fipronil profile

Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that acts as an antagonist of the GABA-gated chloride channel in the insect nervous system. It was synthesized in the 1980s by Rhône-Poulenc, now part of Bayer, and has been widely used to control a variety of insect pests in agriculture, public health, and veterinary medicine. Fipronil is effective against a broad spectrum of insects, including fleas, ticks, ants, cockroaches, termites, and beetles. Its high potency and long residual activity make it a valuable tool for insect control. Fipronil is also used in pet products to protect animals from external parasites like fleas and ticks. The compound is highly effective against various insect pests due to its mechanism of action, which involves binding to GABA receptors in the insect nervous system. This binding disrupts the normal functioning of the nervous system, leading to paralysis and death of the insect. The importance of fipronil lies in its contribution to the control of insect pests, which can cause significant damage to crops, livestock, and human health. Its use has been instrumental in reducing the incidence of insect-borne diseases, improving crop yields, and protecting animals from parasites. Despite its effectiveness, fipronil has also been the subject of research due to concerns about its environmental impact and potential toxicity to non-target organisms. Studies have investigated its persistence in soil and water, its potential to bioaccumulate in food chains, and its effects on wildlife. The research aims to understand the risks associated with fipronil use and to develop strategies for minimizing its environmental impact while maintaining its benefits for insect control.'

fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	3352
CHEMBL ID	101326
CHEBI ID	83394
CHEBI ID	5063
SCHEMBL ID	15088
MeSH ID	M0219481

Synonym
AC-427
CBIOL_001754
BRD-A50675702-001-03-0
BSPBIO_002266
m & b 46030
1h-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, 5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-((trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl)-
rm 1601
hsdb 7051
fipronil [iso]
(rs)-5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
c12h4cl2f6n4os
mb 46030
5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole-3-carbonitile
BIO1_001018
BIO2_000035
BIO1_000040
BIO1_000529
BIO2_000515
IDI1_033785
BSPBIO_001315
BCBCMAP01_000152
UPCMLD-DP011:001
fipronil
120068-37-3
UPCMLD-DP011
D01042
fipronil (jan)
UPCMLD-DP011:002
NCGC00094574-08
NCGC00094574-02
NCGC00094574-01
NCGC00094574-07
NCGC00094574-06
NCGC00094574-03
NCGC00094574-05
KBIO2_002603
KBIO2_005171
KBIO2_000035
KBIOGR_000035
KBIOSS_000035
KBIO3_000069
KBIO3_000070
SPECTRUM1505354
5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1h-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
NCGC00094574-09
HMS2093D09
HMS1989B17
rm-1601
termidor
CHEMBL101326 ,
chebi:83394 ,
nsc-758960
fipronil (ema epar: veterinary)
mb-46030
HMS1791B17
HMS1361B17
bdbm50106148
HMS1922F08
5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
NCGC00094574-13
NCGC00094574-10
NCGC00094574-11
NCGC00094574-12
tox21_301114
NCGC00255014-01
dtxsid4034609 ,
dtxcid2014609
cas-120068-37-3
nsc758960
pharmakon1600-01505354
tox21_111300
smr000777967
MLS004712079
nsc 758960
qgh063955f ,
unii-qgh063955f
fipronil [inn:ban]
ec 424-610-5
AKOS015960931
(+/-)-fipronil
fluocyanobenpyrazole
FT-0631097
fipronil [mi]
fipronil component of broadline
frontline
fipronil [mart.]
fipronil [hsdb]
5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-4-((trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl)pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
broadline component fipronil
fipronil [jan]
5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-((trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl)-1h-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
S5366
CCG-213975
CM-102
SCHEMBL15088
NCGC00094574-15
tox21_111300_1
KS-5066
5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl-pyrazole
5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-4-((trifluoromethyl) sulfinyl)-1h-pyrazol-3-carbonitrile
5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazol e
5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulphinylpyrazole
5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-cyano-4-trifluoromethylsulphinylpyrazole
5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-cyano-4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole
5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl) -4-trifluoromethylsulphinylpyrazole
5-amino-1 -(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl-1 h-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole
5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-cyano-4-trifluoromethylsulphinyl pyrazole
Q-201115
1h-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-
HMS3402B17
F0822
5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethyl)sulfinylpyrazole-3-carbonitrile
5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)sulfinylpyrazole
AB00643326_02
sr-05000002006
SR-05000002006-1
5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-trifluoromethanesulfinyl-1h-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
fipronil, pestanal(r), analytical standard
fipronil, certified reference material, tracecert(r)
fipronil 10 microg/ml in acetonitrile
fipronil 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
SBI-0206839.P001
5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethane)sulfinyl-1h-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)-1h-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
Q415933
BCP14931
BRD-A50675702-001-04-8
CS-0012838
fipronil 1000 microg/ml in acetone
HY-B0822
A934386
fluocyanobenpyrazole, taurus, termidor
(rs)-5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(trifluoromethylsulfinyl)pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
EN300-6490177
fluocyanobenpyrazole;termidor
Z2417820389
SY066868
mfcd00867812
(+-)-5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-((trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl)-1h-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
rac-fipronil
5-amino-1-
rac-5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-((trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl)-1h-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
chebi:5063
m&b 46030
5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoro-methylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole
5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-4-((trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl)pyrazole-3-carbonitrile
fipronil (mart.)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Fipronil (FIP) is a broad-spectrum insecticide used in the industrial, residential and agricultural sectors, which presents environmental and human health risks. "	( Determination of Fipronil and Fipronil-Sulfone in Surface Waters of the Guandu River Basin by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry. Alves, MCC; Bauerfeldt, GF; Castro, RN; Cid, YP; Ferreira, TP; Magalhães, VS; Scott, FB, 2022)	2.5
"Fipronil is a broad-spectrum phenyl-pyrazole insecticide that is widely used in agriculture. "	( Biodegradation of fipronil: current state of mechanisms of biodegradation and future perspectives. Chen, S; Lin, Z; Mishra, S; Pang, S; Wu, X; Zhou, Z, 2021)	2.4
"Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide widely used in agriculture and residential areas; its indiscriminate use leads to environmental pollution and poses health hazards. "	( Development of novel fluorescence-based and label-free noncanonical G4-quadruplex-like DNA biosensor for facile, specific, and ultrasensitive detection of fipronil. Cho, Y; Chung, WS; Hong, JC; Kadam, US; Kang, CH; Lee, KO; Lee, KW; Rampogu, S; Trinh, KH; Yang, KA, 2022)	2.36
"Fipronil is a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole insecticide and has been used effectively in the agriculture. "	( P-coumaric acid ameliorates fipronil induced liver injury in mice through attenuation of structural changes, oxidative stress and inflammation. Bal, SS; Leishangthem, GD; Sethi, RS; Singh, A, 2022)	2.46
"Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide which release in the environment may harm the non-target organisms."	( Enantioselective toxicity, degradation and transformation of the chiral insecticide fipronil in two algae culture. Cai, Y; Ma, R; Ou, Y; Shi, G; Yan, Z; Yu, Z, 2022)	1.67
"Fipronil is a pesticide widely used in agriculture."	( Quantitative exposure assessment and risk characterization for fipronil residues in laying hen eggs. Alvarez, L; Canton, C; Canton, L; Dominguez, P; Farias, C; Lanusse, C; Moreno, L; Signorini, M, 2022)	1.68
"Fipronil is a broad potent insecticide that belongs to the phenylpyrazole chemical family. "	( Identifying global trends and gaps in research on pesticide fipronil: a scientometric review. Ghisi, NC; Gonçalves, S; Guimaraes, LJ; Lopes, JMH; Miglioranza, KSB; Mota, TFM; Vasconcelos, MW, 2022)	2.41
"Fipronil is a kind of pesticide that is widely used in agriculture, thus this trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of fipronil on growth related parameters (final body weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio), hematology related parameters (RBCs, WBCs, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and deferential leukocytic count), biochemistry related parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, urea, and creatinine), histopathology of liver, intestine, gills, and spleen, and gene expression of antioxidants, stress, inflammatory, apoptotic, and related to junction proteins genes as SOD and GPx, COX II, TNF-α, Casp-3, and Claudin-3, respectively, in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)."	( Ameliorative effect of Spirulina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae against fipronil toxicity in Oreochromis niloticus. Abdeen, A; Abdel-Daim, MM; Abdelhiee, EY; Abdo, W; Aboubakr, M; Aleya, L; Almeer, R; El-Mleeh, A; Elbialy, ZI; Elkamshishi, MM; Fadl, SE; Najda, A; Saad, AH; Salah, AS, 2022)	1.68
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide used in various agricultural, horticulture, and veterinary practices. "	( Insights into the toxicity and biodegradation of fipronil in contaminated environment. Bhatt, K; Bhatt, P; Bilal, M; Chen, S; Gangola, S; Huang, Y; Ramola, S; Zhou, Z, 2023)	2.61
"Fipronil is an insecticide which is not approved for use in any food-producing animal species in the European Union (EU). "	( Estimation of the risk of fipronil ingestion through the consumption of contaminated table eggs for the Italian consumer. Calistri, P; Chiumiento, F; Cioci, D; Dall'Acqua, F; Iannetti, S; Migliorati, G; Morelli, D; Rosato, R; Scarpone, R, 2022)	2.46
"Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide used for plants and poultry. "	( Thyroid-Disrupting Effects of Exposure to Fipronil and Its Metabolites from Drinking Water Based on Human Thyroid Follicular Epithelial Nthy-ori 3-1 Cell Lines. Chen, D; Crabbe, MJC; Jiang, Z; Li, J; Qiu, M; Qu, W; Zheng, Y; Zhuang, J, 2023)	2.62
"Fipronil is a new chemistry insecticide used to control agriculture and medically important insect pests."	( Unstable fipronil resistance associated with fitness costs in fipronil-selected Aedes aegypti L. Kamran, M; Khan, MA; Riaz, M; Shad, SA, 2023)	2.05
"Fipronil is a broad-spectrum phenyl pyrazole insecticide that has a high degree of environmental toxicity. "	( The effect of different decontamination processes on the residues of fipronil and its metabolites in chili fruits (Capsicum annuum L.). Babu, SR; Bana, JK; Dhaka, SR; Dudwal, R; Hussain, A; Jakhar, BL; Jan, I; Kakralya, BL; Kataria, A; Pathan, ARK; Rashied, F; Yadav, AK, 2023)	2.59
"Fipronil (FIP) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that, along with neonicotinoid insecticides, is regularly used worldwide. "	( Photodegradation of the insecticide fipronil in aquatic environments: photo-dechlorination processes and products. Amimoto, T; Hirashima, S; Iwamoto, Y; Takeda, K, 2023)	2.63
"Fipronil is a broad-spectrum pesticide presenting high acute toxicity to non-target organisms, particularly to aquatic species. "	( Toxicity assessment of carvacrol and its acetylated derivative in early staged zebrafish (Danio rerio): Safer alternatives to fipronil-based pesticides? English, C; Henry, E; Iftikhar, N; Ivantsova, E; Konig, I; Marcussi, S; Martyniuk, CJ; Souders, CL, 2023)	2.56
"Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide belonging to the phenyl pyrazole chemical family. "	( Neurotoxic Effect of Fipronil in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cell Line. Kanat, ÖN; Selmanoğlu, G, 2020)	2.32
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that entered the market to replace organochlorides and organophosphates. "	( Assessment of fipronil toxicity to the freshwater midge Chironomus riparius: Molecular, biochemical, and organismal responses. Devreese, B; Lemos, MFL; Leston, S; Monteiro, HR; Novais, SC; Pestana, JLT; Ramos, F; Soares, AMVM, 2019)	2.32
"Fipronil is an insecticide that is not approved in the European Union in food. "	( A first approach using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the determination of fipronil and fipronil-sulfone in eggs. Aparicio-Muriana, MM; García-Campaña, AM; Lara, FJ; Lhotská, I, 2020)	2.22
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide widely used to control pests in agriculture even though evidence of harmful side effects in non-target species has been reported. "	( Multibiomarker approach to fipronil exposure in the fish Dicentrarchus labrax under two temperature regimes. Blázquez, M; Dallarés, S; Dourado, P; Gisbert, E; Montemurro, N; Sanahuja, I; Solé, M; Solovyev, M; Torreblanca, A, 2020)	2.3
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide used for the control of a variety of pest for domestic, veterinary and agricultural uses. "	( Transcriptomic modifications of the thyroid gland upon exposure to phytosanitary-grade fipronil: Evidence for the activation of compensatory pathways. Dupouy, V; Lasserre, F; Leghait, J; Martin, PGP; Pineau, T; Polizzi, A; Roques, BB; Viguié, C, 2020)	2.22
"Fipronil is an insecticide widely used for veterinary and agricultural purposes. "	( Long-Term Fipronil Treatment Induces Hyperactivity in Female Mice. Auvray, P; Blondel, M; Koslowski, S; Latapy, C; Meijer, L, 2020)	2.4
"Fipronil (FP) is an emerging insecticide, however, its occurrence in drinking water and source water is limited. "	( Spatial variation of fipronil and its derivatives in tap water and ground water from China and the fate of them during drinking water treatment in Wuhan, central China. Chen, L; Shi, L; Wan, Y; Xia, W; Zeng, H, 2020)	2.32
"Fipronil is an insecticide commonly used in agriculture. "	( Evaluation of toxicological responses and promising biomarkers of topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) exposed to fipronil at environmentally relevant levels. Li, H; Sun, F; Zhang, R; Zhang, Y, 2020)	2.21
"Fipronil is a widely used commercial insecticide whose action mechanism consists in blocking the influx of chloride ions through the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA"	( The insecticide fipronil affects the physical properties of model membranes: A combined experimental and molecular dynamics simulations study in Langmuir monolayers. Felsztyna, I; García, DA; Miguel, V; Sánchez-Borzone, ME, 2020)	2.35
"Fipronil (FPN) is a relatively new and broad spectrum insecticide that induces toxic effects to animals and humans through induction of oxidative stress. "	( Ginseng attenuates fipronil-induced hepatorenal toxicity via its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities in rats. Abd El Latif, AS; Abd Eldaim, MAA; El-Borai, NB; Hassan, A, 2020)	2.33
"Fipronil is an agricultural pesticide that inhibits γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) gated chloride channels."	( Residual molecular and behavioral effects of the phenylpyrazole pesticide fipronil in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) following a pulse embryonic exposure. Cowie, AM; Eadie, A; El Chehouri, J; Feswick, A; Hoskote, R; Liang, X; Loughery, JR; Martyniuk, CJ; Souders, CL; Vasquez, IC; Wang, X, 2020)	1.51
"Fipronil (FIP) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is commonly used in agricultural and veterinary fields for controlling a wide range of insects, but it is a strong environmentally toxic substance. "	( The potential ameliorative impacts of cerium oxide nanoparticles against fipronil-induced hepatic steatosis. Batiha, GE; El-Sayed, YS; Elewa, YHA; Elshony, N; Hassan, SMA; Hetta, HF; Nassar, AMK; Noreldin, A; Saati, AA; Saleh, H; Samak, D; Shaheen, HM; Umezawa, M; Wasef, L, 2021)	2.3
"Fipronil is an extensively used phenylpyrazole insecticide."	( Ameliorative effects of jojoba oil on fipronil-induced hepatorenal- and neuro-toxicity: the antioxidant status and apoptotic markers expression in rats. Abou-Zeid, SM; AbuBakr, HO; Tahoun, EA, 2021)	1.61
"Fipronil is a broad-use insecticide with severe toxicity to fish. "	( Exposure to environmental concentrations of fipronil induces biochemical changes on a neotropical freshwater fish. de la Torre, FR; Miglioranza, KSB; Ondarza, PM; Santillán Deiú, A, 2021)	2.33
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is widely used as a pesticide and a veterinary drug, although studies suggest that it could be toxic to mammals. "	( The effects of fipronil on emotional and cognitive behaviors in mammals. Hirai, A; Hirano, T; Hoshi, N; Ichise, T; Ikenaka, Y; Ishizuka, M; Khidkhan, K; Maeda, M; Mizukawa, H; Nakayama, SMM; Nimako, C; Nomiyama, K; Sasaki, N; Sasaoka, K; Suzuki, T; Takeda, K; Takiguchi, M, 2021)	2.42
"Fipronil is a pesticide widely used to control agricultural and household insect pests. "	( Harmful effects of fipronil exposure on the behavior and brain of the stingless bee Partamona helleri Friese (Hymenoptera: Meliponini). Bastos, DSS; Bernardes, RC; Farder-Gomes, CF; Fernandes, KM; Martins, GF; Oliveira, LL; Serrão, JE, 2021)	2.39
"Fipronil is a current use pesticide, widely used in many crops, commonly adsorbed to sediments of aquatic environments. "	( Multibiomarker responses and bioaccumulation of fipronil in Prochilodus lineatus exposed to spiked sediments: Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses. de la Torre, FR; Miglioranza, KSB; Ondarza, PM; Santillán Deiú, A, 2021)	2.32
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that may selectively inhibit gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in insects. "	( Neurotoxicity of fipronil affects sensory and motor systems in zebrafish. Hsu, TH; Lu, CW; Wang, SE; Wu, CH; Wu, WJ, 2021)	2.4
"Fipronil (FIP) is a highly effective insecticide that has been used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. "	( Oxidative stress, apoptosis and histopathological alterations in brain stem and diencephalon induced by subacute exposure to fipronil in albino rats. AbuBakr, HO; Ahmed, ZSO; Awad, MA; Elbargeesy, GAEH; Moussa, MHG, 2022)	2.37
"Fipronil is a common insecticide found in spot-on flea and tick treatment products that have the potential for down-the-drain transport and direct washoff into surface water."	( Fipronil washoff to municipal wastewater from dogs treated with spot-on products. Budd, R; Hernandez, J; Teerlink, J, 2017)	2.62
"Fipronil is a commonly used insecticide that has been shown to have environmental and human health risks. "	( In Vitro Selection of a Single-Stranded DNA Molecular Recognition Element against the Pesticide Fipronil and Sensitive Detection in River Water. Hong, KL; Sooter, LJ, 2017)	2.12
"Fipronil (FPN) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is extensively used in agriculture and veterinary applications. "	( Protective effects of rosuvastatin and vitamin E against fipronil-mediated oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat liver and kidney. Abdeen, A; Abdel-Daim, MM, 2018)	2.17
"Fipronil is a broad-spectrum pesticide widely used in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. "	( Fipronil recognition by the FA1 site of human serum albumin. Ascenzi, P; Leboffe, L; Polticelli, F; Toti, D; Trezza, V, 2018)	3.37
"Fipronil (FPN) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide, widely used for agricultural and veterinary activities. "	( Thymoquinone and diallyl sulfide protect against fipronil-induced oxidative injury in rats. Abdel-Daim, MM; Abushouk, AI; Alansari, WS; Aleya, L; Bungau, S; Fawzy, MS; Shaheen, HM; Toraih, EA, 2018)	2.18
"Fipronil is a phenyl pyrazole molecule widely used across the world as both insecticide and veterinary drug. "	( Fluorescent-fipronil: Design and synthesis of a stable conjugate. Aloisi, A; Bianco, A; Ferrandon, D; Franchet, A; Ménard-Moyon, C, 2018)	2.3
"Fipronil is a highly toxic insecticide, and fipronil egg scandal greatly threaten people's health. "	( Development of precise GC-EI-MS method to determine the residual fipronil and its metabolites in chicken egg. Guo, Z; Li, H; Li, X; Ma, W; Song, S; Tang, H; Zhang, Q, 2019)	2.19
"Fipronil is a highly effective insecticide with extensive usages; however, its distribution and toxic/health effects in the human population after chronic exposure have not yet been clearly identified. "	( Distribution of fipronil in humans, and adverse health outcomes of in utero fipronil sulfone exposure in newborns. Cho, YH; Cole, E; Jeon, SJ; Kho, Y; Kim, HS; Kim, YA; Lee, J; Yoon, YS, 2019)	2.3
"Fipronil is a most widely used insecticide. "	( Biodegradation of fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulfone by Streptomyces rochei strain AJAG7 and its use in bioremediation of contaminated soil. Abraham, J; Gajendiran, A, 2019)	2.29
"Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that has a good control effect on pests of commercial poultry. "	( Effect of fipronil on biogas production performance during anaerobic digestion of chicken manure and corn straw. Hu, X; Huang, F; Jiang, H; Jiang, M; Zhang, Y, 2019)	2.36
"Fipronil is an insecticide used at high rates in urban environments, especially in regions such as California."	( Fiproles in urban surface runoff: Understanding sources and causes of contamination. Cryder, Z; Gan, J; Greenberg, L; Luo, Y; Richards, J; Wolf, D, 2019)	1.24
"Fipronil is a highly effective, broad-spectrum insecticide used to control pests, globally. "	( Bioaccumulation, biotransformation and toxic effect of fipronil in Escherichia coli. Bhatti, S; Patel, DK; Satish, A; Satyanarayana, GNV, 2019)	2.2
"Fipronil (FPN) is a widely used phenylpyrazole pesticide that can kill pests by blocking γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channels. "	( Fipronil induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation. Cui, XS; Guo, J; Kim, YH; Nie, ZW; Niu, YJ; Shin, KT; Zhou, W, 2019)	3.4
"Fipronil is a chiral insecticide employed worldwide in crops, control of public hygiene and control of veterinary pests. "	( In vitro inhibition of human CYP2D6 by the chiral pesticide fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulfone: Prediction of pesticide-drug interactions. Carrão, DB; da Silva, RM; de Albuquerque, NCP; de Oliveira, ARM; Habenchus, MD; Lopes, NP, 2019)	2.2
"Fipronil is a potent insecticide that eliminates pests, including insects resistant to pyrethroids, organophosphates (OP) and carbamates (CA)."	( Biochemical biomarkers in Scinax fuscovarius tadpoles exposed to a commercial formulation of the pesticide fipronil. de Almeida, EA; de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres, D; Felício, AA; Stefani Margarido, TC, 2013)	1.32
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide with increasing urban use. "	( Toxicity of the insecticide fipronil and its degradates to benthic macroinvertebrates of urban streams. Lydy, MJ; Weston, DP, 2014)	2.14
"Fipronil (FP) is a phenylpyrazole pesticide developed by the transnational company Rhône-Poulenc Agro in 1987. "	( In vitro genotoxicity of fipronil sister chromatid exchange, cytokinesis block micronucleus test, and comet assay. Çelik, A; Ekinci, SY; Güler, G; Yildirim, S, 2014)	2.15
"Fipronil is a GABA-gated chloride channel-inhibiting insecticide that has been commonly used for the management of different pests including M."	( Cross-resistance, genetics, and realized heritability of resistance to fipronil in the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae): a potential vector for disease transmission. Abbas, N; Khan, HA; Shad, SA, 2014)	1.36
"Fipronil is a widely used insecticide for termite control. "	( Horizontal transfer of fipronil is enhanced with increased group size in Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Chen, X; Gautam, BK; Henderson, G; Wang, C, 2013)	2.14
"Fipronil (FPN) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide used in veterinary services and agriculture, and it is of considerable concern to public health. "	( Prenatal exposure to a low fipronil dose disturbs maternal behavior and reflex development in rats. Bernardi, MM; Reis, TM; Sandini, TM; Spinosa, HS; Udo, MS, )	1.87
"Fipronil is an effective insecticide, but it presents highly toxic effects in nontarget aquatic organisms. "	( Enantioselective toxicity and degradation of the chiral insecticide fipronil in Scenedesmus obliguus suspension system. Huang, LD; Liu, DH; Ma, RX; Qiu, XX; Qu, H; Wang, P; Zhou, ZQ, 2014)	2.08
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is widely used in Brazilian agriculture for pest control. "	( Modification of the brain proteome of Africanized honeybees (Apis mellifera) exposed to a sub-lethal doses of the insecticide fipronil. Dos Santos, LD; dos Santos-Pinto, JR; Malaspina, O; Palma, MS; Roat, TC; Santos, KS, 2014)	2.05
"Fipronil is a widely used insecticide with a well-described toxicological pathway. "	( Determination of residues of fipronil and its metabolites in cauliflower by using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Duhan, A; Duhan, S; Kumari, B, 2015)	2.15
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide commonly used in residential and agricultural applications. "	( Identification of fipronil metabolites by time-of-flight mass spectrometry for application in a human exposure study. Andersen, EM; Dagnino, S; Freeborn, DL; Garantziotis, S; Herr, DW; Lindstrom, AB; McMahen, RL; McMillan, L; Moser, VC; Strynar, MJ, 2015)	2.19
"Fipronil is a relatively new insecticide of the phenpyrazole group. "	( Fipronil induced oxidative stress in kidney and brain of mice: protective effect of vitamin E and vitamin C. Badgujar, PC; Chandratre, GA; Pawar, NN; Sharma, AK; Telang, AG, 2015)	3.3
"Fipronil is an insecticide used to control pests in animals and plants that can causes hepatotoxicity in animals and humans, and it is hepatically metabolized to fipronil sulfone by cytochrome P-450. "	( Effect of fipronil on energy metabolism in the perfused rat liver. Constantin, J; de Medeiros, HC; Ishii-Iwamoto, EL; Mingatto, FE, 2015)	2.26
"Fipronil is an insecticide extensively used to control pests in crops and animals. "	( Comparative effects of fipronil and its metabolites sulfone and desulfinyl on the isolated rat liver mitochondria. Guelfi, M; Medeiros, HC; Mingatto, FE; Palma, ID; Santana, AT; Tavares, MA, 2015)	2.17
"Fipronil is a second-generation phenilpirazol insecticide that is used in agriculture and veterinary medicine for protection against fleas, ticks, ants, cockroaches and other pests. "	( Prenatal exposure to fipronil disturbs maternal aggressive behavior in rats. Bernardi, MM; Carvalho, MP; Magalhães, JZ; Sánchez-Sarmiento, AM; Spinosa, HS; Udo, MS, )	1.89
"Fipronil is a pyrazole acaricide and insecticide that may be used for insect, tick, lice, and mite control on pets. "	( Postapplication Fipronil Exposure Following Use on Pets. Cochran, RC; Krieger, RI; Ross, JH; Yu, L, 2015)	2.21
"Fipronil is an insecticide commonly used in agriculture, but there are growing concerns over its environmental impacts (e.g., harmful effects on pollinators). "	( Assessing the Risk of Fipronil-Treated Seed Ingestion and Associated Adverse Effects in the Red-Legged Partridge. Camarero, PR; Lopez-Antia, A; Mateo, R; Mougeot, F; Ortiz-Santaliestra, ME, 2015)	2.17
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole class insecticide. "	( Injectable fipronil for cattle: Plasma disposition and efficacy against Rhipicephalus microplus. Cid, YP; Correia, TR; Ferreira, TP; Magalhães, VS; Scott, FB, 2016)	2.27
"Fipronil is a second-generation NCA, but A2'S and A2'G mutations provide a low level of cross-resistance to fipronil."	( Mechanisms of resistance to insecticides targeting RDL GABA receptors in planthoppers. Nakao, T, 2017)	1.18
"Fipronil is a broad spectrum insecticide from the phenyl pyrazole family, which targets GABA receptor. "	( Fipronil sulfone induced higher cytotoxicity than fipronil in SH-SY5Y cells: Protection by antioxidants. Anadón, A; Ares, I; Castellano, V; Martínez, M; Martínez, MA; Martínez-Larrañaga, MR; Ramos, E; Romero, A, 2016)	3.32
"Fipronil is an insecticide widely used in agriculture, veterinary medicine and public health that has recently been listed as a potential endocrine disrupter. "	( Perinatal exposure to insecticide fipronil: effects on the reproductive system in male rats. Anselmo-Franci, JA; Arena, AC; Bae, JH; Borges, CS; Cavariani, MM; de Barros, AL; Pinheiro, PFF; Rosa, JL; Silva, PV, 2017)	2.18
"Fipronil is an insecticide which, based on its mode of action, is intended to be predominantly toxic towards insects. "	( Fipronil and two of its transformation products in water and European eel from the river Elbe. Brinkmann, M; Freese, M; Gerwinski, W; Haarich, M; Hanel, R; Hollert, H; Kammann, U; Michel, N; Pohlmann, JD; Rotard, W; Theobald, N, 2016)	3.32
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is widely used in residential and agricultural settings to control ants, roaches, termites, and other pests. "	( Comparison of fipronil sources in North Carolina surface water and identification of a novel fipronil transformation product in recycled wastewater. DeRose, E; Lindstrom, AB; McMahen, RL; McMillan, L; Strynar, MJ, 2016)	2.24
"Fipronil (FP) is a GABA receptor inhibitor, while buprofezin (BPFN) is an insect growth regulator."	( Exposure to sub-acute doses of fipronil and buprofezin in combination or alone induces biochemical, hematological, histopathological and genotoxic damage in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Bibi, A; Ghazanfar, M; Qureshi, IZ; Shahid, S, 2016)	1.44
"Fipronil is a recalcitrant phenylpyrazole-based pesticide used for flea/tick treatment and termite control that is distributed in urban aquatic environments via stormwater and contributes to stream toxicity. "	( Metabolization and degradation kinetics of the urban-use pesticide fipronil by white rot fungus Trametes versicolor. LeFevre, GH; Luthy, RG; Wolfand, JM, 2016)	2.11
"Fipronil is an important member of the phenylpyrazole group of insecticides and is widely used for various crops and vegetables to control insects, thereby exposing birds, animals, and humans to fipronil. "	( Behavioral response and gene expression changes in fipronil-administered male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Awad, A; Khalil, SR; Mohammed, HH, 2017)	2.15
"Fipronil is an urban-use insecticide, and the increased use has led to its frequent detections in urban streams. "	( Transformation and sorption of fipronil in urban stream sediments. Gan, J; Haver, D; Lin, K; Oki, L, 2008)	2.07
"Fipronil is a widely used phytosanitary product and insecticide for pets. "	( Fipronil-induced disruption of thyroid function in rats is mediated by increased total and free thyroxine clearances concomitantly to increased activity of hepatic enzymes. Camp, M; Gayrard, V; Leghait, J; Perdu, E; Picard-Hagen, N; Toutain, PL; Viguié, C, 2009)	3.24
"Fipronil is a chiral compound, and enantioselectivity may greatly impact its environmental fate and effects."	( Enantioselectivity in fipronil aquatic toxicity and degradation. Bondarenko, S; Gan, J; Lin, K; Nillos, MG; Schlenk, D, 2009)	1.39
"Fipronil is a potent insecticide used for control of termites, fleas, roaches, ants, and other pests. "	( Fipronil and its degradates in indoor and outdoor dust. Burkhardt, MR; Mahler, BJ; Musgrove, M; Van Metre, PC; Wilson, JT; Zaugg, SD, 2009)	3.24
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole pesticide widely used to protect sugar-cane crops from insect pests. "	( Dynamics of fipronil in Oleo Lagoon in Jataí Ecological Station, São Paulo-Brazil. Bianchini, I; Mozeto, AA; Oliveira, LF; Peret, AC; Peret, AM; Seleghim, MH, 2010)	2.18
"Fipronil is an insecticidal pyrazole that is commonly used as an insecticide in field crops, urban pesticide and veterinary medicine, but there are no reports of its evaluation against stored-product insects. "	( Insecticidal efficacy of fipronil against four stored-product insect pests: influence of commodity, dose, exposure interval, relative humidity and temperature. Athanassiou, CG; Betsi, PC; Kavallieratos, NG; Vayias, BJ, 2010)	2.11
"Fipronil appeared to be a very effective alternative to the existing substances in stored-grain protection at doses equal to or higher than 1 mg fipronil kg(-1) grain, and thus these doses require further evaluation in terms of safety for the consumer and residues on stored products."	( Insecticidal efficacy of fipronil against four stored-product insect pests: influence of commodity, dose, exposure interval, relative humidity and temperature. Athanassiou, CG; Betsi, PC; Kavallieratos, NG; Vayias, BJ, 2010)	2.11
"Fipronil is an insecticide extensively used to treat pets, which has been identified as a potential thyroid disruptor in the rat. "	( Quantification of fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulfone in rat plasma over a wide range of concentrations by LC/UV/MS. Lacroix, MZ; Puel, S; Toutain, PL; Viguié, C, 2010)	2.14
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazolic insecticide that is widely used in agriculture and has been recently used to control the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. "	( Diagnoses of fipronil resistance in Brazilian cattle ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) using in vitro larval bioassays. Castro-Janer, E; Klafke, GM; Martins, JR; Mendes, MC; Namindome, A; Schumaker, TT, 2010)	2.17
"Fipronil is a chiral phenylpyrazole insecticide that is effective for control of a wide range of agricultural and domestic pests at low application rates. "	( Toxicities of fipronil enantiomers to the honeybee Apis mellifera L. and enantiomeric compositions of fipronil in honey plant flowers. Bao, C; Li, X; Tao, S; Yang, D; Zheng, M, 2010)	2.16
"Fipronil is a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole insecticide widely used to control residential pests and is also commonly used for flea and tick treatment on pets. "	( Acute illnesses associated with exposure to fipronil--surveillance data from 11 states in the United States, 2001-2007. Beckman, J; Calvert, GM; Diebolt-Brown, B; Higgins, SA; Lackovic, MJ; Lee, SJ; Mehler, LN; Mitchell, YA; Mulay, P; Prado, JB; Schwartz, A; Waltz, J, 2010)	2.06
"Fipronil is a phenyl pyrazole insecticide registered for agricultural use in many countries. "	( Fipronil toxicity in northern bobwhite quail Colinus virginianus: reduced feeding behaviour and sulfone metabolite formation. Astheimer, LB; Buttemer, WA; Hooper, MJ; Isanhart, J; Kitulagodage, M, 2011)	3.25
"Fipronil (FPN) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide acted on insect gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. "	( Akt/GSK3β signaling is involved in fipronil-induced apoptotic cell death of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Kang, JS; Ki, YW; Koh, HC; Lee, JE; Lee, KS; Lee, SH; Lee, SJ, 2011)	2.09
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide known to elicit neurotoxicity via an interaction with ionotropic receptors, namely GABA and glutamate receptors. "	( Fipronil is a powerful uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation that triggers apoptosis in human neuronal cell line SHSY5Y. Belzunces, LP; Blasco, R; Bravo-San Pedro, JM; Brunet, JL; Fuentes, JM; Gómez-Sánchez, R; González-Polo, RA; Niso-Santano, M; Pizarro-Estrella, E; Vidau, C, 2011)	3.25
"Fipronil is a relatively new and popular urban-use insecticide that has acute toxicity to arthropods at low-ppb levels."	( Occurrence of fipronil and its biologically active derivatives in urban residential runoff. Bondarenko, S; Gan, J; Haver, D; Li, JX; Oki, L, 2012)	1.46
"Fipronil (FPN) is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that acts on insect GABA receptors."	( Reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinase induce apoptotic death of SH-SY5Y cells in response to fipronil. Ki, YW; Koh, HC; Lee, JE; Park, JH; Shin, IC, 2012)	1.31
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole family insecticide which mainly affects the nervous system of insects. "	( In vitro evaluation of acaricidal activity of fipronil against Haemaphysalis bispinosa based on adult immersion test. Ajith Kumar, KG; Amithamol, KK; Aparna, M; Bandyapadhyay, A; Chandrasekhar, L; Ghosh, S; Juliet, S; Nair, SN; Ravindran, R; Rawat, AK; Sujith, S; Sunil, AR; Varghese, S, 2012)	2.08
"Fipronil is a widely used, broad-spectrum pesticide that is applied as an equal mixture of two enantiomers. "	( Enantioselective toxicity and bioaccumulation of fipronil in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following water and sediment exposures. Avants, J; Baird, S; Black, M; Bringolf, R; Garrison, A; Jones, J, 2013)	2.09
"Fipronil is an insecticide widely used to control a great number of pests, thus the aim of this study was to determine the lethal dose and lethal concentration (LD(50) and LC(50)) of this insecticide to the stingless bees Scaptotrigona postica Latreille, 1807. "	( Acute toxicity of fipronil to the stingless bee Scaptotrigona postica Latreille. Carvalho, SM; Jacob, CR; Malaspina, O; Nocelli, RC; Soares, HM, 2013)	2.17
"Fipronil is a neurotoxic insecticide that inhibits the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor and can affect gustative perception, olfactory learning, and motor activity of the honeybee Apis mellifera. "	( Effects of sublethal dose of fipronil on neuron metabolic activity of Africanized honeybees. Carvalho, SM; Malaspina, O; Nocelli, RC; Palma, MS; Roat, TC; Silva-Zacarin, EC, 2013)	2.12
"Fipronil is a highly effective, broad-spectrum insecticide with potential value for the control of a wide range of crop, public hygiene, amenity, and veterinary pests. "	( Fipronil: environmental fate, ecotoxicology, and human health concerns. Dewhurst, CF; King, WJ; Lauer, S; Rother, JA; Tingle, CC, 2003)	3.2
"Fipronil is a novel gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-specific phenylpyrazole insecticide commonly used near estuarine environments for rice production, turf-grass management, and residential insect control. "	( Fipronil effects on estuarine copepod (Amphiascus tenuiremis) development, fertility, and reproduction: a rapid life-cycle assay in 96-well microplate format. Cary, TL; Chandler, GT; Ferry, JL; Klosterhaus, SL; Volz, DC; Walse, SS, 2004)	3.21
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide introduced for pest control, but it can also affect non-target insects such as honeybees. "	( Effects of sublethal doses of fipronil on the behavior of the honeybee (Apis mellifera). Armengaud, C; Dacher, M; El Hassani, AK; Gauthier, M, 2005)	2.06
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide increasingly used in applications such as rice culture, turf grass management, and residential pest control, with a high probability to contaminate aquatic environments. "	( Acute enantioselective toxicity of fipronil and its desulfinyl photoproduct to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Avants, JK; Black, MC; Fisk, AT; Garrison, AW; Konwick, BJ, 2005)	2.05
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide designed to selectively inhibit insect gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. "	( The developmental neurotoxicity of fipronil: notochord degeneration and locomotor defects in zebrafish embryos and larvae. Incardona, JP; Linbo, TL; Scholz, NL; Stehr, CM, 2006)	2.05
"Fipronil is a recently discovered insecticide of the phenylpyrazole series. "	( Phototransformation of the insecticide fipronil: identification of novel photoproducts and evidence for an alternative pathway of photodegradation. Aajoud, A; Aouadi, H; Ravanel, P; Raveton, M; Tissut, M; Willison, JC, 2006)	2.05
"Fipronil is a pesticide suspected of having harmful effects on honey bees at microgram per kilogram levels. "	( Determination of traces of fipronil and its metabolites in pollen by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Faucon, JP; Kadar, A, 2006)	2.07
"Fipronil is an active and nonrepellent termiticide against western subterranean termites, Reticulitermes hesperus Banks, on sand at relevant doses."	( Toxicity, uptake, and transfer efficiency of fipronil in western subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Rust, MK; Saran, RK, 2007)	1.32
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide used in agricultural and domestic settings for controlling various insect pests in crops, lawns, and residential structures. "	( Toxicity of fipronil and its enantiomers to marine and freshwater non-targets. Avants, JK; Black, MC; Chung, KW; Delorenzo, ME; Garrison, AW; Key, PB; Overmyer, JP; Rouse, DR; Wilson, WA, )	1.95
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole pesticide that has greatly increased in popularity in recent years. "	( Enantioselective Chronic Toxicity of Fipronil to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Avants, JK; Black, MC; Garrison, AW; Konwick, BJ; Wilson, WA, 2008)	2.06
"Fipronil is an outstanding new insecticide for crop protection with good selectivity between insects and mammals. "	( Fipronil insecticide: novel photochemical desulfinylation with retention of neurotoxicity. Casida, JE; Hainzl, D, 1996)	3.18
"Fipronil is a safe and effective treatment for trombiculid infestations in dogs."	( Treatment of Trombicula autumnalis infestation in dogs and cats with a 0.25 per cent fipronil pump spray. Cheetham, HC; French, AT; Nuttall, TJ; Proctor, FJ, 1998)	1.25
"Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide that is the active ingredient in the pesticide Icon 6.2 FS which is applied to rice seeds targeting the rice water weevil. "	( Toxicity of fipronil and its degradation products to Procambarus sp.: field and laboratory studies. Allgood, J; Bedient, P; Beeler, AB; Bennett, E; Block, D; Holder, AW; Hovinga, R; Huggett, DB; Rimoldi, J; Schlenk, D, 2001)	2.13

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"As fipronil (1) has a high K(ow), (2) is persistent in sediments where meiobenthic copepods live, and (3) has been detected in estuarine waters >0.7 microg/L, it may pose high risk to copepod production in estuarine systems."	( Phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil induces male infertility in the estuarine meiobenthic crustacean Amphiascus tenuiremis. Cary, TL; Chandler, GT; Ferry, JL; Volz, DC; Walse, SS, 2004)	1.13
"Fipronil has been frequently detected in waterways worldwide at concentrations that threaten aquatic organisms, yet the metabolic behavior of fipronil enantiomers in aquatic organisms is largely unknown, which is of significance in enantioselective toxicity evaluation. "	( Identification of Cytochrome P450 Isozymes Involved in Enantioselective Metabolism of Fipronil in Fish Liver: In Vitro Metabolic Kinetics and Molecular Modeling. Li, H; Wu, S; You, J, 2022)	2.39
"Fipronil baits have been used to suppress adult fleas for plague mitigation."	( LETHAL EFFECTS ON FLEA LARVAE OF FIPRONIL IN HOST FECES: POTENTIAL BENEFITS FOR PLAGUE MITIGATION. Biggins, DE; Eads, DA; Hughes, JP; Tretten, TN, 2023)	1.91
"Fipronil has been widely used in agriculture to prevent aggressive insects from damaging agricultural products. "	( Developmental toxicity of fipronil in early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae: Disrupted vascular formation with angiogenic failure and inhibited neurogenesis. Lee, JY; Lim, W; Park, H; Park, S; Song, G, 2020)	2.3
"Fipronil has genotoxic effects on L."	( Genotoxic and melanic alterations in Lithobates catesbeianus (anura) tadpoles exposed to fipronil insecticide. De Oliveira, C; Franco-Belussi, L; Santos, AT; Valverde, BSL, 2021)	1.56
"Fipronil residue has caused widespread concern around the world, especially after the recent "toxic eggs" event in seven European countries. "	( Fipronil-induced toxic effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae by using digital gene expression profiling. Dong, F; Jia, Y; Liu, X; Wu, X; Xu, H; Xu, J; Yang, Y; Zheng, Y, 2018)	3.37
"Fipronil has been used in racemate for agricultural purposes against soil insects, leading to increased inputs into soil environments and complex biota exposures."	( Enantioselective bioaccumulation and toxic effects of fipronil in the earthworm Eisenia foetida following soil exposure. Gao, Y; Guo, B; Li, J; Qin, F; Wang, H; Xu, P, 2015)	1.39
"Fipronil has been widely used to control rice pests, and resistance to fipronil has been reported in some important species."	( Fipronil resistance in the whitebacked planthopper (Sogatella furcifera): possible resistance mechanisms and cross-resistance. Li, J; Liu, Z; Shao, Y; Tang, J; Yang, B, 2010)	2.52
"Fipronil insecticide has been widely used to control rice pests."	( Persistence and metabolism of Fipronil in rice (Oryza sativa Linnaeus) field. Kumar, R; Singh, B, 2013)	1.4
"As fipronil (1) has a high K(ow), (2) is persistent in sediments where meiobenthic copepods live, and (3) has been detected in estuarine waters >0.7 microg/L, it may pose high risk to copepod production in estuarine systems."	( Phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil induces male infertility in the estuarine meiobenthic crustacean Amphiascus tenuiremis. Cary, TL; Chandler, GT; Ferry, JL; Volz, DC; Walse, SS, 2004)	1.13
"Fipronil which has initiated the new generation of insecticides and possesses greater affinity at GABA receptors in insects than humans is supposed to be safer than the old generation of insecticides. "	( Accidental dermal and inhalation exposure with fipronil--a case report. Anand, JS; Chodorowski, Z, 2004)	2.02
"Fipronil insecticide has been widely used to control vegetable pests in China recently. "	( Dynamics of fipronil residue in vegetable-field ecosystem. Gan, JJ; Liu, B; Lu, Y; Zhou, P, 2004)	2.15

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Fipronil can cause thyroid dysfunction, which may affect brain growth and nerve development."	( Preclinical Transplacental Transfer and Pharmacokinetics of Fipronil in Rats. Chang, YN; Tsai, TH, 2020)	1.52
"Fipronil yielded much lower LC50 values (3.00-1.34 mg/L) and was highly toxic compared to the four neonicotinoids."	( Acute and chronic toxicity tests of systemic insecticides, four neonicotinoids and fipronil, using the tadpoles of the western clawed frog Silurana tropicalis. Saka, M; Tada, N, 2021)	1.57
"Fipronil group showed lower weight gain compared with Control group."	( Exposure to fipronil elevates systolic blood pressure and disturbs related biomarkers in plasma of rats. Chaguri, JL; Dias-Junior, CA; Godinho, AF; Gonçalves-Rizzi, VH; Horta, DF; Nascimento, RA; Possomato-Vieira, JS, 2016)	1.53

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Fipronil treatment increased pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and MUC5AC expression in human primary nasal epithelial cells. "	( Fipronil upregulates inflammatory cytokines and MUC5AC expression in human nasal epithelial cells. Bae, CH; Choi, YS; Kim, YD; Kwak, S; Na, HG; Song, SY, 2020)	3.44
"Fipronil treatment in adult female rats significantly decreased total T4 and free triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations."	( Transcriptomic modifications of the thyroid gland upon exposure to phytosanitary-grade fipronil: Evidence for the activation of compensatory pathways. Dupouy, V; Lasserre, F; Leghait, J; Martin, PGP; Pineau, T; Polizzi, A; Roques, BB; Viguié, C, 2020)	1.5
"Fipronil achieved high treatment efficiency within the 30 day amendment with both GAC and PfAC."	( Activated carbon as a means of limiting bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides, triclosan, triclocarban, and fipronil from sediments rich in organic matter. Dang, VD; Denslow, ND; Halden, RU; Kroll, KJ; Supowit, SD, 2018)	1.41
"Fipronil treatment led to the upregulation of several genes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, including the cytochrome P450 Cyp2b1, Cyp2b2 and Cyp3a1, the carboxylesterases Ces2 and Ces6, the phase II enzymes Ugt1a1, Sult1b1 and Gsta2, and the membrane transporters Abcc2, Abcc3, Abcg5, Abcg8, Slco1a1 and Slco1a4."	( The nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor contribute to the impact of fipronil on hepatic gene expression linked to thyroid hormone metabolism. Lacroix, MZ; Lasserre, F; Leghait, J; Martin, PG; Pineau, T; Roques, BB; Viguié, C, 2013)	1.32
"Fipronil-treated seed ingestion might threaten granivorous farmland birds, in particular, Gallinaceous birds that are particularly sensitive to this insecticide."	( Assessing the Risk of Fipronil-Treated Seed Ingestion and Associated Adverse Effects in the Red-Legged Partridge. Camarero, PR; Lopez-Antia, A; Mateo, R; Mougeot, F; Ortiz-Santaliestra, ME, 2015)	1.45
"Fipronil treatment, at 10 μM, increased fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as promoted key regulators of adipocyte differentiation (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-γ), and key regulators of lipogenesis (acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase)."	( Fipronil promotes adipogenesis via AMPKα-mediated pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Clark, JM; Park, Y; Qi, W; Sun, Q; Yang, JJ; Yoon, KS, 2016)	2.6
"Fipronil treatment decreased the action potential frequency in a concentration-dependent manner."	( In vitro effects of fipronil on neuronal excitability in mammalian and molluscan nervous systems. Gyori, J; Varró, P; Világi, I, 2009)	1.4
"Fipronil remains in treated soil at levels toxic to termites for at least 30 months. "	( Effect of vegetation on the longevity, mobility and activity of fipronil applied at the termiticidal rate in laboratory soil columns. Peterson, CJ, 2010)	2.04
"Fipronil-treated birds did not eat or drink following pesticide administration, and as a result lost a significant amount of body mass."	( Fipronil toxicity in northern bobwhite quail Colinus virginianus: reduced feeding behaviour and sulfone metabolite formation. Astheimer, LB; Buttemer, WA; Hooper, MJ; Isanhart, J; Kitulagodage, M, 2011)	2.53
"The fipronil(S)/methoprene treatment allowed a continuous control as demonstrated by the high efficacy against fleas, and also the number of flea-free dogs on seven of the nine weekly assessments, in spite of what was esse"	( Comparative efficacy on dogs of a single topical treatment with fipronil/(S)-methoprene or weekly physiological hygiene shampoos against Ctenocephalides felis in a simulated flea-infested environment. Beugnet, F; Chalvet-Monfray, K; Fourie, J, 2012)	1.1
"Cats treated with fipronil-(S)-methoprene had significantly (P<.01) fewer fleas than those treated with metaflumizone at 12 and 18 hours after treatment (day 0) and on the day 7 infestations."	( A comparative evaluation of the speed of kill and duration of efficacy against weekly infestations with fleas on cats treated with fipronil-(S)-methoprene or metaflumizone. Beugnet, F; Franc, M, 2008)	0.87
"Dog treated with fipronil showed neither canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) nor tick infestations."	( Assay of fipronil efficacy to prevent canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in endemic areas. Beugnet, F; Boni, M; Davoust, B; Marié, JL; Mercier, S; Parzy, D; Vandeweghe, A, 2003)	1.06
"Treatment with fipronil altered cyclicity of female rats lengthening the estrous cycle (days) after a single topic administration of 70 mg/kg (9.7+/-1.18) or 280 mg/kg (14.5+/-1.45) when compared to control (4.8+/-0.17)."	( Reproductive adverse effects of fipronil in Wistar rats. Andrade, AJ; Dalsenter, PR; Nascimento, AJ; Ohi, M, 2004)	0.95
"Treatment with fipronil 1% had a prophylactic effect on scrotal wounds against the development of C."	( Evaluation of the prophylactic effect and curative efficacy of fipronil 1% pour on (Topline) on post-castration scrotal myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax in cattle. Bordin, EL; Lima, WS; Malacco, MA; Oliveira, EL, 2004)	0.9

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Differences in GABA receptor sensitivity, assayed by displacement of 4'-ethynyl-4-n-[2, 3-3H2]propylbicycloorthobenzoate ([3H]EBOB) from the noncompetitive blocker site, appear to be a major factor in fipronil being much more toxic to the insects (housefly and fruit fly) than to the vertebrates (humans, dogs, mice, chickens, quail, and salmon) examined; in insects, the IC50s range from 3 to 12 nM for fipronil and its sulfone and desulfinyl derivatives, while in vertebrates, the IC50 average values are 1103, 175, and 129 nM for fipronil, fipronil sulfone, and desulfinyl fipronil, respectively."	( Mechanisms for selective toxicity of fipronil insecticide and its sulfone metabolite and desulfinyl photoproduct. Casida, JE; Cole, LM; Hainzl, D, 1998)	0.76
" In situ toxicity studies using caged crayfish in culturing ponds receiving effluent from drained rice fields indicated that effluent from rice fields planted with Icon-treated seed was significantly more toxic compared to untreated surface water (40% survival compared to 83% survival)."	( Toxicity of fipronil and its degradation products to Procambarus sp.: field and laboratory studies. Allgood, J; Bedient, P; Beeler, AB; Bennett, E; Block, D; Holder, AW; Hovinga, R; Huggett, DB; Rimoldi, J; Schlenk, D, 2001)	0.69
"9 x 10(8) viable conidia/L had no adverse effect."	( Toxicity and pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes) and fipronil to the fringe-toed lizard Acanthodactylus dumerili (Squamata: Lacertidae). Demba, SA; Peveling, R, 2003)	0.53
"The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible reproductive adverse effects of fipronil (Frontline TopSpot) in female Wistar rats."	( Reproductive adverse effects of fipronil in Wistar rats. Andrade, AJ; Dalsenter, PR; Nascimento, AJ; Ohi, M, 2004)	0.83
" Avermectin was extremely harmful to O sokolowskii but slightly toxic to C plutellae, while chlorfluazuron was more toxic to C plutellae than to O sokolowskii."	( Evaluation of selective toxicity of five pesticides against Plutella xylostella (Lep: Plutellidae) and their side-effects against Cotesia plutellae (Hym: Braconidae) and Oomyzus sokolowskii (Hym: Eulophidae). Guo, SJ; Lin, WC; Liu, SS; Shi, ZH, 2004)	0.32
"Compared with the toxicity test on single organism, the effects of toxic pollutants on organisms at community level are more reliable."	( [Joint acute toxicity of fipronil and bata-cypermethrin to protozoa community]. Liu, GG; Wang, LX; Xu, HJ; Zheng, LQ, 2005)	0.63
" These results indicate that the most toxic isomer of fipronil is organism-specific and that enantioselective toxicity may be more common in crustaceans than in other aquatic organisms."	( Toxicity of fipronil and its enantiomers to marine and freshwater non-targets. Avants, JK; Black, MC; Chung, KW; Delorenzo, ME; Garrison, AW; Key, PB; Overmyer, JP; Rouse, DR; Wilson, WA, )	0.76
" It is effective against certain species of insects that have become resistant to most insecticides, including those acting on the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor, and is much more toxic to insects than to mammals."	( Differential actions of insecticides on target sites: basis for selective toxicity. Ikeda, T; Nagata, K; Narahashi, T; Yeh, JZ; Zhao, X, 2007)	0.34
" The (+) enantiomer was also shown to be significantly more toxic to neonates born during the course of the experiment (LC50 24 = 18."	( Enantioselective Chronic Toxicity of Fipronil to Ceriodaphnia dubia. Avants, JK; Black, MC; Garrison, AW; Konwick, BJ; Wilson, WA, 2008)	0.62
" We estimated oral-dose LD50 by the Up-and-Down method."	( Diacetone alcohol, a dispersant solvent, contributes to acute toxicity of a fipronil-based insecticide in a passerine bird. Astheimer, LB; Buttemer, WA; Kitulagodage, M, 2008)	0.58
" The present study evaluated possible toxic effects of the acaricide fipronil (Frontline) on ovaries of semi-engorged ticks."	( Evaluation of cytotoxic effects of fipronil on ovaries of semi-engorged Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) tick female. Bechara, GH; Camargo-Mathias, MI; de Oliveira, PR, 2008)	0.86
" Fipronil produced 100% mortality irrespective of exposure route, and it was very persistent, because 34-d-old residues still produced this high mortality rate, being as toxic or even more toxic than the reference product dimethoate."	( Lethal and sublethal toxicity of fipronil and imidacloprid on Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Adán, A; Aguado, P; Bengochea, P; Budia, F; Del Estal, P; Medina, P; Viñuela, E, 2011)	1.56
" Curiously, toxicities of the racemate and (+) enantiomer were not significantly different, even though the racemate contains 50% of the (+) enantiomer and 50% of the less toxic (-) enantiomer."	( Enantioselective toxicity and bioaccumulation of fipronil in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) following water and sediment exposures. Avants, J; Baird, S; Black, M; Bringolf, R; Garrison, A; Jones, J, 2013)	0.64
" No treatment related adverse experiences were observed throughout the study."	( Efficacy against nematode and cestode infections and safety of a novel topical fipronil, (S)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel combination product in domestic cats under field conditions in Europe. Capári, B; Chester, ST; Duscher, G; Keidane, D; Kirkova, Z; Kley, K; Knaus, M; Petkevičius, S; Rapti, D; Rehbein, S; Rosentel, J; Tielemans, E; Visser, M; Wagner, A; Wagner, T; Winter, R, 2014)	0.63
"5 times more toxic than the racemate and approximately 2 times more toxic than S-(+)-fipronil after 72 and 96 h of exposure, respectively."	( Enantioselective toxicity, bioaccumulation and degradation of the chiral insecticide fipronil in earthworms (Eisenia feotida). Liu, DH; Ma, RX; Qiu, XX; Qu, H; Wang, P; Xu, P; Zhou, ZQ, 2014)	0.85
"Fipronil is an effective insecticide, but it presents highly toxic effects in nontarget aquatic organisms."	( Enantioselective toxicity and degradation of the chiral insecticide fipronil in Scenedesmus obliguus suspension system. Huang, LD; Liu, DH; Ma, RX; Qiu, XX; Qu, H; Wang, P; Zhou, ZQ, 2014)	2.08
" Okra samples harvested after the estimated PHIs were found safe for human consumption."	( Residue analysis of fipronil and difenoconazole in okra by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and their food safety evaluation. Ahammed Shabeer, TP; Banerjee, K; Hingmire, S; Oulkar, DP; Utture, SC, 2015)	0.74
"00025; n = 10); the associated loss in toxicity was balanced by the formation of toxic fipronil degradates, showing conventional treatment to be unfit for reducing overall toxicity."	( Mass Balance of Fipronil and Total Toxicity of Fipronil-Related Compounds in Process Streams during Conventional Wastewater and Wetland Treatment. Halden, RU; Reyes, EJ; Sadaria, AM; Supowit, SD, 2016)	1
" According to the 72-h LC50 values, S-fipronil was much more toxic than the racemate and R-fipronil."	( The toxicity, bioaccumulation, elimination, conversion of the enantiomers of fipronil in Anodonta woodiana. Jing, X; Liu, DH; Ma, RX; Qu, H; Wang, F; Wang, P; Zhou, ZQ, 2016)	0.93
" Fipronil sulfone was more toxic than fipronil."	( Fipronil sulfone induced higher cytotoxicity than fipronil in SH-SY5Y cells: Protection by antioxidants. Anadón, A; Ares, I; Castellano, V; Martínez, M; Martínez, MA; Martínez-Larrañaga, MR; Ramos, E; Romero, A, 2016)	2.79
" Toxicity testing showed that the majority of untreated storm water samples were toxic to amphipods (Hyalella azteca) and midges (Chironomus dilutus), and toxicity was reduced by the bioswales."	( Bioswales reduce contaminants associated with toxicity in urban storm water. Anderson, BS; Phillips, BM; Siegler, K; Tjeerdema, R; Voorhees, JP, 2016)	0.43
" It has been shown to be safe and efficacious in dogs in controlling tick, flea, sandfly, and mosquito infestations in laboratory conditions."	( Efficacy and Safety of a Permethrin-Fipronil Spot-On Solution (Effitix®) in Dogs Naturally Infested by Ticks in Europe. Bonneau, S; Crastes, N; Navarro, C; Reymond, N, 2016)	0.71
" In laboratory studies, lotilaner was shown to be safe and to produce a rapid flea and tick knockdown, with a sustained speed of kill for at least a month post-treatment."	( A randomised, blinded, controlled field study to assess the efficacy and safety of lotilaner tablets (Credelio™) in controlling fleas in client-owned dogs in European countries. Cavalleri, D; Drake, J; Murphy, M; Nanchen, S; Seewald, W, 2017)	0.46
" Lotilaner tablets were palatable and safe and provided superior flea control to fipronil."	( A randomised, blinded, controlled field study to assess the efficacy and safety of lotilaner tablets (Credelio™) in controlling fleas in client-owned dogs in European countries. Cavalleri, D; Drake, J; Murphy, M; Nanchen, S; Seewald, W, 2017)	0.68
" Lotilaner tablets were safe and provided superior flea control to fipronil/(S)-methoprene."	( A randomized, controlled field study to assess the efficacy and safety of lotilaner (Credelio™) in controlling fleas in client-owned cats in Europe. Cavalleri, D; Murphy, M; Nanchen, S; Seewald, W, 2018)	0.72
"No adverse events related to the two products, nor skin reactions, general signs, or changes in the haematological profile, were observed during the study."	( Six-month field efficacy and safety of the combined treatment of dogs with Frontline Tri-Act® and NexGard Spectra®. Abbate, JM; Arfuso, F; Beugnet, F; Brianti, E; Gaglio, G; Giannetto, S; Halos, L; Napoli, E, 2018)	0.48
" Moreover, retardation in the population growth were observed in response to chlordecone and fipronil in both rotifer species, suggesting that chlordecone and fipronil have a potential adverse effects on life cycle parameters of two rotifer species."	( Adverse effects of the insecticides chlordecone and fipronil on population growth and expression of the entire cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes in the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Han, J; Hwang, UK; Lee, JS; Lee, YH; Park, JC, 2018)	0.95
" Both products were safe and well tolerated."	( Field effectiveness and safety of fluralaner plus moxidectin (Bravecto® Plus) against ticks and fleas: a European randomized, blinded, multicenter field study in naturally-infested client-owned cats. Gil, MJ; Loehlein, W; Pobel, T; Roepke, RKA; Rohdich, N; Wolf, O; Zschiesche, E, 2018)	0.48
"A simple generic toxicity method (test) is proposed using baker's yeast to mediate the reduction of the colourless triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to red, 1,3,5-triphenyl formazan, which can be extracted by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), enabling the identification of reducible toxic compounds (e."	( YTOX: a rapid toxicity test based on the dehydrogenase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for detection of contaminants in water samples. Andrino, FG; da Silva, APM; de Lira, SP; Duarte, KMR; Ferrarezi, JA; Gomes, LH; Kamogawa, MY; Laguna, SE; Tavares, ACL, 2019)	0.51
" In this study, we used zebrafish to evaluate the maternal transfer risk of fipronil (FIP), which is a great threat to aquatic organisms with toxic metabolite formation."	( Maternal exposure to fipronil results in sulfone metabolite enrichment and transgenerational toxicity in zebrafish offspring: Indication for an overlooked risk in maternal transfer? Liu, J; Liu, W; Niu, L; Sun, X; Xu, C; Ye, J; Zhang, C, 2019)	1.06
" These results contribute to the growing knowledge on the effects of insecticidal usage in agriculture on non-target invertebrates, and necessitate the need to explore alternate insecticides that can effectively control insect pests but safe for non-target organisms."	( Side effects of insecticidal usage in rice farming system on the non-target house fly Musca domestica in Punjab, Pakistan. Khan, HAA, 2020)	0.56
"In addition to controlling pest organisms, the systemic neurotoxic pesticide fipronil can also have adverse effects on beneficial insects and other non-target organisms."	( Reprotoxic effects of the systemic insecticide fipronil on the butterfly Gols, R; van Loon, JJA; WallisDeVries, MF, 2020)	1.04
"Fipronil (FPN) is a relatively new and broad spectrum insecticide that induces toxic effects to animals and humans through induction of oxidative stress."	( Ginseng attenuates fipronil-induced hepatorenal toxicity via its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities in rats. Abd El Latif, AS; Abd Eldaim, MAA; El-Borai, NB; Hassan, A, 2020)	2.33
"34 mg/L) and was highly toxic compared to the four neonicotinoids."	( Acute and chronic toxicity tests of systemic insecticides, four neonicotinoids and fipronil, using the tadpoles of the western clawed frog Silurana tropicalis. Saka, M; Tada, N, 2021)	0.85
"During 5- and 10-day laboratory trials in Colorado, USA, 2016-2017, FIP grain had no detectable acute toxic effect on 20 BTPDs that readily consumed the grain."	( Assembling a safe and effective toolbox for integrated flea control and plague mitigation: Fipronil experiments with prairie dogs. Biggins, D; Childers, E; Dobesh, P; Eads, D; Grady, AC; Grassel, S; Halsell, E; Hughes, J; Kaczor, N; Livieri, T; Lucas, D; Noble, L; Tretten, T; Vasquez, M, 2022)	0.94
" Accumulating data show orally-delivered FIP is safe and usually effective for flea control with BTPDs, though potential acute toxic effects cannot be ruled out."	( Assembling a safe and effective toolbox for integrated flea control and plague mitigation: Fipronil experiments with prairie dogs. Biggins, D; Childers, E; Dobesh, P; Eads, D; Grady, AC; Grassel, S; Halsell, E; Hughes, J; Kaczor, N; Livieri, T; Lucas, D; Noble, L; Tretten, T; Vasquez, M, 2022)	0.94
" Several methods have been already introduced for the removal of toxic fipronil including physicochemical and by the implementation of microorganisms."	( Insights into the toxicity and biodegradation of fipronil in contaminated environment. Bhatt, K; Bhatt, P; Bilal, M; Chen, S; Gangola, S; Huang, Y; Ramola, S; Zhou, Z, 2023)	1.4
" We further investigated the potentially toxic effects of Fip, Fip-S, and Fip-Sf on the exotic mysid, Americamysis bahia (Crustacea: Mysidae)."	( Adverse effects of contamination by fipronil and its derivatives on growth, molting, and gene expression in the mysid crustacean, Americamysis bahia, in Japanese estuaries. Arizono, K; Hirano, M; Ishibashi, H; Mizukawa, H; Tominaga, N; Uchida, M, 2023)	1.19

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Four studies were conducted to determine the pharmacokinetic characteristics and in vitro metabolism of eprinomectin, a semi-synthetic avermectin, in cats."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of eprinomectin in cats when administered in a novel topical combination of fipronil, (S)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel. Kellermann, M; Knaus, M; Kvaternick, V; Rehbein, S; Rosentel, J, 2014)	0.62
" The amount of fipronil distributed to the fetus was greater than that of fipronil sulfone in the short term, but by contrast, pharmacokinetic data showed that the latter stayed longer in the body."	( Preclinical Transplacental Transfer and Pharmacokinetics of Fipronil in Rats. Chang, YN; Tsai, TH, 2020)	1.15

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"A controlled clinical trial was carried out to assess the effectiveness of pyriprole, metaflumizone combined with amitraz, and fipronil-(S)-methoprene commercial spot-on products in preventing adult female Culex pipiens pipiens from feeding on dogs."	( Efficacy of fipronil-(S)-methoprene, metaflumizone combined with amitraz, and pyriprole commercial spot-on products in preventing Culex pipiens pipiens from feeding on dogs. Bouhsira, E; Franc, M; Fysikopoulos, A, 2009)	0.94

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" However, biodegradation seems to be dependent on the bioavailability of the fipronil and the half-life according to the zero-order model."	( Degradation of fipronil under laboratory conditions in a tropical soil from sirinhaém pernambuco, Brazil. Masutti, CS; Mermut, AR, 2007)	0.92
" It has been suggested that bioavailability of sediment-sorbed pesticides is reduced, but data on toxicity of sediment-associated pesticides for pyrethroids and fipronil are limited."	( Effect of sediment-associated pyrethroids, fipronil, and metabolites on Chironomus tentans growth rate, body mass, condition index, immobilization, and survival. Brennan, AA; Harwood, AD; Lydy, MJ; Maul, JD, 2008)	0.8
"Degradation and bioavailability of imidacloprid, fipronil, and bifenthrin applied at label rates ([AI], wt:wt in soil) in the loamy soil of Nebraska were determined over a 6-mo duration."	( Concentration-dependent degradation of three termiticides in soil under laboratory conditions and their bioavailability to eastern subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Kamble, ST; Saran, RK, 2008)	0.6
" The fate and bioavailability of fipronil in soil is dependent upon the variability of sorption processes and will differ from soil to soil."	( Sorption and desorption of fipronil in midwestern soils. Kamble, ST; Spomer, NA, 2010)	0.94
"This study investigated the influence of two types of biochars on the bioavailability of two soil-applied insecticides (chlorpyrifos and fipronil) to Chinese chives ( Allium tuberosum ) and dissipation of the pesticides in the biochar-amended soils."	( Influence of biochars on plant uptake and dissipation of two pesticides in an agricultural soil. He, HP; Peng, PA; Wang, L; Yang, XB; Ying, GG; Yuan, P; Zhang, LJ; Zhao, JL, 2010)	0.56
" To show the importance of physicochemical properties, the classic QSAR and CoMFA of neonicotinoids and prediction of bioavailability of pesticides in terms of membrane permeability in comparison with drugs are described."	( Importance of physicochemical properties for the design of new pesticides. Akamatsu, M, 2011)	0.37
" We investigated whether adsorption to unconsumed food particles may have limited fipronil bioavailability by using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography to measure the available fipronil from fed and unfed systems 24h after establishment."	( The acute toxicity of fipronil to two non-target invertebrates associated with mosquito breeding sites in Australia. Burdett, AS; Doran, G; Helliwell, S; Mudford, EM; Stevens, MM, 2011)	0.91
"The aim of this study was to test the bioavailability and degradation in soil of the termiticides bifenthrin and fipronil, which are used to treat subterranean termites (Heterotermes indicola, Wasmann)."	( HPLC Analysis to Determine the Half-life and Bioavailability of the Termiticides Bifenthrin and Fipronil in Soil. Manzoor, F; Pervez, M, 2017)	0.88
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" After fipronil administration in male rats, the oral bioavailability decreased, whereas the biotransformation increased as the dose increased, revealing an enhancement of first-pass effect and a fast metabolism in vivo."	( Preclinical Transplacental Transfer and Pharmacokinetics of Fipronil in Rats. Chang, YN; Tsai, TH, 2020)	1.26

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" In the case of the wild type receptor, fipronil blocked GABA-induced currents inducing both a shift to the right in the GABA dose-response curve and depressing the maximum amplitude of responses to GABA."	( Actions of the insecticide fipronil, on dieldrin-sensitive and- resistant GABA receptors of Drosophila melanogaster. Baylis, HA; Buckingham, SD; Hosie, AM; Sattelle, DB, 1995)	0.86
" Resistance to fipronil was detected by topically dosing adult males with the LC99 of fipronil, the value of which was determined in a dose-response assay with males of an insecticide-susceptible strain."	( Origin and extent of resistance to fipronil in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Holbrook, GL; Moore, CB; Roebuck, J; Schal, C; Waldvogel, MG, 2003)	0.95
" Therefore, a dosage of 24 g hm(-2) was suggested and considered as safe to human beings and animals."	( Dynamics of fipronil residue in vegetable-field ecosystem. Gan, JJ; Liu, B; Lu, Y; Zhou, P, 2004)	0.7
" Dose-response studies were conducted for representative members from the organophosphate, pyrethroid, pyrazole, carbamate, macrocyclic lactone, and formamidine chemistries against Amblyomma americanum (L."	( An in vitro larval immersion microassay for identifying and characterizing candidate acaricides. Davey, RB; Gutierrez, JA; Hughes, S; Kemp, DH; Kemper, CJ; Miller, RJ; Plummer, PR; Smith, CK; White, WH, 2004)	0.32
" Results from this bioassay demonstrated efficacy with fipronil, ivermectin, permethrin, and chlorpyrifos, and dose-response relationships for each acaricide were determined."	( An in vivo rodent model for identifying and characterizing acaricides. Bauer, SM; Gutierrez, JA; Hutchens, DE; Kemper, CJ; Plummer, PR; Smith, CK; White, WH; Zhao, X, 2006)	0.58
" At high dosage it can be used to control subterranean termites in building foundations."	( Persistence and vertical distribution of termiticide fipronil in modified ground board test. Gupta, P; Jaya, M; Kumar, A; Sharma, KK; Sharma, V; Singh, B, 2008)	0.6
" A total of 173 cats with flea infestation qualified as primary patients and were randomly allocated to one of the two treatments in a ratio of approximately 2:1 for metaflumizone (minimum dosage of 40mg/kg) or fipronil (at the recommended label rate)."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a novel formulation of metaflumizone in cats naturally infested with fleas in Europe. Adler, K; DeLay, RL; Hellmann, K; Parker, L; Pfister, K; Rugg, D, 2007)	0.53
" One hundred eighty one dogs with tick infestation and 170 dogs with flea infestation (plus three dogs harboring both ticks and fleas) qualified as primary patients and were randomly allocated to one of two treatments in a ratio of approximately 2:1 for metaflumizone plus amitraz (minimum dosage of 20 plus 20mg/kg) or fipronil (at the recommended label rate)."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a novel formulation of metaflumizone plus amitraz in dogs naturally infested with fleas and ticks in Europe. Adler, K; Delay, RL; Hellmann, K; Parker, L; Pfister, K; Rugg, D, 2007)	0.51
" Dose-response curves were compared with a fipronil resistant strain."	( In vitro tests to establish LC50 and discriminating concentrations for fipronil against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) and their standardization. Castro-Janer, E; Gil, A; Miller, RJ; Piaggio, J; Rifran, L; Schumaker, TT, 2009)	0.85
" The method was applied to monitor plasma concentrations following a commonly used dosage regimen for the toxicological evaluation of fipronil in rats."	( Quantification of fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulfone in rat plasma over a wide range of concentrations by LC/UV/MS. Lacroix, MZ; Puel, S; Toutain, PL; Viguié, C, 2010)	0.9
" Body mass decreased at all time points in dosed birds."	( Fipronil toxicity in northern bobwhite quail Colinus virginianus: reduced feeding behaviour and sulfone metabolite formation. Astheimer, LB; Buttemer, WA; Hooper, MJ; Isanhart, J; Kitulagodage, M, 2011)	1.81
" In the first study, breeding female zebra finches were orally dosed with single sublethal levels of fipronil (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight) to determine behavioural and developmental consequences on chicks following maternal pesticide exposure."	( Adverse effects of fipronil on avian reproduction and development: maternal transfer of fipronil to eggs in zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata and in ovo exposure in chickens Gallus domesticus. Astheimer, LB; Buttemer, WA; Kitulagodage, M, 2011)	0.91
"Critical body residues (CBRs) are the measured tissue toxicant concentrations yielding a median dose-response on a dry-weight or lipid-normalized basis."	( A critical body residue approach for predicting persistent bioaccumulative toxicant effects on reproduction and population dynamics of meiobenthic copepods. Chandler, GT; Ferguson, PL; Klauber, WW; Washburn, KM, 2012)	0.38
" bengalensis faeces up to 10 days post-treatment at all three dosage levels."	( Feed-through insecticides for the control of the sand fly Phlebotomus argentipes. Garlapati, R; Ingenloff, K; Poché, D; Poché, RM; Remmers, JL; Singh, MI, 2013)	0.39
") was given to rats, the proportion of dose eliminated in urine and feces 72 h after dosing was ca 4% for each route."	( Disposition of fipronil in rats. Cravedi, JP; Debrauwer, L; Delous, G; Viguié, C; Zalko, D, 2013)	0.74
" The maximum concentrations were reached 24h after dosing in the majority of the animals (six of eight cats)."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of eprinomectin in cats when administered in a novel topical combination of fipronil, (S)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel. Kellermann, M; Knaus, M; Kvaternick, V; Rehbein, S; Rosentel, J, 2014)	0.62
" Although the adult bioassays permitted a more precise dosage applied, the larval bioassays allowed for testing isolates without the need to maintain on synthetic or natural hosts."	( Susceptibility of cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) to fipronil and imidacloprid using adult and larval bioassays. Blagburn, B; Coleman, G; Davis, W; Denholm, I; Foit, S; Hostetler, J; Kopp, S; Mencke, N; Rees, R; Rust, MK; Tetzner, K; Vetter, R; Williamson, MS, 2014)	0.65
" Changes in thyroid hormones and relative amounts of fipronil and its sulfone metabolite also differed between the dosing regimens."	( Assessment of serum biomarkers in rats after exposure to pesticides of different chemical classes. Crooks, J; Freeborn, DL; Hedge, JM; Herr, DW; MacMillan, DK; McMahen, RL; Moser, VC; Stewart, N; Strynar, MJ; Wood, CE, 2015)	0.67
" To understand more about the potential risks for human exposure associated with fipronil, urine and serum from dosed Long Evans adult rats (5 and 10mg/kg bw) were analyzed to identify metabolites as potential biomarkers for use in human biomonitoring studies."	( Identification of fipronil metabolites by time-of-flight mass spectrometry for application in a human exposure study. Andersen, EM; Dagnino, S; Freeborn, DL; Garantziotis, S; Herr, DW; Lindstrom, AB; McMahen, RL; McMillan, L; Moser, VC; Strynar, MJ, 2015)	0.98
" If so, dosage and concentration of fipronil may need to be adjusted for effective eradication of each supercolony."	( Different acute toxicity of fipronil baits on invasive Linepithema humile supercolonies and some non-target ground arthropods. Goka, K; Hayasaka, D; Inoue, MN; Ishida, T; Kuwayama, N; Mano, H; Nagai, T; Sánchez-Bayo, F; Sawahata, T; Takeo, A, 2015)	0.99
" Total fipronil application dosage ranged from 67."	( Fipronil washoff to municipal wastewater from dogs treated with spot-on products. Budd, R; Hernandez, J; Teerlink, J, 2017)	2.35
" All animals were dosed via oral gavage for 4 weeks."	( Synergistic antioxidant effects of resveratrol and curcumin against fipronil-triggered oxidative damage in male albino rats. Abdel-Daim, MM; AlBasher, G; Aleya, L; Almeer, R; Bungau, S; Hamza, RZ; Ibrahim, KA, 2020)	0.79
" Therefore, to better characterize the effect of a dietary exposure route, juvenile Chinook salmon were fed chironomids dosed with a concentration of 9 or 900 ng/g of bifenthrin, fipronil, or their mixture for 25 days at concentrations previously measured in field-collected samples."	( Dietary Exposure to Bifenthrin and Fipronil Impacts Swimming Performance in Juvenile Chinook Salmon ( Acuña, S; Anzalone, S; Fuller, N; Huff Hartz, KE; Lydy, MJ; Magnuson, JT; Schlenk, D; Whitledge, GW, 2022)	1.19
" The level of exposure to the herein assessed pesticides was quantified at the end of the incubation period; it was done by dosing its concentration in eggshells."	( The exposure in ovo of embryos belonging to Amazonian turtle species Podocnemis expansa (Testudines) to commercial glyphosate and fipronil formulations impairs their growth and changes their skeletal development. Ambrósio, IS; Araújo, APDC; Costa, MS; de Andrade, DV; de Castro Pereira, C; de Faria, AM; de Lima, PN; de Melo E Silva, D; de Moura Bife Castilho, L; Dos Santos, ALR; Hirano, LQL; Malafaia, G; Mendonça, JDS; Santos, ALQ; Vieira, LG, 2022)	0.93

Class	Description
nitrile	A compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it.
dichlorobenzene	Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.
primary amino compound	A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group.
pyrazoles
sulfoxide	An organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H).
(trifluoromethyl)benzenes	An organofluorine compound that is (trifluoromethyl)benzene and derivatives arising from substitution of one or more of the phenyl hydrogens.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	12.7798	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.7009	0.1737	34.3047	61.8120	AID1346924
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.3872	0.0316	37.5844	354.8130	AID504865
SMAD family member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.7009	0.1737	34.3047	61.8120	AID1346924
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.6093	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978; AID686979
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.2991	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369; AID1259392
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.9251	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243; AID1259247; AID588515; AID743035; AID743042; AID743054; AID743063
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.5970	0.0006	57.9133	22,387.1992	AID1259377; AID1259378
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	55.4699	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893
progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.8305	0.0004	17.9460	75.1148	AID1346795
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.6730	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1346984; AID1645841
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	42.9645	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID720692
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	28.7083	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.9676	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID1159527
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.8200	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259401; AID1259403
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	41.3744	0.3758	27.4851	61.6524	AID743217
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.2175	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982; AID1346985; AID720659
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.5769	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID1259244; AID1259248; AID1259383; AID588513; AID743069; AID743075; AID743078; AID743079; AID743080; AID743091
G	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Potency	3.8902	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.8902	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
glucocerebrosidase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.0126	8.1569	44.6684	AID2101
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	40.7470	0.0010	24.5048	61.6448	AID588534; AID588535; AID743215
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.4813	0.0237	23.2282	63.5986	AID588543
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.4704	0.0017	23.8393	78.1014	AID743083
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.1534	0.0016	28.0151	77.1139	AID1259385; AID1259395
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.2150	19.7391	45.9784	64.9432	AID1159509
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	55.2705	0.0578	21.1097	61.2679	AID1159526
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	58.6544	0.3548	28.0659	89.1251	AID504847
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	21.3829	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065; AID743066; AID743067
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.3332	0.0376	17.0823	61.1927	AID1259364
heat shock protein beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	62.0146	0.0420	27.3789	61.6448	AID743210
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	16.5214	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID651741; AID743202; AID743219
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	19.9016	0.0079	8.2332	1,122.0200	AID2546; AID2551
peripheral myelin protein 22	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	16.2759	0.0056	12.3677	36.1254	AID624032; AID624044
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.7828	0.1259	12.2344	35.4813	AID1458
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.0316	10.2792	39.8107	AID884; AID885
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.6234	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1487
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	14.0163	0.0015	57.7890	15,848.9004	AID1259244
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.8902	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.8902	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	28.3469	0.0023	19.5956	74.0614	AID651631; AID651743
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	14.0163	0.0015	51.7393	15,848.9004	AID1259244
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.8902	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	3.8902	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	1.0201	6.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	1.0201	6.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	1.1494	8.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	1.0393	6.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	1.2915	8.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0194	0.0001	1.3018	8.0000	AID242615; AID71250; AID71279
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	0.9800	6.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	1.1993	6.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	1.0201	6.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	0.9374	6.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	1.0193	6.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	1.0201	6.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	1.0201	6.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	1.0201	6.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	1.0201	6.0000	AID242615
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0023	0.0001	1.0201	6.0000	AID242615
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergy	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacterium	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replication	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespan	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-ray	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
viral process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibiotic	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behavior	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-C	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin D	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processing	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substance	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system neuron development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to progesterone	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
ovulation cycle	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
post-embryonic development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
adult behavior	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
roof of mouth development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
associative learning	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
inner ear receptor cell development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
innervation	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inner ear receptor cell development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
innervation	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chloride transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complex	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replication fork	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
PML body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand break	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellar Golgi cell to granule cell synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar center	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeleton	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID242615	In vitro insecticidal activity as inhibition of [3H]EBOB binding to Gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA-A receptor of housefly neuronal membranes	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-04, Volume: 14, Issue:19	Synthesis and GABA receptor potency of 3-thiomethyl-4-(hetero)aryl-5-amino-1-phenylpyrazoles.
AID1104922	Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested tomato leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method	2011	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 67, Issue:1	Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
AID1082680	Insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) third-instar larvae measured 24 hr post dose by leaf disk dipping assay	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-14, Volume: 59, Issue:23	Synthesis of glucose-fipronil conjugate and its phloem mobility.
AID71279	Inhibition of [3H]EBOB binding to drosophila GABA-A receptor (range 1-28)	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-19, Volume: 11, Issue:22	Fipronil-based photoaffinity probe for Drosophila and human beta 3 GABA receptors.
AID1112009	Termiticidal activity against Reticulitermes flavipes assessed as mortality after 4 days by forced exposure test	2012	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 68, Issue:1	Bifenthrin longevity at the termiticidal application rate.
AID1104923	Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cucumber leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method	2011	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 67, Issue:1	Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
AID1111182	Insecticidal activity against B-biotype thiamethoxam-resistant Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) in cabbage leaf assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf disk assay	2010	Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3	Cross-resistance study and biochemical mechanisms of thiamethoxam resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
AID313431	Parasiticidal activity against Ctenocephalides felis by cat flea assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1	Parasiticidal 2-alkoxy- and 2-aryloxyiminoalkyl trifluoromethanesulfonanilides.
AID1082684	Phloem mobility in Ricinus communis (castor bean) seedlings phloem sap assessed as drug level at 200 uM measured 8 hr post dose by DiBAC4 indicator based flow cytometry	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-14, Volume: 59, Issue:23	Synthesis of glucose-fipronil conjugate and its phloem mobility.
AID293137	Parasiticidal activity against Ctenocephalides felis	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 17, Issue:4	Discovery of (Z)-2-phenyl-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)acrylonitrile derivatives active against Haemonchus contortus and Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea).
AID71250	Inhibition of [3H]EBOB binding to human GABA-A receptor beta3 subunit (range 1-28)	2001	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-19, Volume: 11, Issue:22	Fipronil-based photoaffinity probe for Drosophila and human beta 3 GABA receptors.
AID1091958	Hydrophobicity, log P of the compound in octanol-water by shaking-flask method	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-13, Volume: 59, Issue:7	Importance of physicochemical properties for the design of new pesticides.
AID1112011	Termiticidal activity against Reticulitermes flavipes assessed as mortality at 0.6 ug/g after 3 days by forced exposure test	2012	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 68, Issue:1	Bifenthrin longevity at the termiticidal application rate.
AID1104924	Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cotton leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method	2011	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 67, Issue:1	Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
AID1104920	Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested cabbage leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method	2011	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 67, Issue:1	Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
AID1112896	Displacement of [3H]-methyl-SFX from nAChR in Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) 4106A membrane at 1 ppm after 70 min	2013	Pest management science, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Investigating the mode of action of sulfoxaflor: a fourth-generation neonicotinoid.
AID1112010	Termiticidal activity against Reticulitermes flavipes assessed as mortality at 0.06 ug/g after 7 days by forced exposure test	2012	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 68, Issue:1	Bifenthrin longevity at the termiticidal application rate.
AID1111181	Cross resistant, ratio of LC50 for B-biotype thiamethoxam-resistant Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) to LC50 for B-biotype thiamethoxam-sensitive Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly)	2010	Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3	Cross-resistance study and biochemical mechanisms of thiamethoxam resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
AID211492	Mortality percent was determined in flea; range is 50-100%	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-17, Volume: 13, Issue:22	5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-3-[3H3]-methylsulfanyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (CTOM): synthesis and characterization of a novel and selective insect GABA receptor radioligand.
AID1111183	Insecticidal activity against B-biotype thiamethoxam-sensitive Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) in cabbage leaf assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf disk assay	2010	Pest management science, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3	Cross-resistance study and biochemical mechanisms of thiamethoxam resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
AID1081394	Insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella assessed as mortality at 5 mg/L measured after 72 hr	2010	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 58, Issue:5	Synthesis and fungicidal activity of aryl carbamic acid-5-aryl-2-furanmethyl ester.
AID1082682	Phloem mobility in Ricinus communis (castor bean) seedlings phloem sap assessed as drug level at 200 uM by HPLC-MS method	2011	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Dec-14, Volume: 59, Issue:23	Synthesis of glucose-fipronil conjugate and its phloem mobility.
AID1104925	Insecticidal activity against Bemisia tabaci (sweet potato whitefly) infested poinsettia leaves assessed as mortality after 48 hr by leaf dip method	2011	Pest management science, Jan, Volume: 67, Issue:1	Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299	A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	24 (2.34)	18.2507
2000's	252 (24.54)	29.6817
2010's	526 (51.22)	24.3611
2020's	225 (21.91)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	66 (6.30%)	5.53%
Reviews	18 (1.72%)	6.00%
Case Studies	19 (1.81%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	945 (90.17%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	10.83	28	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.13	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.61	2	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
carbamates [no description available]	3.44	7	0	amino-acid anion
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	3.13	4	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chlordecone [no description available]	7.17	1	0	cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound	insecticide; persistent organic pollutant
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.05	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	7.5	2	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.06	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	2.25	1	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.21	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.	2.03	1	0	chlorocyclohexane
glycine [no description available]	8.22	5	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	2.02	1	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.72	3	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
melatonin [no description available]	7.6	1	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	3.02	4	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.46	2	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.	7.1	1	0	pyrazole
taurine [no description available]	7.21	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.11	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.	2	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	neurotoxin
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	9.57	18	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	2.25	1	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenytoin [no description available]	2.06	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	2.25	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	2.06	1	0	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acephate acephate : A phosphoramide that is methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.	2.06	1	0	mixed diacylamine; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.06	1	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
alachlor alachlor : An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.	2.06	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.06	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
theophylline [no description available]	2.06	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.46	2	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
atrazine [no description available]	3.67	9	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
bendiocarb bendiocarb: FICAM 80W contains 80% of the above chemical cpd as the active ingredient	2.41	2	0	benzodioxoles; carbamate ester	agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
bentazone bentazone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bentazone : A benzothiadiazine that is 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3.	2.53	2	0	benzothiadiazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	2.5	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
caffeine [no description available]	2.52	2	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	4.72	28	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.06	1	0	clonidine; imidazoline
coumaphos Coumaphos: A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.	2.83	3	0	organic thiophosphate; organochlorine compound; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antinematodal drug; avicide; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	4.01	13	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.06	1	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.43	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.98	4	0	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
dichlobanil 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile : A nitrile that is benzonitrile which is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 6. A cellulose synthesis inhibitor, it is used as a pre-emergent and early post-emergent herbicide.	2.06	1	0	dichlorobenzene; nitrile	agrochemical; cellulose synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.	2.58	2	0	chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.75	3	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	7.4	2	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	2.48	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	2.43	2	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
endosulfan Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.	3.91	12	0	cyclic sulfite ester; cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
ethoprophos ethoprop: structure	7.13	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; antinematodal drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
fenthion Fenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.. fenthion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities.	2.06	1	0	organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
fenvalerate fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	7.46	2	0	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; monochlorobenzenes	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.41	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.06	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	2.11	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.06	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.06	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.06	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.15	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.02	1	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.06	1	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: a glutamate uptake inhibitor	2.05	1	0
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.06	1	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	3.69	9	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
methomyl Methomyl: A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity.. methomyl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of methylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime.	2.75	3	0	aliphatic sulfide; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; nematicide; xenobiotic
methoxychlor Methoxychlor: An insecticide. Methoxychlor has estrogenic effects in mammals, among other effects.	2.41	2	0	organochlorine insecticide
metolachlor metolachlor: structure given in first source. metolachlor : A racemate that consists of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-metolachlor.. 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide : An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a (2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl) group at the nitrogen atom.	7.46	2	0	aromatic amide; benzenes; ether; organochlorine compound
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	2	1	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	2.86	3	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
naled Naled: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. naled : An dialkyl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of the acidic hydroxy group of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate with the alcoholic hydroxy group of 1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethanol. An organophosphate insecticide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.	7.21	1	0	dialkyl phosphate; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	2.06	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxibendazole oxibendazole: structure	2.17	1	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	2.06	1	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
piperazine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	2.06	1	0	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.06	1	0	acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	7.03	20	4	isoquinolines
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	2.11	1	0	diarylmethane
propoxur Propoxur: A carbamate insecticide.. propoxur : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted at position 2 by a propan-2-yloxy group.	8.27	6	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.06	1	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
ranitidine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aralkylamine
butyl phosphorotrithioate butyl phosphorotrithioate: a herbicide	2.49	2	0	organic thiophosphate	defoliant
sodium fluoride [no description available]	2.08	1	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
triclosan [no description available]	7.17	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluralin Trifluralin: A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.. trifluralin : A substituted aniline that is N,N-dipropylaniline substituted by a nitro groups at positions 2 and 6 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is an agrochemical used as a pre-emergence herbicide.	7.43	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.06	1	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
corticosterone [no description available]	2.06	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.06	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	8.46	7	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	3.19	5	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	2.52	2	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.74	3	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.44	2	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.06	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	7.17	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.72	3	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
chlordan Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.41	2	0	cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	2.25	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	2.06	1	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.31	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
phlorhizin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	2.96	4	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.25	1	0
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	2.04	1	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)	2.17	1	0	chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	xenobiotic metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.04	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.78	3	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	3.63	8	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	7.31	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
dinoseb dinoseb: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. dinoseb : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-dinoseb.. 2-(butan-2-yl)-4,6-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol that is 2,4-dinitrophenol substituted by a butan-2-yl group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	dinitrophenol
methyleugenol methyleugenol: structure	2.48	2	0	phenylpropanoid
triclocarban triclocarban: bacteriostat; antiseptic in soaps & other cleansing solns; germicide; structure. triclocarban : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively.	7.17	1	0	dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
boric acid [no description available]	3.41	7	0	boric acids	astringent
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.15	1	0	alkane
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.75	3	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	2.15	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
nonane iotrochotin: toxin from the Caribbean sponge Iotrochota birotulata, which selectively permeabilizes synaptosomes. nonane : A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.	7.03	1	0	alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	2.21	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
pyridafenthion [no description available]	1.99	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; pyridazinone	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	6.94	10	7	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	3.86	11	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	2.21	1	0	organic cation
paraoxon [no description available]	2.11	1	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
bromacil bromacil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromacil : A racemate consisting of equimolar concentrations of (R)- and (S)-bromacil.. 5-bromo-3-(butan-2-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione : A pyrimidone that is pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione substituted by a bromo group at position 5, a butan-2-yl group at position 3 and a methyl group at position 6.	2.06	1	0	organobromine compound; pyrimidone
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.	2.06	1	0	dichlorobenzene; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.13	1	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	7.17	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).	7.6	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols	agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	2.13	1	0	thiazolidine
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.1	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	5.18	9	1	dialdehyde	biomarker
allyl sulfide allyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1	7.17	1	0	organic sulfide
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	7.52	2	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
methidathion methidathion: widely used on citrus, tobacco, alfalfa, cotton, sorghum & several other crops	2.06	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
diazoxon diazoxon: a pesticide; structure. diazoxon : An organic phosphate that is diethyl hydrogen phosphate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 6-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl group. It is a metabolite of the pesticide diazinon.	2.11	1	0	organic phosphate; pyrimidines	marine xenobiotic metabolite
dimethoxon dimethoxon: pesticide	2.07	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.05	4	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
diphenyldiselenide diphenyldiselenide: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	2.51	2	0	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2	1	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	2.17	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
phenthoate, (+-)-isomer phenthoate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. phenthoate : An organic thiophosphate that is ethyl mandelate in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	2.06	1	0	ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	2.21	1	0	primary alcohol
asulam asulam: wild oat herbicide used in prairie regions for control of wild oats in cereal grains such as wheat; RN given refers to parent cpd. asulam : A carbamate ester that is methyl carbamate substituted by a (4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl group at the nitrogen atom. A dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor, it is used (normally as the corresponding sodium salt, asulam-sodium) as a herbicide, mainly for killing bracken.	2.06	1	0	carbamate ester; primary amino compound; substituted aniline; sulfonamide	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
1-octen-3-ol 1-octen-3-ol: main flavor component of mushrooms; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; bait for insect vectors (tsetse, sandflies, mosquitoes). oct-1-en-3-ol : An alkenyl alcohol with a structure based on a C8 unbranched chain with the hydroxy group at C-2 and unsaturation at C-1-C-2. It is a major volatile compound present in many mushrooms and fungi.	2.08	1	0	alkenyl alcohol; medium-chain fatty alcohol	antimicrobial agent; fungal metabolite; insect attractant; volatile oil component
cue-lure [no description available]	2.02	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
ecdysone [no description available]	7.07	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid	prohormone
bpmc BPMC: structure. fenobucarb : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 2-sec-butylphenol with methylcarbamic acid.	2.49	2	0	carbamate ester	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; insecticide
salithion salithion: causes irreversible ataxia in chicken, mice & sheep; structure in Pesticide Index, 5th ed, p.202	2.06	1	0	organic thiophosphate
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.98	3	0	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.75	3	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	2.69	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	7.6	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	8.61	6	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	3.69	2	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
phenmedipham phenmedipham: minor descriptor (72-84); on-line search CARBAMATES (72-84); Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, CARBAMATE (75-84), CARBAMATES (72-75). phenmedipham : A carbamate ester that is (3-methylphenyl)carbamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl group.	2	1	0	carbamate ester	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.13	1	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	7.31	1	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.66	2	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.44	2	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
fluorides [no description available]	3.51	1	1	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
cyanazine cyanazine: structure. cyanazine : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethyl amino and a (2-cyanopropan-2-yl)amino group at positions 6 and 4 respectively.	2.06	1	0	1,3,5-triazinylamino nitrile; chloro-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
fenamiphos [no description available]	7	1	0	organophosphate insecticide; organophosphate nematicide; phosphoramidate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.	8.41	7	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
diacetone alcohol diacetone alcohol: skin irritant & catalyst for the resin used in fiberglass manufacture. diacetone alcohol : A beta-hydroxy ketone formed by hydroxylation of 4-methylpentan-2-one at the 4-position. It has been isolated from Achnatherum robustum.	7.04	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone	plant metabolite
pronamide pronamide: structure. propyzamide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-amine. It is used as a systemic post-emergent herbicide for the control grass and broadleaf weeds in a wide range of in a wide variety of fruit and root crops.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound	agrochemical; herbicide
triazophos triazophos: structure	2.77	3	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	3.64	9	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
benthiocarb Saturn: The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its twelve natural satellites include Phoebe and Titan.	2.46	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; monothiocarbamic ester
pirimiphos methyl pirimiphos methyl: structure. pirimiphos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-pyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a diethylamino group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	aminopyrimidine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide
amitraz amitraz: ixodicide (tick control); structure. amitraz : A tertiary amino compound that is 1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and 2,4-dimethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 5.	9.16	25	10	formamidines; tertiary amino compound	acaricide; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
isoproturon isoproturon : A member of the class of phenylureas that is 1,1-dimethylurea substituted by a p-cumenyl group at position 3. A selective, systemic herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals, its use within the EU has been banned after September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2	1	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
diflubenzuron Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.	4.11	3	1	benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes	insect sterilant
cyphenothrin cyphenothrin: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation	7.11	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester insecticide
profenofos [no description available]	2.05	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organic thiophosphate; organochlorine insecticide; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.06	1	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.06	1	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
triadimefon 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; hemiaminal ether; ketone; monochlorobenzenes; triazoles
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	10.36	57	15	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	4.15	15	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified thio moieties	2.46	2	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
closantel closantel: structure. N-{5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid with the amino group of aniline substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by methyl, (4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl, and methyl groups respectively.. closantel : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-clostanel. An anthelmintic, it is used (as the dihydrate of the sodium salt) in veterinary medicine for the treatment of fluke and nematode infections.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organoiodine compound; phenols
buprofezin buprofezin: tradename - Applaud; used for the control of homopterous insect pests; structure given in first source. (E)-buprofezin : A 2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one in which the C=N double bond has E configuration.. buprofezin : A 2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one in which the C=N double bond has Z configuration.	8.19	5	0	thiadiazinane; ureas
fluvalinate fluvalinate: RN given refers to 2-cyano isomer (DL)-isomer	2.11	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
clomazone clomazone: an herbicide. clomazone : An isoxazolidinone that is 1,2-oxazolidin-3-one substituted by a 2-chlorobenzyl group at position 2 and two methyl groups at position 4.	2.08	1	0	isoxazolidinone; monochlorobenzenes	agrochemical; carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
benfuracarb benfuracarb: a procarbamate insecticide	2.06	1	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester; ethyl ester	agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.47	2	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
aica ribonucleotide AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.	2.13	1	0	1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole	cardiovascular drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fluazuron fluazuron: a benzoyl phenylurea compound; ACATAK (tradename) is a pour-on tick development inhibitor containing fluazuron as its active ingredient. fluazuron : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a 3,6-difluorobenzoyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-chloro-3-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl group. It is used to control ticks in cattle.	2.94	3	0	aromatic ether; chloropyridine; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylurea; organochlorine acaricide; organofluorine acaricide; phenylureas	acaricide; mite growth regulator
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3.69	9	0	1,2,3-triazole
ethofenprox ethofenprox: synthetic pyrethroid for insecticidal efficacy against mosquito larvae & on non-target organisms. etofenprox : An aromatic ether that is the 3-phenoxybenzyl ether of 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol.	2.49	2	0	aromatic ether	pyrethroid ether insecticide
fluphenacur fluphenacur: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.51	2	0	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; dichlorobenzene; N-acylurea; organofluorine compound
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	2.08	1	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.	2.69	2	0	cerium molecular entity; metal oxide
sulfluramid sulfluramid: delayed-action insecticide against the cockroach Dyctyoptera; Blattelidae germanica. sulfluramid : A sulfonamide obtained by the formal condensation of perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid with ethylamine.	7.5	2	0	sulfonamide	acaricide; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
tetramethrin tetramethrin: structure	2.11	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; maleimides; phthalimide insecticide	pyrethroid ester insecticide
tebuconazole Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.	2.08	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
difenoconazole difenoconazole : A member of the class of dioxolanes that is 1,3-dioxolane substituted at position 2 by 2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups. A broad spectrum fungicide with novel broad-range activity used as a spray or seed treatment. It is moderately toxic to humans, mammals, birds and most aquatic organisms.	7.11	1	0	aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dioxolane; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carfentrazone-ethyl carfentrazone-ethyl: structure in first source. carfentrazone-ethyl : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-carfentrazone-ethylcarfentrazone-ethyl. A proherbicide for the herbicide carfentrazone (by hydrolysis of the ester group to the corresponding acid), it is used to control broad-leafed weeds in potatoes and cereal crops.. ethyl 2-chloro-3-{2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluorophenyl}propanoate : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-chloro-3-{2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluorophenyl}propanoic acid with ethanol.	7.02	1	0	ethyl ester	proherbicide
mepanipyrim mepanipyrim : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional methyl and 1-propynyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A fungicide used to control a wide range of diseases including grey mould on strawberries, tomatoes and cucumabers, and scab on apples and pears.	7.08	1	0	acetylenic compound; aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; hepatotoxic agent
1,2-dibenzoyl-tert-butylhydrazine 1,2-dibenzoyl-tert-butylhydrazine: structure given in first source	2.46	2	0	bisacylhydrazine insecticide
bensultap [no description available]	7.02	1	0	nereistoxin analogue insecticide
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.08	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
pretilachlor [no description available]	7.08	1	0	anilide
pyrimethanil pyrimethanil: structure in first source. pyrimethanil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying two additional methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6. A fungicide used to control grey mould on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals as well as leaf scab on pome fruit. Also commonly employed to control Botrytis cinerea throughout the winemaking process in grapes, must, fermenting must and wine.	2.05	1	0	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
chlorfluazuron chlorfluazuron: chitin synthesis inhibitor	2.02	1	0	benzoylurea insecticide; dichlorobenzene; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine insecticide
flutriafol flutriafol: fungicide; structure in first source. flutriafol : A racemate comprising an equimolar mixture of (R)- and (S)-flutriafol. A systemic fungicide, it is used to control fungal diseases in cereal crops.. 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol : A tertiary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by an p-fluorophenyl group, the other hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, and one of the hydrogens at position 2 is replaced by a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group.	7.6	1	0	monofluorobenzenes; tertiary alcohol; triazoles
diflufenican diflufenican : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the carbamoyl nitrogen and a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 2.	7.08	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; pyridinecarboxamide	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
hexafluoron hexafluoron: insect growth regulator against mosquito larva; the active agent in Sonet, a Russian product, is hexaflumuron. hexaflumuron : An N-acylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group, while a hycrogen attached to the other nitorgen is replaced by a 3,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl group.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; dichlorobenzene; N-acylurea; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine insecticide
pyriproxyfen pyriproxyfen: an insect growth regulator; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pyriproxyfen : An aromatic ether that consists of propylene glycol having a 2-pyridyl group at the O-1 position and a 4-phenoxyphenyl group at the O-3 position.	2.81	3	0	aromatic ether; pyridines	juvenile hormone mimic
fosthiazate fosthiazate: structure in first source	7.13	1	0	organic phosphonate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
tebufenozide tebufenozide: structure given in first source. tebufenozide : A carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by tert-butyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl and 4-ethylbenzoyl groups respectively. It is an insecticide used widely against caterpillars.	2.06	1	0	carbohydrazide	ecdysone agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
chlorfenapyr chlorfenapyr: an experimental pour-on formulation, a new generation pyrethroid available to producers. chlorfenapyr : A member of the class of pyrroles that is 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile which is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by ethoxymethyl, p-chlorophenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. A proinsecticide used for termite control and crop protection against several insects and mite pests.	3.01	4	0	hemiaminal ether; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide; pyrroles	proacaricide; proinsecticide
melamine formaldehyde [no description available]	2.11	1	0
cyfluthrin cyfluthrin: effective against mosquitoes. cyfluthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and (4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetonitrile.	8.12	5	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester insecticide
methoxyfenozide methoxyfenozide: structure in first source. methoxyfenozide : A carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by 3-methoxy-2-methylbenzoyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl, and tert-butyl groups respectively.	2.06	1	0	carbohydrazide; monomethoxybenzene	environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.	3.68	9	0	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; organochlorine compound; oxadiazane	antifeedant; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
indoxacarb indoxacarb: oxadiazine insecticide; structure in first source. insecticide : Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.	5.24	11	1	methyl ester; organochlorine insecticide	voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
rh-0345 N-4-chlorobenzoyl-N'-benzoyl-N'-tert-butylhydrazine: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	bisacylhydrazine insecticide; monochlorobenzenes
1-(4-ethynylphenyl)-4-propyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane 1-(4-ethynylphenyl)-4-propyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane: GABA(A) receptor ligand for autoradiography	3.1	5	0
thiacloprid thiacloprid: structure in first source. (Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.. thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen.	8.18	5	0	monochloropyridine; nitrile; thiazolidines	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
luzindole luzindole: melatonin receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. luzindole : A member of the class of indoles that is tryptamine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group while the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a benzyl group.	7.6	1	0	acetamides; indoles	melatonin receptor antagonist
3,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,2-dicarbonitrile 3,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,2-dicarbonitrile: a bicyclic dinitrile compound	2.69	3	0
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.06	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
gallium oxide gallium oxide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.11	1	0
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.13	1	0
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.13	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
scorpions [no description available]	2.08	1	0	dinotefuran; oxolanes	neonicotinoid insectide
anabasine Anabasine: A piperidine botanical insecticide.. (S)-anabasine : The (S)-enantiomer of anabasine.. anabasine : A pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3.	2.46	2	0	anabasine
prizes acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.	3.81	10	0	carboxamidine; monochloropyridine; nitrile	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
delrin delrin: linear polyoxymethylene type acetal resin made by polymerization of formaldehyde; RN refers to multi-polymer	2.17	1	0
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.21	1	0
laminaran beta-1,3-glucan: component of fungal cell walls; also used as antitumor polysaccharide; unspecified D usually means BETA-GLUCANS; beta-1,3-D-glucan is also available; glucan phosphate is also available; biosynthesis is inhibited by echinocandins (cyclic hexapeptides). laminarin : A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini.	3.99	1	1
fructans (2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.	2.08	1	0
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.21	1	0	cellotriose
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	2	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	7.25	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.41	1	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
trilostane trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.	7.1	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; epoxy steroid; nitrile	abortifacient; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.11	1	0
dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.	4.12	15	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide	carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	7.25	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	2.17	1	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
nabam mancozeb: complex of zinc & maneb, containing 20% manganese & 2.5% zinc. mancozeb : A mixture composed from maneb and zineb, which is used as a broad-spectrum contact fungicide.. ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid) : A dithiocarbamic acid resulting from the formal addition of a molecule of carbon disulfide to each amino group of ethylenediamine.	2.66	2	0	dithiocarbamic acids
zineb Zineb: An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.. zineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU.	2.66	2	0	dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity	antifungal agrochemical
maneb Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab.	2.66	2	0
thiophanate thiophanate-methyl : A member of the class of thioureas that is the dimethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.	2.05	1	0	benzimidazole precursor fungicide; carbamate ester; carbamate fungicide; thioureas	antifungal agrochemical
azoxystrobin azoxystrobin: a methoxyacrylate analog; a strobilurin fungicide; structure given in first source. azoxystrobin : An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture.	7.1	1	0	aryloxypyrimidine; enoate ester; enol ether; methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; nitrile	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; quinone outside inhibitor; xenobiotic
nitenpyram nitenpyram: a nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide; structure in first source. (E)-nitenpyram : A nitenpyram in which the double bond has E configuration.. nitenpyram : A C-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine where one of the nitrogens bears ethyl and (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl while the other nitrogen carries a methyl group.	5.09	5	2	chloropyridyl insecticide; nitenpyram
fipronil sulfone fipronil sulfone: insecticide fipronil and its metabolite fipronil sulphone inhibit the rat alpha1beta2gamma2L GABA(A) receptor. fipronil-sulfone : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl, and amino groups, respectively. It is a metabolite of the agrochemical fipronil.	5	34	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; pyrazoles; sulfone	marine xenobiotic metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	7.31	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	7.41	1	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
azadirachtin azadirachtin A : A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).. azadirachtin : A family of terpenoids isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).	3.27	1	0	acetate ester; azadirachtin; cyclic hemiketal; enoate ester; epoxide; methyl ester; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	hepatoprotective agent
cyhalothrin cyhalothrin: acaricidal & insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid; structure given in first source. cyhalothrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	3.75	10	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
hydramethylnon hydramethylnon: used as fire ant insecticide in southern USA; poorly absorbed by mammals & more than 95% is excreted unchanged in the feces. hydramethylnon : A member of the class of hydrazones that is used as an insecticide for control of ants and cockroaches.	3.64	9	0	hydramethylnon
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.08	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
4-aminocrotonic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	8.99	1	1	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	3.21	1	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	2.1	1	0	alkali metal atom
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	2.11	1	0	boron group element atom
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	2.74	3	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
methoprene Methoprene: Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.	10.94	64	24	isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate; isopropyl ester	juvenile hormone mimic
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	7.82	3	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	2.41	1	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
1,3,5-triphenylformazan 1,3,5-triphenylformazan: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
thiamethoxam [no description available]	2.47	2	0
flumethrin flumethrin: synthetic pyrethrin insecticide	3.91	2	1
pyrachlostrobin pyraclostrobin : A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of [2-({[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]methoxycarbamic acid. A fungicide used to control major plant pathogens including Septoria tritici, Puccinia spp. and Pyrenophora teres.	2.84	3	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; carbanilate fungicide; methoxycarbanilate strobilurin antifungal agent; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; xenobiotic
avermectin b(1)a avermectin B(1)a: RN given refers to avermectin B(1)a; see also avermectins & demethylavermectins	2	1	0	avermectin
bifenthrin bifenthrin: a type I pyrethroid. bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.. kappa-bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3R)-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.	4.52	22	0	carboxylic ester; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
chlorophyll chlorophyll a': RN refers to (SP-4-2-(3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21alpha)))-isomer	2.1	1	0
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.21	1	0
aldicarb Aldicarb: Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.. aldicarb : The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active.	2.08	1	0
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	2.01	1	0
metaflumizone metaflumizone: an insecticide	5.59	6	3	semicarbazone; stilbenoid
noviflumuron noviflumuron: structure in first source	2.74	3	0	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; dichlorobenzene; organofluorine compound
flonicamid flonicamid: an insecticide; structure in first source. flonicamid : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide substituted by a trifluoromethyl group at position 4 and a cyanomethyl group at the carbamoyl nitrogen atom.	7.17	1	0	nitrile; organofluorine compound; pyridinecarboxamide	environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
mk 936 [no description available]	2.76	3	0
ethiprole [no description available]	3.48	7	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
medigoxin spirotetramat: for the control of a broad spectrum of sucking insects; structure in first source. spirotetramat : An azaspiro compound that is methoxycyclohexane which is fused at position 4 to the 5-position of a 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one that is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by 2,5-dimethylphenyl and (ethoxycarbonyl)oxy groups, respectively (the cis isomer). It is a proinsecticide (via hydrolysis of the ethyl carbonate group to give the corresponding 4-hydroxypyrrol-2-one, "spirotetramat-enol") and is used for the control of a wide range of sucking insects on fruit and potato crops.	2.15	1	0
chromafenozide chromafenozide: has partial ecdysone agonist activity; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	bisacylhydrazine insecticide
chlorantranilipole chlorantranilipole: anthranilic diamide insecticide.that disrupts mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). chlorantraniliprole : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide. The first of the anthranilic diamide insecticides, it is a ryanodine receptor activator and is used to protect a wide variety of crops, including corn, cotton, grapes, rice and potatoes.	4.58	7	0	monochlorobenzenes; organobromine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyrazoles; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
emamectin benzoate emamectin benzoate: 4'-deoxy-4'-epi-methylamino derivative of avermectin B1; structure given in first source. emamectin : A mixture of emamectin B1a (major component) and emamectin B1b (minor component).	3.47	7	0	emamectins
cyantraniliprole cyantraniliprole: an insecticide; structure in first source. cyantraniliprole : A carboxamide that is chlorantraniliprole in which the chlorine atom attached to the phenyl ring has been replaced by a cyano group. A ryanodine receptor agonist, it is used as insecticide for the control of whitefly, thrips, aphids, fruitflies, and fruit worms in crops such as onions, potatoes and tomatoes. It is highly toxic to honeybees.	2.13	1	0	nitrile; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
chlorophyll b [no description available]	2.1	1	0	chlorophyll	cofactor
doramectin [no description available]	8.42	1	1	macrolide
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	11.15	76	15
pyriprole pyriprole: used to treat tick infestation	8.86	2	1	pyrazoles; ring assembly
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	3.02	4	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.6	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.5	2	0	glycoside
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	2.55	2	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
sulfoxaflor sulfoxaflor: insecticide targeting sap-feeding pests; structure in first source. sulfoxaflor : A mixture of the four diastereoisomers arising from the two tetrahedral stereocentres of [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-lambda(6)-sulfanylidene]cyanamide (the sulfur atom and the carbon attached to position 3 of the pyridine ring). [Both E- and Z-isomers involving the S=N double bond and the cyano group exist, but they interconvert rapidly at r.t.]. A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist in insects, sulfoxaflor is used as an insecticide, particularly for the control of aphids.. [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-lambda(6)-sulfanylidene]cyanamide : A member of the class of pyridines that is 5-ethyl-2-trifluoromethylpyridine in which the ethyl group is substituted at position 1 by an N-cyano-S-methylsulfonimidoyl group. The insecticide sulfoxalor is a mixture of the four possible stereoisomers arising from the two tetrahedral stereocentres.	2.08	1	0	nitrile; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoximide
picrotoxinin picrotoxinin: toxic component of PICROTOXIN; structure; noncompetitive antagonist of ionotropic GABA-A receptors. picrotoxinin : A picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid that is 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3a, 6, and 7a by methyl, isopropenyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively; in which the double bond at position 2-3 has been epoxidised; and in which the carboxy groups at positions 3 and 7 have undergone gamma-lactone formation by O-alkylation to positions 4 and 5, respectively. A component of picrotoxin.	8.53	8	0
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	8.97	13	0
afoxolaner afoxolaner: an oral, chewable insecticide-acaricide to control fleas and ticks in dogs	9.58	2	2
spinetoram spinetoram: a second-generation spinosyn; insecticide	2.17	1	0	organic molecular entity
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	3.22	5	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
piroxicam [no description available]	2.06	1	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.13	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.15	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
bromadiolone [no description available]	7	1	0	diarylheptanoid
pyrethrins [no description available]	13.23	78	1
imidacloprid (E)-imidacloprid : The E-isomer of imidacloprid.	2.98	4	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
clothianidin (E)-clothianidin : A clothiadin that has E configuration at the C=N bond of the nitroguanidine moiety.	2.08	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; clothianidin; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
chrodrimanin b chrodrimanin B: an insecticidal meroterpene that blocks GABA-gated chloride channels; isolated from Talaromyces; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound
moxidectin moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity	6.59	5	3
selamectin selamectin: a broad-spectrum endectocide; structure in first source	9.1	16	9
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.11	1	0
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.41	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	2.89	3	0
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	7.21	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	3.01	3	0	guanosines	biomarker
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	11.76	78	15	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
clothianidin clothianidin: structure in first source. clothianidin : An N-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroguanidine having a (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl group at position 1 and a methyl group at position 3.	2.81	3	0	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; clothianidin; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
avermectin avermectin: produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis; structure; see also records for specific avermectins. avermectin : Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.	2.02	1	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	2.07	1	0
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	3.64	9	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	2.06	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.2	5	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	12.4	95	39
B. burgdorferi Infection [description not available]	5.59	8	2
Tick Infestations Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.	10.79	65	24
Lyme Disease An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.	5.59	8	2
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	4.88	6	1
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	11.06	63	21
Habronemiasis [description not available]	3.7	1	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	4.88	6	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	3.52	7	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	5.43	12	1
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	3.44	6	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	2.41	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	3.44	6	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	4.23	16	0
Black Death [description not available]	3.77	9	0
Flea Infestations Parasitic attack by members of the order SIPHONAPTERA.	13.62	32	13
Plague An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.	3.77	9	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	2.41	1	0
Motor Disorders Motor skills deficits that significantly and persistently interfere with ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING appropriate to chronological age. (from DSM-5)	2.41	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	7.6	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.33	6	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	4.48	4	1
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	4.48	4	1
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.25	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.57	2	0
Ectoparasitic Infestations Infestations by PARASITES which live on, or burrow into, the surface of their host's EPIDERMIS. Most ectoparasites are ARTHROPODS.	8.6	35	13
Acariasis [description not available]	7.99	18	5
Insect Bites [description not available]	4.36	4	1
Black Fever [description not available]	4.21	3	1
Insect Bites and Stings Bites and stings inflicted by insects.	4.36	4	1
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	4.21	3	1
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	2.48	2	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Leishmaniasis, American [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.	2.72	2	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	2.31	1	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.89	3	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	7.31	1	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	3.53	1	1
Zoonoses Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.	4.7	3	2
Parasitic Skin Diseases [description not available]	3.86	2	1
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	4.37	4	1
Parasitic Diseases, Animal Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.	3.92	2	1
Haemonchiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.	2.17	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	2.21	1	0
Trombiculiasis Infestation with mites of the genus Trombicula, whose larvae carry the rickettsial agent of scrub typhus.	2.74	3	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.57	2	0
Bertielliasis [description not available]	4.4	4	1
Arbovirus Infections Infections caused by arthropod-borne viruses, general or unspecified.	2.08	1	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	7.47	2	0
Infections, Tick-Borne [description not available]	5.62	6	1
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Dental Fluoroses [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Fluorosis, Dental A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	2.08	1	0
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	2.08	1	0
Pemphigus Foliaceus [description not available]	7.1	1	0
Pemphigus Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.	7.1	1	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	2.8	3	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	2.8	3	0
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.	2.1	1	0
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Ancylostomiasis Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling.	2.1	1	0
Toxascariasis Infections with nematodes of the genus TOXASCARIS.	2.1	1	0
Toxocariasis Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.	2.1	1	0
Capillaria hepatica Infection [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Dirofilariasis Infection with nematodes of the genus DIROFILARIA, usually in animals, especially dogs, but occasionally in man.	2.1	1	0
Angiostrongylus Infections [description not available]	3.89	2	1
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	4.11	3	1
Itching [description not available]	4.53	5	1
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	9.53	5	1
Babesia Infection [description not available]	4.96	4	2
Genome Instability [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.55	8	0
E chaffeensis Infection [description not available]	5.61	6	3
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	2.13	1	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Astheno Teratozoospermia [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Striatonigral Atrophy [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	2.13	1	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.13	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	3.51	1	1
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Spinal Curvatures Deformities of the SPINE characterized by abnormal bending or flexure in the vertebral column. They may be bending forward (KYPHOSIS), backward (LORDOSIS), or sideway (SCOLIOSIS).	2.13	1	0
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	2.13	1	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	2.05	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.72	3	0
Mange, Sarcoptic [description not available]	3.85	4	0
Scabies A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.	3.85	4	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	7.47	2	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.07	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	2.07	1	0
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.07	1	0
Tick Paralysis Paralysis caused by a neurotropic toxin secreted by the salivary glands of ticks.	2.45	2	0
Anaplasma Infection [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.08	1	0
Pediculosis [description not available]	10.22	6	2
Lice Infestations Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)	5.22	6	2
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	4.09	3	1
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	4.09	3	1
Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).	2.01	1	0
Vestibular Diseases Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.	2.02	1	0
Maggot Infestations [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Chrysomya bezziana Infection [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	8.62	3	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	2.03	1	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	2.03	1	0
Bites [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	3.42	1	1
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	5.58	3	2
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	5.58	3	2
Recrudescence [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	6.99	1	0
External Ear Inflammation [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Otitis Externa Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.	1.99	1	0
Chromosome Inversion An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.	7	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.01	1	0

fipronil

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