senkyunolide i profile

senkyunolide I: has antioxidant and anti-migraine activities; isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Ligusticum	genus	A plant genus of the family APIACEAE.[MeSH]	Apiaceae	A large plant family in the order Apiales, also known as Umbelliferae. Most are aromatic herbs with alternate, feather-divided leaves that are sheathed at the base. The flowers often form a conspicuous flat-topped umbel. Each small individual flower is usually bisexual, with five sepals, five petals, and an enlarged disk at the base of the style. The fruits are ridged and are composed of two parts that split open at maturity.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	131954670
MeSH ID	M0579554

Synonym
senkyunolide i
94596-28-8

Excerpt	Reference
"Senkyunolide I (SI) is a natural phthalide that has drawn increasing interest for its potential as a cardio-cerebral vascular drug candidate. "	( Senkyunolide I: A Review of Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Drug-Likeness. Chen, C; Du, L; Huang, Y; Wu, Y; Yin, H, 2023)
"Senkyunolide I (SEI) is a component of traditional Chinese medicine with remarkable anti-inflammatory properties and exhibits remarkable protective effects, but its impact on TAAD remains unclear."	( Senkyunolide I ameliorates thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in mice via inhibiting the oxidative stress and apoptosis of endothelial cells. Du, P; He, X; Jing, Z; Liang, T; Sun, Y; Zhao, K; Zhou, J; Zhu, H, 2023)
"Senkyunolide I (SEI) is a bioactive constituent derived from traditional Chinese medicines Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort."	( Role of senkyunolide I in the promotion of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation via the Akt/β-catenin pathway. Asada, M; Hayashi, H; Horinokita, I; Iwatani, Y; Liu, JX; Ren, JG; Takagi, N; Wang, M, 2023)
"Senkyunolide I is an active ingredient of Rhizoma Chuanxiong, a Chinese medicinal herb commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular ailments. "	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide I in a rat model of migraine versus normal controls. Feng, Y; Hong, YL; Liang, S; Lin, X; Shen, L; Wang, YH; Xu, DS, 2012)

Excerpt	Reference
" In the present paper, we describe the isolation and elucidation of senkyunolide I from the ethanol extract of Rhizoma Chuanxiong and its pharmacokinetic behavior after intravenous and oral administration to normal and migrainous rats."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide I in a rat model of migraine versus normal controls. Feng, Y; Hong, YL; Liang, S; Lin, X; Shen, L; Wang, YH; Xu, DS, 2012)
" The concentrations of SEI in plasma and tissues were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using and non-compartmental analysis."	( Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and metabolism of senkyunolide I, a major bioactive component in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae). Feng, Y; He, CY; Liang, S; Lin, X; Ruan, KF; Wang, S; Xu, DS, 2012)
" The detected AUC and Cmax of SI showed significant difference, with no significant difference in other parameters."	( [Comparative study on pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide I after administration of simple recipe and compound recipe in rats]. Bi, KS; Chen, XH; Dai, RH; Gao, WJ; Ma, CJ; Wang, X, 2013)
" After validation, this method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study."	( Simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, ferulic acid, tetrahydropalmatine, protopine, typhaneoside, senkyunolide I in Beagle dogs plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after Oral Administration of Shaofu Zhuyu Cui, W; Duan, JA; Guo, J; Huang, X; Huang, Z; Li, Z; Liu, P; Qian, D; Shang, E; Su, S, 2014)
" Subsequently, a method of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry was established for pharmacokinetic study of YGS in rat plasma."	( The metabolism of YiGan San and subsequent pharmacokinetic evaluation of four metabolites in rat based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Chen, H; Feng, F; Gai, Y; Liu, W; Xie, N, 2014)
" Whether sulfur fumigation can cause the pharmacokinetic changes of the active ingredients in vivo is related to the efficacy and the safety of Chinese medicines' application clinically."	( Evaluation of the influence of sulfur fumigation on the pharmacokinetics of four active ingredients in Si Wu Tang. Cai, B; Cai, H; Cao, G; Li, H; Liu, X; Lou, Y; Pei, K; Qiao, F; Song, X; Tu, S; Zhao, Y, 2015)
" The validated method was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of SEI and SEH in normal and migrainous rats after oral administration of Chuanxiong Rhizoma extract."	( Simultaneous determination of senkyunolide I and senkyunolide H in rat plasma by LC-MS: application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and migrainous rats after oral administration of Chuanxiong Rhizoma extract. Bi, K; Cui, S; Jia, Y; Ma, T; Shi, S; Zhang, C; Zhao, X, 2015)
" Furthermore, the method was successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study of these seven components in rat serum after oral administration of NDS."	( Validated LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of seven components of Naodesheng in rat serum after oral administration and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Kang, J; Liang, S; Luo, L; Qi, Y; Zhao, W, 2019)
" In this paper, the botanical sources, phytochemical characteristics, chemical and biological transformations, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties, and drug-likeness of SI are reviewed through a comprehensive literature survey, in order to provide support for its further research and applications."	( Senkyunolide I: A Review of Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Drug-Likeness. Chen, C; Du, L; Huang, Y; Wu, Y; Yin, H, 2023)

Excerpt	Reference
" Its oral absolute bioavailability at the two dosages was 67."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide I in a rat model of migraine versus normal controls. Feng, Y; Hong, YL; Liang, S; Lin, X; Shen, L; Wang, YH; Xu, DS, 2012)
"After oral and intravenous administration, SEI was quickly eliminated from plasma and its oral bioavailability (BA) was about 37."	( Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and metabolism of senkyunolide I, a major bioactive component in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae). Feng, Y; He, CY; Liang, S; Lin, X; Ruan, KF; Wang, S; Xu, DS, 2012)
" The compound of typhaneoside has a low bioavailability according to the results."	( Simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, ferulic acid, tetrahydropalmatine, protopine, typhaneoside, senkyunolide I in Beagle dogs plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after Oral Administration of Shaofu Zhuyu Cui, W; Duan, JA; Guo, J; Huang, X; Huang, Z; Li, Z; Liu, P; Qian, D; Shang, E; Su, S, 2014)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	21 (67.74)	24.3611
2020's	10 (32.26)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (3.13%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	31 (96.88%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.1	1	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.6	1	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.1	1	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
protopine [no description available]	7.1	1	dibenzazecine alkaloid	plant metabolite
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.51	2	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
phthalide 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one : A gamma-lactone that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran in which the hydrogens at position 1 are replaced by an oxo group.. isobenzofuranone : A 2-benzofuran containing one or more oxo groups.	2.86	3	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.52	7	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.31	1	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.8	3	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	2.25	1	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
1,3,4,6-tetra-o-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxyglucopyranose 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxyglucopyranose: structure given in first source	2.6	1
3-n-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide 3-N-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide: from seeds of Apium graveolens Linn.; RN given refers to (-)-isomer; structure given in first source	3.22	5
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	4.81	28
notoginsenoside r1 notoginsenoside R1 : A ginsenoside found in Panax notoginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.21	1	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; neuroprotective agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	3.61	8	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
glycosides [no description available]	2.53	2
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	2.21	1	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
tetrahydropalmatine [no description available]	7.1	1
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.25	1	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
rhyncophylline rhyncophylline: an oxindole; RN given refers to (7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer	2.1	1
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	2.21	1
daidzein [no description available]	2.21	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
echinacoside echinacoside: from Buddleja species; has antihepatotoxic activity	7.17	1	oligosaccharide
ligustilide ligustilide: found in Umbelliferae plants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source	3.52	7	butenolide	metabolite
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	2.11	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
puerarin [no description available]	2.21	1	C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid
raubasine raubasine: RN given refers to (19alpha)-isomer; structure	2.1	1	yohimban alkaloid
coniferyl ferulate coniferyl ferulate: found in the rhizome of Cnidium officinale Makino; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.57	2
hydroxysafflor yellow a hydroxysafflor yellow A: from Carthamus tinctorius; structure given in first source. hydroxysafflor yellow A : A C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius).	2.21	1
ginsenoside rd ginsenoside Rd: RN refers to (3beta,12beta)-isomer. ginsenoside Rd : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to its beta-D-glucopyranoside.	2.21	1	beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; apoptosis inducer; immunosuppressive agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; vulnerary
(3z,6alpha,7alpha)-isomer of 3-butylidene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6,7-dihydroxy-1(3h)-isobenzofuranone senkyunolide H: from Ligusticum chuanxiong; structure nin first source	3.62	8	2-benzofurans
albiflorin albiflorin: glucoside in peony roots. albiflorin : A monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora.	7.1	1	benzoate ester; beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; gamma-lactone; monoterpene glycoside; secondary alcohol	neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
typhaneoside typhaneoside: isolated from pollen of Typha angustfolia L. (puhuang); structure given in first source	7.1	1	flavonoids; glycoside
corynoxeine corynoxeine: active principles of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus; structure given in first source for ((7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer) and ((16E,20alpha)-isomer); RN given refers to ((7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer)	2.1	1
(Z)-6,6',7,3'a-Diligustilide levistilide A: isolated from Angelica sinensis, inhibits hepatic stellate cell proliferation; structure in first source	2.1	1	butenolide	metabolite
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	2.8	3

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	3.16	4
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.41	1
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	3.16	4
Aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic [description not available]	2.6	1
Aortic Dissection [description not available]	2.6	1
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	2.6	1
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	2.31	1
Sepsis Associated Delirium [description not available]	2.31	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.87	3
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.31	1
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.31	1
Inadequate Sleep [description not available]	2.31	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.31	1
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.31	1
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	2.31	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	7.58	2
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.58	2
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.31	1
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.63	2
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.31	1
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	2.31	1
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	2.63	2
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	2.31	1
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	2.49	2
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	2.49	2
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.11	1
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.11	1

senkyunolide i

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Synonyms (2)

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Research

Studies (31)

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