A flavonoid oligomer that is obtained by the oxidative coupling of at least two units of aryl-substituted benzopyran rings or its substituted derivatives, resulting in the two ring systems being joined together by a single atom or bond.
| Member | Definition | Role |
|---|
| agathisflavone | A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-6 and C-8 of the two chromene rings. | agathisflavone |
| amentoflavone | A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-3 of the hydroxyphenyl ring and C-8 of the chromene ring. A natural product found particularly in Ginkgo biloba and Hypericum perforatum. | amentoflavone |
| cupressuflavone | A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-8 of the two chromene rings respectively. Isolated from Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus occidentalis, it exhibits free radical scavenging and antielastase activities. | cupressuflavone |
| ginkgetin | A biflavonoid that is the 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2. | ginkgetin |
| hinokiflavone | A biflavonoid that is apigenin substituted by a 4-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)phenoxy group at position 6. A diflavonyl ether, it is isolated from Rhus succedanea and has been found to possess significant cytotoxic potential. | hinokiflavone |
| isochamaejasmin | A biflavonoid that consists of two units of 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone joined together at position 3 and 3''. | isochamaejasmin |
| isoginkgetin | A biflavonoid resulting from the formal oxidative dimerisation between position 8 of one molecule of 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone and the 3' position of another. Found in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, it is a potent inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). | isoginkgetin |
| kolaviron | A biflavonoid isolated from the seeds of Garcinia kola that has been shown to exhibit hepatoprotective activity. | kolaflavanone |
| morelloflavone | A biflavonoid found in Rheedia edulis and Garcinia livingstonei. | (+)-morelloflavone |
| ochnaflavone | A biflavonoid with an ether linkage between the B-rings of the apigenin and luteolin subunits. It has been isolated from several members of the Ochnaceae plant family. | ochnaflavone |
| procyanidin b1 | A proanthocyanidin consisting of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' respectively in a beta-configuration.. Procyanidin B1 can be found in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark or cortex), in Uncaria guianensis (cat's claw, in the root), and in Vitis vinifera (common grape vine, in the leaf) or in peach. | procyanidin B1 |
| procyanidin b2 | A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine. | procyanidin B2 |
| procyanidin b3 | A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (+)-catechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in alpha-configuration. It can be found in red wine, in barley, in beer, in peach or in Jatropha macrantha, the Huanarpo Macho. | procyanidin B3 |
| procyanidin b5 | A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 6' in beta-configuration. It can be found in grape seeds, in Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) root and bark, in apple and in cacao. | procyanidin B5 |
| robustaflavone | A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-3 of the hydroxyphenyl ring and C-6 of the chromene ring. Isolated from Thuja orientalis and Rhus succedanea it exhibits antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-hepatitis B activity. | robustaflavone |
| sciadopitysin | A biflavonoid that is a 7, 4', 4'''-trimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. | sciadopitysin |
| theasinensin a | A biflavonoid that is obtained by coupling of two molecules of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate resulting in a bond between positions C-2 of the hydroxyphenyl ring. It is a natural product found in oolong tea. | theasinensin A |