effective in preventing acute otitis media and has been used in intensive care as a valuable source of energy."	( Xylitol-supplemented nutrition enhances bacterial killing and prolongs survival of rats in experimental pneumococcal sepsis. Karttunen, R; Knuuttila, M; Kontiokari, T; Leinonen, M; Mattila, P; Renko, M; Svanberg, M; Tapiainen, T; Uhari, M; Valkonen, P, 2008)	3.23
"Xylitol has beneficial effects on both the oxidative killing of bacteria in neutrophilic leucocytes and on the survival of rats with experimental pneumococcal sepsis."	( Xylitol-supplemented nutrition enhances bacterial killing and prolongs survival of rats in experimental pneumococcal sepsis. Karttunen, R; Knuuttila, M; Kontiokari, T; Leinonen, M; Mattila, P; Renko, M; Svanberg, M; Tapiainen, T; Uhari, M; Valkonen, P, 2008)	3.23
"Xylitol has previously been shown to inhibit acid production in vitro when glucose is used as energy source, and the present studies were carried out to investigate whether this effect was valid in vivo. "	( Effect of xylitol on dental plaque in vivo during carbohydrate challenge. Rölla, G; Wåler, SM, 1983)	2.11
"Xylitol has been suggested as a potentially useful sweetener in the diabetic diet. "	( The effects of equal caloric amounts of xylitol, sucrose and starch on insulin requirements and blood glucose levels in insulin-dependent diabetics. Baessler, KH; Beyer, J; Cordes, U; Hassinger, W; Krause, U; Sauer, G, 1981)	1.97
"Xylitol has been reported as possibly being tumorigenic."	( Fructose, xylitol, and sorbitol. Crapo, P; Olefsky, JM, )	1.26
"Xylitol has been shown to reduce plaque acids, but its topical cariostatic effect has been equivocal. "	( Cariostatic effects of a xylitol/NaF dentifrice in vivo. Blake-Haskins, JC; Gaffar, A; Saunders, F; Schmidt, R; Simone, A; Sullivan, R, 1998)	2.05
"Xylitol has attracted much attention as an alternative sweetener. "	( Xylitol in caries prevention: what is the evidence for clinical efficacy? Fejerskov, OB; Scheie, AA, 1998)	3.19
"Xylitol has also been used as a sweetener in the diabetic diet and as a non- or anticariogenic agent."	( Can the pentitol-hexitol theory explain the clinical observations made with xylitol? Mäkinen, KK, 2000)	1.26
"Xylitol has attracted much attention because of its many applications in the food, medicine and chemical industries. "	( [Bioconversion of hemicellulose hydrolysates for xylitol production]. He, CX; Liang, XY; Tang, F; Zeng, JZ; Zhang, HR, 2000)	2
"Xylitol has been suggested as a more advantageous calory source for intravenous administration than glucose in certain clinical situation, but the general suitability of intravenous xylitol infusion has not been confirmed. "	( Increased serum concentrations of lactic, pyruvic and uric acid and bilibubin after postoperative xylitol infusion. Korttila, K; Mattila, MA, 1979)	1.92
"Xylitol has generally been considered non-cariogenic because of its non-fermentability by most important plaque microorganisms."	( [Chewing gum and dental health. Literature review]. Toors, FA, 1992)	1
"Xylitol has been used as a sweetener and as a sugar substitute in total parenteral nutrition."	( Monosaccharides in health and disease. Levine, R, 1986)	0.99

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Xylitol may enhance the adsorption of glycoproteins on the tooth surfaces and strengthen the acquired pellicle."	( Possible mechanisms for the cariostatic effect of xylitol. Mäkinen, KK, 1976)	1.23
"Xylitol is known to cause hepatic ATP catabolism by inducing the trapping of Pi in the form of glycerol 3-P as a consequence of an increase in the NADH:NAD+ ratio, resulting from the oxidation of xylitol to D-xylulose. "	( D-xylulose-induced depletion of ATP and Pi in isolated rat hepatocytes. Hers, HG; Van den Berghe, G; Vincent, MF, 1989)	1.72
"The xylitol-induced increase of Fe absorption may involve the following mechanism: the high intraluminal xylitol concentration of the xylitol-fed rats keeps Fe in the form of a soluble complex for a prolonged period of time, due to the slow absorption of xylitol."	( Duodenal xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) and ferroxidase activities in the rat in relation to the increased iron absorption caused by peroral xylitol. Hämäläinen, MM; Mäkinen, KK, 1985)	0.95

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Xylitol treatment in the form of chewing gum for mothers and tablets for children was consumed three times/day for three months."	( Effect of xylitol on dental caries and salivary Streptococcus mutans levels among a group of mother-child pairs. Alamoudi, NM; Almushayt, AS; Farsi, NM; Hanno, AG; Masoud, MI; Sabbagh, HJ, 2011)	1.49
"Xylitol-treated rats excreted more calcium and magnesium in urine than did the other rats, probably due to increased absorption of these minerals from the gut."	( Bone repair in calcium-deficient rats: comparison of xylitol+calcium carbonate with calcium carbonate, calcium lactate and calcium citrate on the repletion of calcium. Hämäläinen, MM, 1994)	1.26
"Xylitol treatment provoked an increase in oral glucose clearance, which was proportional to its concentration in the mouthrinse formula."	( Effects of xylitol, sorbitol and fluoride mouthrinses on glucose clearance in adolescents. Azcurra, AI; Battellino, LJ; Calamari, SE; Cattoni, ST; Colantonio, RG; Luna Maldonado, ER, 1997)	1.41
"The treatment (xylitol swabbing), which continued till the age of approximately 36 months (total duration 26-28 months), was carried out using cotton swabs or a children's toothbrush; the approximate daily xylitol usage was 13.5 mg per each deciduous tooth."	( Topical xylitol administration by parents for the promotion of oral health in infants: a caries prevention experiment at a Finnish Public Health Centre. Anttila, CH; Järvinen, KL; Luntamo, LM; Mäkinen, KK; Vahlberg, T, 2013)	1.16
"Pretreatment with xylitol inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta gene expression and protein synthesis."	( Xylitol inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression induced by lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Chung, J; Han, SJ; Jeong, SY; Lim, HS; Nam, YJ; Yang, KH, 2005)	2.09

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" With respect to sorbitol and xylitol, lactic acidosis was not considered a serious side effect until now."	( Possible side effects of glucose, fructose, sorbitol and xylitol in man. Förster, H, 1976)	0.79
"The hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen (APAP) overdose depends on metabolic activation to a toxic reactive metabolite via hepatic mixed function oxidase."	( Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: is there a role for prostaglandin synthesis? Ben-Zvi, Z; Danon, A; Katz, S; Weissman-Teitellman, B, 1990)	0.28
" Over the six-month observation period, the experimental tartar control and the marketed tartar control dentifrices were comparable on adverse event frequency, type or severity, and no subject discontinued treatment due to an oral soft tissue adverse event."	( Safety and efficacy of a novel tartar control dentifrice containing 3.3% pyrophosphate: a controlled six-month clinical trial. Fortna, RH; Gerlach, RW; Schulte, MC; Segreto, VA; Stevens, DP, 1998)	0.3
" The only adverse effect reported was stuffy nose by half of the subjects during the 10 ml xylitol exposure, which promptly resolved after exposure completion."	( Safety assessment of inhaled xylitol in mice and healthy volunteers. Businga, TR; Durairaj, L; Kline, JN; Launspach, J; Thorne, PS; Watt, JL; Zabner, J, 2004)	0.84
" No clinically significant adverse events were observed."	( Safety and effectiveness of topical dry mouth products containing olive oil, betaine, and xylitol in reducing xerostomia for polypharmacy-induced dry mouth. Kerr, AR; McCutcheon, JA; Ship, JA; Spivakovsky, S, 2007)	0.56
" The No Observed Effect Level was the high-exposure level and suggests that inhaled xylitol is safe for clinical administration."	( Safety assessment of nebulized xylitol in beagle dogs. Durairaj, L; March, TH; McCombie, BE; McDonald, JD; Reed, MD; Seilkop, SK; Sivillo, AE; Thorne, PS; Welsh, MJ; Zabner, J, 2012)	0.89
" At LC50, CINA was the most toxic (0."	( In vitro safety assessment of food ingredients in canine renal proximal tubule cells. Jeffery, B; Koči, J; Monteiro-Riviere, NA; Riviere, JE, 2015)	0.42
" Except for transient diarrhea or vomiting, no treatment-related adverse effects were noted."	( Repeated sub-chronic oral toxicity study of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) in dogs. Cho, S; Fang, C; Gao, Y; Han, R; Lee, AW; Li, C; Li, Y; Ma, Y; Wang, Y; Xiao, L, 2017)	0.46
"15 g/kg-BW in dogs can result in life-threatening hypoglycemia and acute liver failure, whereas erythritol is well-tolerated in dogs with reported No Adverse Effect Levels upwards of 5 g/kg-BW/day in repeat-dose studies."	( Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity studies of erythritol in Beagle dogs. Crincoli, CM; de Cock, P; Eapen, AK; Means, C; Pappas, C; Wismer, T, 2017)	0.46
" The important role of gut microbiota in the progression and treatment of CRC has led to many attempts of alleviating chemotherapy-induced adverse effects using microecologics."	( Effects of prebiotic supplement on gut microbiota, drug bioavailability, and adverse effects in patients with colorectal cancer at different primary tumor locations receiving chemotherapy: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Bao, C; Cao, H; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Fei, B; Gao, X; Li, Y; Liao, X; Mao, Y; Xu, J; Zhang, F; Zhao, W, 2023)	0.91
" The primary outcomes will be the differences in the mucosa microbiota composition at different tumor locations and differences in gut microbiota composition, adverse effects, and blood concentration of capecitabine posttreatment."	( Effects of prebiotic supplement on gut microbiota, drug bioavailability, and adverse effects in patients with colorectal cancer at different primary tumor locations receiving chemotherapy: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Bao, C; Cao, H; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Fei, B; Gao, X; Li, Y; Liao, X; Mao, Y; Xu, J; Zhang, F; Zhao, W, 2023)	0.91
"This study will reveal the potential benefits of prebiotic for improving the gut microbiota composition, alleviating the adverse effects, and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with CRC."	( Effects of prebiotic supplement on gut microbiota, drug bioavailability, and adverse effects in patients with colorectal cancer at different primary tumor locations receiving chemotherapy: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Bao, C; Cao, H; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Fei, B; Gao, X; Li, Y; Liao, X; Mao, Y; Xu, J; Zhang, F; Zhao, W, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The method is selective, and with the use of ED40 electrode, requires only nanomole amounts for the chromatographic step, thereby ensuring that free saccharide can be monitored accurately in the formulated Hib-CRM vaccine alone and when in combination with other vaccines."	( Quantitative determination of saccharide in Haemophilus influenzae type b glycoconjugate vaccines, alone and in combination with DPT, by use of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Averani, GG; Bardotti, AA; Constantino, PP; D'Ascenzi, SS; Guarnieri, VV; Ravenscroft, NN; Ricci, SS, 2000)	0.31
"With an epidemic increase in obesity combined with an ageing population, chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers and venous leg ulcers are an increasing clinical concern."	( Anti-biofilm efficacy of a lactoferrin/xylitol wound hydrogel used in combination with silver wound dressings. Ammons, MC; James, GA; Ward, LS, 2011)	0.64
"In the present work, the in vitro prebiotic activity of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) derived from corn cobs combined with Lactobacillus plantarum, a probiotic microorganism, was determined."	( Prebiotic Potential of Xylooligosaccharides Derived from Corn Cobs and Their In Vitro Antioxidant Activity When Combined with Lactobacillus. Li, L; Li, S; Luan, C; Yin, J; Yu, X; Zhang, J; Zhao, C, 2015)	0.42
"We investigated the potential of bacteriophages alone as well as in combination with xylitol for tackling mixed-species biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae."	( Disrupting the mixed-species biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO using bacteriophages alone or in combination with xylitol. Bansal, S; Chhibber, S; Kaur, S, 2015)	0.84

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Dietary complex carbohydrates of various type, including those rich in dietary fiber, which are the cell walls of fruits, vegetables, and cereals, may slow the rate of absorption of glucose from those diets and contribute to a lowering of the postprandial glucose peak."	( Monosaccharides in health and disease. Levine, R, 1986)	0.27
" These results suggest that dietary xylitol improves the bioavailability of calcium salts."	( Bone repair in calcium-deficient rats: comparison of xylitol+calcium carbonate with calcium carbonate, calcium lactate and calcium citrate on the repletion of calcium. Hämäläinen, MM, 1994)	0.81
" The beneficial effect observed in the T group compared with the C group was apparently mostly due to the administration mode via FAP, which could prolong the intra-oral bioavailability of the prophylactic preparation."	( Efficacy of a slow-release device containing fluoride, xylitol and sorbitol in preventing infant caries. Aaltonen, AS; Inkilä-Saari, I; Suhonen, JT; Tenovuo, J, 2000)	0.55
" These results appear reasonable, because xylitol is poorly absorbed from the small intestine, and the absorption rate is less than that of erythritol, while lactitol is not hydrolyzed."	( Threshold for transitory diarrhea induced by ingestion of xylitol and lactitol in young male and female adults. Nakamura, S; Oku, T, 2007)	0.85
" The water absorption rate of the tablets containing talc was much faster than that of the tablets containing other lubricants."	( Effect of the type of lubricant on the characteristics of orally disintegrating tablets manufactured using the phase transition of sugar alcohol. Kojima, M; Kuno, Y; Nakagami, H; Terada, K; Yonemochi, E, 2008)	0.35
"We have attempted to micronize drug particles with a particle size of less than 100 nm and maintain the particle size of their suspension to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs."	( Preparation of griseofulvin nanoparticle suspension by high-pressure homogenization and preservation of the suspension with saccharides and sugar alcohols. Arakawa, M; Kamiya, S; Kurita, T; Miyagishima, A, 2009)	0.35
" No significant difference in body weight gain or food intake was demonstrated between the two groups; the apparent iron absorption rate of the X group increased clearly compared with that of the C group."	( Acidic xylooligosaccharide preserves hepatic iron storage level in adult female rats fed a low-iron diet. Fukuda, T; Hamada, M; Kido, Y; Kobayashi, Y; Kuwahata, M; Ohbuchi, T; Wakasugi, E; Yasui, R; Yokoyama, M, 2011)	0.37
" Results provide a potential strategy to enhance the delivery and bioavailability of catechins in humans by modulating green tea formulation with vitamin C and xylitol."	( Green tea formulations with vitamin C and xylitol on enhanced intestinal transport of green tea catechins. Chung, JH; Chung, JO; Kim, S; Lee, SJ; Oh, YJ; Shim, SM, 2013)	0.85
" Overall, the present study demonstrates that direct alkaline treatment of sweet sorghum bagasse is useful to improve the bioavailability of MeGAXn for MR44-mediated conversion to U-XOS with average degrees of polymerization of 11-12, providing alternative resources with applications in nutrition and human and veterinary medicine."	( Optimization of alkaline extraction of hemicellulose from sweet sorghum bagasse and its direct application for the production of acidic xylooligosaccharides by Bacillus subtilis strain MR44. Chen, H; Wei, L; Wu, Y; Yan, T; Zhang, B, 2018)	0.48
"1-1 μm) has been identified by the pharmaceutical industry as a key technology to enhance the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs."	( Melt milling as manufacturing method for solid crystalline suspensions. da Igreja, P; Erve, A; Thommes, M, 2021)	0.62
" This poor water solubility greatly limits the bioavailability of ibuprofen."	( Xylitol as a Hydrophilization Moiety for a Biocatalytically Synthesized Ibuprofen Prodrug. Costa, S; Cristofori, V; Lampronti, I; Summa, D; Tamburini, E; Trapella, C; Tupini, C; Zappaterra, F, 2022)	2.16
"Finding functional preparations that could improve the bioavailability of calcium is one of the keys to solving calcium deficiency."	( Glycosylated peptide-calcium chelate: Characterization, calcium absorption promotion and prebiotic effect. Cai, X; Wang, F; Wang, S; Wu, X, 2023)	0.91
" This study aims to explore the differences in tumor microbiota and examine the effectiveness of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on gut microbiota, adverse effects, and bioavailability of chemotherapy drugs in CRC patients at different primary tumor locations."	( Effects of prebiotic supplement on gut microbiota, drug bioavailability, and adverse effects in patients with colorectal cancer at different primary tumor locations receiving chemotherapy: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Bao, C; Cao, H; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Fei, B; Gao, X; Li, Y; Liao, X; Mao, Y; Xu, J; Zhang, F; Zhao, W, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" It is concluded that the metabolic studies indicate the relative safety of perorally administered xylitol at the present dosage levels."	( [Sugar studies at Turku]. Makinen, KK; Scheinin, A, 1977)	0.47
" Furthermore, the required dosage of exogenous insulin was significantly lower (18."	( Comparison between glucose and a combination of glucose, fructose, and xylitol as carbohydrates for total parenteral nutrition of surgical intensive care patients. Allgoẅer, M; Goschke, H; Leutenegger, AF; Mannhart, H; Stutz, K; Werdenberg, D; Werdenberg, J; Wolff, G, 1977)	0.49
" During both regimens insulin administration was required in 4 patients, but the insulin dosage was lower with the mixture."	( [Parenteral hyperalimentation (author's transl)]. Göschke, H; Leutenegger, A, 1977)	0.26
" Differences between oral and parenteral administration are shown and finally dosage guidelines for parenteral administration are established on the basis of the different metabolic effects depending on the administered dose."	( [Biochemistry and metabolism of sugar substitutes]. Bässler, KH, 1977)	0.26
"The side effects of high dosed infusions of glucose and glucose substitutes (fructose, sorbitol, xylitol) in metabolically healthy volunteers have been studied."	( [Comparison of metabolic effects of infusions of glucose and glucose substitutes]. Förster, H, 1978)	0.48
" Theoretically one would expect an increase in triglyceride concentration, at least at the high dosed carbohydrate infusions."	( [Comparison of side effects of infusion of glucose and glucose substitutes at different doses]. Boecker, S; Förster, H; Zagel, D, 1978)	0.26
" Each group obtained in respect to the part of carbohydrates a different infusion solution (5% glucose, 5% fructose, 5% xylitol, 5% xylitol-glucose-fructose, 5% sorbitol) with an always constant part of electrolytes, the dosage of which was 60 ml/kg body weight on the day of operation and 40 ml/kg body weight during the first 3 postoperative days being continuously distributed over 24 hours."	( [Metabolic behavior and utilization of parenterally administered carbohydrates in the postoperative phase]. Ahnefeld, FW; Dölp, R; Grab, E; Knoche, E, 1975)	0.46
" The precise dosage of trace elements like zinc or magnesium is unknown."	( [Recommendations for the use of carbohydrates in the infusion therapy]. Berg, G, 1975)	0.25
" It suggested negative nutritional balance in young rats with this decreased dosage of GFX+BCAA solution suitable for the old rats."	( [Metabolic effects of GFX+BCAA solution in the old aged rats after operation]. Kasahara, H; Ohyanagi, H; Saitoh, Y; Usami, M, 1992)	0.28
" Peak plasma concentrations were lower for the two GMS formulations after single dosing compared to the oral solution."	( Kinetics of acetaminophen after single- and multiple-dose oral administration as a gradient matrix system to healthy male subjects. Raghoebar, M; Tukker, JJ; van Bommel, EM, 1991)	0.28
" Similar dosing without the label was used in motilin, GIP, and insulin studies."	( Xylitol vs glucose: effect on the rate of gastric emptying and motilin, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide release. Koivistoinen, PE; Kwasowski, P; Marks, V; Porkka, L; Salminen, EK; Salminen, SJ, 1989)	1.72
" As carbohydrate addition to routine fluid and electrolyte substitution xylitol in the specified low dosage is without risk in a diabetes-like metabolic condition as well as in fructose intolerance."	( [Carbohydrate intolerance as a danger in infusion therapy]. Ahnefeld, FW; Bässler, KH; Grünert, A; Halmágyi, M; Mehnert, H; Schmitz, JE, 1987)	0.51
" In addition, 65% xylitol chewing-gum produced better results than did that containing 15% xylitol, suggesting a dose-response relationship."	( Clinical results after 12 months from a study of the incidence and progression of dental caries in relation to consumption of chewing-gum containing xylitol in school preventive programs. Gagnon, G; Kandelman, D, 1987)	0.81
"The aim of this study was to assess the practical value of peroral xylitol at low to moderate dosage as a caries preventive measure."	( Xylitol and caries: the collaborative WHO oral disease preventive programme in Hungary. Bánóczy, J; Scheinin, A, 1985)	1.95
" High dietary concentrations of lactose give rise to a similar spectrum of effects when given in excessive dosage to laboratory rats."	( Perspectives in carbohydrate toxicology with special reference to carcinogenicity. Roe, FJ, 1984)	0.27
" It was concluded that Triofusin infused in the described dosage is a suitable calorie source for parenteral nutrition, but that it does not present a distinct advantage over the use of pure glucose solution."	( Fructose, xylitol and glucose in total parenteral nutrition. Berthelsen, P; Brøckner-Nielsen, J; Jarnum, S; Ladefoged, K; Larsen, V, 1982)	0.67
" Our results in rabbits suggest that (1) non-toxic dosage of xylitol is effective in ameliorating the hemolytic episode induced by APH, (2) there is a dose relationship between the hemolytic effect induced by APH and the preventive effect offered by xylitol, (3) drug-challenged cells effectively acquired two to three fold more xylitol to compensate for the cellular needs than that of the normal cells, and (4) sufficient xylitol (55 mg/dl) to act as substrate for xylitol dehydrogenase was recovered intracellularly in drug-challenged rabbit erythrocyte in vivo, in spite of a low plasma (less than 30 mg/dl) concentration of the substrate."	( Xylitol mediated amelioration of acetylphenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis in rabbits. Sato, J; Ukab, WA; van Eys, J; Wang, YM, 1981)	1.95
" Energy supply was then changed to a glucose/xylitol (1:1) regimen in an equicaloric dosage of 4 mg/kgBW/min for six hours again."	( Enhancement of fatty acid mobilization and oxidation by glucose-xylitol compared to glucose alone in posttraumatic and septic patients. Georgieff, M; Gross, G; Schricker, T; Wölfel, R, )	0.63
" During long-term TPN a glucose/xylitol mixture (1:1) in a dosage of 6 g/kg BW/d is recommended together with amino acids and, if necessary, lipids."	( Effects of xylitol on carbohydrate and protein metabolism after trauma and during sepsis. Anhäupl, T; Georgieff, M; Kugler, B; Schricker, T; Träger, K; Vogt, J, 1993)	0.96
" ruminantium SS2/R5 failed to establish in sheep which were dosed twice daily with 10 g of sorbitol."	( Isolation and attempted introduction of sugar alcohol-utilizing bacteria in the sheep rumen. Walker, ND; Wallace, RJ, 1993)	0.29
" To find a more convenient dosing schedule, an enzymatic assay was used to measure xylitol concentrations in the saliva of 65 children after giving them xylitol chewing gum or syrup in doses equal to those used in clinical trials."	( Xylitol concentrations in the saliva of children after chewing xylitol gum or consuming a xylitol mixture. Kontiokari, T; Renko, M; Tapiainen, T; Uhari, M, 2002)	1.98
"The objective of this study was to prepare novel capsule-based fast disintegrating dosage forms for the oral cavity (Fastcaps)."	( Preparation and characterization of novel fast disintegrating capsules (Fastcaps) for administration in the oral cavity. Bodmeier, R; Ciper, M, 2005)	0.33
" This study determined the dose-response of mutans streptococci in plaque and unstimulated saliva to xylitol gum."	( Mutans streptococci dose response to xylitol chewing gum. Ly, KA; Milgrom, P; Mueller, G; Roberts, MC; Rothen, M; Yamaguchi, DK, 2006)	0.82
" A less frequent dosing schedule, if tolerable and efficacious, would promote the more widespread use of this treatment."	( Tolerability of oral xylitol solution in young children: implications for otitis media prophylaxis. Mitchell, AA; Vernacchio, L; Vezina, RM, 2007)	0.66
" To find a more convenient dosing regimen, we tested whether xylitol administered 3 times a day reduces the occurrence of AOM."	( Failure of xylitol given three times a day for preventing acute otitis media. Hautalahti, O; Kontiokari, T; Pokka, T; Renko, M; Tapiainen, T; Uhari, M, 2007)	0.97
" The objective is to estimate the non-effective dosage that does not cause transitory diarrhea for xylitol, lactitol, and erythritol in healthy subjects."	( Threshold for transitory diarrhea induced by ingestion of xylitol and lactitol in young male and female adults. Nakamura, S; Oku, T, 2007)	0.8
"Although research gaps exist, particularly on optimal dosing and relative polyol efficacy, research evidence supports using polyol-containing chewing gum as part of normal oral hygiene to prevent dental caries."	( The impact of polyol-containing chewing gums on dental caries: a systematic review of original randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Deshpande, A; Jadad, AR, 2008)	0.35
"An amalgamation of solid dispersion and cube sugar or sintering technologies was utilized for preparing a high dissolution rate, fast-release dosage form for poorly water soluble drug(s)."	( Development of modified dosage form for enhancement of dissolution rate through amalgamation of solid dispersion and cube sugar or sintering technology using famotidine as a model drug. Gupta, M; Gupta, V; Madan, AK, )	0.13
" Eighteen adult, clinically normal Pekingese dogs were orally dosed with 1 or 4 g/kg xylitol in aqueous solution."	( Experimental acute toxicity of xylitol in dogs. He, Y; Xia, Z; Yu, J, 2009)	0.86
" Therefore, we recommend preparing the tablets with XYL or SOR as a binder using the wet granule compression method to produce a compact dosage form of MC."	( Preparation and evaluation of medicinal carbon tablets with different saccharides as binders. Ito, A; Machida, Y; Yamamoto, K, 2009)	0.35
" Changes were sharp in respect of concentration and showed little dose-response characteristics."	( The role of small molecular weight compounds to increase vacuolation induced by VacA toxin in vitro. Bian, J; Chen, J; Chi, B; Eshita, Y; Fang, X; Hao, W; Liu, W; Liu, Z; Ouyang, X; Su, B; Su, Z; Sun, J; Wu, S; Wu, Y; Zhao, H; Zhao, L, 2010)	0.36
" Several compounds elicited this increase in enzyme activity over a relatively wide dosage range."	( Rapid assembly of a library of lipophilic iminosugars via the thiol-ene reaction yields promising pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of Gaucher disease. Goddard-Borger, ED; Mahuran, DJ; Tropak, MB; Tysoe, C; Withers, SG; Yonekawa, S, 2012)	0.38
" Nebulization of mannitol by vibrating mesh devices has recently been shown in vitro to impart similar dosing in a comparable or lesser treatment time."	( Delivery of high solubility polyols by vibrating mesh nebulizer to enhance mucociliary clearance. Chan, HK; Chan, JG; Kwok, PC; Traini, D; Young, PM, 2012)	0.38
" There was no indication of a dose-response effect."	( Results from the Xylitol for Adult Caries Trial (X-ACT). Amaechi, BT; Bader, JD; Brown, JP; Funkhouser, KA; Gilbert, GH; Laws, RL; Leo, MC; Makhija, SK; Ritter, AV; Shugars, DA; Vollmer, WM, 2013)	0.73
" Xylitol, a naturally occurring sugar alcohol, can reduce AOM when given 5 times per day as a gum or syrup, but a more convenient dosing regimen is needed for widespread adoption."	( Xylitol syrup for the prevention of acute otitis media. Corwin, MJ; Coyne-Beasley, T; Feldman, HA; Mitchell, AA; Pelton, SI; Vernacchio, L; Vezina, RM, 2014)	2.76
"5–3 years, low quality evidence demonstrated that with 4216 children analysed, a fluoride toothpaste with 10% xylitol (exact dosage unsure) reduced caries by 13% when compared to a fluoride only toothpaste."	( Xylitol and caries prevention. Duane, B, 2015)	2.07
"Co-amorphous mixtures have rarely been formulated as oral dosage forms, even though they have been shown to stabilize amorphous drugs in the solid state and enhance the dissolution properties of poorly soluble drugs."	( Preparation and characterization of multi-component tablets containing co-amorphous salts: Combining multimodal non-linear optical imaging with established analytical methods. Korhonen, O; Laitinen, R; Ojarinta, R; Saarinen, J; Strachan, CJ, 2018)	0.48
"Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) is a friendly dosage form that requires no access to water and serves as a solution to non-compliance."	( Effect of processing methods on xylitol-starch base co-processed adjuvant for orally disintegrating tablet application. Bin, LK; Gaurav, A; Helaluddin, ABM; Islam Sarker, MZ; Mandal, UK, 2020)	0.84
"58% xylan digestibility were achieved from the solid residue with an enzyme dosage of 30 FPU/g cellulose."	( Coproduction of xylooligosaccharides and fermentable sugars from sugarcane bagasse by seawater hydrothermal pretreatment. Jiang, J; Lei, F; Yang, S; Zhang, W; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.56
" The finding confirms that ELA dosing in LHW HTT allows lowering of the required temperature that can result in a reduction of degradation products, which is especially relevant under high solid conditions."	( Intensification of Xylo-oligosaccharides Production by Hydrothermal Treatment of Brewer's Spent Grains: The Use of Extremely Low Acid Catalyst for Reduction of Degradation Products Associated with High Solid Loading. Bedzo, OKK; Görgens, JF; Swart, LJ; van Rensburg, E, 2021)	0.62
" In comparison to Xlt, XCDs have higher inhibitory potential and reduced dosage size of antimicrobials against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli by 75%, 75%, 87."	( Fluorescent xylitol carbon dots: A potent antimicrobial agent and drug carrier. Ahuja, V; Banerjee, S; Bhatt, AK; Roy, P, 2022)	1.1
" To assess the relationship between xylitol dosage and diarrhea, especially the influences of diarrhea on physiological characteristics, the immune system, and gut microbiota in rats, the control, low-dose (L), medium-dose (M), and high-dose (H) groups were fed with 0, 1, 3, and 10% of xylitol, respectively, correspondingly for 15 days, followed by a 7-day recovery."	( Influences of Xylitol Consumption at Different Dosages on Intestinal Tissues and Gut Microbiota in Rats. Cai, X; Chen, DS; Chen, KQ; Han, FF; Li, M; Liu, ZQ; Zheng, XY; Zhu, X; Zuo, QL, 2021)	1.26

Product Category	Products
Other	310
Desayunos, Untables, Untables dulces, Productos apícolas, Productos agrícolas, Endulzantes, Mieles	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Beverages, Plant-based beverages	3
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Céréales et pommes de terre, Pains, Biscottes	1
Viandes et dérivés, Viandes, Volailles, Dinde et dérivés, Dindes, Escalopes de dinde	1
Dairies, Fermented foods, Fermented milk products, Cheeses	10
Snacks	29
Boissons, Boissons énergisantes	1
Alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal, Alimentos de origen vegetal, Condimentos, Frutas y verduras y sus productos, Plantas culinarias, Verduras y hortalizas y sus productos, Verduras de tallo, Apios, en:groceries	1
Sweet pies, Apple pies	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux,Aliments d'origine végétale,Légumineuses et dérivés,Légumineuses,Fruits à coques et dérivés,Fruits à coques,Cacahuètes,Cacahuètes crues,Cacahuètes décortiquées	1
Salted snacks	3
Snacks, Snacks sucrés, Confiseries, Bonbons	1
Plant-based foods and beverages,Plant-based foods,Breakfasts,Cereals and potatoes,Cereals and their products,Breakfast cereals,extruded cereals	1
Sweeteners, Sugars	1
Snacks, Sweet snacks, Biscuits and cakes, Cakes, Chocolate cakes, Brownies	1
Snacks, Desserts, Snacks sucrés, Aliments festifs, Biscuits et gâteaux, Aliments et boissons de Noël, Pâtisseries, Bûches de Noël, Bûches pâtissières	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Frozen foods, Vegetables based foods, Frozen plant-based foods, Frozen vegetables	4
Snacks, Sweet snacks, Confectioneries	4
en:open-beauty-facts	1
en:nut-butters	1
Snacks, Sweet snacks, Biscuits and cakes, Biscuits, Chocolate biscuits, Drop cookies, Chocolate chip cookies	1
Desserts, Frozen foods, Frozen desserts	8
Viandes et dérivés, Viandes, Charcuteries, Saucissons, Chorizo	2
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Breads	3
Canned foods, Meals, Soups, Canned meals, Canned soups	1
Boissons, Boissons alcoolisées, Vins, Vins français, Côtes de Provence	1
Croquetas	1
Seafood, Frozen foods, Frozen seafood	1
Produits de la mer, Poissons et dérivés, Poissons, Poissons gras, Saumons, Poissons fumés, Saumons fumés	3
Boissons, Boissons alcoolisées, Vins, Vins français, Côtes de Gascogne	1
Viandes et dérivés, Viandes, Poulet et dérivés, Volailles, Poulets, Filets de poulet	2
Produits laitiers, Produits fermentés, Produits laitiers fermentés, Fromages, Fromages de vache, en:cooked-pressed-cheeses, Emmentals, Fromages râpés, Emmentals râpés	1
Boissons, Boissons gazeuses, Sodas	1
Meats and their products, Meats	2
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Matières grasses, Matières grasses végétales, Produits de l'olivier, Huiles, Huiles d'olive, Huiles d'olive vierges extra	1
Produits laitiers, Produits fermentés, Desserts, Produits laitiers fermentés, Desserts lactés, Desserts lactés fermentés, Yaourts	2
Breakfasts,Spreads,Sweet spreads,Pistachio spreads	1
Produits de la mer, Poissons et dérivés, Poissons, Plats préparés, Poissons maigres, Plats préparés au poisson, Morues, Brandades de morue, en:preparations-made-from-fish-meat	1
Desserts, Desserts au chocolat, Mousses au chocolat	1
Produits laitiers, Produits fermentés, Desserts, Produits laitiers fermentés, Desserts lactés	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Legumes and their products, Canned foods, Legumes, Canned plant-based foods, Canned legumes, Canned common beans	1
Meals, Pasta dishes	1
Boissons, Boissons alcoolisées, Vins, Vins effervescents	1
en:peanut-butters	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Fruits à coques et dérivés, Fruits à coques, Noix, Noix françaises, Noix de Grenoble	1
en:extra-virgin-olive-oils	1
Snacks, Sweet snacks, Biscuits and cakes, Biscuits	3
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Fats, Vegetable fats, Olive tree products, Vegetable oils, Olive oils, nl:biologisch	1
Snacks, Snacks sucrés, Viennoiseries	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Céréales et pommes de terre, Pains, Pain à l'épeautre	1
ro:paine, en:breads	1
en:candies	2
Produits de la mer, Poissons et dérivés, Poissons, Filets de poissons	1
Milchprodukte	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Canned foods, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Canned plant-based foods, Fruits based foods, Canned fruits	2
Produits de la ruche, Propolis	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Plats préparés, Légumes préparés, Ratatouilles	1
Viandes et dérivés, Produits à tartiner, Viandes, Charcuteries, Produits à tartiner salés, Rillettes, Rillettes de viande, Rillettes de viande blanche, Rillettes de volaille, Rillettes de canard	1
Produits laitiers, Produits fermentés, Produits laitiers fermentés, Fromages, Fromages à pâte persillée, Fromages à pâte persillée français, Fromages de brebis, Roqueforts	1
Botanas, Snacks dulces, Galletas y pasteles, Pasteles, Rosquillas fritas	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages, en:Plant-based foods, en:Fruits and vegetables based foods, en:Canned foods, en:Vegetables based foods, en:Canned plant-based foods, en:Canned vegetables	1
Viandes et dérivés, Viandes	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Pickles, Produits de l'olivier, Pickles d'origine végétale, Olives	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Cereals and their products, Pastas	2
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Vegetables based foods, Tomatoes and their products, Tomatoes	2
Édulcorants, Sucres	1
Snacks, Snacks sucrés	1
Viandes et dérivés, Charcuteries, Terrines, Terrines de chevreuil	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Aliments à base de fruits et de légumes, Légumes et dérivés, Tomates et dérivés, Tomates	1
Produits de la mer, Poissons et dérivés, Poissons, Poissons gras, Poissons fumés, Truites, Truites fumées	1
Boissons, Boissons alcoolisées, Vins	1
Baking decorations	2
Produits laitiers, Produits fermentés, Desserts, Produits laitiers fermentés, Desserts lactés, Desserts lactés fermentés, Yaourts, Yaourts au lait de brebis	1
th:Pistachio milk	1
Sirupy	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Snacks, Céréales et pommes de terre, Snacks sucrés, Biscuits et gâteaux, Biscuits, Pains, Biscuits sablés, Pains blancs, Shortbread, ro:Panificație	1
Produits de la mer, Poissons et dérivés, Poissons, Poissons et viandes et oeufs, Poissons maigres, Morues, Foies de poissons, Foies de morue	1
Cibi e bevande a base vegetale, Cibi a base vegetale, Colazioni, Spalmabili, Spalmabili a base di piante, Spalmabili dolci, Confetture e marmellate, Confetture, Confetture di frutti di bosco, Confetture di fragole	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Breakfasts, Spreads, Plant-based spreads, Sweet spreads, Fruit and vegetable preserves	2
Cibi e bevande a base vegetale, Cibi a base vegetale, Colazioni, Cibi a base di frutta e verdura, Spalmabili, Cibi a base di frutta, Spalmabili dolci, en:Prickly pears jams, Marmellata di fichi d'india	1
Petit-déjeuners, Produits à tartiner, Produits à tartiner sucrés	1
Snacks, Sweet snacks, Biscuits and cakes, Pastries, Waffles, en:biscuits	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages, en:Plant-based foods, en:Condiments, en:Fruits and vegetables based foods, en:Culinary plants, en:Vegetables based foods, en:Vegetable rods, en:Celery, en:Celery stalk	1
Cibi e bevande a base vegetale, Cibi a base vegetale, Cibi a base di frutta e verdura, Cibi a base di verdure, Alimenti freschi, Cibi freschi a base vegetale, Carote, Verdure fresche, Carote fresche	1
Dietary supplements, Bodybuilding supplements, Protein powders	2
Compléments alimentaires, Compléments pour le Bodybuilding, Protéines en poudre	1
Alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal, Alimentos de origen vegetal, Frutas y verduras y sus productos, Congelados, Verduras y hortalizas y sus productos, Alimentos de origen vegetal congelados, Verduras y hortalizas congeladas, Brócolis, Brócolis congelad	1
Tiefkühlprodukte	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages, en:Plant-based foods, en:Breakfasts, en:Cereals and potatoes, Semínka, Obiloviny, Snídaňové cereálie, en:Cereal grains, en:Porridge, en:Oat	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages, en:Plant-based foods, en:Breakfasts, en:Cereals and potatoes, Obiloviny, Snídaňové cereálie, Müsli	1
Frozen Foods	1
Gewürzmittel, Saucen, Nudelsoßen, Tomatensaucen, Arrabiata-Soßen	1
en:Tamarind Drink	1
Frozen foods, Meals, Pizzas pies and quiches, Frozen pizzas and pies, Frozen pies	1
Condiments, Sauces, Sauces tomate	1
en:filled-biscuits	1
Pflanzliche Lebensmittel und Getränke,Pflanzliche Lebensmittel,Frucht- und gemüsebasierte Lebensmittel,Gemüsebasierte Lebensmittel,Gemüse,Tomaten und Tomatenprodukte,Tomaten	1
Viandes et dérivés, Viandes, Charcuteries, Saucisses, Saucisses allemandes, Saucisses de Francfort	1
Cibi e bevande a base vegetale, Cibi a base vegetale, Legumi ed i loro prodotti, Verdure, Semi, Legumi	1
Snacks, Snacks sucrés, Cacao et dérivés, Chocolats, Chocolats blancs, Chocolats blancs à l'orange, Chocolats à l'orange	1
Produits laitiers, Crèmes	1
Viandes et dérivés, Poulet et dérivés, Préparations de viande, Produits panés, Préparations au poulet, Nuggets de volaille, Poulets panés, Nuggets de poulet	1
Produits laitiers, Desserts, Desserts lactés, Crèmes dessert, Crèmes dessert rayon frais, Crèmes dessert vanille	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Légumineuses et dérivés, Alternatives à la viande, Substituts de viande, Tofu, Tofu nature	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Aliments à base de fruits et de légumes, Légumes et dérivés, Poivrons, Mélanges de poivrons multicolores	1
Produits laitiers, Produits fermentés, Produits laitiers fermentés, Fromages, Fromages de vache, Fromages à pâte molle à croûte fleurie, Fromages de France, Coulommiers	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Pickles, Olive tree products, Plant-based pickles, Olives, Green olives, Pitted olives, Green pitted olives	1
Édulcorants, Sirops, Sirops simples, Sirops d'agave	1
Alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal, Alimentos de origen vegetal, Condimentos, Frutas y verduras y sus productos, Plantas culinarias, Verduras y hortalizas y sus productos, Alimentos frescos, Alimentos de origen vegetal frescos, Cebollas y derivados, Ve	1
Doplněk stravy	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages, en:Plant-based foods, en:Cereals and potatoes, Semínka, Obiloviny, en:Cereal grains, en:Quinoa	1
Cooking helpers, Pastry helpers	3
Alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal, Alimentos de origen vegetal, Frutas y verduras y sus productos, Verduras y hortalizas y sus productos, Verduras de hoja, Lechuga	1
Alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal, Alimentos de origen vegetal, Condimentos, Plantas culinarias, Plantas aromáticas, Hierbas aromáticas, Perejil	1
Alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal, Alimentos de origen vegetal, Condimentos, Plantas culinarias, Plantas aromáticas, en:aromatic-herbs, Perejil, en:groceries	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Boissons, Boissons chaudes, Boissons à base de végétaux, Thés, Infusions	2
en:bars	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Breakfasts, Cereals and potatoes, Cereals and their products, Breakfast cereals, Flakes, Cereal flakes, Rolled flakes, Oat-flakes	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Petit-déjeuners, Céréales et pommes de terre, Céréales et dérivés, Céréales pour petit-déjeuner, Mueslis, Céréales aux fruits à coques, Mueslis aux fruits à coque, Surgelés	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages, en:Plant-based foods, Svačiny, en:Breakfasts, en:Cereals and potatoes, Sladké svačiny, Obiloviny, en:Biscuits and cakes, Snídaňové cereálie, Sušenky, Müsli	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Cereals and their products, en:porridge	1
Snacks, Sweet snacks, Biscuits and cakes, Biscuits, cs:Krekry, en:crackers	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages, en:Plant-based foods, en:Breakfasts, en:Cereals and potatoes, Obiloviny, Snídaňové cereálie, en:Chocolate cereals, Müsli, en:Mueslis with chocolate	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages, en:Plant-based foods, en:Dairy substitutes, en:Cheese substitutes, en:Sliced cheese substitutes	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Beverages, Plant-based beverages, Fruit-based beverages, Juices and nectars, Fruit juices	1
Cibi e bevande a base vegetale, Cibi a base vegetale	1
Boissons, Boissons alcoolisées, Liqueurs, Crèmes de cassis	1
Boissons, Boissons alcoolisées, Liqueurs, Liqueur herbale	1
Boissons, Sirops, Sirops aromatisés	1
Beverages,Syrups,Flavoured syrups,Sweetened beverages,fr:Sirops de melon	1
Nápoje, Nealkoholické nápoje	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux,Aliments d'origine végétale,Céréales et pommes de terre,Pains,Baguettes	1
en:Meat alternatives, en:Meat analogues	1
Mořské plody, en:Fishes and their products, Ryby	1
Boissons, Eaux, Eaux de sources, Eaux minérales, Eaux minérales naturelles	1
Beverages	1
Alkoholfreie Biere	1
Snacks, Snacks salés, Amuse-gueules, Biscuits apéritifs	1
Snacks, Snacks salés, ro:Covrigi	1
Farming products, Eggs, Hard-boiled egg	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Cereals and their products	1
Beverages, Dried products, Dried products to be rehydrated, Dehydrated beverages	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Cereals and their products, Pastas, Cereal pastas, Dry pastas, Durum wheat pasta, Dried wholemeal pasta, Whole durum wheat pasta, Whole or semi-whole durum wheat pasta, Durum wheat	1
Condiments, Groceries	2
Beverages, Dairies, Dried products, Milks, Dried products to be rehydrated, Dehydrated beverages, Skimmed milks, Milk powders, Skimmed milk powder	1
Dairies, Fermented foods, Desserts, Fermented milk products, Dairy desserts, Fermented dairy desserts, Yogurts, Greek-style yogurts	2
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Snacks, Nuts and their products, Nuts	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Fats, Vegetable fats, Vegetable oils	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Beverages, Plant-based beverages, Fruit-based beverages, Juices and nectars, Fruit juices, Cranberry juices	1
Sweeteners, Syrups, Simple syrups, Maple syrups	1
Condiments, Dried products, Dried products to be rehydrated, Broths, Dehydrated broths, Bouillon cubes, Groceries	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Legumes and their products, Spreads, Nuts and their products, Plant-based spreads, Oilseed purees, Legume butters, Nut butters, Peanut butters, Creamy Peanut Butter	1
Condiments, Dried products, Dried products to be rehydrated, Sauces, Dehydrated sauces, Groceries	1
Dairies, Milks	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Vegetables based foods, Frozen foods, Frozen plant-based foods, Frozen vegetables	1
Breakfasts, Spreads, Sweet spreads, Bee products, Farming products, Sweeteners, Honeys	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Canned foods, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Canned plant-based foods, Vegetables based foods, Canned vegetables	5
Plant-based foods and beverages, Beverages, Plant-based beverages, Vegetable-based foods and beverages, Juices and nectars, Vegetable-based beverages, Vegetable juices	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Fats, Vegetable fats, Vegetable oils, Rapeseed oils, Canola oils	1
Beverages, Waters	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Frozen foods, Vegetables based foods, Frozen plant-based foods, Frozen vegetables, Brussels sprouts	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Beverages, Plant-based foods, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Fruits based foods, Carbonated drinks, Sodas, Lemonade	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Legumes and their products, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Legumes, Seeds, Legume seeds, Vegetables based foods, Pulses, Common beans, Mixed vegetables, Red beans	1
Sweeteners, Sugars, Powdered sugars	1
Beverages, Coffee drinks, Iced coffees	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Aliments à base de fruits et de légumes, Condiments, Légumes et dérivés, Surgelés, Sauces, Tomates et dérivés, Coulis de tomates, en:groceries	1
en:Meat alternatives, Fleisch-Ersatzprodukte, Vegetarische Würste, en:vegan-saucages	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Boissons, Boissons à base de végétaux, Boissons aux fruits, Jus et nectars, Nectars de fruits, Boissons sans alcool, Nectars d'abricot	1
Meals, Pizzas pies and quiches, Pizzas	1
Plats préparés, Plats préparés au poisson, Salades composées, en:Salads with fish, en:tuna-salad, en:salads	1
Produits de la mer, Conserves, Poissons, Poissons gras, Poissons en conserve, Thons, Thons en conserve, Thons à l'huile, Thons à l'huile d'olive	1
Gefrorenes Obst, en:smoothies	1
en:tuna-salad	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Petit-déjeuners, Céréales et pommes de terre, Céréales et dérivés, Céréales pour petit-déjeuner, Mueslis	1
Produits laitiers, Produits fermentés, Desserts, Produits laitiers fermentés, Desserts lactés, Desserts lactés fermentés, Desserts lactés fermentés aux fruits, Yaourts, Yaourts aux fruits, Yaourts brassés, Yaourts à la myrtille	1
Produits laitiers, Produits fermentés, Desserts, Produits laitiers fermentés, Desserts lactés, Desserts lactés fermentés, Desserts lactés fermentés aux fruits, Yaourts, Yaourts aux fruits, Yaourts brassés, Yaourts brassés aux fruits	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Aliments à base de fruits et de légumes, Plats préparés, Soupes, Soupes de légumes	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Aliments à base de fruits et de légumes, Légumineuses et dérivés, Légumes et dérivés, Plats préparés, Aliments et boissons à base de légumes, Soupes, Veloutés, Soupes à réchauffer, Soup	1
Snacks, Sweet snacks, Confectioneries, Candies	1
Snacks, Snacks sucrés, Biscuits et gâteaux, Pâtisseries, Gâteau basque aux cerises, Gâteaux basques	1
Produits laitiers, Produits fermentés, Desserts, Produits laitiers fermentés, Desserts lactés, Desserts lactés fermentés, Yaourts, Yaourts au lait de vache	1
Produits laitiers, Produits fermentés, Desserts, Produits laitiers fermentés, Desserts lactés, Desserts lactés fermentés, Yaourts, Desserts lactés fermentés nature, Yaourts natures, Yaourts au lait de vache	1
Produits laitiers, Produits fermentés, Produits laitiers fermentés, Fromages, Fromages de vache, Produits de montagne, Fromages de France, Fromages de montagne, Fromages de Suisse, Fromages pasteurisés, Tommes	1
Těstoviny	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Aliments à base de fruits et de légumes, Légumes et dérivés, Frais, Aliments à base de plantes frais, Tomates et dérivés, Légumes frais, Tomates, Tomates cerise	1
Snack	1
Snacks, Snacks sucrés, Cacao et dérivés, Chocolats, Chocolats blancs	1
Bebidas, Bebidas alcoólicas, Cervejas, en:Ales, en:Dark ales, en:Stouts	1
Seafood,Fishes and their products,Fishes,Frozen fish fingers	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Aliments à base de fruits et de légumes, Fruits et produits dérivés, Fruits, Fruits tropicaux, Bananes	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages, en:Plant-based foods, en:Condiments, en:Spices, en:Spice Mix, en:groceries	1
Produits de la mer, Poissons et dérivés, Poissons, Produits à tartiner, Produits à tartiner salés, Rillettes, Préparations de poisson, Rillettes de poissons	1
Édulcorants, Sirops, Sirops simples, Sirops d'érable	1
Snacks, Sweet snacks, Biscuits and cakes, Biscuits, Filled biscuits	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Produits à tartiner, Pâtes à tartiner végétales, Caviars d'aubergine	1
Produits à tartiner, Produits à tartiner salés, Tapenades, Tapenades noires	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Snacks, Desserts, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Fruits based foods, Compotes, Apple compotes, Applesauces	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Legumes and their products, Fats, Spreads, Nuts and their products, Plant-based spreads, Vegetable fats, Oilseed purees, Legume butters, Nut butters, Peanut butters	1
Meats and their products, Meats, Prepared meats, Sausages	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Legumes and their products, Canned foods, Legumes, Seeds, Canned plant-based foods, Legume seeds, Pulses, Common beans, Canned legumes, Red beans, Canned common beans	1
Condiments, Sauces, Groceries	1
Condiments, Sauces, Mustards, Dijon mustards, Groceries	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Vegetables based foods, Mixed vegetables	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Fruits based foods	1
Dairies, Milks, Evaporated milks	1
Meats and their products, Frozen foods, Meals, Meats, Chicken and its products, Poultries, Chickens, Cooked poultries, Cooked chicken, Chicken breasts, Cooked chicken breast without skin, Frozen poultry	1
Snacks, Sweet snacks, Biscuits and cakes, Pastries, Cream puff, Profiteroles with custard and chocolate sauce refrigerated	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Petit-déjeuners, Céréales et pommes de terre, Céréales et dérivés, Céréales pour petit-déjeuner, Céréales aux fruits, Mueslis, Mueslis aux fruits	1
Pflanzliche Lebensmittel und Getränke, Pflanzliche Lebensmittel, Getreide und Kartoffeln, Brotaufstriche, Getreideprodukte, Pflanzliche Brotaufstriche, Ölsaaten-Pürees, en:Cereal butters, Tahin	1
Spreads, Salted spreads, Tapenades, Salted snacks	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Pickles, Olive tree products, Plant-based pickles, Olives, Stuffed olives	1
Condiments, en:Groceries	1
Snacks, Snacks sucrés, Biscuits et gâteaux, Biscuits	2
Snack, Snack dolci, Biscotti e torte, Biscotti	1
Kakao und Kakaoprodukte, en:Imbiss, en:Schokoladen, en:Süßer Snack, en:Weiße Schokoladen	1
Snacks, Popcorn	2
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Legumes and their products, Canned foods, Legumes, Seeds, Canned plant-based foods, Legume seeds, Pulses, Common beans, Canned legumes, Black beans, Canned common beans	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Frozen foods, Breads	1
en:Dairies, en:Fermented foods, en:Desserts, en:Fermented milk products, en:Dairy desserts, en:Fermented dairy desserts, en:Fermented dairy desserts with fruits, en:Yogurts, en:Fruit yogurts, en:Blackberry yogurts, en:Blueberry yogurts, en:Strawberry yogu	1
en:Dairies, en:Fermented foods, en:Desserts, en:Fermented milk products, en:Dairy desserts, en:Fermented dairy desserts, en:Yogurts	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Breakfasts, Cereals and potatoes, Cereals and their products, Breakfast cereals, Mueslis, Mueslis with nuts	1
Produits laitiers, Crèmes, Crèmes UHT, Crèmes entières	1
Beverages,Carbonated drinks,Sodas,Energy drink with sugar,Energy drinks	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages, Nápoje, en:Plant-based beverages, Džusy a nektary	1
Alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal, Alimentos de origen vegetal, Frutos de cáscara y derivados, Frutos de cáscara, Frutos de cáscara sin cáscara, Almendras, Almendras sin cáscara	1
Alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal, Alimentos de origen vegetal, Frutos de cáscara y derivados, Frutos de cáscara, Nueces	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Dairy substitutes, Milk substitutes, Creamer	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Vegetables based foods, Tomatoes and their products, Tomatoes, Tomato pastes	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Conserves, Aliments à base de fruits et de légumes, Aliments à base de plantes en conserve, Légumes et dérivés, Légumes en conserve, Salsifis, Salsifis en conserve	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Fats, Vegetable fats, Olive tree products, Vegetable oils, Olive oils, Extra-virgin olive oils, Virgin olive oils	1
en:Dairies, en:Fermented foods, en:Desserts, en:Fermented milk products, en:Dairy desserts, en:Fermented dairy desserts, en:Fermented dairy desserts with fruits, Skyrs, en:Fruit skyrs	1
Plats préparés, Plats préparés au poisson, Salades composées, en:salads	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Breads, Wholemeal breads, en:flatbreads	1
Condiments, Sauces, Sauces salades	1
Condiments, Sauces, Hot sauces, Groceries	1
Ontbijten, Smeerbare producten, Zoete smeerpastas, Siropen, Broodbeleggen, Stropen, Fruitstropen, Appelstropen	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Boissons, Boissons à base de végétaux, Boissons aux fruits, Jus et nectars, Jus de fruits	1
Boissons	1
en:Mixed berry juice	1
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Boissons, Boissons à base de végétaux, Boissons aux fruits, Jus et nectars, Jus de fruits, Jus d'orange	1
Alimente și băuturi pe bază de plante, Alimente pe bază de plante, Gustări, en:Cereals and potatoes, Gustări sărate, Aperitive, Pâini, en:Crackers, en:Special breads, en:Pretzel	1
Gustări, Gustări dulci, Biscuiți și prăjituri, Biscuiți	1
Gewürzmittel, en:groceries	1
Seafood, Fishes, Fatty fishes, Frozen foods, Fish fillets, Frozen seafood, Salmons, Salmon fillets	1
Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Snacks, Cereals and potatoes, Salty snacks, Appetizers, Chips and fries, Crisps, Potato crisps	1
Getränke	1
Specific products, Products for specific diets	1
Sandwiches	1
Plant-based foods and beverages,Plant-based foods,Breakfasts,Cereals and potatoes,Cereals and their products,Breakfast cereals,Flakes,Cereal flakes,Rolled flakes,Rolled oats,Pre-cooked oat flakes	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages,เครื่องดื่ม,เครื่องดื่มจากพืช,en:Fruit-based beverages	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages, เครื่องดื่ม, เครื่องดื่มจากพืช, en:Fruit-based beverages, en:Juices and nectars, น้ำผลไม้, en:Multifruit juices	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages, เครื่องดื่ม, เครื่องดื่มจากพืช, en:Fruit-based beverages, en:Juices and nectars, น้ำผลไม้, en:Squeezed juices	1
en:Plant-based foods and beverages, เครื่องดื่ม, เครื่องดื่มจากพืช, en:Fruit-based beverages, en:Juices and nectars, น้ำผลไม้, เครื่องดื่มไม่เติมน้ำตาล, น้ำเอปเปิ้, en:Squeezed juices, en:Squeezed apple juices	1
อาหารแช่แข็ง, en:Frozen fried potatoes, en:Frozen deep-fried French fries	1
ขนม-ของว่าง, en:Salty snacks, อาหารเรียกน้ำย่อย, en:Chips and fries, มันฝรั่งทอด, en:Sweet potato crisps	1
Beauty & Personal Care	122
Baby & Kids Products	15
Vitamins & Supplements	51
Active Lifestyle & Fitness	14
Professional Supplements	7
Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	6
Food & Beverages	14
Weight Management	1

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
A mellow buttery cheese with a nutty flavor serve with fruity red or white wines or in a classic reu		Dairies, Fermented foods, Fermented milk products, Cheeses	natamycin	2024-02-11
Blue cheese flavored stuffed green olives, blue cheese		Salted snacks	lactic acid	2024-02-12
Blueberry fruit & grain cereal bars, blueberry		Snacks	malic acid	2024-02-12
Brownie Bites		Snacks, Sweet snacks, Biscuits and cakes, Cakes, Chocolate cakes, Brownies	niacin,egg white,riboflavin	2024-02-12
Candy gems marshmallow treat		Snacks, Sweet snacks, Confectioneries	riboflavin,pyridoxine hydrochloride,niacinamide	2024-02-12
Cinnamon raisin bagels		Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Breads	niacin,riboflavin,calcium propionate	2024-08-22
Classic condensed vegetable with beef stock soup		Canned foods, Meals, Soups, Canned meals, Canned soups	riboflavin,niacin,ferrous sulfate	2024-02-11
Edy's, slow churned, yogurt blends, cultured frozen dairy dessert, chocolate vanilla swirl		Desserts, Frozen foods, Frozen desserts	invert sugar	2024-02-12
Essentials pineapple pomegranate flavored antioxidant beverage, pineapple pomegranate		Plant-based foods and beverages, Beverages, Plant-based beverages	niacinamide	2024-02-12
Fork split english muffins		Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Breads	riboflavin,niacin	2024-08-22
gentle laxative		Other	ammonium hydroxide,methylparaben	2024-03-06
Hot cheese crunch		Snacks	niacin,ferrous sulfate,riboflavin	2024-02-11
Macaroni & cheese		Meals, Pasta dishes	riboflavin,lactose,niacin	2024-02-12
Pizza crust mix		Other	riboflavin,niacin	2024-02-12
Potato chips		Snacks	malic acid,lactose	2024-02-11
Spinach & cheese ravioli		Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Cereals and their products, Pastas	niacin,riboflavin,ferrous sulfate	2024-02-11
Texas toast		Other	niacin,riboflavin,calcium propionate	2024-02-12
Greek Halkidiki Pitted Green Olives	Cypressa	Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Pickles, Olive tree products, Plant-based pickles, Olives, Green olives, Pitted olives, Green pitted olives	Lactic Acid	2024-02-11
Crunchy nuggets whole grain wheat and barley cereal, crunchy nuggets	Great Value	Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Cereals and their products	niacinamide,zinc oxide,pyridoxine hydrochloride	2024-02-11
Drink Mix, Orange Early Rise	Great Value	Beverages, Dried products, Dried products to be rehydrated, Dehydrated beverages	acesulfame potassium	2024-02-09
Light greek nonfat yogurt	Great Value	Dairies, Fermented foods, Desserts, Fermented milk products, Dairy desserts, Fermented dairy desserts, Yogurts, Greek-style yogurts	malic acid,acesulfame potassium	2024-09-23
Mountain trail mix	Great Value	Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Snacks, Nuts and their products, Nuts	lactose	2024-02-10
Bowtie Great Value Noodles	Great Value, Star Lytes	Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Cereals and their products, Pastas	riboflavin,ferrous sulfate,niacin	2024-02-09
Garden rotini	Hannaford	Other	ferrous sulfate,niacin,riboflavin	2024-02-13
Gravy Mix	Hannaford	Condiments, Dried products, Dried products to be rehydrated, Sauces, Dehydrated sauces, Groceries	Lactose,riboflavin,niacin	2024-02-11
Spaghetti rings in tomato sauce	Hannaford	Other	niacin,egg white	2024-02-12
100% juice	Hannaford, Hannaford Bros. Co.	Plant-based foods and beverages, Beverages, Plant-based beverages, Vegetable-based foods and beverages, Juices and nectars, Vegetable-based beverages, Vegetable juices	potassium chloride	2024-02-09
Hannaford, fudge striped cookies, coconut caramel	Hannaford, Hannaford Bros. Co.	Snacks, Sweet snacks, Biscuits and cakes, Biscuits	riboflavin,niacin	2024-02-09
Kroger, fruit gummies, gummi bears	Kroger	Snacks, Sweet snacks, Confectioneries	sorbitol	2024-02-09
lidl chunky fish fingers	Lidl	Seafood,Fishes and their products,Fishes,Frozen fish fingers	Niacin	2024-09-01
Tree Top, Apple Cider Flavored Instant Drink Mix, Cranberry Apple	Maud Borup Inc.	Other	malic acid	2024-02-09
Baked Wheat Crackers	Meijer	Other	niacin	2024-02-09
Hot Ground Chorizo Sausage	Meijer	Meats and their products, Meats, Prepared meats, Sausages	sodium lactate,propyl gallate	2024-02-09
Triple Stuffed Olives	Napoleon, The Napoleon Co.	Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Pickles, Olive tree products, Plant-based pickles, Olives, Stuffed olives	lactic acid	2024-02-09
The Yellow Edition	Red Bull	Beverages,Carbonated drinks,Sodas,Energy drink with sugar,Energy drinks	calcium pantothenate,caffeine,niacinamide,taurine	2024-04-03
100% džus Multivitamín	Relax	en:Plant-based foods and beverages, Nápoje, en:Plant-based beverages, Džusy a nektary	biotin,niacin	2024-02-14
Roundy's, liquid coffee, hazelnut	Roundy's	Plant-based foods and beverages, Dairy substitutes, Milk substitutes, Creamer	acesulfame potassium,sodium benzoate,propylene glycol	2024-02-09
Roundy's, round top white bread	Roundy's	Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Cereals and potatoes, Breads	riboflavin,niacin	2024-08-22
Roundy's, very berry mix	Roundy's	Snacks	sulfur dioxide	2024-02-09
Whole mixed fruit	Roundy's	Snacks	sulfur dioxide	2024-02-09
Protein wafers vanille	Women's Best	Specific products, Products for specific diets	Niacin,Thiamine	2024-02-10
Active Wow Natural Mouthwash Tabs -- 60 Tablets	Active Wow	Beauty & Personal Care	microcrystalline cellulose, sorbitol, stearic acid, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
American Biotech Labs Silver Biotics Tooth Gel - Xylitol Glacial Mint -- 4 oz	American Biotech Labs	Beauty & Personal Care	carbomer, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Auromere Ayurvedic Mouthwash with Neem & Peelu -- 16 fl oz	Auromere	Beauty & Personal Care	geranium, catechu, glycerine, menthol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Densifying Hair Serum -- 1.76 oz	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	caprylyl glycol, butylene glycol, apigenin, arginine, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, gluconolactone, biotin, caffeine, tocopherol, dimethyl sulfone, disodium edta, tocopherol, glycerin, glycine, lactic acid, trisodium ethylenediamine disuccinate, oleanolic acid, phenoxyethanol, phenethyl alcohol, propanediol, sodium benzoate, sodium metabisulfite, sorbic acid, xylitol, zinc chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Glossy Rinse Hair Treatment -- 16 fl oz	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	denatonium benzoate, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, myristyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, Propylene glycol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Glossy Rinse Hair Treatment -- 8.45 fl oz	Babe Original	Beauty & Personal Care	denatonium benzoate, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, myristyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, Propylene glycol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biotene Dry Mouth Moisturizing Spray -- 1.5 fl oz	Biotene	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, methylparaben, propylparaben, sodium benzoate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biotene Dry Mouth Oral Rinse Fresh Mint -- 16 fl oz	Biotene	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylparaben, sodium phosphate, poloxamer 407, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biotene Oralbalance Dry Mouth Moisturizing Gel -- 1.5 oz	Biotene	Beauty & Personal Care	carbomer, Glycerin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Davids kids+adults Strawberry+Watermelon Toothpaste -- 5.25 oz	Davids	Beauty & Personal Care	Calcium carbonate, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Davids Premium Toothpaste Herbal Citrus Mint -- 5.25 oz	Davids	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, Calcium carbonate, menthol, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Davids Premium Toothpaste Peppermint -- 5.25 oz	Davids	Beauty & Personal Care	Calcium carbonate, wintergreen, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Davids Premium Toothpaste Peppermint & Charcoal -- 5.25 oz	Davids	Beauty & Personal Care	Calcium carbonate, wintergreen, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Davids Premium Toothpaste Spearmint -- 5.25 oz	Davids	Beauty & Personal Care	Calcium carbonate, wintergreen, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Davids Sensitive + Whitening with Nano-Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste Peppermint -- 5.25 oz	Davids	Beauty & Personal Care	hydroxyapatite, Calcium carbonate, wintergreen, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Coconut Oil Dual Phase Pulling Rinse -- 8 fl oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	ascorbic acid, glycerin, wintergreen, phytic acid, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Coconut Oil Mouthwash Coconut Mint -- 16 fl oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, ascorbic acid, calcium ascorbate, citric acid, glycerin, phytic acid, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Coconut Oil Toothpaste -- 6.25 oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium ascorbate, glycerin, Calcium carbonate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium bicarbonate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Gel Toothpaste For Kids Tutti Frutti -- 4.7 oz	Desert Essence	Baby & Kids Products	Glycerin, rebaudioside-a, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Natural Neem Mouthwash Cinnamint -- 16 fl oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, ascorbic acid, calcium ascorbate, citric acid, goldenseal, glycerin, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Duke Cannon Superior Grade Shaving Cream -- 6 oz	Duke Cannon	Beauty & Personal Care	Caprylyl Glycol, Citric Acid, Allantoin, Cetyl Alcohol, Citric Acid, Ethylhexylglycerin, Glycerin, Hexylene Glycol, Myristic Acid, Phenoxyethanol, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emerita Intimate Moisturizer -- 4 fl oz	Emerita	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, citric acid, allantoin, citric acid, disodium edta, glycerin, hydroxyethylcellulose, retinyl palmitate, sorbitol, squalane, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Epic Dental Toothpaste Xylitol Kid-Safe Spearmint -- 4.9 oz	Epic Dental	Baby & Kids Products	xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Epic Dental Xylitol Gum Sugar-Free Cinnamon -- 12 Pieces	Epic Dental	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Epic Dental Xylitol Gum Sugar-Free Cinnamon -- 50 Pieces	Epic Dental	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Epic Dental Xylitol Gum Sugar-Free Fresh Fruit -- 12 Pieces	Epic Dental	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Epic Dental Xylitol Gum Sugar-Free Fresh Fruit -- 50 Pieces	Epic Dental	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Epic Dental Xylitol Gum Sugar-Free Peppermint -- 12 Pieces	Epic Dental	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Epic Dental Xylitol Gum Sugar-Free Peppermint -- 50 Pieces	Epic Dental	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Epic Dental Xylitol Gum Sugar-Free Spearmint -- 12 Pieces	Epic Dental	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Epic Dental Xylitol Gum Sugar-Free Spearmint -- 50 Pieces	Epic Dental	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Epic Dental Xylitol Mints Sugar-Free Cinnamon -- 180 Pieces	Epic Dental	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Epic Dental Xylitol Mints Sugar-Free Fresh Fruit -- 180 Pieces	Epic Dental	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Epic Dental Xylitol Mints Sugar-Free Peppermint -- 180 Pieces	Epic Dental	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Epic Dental Xylitol Mouthwash Spearmint -- 16 fl oz	Epic Dental	Beauty & Personal Care	ascorbic acid, glycerin, sodium benzoate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Beaver Natural Toothpaste Cinnamon -- 2.5 fl oz	Green Beaver	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Beaver Natural Toothpaste Frosty Mint -- 2.5 fl oz	Green Beaver	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium ascorbate, glycerin, menthol, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Beaver Natural Toothpaste Green Apple -- 2.5 fl oz	Green Beaver	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium ascorbate, glycerin, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Beaver Natural Toothpaste Spearmint -- 2.5 fl oz	Green Beaver	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium ascorbate, glycerin, citrus, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Green Beaver Natural Toothpaste Zesty Orange -- 2.5 fl oz	Green Beaver	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium ascorbate, glycerin, menthol, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hager Pharma Dry Mouth Drops with Xylitol Cherry -- 2 oz	Hager Pharma	Beauty & Personal Care	malic acid, Sugar, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hager Pharma Dry Mouth Drops with Xylitol Melon -- 2 oz	Hager Pharma	Beauty & Personal Care	malic acid, Sugar, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hager Pharma Dry Mouth Drops with Xylitol Mint -- 2 oz	Hager Pharma	Beauty & Personal Care	Sugar, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Advanced Prebiotic & Probiotic -- 20 billion CFU - 60 Vegetable Capsules	Havasu Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Xylooligosaccharide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Activated Charcoal Epic Whitening Fluoride Toothpaste -- 4 oz	Hello	Beauty & Personal Care	cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerin, sodium cocoyl glutamate, titanium dioxide, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Activated Charcoal Extra Freshening Mouthwash Natural Fresh Mint -- 16 fl oz	Hello	Beauty & Personal Care	erythritol, poloxamer 407, sodium benzoate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Activated Charcoal Whitening Fluoride Free Toothpaste -- 4 oz	Hello	Beauty & Personal Care	cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium cocoyl glutamate, titanium dioxide, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Antiplaque & Whitening Fluoride Free Toothpaste Natural Peppermint -- 4.7 oz	Hello	Beauty & Personal Care	erythritol, calcium carbonate, rebaudioside a, sodium bicarbonate, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Kids Fluoride Free Toothpaste Watermelon -- 4.2 oz	Hello	Baby & Kids Products	erythritol, titanium dioxide, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Kids Fluoride Toothpaste Dragon Dazzle Blue Raspberry -- 4.2 oz	Hello	Baby & Kids Products	cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerin, rebaudioside a, sodium cocoyl glutamate, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Kids Fluoride Toothpaste Magical Mermaid Orange Dreamsicle -- 4.2 oz	Hello	Baby & Kids Products	erythritol, potassium citrate, rebaudioside a, sodium bicarbonate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Kids Fluoride Toothpaste Unicorn Sparkle Bubblegum -- 4.2 oz	Hello	Baby & Kids Products	cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerin, sodium cocoyl glutamate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Kids Fluoride-Free Rinse Natural Watermelon -- 16 fl oz	Hello	Baby & Kids Products	citric acid, citric acid, erythritol, poloxamer 407, potassium citrate, sodium benzoate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Mighty Multi-Tasker Fluoride Toothpaste Mint -- 4 oz	Hello	Beauty & Personal Care	cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerin, rebaudioside a, sodium citrate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, sorbitol, xylitol, zinc phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Mouthwash Concentrate Clean Mint -- 3.25 fl oz	Hello	Beauty & Personal Care	erythritol, propanediol, rebaudioside a, sodium benzoate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Mouthwash Concentrate Fresh Mint -- 3.25 fl oz	Hello	Beauty & Personal Care	erythritol, propanediol, rebaudioside a, sodium benzoate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Naturally Whitening Fluoride Toothpaste -- 4.7 oz	Hello	Beauty & Personal Care	cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerin, calcium carbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, titanium dioxide, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Toothpaste Fluoride Free Super Fresh -- 4.7 oz	Hello	Beauty & Personal Care	cocamidopropyl betaine, erythritol, sodium cocoyl glutamate, titanium dioxide, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Heritage Store Hydrogen Peroxide Mouthwash HPM plus White -- 16 fl oz	Heritage Store	Beauty & Personal Care	menthol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Heritage Store Ipsab Whitening Toothpaste Fresh Mint -- 4.23 oz	Heritage Store	Beauty & Personal Care	sodium bicarbonate, soda, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Heritage Store Activated Charcoal Whitening Toothpaste Fresh Mint -- 5.1 oz	Heritage Store	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas Methyl B-12 - Extra Strength -- 1000 mcg - 100 Chewable Tablets	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas Methyl B-12 - Maximum Strength -- 5000 mcg - 60 Chewable Tablets	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas Methyl B-12 & Methyl Folate -- 100 Chewable Tablets	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas Methyl B-12 & Methyl Folate -- 60 Chewable Tablets	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, microcrystalline cellulose, Vitamin B6, rebaudioside A, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jarrow Formulas Methyl B-12 Regular Strength - Vegan Cherry -- 500 mcg - 100 Chewable Tablets	Jarrow Formulas	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Kids Only! Toothpaste Strawberry -- 4.2 oz	Jason	Baby & Kids Products	panthenol, calcium carbonate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium sulfate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Chocolate -- 12 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Chocolate -- 24 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Chocolate -- 80 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Strawberry -- 12 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Strawberry -- 24 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Vanilla -- 12 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Vanilla -- 24 oz	Jay Robb	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL B-6 B-12 Folic Acid Dropins™ Natural Mixed Berry -- 2 fl oz	KAL	Vitamins & Supplements	Folate, Vitamin B6, stevia, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kal D-3 Sugarless Chewables Cinnamon -- 2000 IU - 100 Chewables	KAL	Vitamins & Supplements	cellulose, stearic acid, sucrose, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kal GABA L-Thenine Stress B Lozenge Natural Mango Tangerine -- 100 Lozenges	KAL	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, cellulose, fructose, Folate, GABA, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Thiamine, Cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kal Vitamin D-3 Peppermint -- 1000 IU - 200 Chewables	KAL	Vitamins & Supplements	dextrin, cellulose, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kiss My Face Self Tanning Firming Mousse -- 3 fl oz	Kiss My Face	Beauty & Personal Care	methylpropanediol, citric acid, caffeine, citric acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, dihydroxyacetone, erythrulose, glycerin, phenoxyethanol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kiss My Face Sensitive Toothpaste Fluoride Free Whitening Gel Citrus Mint -- 4.5 oz	Kiss My Face	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, menthol, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kiss My Face Triple Action Toothpaste Herbal Mint Gel -- 4.5 oz	Kiss My Face	Beauty & Personal Care	Co-Q10, glycerin, menthol, stevia, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, ubiquinone, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean BCAA + Peak ATP - NSF Certified for Sport Natural Orange -- 9.1 oz	Klean Athlete	Professional Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, L-Isoleucine, malic acid, L-Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Endurance - NSF Certified for Sport Natural Orange Vanilla -- 90 Chewable Tablets	Klean Athlete	Professional Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, D-Ribose, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Melatonin Liquid Spray - NSF Certified for Sport Natural Raspberry Lemonade -- 1.7 fl oz	Klean Athlete	Professional Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Melatonin, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Zinc- NSF Certified for Sport Natural Orange -- 100 Chewable Tablets	Klean Athlete	Professional Supplements	mannitol, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life Extension FLORASSIST® Oral Hygiene -- 30 Lozenges	Life Extension	Vitamins & Supplements	dextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Life-Flo Biotin Drops Dietary Supplement Natural Vanilla -- 2 fl oz	Life-Flo	Vitamins & Supplements	Biotin, Vitamin D3, stevia, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Little DaVinci Kids Immuni-Z Immune Support Natural Lemon -- 60 Lozenges	Little DaVinci	Professional Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Biotin Beauty Strawberry -- 10000 mcg - 60 Tablets	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	Biotin, malic acid, maltodextrin, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Biotin Fast Dissolve Strawberry -- 5000 mcg - 90 Tablets	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	Biotin, malic acid, maltodextrin, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol High Absorption Magnesium Cranberry Apple -- 60 Chewable Tablets	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, malic acid, maltodextrin, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Melatonin Strawberry -- 3 mg - 150 Fast-Dissolve Tablets	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	malic acid, Melatonin, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Melatonin Fast Dissolve Citrus -- 10 mg - 100 Tablets	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	malic acid, maltodextrin, Melatonin, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Melatonin Fast Dissolve Strawberry -- 5 mg - 90 Tablets	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	malic acid, maltodextrin, Melatonin, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Melatonin Sleep Fast Dissolve Strawberry -- 1 mg - 90 Tablets	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	malic acid, maltodextrin, Melatonin, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Melatonin Sleep Fast Dissolve Strawberry -- 5 mg - 150 Tablets	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	malic acid, maltodextrin, Melatonin, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Sleep+ Calm Fast Dissolve Raspberry -- 60 Tablets	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, maltodextrin, Melatonin, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Vitamin B-12 Fast Dissolve Strawberry -- 5000 mcg - 100 Tablets	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	malic acid, maltodextrin, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natrol Vitamin D3 Fast Dissolve Strawberry -- 5000 IU - 90 Tablets	Natrol	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin D3, maltodextrin, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Naturade Pea Protein™ Vegan Shake Vanilla -- 15.6 oz	Naturade	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Vitamin C, fructose, erythritol, maltodextrin, potassium citrate, Vitamin A, sodium citrate, calcium phosphate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Balance Maximum Strength Liquid Biotin Dietary Supplement Citrus -- 5000 mcg - 2 fl oz	Natural Balance	Vitamins & Supplements	Biotin, Folic Acid, Malic acid, Sodium Benzoate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Chewable Ginger -- 500 mg - 90 Chewable Tablets	Natural Factors	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	microcrystalline cellulose, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors DGL Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract -- 90 Chewable Tablets	Natural Factors	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Stress-Relax Suntheanine L-Theanine -- 100 mg - 120 Chewable Tablets	Natural Factors	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, stearic acid, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Stress-Relax® Tranquil Sleep -- 120 Chewable Tablets	Natural Factors	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, citric acid, Melatonin, stearic acid, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriBiotic Nasal Spray Plus -- 1 fl oz	NutriBiotic	Vitamins & Supplements	ascorbic acid, goldenseal, glycerin, tocophersolan, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ola Botanicals Premium Dental Care Toothpaste with Tulsi Mint -- 3 oz	Ola Botanicals	Beauty & Personal Care	sodium bicarbonate, xylitol, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Lean and Healthy Pea Protein Chocolate -- 13 Servings	Olympian Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Lean and Healthy Pea Protein Vanilla -- 17.4 oz	Olympian Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Pea Protein Vanilla -- 26.7 oz	Olympian Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
OraCoat XyliMelts Dry Mouth Stick-On Melts Mild Mint -- 80 Melts	OraCoat	Beauty & Personal Care	sodium bicarbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
OraCoat XyliMelts Dry Mouth Stick-On Melts Slightly Sweet -- 80 Melts	OraCoat	Beauty & Personal Care	sodium bicarbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
OraCoat Xylimelts Dry Mouth Stick-On-Melts Slightly Sweet -- 40 Lozenges	OraCoat	Beauty & Personal Care	sodium bicarbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
OraCoat Xylimelts Dry Mouth Stick-On-Melts™ Mild Mint -- 40 Lozenges	OraCoat	Beauty & Personal Care	sodium bicarbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Peelu Chewing Gum with Xylitol Cinnamon Sass -- 100 Pieces	Peelu	Beauty & Personal Care	rebaudioside A, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Peelu Chewing Gum with Xylitol Cinnamon Sass -- 300 Pieces	Peelu	Beauty & Personal Care	rebaudioside A, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Peelu Chewing Gum with Xylitol Citrus Breeze -- 100 Pieces	Peelu	Beauty & Personal Care	Vitamin C, rebaudioside A, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Peelu Chewing Gum with Xylitol Citrus Breeze -- 300 Pieces	Peelu	Beauty & Personal Care	Vitamin C, malic acid, rebiana, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Peelu Chewing Gum with Xylitol Peppermint Blast -- 100 Pieces	Peelu	Beauty & Personal Care	rebiana, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Peelu Chewing Gum with Xylitol Peppermint Blast -- 300 Pieces	Peelu	Beauty & Personal Care	rebaudioside A, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Peelu Chewing Gum with Xylitol Spearmint -- 100 Pieces	Peelu	Beauty & Personal Care	rebaudioside A, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Peelu Chewing Gum with Xylitol Spearmint -- 300 Pieces	Peelu	Beauty & Personal Care	rebiana, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Perioe POP Prebiotic Microbiome Sensitive Care Toothpaste Clean Mint -- 4.2 oz	Perioe	Beauty & Personal Care	sodium gluconate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium hydroxide, sorbitol, titanium dioxide, sucralose, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Perioe POP Prebiotic Microbiome Total Care Toothpaste Fresh Mint -- 4.2 oz	Perioe	Beauty & Personal Care	butylene glycol, arginine, glycerin, sodium lauryl sulfate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sorbitol, titanium dioxide, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pharmax Chewable Vitamin D Natural Blackcurrant -- 1000 IU - 90 Chewable Tablets	Pharmax	Professional Supplements	Vitamin D3, Sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SFI Health Vital-Zymes Chewable Natural Cherry -- 180 Chewable Tablets	SFI Health	Professional Supplements	Lipase, Cellulase, mannitol, Stearic acid, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Plaque Removing & Whitening Toothpaste Peppermint -- 5.5 oz	Simple Truth	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium bicarbonate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sprinjene Natural Cavity Protection Toothpaste with Black Seed Oil & Zinc -- 3.5 oz	Sprinjene Natural	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, xylitol, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sprinjene Natural Fluoride Free Toothpaste with Black Seed Oil & Zinc -- 3.5 oz	Sprinjene Natural	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, xylitol, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Anti-Cavity Xylitol Toothpaste with Aloe and Fluoride Peppermint -- 5 oz	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	erythritol, stevia, sodium benzoate, titanium dioxide, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Anti-Cavity Xylitol Toothpaste with Aloe and Fluoride Spearmint -- 5 oz	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	erythritol, glycerin, sodium benzoate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Anti-Plaque and Tartar Control Xylitol Toothpaste - Fluoride-Free Peppermint -- 5 oz	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	erythritol, glycerin, sodium benzoate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Anti-Plaque and Tartar Control Xylitol Toothpaste - Fluoride-Free Spearmint -- 5 oz	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	erythritol, stevia, sodium benzoate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Oral Rinse with Xylitol Spearmint -- 16 fl oz	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Cinnamon -- 10 Pieces Each / 20 Pack	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Cinnamon -- 100 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Cinnamon -- 550 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Fruit -- 10 Pieces Each / 20 Pack	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, malic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Fruit -- 100 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, malic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Fruit -- 550 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, malic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Peppermint -- 10 Pieces Each / 20 Pack	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Peppermint -- 100 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Peppermint -- 550 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Spearmint -- 10 Pieces Each / 20 Pack	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Spearmint -- 100 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Spearmint -- 550 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Mint Natural Berryblast -- 45 Mints Each / Pack of 6	Spry	Food & Beverages	calcium lactate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Mint Natural Peppermint -- 45 Mints Each / Pack of 6	Spry	Food & Beverages	calcium lactate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Mints Natrual Cinnamon -- 240 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium lactate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Mints Natural Berryblast -- 1200 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium lactate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Mints Natural Berryblast -- 240 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium lactate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Mints Natural Cinnamon -- 1200 Mints	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium lactate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Mints Natural Cinnamon -- 45 Mints Each / 6 Pack	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium lactate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Mints Natural Peppermint -- 240 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium lactate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Kids Anti-Cavity Gel Toothpaste Bubblegum -- 5 oz	Spry	Baby & Kids Products	erythritol, glycerin, sodium benzoate, titanium dioxide, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Kids Gel Toothpaste Fluoride Free Bubblegum -- 5 oz	Spry	Baby & Kids Products	erythritol, stevia, sodium benzoate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Kids Mouth Wash with Xylitol Bubble Gum -- 16 fl oz	Spry	Baby & Kids Products	citric acid, chamomile, citric acid, erythritol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Kids Tooth Gel with Xylitol Bubble Gum -- 2 fl oz	Spry	Baby & Kids Products	xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Kids Tooth Gel with Xylitol Original -- 2 fl oz	Spry	Baby & Kids Products	xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Kids Tooth Gel with Xylitol Strawberry Banana -- 2 fl oz	Spry	Baby & Kids Products	xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Moisturizing Mouth Gel Original -- 2 oz	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Moisturizing Mouth Gel Spearmint -- 2 oz	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Moisturizing Mouth Spray with Xylitol -- 4.5 fl oz	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Mouth Wash Healing Blend with Xylitol - Alcohol-Free Herbal Mint -- 16 fl oz	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	chamomile, ascorbic acid, CoQ10, erythritol, potassium nitrate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry SparX Candy with 100% Xylitol Citrus -- 1.06 oz Each / Pack of 6	Spry	Food & Beverages	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry XyloSweet -- 1 lb	Spry	Food & Beverages	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry XyloSweet -- 100 Packets	Spry	Food & Beverages	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry XyloSweet -- 3 lbs	Spry	Food & Beverages	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Stevita Naturals Hum Gum Sugar-Free Natural Fruit -- 12 Pieces	Stevita Naturals	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, glycerine, maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Stevita Naturals Hum Gum Sugar-Free Natural Spearmint -- 12 Pieces	Stevita Naturals	Food & Beverages	glycerine, maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Stevita Naturals Hum Sugar Free Gum Cinnamon -- 12 Pieces	Stevita Naturals	Food & Beverages	glycerine, maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Stevita Naturals Hum Sugar Free Gum Peppermint -- 12 Pieces	Stevita Naturals	Food & Beverages	glycerine, maltitol, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Stevita Naturals Stevia with Xylitol Supreme -- 50 Packets	Stevita Naturals	Food & Beverages	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Terry Naturally HRG80 Red Ginseng Energy Chewable -- 30 Chewable Tablets	Terry Naturally	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	gamma cyclodextrin, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Humble Co Bamboo Toothbrush Travel Kit with Toothpaste Floss and Cotton Swabs -- 1 Kit	The Humble Co	Beauty & Personal Care	cocamidopropyl betaine, limonene, rebaudioside A, sodium benzoate, titanium dioxide, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Natural Dentist Healthy Gums Toothpaste Peppermint Twist -- 5 oz	The Natural Dentist	Beauty & Personal Care	cocamidopropyl betaine, sorbitol, titanium dioxide, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Natural Dentist Healthy Teeth & Gums™ All In One Fluoride Toothpaste Peppermint Twist -- 5 oz	The Natural Dentist	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, citric acid, cocoamidopropyl betaine, goldenseal, sorbitol, titanium dioxide, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Natural Dentist Heathy White Pre-Brush Rinse Clean Mint -- 16 fl oz	The Natural Dentist	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, citric acid, menthol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Natural Dentist Kids Cavity Zapper Fluoride Gel Toothpaste Not Yucky Grape -- 5 oz	The Natural Dentist	Baby & Kids Products	cocamidopropyl betaine, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Seaweed Bath Co Heat Care Conditioner - Lime Papaya -- 12 fl oz	The Seaweed Bath Co	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, ascorbic acid, astaxanthin, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, tocopherol, panthenol, ectoin, ethyl linoleate, ethyl oleate, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, vitamin E, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, vitamin B5, sodium phosphate, sodium benzoate, trehalose, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Seaweed Bath Co Heat Care Shampoo - Lime Papaya -- 12 fl oz	The Seaweed Bath Co	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, ascorbic acid, astaxanthin, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, tocopherol, panthenol, ectoin, ethyl linoleate, ethyl oleate, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, vitamin E, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, vitamin B5, sodium phosphate, sodium benzoate, trehalose, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
TheraNeem Neem Mouthwash Cinnamon Therapé -- 16 fl oz	TheraNeem	Beauty & Personal Care	ascorbic acid, glycerin, poloxamer 407, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
TheraNeem Neem Mouthwash Herbal Mint Therapé -- 16 fl oz	TheraNeem	Beauty & Personal Care	ascorbic acid, glycerin, poloxamer 407, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
TheraNeem Neem Toothpaste Mint -- 4.23 oz	TheraNeem	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research ConcenTrace® Mineral Mouth Rinse Mint -- 16 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, citric acid, colloidal silver, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Sugar Free Citrus -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Electrolyte Stamina Power Pak Sugar Free Orange Mango -- 30 Packets	Trace Minerals Research	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	orange, Vitamin C, Boron, Chloride, Chromium, Folate, malic acid, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Potassium Citrate, Vitamin B6, Selenium, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Liquid Magnesium Natural Tangerine -- 300 mg - 16 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Chloride, citric acid, Citrate, Citrate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Trace Minerals Research Liquid Multi Vitamin-Mineral Tropical Mixed Berry -- 30 fl oz	Trace Minerals Research	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, Biotin, Boron, Calcium Citrate, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Manganese, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, Thiamine, Tricalcium Phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tree Hugger Classic Bubble Gum Sweetened with 100% Xylitol -- 1.41 oz	Tree Hugger	Food & Beverages	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Adult Multi-Vitamin Mineral -- 16 fl oz	Tropical Oasis	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin Hydrochloride, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Ionized Trace Minerals -- 16 fl oz	Tropical Oasis	Vitamins & Supplements	xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Joint Complete Premium -- 32 fl oz	Tropical Oasis	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Methylsulfonylmethane, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Liquid B-Complex -- 16 fl oz	Tropical Oasis	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Biotin, Choline, citric acid, Folic Acid, Inositol, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Liquid Glucosamine Chondroitin -- 16 fl oz	Tropical Oasis	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, Methylsulfonylmethane, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Mega Premium Multi-Vitamin -- 32 fl oz	Tropical Oasis	Vitamins & Supplements	PABA, Vitamin C, Biotin, Choline, CoQ10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Vitamin B3, PABA, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Premium Calcium Magnesium -- 16 fl oz	Tropical Oasis	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, Vitamin D3, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Premium Calcium Magnesium Liquid -- 32 fl oz	Tropical Oasis	Vitamins & Supplements	Boron, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tropical Oasis Sleep-A-Weigh Plus -- 32 fl oz	Tropical Oasis	Weight Management	citric acid, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, Vitamin C, citric acid, GABA, L-Lysine, Melatonin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitafusion Fiber Well Sugar Free Gummies Peach Strawberry Berry -- 5 g - 90 Gummies	Vitafusion	Vitamins & Supplements	malic acid, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Earth Minerals Vital Joint Support Passion Fruit Tangerine -- 32 fl oz	Vital Earth Minerals	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Xlear All Natural Saline Nasal Spray -- 1.5 fl oz	Xlear	Vitamins & Supplements	xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Xlear MAX Saline Nasal Spray with Capsicum -- 1.5 fl oz	Xlear	Vitamins & Supplements	xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Xlear Natural Sinus Rinse with Xylitol -- 1 Kit	Xlear	Vitamins & Supplements	Sodium Bicarbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Xlear Rescue Nasal Spray -- 1.5 fl oz	Xlear	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	glycerin, sodium bicarbonate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
XyliChew Non-GMO Soft Chewing Gum Black Licorice -- 60 Pieces	XyliChew	Food & Beverages	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
XyliChew Non-GMO Soft Chewing Gum Cinnamon -- 60 Pieces	XyliChew	Food & Beverages	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
XyliDent Dry Mouth Moisturizing Spray Cool Mint -- 2 fl oz	XyliDent	Beauty & Personal Care	benzyl alcohol, glycerin, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
XyliDent Dry Mouth Tablets Cinnamon -- 100 Tablets	XyliDent	Beauty & Personal Care	malic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
XyliDent Dry Mouth Tablets Orange -- 100 Tablets	XyliDent	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, citric acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
XyliDent Dry Mouth Tablets Peppermint -- 100 Tablets	XyliDent	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
XyliDent Dry Mouth Tablets Pomegranate Raspberry -- 100 Tablets	XyliDent	Beauty & Personal Care	malic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
XyliDent Dry Mouth Tablets Watermelon -- 100 Tablets	XyliDent	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid, citric acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
XyliDent Dry Mouth Tablets Wintergreen -- 100 Tablets	XyliDent	Beauty & Personal Care	Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
XyliDent Retainer Cleaning Tablets -- 75 Effervescent Tablets	XyliDent	Beauty & Personal Care	citric acid anhydrous, potassium bicarbonate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Xylitol USA Xynase™ Nasal Spray -- 0.75 fl oz	Xylitol USA	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Ashwagandha Liquid Blueberry -- 1 fl oz Each / Pack of 12	Youtheory	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	citric acid, calcium citrate, citric acid, malic acid, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Relax Magnesium Powder Stress Formula + L-Theanine Berry -- 4.4 oz	Youtheory	Vitamins & Supplements	leaf, GABA, L-glycine, stevia, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler DMG -- 500 mg - 90 Chewable Tablets	Zahler	Vitamins & Supplements	Dimethylglycine, malic acid, mannitol, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zand Immune Fast™ Sweet Elderberry -- 30 Chewable Tablets	Zand	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, cellulose, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zand Immune Fast™ Zesty Orange -- 30 Chewable Tablets	Zand	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, cellulose, stearic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zenwise Chewable Papaya Enzymes Berry -- 60 Tablets	Zenwise	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, citric acid, Cellulase, citric acid, malic acid, mannitol, stearic acid, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zenwise Chewable Papaya Enzymes -- 30 Tablets	Zenwise	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, citric acid, Cellulase, citric acid, malic acid, mannitol, stearic acid, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zenwise Digestive Enzyme Mints Berry -- 30 Chewable Tablets	Zenwise	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, citric acid, Cellulase, citric acid, malic acid, mannitol, stearic acid, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zenwise Digestive Enzyme Mints Peppermint -- 30 Chewable Tablets	Zenwise	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Cellulase, mannitol, stearic acid, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Creatine Chews Pink Lemonade -- 60 Chews	Zhou	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, citric acid, Creatine, erythritol, Vitamin B12, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Methyl B-12 Natural Cherry -- 60 Micro Lozenges	Zhou	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, citric acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zion Health Claybrite Activated Charcoal Toothpaste Natural Mint -- 4 oz	Zion Health	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, menthol, sodium bicarbonate, sorbitol, calcium phosphate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zion Health ClayBrite White Natural Toothpaste with Xylitol Green Tea Extract Natural Mint -- 4 oz	Zion Health	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, menthol, sodium bicarbonate, sorbitol, calcium phosphate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zion Health Mineral Toothpaste Fluoride Free ClayBrite Extra Natural Mint -- 3.2 oz	Zion Health	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, menthol, sodium bicarbonate, sorbitol, calcium phosphate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Metabolism	1496	1108
Carbohydrate metabolism	173	120
Formation of xylulose-5-phosphate	5	15
Xylitol Degradation	9	17
Renz2020 - GEM of Human alveolar macrophage with SARS-CoV-2	0	490
D-glucuronate degradation	2	12
L-arabinose degradation I	3	10
L-arabinose degradation II	5	8
D-xylose degradation II	2	5
xylitol degradation	6	12
ribitol degradation	1	14
D-glucuronate degradation I	2	21
D-arabinose degradation II	0	12
D-arabinose degradation I	4	19
superpathway of pentose and pentitol degradation	46	61
xylose degradation II	0	5
Biochemical pathways: part I	0	466

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.4910	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	40.5579	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	4.9407	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID1159527; AID1159531
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.9328	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.9061	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID1259244; AID1259248; AID743069
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.0981	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID743202
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	37.6858	0.0316	22.3146	100.0000	AID588579
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	9.7970	0.0015	57.7890	15,848.9004	AID1259244
Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	9.7970	0.0015	51.7393	15,848.9004	AID1259244
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID219915	Binding affinity against Xylose isomerase	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13	SMall Molecule Growth 2001 (SMoG2001): an improved knowledge-based scoring function for protein-ligand interactions.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	996 (33.97)	18.7374
1990's	295 (10.06)	18.2507
2000's	471 (16.06)	29.6817
2010's	840 (28.65)	24.3611
2020's	330 (11.26)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	293 (9.46%)	5.53%
Reviews	203 (6.55%)	6.00%
Case Studies	35 (1.13%)	4.05%
Observational	3 (0.10%)	0.25%
Other	2,563 (82.76%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.	2.36	2	0	3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body	metabolite
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.07	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2.41	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	8.25	6	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	8.02	43	2	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	2.89	4	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	2.13	1	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
acetoin [no description available]	2.4	2	0	methyl ketone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	metabolite
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	3.05	5	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	3.12	5	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
arsenic acid arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.	1.96	1	0	arsenic oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
benzene [no description available]	1.95	1	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	7.49	4	4	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
2,3-butylene glycol 2,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-2,3-diol : A butanediol in which hydroxylation is at C-2 and C-3.	3.86	3	0	butanediol; glycol; secondary alcohol
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.39	2	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	2.99	4	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino-acid anion
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	5.57	9	2	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.	3.06	5	0	amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
carnitine [no description available]	9.07	2	1	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	4.65	7	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	8.21	5	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	6.53	17	3	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	5.71	14	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.92	4	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.31	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	2.31	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	2.21	1	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	2.11	1	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	2.39	2	0	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	1.97	1	0	C4-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
trimetaphosphoric acid trimetaphosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclotriphosphoric acid : The cyclic anhydride of triphosphoric acid.	3.88	3	0	cyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; inorganic heterocyclic compound; phosphorus oxoacid
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	11.47	9	5	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
phosphoglycolate phosphoglycolate: RN given refers to parent acid. 2-phosphoglycolic acid : The O-phospho derivative of glycolic acid.	2.01	1	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
creatine [no description available]	2	1	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	12.2	52	9	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dihydroxyacetone phosphate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate: An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.. dihydroxyacetone phosphate : A member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent.	1.95	1	0	glycerone phosphates; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone [no description available]	3.25	6	0	ketotriose; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antifungal agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	3.09	5	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
ethanolamine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	1.96	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	9.94	12	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	2.36	2	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	11.87	108	5	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid [no description available]	2	1	0	glycerol monophosphate	algal metabolite; human metabolite
glycolaldehyde [no description available]	1.96	1	0	glycolaldehydes	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.	2.37	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol	keratolytic drug; metabolite
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	5.59	18	1	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	2.87	4	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	10.52	12	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	2.03	1	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	3.45	1	1	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	4.26	3	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	3.39	1	1	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
methylmercaptan methylmercaptan: intermediate in the manufacturing of jet fuels, pesticides, fungicides, plastics, synthesis of methionine; odor may cause nausea; narcotic in high concentrations; depresses urea biosynthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0	alkanethiol	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	2.41	2	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	4.12	15	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	3.66	10	0	cyclitol; hexol
naphthalene [no description available]	7.15	1	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.1	1	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.38	2	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	3.09	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.67	3	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	10.26	17	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.39	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.01	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phenol [no description available]	8.15	5	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenethylamine phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.01	1	0	alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.74	3	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	2.89	4	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	2.68	3	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphorylethanolamine phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain.	2	1	0	phosphoethanolamine; primary amino compound	algal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	4.1	3	1	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.36	2	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	6.15	6	2	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pteridines [no description available]	2.74	3	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	8.49	2	0	purine
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	3.37	1	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	7.87	4	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	6.41	13	1	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
selenious acid Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.	2.13	1	0	selenium oxoacid
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	2.74	3	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.46	2	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	3.21	5	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
taurine [no description available]	2.92	4	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	2.36	2	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	1.95	1	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethylamine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	5.66	20	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	10.6	66	6	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	6.34	21	2	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	4.66	8	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	3.78	2	1	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	3.28	6	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.01	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid: structure. 2,4-DB : A monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy group. A selective post-emergence herbicide.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	2.64	3	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	6.72	10	1	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	1.95	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
theophylline [no description available]	2.87	4	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.	1.94	1	0	barbiturates
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	1.97	1	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
benzamidine benzamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzamidine : A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group.	2.01	1	0	benzenes; carboxamidine	serine protease inhibitor
benzethonium Benzethonium: Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.	2.04	1	0	alkylbenzene
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	3.39	1	1	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	1.95	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
caffeine [no description available]	3.36	7	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	1.97	1	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	10.43	4	1	pyridinium ion
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.35	2	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.21	1	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	3.37	1	1	clonidine; imidazoline
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.06	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	9.65	5	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	1.99	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	3.4	1	1
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	2.01	1	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	7.17	1	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	1.96	1	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	1.94	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.	1.99	1	0	pyrazoles	antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.52	2	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	2.77	3	0
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	2.45	2	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.87	4	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	2.15	1	0	methoxybenzenes
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	2.75	3	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
halothane [no description available]	1.95	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	1.97	1	0	barbiturates
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	10.19	8	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	7.45	2	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	3.29	6	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2	1	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.35	2	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.	2	1	0	diarylmethane
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.54	2	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
oxonic acid Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.	2.36	2	0	1,3,5-triazines; monocarboxylic acid
oxymetazoline Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.	2.21	1	0	carboxamidine; imidazolines; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	2.02	1	0	aromatic amine
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	1.95	1	0	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	1.95	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	2.44	2	0	phenols
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	1.95	1	0	aromatic amine
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	1.95	1	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	1.95	1	0	acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
prilocaine Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	1.94	1	0	amino acid amide; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticonvulsant; local anaesthetic
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	7.35	2	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.64	3	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	12.88	16	1	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
sebacic acid sebacic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.	2.21	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
sodium fluoride [no description available]	10.45	52	23	fluoride salt	mutagen
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.73	3	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	5.12	15	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
triclosan [no description available]	12.03	9	3	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
xylometazoline xylometazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	8.48	1	1	alkylbenzene
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2.68	3	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
corticosterone [no description available]	2.87	4	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.64	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	3.51	2	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	20.1	463	60	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	2.63	3	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.39	2	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	5.15	3	1	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
aldosterone [no description available]	9.05	3	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	3.79	2	1	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	1.94	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	1.99	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	4.3	4	1	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	5.06	8	0	guanidines
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	7.68	3	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	9.12	16	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.64	3	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	3.22	6	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	8.08	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.9	4	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	2.35	2	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	17.11	265	28	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	1.96	1	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.35	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine [no description available]	4.07	3	1	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	3.05	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	6.76	47	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.08	5	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.03	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	4.19	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
phlorhizin [no description available]	2.35	2	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	2.37	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.64	3	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
4-toluenesulfonic acid 4-toluenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; other RNs in 9th CI Form Index. toluene-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a methyl group.	3.01	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; toluenes
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	4.92	12	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aniline [no description available]	2.06	1	0	anilines; primary arylamine
cytidine diphosphate Cytidine Diphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate.	2.05	1	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	5.44	20	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	1.98	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	1.94	1	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cytidine triphosphate Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	1.96	1	0	cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.35	2	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.02	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.07	1	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	2.35	2	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.93	4	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	10.84	95	2	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	2.25	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2.64	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.44	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	2.72	3	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.75	3	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.37	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cordycepin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	4.47	5	1	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	10.66	15	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	2.01	1	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.11	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	2.02	1	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
tert-amyl alcohol 2-methylbutan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is propan-1-ol in which both of the hydrogens at position 1 have been replaced by methyl groups.	2.01	1	0	aliphatic alcohol; tertiary alcohol	protic solvent
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	2.04	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	2.05	1	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	2.77	3	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	1.95	1	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
acrylamide [no description available]	2.02	1	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2.04	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.	2.6	1	0	a peroxy acid	disinfectant; oxidising agent
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	2.08	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	1.94	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.8	3	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	4.17	3	1	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.41	2	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.. 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate : A ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate : A derivative of alpha-D-ribose having a phosphate group at the 5-position and a diphosphate at the 1-position.	3.34	7	0	5-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol : A primary alcohol that is methanol in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group.	7.1	1	0	oxolanes; primary alcohol	protic solvent
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	4.21	16	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	2.31	1	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	3.96	13	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	2.13	1	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
cyclamic acid Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent.	6.29	16	0	sulfamic acids	environmental contaminant; human xenobiotic metabolite
boric acid [no description available]	1.99	1	0	boric acids	astringent
acrolein [no description available]	2.52	2	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
allylamine Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.	2.07	1	0	alkylamine
glyoxal [no description available]	2.25	1	0	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.44	2	0	alkane
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.41	2	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	2.41	2	0	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
piperidine [no description available]	7.25	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
stearyl alcohol octadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.. octadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eighteen carbon atoms.	1.99	1	0	long-chain primary fatty alcohol; octadecanol	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
eicosane icosane : A straight chain alkane composed of 20 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the leaves of Agave attenuata.	2.52	2	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite
n(1)-acetylphenylhydrazine [no description available]	1.96	1	0
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.64	3	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
propylene propylene: structure	2.02	1	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	refrigerant; xenobiotic
pentaerythritol pentaerythritol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6904. pentaerythritol : A tetrol that is neopentane in which one of the methyl hydrogens of all four methyl groups are replaced by hydroxy groups. It is a chemical intermediate used in the production of explosives, plastics, paints, appliances, and cosmetics.	1.96	1	0	primary alcohol; tetrol	flame retardant; laxative
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	1.94	1	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
uridine diphosphate glucose Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.	1.96	1	0	UDP-D-glucose	fundamental metabolite
syringaldehyde syringaldehyde: isolated from nonfermented fiber fractions of oat hulls and cottonseed hulls. syringaldehyde : A hydroxybenzaldehyde that is 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5. Isolated from Pisonia aculeata and Panax japonicus var. major, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.97	4	0	dimethoxybenzene; hydroxybenzaldehyde	hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
oxythiamine Oxythiamine: Thiamine antagonist, antimetabolite.. oxythiamine(1+) : A 1,3-thiazolium cation that is 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole alkylated at the N3 position by a (2-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-5-yl)methyl group.	2.36	2	0	1,3-thiazolium cation	antimetabolite; vitamin B1 antagonist
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.02	1	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexanoic acid hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.48	2	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	9.8	2	1	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.	1.96	1	0	organic chloride salt; vitamin B1
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.01	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
thiazoles [no description available]	2.9	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	2.07	1	0	organic cation
methylphenazonium methosulfate Methylphenazonium Methosulfate: Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE.	2.36	2	0	azaheterocycle sulfate salt; phenazines
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	1.95	1	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.	2.38	2	0	pseudohalide anion; sulfur molecular entity	human metabolite
benzoylarginine-2-naphthylamide Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide: An enzyme substrate which permits the measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g. trypsin and thrombin. The enzymes liberate 2-naphthylamine, which is measured by colorimetric procedures.. N-{5-carbamimidamido-1-[(naphthalen-2-yl)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl}benzamide : A member of the class of N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamides that is 5-carbamimidamido-N-(naphthalen-2-yl)pentanamide in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a benzamido group.	1.95	1	0	arginine derivative; benzamides; N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	1.95	1	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	1.94	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
cyanamide Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.	2.38	2	0	nitrile; one-carbon compound	EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	3.09	5	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
hopane hopane: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.01	1	0	terpenoid fundamental parent; triterpene
ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.	2	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate	colour indicator; human metabolite
lumazine lumazine: structure. 2,4-dihydroxypteridine : Any dihydroxypteridine in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 2 and 4.. lumazine : A 2,4-dihydroxypteridine.	2.01	1	0	2,4-dihydroxypteridine
sodium carbonate sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure	3.53	1	1	carbonate salt; organic sodium salt
isomaltose [no description available]	4.29	4	1
1,3-propanediol propane-1,3-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,3-diols, consisting of propane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, viscous, water-miscible liquid with a high (210degreeC) boiling point, it is used in the synthesis of certain polymers and as a solvent and antifreeze.	2.17	1	0	propane-1,3-diols	metabolite; protic solvent
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.46	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source	2	1	0	diarylmethane
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	3.8	10	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	4.01	14	0	organic molecular entity
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.	1.96	1	0
cellobiose beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.	3.69	9	0	cellobiose	epitope
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	2.6	1	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.13	1	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
violacein [no description available]	2.08	1	0
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	3.67	3	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.44	2	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.	1.96	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; arylmercury compound
levulinic acid levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.	2.08	1	0	oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
galactitol [no description available]	5.78	17	0	hexitol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
1-methyluracil 1-methyluracil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-methyluracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil with a methyl group substituent at position 1.	2.04	1	0	nucleobase analogue; pyrimidone	metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	8.8	2	1	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	3.05	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
calcium lactate [no description available]	8.41	1	1
benzoylarginine nitroanilide Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide: A chromogenic substrate that permits direct measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g., papain and trypsin, by colorimetry. The substrate liberates p-nitroaniline as a chromogenic product.	1.95	1	0
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	5.14	10	1
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	2.48	2	0	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.6	8	0	alkali metal hydroxide
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	1.96	1	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	3.79	3	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	3.05	1	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.37	2	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	2.06	1	0
pseudouridine [no description available]	2.25	1	0	pseudouridines	fundamental metabolite
isonicotinamide isonicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is the monocarboxylic acid amide derivative of isonicotinic acid.	2.17	1	0	pyridinecarboxamide
bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate: The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.	2.04	1	0	diarylmethane
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd	7.13	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	3.7	1	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
3-phenylpropylamine 3-phenylpropylamine : A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group.	2.01	1	0	benzenes; phenylalkylamine; primary amino compound
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	3.96	4	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	2.37	2	0	primary alcohol
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	2.37	2	0	thujene	plant metabolite
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	10.72	27	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	1.98	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
zinc carbonate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	organooxygen compound
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	4.08	3	1	carbon oxoanion
fructosamine Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.	2.79	3	0
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant	3.45	2	0	dioxolane
ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate: structure. ammonium nitrate : The ammonium salt of nitric acid.	2.02	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic molecular entity; inorganic nitrate salt	explosive; fertilizer; oxidising agent
olaflur Olaflur: cariostatic agent	3.45	1	1
lanthanum [no description available]	1.95	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	4.78	10	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	2.64	3	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	2.38	2	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	7.52	2	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2.11	1	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	2.25	1	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	3.36	1	1	manganese group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.37	2	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.6	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	7.15	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	2.31	1	0	titanium group element atom
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	7.36	2	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	3.27	6	0	N-acetyl-D-glucosamine	epitope
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	2.05	1	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	2.6	1	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
sodium pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.	2.11	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	chelator; food emulsifier; food thickening agent
sodium sulfate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
sodium sulfite [no description available]	2.04	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	food preservative; reducing agent
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	4.09	3	1	calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05	1.96	1	0	calcium phosphate	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	8.89	15	2	calcium phosphate
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	2.03	1	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	2.42	2	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	1.95	1	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.01	1	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	7.26	19	1
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	9.89	3	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.07	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt	nutraceutical
ancitabine Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.	2.25	1	0	diol; organic heterotricyclic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.46	1	1
rhamnose [no description available]	1.99	1	0	L-rhamnose
tricalcium silicate tricalcium silicate: might be used as injectable bioactive cement	2.07	1	0
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	2.35	2	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
fluorides [no description available]	15.73	107	26	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	3.11	5	0	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
iodine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
neohesperidin dihydrochalcone neohesperidin dihydrochalcone : A member of the dihydrochalcones that is 3,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone attached to a neohesperidosyl residue at position 4' via glycosidic linkage. It is found in sweet orange.	3.46	2	0	dihydrochalcones; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	5.86	23	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	1.96	1	0	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
pyrrolidine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	azacycloalkane; pyrrolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
carbamide peroxide Carbamide Peroxide: A urea peroxide compound that is commonly used in tooth whitening agents; topical anti-infective agents, and earwax remover.. urea hydrogen peroxide : A mixture obtained by combining equimolar amounts of hydrogen peroxide and urea.	2.05	1	0	mixture	disinfectant; oxidising agent; reagent
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	4.28	4	1
alkenes [no description available]	2.48	2	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	8.67	10	0	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.39	2	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
glucaric acid Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.	2.66	3	0	glucaric acid	antineoplastic agent
torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.	1.99	1	0
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	1.97	1	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
7-ethoxycoumarin 7-ethoxycoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by an ethoxy group.	6.96	1	0	aromatic ether; coumarins
acetylgalactosamine Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.	2.68	3	0	N-acetyl-D-hexosamine; N-acetylgalactosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
acetosulfame acetosulfame: RN given refers to parent cpd. acesulfame : A sulfamate ester that is 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by a methyl group at position 6.	3.76	3	0	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle; sulfamate ester	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	3.37	1	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	9.09	3	1	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitroaniline nitroaniline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for nitro moiety. nitroaniline : A substituted aniline that carries one or more nitro groups.	2.4	2	0
sodium molybdate(vi) sodium molybdate(VI): RN given refers to molybdic acid, di-Na salt. sodium molybdate (anhydrous) : An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.	2.08	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	poison
vanillyl alcohol vanillyl alcohol: structure. vanillyl alcohol : A monomethoxybenzene that is 2-methoxyphenol substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 4.	2.15	1	0	benzyl alcohols; guaiacols	plant metabolite
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid: deblocking reagent for peptide synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd. triflic acid : A one-carbon compound that is methanesulfonic acid in which the hydrogens attached to the methyl carbon have been replaced by fluorines.	2.01	1	0	one-carbon compound; perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	2.17	1	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.	2.08	1	0
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	3.57	8	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.93	4	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.	2.01	1	0	anhydro sugar	human metabolite
abbott 77003 Abbott 77003: a symmetry-based inhibitor of HIV-1 protease	2.01	1	0
amprenavir [no description available]	2.01	1	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.08	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2	1	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-aspartic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; rat metabolite
gallocatechol gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii.	2.08	1	0	gallocatechin	antioxidant; metabolite; radical scavenger
norvaline norvaline: differs from valine in being 1 carbon longer instead of branched; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-2-aminopentanoic acid : A 2-aminopentanoic acid that has S-configuration.	2.07	1	0	2-aminopentanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	bacterial metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	2.35	2	0	iodine oxoacid
fluorophosphate fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd	10.5	8	2	fluorine molecular entity; phosphoric acid derivative
2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid: also known as NeuAc2en, but this is also synonym for another compound. 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid : N-Acetylneuraminic acid reduced across the 2,3-bond with loss of the hydroxy group at C-2; it is a minor component of body fluids although abundant in sialuria.	2.01	1	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids
4-fluorobenzylamine [no description available]	2.01	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.03	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	4.07	3	1	anthocyanidin chloride
brinzolamide brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent	2.01	1	0	sulfonamide; thienothiazine	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
tyrosyltyrosine tyrosyltyrosine: RN given refers to all-(L)-isomer. tyrosyltyrosine : A dipeptide comprising tyrosine with a tyrosyl residue attached to the alpha-nitrogen.. Tyr-Tyr : Tyrosyltyrosine in which each tyrosine residue has L-configuration.	3.7	1	1	tyrosyltyrosine	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
dipropylacetamide dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.	1.99	1	0	fatty amide	geroprotector; metabolite; teratogenic agent
trichlorosucrose trichlorosucrose: sweetness intensity roughly 600 times that of sucrose and is nonnutritive and noncaloric; largely unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. sucralose : A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.	11.36	8	2	disaccharide derivative; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
a 76889 A 76889: backbone structure gvien in first source	2.01	1	0
methanesulfonamide [no description available]	2.01	1	0
ribose-5-phosphate ribose-5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.1	1	0	D-ribose 5-phosphate
4-phenylbutylamine 4-phenylbutylamine: used as a drug partition into lipid bilayers in a cubic liquid-crystalline phase. 4-phenylbutylamine : A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.	2.01	1	0	benzenes; phenylalkylamine; primary amino compound
coenzyme a [no description available]	1.94	1	0	adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate	coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-thio-d-glucose 5-thio-D-glucose: RN given refers to 5-thio-D-glucose	3.1	1	0
d-glucitol, 6-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-, mixture with 1-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-d-mannitol Palatinit: mixture of 1,6-mannitol glucopyranoside & 1,6-sorbitol glucopyranoside that affects de- and remineralization; non-cariogenic. 1-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol : A 1-O-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol that has alpha configuration at the anomeric centre.	4.58	8	0	(2xi)-6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-arabino-hexitol; 1-O-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.39	2	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
equol Equol: A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines.	2.08	1	0	hydroxyisoflavans
6-phosphogluconic acid gluconic acid-6-phosphate: structure. 6-phospho-D-gluconate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid.. 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid phosphate having the phosphate group at the 6-position. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.	2.01	1	0	gluconic acid phosphate	fundamental metabolite
methylglucoside [no description available]	2.41	2	0
3-fluorotyrosine 3-fluorotyrosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.96	1	0	fluoroamino acid; fluorophenol; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative
1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propanone 1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-one : A secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone that is benzene which is substituted by a 1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl group at position 1.	4.23	1	0	benzenes; methyl ketone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	3.06	5	0
arabitol arabitol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. arabinitol : A pentitol that is the sugar alcohol produced by the reduction of arabinose or lyxose. It is found in serum or urine of human infected with Candida albicans.. D-arabinitol : The D-enantiomer of arabinitol.	6.68	71	0	arabinitol
1,2-hexanediol [no description available]	2.07	1	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	3.84	11	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
nitrophenylgalactosides Nitrophenylgalactosides: Includes ortho-, meta-, and para-nitrophenylgalactosides.. 2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactoside having a 2-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.	1.96	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; C-nitro compound	chromogenic compound
adenosine-5'-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2	1	0	purine nucleoside
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	4.17	5	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
fructose 2,6-diphosphate fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.07	1	0	D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyridinoline pyridinoline: 3-hydroxypyridinium derivative collagen crosslink; structure	2	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
deoxypyridinoline deoxypyridinoline: structure given in first source	2	1	0
epicatechin gallate epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.	2.08	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	2.97	4	0
ribonolactone ribonolactone: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribono-1,4-lactone : A five-membered form of ribonolactone having D-configuration.	1.98	1	0	butan-4-olide; ribonolactone	metabolite
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	2.4	2	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trehalose-6-phosphate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	trehalose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite
ribulose-1,5 diphosphate ribulose-1,5 diphosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate : A ribulose phosphate that is D-ribulose attached to phosphate groups at positions 1 and 5. It is an intermediate in photosynthesis.	2.15	1	0	ribulose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
aerobactin [no description available]	1.98	1	0	L-lysine derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; siderophore; virulence factor
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.	2.25	1	0	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antigen
phenyl-d-galactopyranoside phenyl-D-galactopyranoside: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.96	1	0
hypothiocyanite ion hypothiocyanite ion: structure	1.96	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	2.01	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	3.11	5	0
n-acetylseryl-leucyl-asparaginyl(phenylalanyl-hydroxyethylamino-prolyl)isoleucyl-valyl methyl ester N-acetylseryl-leucyl-asparaginyl(phenylalanyl-hydroxyethylamino-prolyl)isoleucyl-valyl methyl ester: inhibitor of HIV Protease; structure given in first source; RN given is for (S-(R,R)) isomer	2.01	1	0
risarestat [no description available]	2.38	2	0	thiazolidinone
aspartame [no description available]	10.3	7	0	carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
h 142 H 142: decapeptide inhibitor of human renin; RN given refers to all L-isomer	2.01	1	0
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	10.85	408	0	D-xylose
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	8.02	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	2.41	1	0
h 256 H 256: heptapeptide inhibitor of pepsin	2.01	1	0
4-o-methylglucuronic acid 4-O-methylglucuronic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.07	1	0
ribitol-5-phosphate D-ribitol 5-phosphate : The 5-phospho derivative of D-ribitol.	3.28	6	0	ribitol 5-phosphate
threonic acid threonic acid: RN given refers to (R,S)-isomer	7.4	2	0	threonic acid
ribulose ribulose: 5-carbon keto sugar; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PENTOSES (75-85); RN given refers to (erythro)-isomer	5.1	14	0	ribulose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
4-nitrophenyl-alpha-l-arabinofuranoside [no description available]	2.15	1	0
5-hydroxypyrazinamide 5-hydroxypyrazinamide: metabolite of pyrazinamide	3.37	1	1	carboxamide; pyrazines
gulonic acid gulonic acid: RN given refers to (D)-isomer. gulonic acid : A hexonic acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde group of gulose to a carboxylic acid group.	1.95	1	0	gulonic acid
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.78	3	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
lactitol lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.	6.49	5	1	glycosyl alditol	cathartic; excipient; laxative
glucosone glucosone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2	1	0	ketoaldohexose
5-hydroxypyrazinoic acid 5-hydroxypyrazinoic acid: metabolite of pyrazinamide	3.37	1	1
calcium pyrophosphate [no description available]	1.96	1	0
sedoheptulose 7-phosphate sedoheptulose 7-phosphate : A ketoheptose phosphate consisting of sedoheptulose having a phosphate group at the 7-position. It is an intermediate metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway.	2.11	1	0	ketoheptose phosphate; sedoheptulose derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cytidine diphosphate ribitol cytidine diphosphate ribitol: serves as the donor of ribitol residues for teichoic acid biosynthesis; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE SUGARS (75-83). CDP-ribitol : A nucleotide-alditol having cytosine as the nucleobase and ribitol as the alditol portion.	2.63	2	0	nucleotide-alditol
n-valyltryptophan N-valyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.01	1	0	peptide
iron (3+) oxalate Sensodyne: a commercial dentifrice; contains 5% potassium nitrate, 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate in a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate base	2.04	1	0
threitol threitol: RN given refers to (R,R)-isomer. D-threitol : The D-enantiomer of threitol.	2.68	3	0	threitol	human metabolite
(3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride [no description available]	2.25	1	0
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	15.26	72	0
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	2.02	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.11	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
cp 71362 [no description available]	2.01	1	0
chlorite [no description available]	2.6	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
ad 5467 AD 5467: structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
erythritol [no description available]	14.28	76	8	butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol	antioxidant; human metabolite; plant metabolite
cortisone [no description available]	3.45	2	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	3.56	8	0	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
propargylamine propargylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.02	1	0
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	7.25	1	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
sorbinil sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.	3.98	4	0	azaspiro compound; chromanes; imidazolidinone; organofluorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.	2.06	1	0
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate: An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate : An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms.	1.95	1	0	glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate	mouse metabolite
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	4.91	12	0
ribulose 5-phosphate ribulose 5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of ribulose 5-phosphate that is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway.. ribulose 5-phosphate : A ribulose phosphate in which the phosphate group is attached at position 5.	2.47	2	0	ribulose 5-phosphate	mouse metabolite
xylulose-5-phosphate, (d)-isomer D-xylulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of xylulose 5-phosphate.	2.77	3	0	xylulose 5-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sorbose sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.	3.77	11	0	L-sorbose; sorbopyranose
arabinose [no description available]	7.53	72	0	L-arabinose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	2.64	3	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
polygalacturonic acid galacturonic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-galactopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid : The D-enantiomer of galacturonic acid. It is the main component of pectin.	2.25	1	0	D-galacturonic acid
lyxose D-lyxose : Any lyxose having D-configuration.. D-lyxopyranose : The pyranose form of D-lyxose.	2.65	3	0	D-lyxose
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.15	1	0
d-tagatose D-tagatopyranose : The pyranose form of D-tagatose.	4.48	5	1	D-tagatose
galactose beta-D-galactose : A D-galactopyranose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.. beta-D-galactoside : Any D-galactoside having beta-configuration at its anomeric centre.	2.01	1	0	D-galactopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.35	2	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
xylobiose xylobiose: RN given refers to D-xylose. xylobiose : A glycosylxylose that is D-xylopyranose having a beta-D-xylopyranosyl residue attached at position 4 via a glycosidic bond.	4.51	20	0	glycosylxylose	bacterial metabolite
isomaltulose 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose : A glycosylfructose that is D-fructofuranose attached to a alpha-D-glucopyranosyl unit at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. It is found in honey and sugarcane.	9.05	3	1	glycosylfructose	animal metabolite; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	7.05	1	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer	3.36	1	1
7-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-(1-d-ribityl)lumazine photolumazine C: inhibitor of riboflavin synthetase; isolated from Photobacterium phosphoreum; structure. 6-methyl-7-oxo-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine (2-oxo tautomer) : A D-ribityl derivative of pteridine that is a potent inhibitor of riboflavin synthetase.. 6-methyl-7-oxo-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine (2-hydroxy tautomer) : A pteridine that is lumazine substituted by methyl and oxo groups at C-6 and -7 respectively as well as a 1-D-ribityl group on N-8.. 7-hydroxy-6-methyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine : The pteridine that is lumazine substituted with a methyl group at C-6, a hydroxy group at C-7 and a 1-D-ribityl group at N-8.	2.21	1	0	pteridines	EC 2.5.1.9 (riboflavin synthase) inhibitor
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	3.72	9	0	cellotriose
psicose, (d)-isomer [no description available]	2.11	1	0	monosaccharide
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.25	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	3.04	4	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
mometasone furoate Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders.	2.21	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; organochlorine compound; steroid ester	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
stevioside stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.	7.63	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; diterpene glycoside; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	2.1	1	0
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	4.13	3	1	cyclodextrin
maleic acid maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.	2.41	1	0	butenedioic acid	algal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.13	1	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	2.42	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fumaric acid fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.48	2	0	butenedioic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	4.33	4	1	farnesol	plant metabolite
phosphoramidon phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.	2.01	1	0	deoxyaldohexose phosphate; dipeptide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.37	2	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
phosphonoacetohydroxamate phosphonoacetohydroxamic acid : The hydroxamate of phosphonoacetic acid.	2.01	1	0	hydroxamic acid; organic phosphonate
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.39	2	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2.01	1	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	5.07	7	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	3.2	4	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
a 76928 A 76928: a diol with C2-symmetry	2.01	1	0
xk 263 [no description available]	2.01	1	0
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	12.11	34	9	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
tetragastrin Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence.	6.95	1	0	peptidyl amide; tetrapeptide	anxiogenic; human metabolite
formycin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	formycin	antineoplastic agent
isofagomine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	piperidines
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	oligopeptide
imidazolidines [no description available]	3.98	4	0	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
steviol steviol: aglucon of stevioside; RN given refers to (4alpha)-isomer. steviol : An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is 5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid in which the hydrogen at position 13 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.08	1	0	bridged compound; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid; tertiary allylic alcohol; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	1.99	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	9.59	8	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
maltitol maltitol : An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute.	9.43	22	9	alpha-D-glucoside; glycosyl alditol	laxative; metabolite; sweetening agent
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	8.13	5	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	2.76	2	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	2.52	2	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
glycosides [no description available]	4.59	8	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	3.74	3	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.68	3	0	isomethyleugenol
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	2.99	4	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	6.48	10	5	diphosphate ion
amygdalin [no description available]	2.06	1	0
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	8.37	1	1	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.21	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	16.29	304	22	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium: structure in first source. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium : A 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium in which the alkyl substituent at C-1 is butyl.	2.11	1	0	1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
nadp [no description available]	8.45	62	1
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.78	3	0
5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium chloride 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyltetrazolium: a fluorescent redox probe used to provide direct visualization of actively respiring bacteria	2.1	1	0
erythronic acid erythronic acid : The erythro-isomer of 2,3,4-trihydroxybutanoic acid.. D-erythronic acid : An erythronic acid in which the stereocentres at positions 2 and 3 both have R-configuration (the D-enantiomer).. erythronate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any erythronic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.05	1	0	erythronic acid
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	2.11	1	0
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	2.52	2	0	alkali metal atom
quinine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
glycyllysine glycyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Lys : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-lysine residues.	2.01	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
leucine hydroxamate leucine hydroxamate: RN given refers to (S)-isomer	2.01	1	0
1-deoxyfructose 1-deoxyfructose: RN given refers to (D)-isomer	1.96	1	0	organic molecular entity
xylose-glucose [no description available]	2.21	1	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	5.37	7	2	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes	2.11	1	0
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	3.41	1	1
hydroxyethylcellulose hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.	2.04	1	0
kojibiose [no description available]	7.25	1	0
quercetin [no description available]	7.4	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	12.55	30	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sterigmatocystin [no description available]	1.95	1	0	sterigmatocystins	metabolite
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.01	1	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	2.67	3	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	2.66	3	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	3.55	2	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	1.99	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	1.95	1	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
gamma-linolenic acid gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.	2.08	1	0	linolenic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.02	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	3.11	1	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	1.96	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	7.48	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
cellodextrin cellodextrin: can be metabolized by some yeast species. cellooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide with between two and about 20 D-glucose residues connected by mixed alpha and beta (1->4) glycosidic linkages.. cellodextrin : A dextrin of varying length (two or more glucose monomers) resulting from cellulolysis, the breakdown of cellulose.	2.08	1	0	glucotriose	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
maltotriitol maltotriitol: RN given refers to (D)-isomer	2.05	1	0	oligosaccharide
xylulose [no description available]	6.88	37	0	xylulose	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.	2.11	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	2.36	2	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	5.21	3	1	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
lasalocid Lasalocid: Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.. lasalocid : A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.	2.6	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; oxanes; oxolanes; polyether antibiotic; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; coccidiostat; ionophore
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	2	1	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
sedoheptulose [no description available]	2.45	2	0	ketoheptose
deoxyribose [no description available]	2.37	2	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
iditol iditol: RN refers to L-isomer. L-iditol : The L-enantiomer of iditol.	1.93	1	0	iditol	fungal metabolite; human metabolite
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	2.92	4	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.66	3	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
thyronines Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.	1.96	1	0	thyronine
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	2.05	1	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	5.62	10	2	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	7.1	1	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	2.01	1	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
streptomyces pepsin inhibitor [no description available]	2.01	1	0
cp 81282 CP 81282: structure given in first source; inhibits human renin and endothiapepsin	2.01	1	0
triolein Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.	2.35	2	0	triglyceride	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	2.31	1	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
cinidon-ethyl Lotus: A genus of the PEA FAMILY. The genus Lotus, formerly known as Tetragonolobus, is unrelated to other plants with the common name of lotus (NELUMBO and NYMPHAEA).. cinidon ethyl : A carboxylic ester and organochlorine compound that is the ethyl ester of cinidon.	2.06	1	0	ethyl ester; isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	2.72	3	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	2.02	1	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	8.75	50	2
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	2.07	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one: antineoplastic, non-toxic fungal steroid. ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one : An ergostanoid that is (22E)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis.	2.02	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; ergostanoid	fungal metabolite
salacinol salacinol: a sulfated thiosugar from Salacia reticulata (CELASTRACEAE); structure in first source	2.02	1	0
beta-escin [no description available]	2.39	2	0
D-xylonic acid xylonic acid: sugar acid that can be obtained by the complete oxidation of xylose. xylonic acid : A pentonic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of the aldehyde group of aldehydo-xylose to the corresponding carboxylic acid.. D-xylonic acid : A xylonic acid with D configuration.	3.51	1	0	xylonic acid
rebaudioside a rebaudioside A: glucoside isolated from the leaves of the paraguayan shrub, Stevia rebaudiana; has taste properties superior to stevioside; structure in first source. rebaudioside A : A rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside.	7.94	3	0	beta-D-glucoside; rebaudioside; tetracyclic diterpenoid	sweetening agent
bromopyruvate [no description available]	2.1	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	2.36	2	0	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	13.06	43	19	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.11	1	0
ogt2378 sinbaglustat: an antineopl agent; structure in first source	7.05	1	0
ibuprofen arginine ibuprofen arginine: trade name Spedifen	2.17	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.15	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
2'-deoxy-4'-thiocytidine 2'-deoxy-4'-thiocytidine: RN & structure given in first source	2	1	0
galidesivir [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.	7.23	54	0	D-ribose; ribopyranose
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	9.36	37	9	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	3.82	2	1
2,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene oleocanthal: newly pressed extra-virgin olive oil contains oleocanthal, acting as a natural anti-inflammatory compound that has a potency and profile strikingly similar to that of ibuprofen; structure in first source. oleocanthal : A carboxylic ester that is the 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of (3S)-4-formyl-3-(2-oxoethyl)hex-4-enoic acid. Oleocanthal is found in olive oil but it is not clear whether the natural product is a mixture of E/Z isomers or a single isomer as the two isomers readily interconvert in solution; most pharmacological studies will have been performed using a mixture.	2.21	1	0
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	1.95	1	0
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	2	1	0
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	2	1	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	4.15	6	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	8.08	73	1	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3,6-anhydrogalactose 3,6-anhydrogalactose: structure in first source	2.15	1	0	aldehyde; anhydrohexose
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	3.7	1	1
motilin Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.	8.36	1	1
2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl o-(2,3-di-o-benzylxylopyranosyl)(1-4)-o-(2,3-di-o-benzoylxylopyranosyl)-(1-4)-o-(2,3-di-o-benzylxylopyranosyl)-(1-4)-2,3-di-o-benzoylxylopyranoside 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl O-(2,3-di-O-benzylxylopyranosyl)(1-4)-O-(2,3-di-O-benzoylxylopyranosyl)-(1-4)-O-(2,3-di-O-benzylxylopyranosyl)-(1-4)-2,3-di-O-benzoylxylopyranoside: structure given in first source	2.25	1	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	1.95	1	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	8.47	26	3	peptide hormone
oligonucleotides [no description available]	1.99	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	3.7	1	1
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	4.83	4	2
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	11.66	92	2	glycoside
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	1.94	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	3.16	5	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
xylitol 5-phosphate xylitol 5-phosphate(2-) : Dianion of xylitol 5-phosphate arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.	8.51	8	0	organophosphate oxoanion
silicate cement Silicate Cement: A relatively hard, translucent, restorative material used primarily in anterior teeth. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p50)	2.07	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	4.66	5	1
invert sugar invert sugar: mixture of approx 50% dextrose & 50% levulose obtained by acid hydrolysis of cane sugar	1.96	1	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	1.95	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sodium stearyl fumarate sodium stearyl fumarate: an excipient	2.04	1	0
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	2.08	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	2.13	1	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arabinogalactan [no description available]	3.88	2	1
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	2.02	1	0
mannans [no description available]	2.15	1	0
glycolipids [no description available]	2.44	2	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.51	2	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	5.77	2	2
fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer	2.03	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	2.71	3	0
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.35	2	0
phenyliminoribitol phenyliminoribitol: inhibits inosine-guanosine hydrolase; structure given in first source	4.61	8	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	7.51	16	1	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	4.18	5	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	1.98	1	0
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	3.04	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.17	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	1.96	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	1.96	1	0
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	2.4	2	0	ketal
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	8.81	3	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	8.72	19	1
technetium tc 99m sulfur colloid Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.	3.35	1	1
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	1.94	1	0
xylotriose [no description available]	4.41	18	0
hexenuronic acid [no description available]	2.11	1	0
daptomycin [no description available]	2.97	4	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	3.06	1	0
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	2.1	1	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	5.17	5	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	5.34	7	2
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	5.1	10	1
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	1.95	1	0
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.25	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.36	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2.11	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	1.95	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	2.25	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	2.66	3	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	4.46	5	1	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.11	1	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
inosine [no description available]	5.97	8	1	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	1.98	1	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	2.42	2	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	1.96	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.25	1	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	3.76	3	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
forodesine forodesine: structure in first source	2.02	1	0	dihydroxypyrrolidine; pyrrolopyrimidine
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	2.03	1	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
formycins Formycins: Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.	1.99	1	0
methanopterin methanopterin: isolated from Methanobacterium thermautotrophicum. methanopterin : A member of the class of methanopterins obtained by formal dehydrogenation at positions 5, 6, 7 and 8 of tetrahydromethanopterin. The parent of the class of methanopterins	2.41	2	0	methanopterins
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	3.48	8	0
fructooligosaccharide [no description available]	4.96	7	1	oligosaccharide
maltodextrin maltodextrin : A dextrin in which the D-glucose units are linked by alpha-(1->4) glycosidic bonds.	2.57	2	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	1.98	1	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	2.01	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	2.38	2	0
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	2.41	2	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	4.7	9	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	4.7	9	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	16.49	30	7
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	18.45	233	71
Diathesis [description not available]	4.24	3	1
Acne [description not available]	7.31	1	0
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	2.31	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	12.11	12	3
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.74	3	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	4.99	2	1
Caries, Dental [description not available]	21.65	388	98
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	21.65	388	98
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	5.24	7	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	5.45	25	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	5.06	9	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	5.06	9	1
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	10.01	14	8
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	10.95	16	5
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	10.95	16	5
Chronic Illness [description not available]	8.95	14	3
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	7.91	8	4
Sinus Infections [description not available]	7.39	6	3
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	8.95	14	3
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	7.91	8	4
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	7.39	6	3
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	3.37	2	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	3.37	2	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	8.71	12	4
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	8.71	12	4
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	16.04	28	3
Flatus [description not available]	9.91	9	6
Flatulence Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.	9.91	9	6
Ileus A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.	6.57	3	3
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	10.41	65	2
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	14.75	42	16
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	14.75	42	16
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	7.46	25	2
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.6	1	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	9.7	15	6
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	9.7	15	6
Parodontosis [description not available]	7.38	10	1
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	7.38	10	1
Demineralization, Tooth [description not available]	8.25	20	6
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	3.52	4	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	3.85	12	0
Chickungunya Fever [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	4.39	21	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	2.49	2	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	2.6	1	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.6	1	0
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	2.6	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	4.39	21	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.6	1	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.88	4	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	2.49	2	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	2.6	1	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	2.6	1	0
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	3.52	4	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	3.85	12	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	5.29	7	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	5.29	7	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Asialia [description not available]	13.58	32	22
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	13.58	32	22
Biliary or Urinary Stones [description not available]	3.79	2	1
Canine Diseases [description not available]	7.55	16	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.56	8	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.56	8	0
Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Hyperoxaluria Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine.	2.25	1	0
Cholecystolithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the GALLBLADDER.	2.25	1	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	2.25	1	0
Polyuria Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).	2.42	2	0
Polydipsia Excessive thirst manifested by excessive fluid intake. It is characteristic of many diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS; and NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS. The condition may be psychogenic in origin.	2.25	1	0
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	2.25	1	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	8.64	1	1
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	3.64	1	1
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	6.44	10	1
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	6.44	10	1
Abscess, Peritonsillar [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.41	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.72	2	0
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency [description not available]	3.17	5	0
Gaucher Disease An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.	3.17	5	0
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	2.15	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	5.71	7	1
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	10.71	7	1
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.49	2	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.48	2	0
Sore Throat [description not available]	3.53	1	1
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	8.53	1	1
Infection, Wound [description not available]	5.02	5	0
Avian Diseases [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	6.56	18	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	11.56	18	0
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	4.26	3	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	4.71	3	2
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	4.48	1	1
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	4.48	1	1
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	4.23	6	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	4.23	6	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	7.39	2	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.21	1	0
Bilateral Nasal Obstruction [description not available]	4.49	2	2
Paranasal Sinus Diseases Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors.	3.59	1	1
Nasal Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY.	4.49	2	2
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	2.17	1	0
Mouth Ulcer [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Oral Ulcer A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)	2.21	1	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	6.72	4	2
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	6.72	4	2
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Emesis [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.	2.67	3	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.74	3	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	2.71	3	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	2.08	1	0
Caries, Cervical [description not available]	7.51	8	4
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Enlarged Liver [description not available]	3	1	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	3.01	1	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	3.01	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	12.93	32	9
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	8.79	2	1
Recrudescence [description not available]	5.27	5	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	3.64	3	0
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	3.64	3	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	3.21	6	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	3.21	6	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	5.91	13	2
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	7.43	6	3
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	6	27	1
ENT Diseases [description not available]	3.93	1	0
Lassitude [description not available]	4.41	1	1
Gulf War Syndrome [description not available]	4.41	1	1
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	4.41	1	1
Persian Gulf Syndrome Unexplained symptoms reported by veterans of the Persian Gulf War with Iraq in 1991. The symptoms reported include fatigue, skin rash, muscle and joint pain, headaches, loss of memory, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and extreme sensitivity to commonly occurring chemicals. (Nature 1994 May 5;369(6475):8)	4.41	1	1
Autolysis The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.	3.03	1	0
Female Genital Diseases [description not available]	3.5	1	1
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	3.5	1	1
Dermatitis, Irritant A non-allergic contact dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to irritants and not explained by delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms.	2.49	2	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	2.13	1	0
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Dental Diseases [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.	2.13	1	0
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.	3.04	1	0
Leanness [description not available]	3.51	1	1
Dermatoses [description not available]	3.58	3	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	3.58	3	0
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	5.02	3	1
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	4.73	3	2
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	4.73	3	2
Abrasion, Dental [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Pericementitis [description not available]	5.31	2	2
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	5.31	2	2
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	5.07	5	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	5.07	5	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Acetonemia [description not available]	2.89	4	0
Dental Deposit [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Tooth Erosion Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)	5.94	9	3
Urinary Lithiasis [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Urolithiasis Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER.	3.43	1	1
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available]	5.66	7	3
Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.	5.66	7	3
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.	3.43	1	1
Middle Ear Effusion [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Otitis Media with Effusion Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.	2.44	2	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	3.57	3	0
Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW.	2.05	1	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	3.57	3	0
Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.	2.05	1	0
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	4.28	4	1
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	2.05	1	0
Hypophosphatemia A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.	2.05	1	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	3.85	2	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	3.85	2	0
Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.	2.05	1	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	5.42	15	1
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	5.42	15	1
Tooth Loss The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.	4.78	2	1
Polyarthritis [description not available]	3.46	1	1
Dysphagia [description not available]	3.46	1	1
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	3.8	2	1
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.46	1	1
Burning Mouth Syndrome A group of painful oral symptoms associated with a burning or similar sensation. There is usually a significant organic component with a degree of functional overlay; it is not limited to the psychophysiologic group of disorders.	4.38	2	2
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	3.46	1	1
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	3.46	1	1
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	3.8	2	1
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	7.07	1	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.67	3	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	4.1	3	1
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	4.1	3	1
Calculus, Dental [description not available]	5.49	4	4
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	2.01	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	5.13	11	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	5.13	11	0
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	1.93	1	0
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).	1.93	1	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	2.01	1	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	2.01	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	8.47	8	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	3.23	6	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	3.23	6	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	3.47	8	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, M4 [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute A pediatric acute myeloid leukemia involving both myeloid and monocytoid precursors. At least 20% of non-erythroid cells are of monocytic origin.	2.01	1	0
Tooth Discoloration Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)	5.65	5	4
Sinusitis, Maxillary [description not available]	4.88	4	0
Maxillary Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.	4.88	4	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	2.37	2	0
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	2.02	1	0
B cepacia Infection [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Oxaluria, Primary [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hyperoxaluria, Primary A genetic disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of OXALATES in urine; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; early onset of RENAL FAILURE; and often a generalized deposit of CALCIUM OXALATE. There are subtypes classified by the enzyme defects in glyoxylate metabolism.	2.02	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	4.28	7	0
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Allergy, Food [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	7.65	3	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	2.02	1	0
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	2.02	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	4.62	6	1
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	2.68	3	0
Abdominal Cramps [description not available]	4.34	1	1
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	4.68	2	1
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	2.03	1	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	2.03	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	8	11	2
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	8.47	25	4
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	2.38	2	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	4.61	6	1
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	9.61	6	1
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	3.46	8	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	3.46	8	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	1.94	1	0
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	2.64	3	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	6.44	10	1
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	6.44	10	1
Candida Infection [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.66	3	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	4.38	8	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	3.34	7	0
Arterial Diseases, Cerebral [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cerebral Arterial Diseases Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.	1.96	1	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	2.36	2	0
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	3.34	7	0
Nutritional Disorders [description not available]	3.04	5	0
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.	3.04	5	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available]	4.44	5	1
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	4.03	3	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	4.03	3	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	3.2	6	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	1.95	1	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	2.36	2	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	5.46	11	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	5.22	12	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	5.22	12	0
Ache [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	2.64	3	0
Jaw, Edentulous, Partially Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla.	2.87	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	3.66	10	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	3.66	10	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	1.96	1	0
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase [description not available]	4.37	8	0
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.	4.37	8	0
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.35	2	0
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	2.65	3	0
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	3.05	5	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	1.95	1	0
Deficiency, Thiamine [description not available]	5.51	6	1
Thiamine Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)	5.51	6	1
Dentin, Secondary Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.	2.39	2	0
Corneal Edema An excessive amount of fluid in the cornea due to damage of the epithelium or endothelium causing decreased visual acuity.	1.98	1	0
Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.	3.37	1	1
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	2.91	4	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	4.62	3	2
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	4.62	3	2
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	3.37	1	1
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction [description not available]	4.25	4	1
Adrenal Insufficiency Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.	4.25	4	1
Colicky Pain [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	2.9	1	0
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.	2.4	2	0
Epulides [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Gingival Diseases Diseases involving the GINGIVA.	1.99	1	0
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	2.9	1	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	1.98	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	1.99	1	0
Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH.	3.3	2	0
Abnormality, Torsion [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	1.99	1	0
Aura [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	1.99	1	0
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	3.28	2	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	2.38	2	0
Binge Eating [description not available]	2	1	0
Bulimia Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.	2	1	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	3.27	2	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	3.75	2	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	3.27	2	0
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	1.95	1	0
Deficiency, Folic Acid [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	1.95	1	0
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	1.95	1	0
Folic Acid Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)	1.95	1	0
BH4 Deficiency [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).	2.87	1	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	8.05	5	0
Thalassemias [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.	1.95	1	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	4.75	5	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.87	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	3.56	3	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	3.56	3	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.86	4	0
Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	1.95	1	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	5.04	10	1
Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	1.95	1	0
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	1.95	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	1.95	1	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	2.35	2	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	2.35	2	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.35	2	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Classic Galactosemia [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Galactosemias A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)	2.35	2	0
Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.	1.95	1	0
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.95	1	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Anuria Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.	2.35	2	0
Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.	1.95	1	0
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	1.95	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	1.95	1	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	2.4	2	0
Sun Stroke [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	3.56	3	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	3.78	4	0
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	3.28	2	0
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)	1.95	1	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	2.86	4	0
Injuries, Multiple [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Gallbladder Dyskinesia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Biliary Dyskinesia A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION.	1.97	1	0
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	1.97	1	0
Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.	1.97	1	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Infection [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	1.97	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	1.97	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	1.97	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.36	2	0
Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.	1.96	1	0
Amyotonia Congenita [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	1.96	1	0
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	4.27	7	0
ALDOB Deficiency [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Alcohol Withdrawal Associated Autonomic Hyperactivity [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Psychoses, Alcoholic A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.	1.97	1	0
Erosive Duodenitis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Duodenitis Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER.	1.97	1	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	2.36	2	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	3.27	2	0
Nephrocalcinosis A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	6.96	1	0
Avitaminosis A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.88	1	0
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	1.95	1	0
Shock, Traumatic Shock produced as a result of trauma.	1.95	1	0
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	3.74	2	1
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	2.35	2	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	2.35	2	0
Prediabetes [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	1.95	1	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	1.95	1	0
Island Cell Tumor [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.	2.86	1	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.86	1	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	1.95	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	1.95	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	2.35	2	0
Kwashiorkor A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.86	1	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	1.94	1	0
Marasmus [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.	1.94	1	0
Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.	3.33	1	1
Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.	3.74	2	1
Alkalosis, Respiratory A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.33	1	1
Brain Swelling [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Linear Skull Fracture [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	1.95	1	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	1.95	1	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	1.95	1	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	1.95	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	1.95	1	0
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	6.95	1	0
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	1.95	1	0
Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.	1.95	1	0
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	1.94	1	0
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	1.94	1	0
Acidosis, Diabetic [description not available]	3.26	2	0
Diabetic Ketoacidosis A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.	3.26	2	0
Clostridium tetani Infection [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Tetanus A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.	2.35	2	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	1.94	1	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	1.94	1	0
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.	2.86	1	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	2.86	1	0
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).	2.86	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	1.94	1	0
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	7.35	2	0
Gall Bladder Diseases [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	1.94	1	0
Complications, Labor [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Lichen Simplex Chronicus [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Neurodermatitis An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus.	1.94	1	0
Cerebral Concussion [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Peptic Ulcer Perforation Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY.	1.94	1	0
Brain Concussion A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)	1.94	1	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Stunted Growth [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Methemoglobinemia The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.35	2	0
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	1.94	1	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	1.94	1	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	1.94	1	0
Reticulum Cell-Like Sarcoma, Yoshida [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Diabetic Coma A state of unconsciousness as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It occurs in cases of extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA or extreme HYPOGLYCEMIA as a complication of INSULIN therapy.	1.94	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	3.32	5	0
Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.	3.32	5	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.41	1	0
Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies [description not available]	4.38	5	0
Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle A heterogenous group of inherited muscular dystrophy that can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. There are many forms (called LGMDs) involving genes encoding muscle membrane proteins such as the sarcoglycan (SARCOGLYCANS) complex that interacts with DYSTROPHIN. The disease is characterized by progressing wasting and weakness of the proximal muscles of arms and legs around the HIPS and SHOULDERS (the pelvic and shoulder girdles).	4.38	5	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.52	2	0
alpha-Dystroglycanopathies [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	2.25	1	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	2.25	1	0
Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.	2.25	1	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Monkey Diseases Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).	2.31	1	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	2.31	1	0
CACH Syndrome [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.	2.21	1	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	3.06	1	0
Enteric Fever [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.	1.92	1	0
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Infections, Klebsiella [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	2.02	1	0
Klebsiella Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.	2.38	2	0
Embryopathies [description not available]	2.03	1	0
MODS [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Edema, Fetal [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	2.03	1	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	2.38	2	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	1.96	1	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	1.96	1	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	1.99	1	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	2	1	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	2	1	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	3.99	1	1
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	3.99	1	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	3.99	1	1
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	3.99	1	1
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Campylobacter Infection [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	2.86	3	0
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	2.61	2	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	2.61	2	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	2.17	1	0
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	2.17	1	0
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	2.58	2	0
Avian Flu [description not available]	3.47	1	1
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	3.47	1	1
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.	2.06	1	0
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Infantile Diarrhea [description not available]	3.46	1	1
Diarrhea, Infantile DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.	3.46	1	1

xylitol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (162)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (877 Product(s))

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Products

Pathways (16)

Protein Targets (9)

Potency Measurements

Ceullar Components (1)

Bioassays (12)

Research

Studies (2,932)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 63.51

Study Types

xylitol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (162)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (877 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Pathways (16)

Protein Targets (9)

Potency Measurements

Ceullar Components (1)

Bioassays (12)

Research

Studies (2,932)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 63.51

Study Types

Related Drugs (696)

Related Conditions (559)