Compounds > histidine
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histidine

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Description

Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID6274
CHEMBL ID17962
CHEBI ID27570
CHEBI ID15971
SCHEMBL ID3259
MeSH IDM0010400

Synonyms (158)

Synonym
nsc-137773
nsc137773
4-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)imidazole
anti-rheuma
l-(-)-histidine
histidin
histidina
(s)-4-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)imidazole
CHEBI:27570 ,
CHEBI:15971 ,
l-histidin
alpha-amino-4(or 5)-imidazolepropionic acid
alpha-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propionic acid, (s)-
l-alanine, 3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)-
hsdb 1810
1h-imidazole-4-alanine, (s)-
l-beta-(4-imidazolyl)alanin
nsc 137773
s-histidine
istidina
histidina [inn-spanish]
(l)-histidine
histidine [usan:inn]
ai3-26558
histidine (van)
(s)-2-amino-3-(4-imidazolyl)propionsaeure
einecs 200-745-3
fema no. 3694
histidinum [inn-latin]
l-beta-(4-imidazolyl)-alpha-alanin
1h-imidazole-4-propanoic acid, alpha-amino-, (s)-
histidine (usp/inn)
l-histidine (jp17)
D00032
lopac-h-8125
bdbm7953
imidazole c-4(5) deriv. 5
l-2-amino-3-(4-imidazolyl)propionic acid
NCGC00015518-01
(2s)-2-amino-3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid
histidine, monohydrochloride
LOPAC0_000566
histidine, l-
71-00-1
(s)-alpha-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanoic acid
l-his
HIS ,
histidine
(s)-alpha-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propionic acid
C00135
l-histidine
glyoxaline-5-alanine
l-histidine, cell culture tested, meets ep, usp testing specifications, from non-animal source
l-histidine, reagentplus(r), >=99% (tlc)
(s)-a-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanoic acid
DB00117
1LAG
1HSL
NCGC00162189-01
H-2310
l-histidine, bioultra, >=99.5% (nt)
B81AEDB0-EACA-4296-9BAB-52D60F137FFB
NCGC00162189-02
BMSE000039
CHEMBL17962
H0149
h-his-oh
(2s)-2-amino-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)propanoic acid
7006-35-1
BMSE000976
BMSE001015
(s)-histidine
(s)-2-amino-3-(4-imidazolyl)propionic acid
CCG-204656
unii-4qd397987e
histidinum
4qd397987e ,
AKOS015854051
gtpl4670
[3h]histidine
gtpl3310
[3h]-histidine
histidine [usp monograph]
histidine [ii]
histidine [inci]
histidine [ep monograph]
l-histidine [jan]
histidine [mart.]
serine impurity c [ep impurity]
histidine [hsdb]
l-histidine [fhfi]
l-histidine [fcc]
histidine [inn]
histidine [usan]
histidine [mi]
l-histidine [usp-rs]
histidine [vandf]
histidine [who-dd]
(2s)-2-amino-3-(imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid
AM81801
SCHEMBL3259
AC-35086
CS-7781
1h-imidazole-4-propanoic acid, .alpha.-amino-, (s)-
mfcd00064315
AKOS026676613
(2s)-2-amino-3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid hydrochloride
l-hystidine
F8889-0575
F8881-8926
DTXSID9023126 ,
bdbm181118
us9144538, histidine
us9138393, histidine
l-histidine, certified reference material, tracecert(r)
l-histidine (h-his-oh)
M02982
l-histidine, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
l-histidine, saj special grade, >=98.5%
histidine, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
l-histidine, non-animal source
l-histidine, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
l-histidine, p.a., 98.5%
l-histidine, vetec(tm) reagent grade, >=99%
histidine (l-histidine)
(s)1h-imidazole-4-alanine
(s)-alpha-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanoate
amino-4-imidazoleproprionate
amino-4-imidazoleproprionic acid
(s)-1h-imidazole-4-alanine
(s)-alpha-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propionate
amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanoate
(s)-a-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanoate
3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)-l-alanine
amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanoic acid
HY-N0832
Q485277
(s)-2-amino-3-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid
histidine,(s)
AS-14171
SDCCGSBI-0050549.P002
NCGC00162189-05
D70843
l-hisidine
S3989
EN300-57334
histidinum (inn-latin)
histidine (ii)
dtxcid503126
histidine (ep monograph)
caredo treating periodontitis toothpastes
treating periodontitis toothpaste
histidina (inn-spanish)
caredo treating periodontitis toothpastes100g
histidine (usp monograph)
histidine (mart.)
l-histidine base
Z359369984

Research Excerpts

Overview

Histidine is an essential amino acid for protein synthesis. It also plays a vital role in the metabolic system of pigs. Histidine biosynthesis is a highly studied metabolic pathway. Many of the models suggested to explain operons origin and evolution can be applied to the histidine pathway.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Histidine is an essential amino acid for broiler chickens and a precursor for the dipeptides carnosine and anserine, but little information is available about its metabolism in modern, fast-growing broilers. "( Effects of dietary supplementation with histidine and β-alanine on blood plasma metabolome of broiler chickens at different ages.
Hess, V; Hosseini-Ghaffari, M; Lackner, J; Marx, A; Sauerwein, H, 2022)		2.43
"Histidine is an essential amino acid for protein synthesis, but it also plays a vital role in the metabolic system of pigs. "( The effects of standardized ileal digestible His to Lys ratio on growth performance, intestinal health, and mobilization of histidine-containing proteins in pigs at 7 to 11 kg body weight.
Cheng, YC; Hwang, Y; Kim, SW; Lee, HL, 2023)		2.56
"Histidine is a well-studied scaffold and constitutes the active site of various enzymes catalyzing important reactions in the biological systems."( Design, synthesis, and applications of ring-functionalized histidines in peptide-based medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
Aaghaz, S; Bagra, N; Jain, R; Mahindra, A; Parmar, R; Rathod, GK; Sehra, N; Sharma, K; Sharma, KK, 2023)		1.87
"Histidine biosynthesis is a highly studied metabolic pathway, and many of the models suggested to explain operons origin and evolution can be applied to the histidine pathway, making this route an attractive model for the study of operon evolution."( The Operon as a Conundrum of Gene Dynamics and Biochemical Constraints: What We Have Learned from Histidine Biosynthesis.
Del Duca, S; Esposito, A; Fani, R; Liò, P; Semenzato, G, 2023)		1.85
"L-Histidine is an essential amino acid with unique biochemical and physiological properties. "( The self-assembly of L-histidine might be the cause of histidinemia.
Ajikumar, A; Narayanan, SP; Premkumar, AKN, 2023)		1.94
"Histidine is an aromatic amino acid crucial for the biological functioning of proteins and enzymes. "( Positive and negative ions of the amino acid histidine formed in low-energy electron collisions.
Bayer, A; Denifl, S; Feketeová, L; Limão-Vieira, P; Meißner, R; Postler, J, 2019)		2.22
"Histidine is a versatile residue playing key roles in enzyme catalysis thanks to the chemistry of its imidazole group that can serve as nucleophile, general acid or base depending on its protonation state. "( Revisiting the pH-gated conformational switch on the activities of HisKA-family histidine kinases.
Casino, P; Felipe-Ruiz, A; Marina, A; Mideros-Mora, C; Miguel-Romero, L, 2020)		2.23
"L-histidine (HIS) is an essential amino acid with unique roles in proton buffering, metal ion chelation, scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, erythropoiesis, and the histaminergic system. "( Histidine in Health and Disease: Metabolism, Physiological Importance, and Use as a Supplement.
Holeček, M, 2020)		2.72
"Histidine is an essential amino acid (EAA) in mammals, fish, and poultry. "( Histidine: A Systematic Review on Metabolism and Physiological Effects in Human and Different Animal Species.
Azzout-Marniche, D; Demersay, TC; Moro, J; Schmidely, P; Tomé, D, 2020)		3.44
"Histidine (HIS) is an essential amino acid investigated for therapy of various diseases, used for tissue protection in transplantation and cardiac surgery, and as a supplement to increase muscle performance. "( Influence of Histidine Administration on Ammonia and Amino Acid Metabolism: A Review.
Holeček, M, 2020)		2.37
"Histidine biosynthesis is an ancestral pathway that was assembled before the appearance of the Last Universal Common Ancestor; afterwards, it remained unaltered in all the extant histidine-synthesizing (micro)organisms. "( Exploring the role of the histidine biosynthetic hisF gene in cellular metabolism and in the evolution of (ancestral) genes: from LUCA to the extant (micro)organisms.
Castronovo, LM; Chioccioli, S; Del Duca, S; Fani, R; Vassallo, A, 2020)		2.3
"Histidine is an essential amino acid with health benefits that may warrant histidine supplementation; however, the clinical safety of histidine intake above the average dietary intake (1.52-5.20 g/d) needs to be vetted."( Tolerance to graded dosages of histidine supplementation in healthy human adults.
Aydemir, TB; Bender, E; Gheller, BJ; Gheller, ME; Handzlik, MK; Metallo, C; Smriga, M; Thalacker-Mercer, AE; Vermeylen, F, 2020)		2.29
"Histidine is a dietary essential amino acid because it cannot be synthesized in humans. "( Histidine Metabolism and Function.
Brosnan, JT; Brosnan, ME, 2020)		3.44
"Histidine is a nutritionally essential amino acid with many recognized benefits to human health, while circulating concentrations of histidine decline in pathologic conditions [e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD)]. "( Benefits and Adverse Effects of Histidine Supplementation.
Gheller, ME; Thalacker-Mercer, AE, 2020)		2.28
"Histidine is an important amino acid that may lead to structural changes."( Molecular insight into the early stage of amyloid-β(1-42) Homodimers aggregation influenced by histidine tautomerism.
Lee, JY; Li, H; Salimi, A, 2021)		1.56
"Histidine is an important carbon and nitrogen source of γ-proteobacteria and can affect bacteria-host interactions. "( HutT functions as the major L-histidine transporter in Pseudomonas putida KT2440.
Brand, AK; Eder, M; Jung, H; Wirtz, L, 2021)		2.35
"Histidine metabolism is a key pathway physiologically involved in satiety, recognition memory, skin, and neural protection and allergic diseases. "( Rapid and simultaneous determination of histidine metabolism intermediates in human and mouse microbiota and biomatrices.
Acuña, I; Aguilera, M; Campoy, C; Cantarero, S; Cerdó, T; López-Moreno, A; Ruiz, A; Suárez, A, 2022)		2.43
"Histidine is a frequently used buffer in the final formulation of many commercialized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), with histidine helping to stabilize the antibody during storage in addition to its buffering function. "( Stereospecific interactions between histidine and monoclonal antibodies.
Baek, Y; Emami, P; Ilott, A; Sahin, E; Singh, N; Zydney, A, 2019)		2.23
"l-Histidine biosynthesis is an ancient metabolic pathway present in bacteria, archaea, lower eukaryotes, and plants. "( Histidine biosynthesis, its regulation and biotechnological application in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Kalinowski, J; Kulis-Horn, RK; Persicke, M, 2014)		2.57
"Histidine is an α-amino acid with an imidazole group, which can act as a co-reactant of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)3(2+)) to amplify ECL signal."( An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay based on supersandwich DNA structure amplification with histidine as a co-reactant.
Bai, L; Cao, Y; Chai, Y; He, Y; Wang, H; Yuan, R; Yuan, Y, 2013)		1.32
"Histidine is an important natural amino acid, involved in many relevant biological processes, which, because of its physical properties, proved difficult to characterize experimentally in its neutral form. "( Tautomerism in neutral histidine.
Alonso, JL; Bermúdez, C; Cabezas, C; Mata, S, 2014)		2.16
"Histidine is a semiessential amino acid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. "( Association of Rare Loss-Of-Function Alleles in HAL, Serum Histidine: Levels and Incident Coronary Heart Disease.
Alexander, D; Bis, JC; Boerwinkle, E; de Vries, PS; Dehghan, A; Franco, OH; Gibbs, R; Hofman, A; Li, AH; Morrison, AC; Musani, SK; Muzny, D; Psaty, BM; Uitterlinden, A; Veeraraghavan, N; Wei, P; Wilson, JG; Yu, B, 2015)		2.1
"Histidine is an amino acid that is present in dried bonito broth, and we sought to evaluate whether histidine would affect feelings of fatigue in humans."( The effect of histidine on mental fatigue and cognitive performance in subjects with high fatigue and sleep disruption scores.
Fujimura, N; Furuhata, Y; Nozawa, Y; Sasahara, I; Sato, H, 2015)		1.5
"Histidine is an α-amino acid with an imidazole functional group, and is frequently present at the active sites of enzymes."( Histidine oxidation photosensitized by pterin: pH dependent mechanism.
Castaño, C; Lorente, C; Oliveros, E; Thomas, AH, 2015)		2.58
"Histidine is an essential amino acid assumed to be synthesized by an obligatory yeast-like symbiont (Entomomyces delphacidicola str. "( ATP phosphoribosyltransferase from symbiont Entomomyces delphacidicola invovled in histidine biosynthesis of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).
Fu, Q; Lai, FX; Tang, YH; Wan, PJ; Wang, WX; Yu, XP; Yuan, SY, 2016)		2.1
"Histidine is a unique amino acid with an imidazole side chain in which both of the nitrogen atoms are capable of serving as a proton donor and proton acceptor in hydrogen bonding interactions. "( Probing the Catalytic Charge-Relay System in Alanine Racemase with Genetically Encoded Histidine Mimetics.
Liu, WR; Sharma, V; Wang, YS, 2016)		2.1
"Histidine is a commonly used buffer in formulation of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), often with excipients like sucrose. "( Effects of Histidine and Sucrose on the Biophysical Properties of a Monoclonal Antibody.
Arunkumar, A; Baek, Y; Singh, N; Zydney, AL, 2017)		2.29
"Histidine phosphatases are a class of enzymes that are characterized by the presence of a conserved RHGXRXP motif. "( A DFT study on the formation of a phosphohistidine intermediate in prostatic acid phosphatase.
Juffer, AH; Rauk, A; Sharma, S, 2008)		2.05
"Histidine is a very common metal ligand in metalloenzymes. "( Metal-histidine-glutamate as a regulator of enzymatic cycles: a case study of carbonic anhydrase.
Frison, G; Ohanessian, G, 2009)		2.28
"Polyhistidine-tag (His-tag) is a powerful tool for purification of recombinant protein. "( RNA aptamer binding to polyhistidine-tag.
Akitomi, J; Egashira, H; Hirabayashi, N; Kato, S; Ohtsu, T; Tanaka, T; Tsuji, S; Waga, I, 2009)		1.21
"This histidine likely acts as a general base to initiate splicing with an acyl shift and then as a general acid to cause the breakdown of the scissile bond at the N-terminal splicing junction."( Highly conserved histidine plays a dual catalytic role in protein splicing: a pKa shift mechanism.
Belfort, G; Belfort, M; Du, Z; Liu, Y; McCallum, SA; Nayak, SK; Pereira, B; Shemella, PT; Wang, C, 2009)		1.15
"Histidine is an essential amino acid but the catalytic activity as well as the substrate binding affinity is also dependent on the sequence of the octapeptide."( Hydrolytic activity of histidine-containing octapeptides in water identified by quantitative screening of a combinatorial library.
Dudaczek, J; Michels, U; Schmuck, C, 2009)		1.38
"Histidine was found to be a co-germinant for Cl. "( Histidine acts as a co-germinant with glycine and taurocholate for Clostridium difficile spores.
Lambert, PA; Wheeldon, LJ; Worthington, T, 2011)		3.25
"Histidinemia is an inherited metabolic disorder biochemically characterized by high concentrations of histidine in biological fluids. "( Administration of histidine to female rats induces changes in oxidative status in cortex and hippocampus of the offspring.
Campos, AG; de Andrade, RB; Dutra-Filho, CS; Gemelli, T; Rojas, DB; Wannmacher, CM, 2012)		2.16
"Histidine is a convenient tridentate chelator used in the synthesis of technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals, as it can be pendantly attached to a biomolecule for molecular imaging applications. "( Investigation of isomer formation upon coordination of bifunctional histidine analogues with 99mTc/Re(CO)3.
Breadner, D; Hickey, JL; Luyt, LG; Simpson, EJ, 2012)		2.06
"Histidinemia is an inborn error of metabolism of amino acids caused by deficiency of histidase activity in liver and skin with consequent accumulation of histidine in plasma and tissues. "( Effect of histidine administration to female rats during pregnancy and lactation on enzymes activity of phosphoryltransfer network in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the offspring.
Campos, AG; de Andrade, RB; Dutra-Filho, CS; Gemelli, T; Oliveira, LS; Rojas, DB; Wannmacher, CM, 2012)		2.22
"L-histidine is a promising alternative to expensive protein ligands for the adsorption of IgG due to its high selectivity, no toxicity and low cost; while click chemistry can improve the reaction selectivity between the ligands and the support matrix under mild reaction conditions. "( Click chemistry: a route to designing and preparing pseudo-biospecific immunoadsorbent for IgG adsorption.
Hu, X; Huang, E; Li, G, 2012)		1.1
"Histidinemia is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of histidase activity, which leads to tissue accumulation of histidine and its derivatives. "( Effects of histidine and imidazolelactic acid on various parameters of the oxidative stress in cerebral cortex of young rats.
Belló-Klein, A; Durigon, K; Dutra-Filho, CS; Tansini, CM; Testa, CG; Wajner, M; Wannmacher, CM; Wyse, AT, 2004)		2.16
"Histidine is considered to be a component of endogenous sensitizer of beta-adrenoceptors in human blood modulating the function of cardiomyocytes."( Histidine increases beta-adrenoreactivity of myocardium in frogs.
Sizova, EN; Trukhin, AN; Tsirkin, VI, 2004)		2.49
"Histidine (His) is an essential ingredient for protein synthesis and is required by all living organisms. "( The hpa1 mutant of Arabidopsis reveals a crucial role of histidine homeostasis in root meristem maintenance.
Li, J; Li, X; Mo, X; Rong, H; Wu, P; Zeng, Q; Zhang, H; Zhu, Q, 2006)		2.02
"Histidine is a naturally occurring amino acid with antioxidant properties, which is present in low amounts in tissues throughout the body. "( Neuroprotective actions of a histidine analogue in models of ischemic stroke.
Arumugam, TV; Calderan, A; Chan, SL; Cutler, RG; Guiotto, A; Jo, DG; Magnus, T; Mattson, MP; Mughal, MR; Nassar, M; Ouyang, X; Ruzza, P; Tang, SC; Telljohann, RS, 2007)		2.07
"Histidine was found to be an activator of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase activity with a K1/2 value of 0.6 mM. "( Inhibitory effect of Zn2+ on rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase and reactivation by histidine.
Ikeda, T; Kimura, K; Morioka, S; Tamaki, N, 1981)		1.93
"Histidine is an amino acid precursor of histamine and its abnormalities may be demonstrative of the participation of this amine in migraine attacks, possibly within the state of neuronal hyperexcitability."( [Migraine and histamine: determining histidine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid during migraine attacks].
Castillo, J; Corredera, E; Lema, M; Martínez, F; Noya, M, )		1.13
"Histidine is an indispensable amino acid with an imidazole ring and it is a precursor of histamine, carnosine, and anserine. "( Histidine-like immunoreactivity in the rat retina.
Ishiguro, S; Kusakari, Y; Nishikawa, S; Tamai, M, 1997)		3.18
"Histidine is an efficient scavenger of highly active singlet oxygen and somewhat weaker scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. "( [Protective effect of L-histidine (singlet oxygen scavenger) on transient forebrain ischemia in the rat].
Ikeda, Y; Kawamoto, T; Teramoto, A, 1997)		2.05
"Histidine is a chelator of zinc, most notably in zinc-finger proteins (zinc coordinated by cysteine and histidine) and in hyperaccumulator plants. "( Zinc-histidine as nucleation centers for growth of ZnS nanocrystals.
Kho, R; Mehra, RK; Nguyen, L; Torres-Martínez, CL, 2000)		2.26
"L-histidine is an essential amino acid. "( Characteristics of histidine uptake by human placental microvillous membrane vesicles.
Fisher, SE; Karl, PI; Tkaczevski, H, 1989)		1.33
"L-histidine was found to be an effective inhibitor of spontaneous platelet aggregation and platelet TXB2 generation."( Effect of L-histidine in vivo on human platelet function and arachidonic acid metabolism.
Kluthe, R; Lubrich, I; Schollmeyer, P; Steinhauer, HB, 1985)		1.21

Effects

The histidine 73 protein has an unusual biphasic alkaline conformational transition at both 695 nm and the heme Soret band, consistent with a three-state process. One histidine has a pKa value of 6.51 at 27 degrees C; the second histidine exhibits 2 pKa values of 5.52 and 5.66 at 27 degree C.

Histidine has buffering capacity in the pH range of endosomes/lysosomes. L-histidine has no significant effect on the Km of LPLD, but reduces the Vmax by greater than 50%. Histidine has protective effects on the brain and cardiac function during cerebral thrombosis.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The histidine residue has an exceptional affinity for metals, but solution structure of its complexes are difficult to study. "( Structure of Zinc and Nickel Histidine Complexes in Solution Revealed by Molecular Dynamics and Raman Optical Activity.
Bouř, P; Dračínský, M; Hudecová, J; Kapitán, J; Michal, P; Profant, V, 2022)		1.57
"The histidine 73 protein has an unusual biphasic alkaline conformational transition at both 695 nm and the heme Soret band, consistent with a three-state process."( pH dependence of formation of a partially unfolded state of a Lys 73 --> His variant of iso-1-cytochrome c: implications for the alkaline conformational transition of cytochrome c.
Bowler, BE; Nelson, CJ, 2000)		0.79
"One histidine has a pKa value of 6.51 at 27 degrees C; the second histidine exhibits 2 pKa values of 5.52 and 5.66 at 27 degrees C."( 1H-NMR studies of bovine platelet factor 4: histidine assignments and interactions with heparin.
Lee, L; Talpas, CJ; Walz, DA, 1991)		1.02
"Histidine has a similar though much smaller effect."( The role of creatinine and histidine in Benedict's qualitative test for reducing sugar in urine.
Agashe, VS; Shukla, RK; Sur, BK, 1972)		1.27
"The histidine residue has an exceptional affinity for metals, but solution structure of its complexes are difficult to study. "( Structure of Zinc and Nickel Histidine Complexes in Solution Revealed by Molecular Dynamics and Raman Optical Activity.
Bouř, P; Dračínský, M; Hudecová, J; Kapitán, J; Michal, P; Profant, V, 2022)		1.57
"Histidine treatment has anti-inflammatory effects on several diseases such as colitis and obesity. "( Histidine ameliorates elastase- and lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
He, B; Tian, Q; Xu, M, 2021)		3.51
"Histidine residues have been suggested as triggers due to their approximate textbook pKa value of 6.1 for their side chains."( The pH-dependent Client Release from the Collagen-specific Chaperone HSP47 Is Triggered by a Tandem Histidine Pair.
Baumann, U; Ernst, C; Gebauer, JM; Oecal, S; Socher, E; Sticht, H; Uthoff, M; Zaucke, F, 2016)		1.37
"Histidine-86 has emerged as a potential proton donor/acceptor in the catalytic mechanism based on redox-related changes in the positioning of the imidazole ring during redox cycling and greatly decreased activity for the H86Y variant."( Role of histidine-86 in the catalytic mechanism of ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase.
Bourquin, F; Garcia-Serres, R; Glauser, DA; Huynh, BH; Johnson, MK; Naik, SG; Schürmann, P; Walters, EM, 2009)		1.51
"Histidine residues have been hypothesized to function as sensors of environmental pH that can trigger the activity of viral fusion proteins. "( Protonation of individual histidine residues is not required for the pH-dependent entry of west nile virus: evaluation of the "histidine switch" hypothesis.
Lin, TY; Nelson, S; Pierson, TC; Poddar, S, 2009)		2.1
"Histidine has buffering capacity in the pH range of endosomes/lysosomes."( Development of lysine-histidine dendron modified chitosan for improving transfection efficiency in HEK293 cells.
Chang, KL; Hashida, M; Higuchi, Y; Kawakami, S; Yamashita, F, 2011)		1.41
"Histidine 115 has recently been proposed to act as a coordinating ligand for the outer heme iron of the NADPH oxidase."( Proton conduction through full-length gp91phox requires histidine 115.
Henderson, LM; Mankelow, TJ, 2003)		1.29
"The histidine-rich peptide has been shown to self-associate into distinct supramolecular structures, depending on the presence of Zn(2+) and Cu(2+)."( Evaluation of the metal binding properties of a histidine-rich fusogenic peptide by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.
Jin, AJ; Sinz, A; Zschörnig, O, 2003)		1.06
"L-histidine has no significant effect on the Km of LPLD, but reduces the Vmax by greater than 50%, acting as a non-competitive inhibitor."( L-histidine inhibits production of lysophosphatidic acid by the tumor-associated cytokine, autotaxin.
Bandle, RW; Clair, T; Koh, E; Liotta, LA; Ptaszynska, M; Schiffmann, E; Stracke, ML, 2005)		1.61
"Histidine has protective effects on the brain and cardiac function during cerebral thrombosis."( Histidine ameliorated brain edema and cardiac dysfunction during local thrombotic cerebral ischemia in rats.
Han, H; He, J; Li, SQ, 1995)		3.18
"As histidine residues have been implicated in the mechanism of H+ transport in several systems, we propose that histidine 326 may be involved in the proton translocation accompanying sodium- and potassium-coupled glutamate transport."( Histidine 326 is critical for the function of GLT-1, a (Na+ + K+)-coupled glutamate transporter from rat brain.
Kanner, BI; Pines, G; Zhang, Y, 1994)		2.25
"Histidine 143 has been replaced by either alanine or asparagine."( NMR studies of 1H resonances in the 10-18-ppm range for aspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli.
Hayashi, H; Hirotsu, K; Kagamiyama, H; Kuramitsu, S; Metzler, CM; Metzler, DE; Miyahara, I; Mollova, ET; Scott, RD; Yano, T, 1994)		1.01
"Histidine 290 has been proposed to be the active site base in lactate monooxygenase (Giegel, D."( Lactate monooxygenase. II. Site-directed mutagenesis of the postulated active site base histidine 290.
Massey, V; Müh, U; Williams, CH, 1994)		1.23
"Two histidine residues have been identified that appear to coordinate the iron of the heme moiety, while other residues may be important in the folding or the function of the heme pocket."( Nitrate reductase of Neurospora crassa: the functional role of individual amino acids in the heme domain as examined by site-directed mutagenesis.
Marzluf, GA; Okamoto, PM, 1993)		0.77
"Histidine pKa values have been determined and anomalously low values for A."( Pulse radiolysis and related studies on the Ru-modified His 16 derivative of Anabaena variabilis [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin.
Lloyd, E; Salmon, GA; Sykes, AG; Tomkinson, NP, 1993)		1.01
"Histidine residues have been postulated to play a role in catalysis by coordinating Ni2+ ions."( Proteus mirabilis urease: histidine 320 of UreC is essential for urea hydrolysis and nickel ion binding within the native enzyme.
Mobley, HL; Sriwanthana, B, 1993)		1.31
"This histidine residue has been implicated previously by X-ray analysis to participate in the charge-relay system of CPY."( Identification of the catalytic histidine residue participating in the charge-relay system of carboxypeptidase Y.
Hayashi, R; Jung, G; Liao, TH; Ueno, H, 1995)		1.03
"Histidine residues have been shown to be critical for alpha-BgTx binding to the acetylcholine receptor (Lacorazza et al., 1992; Bouzat et al., 1993; Lacorazza et al., 1995). "( Localization of histidine residues relevant for the binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to the acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit in V8-proteolytic fragments.
Biscoglio De Jiménez Bonino, M; Lacorazza, HD; López, RA; Venera, GD, )		1.92
"Histidine tagging has no significant effect on the absorbance maxima."( Functional expression of human cone pigments using recombinant baculovirus: compatibility with histidine tagging and evidence for N-glycosylation.
DeGrip, WJ; Vissers, PM, 1996)		1.23
"Histidine has been proposed to act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in mammalian central nervous system (CNS), including retina."( Histidine-like immunoreactivity in the rat retina.
Ishiguro, S; Kusakari, Y; Nishikawa, S; Tamai, M, 1997)		2.46
"Free histidine has no effect."( Characterization of the adenosine triphosphatase activity of the periplasmic histidine permease, a traffic ATPase (ABC transporter).
Ames, GF; Liu, CE; Liu, PQ, 1997)		0.98
"Histidine-274 has been proposed to be the active-site base that abstracts the substrate alpha-proton to generate the carbanion."( (S)-Mandelate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida: mutations of the catalytic base histidine-274 and chemical rescue of activity.
Lehoux, IE; Mitra, B, 1999)		1.25
"Histidine derivatives have been coupled to neurotensin(8-13) (NT[8-13]) and have been labeled with the aquaion, resulting in high specific activities with (N(alpha)-histidinyl)acetic acid-NT(8-13) similar to those with histidine."( Organometallic 99mTc-aquaion labels peptide to an unprecedented high specific activity.
Abram, U; Alberto, R; Egli, A; Iterbeke, K; Jeannin, L; Schaffland, A; Schibli, R; Schubiger, PA; Tannahill, L; Tourwé, D; Waibel, R, 1999)		1.02
"The histidine 73 protein has an unusual biphasic alkaline conformational transition at both 695 nm and the heme Soret band, consistent with a three-state process."( pH dependence of formation of a partially unfolded state of a Lys 73 --> His variant of iso-1-cytochrome c: implications for the alkaline conformational transition of cytochrome c.
Bowler, BE; Nelson, CJ, 2000)		0.79
"Histidine residues have been shown to be important in the function of the E."( Functional role of polar amino acid residues in Na+/H+ exchangers.
Dibattista, ER; Fliegel, L; Wiebe, CA, 2001)		1.03
"Histidine has been reported to affect body zinc status by increasing urinary zinc excretion. "( Effects of histidine on tissue zinc distribution in rats.
Aiken, SP; Horn, NM; Saunders, NR, 1992)		2.12
"One histidine has a pKa value of 6.51 at 27 degrees C; the second histidine exhibits 2 pKa values of 5.52 and 5.66 at 27 degrees C."( 1H-NMR studies of bovine platelet factor 4: histidine assignments and interactions with heparin.
Lee, L; Talpas, CJ; Walz, DA, 1991)		1.02
"This histidine residue has been considered to be the pyrophosphoryl and phosphoryl carrier between the three subsites of this enzyme."( Isolation of pyrophosphohistidine from pyrophosphorylated pyruvate, phosphate dikinase.
Phillips, NF; Wood, HG, 1986)		1.03
"Histidine has been shown to improve zinc absorption in animals."( Bioavailability of zinc from zinc-histidine complexes. I. Comparison with zinc sulfate in healthy men.
Freudemann, A; Gerok, W; Häussinger, D; Köttgen, E; Löhle, E; Schölmerich, J; Steiert, B; Wietholtz, H, 1987)		1.27
"Histidine has a similar though much smaller effect."( The role of creatinine and histidine in Benedict's qualitative test for reducing sugar in urine.
Agashe, VS; Shukla, RK; Sur, BK, 1972)		1.27
"histidine has been applied to 15 control subjects and to 49 selected patients."( Relative importance of formiminoglutamic and urocanic acid excretion after a histidine load.
Mohamed, SD; Roberts, M, 1966)		1.19

Actions

Histidine (His) plays a critical role in plant growth and development. Polyhistidine tags enable the facile purification of proteins by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. L-histidine prevented the increase in blood glucose after one session of confinement.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"l-Histidine plays significant roles in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and its demand has been steadily increasing recently. "( Biosynthesis of l-histidine from marine biomass-derived galactans in metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Chang, J; Cho, BH; Han, SO; Jeong, DW; Kim, M; Oh, JW; Shi, X, 2024)		2.5
"Histidine was also lower in women with higher EPDS scores."( Perinatal western-type diet and associated gestational weight gain alter postpartum maternal mood.
Baker, DC; Bilbo, SD; Bolton, JL; Ilkayeva, O; Kuhn, C; Newgard, C; O'Connell, TM; Ryan, B; Sánchez, CL; Simmons, LA; Strait, M; Swamy, G; Truong, S; Wiley, MG; Wroth, SW; Yang, NY, 2017)		1.18
"Histidine plays a crucial role in nickel (Ni) translocation in Ni-hyperaccumulating plants. "( Histidine-mediated xylem loading of zinc is a species-wide character in Noccaea caerulescens.
Andreev, IM; Erlikh, NT; Kozhevnikova, AD; Schat, H; Seregin, IV; Shevyreva, TA; Verweij, R, 2014)		3.29
"L-histidine prevented the increase in blood glucose after one session of confinement (L-histidine = 65.88 +/- 4.50; control = 53 +/- 3.50 mg/dL)."( L-histidine enhances learning in stressed zebrafish.
Cofiel, LP; Mattioli, R, 2009)		1.63
"Histidine (His) plays a critical role in plant growth and development, both as one of the standard amino acids in proteins, and as a metal-binding ligand. "( The missing link in plant histidine biosynthesis: Arabidopsis myoinositol monophosphatase-like2 encodes a functional histidinol-phosphate phosphatase.
Davids, F; Ingle, RA; Mandalà, S; Marineo, S; Petersen, LN; Sewell, BT, 2010)		2.1
"Polyhistidine tags enable the facile purification of proteins by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). "( Membrane protein expression and production: effects of polyhistidine tag length and position.
Mohanty, AK; Wiener, MC, 2004)		1.12
"Histidine did not reactivate the inactivated RNA."( Protection of transfective poliovirion RNA by histidine.
Dubes, GR, 1980)		1.24
"Only histidine appeared to increase serum ultrafilterable zinc concentrations significantly."( Urinary zinc excretion following infusions of zinc sulfate, cysteine, histidine, or glycine.
Haygood, CC; King, RW; Kraikitpanitch, S; Lindeman, RD; Yunice, AA, 1978)		0.95
"Two histidine residues had lower pK than the other two."( Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of intact native bovine parathyroid hormone.
Barling, PM; Coddington, JM, 1989)		0.76

Treatment

Histidine treatment has anti-inflammatory effects on several diseases such as colitis and obesity. Histidine or carnosine treatments significantly improved insulin sensitivity and attenuated hyper-insulinemia.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Histidine treatment has anti-inflammatory effects on several diseases such as colitis and obesity. "( Histidine ameliorates elastase- and lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
He, B; Tian, Q; Xu, M, 2021)		3.51
"Histidine or carnosine treatments significantly improved insulin sensitivity and attenuated hyper-insulinemia (P<0.05)."( Histidine and carnosine alleviated hepatic steatosis in mice consumed high saturated fat diet.
Chao, CY; Mong, MC; Yin, MC, 2011)		2.53
"Histidine and carnosine treatment (1 mg/100 gm body weight/day intraperitoneally) for 7 days after wounding increased tissue free-histidine concentrations and brought skin-breaking strength and collagen deposition up to "normal" in the animals on the low-histidine diet but did not further improve healing in the histidine-sufficient animals."( Carnosine, histidine, and wound healing.
Fisher, H; Fitzpatrick, DW, 1982)		1.38
"Histidinemia may be treated with a low-histidine diet, which reduces elevated histidine levels, although in most cases no improvement of clinical symptoms has been observed."( Histidinemia: a biochemical variant or a disease?
Virmani, K; Widhalm, K, 1993)		2.45
"The histidine treated enzyme(s) bind to Blue-Sepharose CL-6B column and are specifically eluted by 5'-AMP in contrast to the untreated enzyme(s) which do not bind to the affinity column at all."( Modification of brain fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity by chelators: "induction" of 5'-AMP sensitivity.
Chattoraj, S; Majumder, AL, 1986)		0.75
"Pretreatment histidine, phenylalanine, and threonine concentrations were inversely associated with maximum change in CIPN8 (ΔCIPN8) (p < 0.02; FDR ≤ 25%). "( Pharmacometabolomics reveals a role for histidine, phenylalanine, and threonine in the development of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Hayes, DF; Henry, NL; Hertz, DL; Kim, JH; Smith, EML; Stringer, KA; Sun, Y; Vangipuram, K; Yeomans, L, 2018)		1.12
"Upon treatment with histidine, a significant decrease in liver enzymes, ATX activities, and liver hydroxyproline was observed with a significant increase in plasma TAC in Group IV and a significant decrease in Group V."( Effect of histidine on autotaxin activity in experimentally induced liver fibrosis.
El-Batch, M; Ibrahim, W; Said, S, )		0.85
"Treatment with histidine increased, while treatment with FMH decreased histamine levels in various brain regions."( Histaminergic neurons facilitate social memory in rats.
Argyriou, A; Philippu, A; Prast, H, 1996)		0.63
"Treatment with histidine modifiers after removal of the manganese complex increased the K(M) values between 2.5 and 10 times and increased the dissociation constant for Mn2+ 8-fold, compared to membranes that were modified in the presence of the manganese cluster."( Different manganese binding sites in photosystem II probed by selective chemical modification of histidyl and carboxylic acid residues.
Andréasson, LE; Magnuson, A, 1997)		0.64

Toxicity

Toxic Abeta-Cu2+ complex formed via a histidine-bridged dimer, as observed at Cu2+/peptide ratios of >0. Toxic effects of TMPyP disappeared after addition of histidine, quenching residual ROS.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"1-Methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium iodide (MPP+) and paraquat (PQ+2) are two structurally analogous and highly toxic pyridinium compounds."( Mechanistic aspects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium iodide toxicity in Escherichia coli: the role of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
Chevion, M; Haskel, Y; Udassin, R, 1991)		0.28
"MPP+ and paraquat (PQ+2) are two structurally analogous and highly toxic pyridinium compounds."( MPP+ toxicity in E. coli under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Chevion, M; Haskel, Y; Udassin, R, 1991)		0.28
" We show that addition of ferrous iron led to an enhancement of the bacterial killing, whereas addition of chelating agents, such as nitrilotriacetate and desferrioxamine, markedly reduced, up to a total abolishment, the toxic effects."( Iron mediates paraquat toxicity in Escherichia coli.
Chevion, M; Katzhendler, J; Kohen, R; Korbashi, P, 1986)		0.27
"Two toxic phospholipases A2, caudoxin from Bitis caudalis venom and the basic phospholipase A2 from Naja nigricollis venom, were selected for a study of the contribution of enzyme activity and charge properties to the presynaptic neurotoxicity and the contracture-inducing activity of the enzyme."( The role of enzyme activity and charge properties on the presynaptic neurotoxicity and the contracture-inducing activity of snake venom phospholipases A2.
Ho, CL; Lee, CY; Tsai, IH, 1986)		0.27
" The LD50 for the dibasic amino acids, measured on the third day of growth, ranged from 30 to 130 nCi/ml."( The toxicity of tritium: the effects of tritiated amino-acids on preimplanted mouse embryos.
Campagnari, F; Carroll, MJ; Clerici, L; Merlini, M; Vercellini, L, 1984)		0.27
" The problem of the toxic effect in the Ames test performed with drugs or substances having high bactericidal activity is discussed."( Relationship between mutagenic effect and toxic effect in the Ames test.
Barale, R; Berruto, GP; Fumero, S; Meriggi, J; Mondino, A; Silvestri, S, 1981)		0.26
" A low concentration of hyp (5 x 10(-9) M) was highly toxic to MRC5 cells, producing 15% survival for an irradiation period of 40 min."( Photodynamically induced cytotoxicity of hypericin dye on human fibroblast cell line MRC5.
Favier, A; Hadjur, C; Jardon, P; Parat, MO; Richard, MJ, 1995)		0.29
"Structure-function studies have revealed that the region between amino acids 115 and 141 of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) constitutes a biologically active domain."( A mutation at histidine residue 135 of toxic shock syndrome toxin yields an immunogenic protein with minimal toxicity.
Bonventre, PF; Cullen, CM; Edwards, CK; Heeg, H, 1995)		0.65
" The clinical usage of cisplatin is, however, restricted due to some adverse side effects including renal toxicity."( Reduction of cis-platinum induced nephrotoxicity by zinc histidine complex : the possible implication of nitric oxide.
Ahmad, N; Farookh, A; Hasan, SK; Husain, MM; Misra, M; Srivastava, RC, 1995)		0.54
"1 mM SIN-1 were not toxic to MAC-T cells."( Cytotoxic effects of peroxynitrite, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, free-radical scavengers, inhibitors of myeloperoxidase, and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase on bovine mammary secretory epithelial cells.
Douglass, LW; Ledbetter, TK; Paape, MJ, 2001)		0.31
"Peroxynitrite, MPO, and histidine are toxic to mammary secretory epithelial cells."( Cytotoxic effects of peroxynitrite, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, free-radical scavengers, inhibitors of myeloperoxidase, and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase on bovine mammary secretory epithelial cells.
Douglass, LW; Ledbetter, TK; Paape, MJ, 2001)		0.62
" We found that SEB mutant proteins with fewer than four histidine-to-tyrosine (his-to-tyr) substitutions retained toxic properties similar to wild-type SEB."( Toxicity of the staphylococcal enterotoxin B mutants with histidine-to-tyrosine substitutions.
Fegeding, K; Komisar, J; Korolev, S; Pinelis, D; Savransky, V; Vogel, P, 2003)		0.81
"The connection between the mode of toxic action and the genetic response caused by the type I photosensitizer and photosynthesis inhibitor neutral red (NR) and the type II photosensitizer rose bengal (RB) was investigated in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii."( Photosensitizers neutral red (type I) and rose bengal (type II) cause light-dependent toxicity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and induce the Gpxh gene via increased singlet oxygen formation.
Eggen, RL; Fischer, BB; Krieger-Liszkay, A, 2004)		0.32
" Generation of hydrogen peroxide has been implicated as a key step in the toxic pathway."( Methylation of the imidazole side chains of the Alzheimer disease amyloid-beta peptide results in abolition of superoxide dismutase-like structures and inhibition of neurotoxicity.
Barnham, KJ; Bush, AI; Cappai, R; Carrington, D; Cherny, RA; Ciccotosto, GD; Curtain, CC; Masters, CL; Smith, DG; Tew, DJ; Tickler, AK; Wade, JD, 2005)		0.33
" Here we report the formation of a toxic Abeta-Cu2+ complex formed via a histidine-bridged dimer, as observed at Cu2+/peptide ratios of >0."( Copper-mediated amyloid-beta toxicity is associated with an intermolecular histidine bridge.
Barnham, KJ; Boas, JF; Bush, AI; Cappai, R; Ciccotosto, GD; Curtain, CC; Drew, SC; Lau, TL; Masters, CL; Perez, K; Pilbrow, JR; Separovic, F; Smith, DG; Smith, DP; Tew, DJ; Wade, JD, 2006)		0.8
" Inhibiting mitochondrial glutamine hydrolysis in astrocytes mitigates many of the toxic effects of ammonia, suggesting the involvement of mitochondrial glutamine metabolism in the mechanism of ammonia neurotoxicity."( Inhibition of glutamine transport into mitochondria protects astrocytes from ammonia toxicity.
Jayakumar, AR; Norenberg, MD; Pichili, VB; Rao, KV, 2007)		0.34
" Natural henna leaves did not show toxic effects, whereas two out of four samples of marketed henna products were shown toxicity effects."( Cytotoxicity of lawsone and cytoprotective activity of antioxidants in catalase mutant Escherichia coli.
Horita, M; Masuoka, N; Ogino, K; Sano, K; Sauriasari, R; Takemura, Y; Tsutsui, K; Wang, BL; Wang, DH, 2007)		0.34
"Many studies on bioavailability of toxic metals have made the assumption that observation of toxicity is evidence thatthe metal was taken into the cells (i."( Evaluation of mercury toxicity as a predictor of mercury bioavailability.
Barkay, T; Golding, GR; Kelly, CA; Loewen, PC; Sparling, R, 2007)		0.34
" Patients and the public expect that safe and cost-effective cataract medical care with N-acetylcarnosine therapeutic platform should be commissioned for them."( State of the art clinical efficacy and safety evaluation of N-acetylcarnosine dipeptide ophthalmic prodrug. Principles for the delivery, self-bioactivation, molecular targets and interaction with a highly evolved histidyl-hydrazide structure in the treatm
Babizhayev, MA; Kasus-Jacobi, A, 2009)		0.35
" To evaluate the characteristic toxic effect exerted by natural Cr-(III)-organic species on the cellular macromolecules, changes in DNA and protein level was observed."( Cr-(III)-organic compounds treatment causes genotoxicity and changes in DNA and protein level in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Chatterjee, N; Luo, Z, 2010)		0.36
" However, reports of severe NVP-induced hepatotoxicity and serious adverse cutaneous effects have raised concerns about its use."( Amino acid adduct formation by the nevirapine metabolite, 12-hydroxynevirapine--a possible factor in nevirapine toxicity.
Antunes, AM; Beland, FA; Godinho, AL; Justino, GC; Marques, MM; Martins, IL, 2010)		0.36
"In epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic stroke, toxic levels of zinc released from neurons contribute to the brain damage associated with these disorders."( Histidine, cystine, glutamine, and threonine collectively protect astrocytes from the toxicity of zinc.
Bishop, GM; Campbell, MS; Ralph, DM; Robinson, SR, 2010)		1.8
"These observations indicate that naringenin was harmless upon exposure to rat gastrointestinal epithelium, clearly demonstrating the potential use of naturally occurring bioflavonoid as safe and novel pharmaceutical adjuvant in oral dosage forms as P-gp inhibitor."( Safety evaluation of naringenin upon experimental exposure on rat gastrointestinal epithelium for novel optimal drug delivery.
Nanjwade, BK; Patil, PA; Surampalli, G, 2016)		0.43
"Aggregation and aggregation-mediated formation of toxic alpha synuclein (aSyn) species have been linked to the pathogenesis of sporadic and monogenic Parkinson's disease (PD)."( Posttranslational modification and mutation of histidine 50 trigger alpha synuclein aggregation and toxicity.
Becker, CM; Hoffmann, AC; Klucken, J; Meixner, H; Menges, S; Schlachetzki, JC; Schlötzer-Schrehardt, U; Winkler, J; Xiang, W, 2015)		0.67
" The former mediate the toxic effects of metals and Aβ aggregation under non-oxidising conditions and the latter are relevant under oxidising conditions."( Iron is a specific cofactor for distinct oxidation- and aggregation-dependent Aβ toxicity mechanisms in a Drosophila model.
Crowther, DC; Dziadulewicz, N; Ott, S, 2015)		0.42
"The development of safe and effective delivery vectors is a great challenge for the medicinal application of RNA interference (RNAi)."( Amino Acid-Functionalized Dendritic Polyglycerol for Safe and Effective siRNA Delivery.
Cromwell, O; Guan, Z; Haag, R; Hellmund, M; Schlesener, C; Zeng, H, 2015)		0.42
" Furthermore, HWH, HK(C) H, and HAH act as very efficient inhibitors of copper-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and prevent the copper-induced overproduction of toxic oligomers in the initial steps of amyloid aggregation in the presence of Cu(II) ions."( Histidine-Rich Oligopeptides To Lessen Copper-Mediated Amyloid-β Toxicity.
Caballero, AB; Espargaró, A; Gamez, P; Nicolás, E; Sabaté, R; Terol-Ordaz, L; Vázquez, G, 2016)		1.88
" Toxic effects of TMPyP disappeared after addition of histidine, quenching residual ROS."( A Closer Look at Dark Toxicity of the Photosensitizer TMPyP in Bacteria.
Bäumler, W; Dengler, L; Eckl, DB; Eichner, A; Huber, H; Nemmert, M, 2018)		0.73
" Installation of safe lights which exclude the identified damaging wavelengths from visible spectra in manufacturing and storage areas can provide a balance between lighting requirement for human operators and their safety and conservation of product quality."( Protection of therapeutic antibodies from visible light induced degradation: Use safe light in manufacturing and storage.
Barnett, G; Borwankar, A; Borys, M; Du, C; Ghose, S; Lewandowski, A; Li, ZJ; Singh, N, 2018)		0.48
"Lead (Pb)-induced reproductive toxicity is a well-characterized adverse effect associated with this heavy metal."( Carnosine and Histidine Supplementation Blunt Lead-Induced Reproductive Toxicity through Antioxidative and Mitochondria-Dependent Mechanisms.
Ahmadi, F; Heidari, R; Jamshidzadeh, A; Javanmard, N; Khodaei, F; Mousapour, S; Ommati, MM; Shirazi Yeganeh, B; Sun, Z; Zamiri, MJ, 2019)		0.87
" Here, we report on technology application for on-demand biologics manufacturing (Bio-MOD) that can produce safe and effective biologics from cell-free systems at the point of care without the current challenges of long-term storage and cold-chain delivery."( Manufacturing biological medicines on demand: Safety and efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in a mouse model of total body irradiation.
Adiga, R; Andar, A; Borhani, S; Burgenson, D; Deldari, S; Frey, D; Ge, X; Gopalakrishnan, M; Gurramkonda, C; Gutierrez, E; Jackson, IL; Kostov, Y; Liu, Y; Moreira, A; Newman, D; Piegols, J; Punshon-Smith, B; Rao, G; Tolosa, L; Tolosa, M; Vujaskovic, Z; Wagner, C; Wong, L; Zodda, A, 2020)		0.56
" Inhibiting SSAO activity by natural agents might reduce the potential adverse effects of creatine metabolism in population of T2DM."( Beneficial Impact of Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase Inhibition on the Potential Cytotoxicity of Creatine Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Deng, Y; Papukashvili, D; Rcheulishvili, N, 2020)		0.56
"Based on research presented during the 10th Amino Acid Assessment Workshop, no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for supplemental methionine at 46 mg/(kg·d) (∼3."( Proposals for Upper Limits of Safe Intake for Methionine, Histidine, and Lysine in Healthy Humans.
Bier, DM; Cynober, L; Elango, R; Kadowaki, M; Morris, SM; Smriga, M; Stover, P, 2020)		0.8
" The purpose of this review is to examine the existing literature regarding the benefits of histidine intake, the adverse effects of excess histidine, and the upper tolerance level for histidine."( Benefits and Adverse Effects of Histidine Supplementation.
Gheller, ME; Thalacker-Mercer, AE, 2020)		1.06
" Further research is necessary to elucidate effects of high doses and long-term consumption of amino acid supplements on immune system, brain function, muscle protein balance, synthesis of toxic metabolites, and tumor growth and examine their suitability under certain circumstances."( Side effects of amino acid supplements.
Holeček, M, 2022)		0.72
"Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, yet its use is limited by several adverse drug reactions, known as cisplatin-induced toxicities (CITs)."( Cisplatin Toxicity Is Mediated by Direct Binding to Toll-Like Receptor 4 through a Mechanism That Is Distinct from Metal Allergens.
Bhavsar, AP; Domingo, IK; Groenendyk, J; Michalak, M, 2023)		0.91

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on a two-compartment model."( Pharmacokinetics of stable isotopically labeled L-histidine in humans and the assessment of in vivo histidine ammonia lyase activities.
Furuta, T; Kasuya, Y; Okamiya, K; Shibasaki, H, 1996)		0.55
" Based on the above findings one would expect the free serum warfarin concentration in homozygous R218P and R218H FDH patients to be elevated about 5-fold, resulting in about a 5-fold reduction in the serum half-life of the drug."( Familial dysalbuminemic byperthyroxinemia may result in altered warfarin pharmacokinetics.
Bhagavan, NV; Ha, CE; Harohalli, K; Park, DS; Petersen, CE, 2000)		0.31
" The serum drug concentration-time data were analyzed by compartmental analysis using the practical pharmacokinetic program 3p97."( Pharmacokinetics of His-tag recombinant human endostatin in Rhesus monkeys.
Liu, SY; Liu, XW; Song, HF; Tang, ZM; Yuan, SJ; Zhang, HN; Zhu, BZ, 2005)		0.33
"The pharmacokinetic behavior of rh-endostatin in Rhesus monkeys complies with linear kinetics within the examined dose range."( Pharmacokinetics of His-tag recombinant human endostatin in Rhesus monkeys.
Liu, SY; Liu, XW; Song, HF; Tang, ZM; Yuan, SJ; Zhang, HN; Zhu, BZ, 2005)		0.33
" Moreover, the crossover study suggests that there was no significant difference in absorption under curves of anserine between anserine alone and anserine-containing diet, whereas there was significant difference in the peak concentration of anserine."( Intestinal absorption and blood clearance of L-histidine-related compounds after ingestion of anserine in humans and comparison to anserine-containing diets.
Kubomura, D; Masui, A; Matahira, Y; Matsuda, H, 2009)		0.61
" The improved blood pharmacokinetic results and tumor localization observed with the integrin-targeting surface modification of HK:siRNA nanoplexes correlated with greater tumor growth inhibition."( Surface-modified HK:siRNA nanoplexes with enhanced pharmacokinetics and tumor growth inhibition.
Chou, ST; Kahn, JD; Leng, Q; Mixson, AJ; Scaria, P; Tricoli, LJ; Woodle, M, 2013)		0.39
" In this study, adult gender-matched Pht1-competent (wildtype) and Pht1-deficient (null) mice were used to investigate the effect of PHT1 on l-His brain disposition via in vitro slice and in vivo pharmacokinetic approaches."( A novel role for PHT1 in the disposition of l-histidine in brain: In vitro slice and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in wildtype and Pht1 null mice.
Hu, Y; Keep, RF; Smith, DE; Toyama-Sorimachi, N; Wang, XX, 2017)		0.71
" It was applied to quantify a 6×His-tagged protein in a mouse pharmacokinetic study with assay sensitivity of 10."( Reagent-free LC-MS/MS-based pharmacokinetic quantification of polyhistidine-tagged therapeutic proteins.
Carlson, TJ; Dickerson, T; Hall, C; Ma, J; Rock, DA; Shi, J; Wong, JM, 2017)		0.69
"The protein reagent-free workflow developed herein can overcome reagent limitation and serve as a viable approach for quantifying polyhistidine-tagged therapeutic proteins to support discovery pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies."( Reagent-free LC-MS/MS-based pharmacokinetic quantification of polyhistidine-tagged therapeutic proteins.
Carlson, TJ; Dickerson, T; Hall, C; Ma, J; Rock, DA; Shi, J; Wong, JM, 2017)		0.9
" Pharmacokinetic models were developed for somapacitan and metabolite P1 and used for steady-state assessment in the rat."( Structure identification of circulating metabolites from somapacitan, a long-acting growth hormone derivative, and pharmacokinetics after single and multiple subcutaneous dosing in rats.
Bjelke, M; Helleberg, H; Lindecrona, RH; Thygesen, P, 2022)		0.72

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The mechanism of cell damage by ultrasound in combination with hematoporphyrin was studied."( Mechanism of cell damage by ultrasound in combination with hematoporphyrin.
Nishigaki, R; Umemura, K; Umemura, S; Yumita, N, 1990)		0.28
" This ligand design is combined with a novel photoligation strategy to promote the transfer of QDs to polar and buffer media."( Photoligation combined with zwitterion-modified lipoic acid ligands provides compact and biocompatible quantum dots.
Grise, H; Mattoussi, H; Palui, G; Zhan, N, 2014)		0.4
" Using a gWiz-GFP plasmid, we demonstrated that polyethylenimine combined with mTAT (mTAT/PEI) displayed good transfection efficacy in hUCB-MSC."( Modification of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells Using Polyethylenimine Combined with Modified TAT Peptide to Enhance BMP-2 Production.
Li, J; Song, C; Wang, Y; Wei, R; Yan, J; You, C; Zu, J, 2017)		0.46

Bioavailability

Zinc-histidine complex (Zn(His)(2) has greater biological potency and enhanced bioavailability compared with other zinc salts. The absorption rate for L-histine and glucose increased in a hyperbolic manner with increasing concentrations of infused test material.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Data on the effect of the constituent amino-acids of carnosine on glycylglycine absorption rate have similarly been obtained."( Impairment of jejunal absorption rate of carnosine by glycylglycine in man in vivo.
Cook, GC, 1976)		0.26
" Using a chick bioavailability growth assay, the HIS-deficient basal diet was found to contain ."( Histidine requirement of the young pig.
Baker, DH; Izquierdo, OA; Wedekind, KJ, 1988)		1.72
" No difference was seen in bioavailability or clearance."( Kinetic investigations into the possible cause of low serum histidine in rheumatoid arthritis.
Astbury, C; Bird, HA; Dixon, JS; Francis, RJ; Sitton, NG; Wright, V, 1988)		0.52
" To test its influence on zinc absorption in humans, we studied the bioavailability of zinc from zinc-histidine complexes as compared to zinc sulfate in 10 healthy volunteers."( Bioavailability of zinc from zinc-histidine complexes. I. Comparison with zinc sulfate in healthy men.
Freudemann, A; Gerok, W; Häussinger, D; Köttgen, E; Löhle, E; Schölmerich, J; Steiert, B; Wietholtz, H, 1987)		0.77
" Bioavailability was identical when zinc was taken 6 h or 1 h before a meal but an order of magnitude greater than with or 1 h after a meal."( Bioavailability of zinc from zinc-histidine complexes. II. Studies on patients with liver cirrhosis and the influence of the time of application.
Gerok, W; Köttgen, E; Krauss, E; Löhle, E; Schölmerich, J; Wietholtz, H, 1987)		0.55
" Glycylsarcosine was well absorbed by the colon in both the M and C rats."( Differential absorption of zinc and low-molecular-weight ligands in the rat gut in protein-energy malnutrition.
Garcia-Aranda, JA; Lifshitz, F; Mevorach, DE; Wapnir, RA, 1985)		0.27
" No influence can be expected from cimetidine on the bioavailability of these metal ions, the opposite being also true."( An assessment of the physiological significance of cimetidine interactions with copper and zinc in biofluids as based on the computer-simulated distribution of the involved complexes at therapeutic levels of the drug.
Akrivos, F; Berthon, G; Blais, MJ; Hoffelt, J, 1984)		0.27
" Amino acids thus increased bioavailability by displacing zinc bound to albumin."( Effect of taurine, L-glutamine and L-histidine addition in an amino acid glucose solution on the cellular bioavailability of zinc.
Faure, H; Favier, A; Fussellier, M; Guiraud, P; Harraki, B; Richard, MJ; Rochat, MH, 1994)		0.56
" The lowest Cu absorption rate was observed in the Hi Zn+His group, and both the Hi Zn and Hi Zn+His had greater Cu accumulation in the small intestine than did Ctl or Hi Na rats."( Dietary regulation of copper absorption and storage in rats: effects of sodium, zinc and histidine-zinc.
Lee, SY; Wapnir, RA, 1993)		0.51
" Limited oral bioavailability or excessive production costs have prevented these inhibitors from becoming new antihypertensive drugs."( Renin inhibition by substituted piperidines: a novel paradigm for the inhibition of monomeric aspartic proteinases?
Binggeli, A; Breu, V; Bur, D; Clozel, JP; D'Arcy, A; Dorn, A; Fischli, W; Grüninger, F; Güller, R; Hirth, G; M ller, M; Märki, H; Mathews, S; Oefner, C; Ridley, RG; Stadler, H; Vieira, E; Wilhelm, M; Winkler, F; Wostl, W, 1999)		0.3
" Nonheme iron bioavailability was assessed by Caco-2 cell monolayer (59)Fe uptake using an extrinsic labeling method."( Histidine content of low-molecular-weight beef proteins influences nonheme iron bioavailability in Caco-2 cells.
Reddy, MB; Swain, JH; Tabatabai, LB, 2002)		1.76
" Accumulating evidence suggests that zinc-histidine complex (Zn(His)(2)) has greater biological potency and enhanced bioavailability compared with other zinc salts and also has antioxidant potential."( Zinc-histidine complex protects cultured cortical neurons against oxidative stress-induced damage.
Goni, FM; Rice-Evans, CA; Spencer, JP; Williams, RJ, 2004)		1.1
" Bioavailability following sc injection was approximately 70%+/-3%."( Pharmacokinetics of His-tag recombinant human endostatin in Rhesus monkeys.
Liu, SY; Liu, XW; Song, HF; Tang, ZM; Yuan, SJ; Zhang, HN; Zhu, BZ, 2005)		0.33
"This finding has implications for the bioavailability of fentanyl at extremes of body temperature in association with the clinical acid-base management of the patient."( pKa of fentanyl varies with temperature: implications for acid-base management during extremes of body temperature.
Cross, DA; Pace, CN; Scholtz, JM; Thurlkill, RL, 2005)		0.33
"Many studies on bioavailability of toxic metals have made the assumption that observation of toxicity is evidence thatthe metal was taken into the cells (i."( Evaluation of mercury toxicity as a predictor of mercury bioavailability.
Barkay, T; Golding, GR; Kelly, CA; Loewen, PC; Sparling, R, 2007)		0.34
" MDZnO was tested for its bioavailability using zinc-deficient Wistar rats."( Zinc bioavailability is improved by the micronised dispersion of zinc oxide with the addition of L-histidine in zinc-deficient rats.
Ishihara, K; Mita, Y; Oka, T; R Juneja, L; Suzumura, A; Takano, M; Yamanami, K; Yasumoto, K, 2008)		0.56
" The Cd association with sulfhydryl groups in marine planktonic diatoms and anoxygenic bacteria is an important feature of Cd binding which can be useful for assessing the bioavailability of this metal."( A structural study of cadmium interaction with aquatic microorganisms.
Feurtet-Mazel, A; Pokrovski, GS; Pokrovsky, OS, 2008)		0.35
" Our study suggested that rHrpZ NPs could help protein enter leaf epidermis and cell wall, release rHrpZ in situ continuously, and enhance the bioavailability of rHrpZ."( Improve bioavailability of Harpin protein on plant use PLGA based nanoparticle.
Liang, Z; Lu, W; Meng, XL; Wang, J; Xia, H; Xu, JP, 2009)		0.35
" Liposomal encapsulation was found to markedly enhance the oral bioavailability of GSH compared to non-formulated GSH."( Aminothiol receptors for decorporation of intravenously administered (60)Co in the rat.
Creim, JA; Curry, TL; Levitskaia, TG; Luders, T; Morris, JE; Thrall, KD; Woodstock, AD, 2010)		0.36
" Therefore, differences in strong Cu binding site levels may explain the differences in bioavailability of Cu complexed with different types of DOC."( Uptake of dissolved organic carbon-complexed ⁶⁵Cu by the green mussel Perna viridis.
Evans, D; Wang, WX; Zhong, H, 2012)		0.38
"Laboratory experiments have established the importance of complexation by organic ligands in determining the bioavailability of trace metals to marine phytoplankton, while electrochemical measurements with field samples have demonstrated that a large fraction of bioactive trace metals are complexed to strong organic ligands in seawater."( Bioavailability and Electroreactivity of Zinc Complexed to Strong and Weak Organic Ligands.
Baars, O; Kim, JM; Morel, FM, 2015)		0.42
" baumannii employs several mechanisms to ensure bioavailability of Zn during infection, with ZigA functioning predominately during Zn starvation, but HutH operating in both Zn-deplete and -replete conditions to mobilize a labile His-Zn pool."( The Response of Acinetobacter baumannii to Zinc Starvation.
Braymer, JJ; Calcutt, MW; Chazin, WJ; de Crécy-Lagard, V; Giedroc, DP; Gilston, BA; Lisher, JP; Lonergan, ZR; Nairn, BL; Skaar, EP; Wang, J; Zhang, Y, 2016)		0.43
"Selenoneine is likely to pass the intestinal barrier via transcellular, carrier-mediated transport, is highly bioavailable to Caco-2 cells and undergoes metabolic transformations."( Side-Directed Transfer and Presystemic Metabolism of Selenoneine in a Human Intestinal Barrier Model.
Bornhorst, J; Kroepfl, N; Kuehnelt, D; Rohn, I; Schwerdtle, T, 2019)		0.51

Dosage Studied

Histidine reduced viscosity of the antibody solution, which is desirable for the manufacture of the dosage form. Histidine at a specific dosage range might serve as a beneficial adjuvant for the clinical treatment of epilepsy, especially when accompanied by impaired spatial memory.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Three colostomised Laying hybrids received over four days a dosage of 672 mg 15N-excess (15N'), 20."( [The metabolism of colostomised laying hens with 15N-labelled wheat. 4. 15N-Incorporation in the corpuscular components of blood, in the blood plasma and the basic amino acids].
Glotz, D; Gruhn, K, 1979)		0.26
" In spite of limitations imposed by these alterations in strain TA1538, it is possible to demonstrate a dose-response relationship between the amount of 2-nitrofluorene ingested and the concentration of revertants in the feces of exposed rats."( Association of Salmonella mutants with germ-free rats: characterization of the reverse mutational response to 2-nitrofluorene.
Carter, JH; Goldman, P; Ingelfinger, JA; Soderberg, FB; Wheeler, LA, 1976)		0.26
" Hypophenylalaninemia was unexplained, and failed to respond to increased phenylpyruvate dosage or phenylalanine itself; renal clearance of phenylalanine was high but could not account for the low plasma level."( Long-term management of a case of carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency using ketanalogues and hydroxyanalogues of essential amino acids.
Batshaw, ML; Brusilow, S; Walser, M, 1976)		0.26
" A dose-response relationship can be demonstrated between the amount of 2-nitrofluorene ingested and the concentration of revertants in the feces."( The effects of additional flora on the response of salmonella mutants lodged in the gastrointestinal tract.
Carter, JH; Goldman, P; Ingelfinger, JA; Soderberg, FB; Wheeler, LA, 1977)		0.26
" Dose-response curves for GABA obtained in different preparations were highly reproducible."( The intact central nervous system of the newborn opossum in long-term culture: fine structure and GABA-mediated inhibition of electrical activity.
Møllgård, K; Nicholls, JG; Saunders, NR; Stewart, RR; Treherne, JM; Zou, DJ, 1991)		0.28
", consistently produced a nearly maximal hypothermic response in non tolerant rats, whereas this dosage induced an elevation of body temperature in tolerant rats."( Modification of rat thermal responses to morphine by alpha-FMH suggests a role for neural histamine in morphine tolerance.
Arrigo-Reina, R; Spadaro, C, 1990)		0.28
" A novel method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been used to monitor the presence of this adduct in smokers and control subjects, and dose-response relationships were investigated between HOEtVal in haemoglobin, number of cigarettes smoked per day and plasma cotinine levels."( 2-Hydroxyethylation of haemoglobin in man.
Bailey, E; Brooks, AG; Farmer, PB; Passingham, BJ; Yates, DW, 1988)		0.27
" The predominant position effect seems to be caused by the gene dosage of a chromosomal site; the orientation of the translocated genes did not affect expression, and no deviant positions were found."( Gene location affects expression level in Salmonella typhimurium.
Roth, JR; Schmid, MB, 1987)		0.27
" The recovery of radioactivity from the urine of rats dosed with [14C]DEHP was examined by solvent extraction and XAD-2 resin absorption procedures."( Methods for measuring mutagenicity in urine of rats dosed with [14C]di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
Barber, ED; DiVincenzo, GD; Donish, WH; Hamilton, ML; Mueller, KR, 1985)		0.27
" Conscious gastric-cannulated rats were given [(3)H]histidine and aminoguanidine by dosage procedures intended to build up fast-turnover and slow-turnover pools of tissue [(3)H]histamine."( The release of histamine during gastric acid secretion in conscious rats.
el-Munshid, HA; Lake, HJ, 1974)		0.5
" The rise in brain histamine after dosage with histidine persisted for several hours, depending on the dose; with 500 mg/kg, the rise was virtually unchanged after 16 hours."( Concentration of histamine in different parts of the brain and hypophysis of rabbit: effect of treatment with histidine, certain other amino acids and histamine.
Abou, YZ; Adam, HM; Stephen, WR, 1973)		0.72
" Increasing insulin dosage counteracted these effects, but could not restore positive accretion rates."( Interactive effects of insulin and corticosterone on myofibrillar protein turnover in rats as determined by N tau-methylhistidine excretion.
Jones, LM; Murray, AJ; Tomas, FM, 1984)		0.48
" Fat cells treated with diethyl pyrocarbonate exhibit a rightward shift in the dose-response relationship for insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation consistent with a loss in receptor number due to the reagent."( Modification of the insulin receptor by diethyl pyrocarbonate: effect on insulin binding and action.
Pilch, PF, 1982)		0.26
" The steady-state plasma concentrations of mexiletine in 5 patients, from whom blood samples were obtained as a measure of compliance, ranged between 570 to 1911 ng/ml which were similar to those reported from treatment of ventricular arrhythmias with similar dosage regimen of 200 mg mexiletine hydrochloride three times per day."( A modified gas-liquid chromatographic assay to monitor plasma mexiletine in a tinnitus study.
Chan, K; Pilling, M; Tse, J, 1982)		0.26
" At a dosage of 100 mg/kg (+/-)-alpha-FMH did not alter histamine-N-methyltransferase, DOPA decarboxylase, and glutamate decarboxylase activities."( Inhibition of histamine synthesis in brain by alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, a new irreversible inhibitor: in vitro and in vivo studies.
Barbin, G; Garbarg, M; Rodergas, E; Schwartz, JC, 1980)		0.5
"The hydrogen peroxide dose-response curves for Escherichia coli killing and DNA nicking in vitro display remarkably similar bimodal patterns."( Differential effects of histidine on hydrogen peroxide-induced bacterial killing and DNA nicking in vitro.
Brandi, G; Cantoni, O; Giacomoni, PU; Tachon, P, 1994)		0.6
" In both cases, plasma histidine and lysine concentrations were significantly decreased compared with a placebo group dosed with water."( L-canavanine influences feed intake, plasma basic amino acid concentrations and kidney arginase activity in chicks.
Michelangeli, C; Vargas, RE, 1994)		0.6
" In vitro, the profile of the dose-response curve for the ferrous iron-mediated, H2O2-dependent DNA nicking was modified by the addition of L-histidine."( Modulation by L-histidine of H2O2-mediated damage of cellular and isolated DNA.
Deflandre, A; Giacomoni, PU; Tachon, P, 1994)		0.84
" To calculate IC50 values (the toxin concentration which determines 50% of the effect), dose-response curves were performed for each toxin."( A rapid and sensitive in vitro assay for the activity of Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins.
Belgiojoso, P; Giordana, B; Hanozet, GM; Parenti, P; Tasca, M; Villa, M, 1993)		0.29
" This could be suppressed by increasing the gene dosage of the mutant alleles."( A yeast phosphofructokinase insensitive to the allosteric activator fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. Glycolysis/metabolic regulation/allosteric control.
Boles, E; Heinisch, JJ; Timpel, C, 1996)		0.29
" Wild-type mER displayed similar dose-response curves for IA-R and demethyl IA, which lacks a C3 methyl group, demonstrating that the presence and correct orientation of the C3 methyl group on the IA compound is required for high-affinity ligand binding and transcriptional activity."( Mutational analysis of the estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain: influence of ligand structure and stereochemistry on transactivation.
Bocchinfuso, WP; Curtis, SW; Gandini, O; Kohno, H; Korach, KS, 1996)		0.29
" The dosage of these two substances help to differenciate between both carencies, but it is not determinant of any of them and is an expensive method."( [Megaloblastic anemia: rapid and economical study].
Cicchetti, G; Marín, GH; Tentoni, J, 1997)		0.3
" CYP1B1 protein exhibited a dose-response to TCDD that was different from those of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2."( Induction and localization of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) protein in the livers of TCDD-treated rats: detection using polyclonal antibodies raised to histidine-tagged fusion proteins produced and purified from bacteria.
Crofts, FG; Hayes, CL; Lax, SF; Li, Y; Lucier, GW; Strickland, PT; Sutter, TR; Walker, NJ, 1998)		0.5
" Furthermore, the dose-response profiles of the recombinant Domain III AFP and natural full-length AFP were similar."( The recombinant third domain of human alpha-fetoprotein retains the antiestrotrophic activity found in the full-length molecule.
Andersen, TT; Bennett, JA; Festin, SM; Fletcher, PW; Jacobson, HI; Shaye, DD, 1999)		0.3
" We present data which suggest that the his deattenuation defect in dnaA(Ts) mutants results from the loss of a gene dosage gradient between the hisR locus, close to oriC, and the his operon, far from oriC."( Histidine operon deattenuation in dnaA mutants of Salmonella typhimurium correlates with a decrease in the gene dosage ratio between tRNA(His) and histidine biosynthetic loci.
Blanc-Potard, AB; Bossi, L; Figueroa-Bossi, N, 1999)		1.75
"A total of 37 dose-response experiments with essential amino acids performed with rainbow trout and broiler chicken were re-evaluated with different mathematical approaches: an exponential model, a four-parameter logistic function, the saturation kinetics model and the broken line approach."( Estimates of essential amino acid requirements from dose-response studies with rainbow trout and broiler chicken: effect of mathematical model.
Pack, M; Rodehutscord, M, 1999)		0.3
" Northern analysis of THG1, THD1, and THB1 gene expression revealed that each gene is expressed in both roots and shoots, but at the concentrations and dosage times of Ni treatment used in this study, these genes failed to show any regulation by Ni."( Molecular dissection of the role of histidine in nickel hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi goesingense (Hálácsy).
Krämer, U; Patnoe, JM; Persans, MW; Salt, DE; Yan, X, 1999)		0.58
" coli (strains 343/763 uvrB/recA and 343/765 uvr(+)/rec(+)), a pronounced dose-response effect (induction of repairable DNA-damage) was seen at low concentrations (>/=4microg/ml)."( Genotoxic effects of methyl isothiocyanate.
Kassie, F; Knasmüller, S; Kundi, M; Laky, B; Nobis, E, 2001)		0.31
" In this study, it has been found that at a chlorine dosage of 15 mg/L and contact time of 15 min, the percentage total coliform kill in As-samra wastewater sample was 100%."( Determination of N-chloramines in As-samra chlorinated wastewater and their effect on the disinfection process.
al-Sheikh, AM; Fayyad, MK, 2001)		0.31
" Pretreatment of the rats with an ip bolus injection of alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, a suicide inhibitor of a histidine decarboxylase (HDC), at a dosage of 224 micromol/kg blocked the conversion of histidine into histamine and attenuated the suppressive effect of histidine on food intake from 64."( Histidine suppresses food intake through its conversion into neuronal histamine.
Akehi, Y; Chiba, S; Sakata, T; Tajima, D; Yoshimatsu, H, 2002)		1.99
" Furthermore, histidine reduced viscosity of the antibody solution, which is desirable for the manufacture of the dosage form."( Influence of histidine on the stability and physical properties of a fully human antibody in aqueous and solid forms.
Bautista, R; Chamow, SM; Chen, B; Mulkerrin, MG; Yu, K; Zapata, GA, 2003)		1.05
" Using this method, the mutations existed in a Psedomonas aeruginosa mutant strain were screened, indicating that A/G transitions at nt 181 and nt 314 in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (catB7) gene conferred this strain with a high chloramphenicol dosage resistant."( Directly fishing out subtle mutations in genomic DNA with histidine-tagged Thermus thermophilus MutS.
Liu, J; Wang, J, 2004)		0.57
" Histidine at a specific dosage range might serve as a beneficial adjuvant for the clinical treatment of epilepsy, especially when accompanied by impaired spatial memory."( Histidine enhances carbamazepine action against seizures and improves spatial memory deficits induced by chronic transauricular kindling in rats.
Chen, Z; Jin, CL; Li, Q; Liu, LY; Xu, LS; Yang, LX; Zhu-Ge, ZB, 2005)		2.68
" Dose-response analysis indicated that all four mutants exhibited increased basal levels of Stp1p processing."( Mapping of an internal protease cleavage site in the Ssy5p component of the amino acid sensor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and functional characterization of the resulting pro- and protease domains by gain-of-function genetics.
Kielland-Brandt, MC; Lo Leggio, L; Poulsen, P, 2006)		0.33
" In the first step, amino acids are continuously dosed from an infinite volume reservoir by electromigration to the column, where a sharp, stationary neutralization reaction boundary (NRB) is created in between acidic and basic primary electrolyte."( Analysis of amino acids by combination of carrier ampholyte-free IEF with ITP.
Glovinová, E; Pospíchal, J; Procházková, B, 2007)		0.34
" Here we show that an increased SF-1 dosage can by itself augment human adrenocortical cell proliferation through concerted actions on the cell cycle and apoptosis."( Increased steroidogenic factor-1 dosage triggers adrenocortical cell proliferation and cancer.
Arhatte, M; Barbry, P; Cavalli, LR; De Moura, J; Doghman, M; Figueiredo, BC; Heckert, LL; Karpova, T; Lalli, E; Rodrigues, GA; Virolle, V; Zambetti, GP, 2007)		0.34
" Further studies to optimize the dosing regimen in order to maximize decorporation efficiency are warranted."( Aminothiol receptors for decorporation of intravenously administered (60)Co in the rat.
Creim, JA; Curry, TL; Levitskaia, TG; Luders, T; Morris, JE; Thrall, KD; Woodstock, AD, 2010)		0.36
" Steep dose-response curves of the percentage of responding cells and cell viability show that NAHis04 inhibits in the micromolar range in an apparently cooperative manner."( Polyhistidine peptide inhibitor of the Abeta calcium channel potently blocks the Abeta-induced calcium response in cells. Theoretical modeling suggests a cooperative binding process.
Arispe, N; Diaz, J; Durell, SR; Guy, HR; Shafrir, Y, 2010)		0.92
" During preservation, in the periods of zero, 12, 18 and 24 hours, were conducted evaluating the degree of mucosal injury and dosage of malondialdehyde acid (MDA)."( Effects of ischemic preconditioning associated to different preservation solutions in protecting the intestinal graft.
Abrahão, Mde S; Gonzalez, AM; Montero, EF; Neves, Jde S; Salzedas Netto, AA, 2011)		0.37
" Following preconstriction with norepinephrine, dose-response curves were assessed for relaxation with bradykinin and sodium-nitroprusside."( Preservation of endothelial vascular function of saphenous vein grafts after long-time storage with a recently developed potassium-chloride and N-acetylhistidine enriched storage solution.
Deussen, A; Ebner, A; Kappert, U; Matschke, K; Reichenspurner, H; Tugtekin, SM; Wilbring, M; Zatschler, B, 2013)		0.59
"These observations indicate that naringenin was harmless upon exposure to rat gastrointestinal epithelium, clearly demonstrating the potential use of naturally occurring bioflavonoid as safe and novel pharmaceutical adjuvant in oral dosage forms as P-gp inhibitor."( Safety evaluation of naringenin upon experimental exposure on rat gastrointestinal epithelium for novel optimal drug delivery.
Nanjwade, BK; Patil, PA; Surampalli, G, 2016)		0.43
" Therefore, two dose-response studies were conducted to estimate the standardised ileal digestible (SID) Leu : lysine (Lys) and His : Lys required to optimise the growth performance of young pigs."( Estimation of the leucine and histidine requirements for piglets fed a low-protein diet.
Bartelt, J; Corrent, E; Kluge, H; Mielenz, N; Stangl, GI; Wessels, AG, 2016)		0.72
" According to the model of gene dosage balance, genes encoding interacting proteins are predicted to be preferentially co-retained after WGDs."( The effects of repeated whole genome duplication events on the evolution of cytokinin signaling pathway.
Heyl, A; Kaltenegger, E; Leng, S, 2018)		0.48
"Gene dosage balance between the interacting components indicated by co-retention after WGDs seems to play a minor role in the evolution of cytokinin signaling pathway."( The effects of repeated whole genome duplication events on the evolution of cytokinin signaling pathway.
Heyl, A; Kaltenegger, E; Leng, S, 2018)		0.48
"Healthy adults aged 21-50 y completed graded dosages of histidine supplement (4, 8, and 12 g/d, Study 1) (n = 20 men and n = 20 women) and/or a 16-g/d dosage of histidine (Study 2, n = 21 men and n = 19 women); 27 participants (n = 12 men and n = 15 women) completed both studies."( Tolerance to graded dosages of histidine supplementation in healthy human adults.
Aydemir, TB; Bender, E; Gheller, BJ; Gheller, ME; Handzlik, MK; Metallo, C; Smriga, M; Thalacker-Mercer, AE; Vermeylen, F, 2020)		1.09
"05) and blood urea nitrogen increased with dosage (P = 0."( Tolerance to graded dosages of histidine supplementation in healthy human adults.
Aydemir, TB; Bender, E; Gheller, BJ; Gheller, ME; Handzlik, MK; Metallo, C; Smriga, M; Thalacker-Mercer, AE; Vermeylen, F, 2020)		0.84
"Linear models provided a simple and reliable tool to aid optimal monitoring of IGF-I by predicting mean and peak IGF-I levels based on an IGF-I sample following dosing of somapacitan."( Optimal Monitoring of Weekly IGF-I Levels During Growth Hormone Therapy With Once-Weekly Somapacitan.
Agersø, H; Højby Rasmussen, M; Juul Kildemoes, R; Overgaard, RV, 2021)		0.62
"Somapacitan is a growth hormone derivative approved for once-weekly treatment of growth hormone deficiency in adults and currently in clinical development for once-weekly dosing in children."( Structure identification of circulating metabolites from somapacitan, a long-acting growth hormone derivative, and pharmacokinetics after single and multiple subcutaneous dosing in rats.
Bjelke, M; Helleberg, H; Lindecrona, RH; Thygesen, P, 2022)		0.72
"In neonatal on-pump cardiac surgery patients, single-shot HD (>60 mL/kg) HTK perfusion had a comparable heart protection effect and short-term post-operative prognosis as standard dosage perfusion of 40 to 60 mL/kg."( Comparable prognosis in different neonatal histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate dosage management.
Bai, LT; Feng, ZY; Guo, SW; Jin, Y; Li, YX; Liu, JP; Tong, YY; Zhang, PY; Zhao, J, 2021)		0.88
" The aim of this study was to provide clinical guidance on dosing and titration of the novel long-acting GH derivative somapacitan based on analyses of somapacitan dose-insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) responses in AGHD patients."( Dose-exposure-IGF-I response of once-weekly somapacitan in adults with GH deficiency.
Biller, BMK; Hollensen, C; Johannsson, G; Kildemoes, RJ; Rasmussen, MH; Takahashi, Y, 2022)		0.72
"Analyses of dosing information, 4364 somapacitan concentration samples and 4880 IGF-I samples from 330 AGHD patients treated with somapacitan in three phase 3 trials."( Dose-exposure-IGF-I response of once-weekly somapacitan in adults with GH deficiency.
Biller, BMK; Hollensen, C; Johannsson, G; Kildemoes, RJ; Rasmussen, MH; Takahashi, Y, 2022)		0.72
" Simulations of IGF-I SDS profiles confirmed the appropriate time for IGF-I sampling to be 3-4 days after somapacitan dosing and supported somapacitan administration with up to 3 days delay in case of missed dosing."( Dose-exposure-IGF-I response of once-weekly somapacitan in adults with GH deficiency.
Biller, BMK; Hollensen, C; Johannsson, G; Kildemoes, RJ; Rasmussen, MH; Takahashi, Y, 2022)		0.72
"This study extends the knowledge of the somapacitan dose-IGF-I response and provides information on clinical dosing of once-weekly somapacitan in patients with AGHD."( Dose-exposure-IGF-I response of once-weekly somapacitan in adults with GH deficiency.
Biller, BMK; Hollensen, C; Johannsson, G; Kildemoes, RJ; Rasmussen, MH; Takahashi, Y, 2022)		0.72
" A decrease in His plasma levels correlated with damage accrual independent of prednisolone dosage and type I IFN signature."( Combined plasma metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis identify histidine as a biomarker and potential contributor in SLE pathogenesis.
Endo, T; Fujio, K; Iwasaki, Y; Kochi, Y; Miki, I; Nakano, M; Okamura, T; Okubo, M; Ota, M; Sakurada, K; Suzuki, A; Takeshima, Y; Yamamoto, K, 2023)		1.15
" The present strategy for electrochemical sensor have been also showed excellent recovery in synthetic serum samples and tablet dosage form with the recoveries 97."( A sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer for the assay of teriflunomide.
Armutcu, C; Bellur Atici, E; Cetinkaya, A; Çorman, ME; Ozkan, SA; Uzun, L, 2022)		0.72
" In assessing the continuous HRP2 levels in participant blood versus RDT result, dose-response logistic regression provided quantitative estimates for HRP2 limit of detection (LOD)."( Performance of antigen detection for HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests in community surveys: Tanzania, July-November 2017.
Bakari, C; Battle, N; Chacky, F; Chiduo, MG; Ishengoma, DS; Mandara, CI; Mandike, R; Mkude, S; Mohamed, A; Molteni, F; Nace, D; Njau, R; Plucinski, M; Rogier, E; Rumisha, SF; Udhayakumar, V, 2022)		0.72
" The pNDA dosage is specific of hydroxyl radicals' production without l-histidine and of singlet oxygen production in presence of l-histidine."( Evaluation of relative efficiency of PDT photosensitizers in producing hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen in aqueous media using a UV-visible spectroscopy pNDA dosage.
Lancel, M; Linger, C; Port, M, 2023)		1.14
" Pharmacogenomics will help in selecting drugs and determining the individualized dosage of thiopurine drugs."( Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms, c.415C > T (Arg139Cys) and c.416G > A (Arg139His), in the NUDT15 Gene Are Associated with Thiopurine-Induced Leukopenia.
Andoh, A; Fujimoto, N; Hira, D; Ikeda, Y; Inatomi, O; Isono, T; Kawahara, M; Morita, SY; Nishida, A; Noda, S; Terada, T, 2023)		0.91
" However, currently, there are no recommendations set by national health agencies for tolerable upper intake levels (UL) for amino acids because of a lack of well-conducted human dose-response trials."( Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Individual Amino Acids in Humans: A Narrative Review of Recent Clinical Studies.
Elango, R, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

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Product Categories

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Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux, Aliments d'origine végétale, Légumineuses et dérivés, Produits à tartiner, Pâtes à tartiner végétales, Purées d'oléagineux, Beurres de légumineuses, Beurres de cacahuètes1
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Plant-based foods and beverages, Plant-based foods, Canned foods, Fruits and vegetables based foods, Canned plant-based foods, Vegetables based foods, Canned vegetables, Canned salsifis1
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Products

ProductBrandCategoryCompounds Matched from IngredientsDate Retrieved
ALLMAX Nutrition ALLWHEY CLASSIC Pure Whey Protein Blend Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition ALLWHEY Gold Premium Isolate-Whey Protein Blend Chocolate -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition ALLWHEY® CLASSIC Pure Whey Protein Blend Chocolate -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Classic AllWhey® 100% Whey Protein Source Vanilla -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Gold AllWhey Premium Whey Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Banana -- 2 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 2 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 2 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Peanut Butter Chocolate -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Strawberry -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoFlex Pure Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 5 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Isoflex Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 0.9 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition Isoflex Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 0.9 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoNatural™ Pure Whey Protein Isolate Unflavored -- 2 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Hydroxyproline, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoNatural™ Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 2 lbsALLMAX NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin A, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Almased Dietary Supplement for Weight Management Almond Vanilla -- 17.6 ozAlmasedWeight ManagementVitamin C, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, Niacin, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Almased Dietary Supplement for Weight Management -- 17.6 ozAlmasedWeight ManagementVitamin C, L-Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Muscle Whey Protein Isolate & Concentrate Chocolate -- 2 lbsAmazing MuscleActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, Vitamin A, L-Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Muscle Whey Protein Isolate & Concentrate Strawberry -- 2 lbsAmazing MuscleActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, Vitamin A, L-Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amazing Muscle Whey Protein Isolate & Concentrate Vanilla -- 2 lbsAmazing MuscleActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, Vitamin A, L-Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
AnabolNaturals Amino Balance -- 3.53 ozAnabolNaturalsActive Lifestyle & Fitness L-5-Hydroxy-Tryptophan, L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cystine, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, Serine, Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Ancient Nutrition Multi Collagen Advanced - Lean -- 90 CapsulesAncient NutritionVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal 100% Whey Protein Chocolate Fudge -- 4 lbsAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal 100% Whey Protein Classic Vanilla -- 28.8 ozAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal 100% Whey Protein Classic Vanilla -- 4 lbsAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Juiced Aminos Grape -- 30 ServingsAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessBetaine Anhydrous, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, Calcium Carbonate, L-Phenylalanine, Sodium Bicarbonate, L-Taurine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 30 PacksAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 44 PacksAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Cherry Bomb -- 30 ServingsAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Fruit Punch -- 14.7 ozAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Orange Crushed -- 14.5 ozAnimalActive Lifestyle & FitnessLipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Brow Amplifying Serum -- 1 mLBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Brow Amplifying Serum -- 3 mLBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Brow Volumizing Brow Filler Auburn -- 0.12 ozBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Brow Volumizing Brow Filler Clear -- 0.12 ozBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Densifying Conditioner -- 13.5 fl ozBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carealanine, amaranth, arginine, aspartic acid, caffeine, cetearyl alcohol, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Densifying Shampoo -- 13.5 fl ozBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carebutylene glycol, glyceryl oleate, PCA, alanine, amaranth, arginine, aspartic acid, biotin, caffeine, cocamidopropyl betaine, decyl glucoside, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Enhancing Conditioner -- 1 mLBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Enhancing Conditioner -- 3 mLBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Essential Serum -- 0.03 fl ozBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Essential Serum -- 2 mLBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Babe Original Lash Essential Serum -- 4 mLBabe OriginalBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, PCA, alanine, arbutin, arginine, aspartic acid, gluconolactone, biotin, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, hexylene glycol, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, propylene glycol, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, threonine, triethanolamine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Baebody Eye Gel -- 1.7 fl ozBaebodyBeauty & Personal Carebutylene glycol, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, carbomer, vitamin E, dimethyl sulfone, vitamin E, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Baebody Eye Gel Travel Size -- 0.5 fl ozBaebodyBeauty & Personal Carebutylene glycol, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, carbomer, vitamin E, dimethyl sulfone, vitamin E, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Balanced Greens Pea Protein Unflavored -- 27 ServingsBalanced GreensActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Vegan Protein Chocolate -- 27.3 ozBiochem SportsWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Vegan Protein Vanilla -- 12.2 ozBiochem SportsWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Vegan Protein Vanilla -- 24.4 ozBiochem SportsWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Isolate Protein Chocolate -- 30.9 ozBiochem SportsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Biochem Sports 100% Whey Protein Powder Sugar-Free Vanilla -- 11.8 ozBiochem SportsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Capsules -- 180 CapsulesBioOptimalVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Powder -- 10.58 ozBioOptimalVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Powder -- 15.87 ozBioOptimalVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural Chocolate -- 2 lbsBluebonnet NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural French Vanilla -- 2 lbsBluebonnet NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Bluebonnet Nutrition 100% Natural Whey Protein Isolate Natural Original -- 2.2 lbsBluebonnet NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Aller-Max™ -- 100 Vegetarian CapsulesCountry LifeVitamins & SupplementsN-Acetyl Cysteine, Vitamin C, calcium ascorbate, L-Histidine, Pantothenic Acid, Quercetin, Vitamin A2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cutler Nutrition Generate EAAs and BCAAs Intra and Post Workout - 30 Servings Blackberry Lemonade -- 11.64 ozCutler NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Histidine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cutler Nutrition Generate EAAs and BCAAs Intra and Post Workout - 30 Servings Sour Lemonade -- 12.91 ozCutler NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Histidine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cutler Nutrition Generate EAAs and BCAAs Intra and Post Workout - 30 Servings Sour Rainbow Candy -- 12.95 ozCutler NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Histidine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cutler Nutrition Generate EAAs and BCAAs Intra and Post Workout - 30 Servings Watermelon -- 11.3 ozCutler NutritionActive Lifestyle & FitnessL-Histidine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Taurine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Cymbiotika Plant Protein Powder Vanilla -- 30 ozCymbiotikaWeight Management Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cellulase, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, Alpha GPC, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness 100% Whey Protein Powder Designer Whey with Probiotics French Vanilla -- 4 lbsDesigner WellnessActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness 100% Whey Protein Powder Designer Whey with Probiotics Gourmet Chocolate -- 4 lbsDesigner WellnessActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder Double Chocolate -- 2 lbsDesigner WellnessActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Tryptophane, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder French Vanilla -- 2 lbsDesigner WellnessActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Designer Wellness Designer Natural 100% Whey Protein Powder Unflavored -- 2 lbsDesigner WellnessActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Amino Complex - NSF Certified for Sport Natural Fruit Punch -- 30 ServingsDesigns for SportProfessional SupplementsAlpha-Ketoglutarate, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, L-Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Designs for Sport Amino Complex - NSF Certified for Sport Natural Orange -- 30 ServingsDesigns for SportProfessional SupplementsAlpha-Ketoglutarate, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, L-Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Botanical Health Organic Green Spirulina Powder -- 3.5 ozDr. Botanical HealthVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chlorophyll, Cysteine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Phosphorus, Proline, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ForestLeaf Advanced Collagen Peptides Grass-Fed Unflavored -- 16 ozForestLeafVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
ForestLeaf Advanced Collagen Peptides Grass-Fed Unflavored -- 32 ozForestLeafVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Ultra Energized Liquid Super Fuel Shot -- 1.2 fl ozFrog FuelActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Caffeine, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Ultra Liquid Super Fuel Shot -- 1.2 fl oz Each / Pack of 24Frog FuelActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides 100% Pure Protein Powder Unflavored -- 14 ServingsFurther FoodVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides 100% Pure Protein Powder Unflavored -- 30 ServingsFurther FoodVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein & Greens Real Raw Vanilla -- 19.3 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Chromium, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin A, Selenium, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein Plant-Based Formula Chocolate -- 24.69 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein Plant-Based Formula Unflavored -- 19.75 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life RAW Organic Protein Plant-Based Formula Vanilla -- 23.28 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin K2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Sport Certified Grass Fed Whey Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 20 ServingsGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Sport Organic Plant-Based Protein - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 19 ServingsGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Manganese, Molybdenum, Proline, Selenium, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Garden of Life Sport Organic Plant-Based Protein - NSF Certified Sport Chocolate -- 32.17 ozGarden of LifeActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Genceutic Naturals Plant Head® Protein Banana -- 30 ServingsGenceutic NaturalsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Genceutic Naturals Plant Head® Protein Chocolate -- 30 ServingsGenceutic NaturalsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Genceutic Naturals Plant Head® Protein Strawberry -- 30 ServingsGenceutic NaturalsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Genceutic Naturals Plant Head® Protein Vanilla -- 30 ServingsGenceutic NaturalsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Delicious Dream Protein Creamy French Vanilla -- 1.5 lbsGreens FirstActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Proline, Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Delicious Dream Protein Rich Dutch Chocolate -- 1.5 lbsGreens FirstActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Proline, Serine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Dream Protein Plant-Based Chocolate Dream -- 27.54 ozGreens FirstActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Pro Dream Protein Plant-Based Vanilla -- 24.81 ozGreens FirstWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Collagen Peptide + Probiotic Powder Unflavored -- 7.4 ozHavasu NutritionVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Heaven Sent Wellgenix Balanced Essentials + Plus Liquid Vitamins Berry -- 32 fl ozHeaven SentVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Antimony, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Kelp, Barium, Beryllium, Biotin, Bismuth, Boron, Bromide, Omega 3, Cerium, Cesium, Chromium, citric acid, Cobalt, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Fluoride, Folate, Gadolinium, Gallium, Vitamin E, Glycine, Gold, Hafnium, Histidine, Holmium, Inositol, Iodine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Lanthanum, Leucine, Calcium Carbonate, Lithium, Lutetium, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, Nickel, Niobium, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Praseodymium, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Rhenium, Riboflavin, Rubidium, Samarium, Scandium, Selenium, Serine, Silicon, Silver, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Terbium, Thallium, Thiamin, Thorium, Threonine, Thulium, Tin, Titanium, Tryptophan, Tungsten, Tyrosine, Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zirconium2024-11-29 10:47:42
HiBar Cleanse Face Wash Bar Fragrance Free -- 2 ozHiBarBeauty & Personal Carealanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lauric acid, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, squalane, stearic acid, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
HiBar Hydrate Face Wash Bar Fragrance Free -- 2 ozHiBarBeauty & Personal Carealanine, arginine, aspartic acid, panthenol, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lauric acid, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, squalane, stearic acid, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
HiBar Renew Face Wash Bar Fragrance Free -- 2 ozHiBarBeauty & Personal Carealanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, lauric acid, phenylalanine, proline, propanediol, serine, sodium lactate, squalane, stearic acid, threonine, undecylenic acid, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Chocolate -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Chocolate -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Chocolate -- 80 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Strawberry -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Strawberry -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Unflavored -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Unflavored -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Vanilla -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Egg White Protein Vanilla -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, rebaudioside A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 80 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Strawberry -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Unflavored -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Unflavored -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Isolate Vanilla -- 24 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jay Robb Whey Protein Powder Strawberry -- 12 ozJay RobbActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
KAL Nutritional Yeast Flakes -- 12 ozKALFood & BeveragesAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cystine, Folate, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, pyridoxine HCI, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Kardashian Rejuvicare Liquid Collagen Formula Grape -- 16 fl ozKardashianVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, citric acid, fructose, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Histidine, L-Hydroxylysine, L-Hydroxyproline, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, L-Serine, sodium benzoate, L-Valine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Essential Aminos + HMB - NSF Certified for Sport Natural Orange -- 9.7 ozKlean AthleteProfessional Supplementscitric acid, Vitamin D3, citric acid, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Isolate - NSF Certified for Sport -- 15.73 ozKlean AthleteProfessional SupplementsL-Alanine, L-Cystine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Levels Whey Protein Powder Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 26 ServingsLevelsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Levels Whey Protein Powder Double Chocolate -- 28 ServingsLevelsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Levels Whey Protein Powder Strawberry -- 28 ServingsLevelsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Levels Whey Protein Powder Vanilla Bean -- 28 ServingsLevelsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah! Balanced Protein + Fiber Hemp Protein Powder -- 1 lbManitoba HarvestActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycerin, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah! Balanced Protein + Fiber Hemp Protein Powder -- 2 lbsManitoba HarvestActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Yeah!™ Max Fiber Original -- 1 lbManitoba HarvestActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Yeah! Max Fiber Chocolate Hemp Protein Powder -- 1 lbManitoba HarvestActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Manitoba Harvest Organic Hemp Yeah! Max Fiber Vanilla Hemp Protein Powder -- 1 lbManitoba HarvestActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycerin, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Theanine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MenoLabs Goddess Glow Beauty Collagen™ -- 10 ozMenoLabsVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Metabolic Whey Protein Chocolate -- 2 billion - 5 lbsMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Metabolic Whey™ Protein Rich Vanilla -- 5 lbsMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Natural Gainer Rich Vanilla -- 3.3 lbsMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, maltodextrin, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, tocopherols, trehalose, tricalcium phosphate, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Natural Whey Protein Rich Vanilla -- 2.03 lbsMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Nutrition Veggie Protein with Superfoods Vanilla -- 20.1 ozMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, potassium chloride, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Smooth Veggie Elite Performance Protein Vanilla Bean -- 36 ozMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Veggie Meal Replacement Vanilla Bean -- 3 lbsMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Cysteine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, trehalose, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D22024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Veggie Protein Powder Chocolate -- 20.1 ozMRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Omega-3, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, potassium chloride, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MRM Whey Protein Chocolate -- 32.3 oz - (2.02 lbs)MRMActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Iso Whey Chocolate -- 2 lbsMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Iso Whey Chocolate -- 5 lbsMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Iso Whey Vanilla -- 2 lbsMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Iso Whey Vanilla -- 5 lbsMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Platinum EAA - 30 servings Fruit Punch -- 13.86 ozMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Citric acid, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, malic acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Potassium bicarbonate, rebaudioside D, Sodium citrate, tartaric acid, sucralose, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
MuscleTech Platinum EAA - 30 servings Grape -- 13.65 ozMuscleTechActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Citric acid, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, malic acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Potassium bicarbonate, rebaudioside D, Sodium citrate, tartaric acid, sucralose, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Total Body Collagen Bioactive Peptides Unflavored -- 17 ozNatural FactorsVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycerine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Whey Factors® Natural French Vanilla -- 2 lbsNatural FactorsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lactoferrin, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Whey Factors® Unflavored -- 2 lbsNatural FactorsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Lactoferrin, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutiva Organic Hemp Protein Powder - Fiber Plus -- 16 ozNutivaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Classic Whey Protein Chocolate Milkshake -- 80 ozNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Classic Whey Protein Chocolate Peanut Butter Bliss -- 80 ozNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Micellar Casein Powder Dutch Chocolate -- 2 lbsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Muscle Matrix Protein Alpine Vanilla -- 29 ServingsNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraBio Whey Protein Isolate Alpine Vanilla -- 32 ozNutraBioActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriBiotic Raw Rice Protein Powder Chocolate -- 1.69 lbsNutriBioticActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriCology Free Aminos -- 100 CapsulesNutriCologyVitamins & SupplementsL-Alanine, cellulose, L-Cystine, L-Glutamine, Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, Taurine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Beef Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 2 lbsOlympian LabsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, reb-A, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Lean and Healthy Pea Protein Chocolate -- 13 ServingsOlympian LabsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Lean and Healthy Pea Protein Vanilla -- 17.4 ozOlympian LabsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Pea Protein Vanilla -- 26.7 ozOlympian LabsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, xylitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Sea Nourishment Cran-Raspberry -- 32 fl ozOlympian LabsVitamins & SupplementsLipase, citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Barium, Beta Carotene, Bismuth, Boron, Bromine, Cadmium, Cellulase, Cesium, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Citrulline, Cobalt, Cysteine, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Germanium, Vitamin E, Glutamine, Glycine, Gold, Histidine, Hydrogen, Indium, Iodine, Iridium, Lanthanum, Lithium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B, Nickel, Niobium, Ornithine, Osmium, Palladium, Phosphorus, Platinum, Proline, Rhodium, Rubidium, Selenium, Serine, Silver, Strontium, Sulfur, Taurine, Tellurium, Thallium, Tin, Titanium, Tungsten, CoQ7, CoQ8, CoQ9, Uranium, Vanadium2024-11-29 10:47:42
OM Organic Master Blend Plant-Based Protein Creamy Chocolate -- 19.57 ozOMHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Onnit Plant-Based Protein - 20 Serving Tub - Informed Sport Certified Chocolate -- 23.8 ozOnnitActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, leaf, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Onnit Plant-Based Protein - 20 Serving Tub - Informed Sport Certified Vanilla -- 21.9 ozOnnitActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, leaf, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard 100% Whey Protein Powder For Muscle Support and Recovery Double Rich Chocolate -- 149 ServingsOptimum NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitnessacesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
OWYN Plant Protein Dark Chocolate -- 1.2 lbsOWYNWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
OWYN Plant Protein Smooth Vanilla -- 1.1 lbsOWYNWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, omega-3, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, vanilla2024-11-29 10:47:42
Pacifica Vegan Ceramide Barrier Face Cream -- 1.7 fl ozPacificaBeauty & Personal CarePCA, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, glyceryl caprylate, niacinamide, oat, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, phytosphingosine, proline, serine, stearyl alcohol, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Paradise Herbs ORAC-Energy Protein & Greens Original Unflavored -- 16 ozParadise HerbsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Quercetin, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Complete Plant Protein Red Velvet -- 2 lbsPlantFusionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Fructose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Complete Plant Protein Vanilla Bean -- 1 lbPlantFusionActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Fructose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, stevia, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunaroma Coconut Oil Curl-Defining Leave-In Conditioner -- 12 ozSunaromaBeauty & Personal CarePCA, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cetearyl alcohol, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Active Protein Chocolate -- 20 ServingsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Active Protein Vanilla -- 20 ServingsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Chocolate -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Natural -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Natural -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Vanilla -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Classic PLUS Protein Vanilla -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Harvest Hemp Protein Powder Unflavored -- 26.4 ozSunwarriorVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Niacin, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Serine, Thiamin, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Chocolate -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Chocolate -- 30 ServingsSunwarriorWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Natural -- 30 ServingsSunwarriorWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Vanilla -- 15 ServingsSunwarriorWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Classic Vanilla -- 30 ServingsSunwarriorWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Warrior Blend Chocolate -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Protein Warrior Blend Unflavored -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Sport Organic Active Protein Cake Batter -- 2.2 lbSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 1.65 lbSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein Maple French Toast -- 1.65 lbSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein + Greens Chocolate -- 1.65 lbSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein + Greens Unflavored -- 1.65 lbSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Organic Protein + Greens Vanilla -- 1.65 lbSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant Based Organic Protein Berry -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Chocolate -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Mocha -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Mocha -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Natural -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Vanilla -- 1.65 lbsSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Vanilla -- 13.2 ozSunwarriorActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine INTRA Tropical Blast -- 30 ServingsSwolverineActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, citric acid, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, malic acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, L-Taurine, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Thorne Research Amino Complex - NSF Certified for Sport - Berry -- 30 ServingsThorne ResearchProfessional Supplementscitric acid, citric acid, leaf, L-Cystine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Titan Nutrition Whey Toffee Macchiato -- 28 ServingsTitan NutritionActive Lifestyle & Fitnessacesulfame potassium, acesulfame potassium, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, sucralose, Tryptophan, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tree to Tub Anti-Aging Peptide & Niacinamide Serum For Face -- 1 fl ozTree to TubBeauty & Personal Carecaprylyl glycol, citric acid, PCA, alanine, chamomile, arginine, aspartic acid, caffeine, carnitine, citric acid, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, vitamin B3, niacinamide, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
TruSkin Peptide Facial Serum -- 1 fl ozTruSkinBeauty & Personal Carebutylene glycol, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, carbomer, panthenol, ethylhexylglycerin, glycerin, glycine, histidine, hydroxyethylcellulose, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
TruSkin Serum Eye Gel -- 0.5 fl ozTruSkinBeauty & Personal Carebutylene glycol, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, carbomer, vitamin E, vitamin E, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, sodium benzoate, sodium lactate, threonine, valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Jalapeno Cheddar -- 10.6 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, dextrin, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Jalapeno Cheddar -- 2.1 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, dextrin, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Mesquite Barbecue -- 10.6 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Mesquite Barbecue -- 2.1 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Nacho Cheese -- 10.6 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, maltodextrin, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Nacho Cheese -- 2.1 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, maltodextrin, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Sour Cream & Onion -- 10.6 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twin Peaks Ingredients Protein Puffs Sour Cream & Onion -- 2.1 ozTwin Peaks IngredientsActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Amino Fuel® Orange Rush -- 16 fl ozTwinlabActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sodium benzoate, Threonine, sucralose, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Amino Fuel® Orange Rush -- 32 fl ozTwinlabActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sodium benzoate, Threonine, sucralose, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 45 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 12 PacketsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 45 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Premium Vegan Protein Powder- NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 20 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Mocha -- 45 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Peanut Butter -- 19 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Peanut Butter -- 45 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Berry -- 19 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 12 PacketsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 19 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Mocha -- 19 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Vitamin A, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Berry -- 45 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Tub - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 14 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vega Sport Protein Powder Tub - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 14 ServingsVegaActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Gummies Grape -- 120 GummiesVital ProteinsVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Strawberry Lemonade -- 20 ServingsVitauthorityWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Unflavored -- 20 ServingsVitauthorityWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Powder Strawberry Lemonade -- 11.4 ozVitauthorityWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Burn Powder Unflavored -- 8.6 ozVitauthorityWeight ManagementAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Chromium, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein Plus Unflavored -- 30 ServingsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein Plus Unflavored -- 60 ServingsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Peach Mango -- 30 ServingsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Pink Lemonade -- 30 ServingsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Strawberry -- 30 ServingsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Tropica Punch -- 30 ServingsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitauthority Multi Collagen Protein+ Unflavored -- 20 PacketsVitauthorityActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
VMI Sports Aminogex Ultra Gummy Bear -- 30 ServingsVMI SportsActive Lifestyle & Fitness Citric acid, Betaine Anhydrous, Chloride, Citric acid, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, malic acid, L-Phenylalanine, L-Taurine, sucralose, L-Valine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Collagen -- 6000 mg - 290 TabletsYoutheoryVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Collagen Liquid Natural Berry -- 5000 mg - 12 PacketsYoutheoryVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zahler Iron Complex Gentle & Non-Constipating Formula -- 100 CapsulesZahlerVitamins & SupplementsVitamin C, Folate, L-Histidine, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Zesty Paws Itch Soother Conditioner with Oatmeal & Aloe Vera for Dogs Vanilla -- 16 fl ozZesty PawsPet Suppliescitric acid, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cetearyl alcohol, citric acid, panthenol, glycerin, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, oat, phenoxyethanol, phenylalanine, proline, sodium lactate, L-valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Collagen Peptides Unflavored -- 18 ozZhouVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Beef Gelatin Powder Grass-Fed -- 16 ozZintActive Lifestyle & FitnessAlanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Norvaline, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 16 ozZintVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 32 ozZintVitamins & SupplementsAlanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine2024-11-29 10:47:42

Roles (7)

RoleDescription
nutraceuticalA product in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide essential nutrients, such as a vitamin, an essential mineral, a protein, an herb, or similar nutritional substance.
micronutrientAny nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metaboliteAny fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Escherichia coli metaboliteAny bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli.
human metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
algal metaboliteAny eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in algae including unicellular organisms like chlorella and diatoms to multicellular organisms like giant kelps and brown algae.
mouse metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (5)

ClassDescription
amino acid zwitterionThe zwitterionic form of an amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl group and a positively charged amino group.
polar amino acid zwitterion
histidineAn alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.
L-alpha-amino acidAny alpha-amino acid having L-configuration at the alpha-carbon.
proteinogenic amino acidAny of the 23 alpha-amino acids that are precursors to proteins, and are incorporated into proteins during translation. The group includes the 20 amino acids encoded by the nuclear genes of eukaryotes together with selenocysteine, pyrrolysine, and N-formylmethionine. Apart from glycine, which is non-chiral, all have L configuration.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (24)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Histidine Metabolism1735
beta-Alanine Metabolism927
Ammonia Recycling1227
GABA-Transaminase Deficiency927
Histidinemia1735
Ureidopropionase Deficiency927
Carnosinuria, Carnosinemia927
Methylhistidine Metabolism14
tRNA Charging5227
tRNA Charging 22225
Histidine Biosynthesis821
Secondary Metabolites: Histidine Biosynthesis820
Histidine degradation ( Histidine degradation )2326
Amino acid metabolism pathway excerpt: histidine catabolism extension016
Protein Synthesis: Histidine804
Carnosine metabolism of glial cells09
ovothiol A biosynthesis05
tRNA charging pathway023
ovothiol biosynthesis03
superpathway of histidine, purine, and pyrimidine biosynthesis064
Histidine metabolism120
AtMetExpress overview0109
Biochemical pathways: part I0466
Amino acid metabolism094
Glucose homeostasis021

Protein Targets (61)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.51040.004110.890331.5287AID493107
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.97280.035520.977089.1251AID504332
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.43680.133725.412989.1251AID588795
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.79430.031610.279239.8107AID884; AID885
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.251215.843239.8107AID504327
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.79431.000012.224831.6228AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)Ki4,400.00000.26202.93587.0000AID1796109
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, HISTIDINE-BINDING PROTEINEscherichia coliKd0.06400.06400.06400.0640AID977611
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEINSalmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar TyphimuriumKd0.50000.01400.18130.5000AID977611
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEINSalmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar TyphimuriumKd0.50000.01400.18130.5000AID977611
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEINSalmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar TyphimuriumKd0.50000.01400.18130.5000AID977611
Histidine-binding periplasmic proteinEscherichia coli K-12Kd0.11400.11400.11400.1140AID1802426
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Carbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)KA37.75000.24000.81921.6700AID1815483; AID318346
Carbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)Activity0.03000.03000.03000.0300AID270217
Carbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)KA0.65560.02001.72197.4000AID1331203; AID1397319; AID1815474; AID268620; AID291061; AID307896; AID318343; AID353359; AID365827; AID409984; AID462829; AID50347; AID50348; AID691713; AID725228
Carbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)Activity10.000010.000010.000010.0000AID270216
Carbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)KA28.58890.01101.42737.8000AID1331204; AID1397320; AID1815475; AID268621; AID291063; AID307897; AID318344; AID353360; AID365828; AID409986; AID414329; AID462830; AID464319; AID47753; AID47897; AID691714; AID725229
Plasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)KA0.97000.04401.39744.3800AID305777
Carbonic anhydrase 3Homo sapiens (human)Ka35.93330.09100.72851.1200AID1815476; AID365829; AID409993
Carbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)KA13.72500.07904.45607.3000AID1815477; AID257047; AID365830; AID375786
Carbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)KA25.62501.20005.82769.5400AID1815480; AID307898; AID462831
Adenosine receptor A1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA10.90000.01101.32337.8000AID691714
Adenosine receptor A2aRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA10.90000.01101.32337.8000AID691714
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)KA1.32000.01002.79269.8100AID1815478; AID305776
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA0.92000.71003.79009.7400AID291065
Carbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)KA0.92000.71003.875610.0000AID1815481; AID291065
Carbonic anhydraseSaccharomyces cerevisiae S288CKa82.00000.95005.12509.3000AID414331; AID464321
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA0.92000.71003.79009.7400AID291065
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA0.92000.71003.79009.7400AID291065
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA0.92000.71003.79009.7400AID291065
Carbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)KA9.70670.00904.24939.7100AID1815482; AID318345; AID353361
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putativeTrypanosoma cruzi strain CL BrenerKA11.30000.14002.80507.5400AID1397322
Carbonic anhydraseCandida albicans SC5314KA24.10000.96003.95338.4000AID458784
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA0.92000.71003.79009.7400AID291065
Carbonic anhydrase Nakaseomyces glabratus CBS 138Ka37.00007.10008.30009.5000AID464322
Carbonic anhydrase 13Homo sapiens (human)KA0.13000.05001.11334.6000AID1815484
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA0.92000.71003.79009.7400AID291065
Carbonic anhydrase 15Mus musculus (house mouse)KA32.10004.00007.68579.5000AID375787
Carbonic anhydrase 13Mus musculus (house mouse)KA0.13000.01301.51404.6000AID268622
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)KA0.92000.71003.79009.7400AID291065
Carbonic anhydrase 14Homo sapiens (human)KA0.90000.01002.28947.2100AID1815485; AID291067
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)KA0.97000.04402.120510.0000AID1815479; AID305777
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (72)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
estrous cycleCarbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion homeostasisCarbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epitheliumCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergicCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular pH reductionCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-activated signaling pathwayCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic anion transportCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
secretionCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular pHCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transportCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transportCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
carbon dioxide transportCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
Factor XII activationPlasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)
proteolysisPlasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)
blood coagulationPlasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)
zymogen activationPlasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)
plasminogen activationPlasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)
fibrinolysisPlasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibrinolysisPlasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)
response to bacteriumCarbonic anhydrase 3Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 3Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transportHistidine-binding periplasmic proteinEscherichia coli K-12
L-histidine import across plasma membraneHistidine-binding periplasmic proteinEscherichia coli K-12
bicarbonate transportCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter tasteCarbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
intestine smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergicCarbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular pH reductionCarbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisCarbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chloride transportCarbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular pHCarbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune responseLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of type II interferon productionLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-17 productionLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-4 productionLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of autophagyLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to muscle activityLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
neutral amino acid transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
isoleucine transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-leucine transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
methionine transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
phenylalanine transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
proline transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
tryptophan transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
tyrosine transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
valine transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
alanine transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to hyperoxiaLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glial cell proliferationLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharideLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid import across plasma membraneLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
liver regenerationLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-histidine transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to L-arginineLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-leucine import across plasma membraneLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-tryptophan transmembrane transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic processLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of L-leucine import across plasma membraneLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transmembrane transportLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthetic process, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseGlutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
protein modification processGlutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
morphogenesis of an epitheliumCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
response to testosteroneCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
secretionCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 13Homo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 14Homo sapiens (human)
response to bacteriumCarbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
one-carbon metabolic processCarbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (23)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activityCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
hydro-lyase activityCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
arylesterase activityCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cyanamide hydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activityPlasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPlasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCarbonic anhydrase 3Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 3Homo sapiens (human)
nickel cation bindingCarbonic anhydrase 3Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid bindingHistidine-binding periplasmic proteinEscherichia coli K-12
protein bindingCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activityAdenosine receptor A2aRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transmembrane transporter activityLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
aromatic amino acid transmembrane transporter activityLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
neutral L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activityLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-leucine transmembrane transporter activityLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-tryptophan transmembrane transporter activityLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activityLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activityLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen bindingLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activityLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingGlutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingGlutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase activityGlutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCarbonic anhydrase 13Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 13Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 13Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 4Bos taurus (cattle)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 14Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 14Homo sapiens (human)
carbonate dehydratase activityCarbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCarbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (41)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)
membraneCarbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 12Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCarbonic anhydrase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
myelin sheathCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cellCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cellCarbonic anhydrase 2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionPlasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spacePlasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePlasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomePlasma kallikreinHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolCarbonic anhydrase 3Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCarbonic anhydrase 3Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCarbonic anhydrase 3Homo sapiens (human)
outer membrane-bounded periplasmic spaceHistidine-binding periplasmic proteinEscherichia coli K-12
periplasmic spaceHistidine-binding periplasmic proteinEscherichia coli K-12
membraneHistidine-binding periplasmic proteinEscherichia coli K-12
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, substrate-binding subunit-containingHistidine-binding periplasmic proteinEscherichia coli K-12
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
basolateral plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
rough endoplasmic reticulumCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartmentCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi networkCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
transport vesicle membraneCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membraneCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membraneCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 4Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionCarbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceCarbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCarbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCarbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceCarbonic anhydrase 6Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneAdenosine receptor A2aRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
mitochondrial matrixCarbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCarbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCarbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCarbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
cytosolCarbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCarbonic anhydrase 7Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
lysosomal membraneLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus membraneLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transport complexLarge neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionGlutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
specific granule lumenGlutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeGlutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
tertiary granule lumenGlutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumenGlutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
membraneCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
microvillus membraneCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 9Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
cytosolCarbonic anhydrase 13Homo sapiens (human)
myelin sheathCarbonic anhydrase 13Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCarbonic anhydrase 13Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCarbonic anhydrase 13Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCarbonic anhydrase 13Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
side of membraneCarbonic anhydrase 4Bos taurus (cattle)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 14Homo sapiens (human)
membraneCarbonic anhydrase 14Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 14Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 14Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCarbonic anhydrase 14Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCarbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCarbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCarbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCarbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (139)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1811Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB1994The Journal of biological chemistry, Oct-21, Volume: 269, Issue:42
Structural basis for multiple ligand specificity of the periplasmic lysine-, arginine-, ornithine-binding protein.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB1994The Journal of biological chemistry, Oct-21, Volume: 269, Issue:42
Structural basis for multiple ligand specificity of the periplasmic lysine-, arginine-, ornithine-binding protein.
AID1815474Activation of human carbonic anhydrase 1 by stopped flow assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226Binding site comparison for coumarin inhibitors and amine/amino acid activators of human carbonic anhydrases.
AID464319Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme 2 by stopped flow CO2 hydration method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5
Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the beta-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata with amines and amino acids.
AID409990Activation of Methanosarcina thermophila Zinc(2)-derived gamma-class CA by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the archaeal beta-class (Cab) and gamma-class (Cam) carbonic anhydrases with amino acids and amines.
AID1331206Activation of Burkholderia pseudomallei gamma carbonic anhydrase at 10 uM incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 27, Issue:1
Burkholderia pseudomallei γ-carbonic anhydrase is strongly activated by amino acids and amines.
AID291065Activation of human recombinant CA7 by CO2 hydrase assay2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the human isoforms VII (cytosolic) and XIV (transmembrane) with amino acids and amines.
AID1397319Activation of human CA1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay
AID778759Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of H2O2-induced ROS production by DCFH assay2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 56, Issue:17
Multifunctional cyclic D,L-α-peptide architectures stimulate non-insulin dependent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells and protect them against oxidative stress.
AID409993Activation of human recombinant CA3 by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the archaeal beta-class (Cab) and gamma-class (Cam) carbonic anhydrases with amino acids and amines.
AID270216Binding affinity to human CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 16, Issue:19
Carbonic anhydrase activators: the first X-ray crystallographic study of an adduct of isoform I.
AID458787Activation of Cryptococcus neoformans beta-carbonic anhydrase Can2 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 18, Issue:3
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the beta-carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with amines and amino acids.
AID1588256Cis-inhibition of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]-gabapentin uptake preincubated for 3 mins at 37 degC followed by washing with choline buffer and measured after 3 hrs by scintillation counting analysis2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 29, Issue:16
l-Type amino acid transporter 1 activity of 1,2,3-triazolyl analogs of l-histidine and l-tryptophan.
AID681113TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of L-tryptophan uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes2001The Journal of biological chemistry, May-18, Volume: 276, Issue:20
Expression cloning of a Na+-independent aromatic amino acid transporter with structural similarity to H+/monocarboxylate transporters.
AID1815479Activation of human carbonic anhydrase 5B by stopped flow assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226Binding site comparison for coumarin inhibitors and amine/amino acid activators of human carbonic anhydrases.
AID47897In vitro carbonic anhydrase activation in human cloned Carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Carbonic anhydrase activators: high affinity isozymes I, II, and IV activators, incorporating a beta-alanyl-histidine scaffold.
AID462832Activation of Stylophora pistillata carbonic anhydrase STPCA by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Carbonic anhydrase activators. The first activation study of a coral secretory isoform with amino acids and amines.
AID365829Activation of human recombinant CA3 at 10 uM by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the human cytosolic isozyme III and membrane-associated isoform IV with amino acids and amines.
AID353359Activation of human recombinant CA1 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 19, Issue:9
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of human isozymes I, II and IX with phenylsulfonylhydrazido l-histidine derivatives.
AID233318Bitter threshold value1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10
Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID725226Activation of Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense recombinant alpha carbonic anhydrase by stopped flow CO2 hydrase method2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 23, Issue:4
The extremo-α-carbonic anhydrase (CA) from Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense, the fastest CA known, is highly activated by amino acids and amines.
AID1331210Activation of Burkholderia pseudomallei gamma carbonic anhydrase assessed as Kcat at 10 uM incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 27, Issue:1
Burkholderia pseudomallei γ-carbonic anhydrase is strongly activated by amino acids and amines.
AID47753Tested in vitro for activation of Human cloned isozyme carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II)2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-22, Volume: 12, Issue:8
Carbonic anhydrase activators: human isozyme II is strongly activated by oligopeptides incorporating the carboxyterminal sequence of the bicarbonate anion exchanger AE1.
AID409988Activation of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum beta-class CA by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the archaeal beta-class (Cab) and gamma-class (Cam) carbonic anhydrases with amino acids and amines.
AID365577Activity of human recombinant CA2 at 10 uM stopped-flow CO2 hydration method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the human cytosolic isozyme III and membrane-associated isoform IV with amino acids and amines.
AID365827Activation of human recombinant CA1 at 10 uM by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the human cytosolic isozyme III and membrane-associated isoform IV with amino acids and amines.
AID233501The pKa value was measured at N15 chemical shift changes due to protonation1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-12, Volume: 36, Issue:23
Protonation of phosphoramide mustard and other phosphoramides.
AID1398359Cis-inhibition of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells at 200 uM assessed as inhibition of [3H]-gabapentin uptake preincubated for 3 mins at 37 degC followed by washing with choline buffer and measured after 3 hrs by scintillation counting analysis r2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-23, Volume: 61, Issue:16
Reevaluating the Substrate Specificity of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1).
AID353361Activation of human recombinant CA9 catalytic domain by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 19, Issue:9
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of human isozymes I, II and IX with phenylsulfonylhydrazido l-histidine derivatives.
AID375784Activity of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 4 lacking 20 amino terminal residues2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13
Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of the membrane-associated isoform XV with amino acids and amines.
AID51033Concentration required for obtaining 50% of the fluorescence intensity of copper-free calcein 1, in bovine serum albumin2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-19, Volume: 13, Issue:10
A green fluorescent chemosensor for amino acids provides a versatile high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for proteases.
AID318343Activation of human recombinant CA1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the human tumor-associated isozymes IX and XII with amino acids and amines.
AID375786Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 4 lacking 20 amino terminal residues by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase method2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13
Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of the membrane-associated isoform XV with amino acids and amines.
AID1331203Activation of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 1 at 10 uM incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 27, Issue:1
Burkholderia pseudomallei γ-carbonic anhydrase is strongly activated by amino acids and amines.
AID409992Activation of Methanosarcina thermophila cobalt(2)-derived gamma-class CA by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the archaeal beta-class (Cab) and gamma-class (Cam) carbonic anhydrases with amino acids and amines.
AID291063Activation of human recombinant CA2 by CO2 hydrase assay2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the human isoforms VII (cytosolic) and XIV (transmembrane) with amino acids and amines.
AID691713Activity of human recombinant CA1 cytosolic isoform after 15 mins by phenol red staining based stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 22, Issue:20
The first activation study of a bacterial carbonic anhydrase (CA). The thermostable α-CA from Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 is highly activated by amino acids and amines.
AID307898Activation of human recombinant CA6 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase method2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 15, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: the first activation study of the human secretory isoform VI with amino acids and amines.
AID1281543Activation of Malassezia globosa beta-carbonic anhydrase incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydrase method2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 26, Issue:5
Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the β-carbonic anhydrase from Malassezia globosa with amines and amino acids.
AID462830Activation of human recombinant CA2by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Carbonic anhydrase activators. The first activation study of a coral secretory isoform with amino acids and amines.
AID691715Activity of Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 recombinant CA expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) after 15 mins by phenol red staining based stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 22, Issue:20
The first activation study of a bacterial carbonic anhydrase (CA). The thermostable α-CA from Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 is highly activated by amino acids and amines.
AID500825Induction of nitrogen-starved wild type sigma1278b yeast Gap1-mediated trehalose activation at 10 mM2009Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 5, Issue:1
Transport and signaling via the amino acid binding site of the yeast Gap1 amino acid transceptor.
AID414331Activation of yeast recombinant CA by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase method2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the beta-carbonic anhydrase Nce103 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with amines and amino acids.
AID462829Activation of human recombinant CA1 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Carbonic anhydrase activators. The first activation study of a coral secretory isoform with amino acids and amines.
AID691714Activity of human recombinant CA2 cytosolic isoform after 15 mins by phenol red staining based stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 22, Issue:20
The first activation study of a bacterial carbonic anhydrase (CA). The thermostable α-CA from Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 is highly activated by amino acids and amines.
AID307897Activation of human recombinant CA2 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase method2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 15, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: the first activation study of the human secretory isoform VI with amino acids and amines.
AID1815482Activation of human carbonic anhydrase 9 by stopped flow assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226Binding site comparison for coumarin inhibitors and amine/amino acid activators of human carbonic anhydrases.
AID1815477Activation of human carbonic anhydrase 4 by stopped flow assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226Binding site comparison for coumarin inhibitors and amine/amino acid activators of human carbonic anhydrases.
AID725228Activation of human recombinant CA1 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase method2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 23, Issue:4
The extremo-α-carbonic anhydrase (CA) from Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense, the fastest CA known, is highly activated by amino acids and amines.
AID681145TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes2002Genomics, Jan, Volume: 79, Issue:1
The human T-type amino acid transporter-1: characterization, gene organization, and chromosomal location.
AID48116Tested in vitro for activation of carbonic anhydrase IV (bCA IV), purified from bovine lung microsomes2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-22, Volume: 12, Issue:8
Carbonic anhydrase activators: human isozyme II is strongly activated by oligopeptides incorporating the carboxyterminal sequence of the bicarbonate anion exchanger AE1.
AID375785Activity of membrane associated mouse recombinant carbonic anhydrase 15 isoform2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13
Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of the membrane-associated isoform XV with amino acids and amines.
AID1397321Activation of Leishmania donovani chagasi CA preincubated for 15 mins followed by CO2 addition by stopped-flow assay
AID1588255Cis-inhibition of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells at 200 uM assessed as inhibition of [3H]-gabapentin uptake preincubated for 3 mins at 37 degC followed by washing with choline buffer and measured after 3 hrs by scintillation counting analysis r2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 29, Issue:16
l-Type amino acid transporter 1 activity of 1,2,3-triazolyl analogs of l-histidine and l-tryptophan.
AID307896Activation of human recombinant CA1 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase method2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 15, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: the first activation study of the human secretory isoform VI with amino acids and amines.
AID353360Activation of human recombinant CA2 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 19, Issue:9
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of human isozymes I, II and IX with phenylsulfonylhydrazido l-histidine derivatives.
AID1815476Activation of human carbonic anhydrase 3 by stopped flow assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226Binding site comparison for coumarin inhibitors and amine/amino acid activators of human carbonic anhydrases.
AID1815485Activation of human carbonic anhydrase 14 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226Binding site comparison for coumarin inhibitors and amine/amino acid activators of human carbonic anhydrases.
AID1815480Activation of human carbonic anhydrase 6 by stopped flow assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226Binding site comparison for coumarin inhibitors and amine/amino acid activators of human carbonic anhydrases.
AID725229Activation of human recombinant CA2 by stopped flow CO2 hydrase method2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 23, Issue:4
The extremo-α-carbonic anhydrase (CA) from Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense, the fastest CA known, is highly activated by amino acids and amines.
AID414330Activation of Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus recombinant Cab by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase method2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the beta-carbonic anhydrase Nce103 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with amines and amino acids.
AID90187Binding affinity against Histidine-binding protein2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
SMall Molecule Growth 2001 (SMoG2001): an improved knowledge-based scoring function for protein-ligand interactions.
AID409986Activation of human recombinant CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the archaeal beta-class (Cab) and gamma-class (Cam) carbonic anhydrases with amino acids and amines.
AID464321Activation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombinant Nce103p by stopped flow CO2 hydration method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5
Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the beta-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata with amines and amino acids.
AID1398360Cis-inhibition of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells at 200 uM assessed as inhibition of [3H]-gabapentin uptake at 200 uM preincubated for 3 mins at 37 degC followed by washing with choline buffer and measured after 3 hrs by scintillation counting 2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-23, Volume: 61, Issue:16
Reevaluating the Substrate Specificity of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1).
AID1815478Activation of human carbonic anhydrase 5A by stopped flow assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226Binding site comparison for coumarin inhibitors and amine/amino acid activators of human carbonic anhydrases.
AID464322Activation of Candida glabrata recombinant carbonic anhydrase by stopped flow CO2 hydration method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5
Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the beta-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata with amines and amino acids.
AID365826Activity of human recombinant truncated CA4 at 10 uM stopped-flow CO2 hydration method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the human cytosolic isozyme III and membrane-associated isoform IV with amino acids and amines.
AID1815484Activation of human carbonic anhydrase 13 by stopped flow assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226Binding site comparison for coumarin inhibitors and amine/amino acid activators of human carbonic anhydrases.
AID291067Activation of of human recombinant CA14 by CO2 hydrase assay2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the human isoforms VII (cytosolic) and XIV (transmembrane) with amino acids and amines.
AID1398361Trans-stimulation of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells assessed as induction of [3H]-gabapentin efflux at 200 uM after 3 mins by scintillation counting analysis relative to L-phenylalanine2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-23, Volume: 61, Issue:16
Reevaluating the Substrate Specificity of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter (LAT1).
AID365828Activation of human recombinant CA2 at 10 uM by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the human cytosolic isozyme III and membrane-associated isoform IV with amino acids and amines.
AID1397322Activation of Trypanosoma cruzi CA preincubated for 15 mins followed by CO2 addition by stopped-flow assay
AID1331205Activation of recombinant Methanosarcina thermophila gamma carbonic anhydrase at 10 uM incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 27, Issue:1
Burkholderia pseudomallei γ-carbonic anhydrase is strongly activated by amino acids and amines.
AID270217Binding affinity to human CA1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 16, Issue:19
Carbonic anhydrase activators: the first X-ray crystallographic study of an adduct of isoform I.
AID318344Activation of human recombinant CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the human tumor-associated isozymes IX and XII with amino acids and amines.
AID458784Activation of Candida albicans beta-carbonic anhydrase Nce103 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 18, Issue:3
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the beta-carbonic anhydrases from the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with amines and amino acids.
AID365576Activity of human recombinant CA1 at 10 uM by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the human cytosolic isozyme III and membrane-associated isoform IV with amino acids and amines.
AID318346Activation of human recombinant CA12 catalytic domain by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the human tumor-associated isozymes IX and XII with amino acids and amines.
AID462831Activation of human full length CA6 by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6
Carbonic anhydrase activators. The first activation study of a coral secretory isoform with amino acids and amines.
AID1815475Activation of human carbonic anhydrase 2 by stopped flow assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226Binding site comparison for coumarin inhibitors and amine/amino acid activators of human carbonic anhydrases.
AID1397320Activation of human CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay
AID375787Activation of membrane associated mouse recombinant carbonic anhydrase 15 isoform by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase method2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13
Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of the membrane-associated isoform XV with amino acids and amines.
AID94678In vivo blood glucose was determined in obese, hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant KKAy mice after a dose of 500 mg/kg for 4 days2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 44, Issue:8
Synthesis and biological activity of analogues of the antidiabetic/antiobesity agent 3-guanidinopropionic acid: discovery of a novel aminoguanidinoacetic acid antidiabetic agent.
AID1815483Activation of human carbonic anhydrase 12 by stopped flow assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226Binding site comparison for coumarin inhibitors and amine/amino acid activators of human carbonic anhydrases.
AID291061Activation of human recombinant CA1 by CO2 hydrase assay2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the human isoforms VII (cytosolic) and XIV (transmembrane) with amino acids and amines.
AID198302Cleavage rate against hairpin ribozyme at 5 mM with 0.5 uM magnesium ions2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-03, Volume: 11, Issue:23
Novel spermine-amino acid conjugates and basic tripeptides enhance cleavage of the hairpin ribozyme at low magnesium ion concentration.
AID414329Activation of human recombinant CA2 by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase method2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 19, Issue:6
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the beta-carbonic anhydrase Nce103 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with amines and amino acids.
AID464320Activation of archaea Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum recombinant carbonic anhydrase by stopped flow CO2 hydration method2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5
Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the beta-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata with amines and amino acids.
AID1588254Trans-stimulation of human LAT1 expressed in TREx HEK293 cells assessed as induction of [3H]-gabapentin efflux at 200 uM after 3 mins by scintillation counting analysis relative to L-phenylalanine2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 29, Issue:16
l-Type amino acid transporter 1 activity of 1,2,3-triazolyl analogs of l-histidine and l-tryptophan.
AID305776Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 5A by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase method2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5
Carbonic anhydrase activators: an activation study of the human mitochondrial isoforms VA and VB with amino acids and amines.
AID257047Activation constant against recombinant human CA IV isozyme by the esterase method2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 15, Issue:23
Carbonic anhydrase activators: X-ray crystal structure of the adduct of human isozyme II with L-histidine as a platform for the design of stronger activators.
AID365830Activation of human recombinant truncated CA4 at 10 uM by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the human cytosolic isozyme III and membrane-associated isoform IV with amino acids and amines.
AID48117In vitro carbonic anhydrase IV activation in bovine lung microsomes.2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Carbonic anhydrase activators: high affinity isozymes I, II, and IV activators, incorporating a beta-alanyl-histidine scaffold.
AID26797Partition coefficient (logP)1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10
Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID198301Cleavage rate against hairpin ribozyme at 2 mM, in presence of 0.5 uM magnesium ions2001Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-03, Volume: 11, Issue:23
Novel spermine-amino acid conjugates and basic tripeptides enhance cleavage of the hairpin ribozyme at low magnesium ion concentration.
AID268620Activation of human recombinant CA1 by CO2 hydrase assay2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of isozyme XIII with amino acids and amines.
AID50348In vitro carbonic anhydrase activation in human cloned Carbonic anhydrase I (hCA I)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-17, Volume: 45, Issue:2
Carbonic anhydrase activators: high affinity isozymes I, II, and IV activators, incorporating a beta-alanyl-histidine scaffold.
AID268622Activation of mouse recombinant CA13 by CO2 hydrase method2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of isozyme XIII with amino acids and amines.
AID1815481Activation of human carbonic anhydrase 7 by stopped flow assay2021European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 226Binding site comparison for coumarin inhibitors and amine/amino acid activators of human carbonic anhydrases.
AID778757Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of H2O2-induced hydroxyl radical formation by EPR spectroscopic analysis in presence of Fe2+2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 56, Issue:17
Multifunctional cyclic D,L-α-peptide architectures stimulate non-insulin dependent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells and protect them against oxidative stress.
AID1135700Inhibition of Rana catesbeiana tadpole collagenase using lathyritic rat skin collagen as substrate after 41 hrs by radial diffusion assay1978Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:7
Mercaptoimidazolylpropionic acid hydrobromide. Inhibition of tadpole collagenase and related properties.
AID1331204Activation of recombinant human carbonic anhydrase 2 at 10 uM incubated for 15 mins prior to testing by stopped flow CO2 hydration assay2017Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 01-01, Volume: 27, Issue:1
Burkholderia pseudomallei γ-carbonic anhydrase is strongly activated by amino acids and amines.
AID725227Activation of Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense recombinant CA by stopped flow CO2 hydrase method2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 23, Issue:4
The extremo-α-carbonic anhydrase (CA) from Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense, the fastest CA known, is highly activated by amino acids and amines.
AID365578Activity of human recombinant CA3 at 10 uM stopped-flow CO2 hydration method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 18, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: Activation of the human cytosolic isozyme III and membrane-associated isoform IV with amino acids and amines.
AID318345Activation of human recombinant CA9 catalytic domain by stopped-flow CO2 hydration method2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the human tumor-associated isozymes IX and XII with amino acids and amines.
AID268621Activation of human recombinant CA2 by CO2 hydrase assay2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of isozyme XIII with amino acids and amines.
AID409984Activation of human recombinant CA1 by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23
Carbonic anhydrase activators: activation of the archaeal beta-class (Cab) and gamma-class (Cam) carbonic anhydrases with amino acids and amines.
AID311367Permeability coefficient in human skin2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 15, Issue:22
Transdermal penetration behaviour of drugs: CART-clustering, QSPR and selection of model compounds.
AID305777Activation of human recombinant carbonic anhydrase 5B by stopped-flow CO2 hydrase method2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 17, Issue:5
Carbonic anhydrase activators: an activation study of the human mitochondrial isoforms VA and VB with amino acids and amines.
AID50347Tested in vitro for activation of Human cloned isozyme carbonic anhydrase I (hCA I)2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-22, Volume: 12, Issue:8
Carbonic anhydrase activators: human isozyme II is strongly activated by oligopeptides incorporating the carboxyterminal sequence of the bicarbonate anion exchanger AE1.
AID1347405qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347410qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library2019Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening.
AID1347059CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347058CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID588349qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347151Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID504836Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation2002The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16
Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID1347045Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID588378qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347057CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347050Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347049Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1802426Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) from Article 10.1074/jbc.M113.490441: \\Role of the two structural domains from the periplasmic Escherichia coli histidine-binding protein HisJ.\\2013The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 288, Issue:44
Role of the two structural domains from the periplasmic Escherichia coli histidine-binding protein HisJ.
AID1796109QC Inhibition Testing from Article 10.1074/jbc.M309077200: \\Identification of human glutaminyl cyclase as a metalloenzyme. Potent inhibition by imidazole derivatives and heterocyclic chelators.\\2003The Journal of biological chemistry, Dec-12, Volume: 278, Issue:50
Identification of human glutaminyl cyclase as a metalloenzyme. Potent inhibition by imidazole derivatives and heterocyclic chelators.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB1994Biochemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 33, Issue:16
Refined 1.89-A structure of the histidine-binding protein complexed with histidine and its relationship with many other active transport/chemosensory proteins.
AID1811Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB1994Biochemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 33, Issue:16
Refined 1.89-A structure of the histidine-binding protein complexed with histidine and its relationship with many other active transport/chemosensory proteins.
AID1346929Human Peptide transporter 4 (SLC15 family of peptide transporters)2016International journal of pharmaceutics, Oct-15, Volume: 512, Issue:1
Circumvention of P-gp and MRP2 mediated efflux of lopinavir by a histidine based dipeptide prodrug.
AID1346964Human Peptide transporter 3 (SLC15 family of peptide transporters)2001The Biochemical journal, May-15, Volume: 356, Issue:Pt 1
Cloning of a lymphatic peptide/histidine transporter.
AID1346929Human Peptide transporter 4 (SLC15 family of peptide transporters)2006European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apr, Volume: 27, Issue:5
The functional evaluation of human peptide/histidine transporter 1 (hPHT1) in transiently transfected COS-7 cells.
AID1346929Human Peptide transporter 4 (SLC15 family of peptide transporters)2013Molecular pharmaceutics, Feb-04, Volume: 10, Issue:2
Expression profile and functional activity of peptide transporters in prostate cancer cells.
AID1346929Human Peptide transporter 4 (SLC15 family of peptide transporters)2017Biochemical pharmacology, Jan-15, Volume: 124A novel role for PHT1 in the disposition of l-histidine in brain: In vitro slice and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in wildtype and Pht1 null mice.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (21,402)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19907658 (35.78)18.7374
1990's3675 (17.17)18.2507
2000's5269 (24.62)29.6817
2010's3679 (17.19)24.3611
2020's1121 (5.24)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 65.66

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index65.66 (24.57)
Research Supply Index10.01 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.47 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index155.46 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.56 (0.95)

This Compound (65.66)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials114 (0.52%)5.53%
Reviews600 (2.72%)6.00%
Case Studies291 (1.32%)4.05%
Observational5 (0.02%)0.25%
Other21,036 (95.42%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.		2.4110O-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
dinitrochlorobenzene
Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.		2.3820C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes		allergen;
epitope;
sensitiser
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.		2.9140dihydroxybenzoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
chloroacetaldehyde
[no description available]		1.9510organochlorine compound
alpha-hydroxyglutarate
2-hydroxyglutarate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.. 2-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.05102-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-oxo-3-methylvalerate
alpha-keto-beta-methylvaleric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid carrying oxo- and methyl substituents at C-2 and C-3, respectively. An alpha-keto acid analogue and metabolite of isoleucine in man, animals and bacteria. Used as a clinical marker for maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).		1.97102-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
branched-chain keto acid		human metabolite
alpha-ketoisovalerate
alpha-ketoisovalerate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of isovaleric acid.		1.97102-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
branched-chain keto acid		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-phosphoglycerate
2-phosphoglycerate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-phosphoglyceric acid : A monophosphoglyceric acid having the phospho group at the 2-position.		2.4320monophosphoglyceric acid;
tetronic acid derivative
2,3-diphosphoglycerate
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.		4140bisphosphoglyceric acid;
tetronic acid derivative		human metabolite
2-keto-4-methylvalerate
alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.		4.05312-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
branched-chain keto acid		algal metabolite;
human metabolite
protocatechuic acid
protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.		2.4110catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate
5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate: structure given in first source		2.0410
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid
3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid: An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted at C-2 by an amine group and at C-3 by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan.. 3-hydroxyanthranilate : A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid.		2.5220aminobenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-hydroxykynurenine
3-hydroxykynurenine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxykynurenine that is kynurenine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.. hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxy-amino acid that is kynurenine substituted by a single hydroxy group at unspecified position. A "closed" class.		2.3920hydroxykynureninehuman metabolite
acetoacetic acid
acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.		2.42203-oxo fatty acid;
ketone body		metabolite
phosphoserine
Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.		5.22160non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid;
serine derivative		human metabolite
cysteine sulfinic acid
cysteine sulfinic acid: metabolite of sulfur-containing amino acids		2.9540
n-carbamoyl-beta-alanine
N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine : A beta-alanine derivative that is propionic acid bearing a ureido group at position 3.		210beta-alanine derivativemetabolite;
mouse metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		7.58441amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.		2.1110monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.		2.0210monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		7.97404-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		5.72280hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter
phosphoribosyl-n-formylglycineamide
[no description available]		210
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		1.9810ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		9.1150monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.		3.87120aldehydecarcinogenic agent;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
electron acceptor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		1.9910acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		4.67290ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
acetyl phosphate
acetyl dihydrogen phosphate : An acyl monophosphate in which the acyl group specified is acetyl.		2.730acyl monophosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
adenine
[no description available]		8.5912616-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		7.7230guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allantoin
[no description available]		9.6560imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		10.671311azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
anthranilic acid
anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system.		7.420aminobenzoic acidhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arsenic acid
arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.		2.7230arsenic oxoacidEscherichia coli metabolite
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		4.5680acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine
[no description available]		9.11473amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde
[no description available]		2.1110benzaldehydesEC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
fragrance;
odorant receptor agonist;
plant metabolite
benzene
[no description available]		9.26190aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		4.82100benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.4320benzyl alcoholsantioxidant;
fragrance;
metabolite;
solvent
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		6.37390amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
betaine aldehyde
betaine aldehyde : A quaternary ammonium ion that is nitrogen substituted by three methyl groups and a 2-oxoethyl group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of amino acids like glycine, serine and threonine.		2.0410quaternary ammonium ionAspergillus metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate
bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3110aryl phosphate
bromide
Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)		4.16170halide anion;
monoatomic bromine
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		3.2160alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		2.0610fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cadaverine
[no description available]		2.8940alkane-alpha,omega-diamineDaphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		5.96210amino-acid anion
carbamyl phosphate
Carbamyl Phosphate: The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).		8.2360acyl monophosphate;
one-carbon compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ureidosuccinic acid
ureidosuccinic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-carbamoylaspartic acid : An N-carbamoylamino acid that is aspartic acid with one of its amino hydrogens replaced by a carbamoyl group.		1.9610aspartic acid derivative;
C4-dicarboxylic acid;
N-carbamoyl-amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		8.061730carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.		7.65181monocarboxylic acidantibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent
aminooxyacetic acid
Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.		3.4311amino acid;
hydroxylamines;
monocarboxylic acid		anticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
carnitine
[no description available]		3.97130amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
catechol
[no description available]		8.1450catecholsallelochemical;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		13.09431alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
choline
[no description available]		6370cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		8.57273tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		8.251410halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		4.3200chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
coproporphyrinogen iii
[no description available]		2.4120coproporphyrinogenEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		4.2360coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		8.1150monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
octane
Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.		1.9910alkanexenobiotic
phloroglucinol
Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.		1.9410benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		algal metabolite
2,3-diaminopropionic acid
3-aminoalanine : A diamino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an amino group.		2.3920alanine derivative;
amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid;
diamino acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.6730trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphate
nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.		2.9340aryl phosphatemouse metabolite
octanoic acid
octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.		3.3520medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
2-nitropropane
2-nitropropane: RN given refers to cpd with locant for nitro moiety in 2 position. 2-nitropropane : A secondary nitroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a nitro group. Mainly used as a solvent (b.p. 120degreeC).		2.0310secondary nitroalkanecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent;
xenobiotic
hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.		3.2460gas molecular entity;
hydracid;
mononuclear parent hydride;
sulfur hydride		Escherichia coli metabolite;
genotoxin;
metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin;
vasodilator agent
4-aminophenol
4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.		210aminophenolallergen;
metabolite
dihydrolipoic acid
dihydrolipoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. dihydrolipoic acid : A thio-fatty acid that is reduced form of lipoic acid. A potent antioxidant shown to directly destroy superoxide, hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals; also has neuroprotective and anti-tumour effects.. dihydrolipoate : The conjugate base of dihydrolipoic acid.		2.9740thio-fatty acidantioxidant;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		2.7230(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
guaiacol
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.		3.5180guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
hippuric acid
hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.		3.2360N-acylglycinehuman blood serum metabolite;
uremic toxin
2-aminoadipic acid
2-Aminoadipic Acid: A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA).. 2-aminoadipic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine.		440amino dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite;
mammalian metabolite
2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid
2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid derived from L-methionine via the action of methionine transaminase.		1.9510omega-(methylthio)-2-oxocarboxylic acid
methylmalonic acid
Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		3.5790C4-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
gamma-guanidinobutyric acid
gamma-guanidinobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-guanidinobutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted by a guanidino group at position 4.. 4-guanidinobutanoate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-guanidinobutanoic acid.. 4-guanidinobutanoic acid : The 4-guanidino derivative of butanoic acid.		210guanidines;
monocarboxylic acid;
zwitterion		fungal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-methylcitric acid
2-methylcitric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410tricarboxylic acid
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		7.141122-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
phosphoglycolate
phosphoglycolate: RN given refers to parent acid. 2-phosphoglycolic acid : The O-phospho derivative of glycolic acid.		3.150carboxyalkyl phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position.		710amino acid zwitterion;
monocarboxylic acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		ethylene releasers;
plant metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		3.0750monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		3.0850catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		3.0950amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
dibenzofuran
Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.		6.9810dibenzofurans;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		xenobiotic
creatine
[no description available]		5.54230glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
cytosine
[no description available]		5.71270aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alanylalanine
alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		1.9710dipeptide
alanine
[no description available]		2.3920alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion		fundamental metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		9.325812-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
5,6-dihydroorotate
4,5-dihydroorotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. dihydroorotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that results from the base-catalysed cyclisation of N(alpha)-carbethoxyasparagine.		2.3820monocarboxylic acid;
N-acylurea;
pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid;
secondary amide
dihydrouracil
hexahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 5,6-dihydrouracil : A pyrimidine obtained by formal addition of hydrogen across the 5,6-position of uracil.		2.4720pyrimidoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diacetyl
butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.		10.09140alpha-diketoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate: An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.. dihydroxyacetone phosphate : A member of the class of glycerone phosphates that consists of glycerone bearing a single phospho substituent.		2.8840glycerone phosphates;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethylamine
[no description available]		1.9810methylamines;
secondary aliphatic amine		metabolite
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6.		3.5220dimethylbenzimidazoleEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		9.65280sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		4.88360aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formamide
formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.		7.3720carboximidic acid;
formamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		solvent
3-phosphoglycerate
3-phosphoglycerate : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the acidic groups of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.		3.5180monophosphoglyceric acid;
tetronic acid derivative		algal metabolite;
fundamental metabolite
glutaric acid
glutaric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glutaric acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid.		710alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		16.257854alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde
Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.		3.0550aldotriosefundamental metabolite
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		7.91621alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid
[no description available]		2.940glycerol monophosphatealgal metabolite;
human metabolite
glycolaldehyde
[no description available]		2.4420glycolaldehydesfundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
glycolic acid
glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.		2.03102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
primary alcohol		keratolytic drug;
metabolite
glyoxylic acid
glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.		1.97102-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
aldehydic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycocyamine
glycocyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanidinoacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of guanidinoacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. guanidinoacetic acid : The N-amidino derivative of glycine.		2.3820guanidinoacetic acids;
zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom		3.3470hydracid;
one-carbon compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
poison
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		7.92371carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		14.797273aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		10.471591elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.6830benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine
amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.		10.54690hydroxylaminesalgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
nitric oxide donor;
nucleophilic reagent
hydroxymethylbilane
[no description available]		2.0410bilanesEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		8.151850imidazole
indole
[no description available]		2.9440indole;
polycyclic heteroarene		Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid
indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.		2.8640indole-3-acetic acids;
monocarboxylic acid		auxin;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		5.26540diatomic iodinenutrient
itaconic acid
itaconic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.		7.4220dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid;
olefinic compound		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		6.31510hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
kynurenine
Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.		9.19170aromatic ketone;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
substituted aniline		human metabolite
pipecolic acid
pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.		2.0510piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
lipoamide
Lipozyme: lipase from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on anion exchange resin		7.0110dithiolanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		9.56240dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
endolysin
lysine-4,4,5,5-d4 : A deuterated compound that is lysne in which the methylene hydrogens at positions 4, 4, 5 and 5 have been replaced by deuterium.		2.9940alpha-amino acid;
diamino acid;
polar amino acid		Daphnia magna metabolite
malonic acid
malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.		8.150alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
racemethionine
Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers.		3.3340alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
sulfur-containing amino acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methylmercaptan
methylmercaptan: intermediate in the manufacturing of jet fuels, pesticides, fungicides, plastics, synthesis of methionine; odor may cause nausea; narcotic in high concentrations; depresses urea biosynthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.0610alkanethiolhuman metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvaldehyde
Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.		3.8302-oxo aldehyde;
propanals		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		5.66310alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid
Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.		6.81201inositol phosphate
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		10.36190cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		3.5380acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
naphthalene
[no description available]		7.1710naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		11.524431metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		4.49240pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		3.89130pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		8.45461monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid
Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.		3.1110nitrogen oxoacidprotic solvent;
reagent
nitroxyl
nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.		2.4420nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		8.43441monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.		11.78130gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide		analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent
n,n-dimethylaniline
N,N-dimethylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. dimethylaniline : A methylaniline carrying at least two methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylaniline : A tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		2.420dimethylaniline;
tertiary amine
2-succinylbenzoate
o-succinylbenzoic acid: structure		1.9910dicarboxylic acid
hydroxide ion
[no description available]		3.5380oxygen hydridemouse metabolite
hydroxypyruvic acid
hydroxypyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-hydroxypyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate involved in the glycine and serine metabolism.		2.06102-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		4.77100pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxaloacetic acid
Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group.		2.4520C4-dicarboxylic acid;
oxo dicarboxylic acid		geroprotector;
metabolite
oxalic acid
Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.		3.2360alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
oxamic acid
Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.. oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.		2.6830dicarboxylic acid monoamideEscherichia coli metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		3.4980aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.		2.71304-nitrophenolshuman xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triphosphoric acid
triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.1110acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		4.790long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
parathion
[no description available]		2.6530C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol
PENTA: structure given in first source		2.0210aromatic fungicide;
chlorophenol;
organochlorine pesticide;
pentachlorobenzenes		human xenobiotic metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		10.44193phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylpyruvic acid
phenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenylpyruvate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from deprotonation of the carboxy group of either keto- or enol-phenylpyruvic acid.. keto-phenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 3-phenylpropanoic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in the phenylalanine pathway.		2.06102-oxo monocarboxylic acidchromogenic compound;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
phenylacetaldehyde
[no description available]		2.3110alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde;
phenylacetaldehydes		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenethylamine
phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.		2.0110alkaloid;
aralkylamine;
phenylethylamine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.		2.4120phosphoric acidsalgal metabolite;
fertilizer;
human metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate
Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.		4.54250carboxyalkyl phosphate;
monocarboxylic acid		fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine
Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.		4.42210phosphocholinesallergen;
epitope;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphorylethanolamine
phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain.		1.9910phosphoethanolamine;
primary amino compound		algal metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phthalic acid
phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.		210benzenedicarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid
picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.		8.6390pyridinemonocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite;
MALDI matrix material
porphobilinogen
[no description available]		2.730aralkylamino compound;
dicarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diphosphoric acid
diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.		2.8130acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
phosphorus oxoacid		Escherichia coli metabolite
pqq cofactor
PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions.		2.940orthoquinones;
pyrroloquinoline cofactor;
tricarboxylic acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
propylene glycol
Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.		4.9921glycol;
propane-1,2-diols		allergen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.260propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		3.2160saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
pteridines
[no description available]		3.6190azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
pteridines
purine
1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.		5.75290purine
putrescine
[no description available]		5.32180alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
pyrazole
1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.		2.7130pyrazole
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		9.83100azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal
[no description available]		3.83120hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		7.251320methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine
[no description available]		3.3570aminoalkylpyridine;
hydroxymethylpyridine;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
iron chelator;
mouse metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine phosphate
pyridoxamine phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate : A vitamin B6 phosphate that is the phosphoric ester derivative of pyridoxamine.		2.6730aminoalkylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6 phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		5.78221hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		5.431902-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid
Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.		2.4720pyridinedicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
thiosulfates
Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.		3.5790divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion		human metabolite
dithionite
Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.		3.690sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
sarcosine
cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis		5.93140N-alkylglycine zwitterion;
N-alkylglycine;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
glycine transporter 1 inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
selenious acid
Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.		2.6120selenium oxoacid
shikimic acid-3-phosphate
shikimic acid-3-phosphate: RN given refers to (3R-(3alpha,4alpha,5beta))-isomer; structure given in first source		1.9910
sulfites
Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).		4.7300divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
spermidine
[no description available]		4.85110polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
spermine
[no description available]		4.6890polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		3.71100alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid
sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.		2.4120sulfur oxoacidcatalyst
sulfur dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.		4.9921sulfur oxideEscherichia coli metabolite;
food bleaching agent;
refrigerant
tartronate semialdehyde
2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate : The conjugate base of 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		1.99102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
3-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
aldehyde		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
taurine
[no description available]		8.88661amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		6.57390primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		6.25480pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanol
2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethanol: the thiazole portion of thiamine; imparts flavor to cooked meats; RN given is for parent cpd; structure. 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole : A 1,3-thiazole that is thiazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4 and a 2-hydroxyethyl group at position 5.		2.13101,3-thiazoles;
primary alcohol		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		4.09160methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine
trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.		3.4470tertiary amine oxideEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
osmolyte
trimethylamine
[no description available]		8.0950methylamines;
tertiary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
tryptamine
[no description available]		7.6530aminoalkylindole;
aralkylamino compound;
indole alkaloid;
tryptamines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		6.66730pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		5.33180uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		11.752086isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uroporphyrinogen iii
Uroporphyrinogens: Porphyrinogens which are intermediates in heme biosynthesis. They have four acetic acid and four propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Uroporphyrinogen I and III are formed from polypyrryl methane in the presence of uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase and uroporphyrin I synthetase, respectively. They can yield uroporphyrins by autooxidation or coproporphyrinogens by decarboxylation.		2.420uroporphyrinogenEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
vanillin
Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).		2.5420benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
xanthine
7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.		2.9240xanthineSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isocitric acid
isocitric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isocitric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propan-1-ol with a hydrogen at each of the 3 carbon positions replaced by a carboxy group.		3.0950secondary alcohol;
tricarboxylic acid		fundamental metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.		1.9910non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively		210phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tetralins		serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.		2.3920non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist		1.9910
ibotenic acid
Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.		1.9810non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidneurotoxin
vanilmandelic acid
Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.		2.02102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
phenols		human metabolite
mandelic acid
SAMMA: mandelic acid condensation polymer		3.09502-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
benzenes		antibacterial agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite
1,10-phenanthroline
1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases		3.88120phenanthrolineEC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine
DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.		2.3820oxopurineadenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
pk 11195
PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine		7.3820aromatic amide;
isoquinolines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		7.08630aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.		1.9710methylpyridines;
phenylpyridine;
tetrahydropyridine		neurotoxin
1-methylimidazole
1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.		3.5180imidazoles
edelfosine
edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.		2.0110glycerophosphocholine
2,2'-dipyridyl
2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.		5.04130bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.		2.3820chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
trichlorobenzene		defoliant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		2.7230chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		2.3720dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: mutagen from fried ground beef; structure given in first source. PhIP : An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, amino, and phenyl groups, respectively. It is the most abundant of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines found in cooked meat and fish.		2.4220imidazopyridine;
primary amino compound		carcinogenic agent;
mutagen
2-(n-heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline n-oxide
2-(n-heptyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide: structure. 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide : An inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain at cytochrome bc1 and of photosynthetic electron flow immediately before cytochrome b559.		2.4220monohydroxyquinoline
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		10.3560alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor.		1.9910isocoumarins;
organochlorine compound		geroprotector;
serine protease inhibitor
amitrole
Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.		4.11160aromatic amine;
triazoles		carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor;
herbicide
aminopropionitrile
Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.		1.9410aminopropionitrileantineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
collagen cross-linking inhibitor;
plant metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		1.9510ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
3-nitropropionic acid
3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.		2.0510C-nitro compoundantimycobacterial drug;
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
mycotoxin;
neurotoxin
3-nitrosobenzamide
[no description available]		1.9810
ro 5-4864
4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor		2.6630
4-aminobenzamidine
4-aminobenzamidine: a urokinase inhibitor; inhibits acrosin; structure given in first source		1.9810
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		2.4120aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.		2.940chlorine molecular entity;
mercuribenzoic acid
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		3.2560guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-nonylphenol
4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol. 4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.		210phenolsenvironmental contaminant
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.		2.91401-pyrroline nitronesneuroprotective agent;
spin trapping reagent
phenytoin
[no description available]		5.1790imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid: potent antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated glycine binding site		1.9910quinolines
ethylisopropylamiloride
ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.		1.9810aromatic amine;
guanidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
neuroprotective agent;
sodium channel blocker
5-hydroxydecanoate
5-hydroxydecanoic acid: Potassium Channel Blocker; RN refers to parent cpd		2.110medium-chain fatty acid
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		8.5790indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-nitroso-1,2-benzopyrone
[no description available]		1.9810
7-chlorokynurenic acid
7-chlorokynurenic acid: selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; structure given in first source. 7-chlorokynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid.		1.9810organochlorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
oxyquinoline
Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.		2.9140monohydroxyquinolineantibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug;
iron chelator
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.0310acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator		2.9240monoazo compound
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		9.1631acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		5.18190monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.1710acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
n-acetylphenylalanine
N-acetylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetylphenylalanine : The N-acetyl derivative of phenylalanine.		1.9710N-acetyl-amino acid;
phenylalanine derivative		antidepressant;
metabolite
n-acetyltryptophan
N-acetyltryptophan : An N-acetylamino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of tryptophan.		2.6730N-acetyl-amino acid;
tryptophan derivative		metabolite
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea
beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.		1.9510
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure		2.0510
aluminum fluoride
[no description available]		2.730aluminium coordination entity
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		9.7190adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		2.1310aromatic amine
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		1.9710diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		1.9310guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		2.6630N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		3.75110dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		1.9510carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		2.8220dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		2.6530barbiturates
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.8640aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		1.9710anthracenesantipsoriatic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		2.4420pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version		2.0110
aristolochic acid i
aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.		2.0210aristolochic acids;
aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
cyclic acetal;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mutagen;
nephrotoxin;
toxin
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		6.05230benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		2.1710benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		2.8430ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
atrazine
[no description available]		2.9340chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
diamino-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
aurintricarboxylic acid
Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.		1.9510monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid		fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		1.9610aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azobenzene
azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.		2.110azobenzenes
aztreonam
Aztreonam: A monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic originally isolated from Chromobacterium violaceum. It is resistant to beta-lactamases and is used in gram-negative infections, especially of the meninges, bladder, and kidneys. It may cause a superinfection with gram-positive organisms.. aztreonam : A synthetic monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic (monobactam), used primarily to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits mucopeptide synthesis in the bacterial cell wall, thereby blocking peptidoglycan crosslinking.		1.9910
baclofen
[no description available]		2.420amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
barbital
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).		2.0310barbituratesdrug allergen
benserazide
Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		2.8640carbohydrazide;
catechols;
primary alcohol;
primary amino compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamidine
benzamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzamidine : A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group.		2.4420benzenes;
carboxamidine		serine protease inhibitor
benzethonium
Benzethonium: Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.		2.0510alkylbenzene
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.		2.9240ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		1.9310benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		5.4741benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
berberine
[no description available]		2.0710alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
5-methoxypsoralen
5-Methoxypsoralen: A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS.. 5-methoxypsoralen : A 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.		2105-methoxyfurocoumarin;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
psoralens		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
beta-naphthoflavone
beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.		2.1710extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
propiolactone
Propiolactone: Disinfectant used in vapor form to sterilize vaccines, grafts, etc. The vapor is very irritating and the liquid form is carcinogenic.		1.9510propan-3-olide
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		2.2110(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bumetanide
[no description available]		310amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
cacodylic acid
dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.		2.420organoarsenic compoundxenobiotic metabolite
caffeine
[no description available]		5.59140purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		3.0850aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
camphor, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		3.9840bornane monoterpenoid;
cyclic monoterpene ketone		plant metabolite
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		8.8530dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carcinine
carcinine: structure. carcinine : A beta-alanine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of beta-alanine with the primary amino group of histamine.		3.3870beta-alanine derivative;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound		antioxidant;
crustacean metabolite
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.		2.940hydrazone;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
ionophore
celecoxib
[no description available]		2.2110organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cefixime
Cefixime: A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.. cefixime : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections.		2.0310
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		2.5320ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.		3.3460quaternary ammonium ion
cetylpyridinium
Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.		2.0610pyridinium ion
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		5.03130aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.0310monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		4.01140monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		4.43230organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		4.38210aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
eucalyptol
[no description available]		2.0510
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		8.1150aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
platinum tetrachloride
platinum chloride: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF; structure in first source: K2PtCl; see also platinum tetrachloride. platinum dichloride : A platinum coordination entity consisting of platinum(II) bound to two chlorine atoms.		1.9910platinum coordination entitycatalyst;
reagent
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		2.02102-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.4420monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clobenpropit
clobenpropit: histamine H3 receptor antagonist. clobenpropit : An imidothiocarbamic ester that consists of isothiourea bearing S-3-(imidazol-4-yl)propyl and N-4-chlorobenzyl substituents. An extremely potent histamine H3 antagonist/inverse agonist (pA2 = 9.93). Also displays partial agonist activity at H4 receptors; induces eosinophil shape change with an EC50 of 3 nM.		7.9440imidazoles;
imidothiocarbamic ester;
organochlorine compound		H3-receptor antagonist;
H4-receptor agonist
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		2.8940aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		1.99101,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.3920clonidine;
imidazoline
phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide
phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide: cyclic somatostatin octapeptide analog with high affinity & selectivity toward mu opioid receptors		210
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		2.420non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		1.9710piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cystamine
[no description available]		2.6630organic disulfide;
primary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
dapi
DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.4420indolesfluorochrome
debrisoquin
Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.		2.0210carboxamidine;
isoquinolines		adrenergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
human metabolite;
sympatholytic agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		9.3190acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		8.2160primary amine
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		12.711911,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		3.1150benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene
dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.		2.0310dibenzothiophenes;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent		keratolytic drug
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		8.1450amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
diethyl pyrocarbonate
Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.		9.115030acyclic carboxylic anhydride
diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.		2.3920N-carbamoylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		3.71100pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
dimaprit
Dimaprit: A histamine H2 receptor agonist that is often used to study the activity of histamine and its receptors.		2.6730imidothiocarbamic ester
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		2.3520dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
dimethyl pyrocarbonate
[no description available]		1.9710organooxygen compound
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		3.92130ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
benzophenone
benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.		210benzophenonesphotosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		210piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
stallimycin
[no description available]		1.9810
disulfiram
[no description available]		2.6530organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
disulfoton
Disulfoton: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. disulfoton : An organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorodithioate.		210organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
diuron
Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.69303-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
dichlorobenzene		environmental contaminant;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
photosystem-II inhibitor;
urea herbicide;
xenobiotic
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		1.9510branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		2.0310aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		1.9710dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
dup 697
DuP 697: structure given in first source		1.9910thiophenes
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		2.0710dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
ellipticine
ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.		7.7430indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
polycyclic heteroarene		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		2.0710trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		2.05101,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		5.86310
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		2.6730aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		6.9210ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
ethylenediamine
ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.		2.4420alkane-alpha,omega-diamineGABA agonist
famotidine
Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.		2.66301,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.		1.9810aromatic ether;
hydrazone;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound		ATP synthase inhibitor;
geroprotector;
ionophore
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		2.420carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		2.9340anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		3.7730aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		1.9410aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		3.150ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		7.9401,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		3.4780nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		4.5551(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		2.4320fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		3.630chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		710gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		2.6630
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.		2.7230dihydroxybenzoic acidEC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
MALDI matrix material;
mouse metabolite
glutaral
Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.		3.94130dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		2.4320monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
glyphosate
glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).		2.9140glycine derivative;
phosphonic acid		agrochemical;
EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
herbicide
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		6.9810
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		4.0731methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		2.3520azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		11.64680carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		3.580aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		1.9510haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
hexahydrosiladifenidol
[no description available]		210
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.610barbiturates
tele-methylhistamine
tele-methylhistamine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist. N(tele)-methylhistamine : A primary amino compound that is the N(tele)-methyl derivative of histamine.		3.2460imidazoles;
primary amino compound		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha-methylhistamine
alpha-methylhistamine: a histamine H3 receptor agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.		2.9240aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		animal metabolite;
H3-receptor agonist
homarine
homarine: structure		1.9310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
ethidium
Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.		3.0950phenanthridinesfluorochrome;
intercalator
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		2.3620thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		2.0210benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		2.3720aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		3.690one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hypericin
[no description available]		2.4220
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		4.6761monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		1.9510primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		4.1950benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
ifenprodil
ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist		2.7130piperidines
ifosfamide
[no description available]		1.9510ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imetit
imetit: structure given in first source. imetit : An imidothiocarbamic ester that consists of isothiourea in which the thiol hydrogen is substituted by a 2-(imidazol-4-yl)ethyl group. An extremely potent, high affinity agonist at H3 and H4 receptors (Ki values are 0.3 and 2.7 nM respectively). Induces shape change in eosinophils with an EC50 of 25 nM. Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.0810imidazoles;
imidothiocarbamic ester		H3-receptor agonist;
H4-receptor agonist
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		3.4720dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		4.77100aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iodoacetamide
[no description available]		10.78290
indolepropionic acid
indolepropionic acid: structure in third source. 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid : An indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 3.		1.9710indol-3-yl carboxylic acidauxin;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
iproniazid
[no description available]		2.3420carbohydrazide;
pyridines
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		3.25603-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		1.9510benzenes
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		4.9721organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		9.9691carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.940secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		3.85120catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		2.1310alkylbenzene
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		4.6111cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		1.9810aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		6.9710dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		8.1450benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		2.0310amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		1.9910furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
kinetin
Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.		1.97106-aminopurines;
furans		cytokinin;
geroprotector
kojic acid
[no description available]		2.08104-pyranones;
enol;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
skin lightening agent
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		2.8740monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.		1.9810alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
phosphonic acids		human metabolite;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
2-phenylglycine
2-phenylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. alpha-phenylglycine : An amino acid with a structure in which a phenyl ring is bonded to the alpha-carbon of glycine.		210non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidhuman metabolite
beta-lapachone
beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.		2.2510benzochromenone;
orthoquinones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
lauric acid
dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.		2.2510medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		2.520fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		210biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.7430chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.		1.9810aminoquinoline;
aromatic amine;
p-quinones;
quinolone		antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
edaravone
[no description available]		2.0310pyrazoloneantioxidant;
radical scavenger
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		2.3520primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		2.8740nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.0410aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
memantine
[no description available]		4.6111adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.13101,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		2.3920ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		210imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mescaline
Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.		3.7430methoxybenzenes;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
primary amino compound		hallucinogen
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		2.0410guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methacrylic acid
methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.		2.4920alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		4.6111benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methamidophos
methamidophos: structure. methamidophos : An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.		2.0310organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phosphoramide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		1.9910ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		3.9840aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxychlor
Methoxychlor: An insecticide. Methoxychlor has estrogenic effects in mammals, among other effects.		1.9610organochlorine insecticide
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		1.9510ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
nocodazole
[no description available]		1.9910aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
methyl parathion
Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.		2.0710C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
genotoxin
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		4.6111benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
methyl methanesulfonate
[no description available]		4.22180methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		3.0950aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		2.6630C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		3.7721aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		2.4820imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
milrinone
[no description available]		1.9910bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		2.0310dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
molsidomine
Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.		2.420ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
monodansylcadaverine
monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.		1.9710aminonaphthalene;
primary amino compound;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
protective agent
muscimol
Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.		2.6630alkaloid;
isoxazoles;
primary amino compound		fungal metabolite;
GABA agonist;
oneirogen;
psychotropic drug
n-bromoacetamide
[no description available]		2.6730
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		6.5610maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
apnea
Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		2.0110purine nucleoside
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		2.4220methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		5.291311,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
activins
Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.		2.0310
naphazoline
Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.		1.9510naphthalenes
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.3520quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
netropsin
Netropsin: A basic polypeptide isolated from Streptomyces netropsis. It is cytotoxic and its strong, specific binding to A-T areas of DNA is useful to genetics research.		2.0210
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.4720cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		2.4420C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		2.0710aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		7.17102-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nisoxetine
nisoxetine: potent inhibitor for norepinephrine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes & brain; NM refers to (+-)-isomer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nisoxetine : A secondary amino compound that is N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine substituted at position 3 by a 2-methoxyphenoxy group.		2.5720aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		1.9910C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		4.4480nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		3.821fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		1.9510organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide
N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.		1.9910aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
o(6)-benzylguanine
O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity		210
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		1.98103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		1.9810aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		3.0950benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
oxotremorine
Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.		2.3620N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		2.0310aromatic ether
oxybenzone
oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.		210hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene		dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		1.9610phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		4.231701,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclonine
Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.		3.7430phenylalanine derivative
p-fluorophenylalanine
p-Fluorophenylalanine: 3-(p-Fluorophenyl)-alanine.. 4-fluorophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group.		1.9510fluoroamino acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine derivative
4-nitrophenylacetic acid
4-nitrophenylacetic acid: don't confuse with 4-Nitrophenyl acetate, which is the ester of phenol and acetic acid. (4-nitrophenyl)acetic acid : A member of the class of phenylacetic acids that is phenylacetic acid in which the phenyl grup is substituted at the para- position by a nitro group.		210C-nitro compound;
phenylacetic acids
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		2.3720benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		3.5690aromatic amine
patulin
Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.		710furopyran;
gamma-lactone;
lactol		antimicrobial agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		2.0210aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		3.0650barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		1.9810oxopurine
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		1.9510N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		3.0410acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenindione
Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)		2.0610aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		anticoagulant
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		3.9850barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		3.3370aromatic amine
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		2.0710monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
oxophenylarsine
oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.		1.9810arsine oxidesantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		4.1450pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.		3.77110acyl fluorideserine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin
[no description available]		1.9910dihydrochalconesantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
phosphoglycolohydroxamate
phosphoglycolohydroxamate: inhibits DHAP (dihydroxyacetone phosphate)-converting enzymes; structure. phosphoglycolohydroxamic acid : The hydroxamate of phosphoglycolic acid.		2.6830amidoalkyl phosphate;
hydroxamic acid		EC 5.3.1.1 (triose-phosphate isomerase) inhibitor
o-phthalaldehyde
o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.		4.28190benzaldehydes;
dialdehyde		epitope
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		3.7921indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		2.0610aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
piperazine
[no description available]		2.0610azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		210pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		16.03994inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
potassium iodide
Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.		3.3370potassium saltexpectorant;
radical scavenger
ag 1879
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: Fyn kinase inhibitor		2.0310aromatic amine;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazolopyrimidine		beta-adrenergic antagonist;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.		2.4120arenesulfonic acid;
azobenzenes;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
organic phosphate;
pyridinecarbaldehyde		purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		1.9410pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
proadifen
Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.		2.6530diarylmethane
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		2.8840benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		10.14503benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		7.8840phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		1.9710xanthenes
propidium
Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.		2.0110phenanthridines;
quaternary ammonium ion		fluorochrome;
intercalator
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		8.77110naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix
protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.		3.89120
psilocin
psilocin: psilocybine minus the phosphate ester; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. psilocin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 4. A hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated in trace amounts from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").		2.0110hydroxyindoles;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tryptamine alkaloid		drug metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
hallucinogen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
serotonergic agonist
pyrilamine
Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.		5.93250aromatic ether;
ethylenediamine derivative		H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		3.5990aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone
1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone: structure in first source. quinalizarin : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone having the four hydroxy groups at the 1-, 2-, 5- and 8-positions.		2.0710tetrahydroxyanthraquinoneEC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
resorcinol
resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.		2.4220benzenediol;
phenolic donor;
resorcinols		erythropoietin inhibitor;
sensitiser
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		2.110alkylamine
ro 15-4513
Ro 15-4513: a partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptors		3.0850organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
rolipram
[no description available]		210pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ronidazole
Ronidazole: Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent used mainly in veterinary practice.. ronidazole : A carbamate ester that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by methyl and (carbamoyloxy)methyl groups, respectively. An antiprotozoal agent, it is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of histomoniasis and swine dysentery.		1.9510C-nitro compound;
carbamate ester;
imidazoles		antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
safrole
Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.		2.4120benzodioxolesflavouring agent;
insecticide;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylamide
salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source		2.0310phenols;
salicylamides		antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic
sebacic acid
sebacic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.		1.9910alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbamylhydrazine
carbamylhydrazine: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9310carbohydrazide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound;
ureas
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		6.9310pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
linsidomine
linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.420morpholines
sk&f 86002
6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-(4-pyridinyl)imidazo(2,1-b)thiazole: inhibits p38 MAP kinase		1.9910imidazoles
sodium fluoride
[no description available]		2.6830fluoride saltmutagen
sodium iodide
Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.		7.110inorganic sodium salt;
iodide salt
iodoacetic acid
Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.		3.92130haloacetic acid;
organoiodine compound		alkylating agent
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		1.9810aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
stearic acid
octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.		2.6930long-chain fatty acid;
saturated fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
streptonigrin
[no description available]		1.9910pyridines;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		2.0110quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		1.9410pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		2.3520isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		1.9210substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfobromophthalein
Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.		2.35202-benzofurans;
organobromine compound;
organosulfonic acid;
phenols		dye
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.4220naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		2.9140quaternary ammonium ion
krypton
Krypton: A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs.		1.9410monoatomic krypton;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		1.9410phthalimides;
piperidones
theobromine
Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.		1.9510dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
bronchodilator agent;
food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		2.01101,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
2,4-thiazolidinedione
thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.		2.0510thiazolidenedione
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		1.9610aziridines
thiram
Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.		1.9310organic disulfideantibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
tiaprofenic acid
tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.		1.9810aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		drug allergen;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolazoline
Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.		1.9510imidazolesalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		2.6830N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
n,n,n',n'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine
N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine: a zinc ion chelating agent; structure given in first source. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is ethylenediamine in which the four amino hydrogens are replaced by 2-pyridylmethyl groups.		2.4320N-substituted diamine;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		apoptosis inducer;
chelator;
copper chelator
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		1.9610amino acid
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		3.3811monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
tremorine
[no description available]		2.6430N-alkylpyrrolidine
bromoform
bromoform: structure		1.9710bromohydrocarbon;
bromomethanes
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0810
trientine
Trientine: An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.. TETA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a fouteen-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.. 2,2,2-tetramine : A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens.		1.9610polyazaalkane;
tetramine		copper chelator
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		2.6630N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		7.610organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trigonelline
trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.		1.9310alkaloid;
iminium betaine		food component;
human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		1.9510oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		3.2160aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tripelennamine
Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.		2.3520aromatic amine
tyramine
[no description available]		9.21180monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.420aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
urethane
[no description available]		1.9510carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
vesamicol
vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.730piperidines
2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2h-tetrazolium hydroxide
2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide: structure given in first source		2.0210
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.		2.730aromatic primary alcohol;
furans;
indazoles		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
zinc chloride
zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.		4.41210inorganic chloride;
zinc molecular entity		astringent;
disinfectant;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
Lewis acid
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		7.0310imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		210monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		3.4880mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
corticosterone
[no description available]		4.116011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		4.679011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.372016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.		3.9540ergoline alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		dopamine agonist;
hallucinogen;
serotonergic agonist
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		4.72310alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.260imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		4.661glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
alloxan
Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.		2.6330pyrimidonehyperglycemic agent;
metabolite
thymidine
[no description available]		8.92701pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		2.8740nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		1.9810benzodioxolespesticide synergist
benzimidazole
1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.		3.4470benzimidazole;
polycyclic heteroarene
triethylenemelamine
Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.		1.94101,3,5-triazinesalkylating agent;
insect sterilant
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		7.6830nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
dichloroisoproterenol
dichloroisoproterenol: was heading 1968-94; was DICHLORISOPROTERENOL 1963-76; DCI was see DICHLOROISOPROTERENOL 1975-94; use ISOPROTERENOL to search DICHLOROISOPROTERENOL 1968-94 & DICHLORISOPROTERENOL 1966-67		1.9410
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		8.543804-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		4.442302-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		2.35201-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		8.4680ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
cyclobarbital
cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative		2.0310barbiturates
aldosterone
[no description available]		2.392011beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		7.1161non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
cysteine
[no description available]		2.8940cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		3.337011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		8.347017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		2.011017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hydroxyacetylaminofluorene
Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene: A N-hydroxylated derivative of 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE that has demonstrated carcinogenic action.		1.98102-acetamidofluorenes
2-acetylaminofluorene
2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.		2.36202-acetamidofluorenesantimitotic;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope;
mutagen
adrenochrome
Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.		2.0610indoles
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		4.92120penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		3.0650pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		8.76110organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		4.642802-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.		2.6530nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride
(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.		210
isoflurophate
Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.		5.99370dialkyl phosphate
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		3.1450chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
cantharidin
Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.		210cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
monoterpenoid		EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
herbicide
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		14.928413alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		16.197272L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide
4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.		2.6630C-nitro compound;
quinoline N-oxide		carcinogenic agent
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		11.95590C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		15.369781aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		14.614463amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		17.591,4126aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides
Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.		12.741290pseudohalide anionEC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		3.4680carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sulfamic acid
sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.		1.9310sulfamic acids
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		7.01600glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		1.941017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		1.9910bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		1.9910ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		2.8940aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		3.7730pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
puromycin aminonucleoside
3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine: structure in first source. 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine : Puromycin derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring.		1.96103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		6.92920adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.		2.730tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
uridine
[no description available]		6.5620uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
uridine monophosphate
Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.		4.95120pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate
Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.		4.3760pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		3.0550kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		1.9510pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		7.45680D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		3.3870monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		2.3520phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		6.09390amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		7.511690ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tributyrin
tributyrin: structure. tributyrin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.		2.4820butyrate ester;
triglyceride		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
protective agent
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)		3.0650azobenzenes
phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		2.4620benzenes;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
fragrance;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		17.581,4212amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		3.3770amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
phlorhizin
[no description available]		8.260aryl beta-D-glucoside;
dihydrochalcones;
monosaccharide derivative		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
methoxamine
Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .		2.3520amphetaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		6.59670adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.6530penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
n,n-dimethyltryptamine
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: An N-methylated indoleamine derivative and serotonergic hallucinogen which occurs naturally and ubiquitously in several plant species including Psychotria veridis. It also occurs in trace amounts in mammalian brain, blood, and urine, and is known to act as an agonist or antagonist of certain SEROTONIN RECEPTORS.. N,N-dimethyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain.		1.9510tryptamine alkaloid;
tryptamines
3-hydroxy-2-oxoindole
3-hydroxyindolin-2-one: structure in first source. 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one : An oxindole that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.		2.0310hydroxyindoles;
oxindoles
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		5.33580organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		15.737674amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berlition
berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.		2.0810dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
lipoic acid;
thia fatty acid		cofactor;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group
ethyl methanesulfonate
Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.		3.3470methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
methacholine chloride
Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)		210quaternary ammonium salt
aniline
[no description available]		7.3520anilines;
primary arylamine
2-aminoisobutyric acid
2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays.		3.08502,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion;
2,2-dialkylglycine
dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.		1.9510nitrosaminegeroprotector;
mutagen
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		2.733017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cytidine monophosphate
Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.9140cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cytidine diphosphate
Cytidine Diphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate.		2.0310cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate
Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.9140pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		6.29490lactose
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		16.088982aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.		2.4120
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		17.18436amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diethyl sulfate
diethyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. diethyl sulfate : The diethyl ester of sulfuric acid.		1.9710alkyl sulfatealkylating agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		2.382020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		3.4880alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
cytidine
[no description available]		9.5961cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		3.580cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		10.27540antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		4.12160diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.6830chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
gliotoxin
Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.		2.1310dipeptide;
organic disulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
pyrazinoindole		antifungal agent;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
proteasome inhibitor
sodium citrate, anhydrous
Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.		2.0310organic sodium saltanticoagulant;
flavouring agent
bromoacetate
[no description available]		3.4780carboxylic acid;
organohalogen compound
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		3.2160formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		3.05504-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
triaziquone
Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.		1.95101,4-benzoquinones;
aziridines		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.		2.031017alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
progestin
chlorisondamine
Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.		1.9410isoindoles
tubercidin
Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.		210antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		3.4780beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		16.9127519mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		2.3820beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid
Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.		4.89360nitrobenzoic acid;
organic disulfide		indicator
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		10.981511non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene
Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.		3.66100C-nitro compound;
organofluorine compound		agrochemical;
allergen;
chromatographic reagent;
EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor;
protein-sequencing agent;
spectrophotometric reagent
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		13.243581amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-azauracil
5-azauracil: structure given in first source		2.0310
n-pentanol
n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.		3.1150pentanol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		2.392020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		14.965103L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		15.184803amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.6103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		16.481,1712erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		13.153481aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		18.921,6685arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
ethane
Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.		2.7930alkane;
gas molecular entity		plant metabolite;
refrigerant
ethylene
Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges		7.24121alkene;
gas molecular entity		plant hormone;
refrigerant
acetylene
[no description available]		2.7130alkyne;
gas molecular entity;
terminal acetylenic compound
methyl chloride
Methyl Chloride: A hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It has been used as an aerosal propellent, as a refrigerant and as a local anesthetic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p1403). chlorocarbon : Compounds consisting wholly of chlorine and carbon.. chloromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a chloro group.		1.9410chloromethanes;
methyl halides		marine metabolite;
mutagen;
refrigerant
methylamine
methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.		7.9140methylamines;
one-carbon compound;
primary aliphatic amine		mouse metabolite
boranes
Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.		2.3820boranes;
mononuclear parent hydride
propane
Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.		2.9140alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant
ethylamine
ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		1.9810primary aliphatic aminehuman metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		8.2960aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
ethanethiol
ethanethiol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ethanethiol : An alkanethiol that is ethane substituted by a thiol group at position 1. It is added to odorless gaseous products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to provide a garlic scent which helps warn of gas leaks.		2.0110alkanethiolrodenticide
methylene chloride
Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.		2.420chloromethanes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
polar aprotic solvent;
refrigerant
carbon disulfide
Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.		2.3320one-carbon compound;
organosulfur compound
cyclopropane
cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.		4.5640cycloalkane;
cyclopropanes		inhalation anaesthetic
ethylene oxide
Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.		3.4580gas molecular entity;
oxacycle;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		allergen;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
2-propylamine
2-propylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110alkylamines;
primary aliphatic amine
nitromethane
nitromethane: structure. nitromethane : A primary nitroalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replace by a nitro group. A polar solvent (b.p. 101 degreeC), it is an important starting material in organic synthesis. It is also used as a fuel for rockets and radio-controlled models.		2.3720primary nitroalkane;
volatile organic compound		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
explosive;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
propylene oxide
propylene oxide: structure. 1,2-epoxypropane : An epoxide that is oxirane substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		7.3620epoxide
tetramethylammonium
tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.		2.3110quaternary ammonium ion
tert-butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		2.3720tertiary alcoholhuman xenobiotic metabolite
acetone cyanohydrin
acetone cyanohydrin: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure		1.9910cyanohydrin
trifluoroethanol
Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.		3.5280fluoroalcohol
tert-butylhydroperoxide
tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.		8.87120alkyl hydroperoxideantibacterial agent;
oxidising agent
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		3.66100monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid
Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.		7.9240fluoroalkanoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
reagent
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		2.42011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
trityl chloride
[no description available]		210
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		2.6330benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
butobarbital
butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)		2.0310barbiturates
divinyl sulfone
divinyl sulfone: cross-linking reagent for agarose gels. divinyl sulfone : A sulfone compound having two S-vinyl substituents.		2.4720sulfonecross-linking reagent
dimethyl sulfate
dimethyl sulfate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. dimethyl sulfate : The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid.		2.4420alkyl sulfatealkylating agent;
immunosuppressive agent
tabun
tabun: proposed as military nerve gas and exptl cholinesterase inhibitor; extremely poisonous; structure		7.4720
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		4.74310primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
quinic acid
(-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid.		3.4520
3-mercaptopropionic acid
3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions.. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid : A mercaptopropanoic acid that is propanoic acid carrying a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.6830mercaptopropanoic acidalgal metabolite
triparanol
Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.		1.9510stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
isoprene
isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.		2.3820alkadiene;
hemiterpene;
volatile organic compound		plant metabolite
methylethyl ketone
methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2.		2.3720butanone;
dialkyl ketone;
methyl ketone;
volatile organic compound		bacterial metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		2.110chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
propionamide
[no description available]		1.9810monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary fatty amide
acrylamide
[no description available]		3.3160acrylamides;
N-acylammonia;
primary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
Maillard reaction product;
mutagen;
neurotoxin
chloroacetamide
[no description available]		2.7530
acrylic acid
acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.		2.7330alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acidmetabolite
n-methylacetamide
N-methylacetamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-methylacetamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the N-methyl derivative of acetamide.		2.0210acetamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		metabolite
peracetic acid
Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.		7.0610a peroxy aciddisinfectant;
oxidising agent
nitroethane
nitroethane : A nitroalkane that is ethane substituted by a nitro group.		7.0410primary nitroalkane
pempidine
Pempidine: A nicotinic antagonist most commonly used as an experimental tool. It has been used as a ganglionic blocker in the treatment of hypertension but has largely been supplanted for that purpose by more specific drugs.		2.0510piperidines
pantothenic acid
Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.		4.4470pantothenic acid;
vitamin B5		antidote to curare poisoning;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		2.4620bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
cumene hydroperoxide
cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.		3.690peroxolenvironmental contaminant;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
oxidising agent
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		1.941012-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		3.1150amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
rhodamine b
rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.		2.0110organic chloride salt;
xanthene dye		fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome;
histological dye
diphenadione
diphenadione: major descriptor (66-86); on-line search PHENINDIONE (66-74); PHENINDIONE/AA (75-86); INDEX MEDICUS search DIPHENADIONE (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0610beta-triketone;
diarylmethane
pyridoxic acid
Pyridoxic Acid: The catabolic product of most of VITAMIN B 6; (PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; and PYRIDOXAMINE) which is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxic acid : A methylpyridine that is 2-methylpyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at C-3, a carboxy group at C-4, and a hydroxymethyl group at C-5. It is the catabolic product of vitamin B6 and is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxate : A pyridoxate that is the conjugate base of 4-pyridoxic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.0410hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite
skatole
[no description available]		2.4420methylindolehuman metabolite;
mammalian metabolite
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		2.35206-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
lawsone
lawsone: a molluscacide from leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. topical sunscreening agent; structure; powdered leaves of Lawsonia inermis(Lythraceae) used as brown hair dye. lawsone : 1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2. It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis.		2.0310
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		2.8740organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
fluorene
[no description available]		7.0810ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		2.0310glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid
Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.		3.0510penicillanic acids
xylitol
xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.		2.4420
2,4,6-trichlorophenol
[no description available]		2.4620trichlorophenolcarcinogenic agent
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		3.4170pyrrolidin-2-ones
thymol
Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.		2.3720monoterpenoid;
phenols		volatile oil component
salicylaldehyde
o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source		2.0310hydroxybenzaldehydenematicide;
plant metabolite
aminacrine
Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.		2.3720aminoacridines;
primary amino compound		acid-base indicator;
antiinfective agent;
antiseptic drug;
fluorescent dye;
MALDI matrix material;
mutagen
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.		2.5820aldono-1,5-lactone;
gluconolactone		animal metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		7.110phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		5.4241mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
isatin
tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;		2.0310indoledioneEC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
2-naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.		2.0310naphthylaminecarcinogenic agent
tolonium chloride
Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.		1.9510
6-methylcoumarin
6-methylcoumarin: synthetic fragrance causing contact photoallergy. 6-methylcoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a methyl group.		210coumarinsallergen;
fragrance
diphenyl
diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure		2.610aromatic fungicide;
benzenes;
biphenyls		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative
proflavine
Proflavine: Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.. 3,6-diaminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.		1.9510aminoacridinesantibacterial agent;
antiseptic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
chromophore;
intercalator
4-biphenylamine
4-biphenylamine: used in detection of sulfates, & as a carcinogen in cancer research; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-4-amine : An aminobiphenyl that is biphenyl substituted by an amino group at position 4.		2.0110aminobiphenylcarcinogenic agent
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		3.3770xanthene
benzidine
benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.		1.9810biphenyls;
substituted aniline		carcinogenic agent
methyleugenol
methyleugenol: structure		1.9710phenylpropanoid
hydratropic aldehyde
2-phenylpropanal : A member of the class of phenylacetaldehydes that is phenylacetaldehyde in which a hydrogen alpha to the aldehyde carbonyl group has been replaced by a methyl group. The major species at pH 7.3.		2.0110phenylacetaldehydes
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		2.3820benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
nicotinic acid benzyl ester
nicotinic acid benzyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6344. benzyl nicotinate : A benzyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of nicotinic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been used as a rubefacient.		2.0310benzyl estervasodilator agent
benzotriazole
benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid. benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.		2.0310benzotriazolesenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
2-chlorophenol
chlorophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms.		2.1102-halophenol;
monochlorophenol
3,4-dimethylphenol
3,4-dimethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 4.		2.0310phenols
styrene oxide
styrene oxide: structure. styrene oxide : An epoxide that is oxirane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group.		7.9340epoxidehuman xenobiotic metabolite
4-butyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		3.5680butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin
n-methylpyrrole
[no description available]		1.9810pyrroles
soman
Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.		2.3820phosphonic ester
lactobionic acid
[no description available]		3.94130disaccharideantioxidant
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.. 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate : A ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate : A derivative of alpha-D-ribose having a phosphate group at the 5-position and a diphosphate at the 1-position.		3.671005-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
ethyl lactate
ethyl lactate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate : The ethyl ester obtained of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.		2.4110ethyl ester;
lactate ester;
secondary alcohol		metabolite
ethylene dimethacrylate
ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.0110enoate esterallergen;
cross-linking reagent;
polymerisation monomer
furaldehyde
Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.		2.9830aldehyde;
furans		Maillard reaction product;
metabolite
benzenesulfonic acid
benzenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzenesulfonic acid : The simplest member of the class of a benzenesulfonic acids that consists of a benzene carrying a single sulfo group.		7.420benzenesulfonic acids
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.		5.992105-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite
acetophenone
acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.		2.7130acetophenonesanimal metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
nitrobenzene
nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.		7.3720nitroarene;
nitrobenzenes
trehalose
alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.		5.0491trehaloseEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sym-trinitrobenzene
Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.		1.9510trinitrobenzeneexplosive
4-bromophenacyl bromide
4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure		3.84120
4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde
p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde: structure in first source. 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde carrying a dimethylamino substituent at position 4. Used as an indicator for detection of indoles and hydrazine.		210benzaldehydes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		chromogenic compound
terephthalic acid
terephthalic acid: RN given refers to 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid. terephthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and isophthalic acids.		2.4220benzenedicarboxylic acid
styrene
Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.		3.0950styrenes;
vinylarene;
volatile organic compound		mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite
phenylhydrazine
[no description available]		1.9410phenylhydrazinesxenobiotic
anisole
anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.		2.0310monomethoxybenzeneplant metabolite
methylphenylsulfide
thioanisole : An aryl sulfide that is thiophenol in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.9140aryl sulfide;
benzenes
quinuclidines
Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.		1.9810quinuclidines;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane : An aromatic amine that is diphenylmethane substituted at the 4-position of each benzene ring by an amino group.		1.9610aromatic amineallergen;
carcinogenic agent
triethanolamine
triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.		1.9810amino alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
triol		buffer;
surfactant
boric acid
[no description available]		2.730boric acidsastringent
n-methylbenzylamine
N-methylbenzylamine: precursor of carcinogen benzylmethylnitrosamine; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110
1-phenyl-2-propanone
1-phenyl-2-propanone: analog of propiophenone where carbonyl group is on the 2 carbon atom instead of the 1 carbon atom of the side chain. phenylacetone : A propanone that is propan-2-one substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.		2.2510methyl ketone;
propanones
anisyl alcohol
anisyl alcohol: structure given in first source		2.0710benzyl alcohols
ethyl butyrate
ethyl butyrate : A butyrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of ethanol with the carboxy group of butyric acid.		2.4110butyrate esterplant metabolite
caprolactam
Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		4.6111caprolactamshuman blood serum metabolite
4-phenylenediamine
4-phenylenediamine: agent hair dye responsible for contact dermatitis; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,4-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus.		2.0310phenylenediamineallergen;
dye;
hapten;
reagent
glycidyl methacrylate
glycidyl methacrylate: RN given refers to monomer. glycidyl methacrylate : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol.		2.0110enoate ester;
epoxide
acrolein
[no description available]		8.72100enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
propylamine
propylamine : A member of the class of alkylamines that is propane substituted by an amino group at C-1.		1.9810alkylamines
acrylonitrile
[no description available]		1.9910aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		antifungal agent;
carcinogenic agent;
fungal metabolite;
mutagen;
polar aprotic solvent
glyoxal
[no description available]		8.690dialdehydeagrochemical;
allergen;
pesticide;
plant growth regulator
sarin
Sarin: An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent.. isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate : A phosphinic ester that is the isopropyl ester of methylphosphonofluoridic acid.. sarin : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-sarin. A potent and irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase that is toxic to the nervous system and is employed as a chemical warfare agent.		2.4420fluorine molecular entity;
phosphinic ester
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.		2.0210alkane
3-hydroxybutanal
[no description available]		3.4470
deanol
Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.		1.9410ethanolamines;
tertiary amine		curing agent;
radical scavenger
biuret
Biuret: Used as feed supplement for sheep and cattle since it is a good non-protein nitrogen source. In strongly alkaline solution biuret gives a violet color with copper sulfate.. biuret : A member of the class of condensed ureas that is the compound formed by the condensation of two molecules of urea; the parent compound of the biuret group of compounds. Used as a non-protein nitrogen source in ruminant feed.		6.9310condensed ureas
acetic anhydride
acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid.		3.0850acyclic carboxylic anhydridemetabolite;
reagent
succinic anhydride
[no description available]		1.9710cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
tetrahydrofurandione
maleic anhydride
Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid.		2.6930cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
furans		allergen
methyl malonate
methyl malonate: do not confuse with methylmalonate, i.e., malonic acid substituted with a methyl group on C2; structure		1.9710
cyanuric chloride
cyanuric chloride : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine in which the triazine ring is substituted on each carbon by chlorine. Its main use is in the preparation of the triazine-class pesticides.		2.0410chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
organochlorine compound		cross-linking reagent
melamine
melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.		7.2110triamino-1,3,5-triazinexenobiotic metabolite
bromobenzene
[no description available]		2.420bromoarene;
bromobenzenes;
volatile organic compound		hepatotoxic agent;
mouse metabolite;
non-polar solvent
chlorobenzene
[no description available]		2.0810monochlorobenzenessolvent
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		2.0510cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
3-hydroxypyridine
3-hydroxypyridine: RN given refeirs to parent cpd. 3-pyridinol : A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It has been detected as a thermal degradation product from the smoke of the burning leaves of Salvia divinorum, a Mexican psychoactive plant.		3.0610monohydroxypyridine
n-pentanoic acid
n-pentanoic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. valeric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid containing five carbon atoms.		1.9810short-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
1,3-dibromopropane
1,3-dibromopropane: see also record for dibromopropane		1.9810
diethylamine
[no description available]		2.3820secondary aliphatic amine
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		5.94340pyrrole;
secondary amine
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		210furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		6.0991mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide
[no description available]		2.1110
isopropyl myristate
isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure		4.6111fatty acid ester
pentanal
pentanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde composed from five carbons in a straight chain.		2.1710saturated fatty aldehydeplant metabolite
cyclohexane
Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.		2.0410cycloalkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
cyclohexene
cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond.		7.0210cycloalkene
morpholine
[no description available]		2.0310morpholines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		NMR chemical shift reference compound
hexylamine
hexylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-hexanamine : A 6-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		1.9710primary aliphatic aminemetabolite
1-hexanol
1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.		2.6620hexanol;
primary alcohol		alarm pheromone;
antibacterial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite
diethylenetriamine
diethylenetriamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510polyazaalkane;
triamine
heptanol
Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.		2.0610heptanol;
primary alcohol		flavouring agent;
fragrance;
gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor;
plant metabolite
heptanal
heptanal : An n-alkanal resulting from the oxidation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of heptan-1-ol to the corresponding aldehyde. An endogenous aldehyde coming from membrane lipid oxidation, it is found in the blood of lung cancer patients and has been regarded as a potential biomarker of lung cancer.		1.9610medium-chain fatty aldehyde;
n-alkanal;
saturated fatty aldehyde		biomarker
n-butoxyethanol
n-butoxyethanol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-butoxyethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a butoxy group. A high-boiling (171degreeC) colourless liquid, it is used as a solvent for paints and inks, as well as in some dry cleaning solutions.		2.0310glycol ether;
primary alcohol		protic solvent
dodecyltrimethylammonium
dodecyltrimethylammonium: used to determine thermal stability of DNA; RN given refers to parent cpd. dodecyltrimethylammonium ion : A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.		2.0510quaternary ammonium ion
octadecyltrichlorosilane
[no description available]		2.0710
triethylene glycol
triethylene glycol : A poly(ethylene glycol) that is octane-1,8-diol in which the carbon atoms at positions 3 and 6 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.		2.0310diol;
poly(ethylene glycol);
primary alcohol		plasticiser
decanaldehyde
decanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of capric acid (decanoic acid).		210medium-chain fatty aldehyde;
n-alkanal;
saturated fatty aldehyde		antifungal agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite
tetraethylenepentamine
[no description available]		2.0710polyazaalkanecopper chelator
glycofurol
[no description available]		2.1510poly(ethylene glycol)
1-octadecene
octadec-1-ene : An octadecene with unsaturation at C-1.. octadecene : An alkene that is octadecane containing one double bond at unspecified position.		2.110octadecene
eicosane
icosane : A straight chain alkane composed of 20 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the leaves of Agave attenuata.		2.0810long-chain alkaneplant metabolite
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		1.9410peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
diethylhexyl phthalate
Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		1.9610diester;
phthalate ester		androstane receptor agonist;
apoptosis inhibitor;
plasticiser
isatoic anhydride
isatoic anhydride: structure given in first source		1.9910
maltol
maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure		2.06104-pyranonesmetabolite
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.3820aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		3.5690aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
benzoin
[no description available]		2.4820benzoins;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor
isoquinoline
[no description available]		2.4120azaarene;
isoquinolines;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene
sulfoxide
sulfoxide: synergistic insecticide for use with pyrethrum, allethrin, rotenone, ryania, etc.; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfoxide : An organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H).		2.0810benzodioxoles
n-methylpyrrolidine
N-methylpyrrolidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310
vanillic acid
Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.		2.2510methoxybenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid		plant metabolite
triethylamine
[no description available]		1.9810tertiary amine
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		2.3920hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
proxazole
proxazole: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9510alkylbenzene
captan
Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.		1.9510isoindoles;
organochlorine compound;
organosulfur compound;
phthalimide fungicide		antifungal agrochemical
uridine diphosphate glucose
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.		3.2460UDP-D-glucosefundamental metabolite
fluorodeoxyuridylate
Fluorodeoxyuridylate: 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.		2.3720pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
2-naphthol
2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.		3.79110naphtholantinematodal drug;
genotoxin;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
shikimic acid
Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.		4.85110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrilotriacetic acid
Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)		8.171830NTA;
tricarboxylic acid		carcinogenic agent;
nephrotoxic agent
n,n-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine
N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine: RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine : A bicine that is a Good's buffer substance, pKa = 8.35 at 20 degreeC.		2.420bicine
dodecyl sulfate
dodecyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE		2.4220alkyl sulfate
diphenylcarbazide
Diphenylcarbazide: Used as an indicator in titrating iron and for the colorimetric determination of chromium and the detection of cadmium, mercury, magnesium, aldehydes, and emetine.		1.9910phenylhydrazines
aminoethylpiperazine
aminoethylpiperazine: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant		4.19160
n,n'-dinitrosopiperazine
N,N'-dinitrosopiperazine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		1.9610
cupric acetate
[no description available]		1.9810
iminodiacetic acid
iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.		4.8310amino dicarboxylic acid;
glycine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		chelator
sodium cyanide
Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.		2.3920cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
sodium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
pregnenolone
[no description available]		2.412020-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
C21-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone
20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA.		2.011020-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-onehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		1.9610methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		3.3770dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt
Chymopapain: A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from papaya latex. Preferential cleavage at glutamic and aspartic acid residues. EC 3.4.22.6.		2.3720organosulfur compound;
sulfonic acid derivative
potassium cyanide
[no description available]		3.4880cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
potassium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin
aziridine
[no description available]		7.7430azacycloalkane;
aziridines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		alkylating agent
D-tryptophan
[no description available]		5.46190D-alpha-amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		bacterial metabolite
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		3.1650catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
thiamine pyrophosphate
Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate.		4.78100organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
homoarginine
L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine.		2.6630homoarginine;
L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		biomarker;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
rat metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
diazooxonorleucine
Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.		1.9510amino acid zwitterion;
diazo compound;
ketone;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		analgesic;
antibacterial agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist
perylene
Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.		2.9740ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene;
perylenes
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.4520azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		6.33310acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		2.9540indazole
benzoxazoles
1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.		5.41411,3-benzoxazoles;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
triethylenediamine
triethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethylenediamine : An organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.		3.3870bridged compound;
diamine;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent;
tertiary amino compound		antioxidant;
catalyst;
reagent
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		2.5320adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		3.0550cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		3.78110isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		3.6901,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		12.785411,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine
pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.		3.4980diazine;
pyrimidines		Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		3.3160diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
nitroblue tetrazolium
Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.		3.2560organic cation
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		7.7330phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diiodotyrosine
Diiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE).. diiodotyrosine : A dihalogenated L-tyrosine which has two iodo-substituents on the benzyl moiety.. 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine : A diiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying iodo-substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group. It is an intermediate in the thyroid hormone synthesis.		3.260diiodotyrosine;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-methoxytyrosine
3-O-methyldopa : A L-tyrosine derivative that is the 3-methoxy derivative of L-dopa.		210aromatic L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-tyrosine derivative;
monomethoxybenzene;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		12.28582azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate
thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.		7.9340pseudohalide anion;
sulfur molecular entity		human metabolite
gamma-resorcylic acid
[no description available]		2.0210dihydroxybenzoic acidmetabolite
benzoylarginine-2-naphthylamide
Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide: An enzyme substrate which permits the measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g. trypsin and thrombin. The enzymes liberate 2-naphthylamine, which is measured by colorimetric procedures.. N-{5-carbamimidamido-1-[(naphthalen-2-yl)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl}benzamide : A member of the class of N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamides that is 5-carbamimidamido-N-(naphthalen-2-yl)pentanamide in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a benzamido group.		1.9510arginine derivative;
benzamides;
N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide
paraoxon
[no description available]		3.2660aryl dialkyl phosphate;
organophosphate insecticide		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		2.4120organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
opipramol
Opipramol: A tricyclic antidepressant with actions similar to AMITRIPTYLINE.		1.9310dibenzoazepine
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		2.3820N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
flurothyl
Flurothyl: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.		2.1510ether
diazomethane
Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group.		3.7530diazo compoundalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
poison
5-fluorotryptophan
5-fluorotryptophan: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. 5-fluorotryptophan : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is tryptophan in which the hydrogen at position 5 on the indole ring is replaced by a fluoro group.		6.9610non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
organofluorine compound;
tryptophan derivative
fluocinonide
Fluocinonide: A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA.		2.0310organic molecular entity
aminoimidazole carboxamide
Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.		4.23180aminoimidazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide		mouse metabolite
methysergide
Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.		2.3520ergoline alkaloid
kynuramine
Kynuramine: An aromatic ketone containing the aniline structure (ANILINE COMPOUNDS).. kynuramine : A member of the class of kynurenamines that is aniline substituted at position 2 by a 3-aminopropanoyl group.		2.0510kynurenamines;
primary amino compound		metabolite
thymidine monophosphate
Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).		5.8870thymidine 5'-monophosphatefundamental metabolite
n,n,n',n'-tetramethylbenzidine
[no description available]		1.9910
3-fluorophenol
3-fluorophenol: structure in first source		2.0310
citrulline
citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.		8.84530amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nickel acetate
[no description available]		2.4220
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
cyanamide
Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.		7.3720nitrile;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		2.42017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol
2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol : An organofluorine compound that is benzyl alcohol substituted by fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.		1.9810benzyl alcohols;
organofluorine compound
2-aminopurine
2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.		2.37202-aminopurines;
nucleobase analogue		antimetabolite
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		10.35190imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		2.6530monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
homocystine
[no description available]		9.9470amino acid zwitterion;
homocystines		human metabolite
ketene
ketene: structure. ketene : Carbonyl compounds where the C=O bond is conjugated to an alkylidene group.		7.4120ketene
methylguanidine
Methylguanidine: A product of putrefaction. Poisonous.. methylguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a methyl group.		1.9510guanidinesEC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
uremic toxin
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		2.3720calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
mesoxalic acid
mesoxalic acid: structure		210oxo dicarboxylic acid
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.3520bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
fusarium
Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.		4.01140
indirubin
[no description available]		2.1710
lucanthone
Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.		1.9410thioxanthenesadjuvant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
mutagen;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
schistosomicide drug
menadiol
[no description available]		2.0110methylnaphthalenes;
naphthalenediols;
naphthohydroquinone
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate
Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.		2.4220acyl sulfate;
adenosine bisphosphate;
purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ninhydrin
Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.		3.3570aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone;
indanones;
ketone hydrate		colour indicator;
human metabolite
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		2.3920benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
adenosine phosphosulfate
Adenosine Phosphosulfate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with sulfuric acid. The initial compound formed by the action of ATP sulfurylase on sulfate ions after sulfate uptake. Synonyms: adenosine sulfatophosphate; APS.. 5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine 5'-phosphate having a sulfo group attached to one the phosphate OH groups.		210acyl monophosphate;
acyl sulfate;
adenosine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		3.5180dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
indole-3-carbaldehyde
indole-3-carbaldehyde: metabolite of tryptophan; structure. indole-3-carbaldehyde : A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group.		2.0410heteroarenecarbaldehyde;
indole alkaloid;
indoles		bacterial metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine metabolite;
plant metabolite
benzohydroxamic acid
[no description available]		3.150
indoline
indoline: structure given in first source		2.0510indoles
sodium carbonate
sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure		1.9610carbonate salt;
organic sodium salt
butenolide
butenolide: inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. butenolide : A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		7.6320butenolide
2-norbornene
norbornene : A bridged compound that is cyclohexane with a methylene bridge between carbons 1 and 4 and a double bond at position 2.		2.2510
dipicolinic acid
dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.		2.6730pyridinedicarboxylic acidbacterial metabolite
indophenol
Indophenol: A deep blue dye (with the formula OC6H4NC6H4OH) used to detect AMMONIA in a common test called the Berthelot's reaction and to detect PARACETAMOL by spectrophotometry.. indophenol : A quinone imine obtained by formal condensation of one of the keto groups of benzoquinone with the amino group of 4-hydroxyaniline.		2.0110quinone iminedye
oxetane
oxetane: structure. oxetane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a four-membered ring comprising of three carbon atoms and an oxygen atom.		2.0310oxetanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
thiazolidines
Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.		2.4920thiazolidine
tridecanedioic acid
tridecanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is undecane substituted by carboxylic acid groups at positions C-1 and C-11.		2.0210alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidmetabolite
mustard gas
Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.		2.4620ethyl sulfide;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
vesicant
cyanogen bromide
Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.		6.26480
tetranitromethane
[no description available]		5.21160organonitrogen compound
echothiophate iodide
Echothiophate Iodide: A potent, long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used as a miotic in the treatment of glaucoma.. ecothiopate iodide : The iodide salt of ecothiopate. An irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, it is used an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, particularly when other drugs have proved inadequate.		2.0210iodide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
triphenylmethane
triphenylmethane : A triarylmethane in which the three aryl groups are phenyl. It forms the basic skeleton of several synthetic dyes.		210triarylmethaneenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
psilocybin
Psilocybin: The major of two hallucinogenic components of Teonanacatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, the other component being psilocin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). psilocybin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").		2.0110organic phosphate;
tertiary amino compound;
tryptamine alkaloid		fungal metabolite;
hallucinogen;
prodrug;
serotonergic agonist
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		6.971017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		4.25017beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
luminol
Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.		8.5180
angelicin
angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure		1.9910furanocoumarin
flavone
flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.		1.9710flavonesmetabolite;
nematicide
tryptophol
tryptophol : An indolyl alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 2.		1.9610indolyl alcoholauxin;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gluconic acid
gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.		8.2760gluconic acidchelator;
Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		5.68191organic molecular entity
azomycin
azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure		3.2160C-nitro compound;
imidazoles		antitubercular agent
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.		2.4320
cellobiose
beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.		3.1250cellobioseepitope
tropolone
Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.		2.0810alpha-hydroxy ketone;
cyclic ketone;
enol		bacterial metabolite;
fungicide;
toxin
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.		1.9710methoxybenzenes;
phenols
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		3.5890amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
oxophenarsine
oxophenarsine: obsolete toxic arsenical for treatment of syphilis; useful against some neoplasms; major descriptor (64-83); on-line search ARSENICALS (64-83); Index Medicus search OXOPHENARSINE (64-83); structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610substituted aniline
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.		3.68100carbodiimideATP synthase inhibitor;
cross-linking reagent;
peptide coupling reagent
4-iodophenol
[no description available]		2.0510iodophenol
aminoacetonitrile
Aminoacetonitrile: Cyanomethylamine.		6.9310
maleimide
[no description available]		8.4670dicarboximide;
maleimides		EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
muscone
muscone: structure in first source		4.6111
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		4.99380dialdehydebiomarker
bis(chloromethyl) ether
Bis(Chloromethyl) Ether: A substance that is an irritant to the eyes and respiratory tract and may be carcinogenic.. bis(chloromethyl) ether : An ether that is dimethyl ether in which one of the hydrogens attached to each of the methyl group has replaced by a chlorine.		210ether;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent
aceturic acid
aceturic acid: structure. N-acetylglycine : An N-acylglycine where the acyl group is specified as acetyl.		1.9910N-acetyl-amino acid;
N-acylglycine		human metabolite
cadmium acetate
cadmium acetate: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
myristic acid
Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.9340long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
n-hexadecane
n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.		2.3820long-chain alkanenon-polar solvent;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		4.38210arenesulfonic acid;
C-nitro compound		epitope;
explosive;
reagent
eosine yellowish-(ys)
Eosine Yellowish-(YS): A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.. eosin YS dye : An organic sodium salt that is 2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein in which the carboxy group and the phenolic hydroxy group have been deprotonated and the resulting charge is neutralised by two sodium ions.		2.6630organic sodium salt;
organobromine compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
violacein
[no description available]		2.0610
lucanthone hydrochloride
Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.		1.9510
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.3520organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
2-nitrobenzaldehyde
2-nitrobenzaldehyde: structure given in first source. 2-nitrobenzaldehyde : Benzaldehyde substituted at the ortho-position with a nitro group.		2.0710benzaldehydes;
C-nitro compound
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		3.4980
neutral red
Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.		2.6730hydrochlorideacid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
4,4'-bipyridyl
4,4'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'.		2.2110bipyridine
linamarin
[no description available]		1.9810beta-D-glucoside
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate
4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.		3.69100arenesulfonic acid;
arylmercury compound
trimesic acid
trimesic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that consists of benzene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 5.		2.0110benzoic acids;
tricarboxylic acid
brocresine
Brocresine: A histidine decarboxylase inhibitor.		2.8740
glycyl-glycyl-glycine
glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence.		3.1250tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide
glycylglycine
[no description available]		9.6890dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		human metabolite
methyl isothiocyanate
methyl isothiocyanate: structure. methyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a methyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is also the active nematicide of the pronematicide metam-sodium.		210isothiocyanatefumigant;
lachrymator;
nematicide
diepoxybutane
diepoxybutane: difunctional alkylating agent; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure		3.0850epoxidemutagen
2-hydroxybutyric acid
2-hydroxybutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. hydroxybutyric acid : Any compound comprising a butyric acid core carrying at least one hydroxy substituent.. 2-hydroxybutyric acid : A hydroxybutyric acid having a single hydroxyl group located at position 2; urinary secretion of 2-hydroxybutyric acid is increased with alcohol ingestion or vigorous physical exercise and is associated with lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis in humans and diabetes in animals.		3.44112-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		algal metabolite;
human metabolite
malachite green
malachite green: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. malachite green : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.		2.4420organic chloride saltantibacterial agent;
antifungal drug;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
teratogenic agent
congo red
Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.		7.4220bis(azo) compound
8-aminoquinoline
[no description available]		2.0210
2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene
[no description available]		2.0210
succinimide
succinimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. succinimide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5.		2.6930dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone
allethrins
Allethrins: Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.2510cyclopropanecarboxylate esterpyrethroid ester insecticide
iodobenzene
iodobenzene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.0810
methylisonitrile
methylisonitrile: structure		2.3820isocyanide
2,2-dimethylmalonate
dimethylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which both methylene hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.		1.9810dicarboxylic acidfatty acid synthesis inhibitor
bromoacetone
bromoacetone : An alpha-bromoketone that is acetone in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a bromine atom. A poweful lachrymator, it was formerly used as a chemical weapon.		2.3520alpha-bromoketonelachrymator
methylurea
N-methyl urea : A member of the class of ureas that is urea substituted by a methyl group at one of the nitrogen atoms.		1.9610ureas
dansyl chloride
dansyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.6630aminonaphthalene;
sulfonic acid derivative
2-nitrofluorene
2-nitrofluorene: RN given refers to cpd with locant with nitro moiety in 2 position. 2-nitrofluorene : A nitroarene that is fluorene substituted by a nitro group at position 2.		1.9810nitroarenecarcinogenic agent;
mutagen
phenylglyoxylic acid
phenylglyoxylic acid: styrene metabolite. phenylglyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is glyoxylic acid in which the aldehyde hydrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		2102-oxo monocarboxylic acidbiomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite
2-anthramine
2-anthramine: structure		2.6730anthracenamine
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		5.23190acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
3,5-diaminobenzoic acid
3,5-diaminobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210
glycine ethyl ester
glycine ethyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3820
ethyl isocyanide
[no description available]		1.9710
2,5-dimethylfuran
2,5-dimethylfuran: metabolite of n-hexane. 2,5-dimethylfuran : A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl groups.		1.9810furansantifungal agent;
bacterial metabolite;
fuel;
fumigant;
human urinary metabolite;
Maillard reaction product;
plant metabolite
amyl acetate
amyl acetate: sources do not specify n-isomer. pentyl acetate : An acetate ester of pentanol.		2.4120acetate estermetabolite
dibromoacetic acid
dibromoacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which two of the methyl hydrogens are replaced by bromo groups.		1.95102-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid		apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
marine metabolite
c.i. 42510
Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.		4.5980
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		2.8640cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		2.251017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate
2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.		2.45202'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		fundamental metabolite
homoserine
homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.		3.2260amino acid zwitterion;
homoserine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrosoguanidines
Nitrosoguanidines: Nitrosylated derivatives of guanidine. They are used as MUTAGENS in MOLECULAR BIOLOGY research.		6.19270
methylnitrosourea
Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.		1.9710N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
2-methylimidazole
[no description available]		2.9340
2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone
2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 have been replaced by chlorines. A highly toxic and carcinogenic disinfection by-product found in drinking water.		1.99101,4-benzoquinones;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
poison
phenylphosphate
phenylphosphate: structure given in first source. phenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with phenol.		7.4420aryl phosphatemouse metabolite
phosmet
Phosmet: An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange.		210organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phthalimides		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
ethylnitrosourea
Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.		2.9240N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
1,2-cyclohexanedione
cyclohexanedione : Cyclohexanones carrying two oxo substituents.. cyclohexane-1,2-dione : A cyclohexanedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 1 and 2.		2.8840cyclohexanedione
2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide
2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl Bromide: A chemical reagent that reacts with and modifies chemically the tryptophan portion of protein molecules. Used for 'active site' enzyme studies and other protein studies. Sometimes referred to as Koshland's reagent.		3.7430
4-methylimidazole
4-methylimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methylimidazole : Imidazole substituted at position 4 by a methyl group.		8.6290imidazolescarcinogenic agent;
reaction intermediate
4-nitrophenyl acetate
[no description available]		3.94130C-nitro compound;
phenyl acetates
ametryne
ametryne: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, TRIAZINE (75-83) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & TRIAZINES (72-74); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. ametryn : A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethylamino and an isopropylamino group at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		2.0210diamino-1,3,5-triazine;
methylthio-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide
hydroxyethyl methacrylate
hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.		340enoate esterallergen;
polymerisation monomer
terbutryne
terbutryn : A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by a tert-butylamino and an ethylamino group at positions 2 and 4 respectively.		2.4220diamino-1,3,5-triazine;
methylthio-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
benzoylarginine nitroanilide
Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide: A chromogenic substrate that permits direct measurement of peptide hydrolase activity, e.g., papain and trypsin, by colorimetry. The substrate liberates p-nitroaniline as a chromogenic product.		2.3920
2-cyclohexen-1-one
2-cyclohexen-1-one: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with specified locant for double bond. cyclohexenone : The parent compound of the cyclohexenones, composed of cyclohexanone having one double bond in the ring.. cyclohex-2-enone : A cyclohexenone having its C=C double bond at the 2-position.		7.7330cyclohexenone
2-aminobenzimidazole
2-aminobenzimidazole: metabolite of benomyl; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-aminobenzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is benzimidazole in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by an amino group.		2.0110benzimidazolesmarine xenobiotic metabolite
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		5.0421pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		3.7430pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,6-dichloroindophenol
2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.		3.0850dichlorobenzene;
quinone imine
2'-deoxyadenosine
2'-deoxyformycin A: RN not in Chemline 9/85; RN and structure given in first source		2.1310purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine diphosphate choline
Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.		1.9610nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphocholines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rhodamine 6g
rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl		7.5420
methylphosphonic acid
methylphosphonic acid : A one-carbon compound that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus is substituted by a methyl group.		2.9740one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids
deoxycytidine monophosphate
Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		1.98102'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate
adenosine 5'-(pentahydrogen tetraphosphate) : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate having adenine as the nucleobase.		6.9810adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate
ammonium bicarbonate
ammonium bicarbonate: see also record for ammonium carbonate (di-NH4 salt)		2.0110organooxygen compound
allylglycine
Allylglycine: An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase and an antagonist of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals.		210
phenylglyoxal
[no description available]		4.28190phenylacetaldehydes
nicotinamide mononucleotide
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN.		2.4420nicotinamide mononucleotideEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-nitrosodiethanolamine
[no description available]		2.0310nitroso compound
tri-n-octylamine
[no description available]		1.9210
4-acetylpyridine
[no description available]		1.9810
6-hydroxyhexanoic acid
[no description available]		1.97106-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain fatty acid		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
methyl phenyl sulfoxide
(methylsulfinyl)benzene : A sulfoxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the sulfur atom of thioanisole.		2.0310benzenes;
sulfoxide
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		3.5180
cadmium sulfide
[no description available]		7.1110cadmium molecular entity
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.89130alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide
Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.		3.7190zinc molecular entity
vanadium pentoxide
[no description available]		2.2510vanadium oxide
molybdenum disulfide
[no description available]		2.2510sulfide salt
cupric sulfide
copper(II) sulfide : A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.		2.1110
cascade blue
[no description available]		2.0110aminonaphthalenefluorochrome
arsenic trioxide
Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.		210
hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.		3.9840hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium hydroxide
Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water.		1.9710inorganic hydroxy compoundfood acidity regulator
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		3.3570glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		7.53161alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
1,2-epoxyhexane
[no description available]		4.6111
pseudouridine
[no description available]		3.2160pseudouridinesfundamental metabolite
selenomethionine
[no description available]		8.5680selenoamino acid;
selenomethionines		plant metabolite
selenocystine
selenocystine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.3720diselenide;
selenoamino acid
dodecyldimethylamine oxide
dodecyldimethylamine oxide: zwitterionic detergent. dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the amino group of dodecyldimethylamine.		2.0210tertiary amine oxidedetergent;
plant metabolite
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		1.9410cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
5-chlorouracil
5-chlorouracil : An organochlorine compound consisting of uracil having an chloro substituent at the 5-position.		1.9710organochlorine compound
stearylamine
stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		2.0310primary aliphatic aminefilm-forming compound
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide
Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.		3.2360
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		3.3570organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.71302'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate
Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.6530tertiary amine
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		1.9710benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine
methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .		2.3720methionine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		8.8110aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
3-phenylpropylamine
3-phenylpropylamine : A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group.		2.0110benzenes;
phenylalkylamine;
primary amino compound
1,6-diaminohexane
1,6-diaminohexane: Russian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexane-1,6-diamine : A C6 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine.		2.4220alkane-alpha,omega-diaminehuman xenobiotic metabolite
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.		2.4820azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
n-isopropylacrylamide
N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands		2.4820
fenitrooxone
fenitrooxone: oxone metabolite of fenitrothion		2.0210
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		3.63902-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
thioflavin t
thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.		3.78100organic chloride saltfluorochrome;
geroprotector;
histological dye
1,4-bis(2,3-epoxypropoxy)butane
[no description available]		2.0310
fucose
Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.		3.3370fucopyranose;
L-fucose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-acetylimidazole
[no description available]		4.6990N-acylimidazole
acetosyringone
acetosyringone: plant inducer which induces expression of VirE & VirG in A. tumefaciens. acetosyringone : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and methoxy groups at positions 3 and 5.		210acetophenones;
dimethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-asthmatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug;
plant metabolite
uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid
Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.. UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid : A UDP-sugar having alpha-D-glucuronic acid as the sugar component.		3.150UDP-D-glucuronic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diphenylborinic acid
diphenylborinic acid: structure given in first source		2.3920
1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one
1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one: a preservative in water-based solutions such as paints, cutting fluids, printing inks, cleaning agents, polyvinyl chloride gloves, etc.. benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one : An organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.		1.9710organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound		disinfectant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sensitiser;
xenobiotic
1,12-dodecamethylenediamine
1,12-dodecamethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dodecane-1,12-diamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine that is dodecane substituted by amino groups at positions 1 and 12.		2.0510alkane-alpha,omega-diamine
methyl methanethiosulfonate
S-methyl methanethiosulfonate : A sulfonic acid derivative obtained by condensaton of methanesulfonic acid with methanethiol.		3.2260sulfonic acid derivative;
thiosulfonate ester		metabolite
uridine diphosphate galactose
Uridine Diphosphate Galactose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be epimerized into UDPglucose for entry into the mainstream of carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a source of galactose in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, cerebrosides, and lactose.. UDP-alpha-D-galactose : A UDP-D-galactose in which the anomeric centre of the galactose moiety has alpha-configuration.		2.4220UDP-D-galactosemouse metabolite
4-nitroimidazole
5-nitroimidazole : A C-nitro compound that is imidazole bearing a nitro substituent at position 5.		2.0210C-nitro compound;
imidazoles
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		1.9810organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source		2.6930primary alcohol
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		4.36200fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene
sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.		2.9140thujeneplant metabolite
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		4.5240D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		5.134601,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine
[no description available]		2.0210
cyclazocine
Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.		1.9710
ecdysone
[no description available]		21014alpha-hydroxy steroid;
22-hydroxy steroid;
25-hydroxy steroid;
2beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-sterol;
6-oxo steroid;
ecdysteroid		prohormone
cyclic cmp
Cyclic CMP: A cyclic nucleotide formed from CYTIDINE TRIPHOSPHATE by the action of cytidylate cyclase. It is a potential cyclic nucleotide intracellular mediator of signal transductions.. 3',5'-cyclic CMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.88403',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotidehuman metabolite
n-lauryl iminodipropionate
N-lauryl iminodipropionate: deriphat 160c is synonymous to mono-Na salt & deriphat 160 is synonymous to di-Na salt; RN given refers to (beta)-isomer		2.0110
chlorophacinone
chlorophacinone: structure		2.0610beta-triketone;
diarylmethane
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.64302-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
2-(aminomethyl)pyridine
[no description available]		4.19160pyridines
streptomycin
[no description available]		10.01420antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		4.72310carbon oxoanion
l 451167
L 451167: structure given in first source		2.4720
thiophosphoryl chloride
[no description available]		2.2110
2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole
2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310
3-chlorocatechol
3-chlorocatechol: inhibits catechol-2,3-dioxygenase. chlorocatechol : Any member of the class of catechols that is catechol substituted by at least one chloro group.. 3-chlorocatechol : A chlorocatechol that is catechol in which the hydrogen adjacent to one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a chlorine.		2.110chlorocatechol;
monochlorobenzenes
mitomycin a
mitomycin A: RN given refers to (1aS-(1aalpha,8beta,8aalpha,8balpha))-isomer; structure given in first source. mitomycin A : A member of the family of mitomycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitumour properties as well as a high level of toxicity.		2.0310ether;
mitomycin		alkylating agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
toxin
acetylthiocholine
Acetylthiocholine: An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme types.		2.1110
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		1.9510penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
trimetazidine
Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.		2.0210aromatic amine
norleucine
Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.		5.071402-aminohexanoic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
4-aminobenzhydrazide
4-aminobenzhydrazide: a Russian synthetic drug of acylhydrazide group; decreased uterus wt in rats; RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for amino group		210
1-nitropyrene
[no description available]		1.9810nitroarenecarcinogenic agent
diadenosine tetraphosphate
P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.		2.7130diadenosyl tetraphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
iodinated glycerol
iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant		3.7421dioxolane
6-n-hydroxylaminopurine
N(6)-hydroxyadenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurinnes that is adenine in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2106-aminopurines;
hydroxylamines;
nucleobase analogue		mutagen;
teratogenic agent
4-dimethylaminophenol
4-dimethylaminophenol: in combination with SODIUM NITRITE antagonizes experimental cyanide poisoning; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9510dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
limonene
Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.		2.4120cycloalkene;
p-menthadiene		human metabolite
methyl-4-nitrobenzenesulfonate
[no description available]		3.2260
4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid
4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid: structure given in first source		2.0510
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		3.2660amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
enbucrilate
Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.		2.0510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
nitrile
candicine
candicine: from trunk bark of Galipea officinalis; structure in first source		1.9310primary amine
3-deazaadenosine
3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.		210
helenalin
helenalin: toxic principle of Helenium microcephalum (smallhead sneezeweed); structure. helenalin : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 4a and 8 and a methylidene group at position 3 (the 3aS,4S,4aR,7aR,8R,9aR stereoisomer).. NF-kappaB inhibitor : An inhibitor of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), a protein complex involved in the transcription of DNA.		1.9510cyclic ketone;
gamma-lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
sesquiterpene lactone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
tert-nitrosobutane
[no description available]		2.0210
dimethylpropiothetin
dimethylpropiothetin: has antineoplastic activity; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt. S,S-dimethyl-beta-propiothetin : A sulfonium betaine obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionic acid.		2.4110sulfonium betainemarine metabolite;
osmolyte
p-azobenzenearsonate
p-Azobenzenearsonate: A hapten capable of eliciting both antibody formation and delayed hypersensitivity when bound to aromatic amino acids, polypeptides or proteins. It is used as an immunologic research tool.. 4,4'-azodibenzenearsonic acid : The monoazo compound formed from arsanilic acid. It is used as an immunologic research tool.		2.3620
hepes
[no description available]		8.150HEPES;
organosulfonic acid
iridium
Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.		4.16150cobalt group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
lanthanum
[no description available]		3.0550f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom;
scandium group element atom
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		8.881790elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		11.87530elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		3.85120chromium group element atommicronutrient
neodymium
Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.		6.9410f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		5.48200metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		5.78280elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
rhenium
Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.		4130manganese group element atom
rhodium
Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.		3.5380cobalt group element atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		5.96330iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
samarium
Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		7.1510f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		8.57491copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		4.04140manganese group element atom
terbium
Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.		8.5180f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
thulium
Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.		4.6111f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		6.51131titanium group element atom
tungsten
Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.		2.9240chromium group element atommicronutrient
argon
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.		2.6630monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom		food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		7.571040cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
cerium
Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.		2.520f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.		4.21170chromium group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
europium
Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.		8.5780f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		8.2260f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		6.171190copper group element atom;
elemental gold
helium
Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.		7.6930monoatomic helium;
noble gas atom;
s-block element atom		food packaging gas
uranium
Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.		5.5851actinoid atom;
f-block element atom;
monoatomic uranium
vanadium
Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.		3.150elemental vanadium;
vanadium group element atom		micronutrient
xenon
Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.		3.4880monoatomic xenon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
ytterbium
Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.		1.9410f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
yttrium
Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.		2.4620d-block element atom;
rare earth metal atom;
scandium group element atom
zirconium
Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.		2.0510titanium group element atom
cupric chloride
cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.		3.89120copper molecular entity;
inorganic chloride		EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
magnesium sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.		2.6630magnesium salt;
metal sulfate;
organic magnesium salt		anaesthetic;
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
anticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
fertilizer;
tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride
Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.		2.0310mercury coordination entitysensitiser
acetylglucosamine
Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		3.8110N-acetyl-D-glucosamineepitope
galactosamine
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.		2.3420D-galactosamine;
primary amino compound		toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt
[no description available]		2.9640sodium phosphate
sodium nitrate
sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.		2.0410inorganic nitrate salt;
inorganic sodium salt		fertilizer;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		3.92120chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.3560delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
ferric chloride
ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents		3.1150iron coordination entityastringent;
Lewis acid
nickel chloride
nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.		3.580nickel coordination entitycalcium channel blocker;
hapten
ferrous sulfate
ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.		2.3720iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		reducing agent
sodium pyrophosphate
sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.		1.9810inorganic sodium saltchelator;
food emulsifier;
food thickening agent
phosphine
phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane.		3.5820mononuclear parent hydride;
phosphanes;
phosphine		carcinogenic agent;
fumigant insecticide
bromine
Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.		10.41630diatomic bromine
s-methylcysteine
S-methylcysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. S-methylcysteine : A cysteine derivative that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur is replaced by a methyl group.		2.0310S-alkyl-L-cysteine zwitterion;
S-alkyl-L-cysteine		human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		4.8781metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
sodium sulfate
[no description available]		2.9140inorganic sodium salt
sodium sulfite
[no description available]		2.0210inorganic sodium salt;
sulfite salt		food preservative;
reducing agent
magnesium phosphate (2:3)
[no description available]		1.9910inorganic magnesium salt
tricalcium phosphate
tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.		2.6330calcium phosphate
chromates
Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.		3.3470chromium oxoanion;
divalent inorganic anion		oxidising agent
copper sulfate
Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.		3.6290metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser
tungstate
[no description available]		2.4120divalent inorganic anion;
tungsten oxoanion
metoprine
metoprine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist		8.4980
silver nitrate
Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.		7.610inorganic nitrate salt;
silver salt		astringent
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		2.1510inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
calcium hypochlorite
calcium hypochlorite: structure		2.3110calcium salt;
inorganic calcium salt		bleaching agent
potassium sulfate
potassium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-H2SO4		2.0110inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt
zinc phosphate
zinc phosphate: RN given refers to unspecified Zn salt; see also record for ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENT RN 7779-90-0; hopeite was non-print entry term to ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENT 1982-91		2.520
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		8.391760dihydrogen
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		5.07440diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		4.83340diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
nitrous acid
Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.6630nitrogen oxoacid
nickel sulfate
nickel sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni(2+)-H2SO4. nickel sulfate : A metal sulfate having nickel(2+) as the metal ion.		2.4420metal sulfateallergen
beryllium fluoride
beryllium difluoride : The fluoride salt of beryllium (+2 oxidation state). In the solid state it exists as a glass, with four-coordinate Be(2+) tetrahedral centres and two-coordinate fluoride centres. As a gas it adopts a linear triatomic structure and in the liquid state a fluctuating tetrahedral structure. In protein crystallography it is used as a mimic of phosphate.		2.4220beryllium molecular entity;
fluoride salt
deuterium oxide
Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.		4.64270deuterated compound;
water		NMR solvent
fluorosulfonic acid
perfluorosulfonic acid: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer–copolymer		2.0810sulfur oxoacidNMR solvent
sulfur trioxide
sulfur trioxide: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110sulfur oxide
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		7.31201
phosphoryl chloride
phosphoryl chloride: structure		1.9810phosphorus coordination entity
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		6.0791elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
ferric sulfate
ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2.		1.9710iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		astringent;
catalyst;
mordant
aluminum sulfate
aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.		2.520aluminium sulfate
chlorine dioxide
chlorine dioxide: equal or superior to chlorine when used as wastewater disinfectant		2.0510chlorine dioxide
sodium selenite
disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.		2.5520inorganic sodium salt;
selenite salt		nutraceutical
cadmium chloride
Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.		2.420cadmium coordination entity
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan
4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.		2.6830benzoxadiazole;
C-nitro compound;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor;
fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome
barium chloride
barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.		1.9810barium salt;
inorganic chloride		potassium channel blocker
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		4.75100
rhamnose
[no description available]		2.4220L-rhamnose
sodium bichromate
sodium bichromate: RN given refers to di-Na salt		1.9510inorganic sodium salt
chloramine
[no description available]		7.7130halide
carbendazim
carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.		1.9810benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
metabolite;
microtubule-destabilising agent
ammonium chloride
Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.		9.56260ammonium salt;
inorganic chloride		ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		5.75170S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
cysteic acid
Cysteic Acid: Beta-Sulfoalanine. An amino acid with a C-terminal sulfonic acid group which has been isolated from human hair oxidized with permanganate. It occurs normally in the outer part of the sheep's fleece, where the wool is exposed to light and weather.. cysteic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the sulfonic acid analogue of cysteine.		1.9510alanine derivative;
amino sulfonic acid;
carboxyalkanesulfonic acid;
cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		animal metabolite
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		3.5680titanium oxidesfood colouring
sodium tungstate(vi)
sodium tungstate(VI): inactivates molybdoenzymes in Anabaena; RN given refers to tungstic acid [H2WO4], di-Na salt. sodium tungstate : An inorganic sodium salt having tungstate as the counterion. Combines with hydrogen peroxide for the oxidation of secondary amines to nitrones.		2.1310inorganic sodium saltreagent
tiletamine hydrochloride
Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		3.4980
myrmicacin
myrmicacin: found in secretions of South American leaf-cutting ant; inhibitor for mitotic progression after metaphase. 3-hydroxydecanoic acid : A medium-chain fatty acid that is decanoic acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		2103-hydroxy fatty acid;
medium-chain fatty acid		antimitotic;
Escherichia coli metabolite
etorphine
Etorphine: A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice.		1.9610
phytanic acid
Phytanic Acid: A 20-carbon branched chain fatty acid. In phytanic acid storage disease (REFSUM DISEASE) this lipid may comprise as much as 30% of the total fatty acids of the plasma. This is due to a phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.. phytanic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid consisting of hexadecanoic acid carrying methyl substituents at positions 3, 7, 11 and 15.		2.0210branched-chain saturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
methyl-branched fatty acid
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		7.9406-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
methyl acetimidate
methyl acetimidate: affords intermediate protection for amino group; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9810
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		1.9910beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.		2.3820organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen
eedq
EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent		3.0650
ferric nitrilotriacetate
ferric nitrilotriacetate: induces diabetes in animals (iron loading)		2.4220iron chelatecarcinogenic agent;
mutagen
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		8.4980acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
sodium bisulfide
sodium bisulfide: RN given refers to sodium sulfide (Na(SH)); see also record for sodium sulfide (Na2S)		2.0610
gold tetrachloride, acid
gold tetrachloride, acid: used in root canal therapy; RN given refers to (SP-4-1)		2.9840
fluorides
[no description available]		6.08400halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
acridine half-mustard
acridine half-mustard: RN given refers to parent cpd. acridine half-mustard : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine which is substituted by a methoxy group at position 2, chlorine at position 6, and a {3-[(2-chloroethyl)amino]propyl}amino group at position 9.		1.9610aminoacridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		mutagen
homocitric acid
[no description available]		2.4320tricarboxylic acid
benomyl
[no description available]		2.3820aromatic amide;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
anthelminthic drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
1-(trimethylsilyl)-1h-imidazole
N-trimethylsilylimidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles in which the hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a trimethylsilyl group. N-trimethylsilylimidazole is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.		2.0110imidazoles;
N-silyl compound		chromatographic reagent
stannic oxide
tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms.		2.0310tin oxide
chromium
chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen		2.8130chromium cation;
monoatomic hexacation
1-deoxynojirimycin
1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.		2.7302-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
iodine
[no description available]		4.57260halide anion;
monoatomic iodine		human metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		2.6830aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
3,5-diisopropylsalicylic acid
3,5-diisopropylsalicylic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310
phosphotyrosine
Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.		5.82170L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O(4)-phosphotyrosine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
immunogen
fenamiphos
[no description available]		2.4520organophosphate insecticide;
organophosphate nematicide;
phosphoramidate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
carbimazole
Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		1.96101,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
carbamate ester		antithyroid drug;
prodrug
fenitrothion
Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.		2.0210C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		9.112130benzenes;
phenyl acetates
n-phenylethanolamine
[no description available]		2.0410aralkylamine
isopentyl alcohol
isopentyl alcohol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. isoamylol : An primary alcohol that is butan-1-ol in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.5420alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		antifungal agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
acetylacetone
acetylacetone : A beta-diketone that is pentane in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by oxo groups.		7.0610beta-diketone
paraldehyde
Paraldehyde: A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9). paraldehyde : A trioxane that is 1,3,5-trioxane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		2.0410trioxanesedative
pyrrolidine
[no description available]		2.0310azacycloalkane;
pyrrolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
1,4-dioxane
1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.		2.3820dioxane;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
non-polar solvent
tetramethylolphosphonium chloride
tetramethylolphosphonium chloride: Negwer,5th ed has a number for a different cpd named THPC		1.9910
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		2.874011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
pyrene
pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.		8.5480ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenefluorescent probe;
persistent organic pollutant
4-methoxyamphetamine
4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation		3.8140
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.		1.97103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound		antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist
6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid
6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid: major metabolite of nabumetone; inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). (6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of 2-naphthylacetic acid having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position. The active metabolite of the prodrug nabumetone.		2.0210methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic metabolite
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		6.76591
3-butenoic acid
but-3-enoic acid : That isomer of butenoic acid having the double bond at position C-3.		2.1310butenoic acid
alkenes
[no description available]		3.1550
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		11.494381glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
glucaric acid
Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.		2.2510glucaric acidantineoplastic agent
adenylyl imidodiphosphate
Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.		3.1150adenosine 5'-phosphate
azoxymethane
Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.		2.1710
5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloromethylisothiazolinone : A 1,2-thiazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom and a chlorine at C-5. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the major active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM).		2.71301,2-thiazoles;
organochlorine compound		antimicrobial agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
torpedo
Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.		3.3970
sodium azide
Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).		5.3210inorganic sodium saltantibacterial agent;
explosive;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mutagen
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		5.47650pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose
Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.		5.79290ADP-sugarEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		2.610penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
oxovanadium iv
oxovanadium IV: forms complexes with simple sugars		1.9910vanadium oxide
ferrozine
Ferrozine: A ferroin compound that forms a stable magenta-colored solution with the ferrous ion. The complex has an absorption peak at 562 nm and is used as a reagent and indicator for iron.		210
nigericin
Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.		2.6730polycyclic etherantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
enterobactin
[no description available]		2.3920catechols;
crown compound;
macrotriolide;
polyphenol		bacterial metabolite;
siderophore
1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate
1-(9-fluorenyl)methyl chloroformate: used for tagging silica-based derivatization reagents in HPLC		2.940
s-adenosylmethionine
acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.8630sulfonium betainehuman metabolite
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		2.4720azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
acetylgalactosamine
Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.		2.6930N-acetyl-D-hexosamine;
N-acetylgalactosamine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sisomicin
Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).		7.0210amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic;
beta-L-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative
amdinocillin
Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.		1.9610penicillinantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		6.39111taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		7.6830beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		3.77110peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
promegestone
Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group.		1.961020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		antineoplastic agent;
progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin
4-methylhistamine
4-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the 5 position on the ring.		2.0510aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		histamine agonist;
metabolite
iprodione
iprodione : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione in which the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by an N-(isopropyl)carboxamide group while that at position 3 is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A contact fungicide, it blocks the growth of the fungal mycelium and inhibits the germination of fungal spores. It is used on fruit and vegetable crops affected by various fungal diseases. It is also used as a nematicide.		2.0310benzenes;
dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicide;
imidazole fungicide;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		antifungal agrochemical;
nematicide
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		3.12101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.		210butyrate ester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
fluorescamine
Fluorescamine: A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.		3.4680
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		7.3820beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
agent orange
Agent Orange: A herbicide that contains equal parts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), as well as traces of the contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.		2.0110
n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
Duxon: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		6.9910
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		9.68300L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
1,8-dinitropyrene
[no description available]		1.9810pyrenes
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2105-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		3.0950pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
vx
VX nerve agent : A organic thiophosphate that is the ethyl ester of S-{2-[di(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl} O hydrogen methylphosphonothioate. A toxic nerve agent used in chemical warfare.		2.4820organic thiophosphate;
tertiary amino compound		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methylisothiazolinone : A 1,2-thazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom. It is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the minor active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM).		2.42201,2-thiazolesantifouling biocide;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		2.4420alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
quisqualic acid
Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.		1.9710non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		3.1250chromanol;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger;
Wnt signalling inhibitor
1-carboxyglutamic acid
1-Carboxyglutamic Acid: Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications.		1.9810
lodoxamide ethyl
lodoxamide ethyl: inhibits anaphylactic reactions; structure		2.3820
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine
T1023: radioprotective NO-Synthase Inhibitor		2.4220
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.		2.4420epoxideintercalator
impromidine
Impromidine: A highly potent and specific histamine H2 receptor agonist. It has been used diagnostically as a gastric secretion indicator.		2.6630
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		2.4220anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
enkephalin, methionine
Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.		2.6730
dihydroalprenolol
Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.		1.9810
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.2110penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		3.2460alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		2.0310nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		3.3870acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a-3',2'-d)imidazole
2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a-3',2'-d)imidazole: structure		2.3820imidazopyridine
tiotidine
tiotidine: UD gives slightly different structure for this cpd; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.3920thiazoles
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		2.4420aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
fenoxycarb
fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.		2.8830aromatic ether;
carbamate ester		environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
juvenile hormone mimic;
xenobiotic
dazoxiben
dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		210delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline
2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline: mutagen found in broiled food; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source; frequently abbreviated as IQ in the literature. 3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-amine : An imidazoquinoline that is 3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2.		1.9710imidazoquinolinecarcinogenic agent
3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5h)-furanone
3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone: structure given in first source		210butenolide
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		1.9910benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		2.0110hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		2.39203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
brequinar
brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.		6.9910biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
fura-2
Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.		2.4120
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		7.8220imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		2.0510aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
enalkiren
[no description available]		2.420peptide
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		2.0510pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		5.0421organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		2.1510biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.1310guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
simendan
Simendan: A hydrazone and pyridazine derivative; the levo-form is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, calcium-sensitizing agent, and inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.		2.110
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		13.8915510adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitroaniline
nitroaniline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for nitro moiety. nitroaniline : A substituted aniline that carries one or more nitro groups.		2.0110
ferric citrate
ferric citrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(III) citrate : An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).		2.4120iron chelateanti-anaemic agent;
nutraceutical
pyranine
pyranine: structure		2.0110organic sodium saltfluorochrome
sodium molybdate(vi)
sodium molybdate(VI): RN given refers to molybdic acid, di-Na salt. sodium molybdate (anhydrous) : An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.		2.0310inorganic sodium saltpoison
nitrogen chloride
nitrogen chloride: strong irritant & lacrimator		2.0310nitrogen halide
d-lactic acid
(R)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.		2.41202-hydroxypropanoic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		4.5230trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
cupric nitrilotriacetate
cupric nitrilotriacetate: RN given returns to parent cpd		2.5220
3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate
3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate: RN & structure given in first source. 3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate : A carbamate ester that is carbamic acid in which the nitrogen has been substituted by a butyl group and in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group is replaced by a 1-iodoprop-2-yn-3-yl group. A fungicide, it is used as a preservative and sapstain control chemical in wood products and as a preservative in adhesives, paints, latex paper coating, plastic, water-based inks, metal working fluids, textiles, and numerous consumer products.		2.0310acetylenic compound;
carbamate ester;
carbamate fungicide;
organoiodine compound		antifungal agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline
2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline: strong mutagens found in broiled food; structure given in first source		1.9710aminoquinoline
f 7302
F 7302: structure given in first source		210piperidines
4-fluorofentanyl
4-fluorofentanyl: structure in first source. 4-fluorofentanyl : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		210monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines
acridine orange
Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.		2.0310aminoacridines;
aromatic amine;
tertiary amino compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
glycoluril
glycoluril: a compound made of two 2-imidazolidinone fused at the 4 and 5 positions		1.9910azabicycloalkane;
ureas
benzylaminopurine
benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.		1.97106-aminopurinescytokinin;
plant metabolite
ammonium peroxydisulfate
ammonium persulfate : An inorganic ammonium salt in which two of the terminal hydroxy groups of peroxydisulfuric acid are deprotonated and associated with ammonium ions as counter-cations.		2.4420
potassium phosphate
potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.		2.3620inorganic phosphate salt;
inorganic potassium salt
octyl glucoside
octyl-beta-D-glucoside: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside : An beta-D-glucoside in which the anomeric hydrogen of beta-D-glucopyranose is substituted by an octyl group.		2.6930beta-D-glucosideplant metabolite
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		6.95402hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.0210acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		3.89120D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.03102-benzofuransfluorochrome
ursolic acid
[no description available]		2.610hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		geroprotector;
plant metabolite
iodonitrotetrazolium
iodonitrotetrazolium chloride : An organic chloride salt having iodonitrotetrazolium as the counterion.. iodonitrotetrazolium : An organic cation that is the cationic component of iodonitrotetrazolium violet.		210organic chloride salthistological dye
cyclen
cyclen: macrocyclic polyamine metal-complexing agent. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane : An azacycloalkane that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.		2.5220azacycloalkane;
crown amine;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
cyclam
cyclam: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.520azacycloalkane;
crown amine;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		3.5380organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
thymidine 5'-triphosphate
thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.		3.0750pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-methylhistidine
3-methylhistidine: marker for myofibrillar-protein breakdown; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 3-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-3.. N(pros)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted by a methyl group at position 3 on the imidazole ring.		11.791424L-histidine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
baicalin
[no description available]		4.6111dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
abbott 77003
Abbott 77003: a symmetry-based inhibitor of HIV-1 protease		2.0110
amprenavir
[no description available]		2.0110carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		2.1310acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
5-methylcytosine
5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.		2.1310methylcytosine;
pyrimidines		human metabolite
thionine
thionine: do not confuse with the thionins which is a class of polypeptides; RN above is for the chloride;. thionine : An organic chloride salt composed of 3,7-diaminophenothiazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A strongly metachromatic dye, useful for the staining of acid mucopolysaccharides. It is also a common nuclear stain and can be used for the demonstration of Nissl substance in nerve cells of the CNS.		1.9710
2'-deoxyuridylic acid
2'-deoxyuridylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110deoxyuridine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		2.7330flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
n-acetylaspartic acid
N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.		4.5340N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-aspartic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol
4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210
deoxyuridine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.0110deoxyuridine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fluorexon
fluorexon: structure		3.3360xanthene dyefluorochrome
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.39202'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide
2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide: disulfide is an important moiety in this cpd. aldrithiol : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a pyridin-2-yldisulfanediyl group at position 2. It is a reagent used in molecular biology as an oxidizing agent. Also used in peptide synthesis and for detecting thiols.		1.9910organic disulfide;
pyridines		oxidising agent
norvaline
norvaline: differs from valine in being 1 carbon longer instead of branched; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-2-aminopentanoic acid : A 2-aminopentanoic acid that has S-configuration.		2.89402-aminopentanoic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent
chlorin
chlorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is obtained by formal hydrogenation across the 2,3-double bond of porphyrin.		2.730
phosphoramidic acid
phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds		3.4170phosphoric acid derivative
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9810
aica ribonucleotide
AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.		3.791101-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole		cardiovascular drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-nitrophenylgalactoside
4-nitrophenylgalactoside: RN refers to (beta-D)-isomer. 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactopyranoside having a 4-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.		1.9810beta-D-galactoside;
monosaccharide derivative		affinity label
kasugamycin
kasugamycin: experimental antimicrobial agent from Streptomyces kausugaensis; used in pseudomonas infections; interfers with protein synthesis in susceptible Escherichia coli. kasugamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is isolated from Streptomyces kasugaensis and exhibits antibiotic and fungicidal properties.		1.9610
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside: enzyme substrate for beta-galactosidase. 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside : An indolyl carbohydrate that is the beta-D-galactoside of 3-hydroxy-1H-indole in which the indole moiety is substituted at positions 4 and 5 by chlorine and bromine, respectively. It is used to test for the presence of an enzyme, beta-galactosidase, which cleaved the glycosidic bond to give 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1H-indole, which immediately dimerises to give an intensely blue product.		1.9910beta-D-galactoside;
D-aldohexose derivative;
indolyl carbohydrate;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound		chromogenic compound
metaperiodate
Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.		4.25190iodine oxoacid
rhodamine 110
rhodamine 110: RN given refers to chloride		2.9410
neocuproine
neocuproine: Spectrophotometric determination of copper and ultramicro blood sugar determinations; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. neocuproine : A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 9.		210phenanthrolineschelator;
copper chelator
fructose-1-phosphate
fructose-1-phosphate: RN in Chemline for alpha-D-fructopyranose-cpd:126-25-0; RN given refers to (D)-isomer. D-fructose 1-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of fructose 1-phosphate.. keto-D-fructose 1-phosphate : The open chain form of D-fructose 1-phosphate.		1.9910D-fructose 1-phosphate
o-(6)-methylguanine
O-(6)-methylguanine: structure. 6-O-methylguanine : A methylguanine in which the methyl group is positioned on the oxygen at position 6. Formed in DNA by alkylation of the oxygen atom of guanine, most often by N-nitroso compounds and sometimes due to methylation by other compounds such as endogenous S-adenosylmethionine, it base-pairs to thymine rather than cytidine, causing a G:C to A:T transition in DNA.. methylguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is guanine bearing a single methyl substituent.		2.0510methylguaninemutagen
2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid
2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid: also known as NeuAc2en, but this is also synonym for another compound. 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid : N-Acetylneuraminic acid reduced across the 2,3-bond with loss of the hydroxy group at C-2; it is a minor component of body fluids although abundant in sialuria.		2.0110N-acetylneuraminic acids
peroxynitric acid
[no description available]		2.420nitrogen oxoacid
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		3.2560glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
secoisolariciresinol
secoisolariciresinol: RN given refers to ((R-(R*,R*))-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89; precursor of lignans found in human urine; structure given in first source. secoisolariciresinol : A lignan that is butane-1,4-diol in which the 2 and 3 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups. (-)-secoisolariciresinol : An enantiomer of secoisolariciresinol having (-)-(2R,3R)-configuration.		7.1110secoisolariciresinolantidepressant;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
hypusine
hypusine: N-terminal amino alcohol deriv of Lys occurring in bovine brain & in the urine of children with familial hyperlysinemia; minor descriptor (75-82); online & Index Medicus search LYSINE/AA (75-82). hypusine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine bearing a (2R)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl substituent at position N(6).		3.1610
glucose-1-phosphate
glucose-1-phosphate: RN given refers to (alpha-D-Glc)-isomer. alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate : A D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.		2.0310D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		3.8110cephalosporinfungal metabolite
tetraiodothyroacetic acid
tetraiodothyroacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is thyroacetic acid carrying four iodo substituents at positions 3, 3', 5 and 5'.		1.99102-halophenol;
aromatic ether;
iodophenol;
monocarboxylic acid		apoptosis inducer;
human metabolite;
thyroid hormone
aloxistatin
aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.		1.9610epoxide;
ethyl ester;
L-leucine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticoronaviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor
phenosafranine
phenosafranine: structure. phenosafranine : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-diamino-5-phenylphenazin-5-ium as the counterion. It is commonly used for staining Gram negative bacteria red in smears to contrast with the blue Gram positive organisms.		1.9710organic chloride saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
photosensitizing agent
bicozamycin
bicozamycin : A commercially important azabicyclic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces sapporonensis. It inhibits the Rho protein of E. coli.		2.0310azabicycloalkane;
bridged compound		antibacterial agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
antiinfective agent
milnacipran
Milnacipran: A cyclopropanecarboxamide serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is used in the treatment of FIBROMYALGIA.		7.110acetamides
peroxyformic acid
peroxyformic acid: structure		2.3820
3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol
3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol: structure given in first source		210
perylenediimide
perylenediimide: structure in first source. perylenediimide : The 3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide derivative of perylene.		2.5320dicarboximide;
organic heteropolycyclic compound		fluorochrome
naphthalimides
Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.		2.5220
toxoflavin
toxoflavin: azapteridine antibiotic; structure. toxoflavin : A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7.		2.520carbonyl compound;
pyrimidotriazine		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
toxin;
virulence factor;
Wnt signalling inhibitor
salicylhydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.0210hydroxamic acid;
phenols		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug
thiochrome
thiochrome: structure		2.2510
benzeneboronic acid
[no description available]		1.9710boronic acids
porphine
porphine: structure given in first source		210
dioctadecylamine
[no description available]		1.9810
bromosuccinimide
Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).		9.36210dicarboximide;
organobromine compound;
pyrrolidinone		reagent
4-fluorobenzylamine
[no description available]		2.0110
n-acetyl-l-arginine
N-acetyl-L-arginine: has effect on convulsive seizures. N(alpha)-acetyl-L-arginine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is L-arginine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an acetyl group.		2.0210N-acetyl-L-amino acidhuman metabolite
2,4-diaminopyrimidine
2,6-diaminopyrimidine: structure in first source. pyrimidine-2,4-diamine : An aminopyrimidine in which a pyrimidine nucleus is substituted with amino groups at C-2 and C-4.		1.9710aminopyrimidine
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		4.59260phenanthroline
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		5.225101,2,3-triazole
1h-tetrazole
tetrazole : An azaarene that is a five-membered ring composed of 4 nitrogen and 1 carbon atom.. 2H-tetrazole : A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 2 position.		1.9810one-carbon compound;
tetrazole
diazobenzenesulfonic acid
diazobenzenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		7.8940
1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene: structure		1.9610
guanidinopropionic acid
guanidinopropionic acid: alters creatine metabolism; structure. 3-guanidinopropanoic acid : A guanidine compound bearing an N-(2-carboxyethyl) substituent. It is a creatine analogue that has been found to decreases plasma glucose levels		2.4420guanidines;
zwitterion		hypoglycemic agent
3-fluoropyruvate
3-fluoropyruvate: a substrate for E coli pyruvate dehydrogenase; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-fluoropyruvic acid : A pyruvic acid derivative having a 3-fluoro substituent.. 3-fluoropyruvate : The anion of 3-fluoropyruvic acid.		1.98102-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound
formamidine
formamidine: RN given refers to parent compound. formamidine : The smallest member of the class of carboxamidines being formic acid with the O and OH groups from the carboxy function replaced by NH and NH2 groups respectively. The parent of the class of formamidines.		1.9710carboxamidine;
formamidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone
monoacetylphloroglucinol: structure in first source. 2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone : A benzenetriol that is acetophenone in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 6 on the phenyl group are replaced by hydroxy groups. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of acidic glycans and glycopeptides.		2.110aromatic ketone;
benzenetriol;
methyl ketone		MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
isocoumarins
Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1.		1.9910isocoumarins
hydracrylic acid
3-hydroxypropionic acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.08103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
omega-hydroxy-short-chain fatty acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
coproporphyrin i
coproporphyrin I: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants; see also record for coproporphyrin III; zinc coproporphyrin I is fluorescent and a characteristic component of meconium		2.0310
n-acetyltyrosine
N-acetyl-L-tyrosine : An N-acetyltyrosine in which the chiral centre has L configuration.		2.4120N-acetyltyrosine;
N-acyl-L-tyrosine		biomarker;
EC 2.1.1.4 (acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite
guanidinoethane sulfonate
[no description available]		210guanidines;
organosulfonic acid;
zwitterion
silver
[no description available]		1.9910
arbekacin
arbekacin: structure given in first source. arbekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B bearing an N-(2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group on the aminocyclitol ring.		2.0210aminoglycoside;
kanamycins		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.2510organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
brinzolamide
brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent		2.4120sulfonamide;
thienothiazine		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid
3-hydroxyisovaleric acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Used as indicator of biotin deficiency.		1.98103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline: structure in first source. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline : A member of the class of quinolines that is the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative of quinoline.		2.0510quinolines
glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-glycine
[no description available]		2.4220
fructose-6-phosphate
fructose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fructose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position.		2.730D-fructose 6-phosphate
3-methylhistamine
3-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.8940
4(5)-phenylimidazole
4(5)-phenylimidazole: tautomeric cpd; cytochrome P450 14alpha-sterol demethylase, CYP51 antagonist		210
n-acetylhistamine
N-acetylhistamine : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide comprising histamine having an acetyl group attached to the side-chain amino function.		2.3820acetamides;
imidazoles		human metabolite
5-fluoroorotic acid
5-fluoroorotic acid: inhibits the dietary induction of serine dehydratase. 5-fluoroorotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic that is orotic acid which is substituted by fluorine at position 5. It is used in yeast molecular genetics to detect expression of the URA3 gene, which encodes orotine-5'-monophosphate dicarboxylase. A yeast with and active URA3 gene converts 5-fluoroorotic acid to fluorodeoxyuridine, which is toxic to cells.		2.420
3-chloroperbenzoic acid
3-chloroperbenzoic acid: oxidizing agent		210monochlorobenzenes;
peroxy acid
4-nitroperbenzoic acid
[no description available]		210
ethyl tyrosine ester
ethyl tyrosine ester: RN given refers to L-isomer. ethyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is L-tyrosine in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group has been replaced by an ethyl group.		1.9710ethyl ester;
L-tyrosyl ester
leucyltyrosine
leucyltyrosine: RN given refers to L-Tyr,L-Leu-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 4/93		2.420dipeptidemetabolite
5-imidazolepropionic acid
5-imidazolepropionic acid: competitive inhibitor of urocanase reaction which catalyzes conversion of urocanate into imidazolone propionate; structure. dihydrourocanic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 has been replaced by an imidazol-4-yl group.		4.3641imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid
tyrosine methyl ester
tyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is the methyl ester of L-tyrosine.		2.6830L-tyrosyl ester;
methyl ester
5-hydroxymethylcytosine
5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine : A nucleobase analogue that is cytosine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.1310aminopyrimidine;
aromatic primary alcohol;
nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
morpholinopropane sulfonic acid
3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.2 at 20 degreeC.		2.0110MOPS;
morpholines;
organosulfonic acid
3-(cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid
[no description available]		2.0210amine
carbobenzoxyphenylalanine
carbobenzoxyphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Phe)-isomer		1.9710
leucyl-glycyl-glycine
leucyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-leucine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.		2.420tripeptidemetabolite
acetylleucine
[no description available]		1.9710L-leucine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		metabolite
n-acetylglutamic acid
N-acetylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid : An N-acyl-L-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.		2.1110N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-glutamic acid		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
D-serine
[no description available]		210D-alpha-amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
D-alanine
[no description available]		210alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
D-alpha-amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
copper histidine
[no description available]		5.46190D-alpha-amino acid;
histidine;
polar amino acid zwitterion		Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
D-tyrosine
[no description available]		3.4670D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
D-alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine		Escherichia coli metabolite
dapoxetine
[no description available]		4.6111naphthalenes
tocophersolan
tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.5120tocol
D-valine
D-valine : The D-enantiomer of valine.		2.1710D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
D-alpha-amino acid;
valine
phenylalanine
[no description available]		5.5200D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
D-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		4.6111conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
clobuzarit
[no description available]		2.3720biphenyls;
organochlorine compound
aceclofenac
[no description available]		7.0510amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tritoqualine
tritoqualine: structure		2.3520isoquinolines
ubenimex
ubenimex: growth inhibitor		2.4420
zidovudine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.0210
oxetanocin a
oxetanocin: from Bacillus megaterium NK84-0218; structure given in first source. oxetanocin A : A nucleoside analogue found in Bacillus megaterium in which an adenine moiety is attached to position 2 of a of an oxetane ring which is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxymethyl groups.		2.1310diol;
nucleoside analogue;
oxetanes;
primary alcohol		anti-HIV agent;
antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		2.0110phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
4-o-methyl-12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
[no description available]		2.0510
a 76889
A 76889: backbone structure gvien in first source		2.0110
rpr 103611
RPR 103611: a statine derivative; structure given in first source		210
mesoporphyrin ix
mesoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; mesoheme is the iron salt of mesoporphyrin IX. mesoporphyrin IX : A member of the class of mesoporphyrins obtained by formal hydrogenation of the two vinyl groups in protoporphyrin.		2.420
uroporphyrin iii
[no description available]		7.110
methanesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.0110
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone
Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES. Acts as an alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.		3.5790sulfonic acid derivative
bes
2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 7.15 at 20 degreeC.		2101,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
amino sulfonic acid;
BES
5-diazouracil
5-diazouracil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		210
5-hydroxyuracil
5-hydroxyuracil: used in treatment of colonic adenocarcinoma		2.0210hydroxypyrimidine
nicosulfuron
nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.		2.2510N-sulfonylurea;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
fascaplysine
fascaplysine: from tropic sea sponges		2.0710
tryptanthrine
tryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing dai		2.1310alkaloid antibiotic;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
glycyl-histidyl-lysine
glycyl-histidyl-lysine: found in human plasma; promotes proliferation of hepatoma cells, lymphocytes & mycoplsma; maintains viability of hepatocytes, eosinophils and macrophages; inhibits growth of glial cells; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-His-Lys : A tripeptide composed of glycine, L-histidine and L-lysine residues joined in sequence.		2.8840tripeptidechelator;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
vulnerary
stictic acid
stictic acid: antioxidant from lichen, Usnea articulata; structure in first source		2.1310aromatic ether
2,2'-dipicolylamine
2,2'-dipicolylamine: structure in first source		2.7530
4-nitrophenyl palmitate
p-nitrophenyl palmitate : A palmitate ester obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of p-nitrophenol.		2.0210C-nitro compound;
hexadecanoate ester
oxazolidin-2-one
Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.		2.9140carbamate ester;
oxazolidinone		metabolite
ceric oxide
ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.		2.520cerium molecular entity;
metal oxide
5-bromocytosine
[no description available]		210
n-acetylhistidine
N-acetylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetylhistidine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens of the alpha-amino group is substituted by an acetyl group.. N-acetyl-L-histidine : A histidine derivative that is L-histidine having an acetyl substituent on the alpha-nitrogen.		7.27540L-histidine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acetylhistidine		animal metabolite
2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid
alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is isobutyric acid in which the alpha-hydrogen has been replaced by a methylamino group.		4.5780alanine derivative;
alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		human urinary metabolite
methylimidazoleacetic acid
methylimidazoleacetic acid: urinary metabolite of histamine & end product of histamine metabolism; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl group.. 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.6530imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		GABA agonist;
metabolite
4-nitrophenyl butyrate
p-nitrophenyl butyrate : A butyrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 4-nitrophenol with the carboxy group of butyric acid.		2.7330butyrate ester;
C-nitro compound
4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide
4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide : An organic disulfide obtained by formal oxidative dimerisation of 4-thiopyridine.		2.9140organic disulfide;
pyridines
2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine
2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine: histamine H1 receptor agonist inducing cross-tolerance to histamine; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		4.28180aminoalkylpyridine;
primary amine		histamine agonist;
metabolite
butyl isocyanide
[no description available]		2.0510
6-carboxyfluorescein
6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein		210monocarboxylic acid
leucylleucine
Leu-Leu : A dipeptide formed from two L-leucine residues.		2.420dipeptide;
L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phenylalanylleucine
phenylalanylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9710dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		plant metabolite
benzoyltyrosine ethyl ester
ethyl N-benzoyl-L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosine derivative that is the ethyl ester of N-benzoyltyrosine.		210benzamides;
ethyl ester;
L-tyrosine derivative;
phenols		chromogenic compound
enpiperate
enpiperate: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710
n-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate
N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate: reagent for rapid modification of carboxyl groups in proteins; structure		3.68100
methyl tryptophan, (l-trp)-isomer
[no description available]		2.6830
ribose-5-phosphate
ribose-5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.3920D-ribose 5-phosphate
2-(n-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid
2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 6.15 at 20 degreeC.		2.0210MES;
organosulfonic acid;
zwitterion
1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole
[no description available]		2.0110imidazoles
methylthioethanol
2-methylthioethanol : A primary alcohol that is the S-methyl derivative of mercaptoethanol. It is found as a volatile component in Cucumis melo Var. cantalupensis.		2.0210aliphatic sulfide;
primary alcohol		plant metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
pyruvamide
[no description available]		7.3720
tricine
N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 8.15 at 20 degreeC.		2.7130tricine
n-hydroxysuccinimide
N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure		2.0310
4-nitrophenyl sulfate
4-nitrophenyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-nitrophenyl hydrogen sulfate : An aryl sulfate the mono 4-nitrophenyl ester of sulfuric acid.. 4-nitrophenyl sulfate : An aryl sulfate oxoanion resulting from the deprotonation of the sulfooxy group of 4-nitrophenyl hydrogen sulfate. The major microspecies at pH 7.3.		1.9610aryl sulfate;
C-nitro compound		human metabolite
leucyl-alanine
Leu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.420dipeptidemetabolite
gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide
gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for glutaminase B.; RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9910
tryptophan ethyl ester
tryptophan ethyl ester: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		1.9710
2-bromopalmitate
2-bromopalmitate: inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-bromohexadecanoic acid : A bromo fatty acid that is hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid carrying a single bromo substituent at position 2.		3.13102-bromocarboxylic acid;
bromo fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain fatty acid		fatty acid oxidation inhibitor
brown fk
Brown FK: mixture of 2,4-diamino-5-(p-sulfophenylazo)toluene and 1,3-diamino-4,6-bis(p-sulfophenylazo)benzene		1.9510
alanine methyl ester
alanine methyl ester: RN refers to (L-Ala)-isomer		2.0710
leucyl-leucyl-leucine
leucyl-leucyl-leucine: RN given refers to (L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Leu-Leu : A tripeptide formed from three L-leucine residues.		2.420tripeptidemetabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structure		210catechols;
primary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
4-phenylbutylamine
4-phenylbutylamine: used as a drug partition into lipid bilayers in a cubic liquid-crystalline phase. 4-phenylbutylamine : A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.		2.0110benzenes;
phenylalkylamine;
primary amino compound
hypobromous acid
[no description available]		2.7330bromine oxoacid
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine: reagent for making polymers; structure in first source		2.0410
biocytin
biocytin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of biotin with the N(6)-amino group of L-lysine.		1.9910azabicycloalkane;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-lysine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thiabicycloalkane;
ureas		mouse metabolite
d-aspartic acid
[no description available]		2.4720aspartic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid		mouse metabolite
bromates
Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.		3.1450bromine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
cp094
1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one: structure given in first source		2.4320
tyrosylleucine
[no description available]		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
coenzyme a
[no description available]		10.87320adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphatecoenzyme;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-(2-aminoethyl)thiazole
2-(2-aminoethyl)thiazole: receptor H1 agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4201,3-thiazoles
Trp-Trp
tryptophyltryptophan: an antigelation agent. Trp-Trp : A dipeptide formed from two L-tryptophan residues.		1.9710dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
n-acetyltyrosine, (dl)-isomer
N-acetyltyrosine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyltyrosine : An N-acetyl-amino acid that is tyrosine with an amine hydrogen substituted by an acetyl group.		2.9340N-acetyl-amino acid;
phenols;
tyrosine derivative		human urinary metabolite
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		12.12923-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		4.94380iditolfungal metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylglyoxal
4-hydroxyphenylglyoxal: used to determine available arginine residues in proteins		1.9610
dichlorprop methyl ester
[no description available]		2.0610
6-phosphogluconic acid
gluconic acid-6-phosphate: structure. 6-phospho-D-gluconate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid.. 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid phosphate having the phosphate group at the 6-position. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.		2.6930gluconic acid phosphatefundamental metabolite
cadmium telluride
cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device		3.2450
cholesterylamine
cholesterylamine: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 3/92		2.0310
cytidylyl-3',5'-adenosine
cytidylyl adenosine: CPA removed as SY because it is also used as an abbreviation for N6-cyclopentyladenosine, CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE, and cyclopiazonic acid		2.3820nucleoside analogue;
purines
2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)
2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile): free radical initiator in liposome systems		1.9710
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		11.25280amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310nucleoside triphosphate analogue
methylglucoside
[no description available]		2.6930
1,5-i-aedans
1,5-I-AEDANS: fluorescent probes which are sulfhydryl reagents; combine reactivity of iodoacetamide toward sulfhydryl groups with spectral properties of naphthalenesulfonic acids; structure. 5-{[2-(iodoacetamido)ethyl]amino}naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : An aminonaphthalenesulfonic acid fluorophore with a structure consisting of ethylenediamine substituted on the nitrogens with iodoacetyl and 5-sulfonyl-1-naphthyl groups.		2.3920aminonaphthalenesulfonic acidfluorescent probe
4-n,n-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonyl chloride
4-N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonyl chloride: chromophoric labelling reagent for amino acids, peptides, proteins; structure		1.9910
sk&f 95282
zolantidine: structure given in first source		3.150piperidines
sarsasapogenin
[no description available]		2.0110sapogenin
thiomethylgalactoside
[no description available]		1.9810
1-methylhistidine
1-methylhistidine: found in muscle proteins; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 1-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-1.. N(tele)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative in which the methyl group is at N(tele)-position.		4.83340L-histidine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite
succinyl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		1.9710omega-carboxyacyl-CoAEscherichia coli metabolite;
inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylglycine
4-hydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine molecule carrying a 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent.		210hydroxy-amino acidbacterial metabolite
phospho-l-arginine
phospho-L-arginine: inhibits pyruvate kinase. N(omega)-phospho-L-arginine : An arginine derivative that is L-arginine substituted by a phosphono group at N(omega)-position.		2.8940L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		animal metabolite
acetoacetyl coa
[no description available]		2.37203-oxo-fatty acyl-CoAEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycyltryptophan
glycyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Trp : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-tryptophan residues.		2.420dipeptidemetabolite
D-dopa
D-dopa : The D-enantiomer of dopa.		4.19160amino acid zwitterion;
D-tyrosine derivative;
dopa
triazolealanine
triazolealanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triazolealanine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl group.		3.0650non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
triazoles
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.99107-aminocoumarinsfluorochrome
phenylacetylglutamine
N(2)-phenylacetyl-L-glutamine : An a N(2)-phenylacetylglutamine having L-configuration.		3.2310N(2)-phenylacetylglutaminehuman metabolite
2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid
2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid: inhibits iron-containing nitrile hydratases		2.6730
melanotan-ii
melanotan-II: synthetic cyclic heptapeptide, an analog of alpha-melanotropin (4,10); capable of stimulating melanin synthesis & promoting rapid tanning of skin; currently in trials for use in the prevention of sunlight-induced skin cancer		2.0110organic molecular entity
lopinavir
[no description available]		4.6111amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-propanone
1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-one : A secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone that is benzene which is substituted by a 1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl group at position 1.		2.1110benzenes;
methyl ketone;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
glycyltyrosine
Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
n-epsilon-acetyllysine
N(6)-acetyl-L-lysine : An N(6)-acyl-L-lysine where the N(6)-acyl group is specified as acetyl.		2.420acetyl-L-lysine;
amino acid zwitterion;
N(6)-acyl-L-lysine		human metabolite
glycylleucine
Gly-Leu : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-leucine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.420dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
histidine methyl ester
histidine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. histidine methyl ester : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of histidine.		4.02140histidine derivative
n(alpha)-acetyllysine
N(alpha)-acetyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. acetyl-L-lysine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-lysine.. N(2)-acetyl-L-lysine : An acetyl-L-lysine where the acetyl group is located at the N(2)-posiiton.		2.4220acetyl-L-lysine;
amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite
arginine methyl ester
arginine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.0710alpha-amino acid ester
uridylyl-(3'-5')-adenosine
[no description available]		2.3920nucleoside analogue;
purines
glycyl-l-phenylalanine
glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Gly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues.		2.420dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		human metabolite;
metabolite
4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside
4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside: RN given refers to (alpha)-anomer; see also (beta)-anomers: 29857-05-4, 2492-87-7; cpd with unspecified anomer: 5779-46-4. 4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-glucoside : An alpha-D-glucoside that is beta-D-glucopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy hydrogen is replaced by a 4-nitrophenyl group.		2.1510alpha-D-glucoside;
C-nitro compound;
monosaccharide derivative		chromogenic compound
droxidopa
Droxidopa: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.. droxidopa : A serine derivative that is L-serine substituted at the beta-position by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group. A prodrug for noradrenalone, it is used for treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension		3.7730catechols;
L-tyrosine derivative		antihypertensive agent;
prodrug;
vasoconstrictor agent
6-chloropurine riboside
[no description available]		1.9710
norcantharidin
norcantharidin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpds without isomeric designation		210furofuran
glycidyl nitrate
glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.		3.5380
aspartyl-phenylalanine
aspartyl-phenylalanine: metabolite of aspartame; may inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme; RN given refers to all (L)-isomer		2.0510dipeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
glycylsarcosine
glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.		3.97130dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
1,8-i-aedans
1,8-I-AEDANS: fluorescent probes which are sulfhydryl reagents; combine reactivity of iodoacetamide toward sulfhydryl groups with spectral properties of naphthalenesulfonates; structure		1.9610
dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate)
dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate): used to study interactions of structural proteins; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0210
stearoyl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		2.111011,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA;
long-chain fatty acyl-CoA		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arabitol
arabitol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. arabinitol : A pentitol that is the sugar alcohol produced by the reduction of arabinose or lyxose. It is found in serum or urine of human infected with Candida albicans.. D-arabinitol : The D-enantiomer of arabinitol.		2.0210arabinitol
erythrose
D-erythrose : The D-enantiomer of erythrose.		2.420erythroseplant metabolite
n-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester
N-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9710
n-acetyltryptophanamide
[no description available]		1.9810acetamides;
L-tryptophan derivative;
primary carboxamide;
secondary carboxamide
leucylleucine
leucylleucine: RN given refers to (DL-Leu-DL-Leu)-isomer		2.0510peptide
pyrimidine dimers
Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.		2.9140
cortisol octanoate
[no description available]		2.0310corticosteroid hormone
hippuryl-histidyl-leucine
hippuryl-histidyl-leucine: synthetic substrate for angiotensin converting enzyme; used in affinity chromatography		1.9510
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		3.1250D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
6-fluorotryptophan
6-fluorotryptophan: an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410indolyl carboxylic acid
2-methylglutamic acid
2-methylglutamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0810
2,2-dimethyl-beta-alanine
[no description available]		2.730
imidazoleacetic acid
imidazoleacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without specific location of acetic acid attachment identified; structure. imidazol-5-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-5-yl group.. imidazol-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-4-yl group.		3.71100imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphoramide mustard
[no description available]		1.9810nitrogen mustard;
phosphorodiamide
1-methylguanosine
1-methylguanosine : Guanosine substituted with a methyl group at position N-1.		1.9710methylguanosinemetabolite
nitrophenylgalactosides
Nitrophenylgalactosides: Includes ortho-, meta-, and para-nitrophenylgalactosides.. 2-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactoside having a 2-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.		3.0950beta-D-galactoside;
C-nitro compound		chromogenic compound
alanylphenylalanine
alanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Ala-L-PheAla)-isomer		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine
glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source		2.420oligopeptide
glycyl-glycyl-proline
Gly-Gly-Pro : A tripeptide composed of glycine, glycine and L-proline amino acids joined in sequence by peptide linkages.		2.0510tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide
o-methyltyrosine
O-methyltyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. O-methyltyrosine : A tyrosine derivative that is tyrosine in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring is substituted by a methoxy group.		2.0210monomethoxybenzene;
tyrosine derivative
glycylaspartic acid
glycylaspartic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
benzoylphenylalanine
N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine : An N-acyl-L-phenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a benzoyl group.		2.03102-(benzoylamino)-3-phenylpropanoic acid;
N-acyl-L-phenylalanine
glycyl-histidyl-glycine
[no description available]		2.0510oligopeptide
hexylglutathione
S-hexylglutathione : An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the hydrogen of the thiol has been replaced by a hexyl group (PDB entry: 1PN9).		1.9810S-substituted glutathione
beta-guanidinobutyric acid
beta-guanidinobutyric acid: creatine antagonist		210
3,4-dehydroproline
3,4-dehydroproline: RN given refers to cpd without stereoisomeric designation		1.9610
n-glycylglutamic acid
N-glycylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Glu : A dipeptide formed from glycyl and L-glutamic acid residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
poly-o-acetylserine
O-acetylserine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. O-acetyl-L-serine : An acetyl-L-serine where the acetyl group is attached to the side-chain oxygen. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the amino acid cysteine in bacteria.		2.0310acetate ester;
acetyl-L-serine;
amino acid zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
zpck
ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin		1.9810
alpha-bromo-beta-(5-imidazolyl)propionic acid
[no description available]		1.9510
n-benzoylhistidine
N-benzoylhistidine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		2.3820
foxes
Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.		2.4520
kemptide
[no description available]		1.9810
n-acetyldopamine
N-acetyldopamine : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of acetic acid with the amino group of dopamine. A dopamine metabolite.		2.4120acetamides;
catechols;
N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine;
secondary carboxamide		human urinary metabolite;
marine metabolite
n-hydroxysuccinimide suberic acid ester
disuccinimidyl suberate: used as protein cross-linking agent		2.0310
pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.4110pyrrolecarboxylic acidmetabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
serine hydroxamate
serine hydroxamate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. serine hydroxamate : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of serine with the amino group of hydroxylamine.		2.6830hydroxamic acid;
serine derivative		EC 6.1.1.11 (serine--tRNA ligase) inhibitor
histidylglycine
histidylglycine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. His-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and glycine residues.		2.420dipeptidemetabolite
histidinoalanine
histidinoalanine: cross-linking amino acid in calcified tissue collagen; RN given refers to (L)-isomer		6.9610dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
3'-uridylic acid
3'-uridylic acid: structure in first source; main heading URIDINE MONOPHOSPHATE refers to 5'-uridylic acid. 3'-UMP : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.		2.420pyrimidine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate;
uridine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite
adenylyl-(2'-5')-adenosine
A2'p5'A : A (2'->5')-dinucleotide in which the two nucleoside components connected by the (2'->5')-phosphodiester linkage are adenosine.		2.0110(2'->5')-dinucleotide
octaethylporphyrin
octaethylporphyrin: structure in first source		2.0710
benzyloxyamine
benzyloxyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		6.9410
n-acetyltryptophan methyl ester
N-acetyltryptophan methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9610
suphepa
Suphepa: used for the determination of chymotrypsin in stools in diagnosis of pancreatic disease		2.1710
lanthionine
lanthionine: a thioether analogue of cystine; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; structure; a component of lantibiotics (BACTERIOCINS). lanthionine : An alanine derivative in which two alanine residues are linked on their beta-carbons by a thioether linkage.		2.0110alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		bacterial metabolite
alanylhistidine
alanylhistidine: RN refers to all (L)-isomer		2.0110
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		8.622170cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine
p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.		4.3200aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		metabolite
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source		2.4120polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer		2.0110
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system		3.1450oligopeptide
copper
cuprous ion: RN given refers to Cu(1+)		7.6920copper cation;
monoatomic monocation		cofactor
vitamin b 6
Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.		2.6730
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		2.4420beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
quin2
Quin2: fluorescent highly selective Ca indicator, binding Ca 1:1; structure given in first source		1.9610
s-nitrosoglutathione
[no description available]		1.9810glutathione derivative;
nitrosothio compound		bronchodilator agent;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
signalling molecule
u 74389f
U 74389F: a 21-aminosteroid antioxidant (lazaroids); inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; structure in first source		210
cp 96345
CP 96345: structure given in first source; potent nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P (NK1) receptor; CP 96344 is enantiomer of CP 96345		7.6730
2-(2-cresyl)-4h-1-3-2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2-oxide
2-(2-cresyl)-4H-1-3-2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2-oxide: cyclic metabolite of tri-o-cresyl phosphate; synergist for cholinesterase inhibitors		2.4820
1,n(6)-ethenoadenine
1,N(6)-ethenoadenine: biologically active fluorescent derivatives of this cpd potentially valuable in studies concerning interactions between adenine cpds & various enzymes for which they serve as substrates or co-factors; structure		4.6111imidazo[2,1-i]purinemutagen
fructose 2,6-diphosphate
fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		2.420D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
artesunic acid
[no description available]		2.3110
cyanates
Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).		3.4680
(3h)2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane
(1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer		2.730
s-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)cysteine
S-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)cysteine: toxic to human proximal tubular cells		1.9710
indo-1
indo-1: structure given in first source		2.0210indolesfluorochrome
pyridinoline
pyridinoline: 3-hydroxypyridinium derivative collagen crosslink; structure		4.6561organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
deoxypyridinoline
deoxypyridinoline: structure given in first source		4.341
3,4-dihydroxypyridine
3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone: structure in first source		1.98104-pyridones;
dihydroxypyridine
fura-2-am
fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2		2.0510
valylvaline
valylvaline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Val-Val : A dipeptide formed from two L-valine residues.		2.420dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
thiamethoxam
Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.		4.61111,3-thiazoles;
2-nitroguanidine derivative;
organochlorine compound;
oxadiazane		antifeedant;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
neonicotinoid insectide;
xenobiotic
indenestrol
[no description available]		1.9910
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source		2.72301,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one
7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one: structure given in first source; RP 68651 is the inactive (3aS,7aS)-isomer; substance P antagonist		1.9810
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol
[no description available]		1.9910
6-hydroxydopa
6-hydroxydopa: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9810non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane
1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane: structure in first source		2.0410
enkephalin, ser(2), leu(5), thr(6)-
enkephalin, Ser(2), Leu(5), Thr(6)-: specific probe for the delta-opiate receptor subtype in brain membranes		2.3820oligopeptide
1,n(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine
1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine: structure & RN given in first source		1.9810carbohydrate derivative;
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
sr 95531
[no description available]		2.0510methoxybenzenes
dityrosine
dityrosine: o,o'-biphenol analog of tyrosine; isolated from insoluble protein of human cataractous lenses; structure. dityrosine : A biphenyl compound comprising two tyrosine residues linked at carbon-3 of their benzene rings.		2.7230biphenyls;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		biomarker
epicatechin gallate
epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.		2.0310catechin;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
phosphites
Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.		2.7630phosphite ion;
trivalent inorganic anion
2-hydroxyethylvaline
2-hydroxyethylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 11/88		2.3820
n(delta)-(n-methyl-n-nitrosocarbamoyl)-l-ornithine
[no description available]		2.4110
bretazenil
bretazenil: RN given for (S) isomer		2.0110
(2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate
(2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for bromide; used in dopamine analysis		3.2660
parinaric acid
parinaric acid: long-chain polyenoic fatty acid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. parinaric acid : An octadecatetraenoic acid containing a conjugated system of double bonds at positions 9, 11, 13 and 15.		2.0410octadecatetraenoic acid
n-chlorotaurine
N-chlorotaurine: inhibits both inducible nitric oxide synthase and IkappaB kinase		1.9810
alpha-methylphenylalanine
alpha-methylphenylalanine: induces chronic hyperphenylalaninemia in suckling rats; models for the study of inborn errors of metabolism; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.4920benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
benzamil
[no description available]		2.0210guanidines;
pyrazines
senktide
[no description available]		2.0510
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		2.69302-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
octopine
D-octopine : The (1R)-1-carboxyethyl derivative of L-arginine. It is a metabolite released by plant tumours.		1.9510amino acid opine;
amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
D-arginine derivative;
guanidines;
secondary amino compound		animal metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
ci 988
PD 134308: selective cholecystokinin type B receptor antagonist; inhibits growth of LoVo, a human colon cancer cell line; structure given in first source		1.9910
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		2.3820
tadalafil
[no description available]		2.0310benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
beta-lumicolchicine
Lumicolchicines: Three, alpha, beta, and gamma isomers of ultraviolet degradation products of colchicine that lack many of the physiological actions of the parent; used as experimental control for colchicine actions.		1.9810
prolinamide
prolinamide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-prolinamide : The carboxamide derivative of L-proline.		2.0510amino acid amide;
L-proline derivative;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide
anserine
Anserine: A dipeptide containing BETA-ALANINE.. anserine : A dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units.		9.57561beta-alanine derivative;
dipeptide;
zwitterion		animal metabolite;
mouse metabolite
leucinamide
leucinamide: leucine aminopeptidase alternative substrate to leucyl beta naphthylamide; RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		2.0110
1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol
RV 538: noninactivating inhibitor of ceramide-UDPG glucosyltransferase; RN given for unspecified HCl; structure given in first source		210
homoorientin
homoorientin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source		2.4110flavone C-glycoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
radical scavenger
valerates
Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.		3.4580short-chain fatty acid anion;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		plant metabolite
monobromobimane
monobromobimane: fluorescent when reacted with thiol group; RN & N1 from CA Vol 91 Form Index; inhibits platelet calcium-dependent protease activity & the ability of dibucaine-stimulated platelets to support factor X activation; structure in first source. monobromobimane : A pyrazolopyrazole that consists of 1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,7-dione bearing three methyl substituents at positions 2, 5 and 6 as well as a bromomethyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.0510organobromine compound;
pyrazolopyrazole		fluorochrome
selenomethylselenocysteine
selenomethylselenocysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.2110non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
selenocysteines		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite
dodecyl-beta-d-maltoside
dodecyl beta-D-maltoside : A glycoside resulting from attachment of a dodecyl group to the reducing-end anomeric centre of a beta-maltose molecule.		2.9240disaccharide derivative;
glycoside		detergent
zinc coproporphyrin iii
coproporphyrin III: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; see also record for coproporphyrin I		1.9910
fe(ii)-edta
Fe(II)-EDTA: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810iron coordination entity
5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furancarboxylic acid
5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furancarboxylic acid: has antineoplastic activity; structure. 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid : A member of the class of furans that is 2-furoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a tetradecyloxy group.		2.0310aromatic ether;
furoic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor;
PPARalpha agonist
dihydro-dids
[no description available]		1.9810
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine-chloromethyl ketone: do not confuse with Pro-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl or with Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl, both sometimes also referred to as PPACK		1.9810
brassinolide
brassinolide: plant growth promoting steroidal lactone from rape pollen; RN given refers to (2alpha,3alpha,5alpha,22R,23R,24S)-isomer; structure in first source		1.991022-hydroxy steroid;
23-hydroxy steroid;
2alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
brassinosteroid		plant growth stimulator;
plant hormone
3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate
3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: purinergic receptors agonist; structure given in first source		2.0710purine ribonucleoside triphosphate
4'-phosphopantetheine
D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate : Pantetheine 4'-phosphate with D (R) configuration at the 2' position.		2.730pantetheine 4'-phosphateprosthetic group
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid: amino acid analog; releases insulin; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation		2.8940monoterpenoid
me 2303
ME 2303: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-cis)-isomer		1.9910
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313)
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313): from Bacillus stearothermophilus		2.0210
chymosin
Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.		8.4580
4'-hydroxydiclofenac
4'-hydroxydiclofenac: metabolite of diclofenac; structure in first source. 4'-hydroxydiclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 4'-hydroxylated metabolite of diclofenac.		2.0710dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
secondary amino compound		allergen;
drug metabolite
thiodigalactoside
thiodigalactoside: RN given refers to beta-D-galactopyranoside (D-Gal)-isomer		1.9910
3-deoxy-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid
3-deoxy-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid: a component of cell wall lipopolysaccharide; artifacts in mass spectrometric analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae; structure in first source. 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate : A carbohydrate acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid		2.05103-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid
cp 115953
CP 115953: enhances topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage; structure given in first source		1.9810
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		4.1460fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.		2.4320phosphine derivative;
tricarboxylic acid		reducing agent
s-lactoylglutathione
[no description available]		2.0510
ru 39411
RU 39411: inhibits tamoxifen-stimulated growth of an MCF-7 tumor variant; structure given in first source		2.0110
pentosidine
pentosidine: structure given in first source. pentosidine : An imidazopyridine having norleucine and ornithine residues attached via their side-chains at the 4- and 2-positions respectively.		2.3920imidazopyridine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		biomarker;
cross-linking reagent
gr 73632
GR 73632: neurokinin receptor agonist		2.0210
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source. DOTA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 of a twelve-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.		2.0710azamacrocyclechelator;
copper chelator
medica 16
MEDICA 16 : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is hexadecanedioic acid carrying methyl groups at positions 3 and 14. It is a free fatty acid 1 (FFA1/GPR40) receptor agonist and an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor, and exhibits hypolipidemic and antidiabetogenic properties.		2.0310alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidantilipemic drug;
EC 2.3.3.8 (ATP citrate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 6.4.1.2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) inhibitor;
G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
hypoglycemic agent
phytosphingosine
phytosphingosine: differ with an additional hydroxyl at C-4 & no double bond between C-4 & C-5		2.0210amino alcohol;
sphingoid;
triol		mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii, sar(1)-ile(5)-
angiotensin II, Sar(1)-Ile(5)-: RN given refers to (5-L-Ile)-isomer		1.9710
7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole
[no description available]		1.9910
substance p (6-11)
substance P (6-11): C-terminal hexapeptide of substance P		1.9710
delta-hydroxylysylnorleucine
delta-hydroxylysylnorleucine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		5.15111
benzoyl-coenzyme a
benzoyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.1510
sulforhodamine 101
[no description available]		2.0510organic heteroheptacyclic compoundfluorochrome
inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate
[no description available]		2.0210
tryptophan methyl ester
tryptophan methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd(DL)-isomer		2.1110
2-carboxyarabinitol 1,5-biphosphate
[no description available]		1.9610ribonic acid phosphate
4-(n-(iodoacetoxy)ethyl-n-methyl)amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole
4-(N-(iodoacetoxy)ethyl-N-methyl)amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole: fluorescent probe		1.9810
4-aminophenylphosphate
4-aminophenylphosphate: RN refers to di-Ag salt; structure given in first source		210
glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine
glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine: from sponge & sea anemone collagen		2.2110
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoethyl)carbodiimide: carboxyl modifying agent		2.4120
2-o-rhamnopyranosyl-rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxyldecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate
2-O-rhamnopyranosyl-rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxyldecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate: rhamnolipid biosurfactant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2; active in removing hydrophobic cpds from soil; structure in first source		210
imidodiphosphonic acid
imidodiphosphonic acid: in combination with technetrium, a superior radiopharmaceutical for myocardial infarct imaging; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3920
phenoxy radical
phenoxy radical : An organic radical generated from phenol.		2.0510organic radical
carbene
carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).		3.8100carbene;
methanediyl
phosphoramide
phosphoramide: RN given refers to triamide. phosphoramide : A compound in which one or more of the OH groups of phosphoric acid have been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group. The term is commonly confined to the phosphoric triamides, P(=O)(NR2)3, since replacement of one or two OH groups produces phosphoramidic acids: P(=O)(OH)(NR2)2 , P(=O)(OH)2(NR2).		2.110
hydronium ion
[no description available]		7.1310onium cation;
oxygen hydride
peroxynitrous acid
Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).		6.74101nitrogen oxoacid
perchlorate
perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid.		2.5220chlorine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
fullerene c60
Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.		3.1250fullerenegeroprotector
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		5.2331methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib
[no description available]		4.6111aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
2-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9810
2-nitrophenylgalactoside
2-nitrophenylgalactoside: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.1510
chromozym th
chromozym TH: synthetic substrate for thrombin which acts on it to liberate p-nitroaniline (yellow color)		1.9810
5-(2-aminoadipyl)cysteinylvaline
5-(2-aminoadipyl)cysteinylvaline: tripeptide present in fermentations of Penicillium chrysogenum; RN given refers to ((D-Val)-(S))-isomer		1.9710
tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine
tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to L-isomer; this may not be the same as IMREG-1. Tyr-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-tyrosine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.		2.0510tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide		metabolite
n,n',n''-triacetylchitotriose
N,N',N''-triacetylchitotriose: used for affinity chromatography of potato lectin when coupled to Sepharose; structure		2.1310N-acyl-hexosamine
galactosyl-(1-3)galactose
galactosyl-(1-3)galactose: RN given refers to (alpha-D)-isomer		2.0110O-acyl carbohydrate
proctolin
proctolin: neurotransmitter in arthropods or invertebrates		1.9910
cgp 42112a
CGP 42112A: a hexapeptide analog of angiotensin II; activation of Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 results in vasodilation. CGP-42112A : A hexapeptide consisting of L-tyrosine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-proline and L-isoleucine amino acid residues coupled in sequence and in which the amino group of the L-tyrosyl residue is substituted by a (pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)nitrilo group and in which the L-lysyl side chain amino group is substituted by a {N(2)-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-L-arginyl}nitrilo group. It is a potent angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2 receptor) agonist.		210benzyl ester;
oligopeptide;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiotensin receptor agonist;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
vasodilator agent
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)-
Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.		2.1510amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin		vasodilator agent
2-chloro-n(6)cyclopentyladenosine
2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine: highly selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors		210
5,5'-bis(8-(phenylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonate)
[no description available]		2.3920
angiotensin ii, des-asp(1)-des-arg(2)-ile(5)-
angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-: 3-8 hexapeptide fragment of angiotensin II; smallest potent angiotensin II antagonist		3.1650organic molecular entity
5-iodoacetamidofluorescein
[no description available]		210
citrate phosphate dextrose
citrate phosphate dextrose: anticoagulant used in blood preservation		2.1110
2-(2-(5-carboxy)oxazole)-5-hydroxy-6-aminobenzofuran-n,n,o-triacetic acid
2-(2-(5-carboxy)oxazole)-5-hydroxy-6-aminobenzofuran-N,N,O-triacetic acid: structure given in first source		1.9810
n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine
N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine: fluorescent probe for membrane lipids		210
antibiotic g 418
antibiotic G 418: from Micromonospora rhodorangea		1.9910
3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate
3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazine)propionate: structural analog of gamma-butyrobetaine, also of carnitine; antianginal compound; MET-88 is dihydrate; structure given in first source. meldonium : An ammonium betaine that is beta-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a trimethylamino group. A clinically used cardioprotective drug that is used for treatment of heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis and diabetes.		2.0610ammonium betainecardioprotective agent;
EC 1.14.11.1 (gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
6-hydroxydopa quinone
6-hydroxydopa quinone: structure given in first source; quinoid cofactor of quinoproteins; RN given refers to the 4-hydroxy-3,6-dioxo- tautomer. L-topaquinone : A topaquinone that has S configuration.		3.2560
benzoylarginine ethyl ester
benzoylarginine ethyl ester: used as substrate for trypsin; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.		6.2260dichlorobenzene;
differentiation-inducing factor;
monomethoxybenzene;
resorcinols		eukaryotic metabolite;
signalling molecule
n(omega)-hydroxyarginine
N(omega)-hydroxyarginine: can cause vasorelaxation of bovine intrapulmonary artery; structure given in first source. N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine : An N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine in which the double bond has Z-configuration.		2.420amino acid zwitterion;
N(5)-[(E)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine;
N(5)-[(hydroxyamino)(imino)methyl]ornithine;
N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine;
N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]-L-ornithine;
N(5)-[amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithine;
N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine
phosphohistidine
phosphohistidine: RN given refers to N-phosphono-L-histidine		9.71320
glycylglutamine
glycylglutamine: inhibitory neuropeptide derived from beta-endorphin; RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.4420dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite;
protective agent
statine
statine: amine component of pepstatin; structure		2.3720
methyl 4-mercaptobutyrimidate
methyl 4-mercaptobutyrimidate: used as a cross-linking agent to study ribosomal proteins, by making disulfide linkages; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510organonitrogen compound;
oxoacid derivative
3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide
[no description available]		1.9810organic molecular entity
gamma-glutamylcysteine
L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine : A molecular entity formed when L-cysteine amino group binds to the gamma-carbonyl of L-glutamic acid.		2.5520gamma-glutamylcysteineEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
9-o-acetyl-n-acetylneuraminic acid
[no description available]		1.9810N-acetyl-O-acetylneuraminic acid
peroxyoxalate
[no description available]		2.4720
dehydroalanine
2-ammonioprop-2-enoate : An amino acid zwitterion resulting from a transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the amino group of 2-aminoacrylic acid.. 2-aminoacrylic acid : A 2,3-dehydroamino acid that is alanine which has been dehydrogenated to introduce a double bond between positions 2 and 3.		3.07102,3-dehydroamino acid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
enamine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		alkylating agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
coenzyme f420
coenzyme gamma-F420-2 : The amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of F420-0 with the amino group of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid.		2.0110
5,5'-dihydroxylysylnorleucine
[no description available]		3.3670
nitrosylprotoheme
nitrosylprotoheme: from reaction of nitrite & heme; structure in first source		2.0110
chloroterpyridineplatinum(ii)
[no description available]		2.0110
hypothiocyanite ion
hypothiocyanous acid : A sulfur oxoacid that is sulfenic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the sulfur has been replaced by a cyano group.		2.0710one-carbon compound;
sulfur oxoacid		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiviral agent;
human metabolite;
oxidising agent;
rat metabolite
n(delta)-(phosphonoacetyl)-l-ornithine
[no description available]		1.9810
n-(4-(7-(diethylamino)-4-methylcoumarin-3-yl))maleimide
N-(4-(7-(diethylamino)-4-methylcoumarin-3-yl))maleimide: used to label cysteine		210
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol		3.2760
glutamate thiol
glutamate thiol: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer		2.6930
3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde
3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde: reagent for ultrasensitive determination of primary amines by capillary electrophoresis using laser fluorescence detection; structure given in first source		2.0310benzoic acids;
quinolines		fluorochrome
4-((bromoacetyl)amino)phenyl arsenoxide
[no description available]		1.9610
dibromobimane
dibromobimane : A pyrazolopyrazole that consists of 1H,7H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,7-dione bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two bromomethyl substituents at positions 3 and 5.		2.0310organobromine compound;
pyrazolopyrazole		fluorochrome
s-(2-carboxy-1-(1h-imidazol-4-yl) ethyl)cysteine
S-(2-carboxy-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl) ethyl)cysteine: precursor of 3-((carboxymethyl)thio)-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid; structure given in first source		2.3920
phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone
phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone: irreversible inhibitor of mammalian glandular kallikreins; do not confuse with PPACK (Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2-Cl) or with Pro-Phe-Arg-CH2-Cl		210
methotrexate
[no description available]		5.9330dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)-1,n(6)-ethenoadenosine
[no description available]		1.9610
n-(3-hydroxyaminocarbonyl-2-benzyl-1-oxopropyl)glycine
N-(3-hydroxyaminocarbonyl-2-benzyl-1-oxopropyl)glycine: structure given in first source; RN refers to tritium labeled cpd		1.9810
n-hydroxysuccinimide s-acetylthioacetate
N-hydroxysuccinimide S-acetylthioacetate: introduces sulfhydryl groups into proteins; structure given in first source		2.0710
dihydrotestosterone 17-bromoacetate
[no description available]		1.9710
n(6)-ribosyladenine
N(6)-ribosyladenine: N(6) analog of adenosine; N(9) compound is adenosine		1.9710
lysyllysine
lysyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer. Lys-Lys : A dipeptide formed from two L-lysine residues.		210dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
2-iminobiotin
2-iminobiotin: RN given refers to parent cpd(3aS-(3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha))-isomer		1.9910
ovothiol c
ovothiol C: confers NAD(P)H-O2 oxidoreductase activity on ovoperoxidase; from sea urchin eggs; structure given in first source. ovothiol C : A L-histidine derivative that is N,N-dimethyl-L-histidine substituted at positions N3 and C5 on the imidazole ring by methyl and mercapto groups respectively.		2.9740aryl thiol;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-histidine derivative		antioxidant;
marine metabolite;
radical scavenger
glutamate-1-semialdehyde
(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoic acid : A 5-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 5-oxopentanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4 (the 4S-stereoisomer).		2.02105-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
glutamic semialdehyde		Escherichia coli metabolite
l 345
L 345: RN & structure given in first source		1.9810
ovothiol a
ovothiol A: structure given in first source. ovothiol A : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine substituted at positions N3 and C5 on the imidazole ring by methyl and mercapto groups respectively.		3.8530aryl thiol;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-histidine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antioxidant;
marine metabolite;
radical scavenger
n-acetylseryl-leucyl-asparaginyl(phenylalanyl-hydroxyethylamino-prolyl)isoleucyl-valyl methyl ester
N-acetylseryl-leucyl-asparaginyl(phenylalanyl-hydroxyethylamino-prolyl)isoleucyl-valyl methyl ester: inhibitor of HIV Protease; structure given in first source; RN given is for (S-(R*,R*)) isomer		2.0110
leuhistin
leuhistin: aminopeptidases N inhibitor from Bacillus laterosporus BMI156-14F1; structure given in second source		1.9710
3-pyridylalanine
[no description available]		2.110
jg 365
[no description available]		1.9910
n-(2,6-bis(isopropyl)phenyl)-n'-((1-(4-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl)cyclopentyl)methyl)urea
nevanimibe: an inhibitor for the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia		2.2510
1-hexadecyl-3-trifluoroethylglycero-sn-2-phosphomethanol
[no description available]		2.0210
l 703606
L 703606: structure given in first source		1.9810
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist		1.9810
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		2.7230amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
fk 906
FK 906: an orally active human renin inhibitor; used for the long-term treatment of patients with essential hypertension; structure given in first source		2.6930
zinquin
zinquin: zinquin is an ethyl ester in second source; specific chelator for zinc(II)		2.0110
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine: affinity label of the inhibitory DPNH site of bovine liver dehydrogenase; adenosylhomocysteinase antagonist; structure		2.8940
1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid: an ethylcyclopropyl amino-acid derived from isoleucine; it may be coupled to coronafacic acid by coronafacate ligase to form coronatine; substrate of malonyltransferase & inhibitor of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid malonyltransferase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0310amino monocarboxylic acid
imidazolecarboxamide
imidazolecarboxamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also related record for imidazole-4-carboxamide		2.8540
4-hydroxy-equilenin
4-hydroxy-equilenin: structure given in first source; is the major catechol metabolite of the equine estrogens EQUILENIN and EQUILIN; induces DNA damage		210
estrone 3-bromoacetate
estrone 3-bromoacetate: RN given refers to (bromoacetyl-2-(14C))-labeled cpd		2.6530
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine: sulfur atom replaces double-bonded oxygen in phosphate group; RN given refers to (R-(R*,R*))-isomer		2.0210
carbapenems
[no description available]		2.9640
2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxymannuronic acid
2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxymannuronic acid: from Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide		2.0310
4-methylumbelliferylguanidinobenzoate
[no description available]		1.9610
aspartame
[no description available]		2.3820carboxylic acid;
dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
methyl ester		apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
calcium borate
calcium borate: RN given refers to cpd with MF CaB4O7		4.6111
h 142
H 142: decapeptide inhibitor of human renin; RN given refers to all L-isomer		2.0110
ethylketocyclazocine
Ethylketocyclazocine: A kappa opioid receptor agonist. The compound has analgesic action and shows positive inotropic effects on the electrically stimulated left atrium. It also affects various types of behavior in mammals such as locomotion, rearing, and grooming.		1.9710
xylose
xylopyranose: structure in first source		10.41200D-xylose
beta-lactams
2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.		3.1450beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
beta-lactam
phenyldiazene
phenyldiazene: structure		1.9810
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		14.475241amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae
Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.		210
bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(2+) ion
bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(2+) ion: RN given refers to (Cu+2) cation		1.9910
h 256
H 256: heptapeptide inhibitor of pepsin		2.0110
azidohomoalanine
azidohomoalanine: structure in first source		2.0410
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		5.121secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
peptide elongation factor 2
Peptide Elongation Factor 2: Peptide Elongation Factor 2 catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of eukaryotic ribosomes by a process linked to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP.		8.02620
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		2.21109-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
alpha-methylhistidine
alpha-methylhistidine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is histidine in which the methyl group is located at the Calpha-position.. alpha-methyl-L-histidine : An alpha-methylhistidine that has L-configuration.		6.9410alpha-methylhistidine
phenylalanylarginine
phenylalanylarginine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Phe-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-phenylalanine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
alanine-4-nitroanilide
alanine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for aminopeptidase M		2.0410
4-aminophenylalanine
4-aminophenylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-amino-L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of 4-aminophenylalanine.. 4-aminophenylalanine : A phenylalanine derivative that is phenylalanine carrying an amino group at position 4 on the benzene ring.		4.131504-aminophenylalanine;
amino acid zwitterion
aspartylglycine
Asp-Gly : A dipeptide composed of L-aspartic acid and glycine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.0610dipeptidemetabolite
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.9540
tyrosinol
tyrosinol: amino alcohol analog of tyrosine; RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		1.9610
4-methylphenylalanine
4-methylphenylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source		2.1710
u-47929
ficellomycin: from Streptomyces ficellus		1.9510alkaloid;
aziridines;
dipeptide;
pyrrolidines		antibacterial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
copper bis(histidinate)
copper bis(histidinate): RN given refers to N,N(3),O(L)-isomer		7.26530
d-tartronic semialdehyde phosphate
tartronate semialdehyde phosphate: RN & structure given in first source; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 6/89		2.0110
arginylarginine
Arg-Arg : A dipeptide formed from two L-arginine residues.		2.0510dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
arginylarginine 2-naphthylamide
arginylarginine 2-naphthylamide: substrate for dipeptidyl peptidase III		2.0510
dirhodium tetraacetate
dirhodium tetraacetate: structure given in first source		2.4320
histidylphenylalanine
His-Phe : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-histidine with the amino group of L-phenylalanine.		2.7330dipeptide
prolyl-tyrosine
prolyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source. Pro-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-tyrosine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
histidylproline
His-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and L-proline residues.		2.0610dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
phenylalanyl-glycyl-glycine
phenylalanyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to (L-PHe)-isomer. Phe-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-phenylalanine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.		2.0310tripeptidemetabolite
histidinal
L-histidinal : An amino aldehyde obtained by partial reduction of the carboxy group of L-histidine		7.3520amino aldehyde;
imidazoles
phorbols
Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).		1.9610diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
cyanopindolol
[no description available]		210indoles
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		3.470methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		2.4620(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		8.04660oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
methyl 5-aminolevulinate
methyl 5-aminolevulinate: esterified form of aminolevulinic acid used as PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY. methyl 5-aminolevulinate : The methyl ester of 5-aminolevulinic acid. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application (often as the hydrochloride salt) results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.		2.1310delta-amino acid esterantineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug
nps-568
N-(2-chlorophenylpropyl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine: NPS-568 is the ((R), HCl salt)-isomer; calcimimetic compound and calcium-sensing receptor agonist		2.0110
gizzerosine
gizzerosine: found in overheated fish meal; causes gizzard erosion in chicks; RN refers to (L)-isomer; structure in first source		1.9910
adenosine 3'-phosphate-5'-phosphate
adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate : An adenosine bisphosphate having two monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions.		2.0210adenosine bisphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
resiquimod
S 28463: structure given in first source		210imidazoquinoline
glucosone
glucosone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		6.9810ketoaldohexose
carboxytolbutamide
carboxytolbutamide: metabolite of tolbutamide		2.0110sulfonamide
hexacyanochromate
hexacyanochromate: paramagnetic anion probe for active sites of enzymes; RN refers to tri-K salt; structure in first source		1.9510
4-guanidinobenzoate
4-guanidinobenzoate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-guanidinobenzoic acid : Benzoic acid substituted at the para position by a guanidino group.		210benzoic acids;
guanidines
singlet oxygen
Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.		6.37500chalcogen;
monoatomic oxygen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
manganese protoporphyrin
[no description available]		1.9810
peroxymonosulfate
peroxymonosulfate: oxidizing agent in prevention of tooth discoloration; RN given refers to ion(2-)		7.4110sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols		2.420
11 alpha-bromoacetoxyprogesterone
[no description available]		2.3720
carbodiimides
Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.		5.15150carbodiimide
abrine
abrine: from seeds of Abrus precatorius; structure in first source. N(alpha)-methyl-L-tryptophan : A N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid that is the N(alpha)-methyl derivative of L-tryptophan.		2.4120L-tryptophan derivative;
N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
allysine
L-allysine : An optically active form of allysine having L-configuration.		3.0610allysine;
amino acid zwitterion;
aminoadipate semialdehyde;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
saicar
SAICAR: adenosylsuccinase catalyzes its conversion to AICAR. SAICAR : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide resulting from the formal condesation of the darboxy group of 5-amino-1-(5-O-phosphono-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of L-aspartic acid.		2.44201-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamideEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
zinc hematoporphyrin
[no description available]		2.4220
n-epsilon phospholysine
N-epsilon phospholysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer		3.0750
prostaglandins b
Prostaglandins B: Physiologically active prostaglandins found in many tissues and organs. They are potent pressor substances and have many other physiological activities.		1.9510
secologanin
(-)-secologanin : An iridoid monoterpenoid that is acetaldehyde in which on of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a 2-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl group which is substituted at positions 3 and 5 by a vinyl and a methoxycarbonyl group, respectively (the 2S,3R,4S stereoisomer).		2.5320aldehyde;
beta-D-glucoside;
enoate ester;
methyl ester;
pyrans;
secoiridoid glycoside		plant metabolite
strictosidine
[no description available]		2.0510alkaloid ester;
beta-D-glucoside;
indole alkaloid;
methyl ester
aminoimidazole ribotide
5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole that is 5-aminoimidazole in which the proton at position 1 has been replaced by a 5-phospho-beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.		2.42201-(phosphoribosyl)imidazole;
aminoimidazole		bacterial metabolite
4-amino-4,6-dideoxymannose
4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-mannose: structure given in first source; RN refers to (D)-isomer		210deoxymannose derivative;
mannosamine
4-nitrophenyl-beta-d-mannopyranoside
4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-mannopyranoside: see also record for (alpha)-isomer		2.0810
rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate
rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate: rhamnolipid biosurfactant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2; active in removing hydrophobic cpds from soil; structure in first source. L-rhamnosyl-3-hydroxydecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoic acid : A glycolipid, an alpha-L-rhamnoside of 3-[(3-hydroxydecanoyl)oxy]decanoic acid.		210alpha-L-rhamnoside;
glycolipid		nonionic surfactant
erythrulose
[no description available]		2.0610ketotetrose;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
4-(n-maleimido)benzyltrimethylammonium
4-(N-maleimido)benzyltrimethylammonium: affinity-alkylating agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910
desmethylnaproxen
desmethylnaproxen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. desmethylnaproxen : A member of the class of naphthols that is naproxen in which the 6-methoxy group has been demethylated.		1.9810
atx 70
ATX 70: structure given in first source; a gallium-porphyrin complex		2.4120
u 78518f
U 78518F: a member of the lazaroid family of 21-amino steroid derivatives; RN given is for HCl		1.9810
aminopotentidine
aminopotentidine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the oxalate. aminopotentidine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the primary amino group of 1-(2-aminoethyl)-2-cyano-3-{3-[3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenoxy]propyl}guanidine.		1.9910aromatic ether;
benzamides;
guanidines;
nitrile;
piperidines;
substituted aniline		H2-receptor antagonist
thymidine 5'-diphosphate
thymidine 5'-diphosphate: see also record for thymidine 3',5'-diphosphate, RN 2863-04-9. dTDP : A thymidine phosphate having a diphosphate group at the 5'-position.		1.9710pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
trityrosine
trityrosine: structure in first source		2.4320
epsilon-n-methyllysine
epsilon-N-methyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer; structure. N(6)-methyllysine : A lysine derivative that is lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.. N(6)-methyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative that is L-lysine in which one of the hydrogens attached to N(6) is substituted by a methyl group.		1.9610L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
tetraphenylphosphonium
tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.		2.1710heteroorganic entity;
phosphorus molecular entity;
polyatomic cation
histidinol
L-histidinol : An amino alcohol that is propanol substituted by 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2 (the 2S stereoisomer).		4.88360amino alcohol;
imidazoles		EC 2.3.1.97 (glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteinesulfenic acid
cysteinesulfenic acid: a protein-sulfenic acid with diverse roles in enzyme catalysis, redox regulation and signal transduction. S-oxy-L-cysteine : A cysteine derivative consiting of L-cysteine carrying an S-oxy-substituent.. S-hydroxy-L-cysteine : A cysteine derivative consisting of L-cysteine carrying an S-hydroxy-substituent.		2.0110L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
diadenosine triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9910diadenosyl triphosphatemouse metabolite
n1'-carboxybiotin
N1'-carboxybiotin: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to (3aS-(3a alpha,4 beta,6a alpha))-isomer		210
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		2.4220amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
phosphorodiamidic acid
phosphorodiamidic acid: structure in first source		1.9810
technetium tc 99m pentetate
Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.		2.0510
metaperiodate
metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.		2.3420iodine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
thiophosphoric acid
thiophosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4120phosphorothioic acid
4-nitrophenylmaltoside
[no description available]		210
n-valyltryptophan
N-valyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.0110peptide
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine, (d)-isomer
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine : The pteridine that is lumazine substituted with methyl groups at C-6 and -7 and with a 1-D-ribityl group on N-8.		2.0210pteridinescofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		3.1960dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
1,2-diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine
[no description available]		2.0510
alpha-hydrazinohistidine
alpha-hydrazinohistidine: RN given refers to unspecified HCl		8.3570
2-nitrophenyl octyl ether
[no description available]		2.0810
aminochrome 1
dopaminechrome: structure given in first source. dopaminechrome (enol form) : A member of the class of indolones that is 3,5-dihydro-2H-indole substituted by an oxo group at position 5 and a hydroxy group at position 6.. dopaminechrome (keto form) : A member of the class of indoledione that is 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-indole carrying oxo groups at positions 5 and 6; major microspecies at pH 7.3. It is an endogenous compound formed during dopamine oxidation and can induce neurotoxicity under certain aberrant conditions and induce Parkinson-like syndrome.		2.0210indoledione;
orthoquinones		neurotoxin
histidinohydroxymerodesmosine
histidinohydroxymerodesmosine: structure		3.5890
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		5.41590biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		6.43570amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
gabaculine
gabaculine: potent inhibitor of aminobutyrate aminotransferase from Streptomyces toyocaensis.; also inhibits a variety of PLP-dependent aminotransferases; structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (S)-gabaculine : The (S)-enantiomer of gabaculine.		1.99105-aminocyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acidbacterial metabolite;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
eosine-5-isothiocyanate
eosine-5-isothiocyanate: ''triplet'' probe for measuring slow rotational diffusion of macromolecules		2.3720isothiocyanate;
organobromine compound
1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium
1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium: structure given in first source. 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium : A 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium in which the alkyl substituent at C-1 is ethyl.		2.53201-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		4.43230
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		7.9940
sb 203580
[no description available]		2.4220imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
zm 241385
ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor		210diamino-1,3,5-triazine
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		5.05130divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
nickel monoxide
[no description available]		2.4720
propargylglycine
propargylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		1.9910
aflatoxin b1
Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.		2.9140aflatoxin;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite
alpha-fluoromethylhistidine
alpha-fluoromethylhistidine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		6.84641
5-diazo-1h-tetrazole
5-diazo-1H-tetrazole: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3720
1,4,7-triazacyclononane
1,4,7-triazacyclononane: structure given in first source		2.7430azacycloalkane;
crown amine;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
6-chloropurine 9-beta-d-ribofuranosyl 5'-monophosphate
[no description available]		2.3720
arabinose 5-phosphate
arabinose 5-phosphate: RN given refers to (D)-isomer. D-arabinose 5-phosphate : An arabinose phosphate that is D-arabinose having a phosphate substituent at position 5.. aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate : The 5-phospho derivative of D-arabinose. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides.		2.0110D-arabinose 5-phosphate
pyridine hemochrome
[no description available]		2.0510
n-bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate
N-bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate: inhibits 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase; affinity labeling reagent for aldolase & other enzymes; structure		7.6630
isospaglumic acid
isospaglumic acid: mediator in the sensitivity of animals to hyperbaric oxygenation; Naaxia is the tradename; apparently can have both a neuroprotective and a neurotoxic effect. Ac-Asp-Glu : A dipeptide composed of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid joined by a peptide linkage.		1.9510dipeptidehuman metabolite
4-benzylaminesulfonic acid
4-benzylaminesulfonic acid: structure given in first source		2.3720
histidylleucine
His-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and L-leucine residues.		210dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
maltotriose
Porcelite: a light-cured composite resin. alpha-maltotriose : A maltotriose trisaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom..		2.7330maltotriose trisaccharidehuman metabolite
4-deoxyneosamine c
4-deoxyneosamine C: structure		2.0310glucosamines;
trideoxyhexose derivative
epsilon n-dimethyllysine
N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative comprising L-lysine having two methyl substituents attached to the side-chain amino group.		1.9610L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
glycyl-glycyl-valine
[no description available]		2.0510oligopeptide
lactosylurea
lactosylurea: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer		2.0210
n(1)-((5'-phosphoribulosyl)formimino)-5-aminoimidazo-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide
N(1)-((5'-phosphoribulosyl)formimino)-5-aminoimidazo-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide: structure given in first source; an intermediate in imidazole glycerol phosphate synthesis		1.98101-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamideEscherichia coli metabolite
1-ethyl-3-(4-azonia-4,4-dimethylpentyl)carbodiimide
1-ethyl-3-(4-azonia-4,4-dimethylpentyl)carbodiimide: inhibits phosphate transport in human erythrocytes		1.9710
udp-3-o-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-n-acetylglucosamine
UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine: lipid A precursor; structure given in first source. UDP-3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-N-acetyl-alpha-glucosamine : A UDP-amino sugar having 3-O-[(3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl]-N-acetyl-alpha-glucosamine as the amino sugar component.		2.0210UDP-amino sugar
cp 71362
[no description available]		2.0110
1-palmitoyl-2-(1'-pyreneoctanoyl)glycero-3-phosphochine
1-palmitoyl-2-(1'-pyreneoctanoyl)glycero-3-phosphochine: structure given in first source		210
8-chloro-fad
[no description available]		1.9910
fe(iii)-edta
Fe(III)-EDTA: iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910iron coordination entity
n-acetylchitohexaose
N-acetylchitohexaose: RN given from Toxlit 8/88		2.1310
depsidomycin
depsidomycin: depsipeptide from Streptomyces lavendofoliae; structure given in first source		1.9910
cadmium metallothionein
cadmium-binding protein: metallothionein which serves in a metal-sequestering mechanism		2.5320
butyrylcarnitine
butyrylcarnitine: structure in first source. O-butanoyl-L-carnitine : An optically active form of O-butanoylcarnitine having L-configuration.. O-butanoylcarnitine : A C4-acylcarnitine that is the O-butanoyl derivative of carnitine.		2.2110O-butanoylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		metabolite
sorafenib
[no description available]		7.5320(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
s-benzylcysteine
[no description available]		6.9310
demecolcine
Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.		2.0110alkaloid;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		21012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2,4-dinitrophenylacetic acid
2,4-dinitrophenylacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810
erythritol
[no description available]		210butane-1,2,3,4-tetrolantioxidant;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		3.5890bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
cortisone
[no description available]		3.8913011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lithium fluoride
lithium fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-F; GR200-A is LiF activated by Mg, Cu, and P		2.0110
tenulin
tenulin: toxic constituent of Helenium amarum (bitter sneezeweed); structure		1.9510sesquiterpene lactone
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		2.94402-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.		7.6620arenecarbaldehyde;
furans;
primary alcohol		indicator;
Maillard reaction product
gamma-lumicolchicine
[no description available]		1.9810acetamides;
alkaloid;
carbotricyclic compound
lanosterol
[no description available]		7.733014alpha-methyl steroid;
3beta-sterol;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
epitrate
(S)-adrenaline : The S-enantiomer of adrenaline.		3.841104-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
mibolerone
mibolerone: prevents estrus in animals & prevents experimental lymphoid leukosis; minor descriptor (80-83); on-line & Index Medicus search NANDROLONE/AA (80-83); RN given refers to (7alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure. mibolerone : An androgen that is nalandrone carrying two methyl substituents at positions 7alpha and 17.		2.42017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
pheophorbide a
pheophorbide a: split product of chlorophyll obtained by saponification of pheophytin		1.9910
anisomycin
Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.		2.1710monohydroxypyrrolidine;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		2.6630
potassium bromide
potassium bromide : A metal bromide salt with a K(+) counterion.		210potassium salt
sodium bromide
sodium bromide: RN given refers to parent cpd. sodium bromide : An inorganic sodium salt having bromide as the counterion.		210bromide salt;
inorganic sodium salt
metribolone
Metribolone: A synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.. 17beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one : A synthetic non-aromatisable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.		1.981017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		androgen
11-mercaptoundecanol
11-mercaptoundecanol: structure in first source		2.0210
fusicoccin
fusicoccin: phytotoxic glycoside from Fusicoccum amydali; structure		2.0210
2-fluorohistidine
2-fluorohistidine: may serve as affinity labels & inactivators of receptor sites & enzymes; structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.4880
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.9540acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine
3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine: structure in first source		2.1510
glycyl-glycyl-sarcosine
glycyl-glycyl-sarcosine: structure given in first source		2.0510
n-acetyl-5-methoxy kynurenamine
N-acetyl-5-methoxy kynurenamine: melatonin brain metabolite		2.0510kynurenamines
calcein am
calcein AM: a non-fluorescent compound cleaved to a fluorescent compound by non-specific intracellular esterases. calcein am : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.		2.41202-benzofurans;
acetate ester;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		4.61111,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		2.2110
4-2-Aminoethyl-morpholine
[no description available]		4.19160morpholines
methylmercuric chloride
methylmercuric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0610chlorine molecular entity;
mercury coordination entity;
one-carbon compound
germine
germine: alkamine; present in many polyester alkaloids which occur in Veratrum & Zydadenus species; may be used medically as an antihypertensive agent; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search CEVANES (75-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9910
2,3-diaminophenazine
2,3-diaminophenazine: product form horseradish peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of o-phenylenediamine		1.9910
permanganate
[no description available]		4.6111manganese oxoacid
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		3.0950
alanylaspartic acid
alanylaspartic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9910peptide
carboplatin
[no description available]		6.181
n-(2-aminoethyl)glycine
N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0610
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		1.9510inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
leptomycin b
[no description available]		2.0210
s-adenosylhomocysteine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.		3.5380adenosines;
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine derivative;
homocysteines;
organic sulfide		cofactor;
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor;
epitope;
fundamental metabolite
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate: An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate : An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms.		2.9240glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatemouse metabolite
5'-methylthioadenosine
5'-methylthioadenosine: structure. 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group.		2.6930thioadenosinealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		10.07140
5'-deoxyadenosine
5'-deoxyadenosine: main heading DEOXYADENOSINE refers to the 3' cpd. 5'-deoxyadenosine : A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having adenosine as the nucleobase.		1.98105'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ribulose 5-phosphate
ribulose 5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of ribulose 5-phosphate that is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway.. ribulose 5-phosphate : A ribulose phosphate in which the phosphate group is attached at position 5.		2.4220ribulose 5-phosphatemouse metabolite
xylulose-5-phosphate, (d)-isomer
D-xylulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of xylulose 5-phosphate.		2.7130xylulose 5-phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycerate 1,3-biphosphate
3-phospho-D-glyceroyl dihydrogen phosphate : The (R)-enantiomer of 3-phosphoglyceroyl dihydrogen phosphate.		1.98102,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid;
acyl monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sorbose
sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.		2.3420L-sorbose;
sorbopyranose
arabinose
[no description available]		10.35190L-arabinoseEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.		3.3360N-acetylneuraminic acidsantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		4.22180peptide
bradykinin
[no description available]		5.37190oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
canavanine
L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.		3.65100amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite
amylopectin
Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.		3.8521
hexacyanoferrate iii
hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.9240
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		10.54230D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
elastin
[no description available]		6.1150oligopeptide
carnosine
polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth		14.312016amino acid zwitterion;
dipeptide		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid
Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.		2.38203,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
formiminoglutamic acid
Formiminoglutamic Acid: Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.. N-formimidoyl-L-glutamic acid : The N-formimidoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid		9.29431dicarboxylic acid;
L-glutamic acid derivative
ribose 1-phosphate
ribose 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (D)-isomer. alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate : The 1-phospho derivative of alpha-D-ribose.		2.1110D-ribose 1-phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite
lyxose
D-lyxose : Any lyxose having D-configuration.. D-lyxopyranose : The pyranose form of D-lyxose.		2.4120D-lyxose
raffinose
Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.		18.4611410raffinose family oligosaccharide;
trisaccharide		mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		2.7730(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
epiglucan
epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.		210
diaminopimelic acid
Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.		7.48202,6-diaminopimelic acid;
amino acid zwitterion		Escherichia coli metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		10.2160heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
laminaran
beta-1,3-glucan: component of fungal cell walls; also used as antitumor polysaccharide; unspecified D usually means BETA-GLUCANS; beta-1,3-D-glucan is also available; glucan phosphate is also available; biosynthesis is inhibited by echinocandins (cyclic hexapeptides). laminarin : A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini.		210
d-tagatose
D-tagatopyranose : The pyranose form of D-tagatose.		2.1710D-tagatose
pantetheine
Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.		2.730pantetheines;
thiol		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dithioerythritol
[no description available]		2.38201,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diolreducing agent
galactose
beta-D-galactose : A D-galactopyranose having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.. beta-D-galactoside : Any D-galactoside having beta-configuration at its anomeric centre.		2.0110D-galactopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
pantolactone
pantolactone: degradation product of pantothenic acid in liver; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure. (R)-pantolactone : A butan-4-olide that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3 and two methyl groups at position 4 (the R-stereoisomer).		2.730butan-4-olideSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
6-phosphonoglucono-delta-lactone
6-O-phosphono-D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldonolactone phosphate comprising D-glucono-1,5-lactone having the phosphate group at the 6-position.		210aldonolactone phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.		2.9340myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylic acid
2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source. 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid : The 5-hydroxy-6-methyl derivative of nicotinic acid.		2.0510methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine
cysteinylglycine
cysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83. L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism.		2.0510dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glutamyl-glutamic acid
glutamyl-glutamic acid: RN given for (L,L)-isomer. Glu-Glu : A dipeptide composed of two L-glutamic acid units joined by a peptide linkage.		2.0510dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		4.4523011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
D-leucine
[no description available]		2.4620D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
D-alpha-amino acid;
leucine		bacterial metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
puromycin
[no description available]		5.93350puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
n-carbobenzoxyglycylproline
N-carbobenzoxyglycylproline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; inhibits prolyl oligopeptidase		210peptide
cellotetraose
cellotetraose: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer. cellotetraose : A glucotetrose comprised of four D-glucose residues connected by beta(1->4) linkages.		2.0710glucotetraose
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone
Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.		3.0650alpha-chloroketone;
sulfonamide		alkylating agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor
reticuline
reticuline: opium alkaloid; dopamine receptor blocker; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. (S)-reticuline : The (S)-enantiomer of reticuline.		1.9810reticulineEC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor
tartaric acid
tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.		3.5270tartaric acidEscherichia coli metabolite
alpha-aminobutyric acid
alpha-aminobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-aminobutyric acid : An alpha-amino acid that is butyric acid bearing a single amino substituent located at position 2.. D-alpha-aminobutyric acid : An optically active form of alpha-aminobutyric acid having D-configuration.		2.610alpha-aminobutyric acid;
D-alpha-amino acid
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		1.9810coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
monoiodotyrosine
Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.		4.4890amino acid zwitterion;
L-tyrosine derivative;
monoiodotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-formylmethionine
N-formyl-L-methionine : A L-methionine derivative in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group.		2.6630L-methionine derivative;
N-formyl amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		metabolite
n'-formylkynurenine
N'-formylkynurenine: a photochemical breakdown product of tryptophan in proteins; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		210amino acid zwitterion;
N-formylkynurenine;
non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
protochlorophyllide
Protochlorophyllide: A photo-active pigment localized in prolamellar bodies occurring within the proplastids of dark-grown bean leaves. In the process of photoconversion, the highly fluorescent protochlorophyllide is converted to chlorophyll.. protochlorophyllide : An analogue of chlorophyll that lacks the phytol side-chain. The parent of the protochlorophyllide class.		210
trimethyllysine
trimethyllysine: stimulates growth of tumor cells; RN given refers to (S)-isomer		2.3720alpha-amino-acid cationhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylic acid
5-hydroxymethyldeoxycytidylic acid : A 2'-deoxycytidine phosphate compound having the phosphate group at the 5'-position and a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 5-position.		1.98102'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
inositol 3-phosphate
inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer		2.1510
1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene
1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene: intermediate in polyketide biosynthesis. naphthalene-1,3,6,8-tetrol : A naphthalenetetrol that is naphthalene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 8.		2.0210naphthalenetetrol
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.		3.2560nucleoside triphosphate analogue
24,25-dihydrolanosterol
lanostenol: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer; structure. 24,25-dihydrolanosterol : A 3beta-sterol formed from lanosterol by reduction across the C-24-C-25 double bond.		2.1103beta-sterol;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ribosylimidazole acetic acid
ribosylimidazole acetic acid: metabolite of imidazole acetic acid		1.94101-ribosylimidazole
dehydroascorbic acid
Dehydroascorbic Acid: The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid. It is the lactone of 2,3-DIKETOGULONIC ACID and has antiscorbutic activity in man on oral ingestion.. L-dehydroascorbate : An organic anion and the conjugate base of L-dehydroascorbic acid, arising from deprotonation of the acidic C2-position.. L-dehydroascorbic acid : Dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration.		3.2460dehydroascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
mouse metabolite
cortodoxone
Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.		2.0310deoxycortisol;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fructans
(2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.		2.0610
cellulase
Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.		9.37200cellotriose
strychnine
Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.		2.8740monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.1710alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		2.03101-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
actinorhodin
actinorhodin: structure. actinorhodin : A member of the class of benzoisochromanequinone that is produced by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and exhibits antibiotic activity.		1.9910
monensin
Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.		210cyclic hemiketal;
monocarboxylic acid;
polyether antibiotic;
spiroketal		antifungal agent;
coccidiostat;
ionophore
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		3.4820cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
pentazocine
Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)		7.4120benzazocine
phalloidine
Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.		2.4620homodetic cyclic peptide
indican
[no description available]		1.9410beta-D-glucoside;
exopolysaccharide;
indolyl carbohydrate
lysergamide
lysergamide : An ergoline alkaloid comprising ergoline lacking hydrogens at positions 9 and 10 and also having a methyl group attached to the piperidine nitrogen.		1.9410ergoline alkaloid
ochratoxin a
ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.		2.1110isochromanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acyl-L-phenylalanine;
organochlorine compound;
phenylalanine derivative		Aspergillus metabolite;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
mycotoxin;
nephrotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.1110
2-c-methylerythritol 4-phosphate
2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate: structure in first source		210tetritol phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		3.580tripeptide
devazepide
Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.		1.99101,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug
actinonin
actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure		2.0810
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		3.94120cyclodextrin
indoleglycerol phosphate
indoleglycerol phosphate: inducer of tryptophan synthase. (1S,2R)-1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate : The (1S,2R)-diastereomer of 1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate.		2.37201-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		7.7130butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a
Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.		5.4190acyl-CoAacyl donor;
coenzyme;
effector;
fundamental metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid
cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid		2.4120cinnamic acidplant metabolite
ergosterol
[no description available]		1.95103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols		fungal metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		5.8871retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
equilenin
Equilenin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of five double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of equilenin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.. equilenin : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estrone which carries two double bonds at positions 6 and 8. It is found in the urine of pregnant mare's and extensively used for estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.		21017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		antioxidant;
mammalian metabolite
carboxymethyl-coenzyme a
carboxymethyl-coenzyme A: structure given in first source. carboxymethyl-CoA : An S-alkyl-CoA having carboxymethyl as the S-alkyl component.		2.3920S-alkyl-CoABrassica napus metabolite;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		5.78211icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha-cyclodextrin
alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.		2.4820cyclodextrin
fumaric acid
fumaric acid: see also record for ferrous fumarate; use FUMARATES for general fumaric acid esters. fumaric acid : A butenedioic acid in which the C=C double bond has E geometry. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		3.2660butenedioic acidfood acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
desthiobiotin
desthiobiotin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (4R,5S)-dethiobiotin : The (4R,5S)-isomer of dethiobiotin.		2.4820dethiobiotin
prostaglandin h2
Prostaglandin H2: A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins.		210olefinic compound;
oxylipin;
prostaglandins H;
secondary alcohol		mouse metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine
p-nitrophenylphosphocholine : A phosphocholine that is the 4-nitrophenyl ester of choline phosphate.		1.9910phosphocholinesepitope;
hapten
phosphoramidon
phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.		2.0110deoxyaldohexose phosphate;
dipeptide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : An alpha,omega dicarboxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid.. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA where the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl component has (S)-configuration.		2.39203-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA;
3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		8.6430resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
methionine sulfone
methionine sulfone: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation. methionine sulfone : A methionine derivative in which the sulfur has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfone.. L-methionine sulfone : An L-methionine derivative in which the sulfur has been oxidised to the corresponding sulfone.		2.0810L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-methionine derivative;
methionine sulfone;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		animal metabolite
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		4.87110retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
phosphonoacetohydroxamate
phosphonoacetohydroxamic acid : The hydroxamate of phosphonoacetic acid.		2.0110hydroxamic acid;
organic phosphonate
latrunculin a
latrunculin A: 16-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin B; structure given in first source. latrunculin A : A bicyclic macrolide natural product consisting of a 16-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica and from the Fiji Islands sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. Latrunculin A inhibits actin polymerisation, microfilament organsation and microfilament-mediated processes.		2.0710cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide;
oxabicycloalkane;
thiazolidinone		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
toxin
cyanoginosin lr
cyanoginosin LR: cyclic heptapeptide from cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. microcystin-LR : A microcystin consisting of D-alanyl, L-leucyl, (3S)-3-methyl-D-beta-aspartyl,L-arginyl, 2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-4,5,6,7-tetradehydro-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldecanoyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and 2,3-didehydro-N-methylalanyl residues joined into a 25-membered macrocycle. Produced by the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, it is the most studied of the microcystins.		1.9810microcystinbacterial metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
palmitoleic acid
hexadecenoate : A long-chain unsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of hexadecenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.110hexadec-9-enoic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.940octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		4.81100macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
ferric hydroxide
ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9		2.4220
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		2.4320ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		3.0850D-galactopyranuronic acid
a 76928
A 76928: a diol with C2-symmetry		2.0110
xk 263
[no description available]		2.0110
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		4.7590benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
thapsigargin
Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.		2.4220butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
tetragastrin
Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence.		1.9910peptidyl amide;
tetrapeptide		anxiogenic;
human metabolite
glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid
glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid: structure given in first source; product of the enzymatic oxidation of cephalosporin C using D-amino-acid oxidase		2.0210cephalosporin
lycopene
[no description available]		2.4110acyclic caroteneantioxidant;
plant metabolite
adenylosuccinate
aspartyl adenylate: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		210
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate: RN given refers to (E,E,E)-isomer. geranylgeranyl diphosphate : A polyprenol diphosphate having geranylgeranyl as the polyprenyl component.. 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate : The all-trans-isomer of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.		2.9340geranylgeranyl diphosphatemouse metabolite
apstatin
apstatin: inhibits aminopeptidase P; structure given in first source		1.9910
2-butenal
crotonaldehyde : An enal consisting of propene having a formyl group at the 1-position.		210enal
phenylalanyl-prolyl-arginine
[no description available]		2.0110oligopeptide
stigmatellin
stigmatellin: isolated from myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca; structure in first source. stigmatellin A : A member of the class of chromones that is isolated from Stigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15.		2.4220aromatic ether;
chromones;
olefinic compound;
phenols		bacterial metabolite;
quinol oxidation site inhibitor
t0901317
T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist		2.0110
cytidine monophosphate n-acetylneuraminic acid
Cytidine Monophosphate N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: A nucleoside monophosphate sugar which donates N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal sugar of a ganglioside or glycoprotein.. CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminic acid : A nucleotide sugar used as a donor by glycosyltransferases for the synthesis of sugar chains		1.9710CMP-N-acyl-beta-neuraminic acidmouse metabolite
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide)
Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.		1.9910adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
prostaglandin d2
Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).		2.0510prostaglandins Dhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		2.8840olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
n-acetylmethionine
N-acetylmethionine: RN given refers to L-isomer. N-acetylmethionine : A methionine derivative that is methionine in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.		1.9610L-methionine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acetylmethionine		nutraceutical
zeatin
Zeatin: An aminopurine factor in plant extracts that induces cell division. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dict, 5th ed)		2.4120zeatinplant metabolite
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.0210retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
tu-514
[no description available]		7.0210
isoleucylvaline
isoleucylvaline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Ile-Val : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-valine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
afimoxifene
afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.		2.0110phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
metabolite
imidazolidines
[no description available]		2.0410azacycloalkane;
imidazolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
acid fuchsin
acid fuchsin: RN refers to disodium salt. acid fuchsin : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-amino-5-[(4-amino-3-sulfophenyl)(4-imino-3-sulfocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-3-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid. It is used in the Van Gieson method in conjunction with picric acid to demonstrate collagen fibres red, and in Masson's trichrome to colour smooth muscle in contrast to collagen.		210
texas red
Texas red: hydrophilic Texas red; structure given in first source		2.0610organic heteroheptacyclic compoundfluorochrome
iridoids
Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).		2.5320
laminaran
laminaran: beta-1,3-glucan		2.3920
pa 824
pretomanid: nitroimidazopyran derived from 5-nitroimidazoles; a prodrug that requires activation by a bacterial F420-depedent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Fgd) and nitroreductase to activate components that then inhibit bacterial mycolic acid and protein synthesis; structure in first source		2.0110
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		5.93350actinomycinmutagen
aphidicolin
Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.		1.9910tetracyclic diterpenoidantimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
apoptosis inducer;
Aspergillus metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		2.8540carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
enkephalin, leucine
Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.		3.3770pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.		2.7630amino aldehyde;
carbamate ester;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		2.2510aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		2.0210kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartyl-aspartic acid
aspartyl-aspartic acid: do not confuse with cyclo(Asp-Asp). Asp-Asp : A dipeptide formed from two L-aspartic acid units.		2.0110dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		7.07360flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
n,n'-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid
N,N'-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid: from Actinomycetes MG417-CF17; structure given in first source		2.4420
2,3-bis(bromomethyl)quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide
conoidin A: inhibits the peroxiredoxin TgPrx11; structure in first source		4.6111
Phe-Tyr
Phe-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
ammonium metavanadate
[no description available]		2.2510
sodium thiocyanate
sodium thiocyanate: RN given refers to thiocyanic acid, Na salt. sodium thiocyanate : An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of thiocyanic acid.		2.8840organic sodium salt
potassium thiocyanate
potassium thiocyanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-CHNS. potassium thiocyanate : A potassium salt which is the monopotassium salt of thiocyanic acid.		2.6830potassium salt
potassium permanganate
Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)		3.0750
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		2.0310one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
potassium periodate
[no description available]		1.9810
potassium nitrite
[no description available]		2.2110
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		1.9910organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
vanadium trioxide
[no description available]		2.0510
zn(ii)-phthalocyanine
[no description available]		2.7530metallophthalocyanine;
zinc tetrapyrrole		fluorochrome
methyl thioacetate
[no description available]		210thionoester
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		7.064602-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
calix(4)arene
calix(4)arene: a cyclophane consisting of four phenolic units linked by methylene groups; structure in first source		2.9840
carbenoxolone sodium
Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.		2.0710triterpenoid
trans-4-coumaric acid
hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.		2.31104-coumaric acidfood component;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
glycosides
[no description available]		8.98140
chalcone
trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.		210chalconeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		10.131640isomethyleugenol
beta-ionone
beta-ionone: stimulator of carotenogenesis; carotenoid inhibitor; intermediate in synthesis of Vit A; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. beta-ionone : An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.		3.4320iononeantioxidant;
fragrance
retinaldehyde
Retinaldehyde: A diterpene derived from the carotenoid VITAMIN A which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is the prosthetic group of RHODOPSIN (i.e., covalently bonded to ROD OPSIN as 11-cis-retinal). When stimulated by visible light, rhodopsin transforms this cis-isomer of retinal to the trans-isomer (11-trans-retinal). This transformation straightens-out the bend of the retinal molecule and causes a change in the shape of rhodopsin triggering the visual process. A series of energy-requiring enzyme-catalyzed reactions convert the 11-trans-retinal back to the cis-isomer.. all-trans-retinal : A retinal in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		4.7190retinal;
vitamin A		gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
piperine
piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.		1.9910benzodioxoles;
N-acylpiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary carboxamide		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
plant metabolite
retinol acetate
retinol acetate: structure given in first source		1.9610acetate ester
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		4.5190stilbene
isoliquiritigenin
[no description available]		210chalconesantineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
GABA modulator;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor antagonist
prolinol
prolinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. prolinol : An amino alcohol formed by reduction of the amino acid proline.		210
sorbic acid
Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.		2.4620alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
sorbic acid
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		7.34590flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
malonyl coenzyme a
Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.		3.3970malonyl-CoAsEC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
buprenorphine
Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.		2.0110morphinane alkaloiddelta-opioid receptor antagonist;
kappa-opioid receptor antagonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		2.9340vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
pyrophosphate
Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.		5.05430diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a
Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.		4.074011,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA;
3-substituted propionyl-CoA;
long-chain fatty acyl-CoA;
palmitoyl bioconjugate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
etorphine
[no description available]		2.0310alcohol;
morphinane alkaloid		opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
sedative
dodecylphosphocholine
dodecylphosphocholine: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; RN refers to chloride. dodecylphosphocholine : A phosphocholine that is the monododecyl ester of phosphocholine		2.6930phosphocholinesdetergent
trilostane
trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.		2.021017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
epoxy steroid;
nitrile		abortifacient;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
isopropyl thiogalactoside
Isopropyl Thiogalactoside: A non-metabolizable galactose analog that induces expression of the LAC OPERON.. isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside : An S-glycosyl compound consisting of beta-D-1-thiogalactose having an isopropyl group attached to the anomeric sulfur.		4.47220S-glycosyl compound
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		2.6430pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine
[no description available]		1.9810
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		3.2460
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		8.0550aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil
Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		1.9410pyrimidone
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		7.4820caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
n-acetyltryptophan
N-acetyl-L-tryptophan : A N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-tryptophan.		2.9240L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		metabolite
n-benzoylalanine
N-benzoylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd (L-Ala)-isomer. N-benzoylalanine : An N-acylamino acid that is the N-benzoyl derivative of alanine.. N-benzoyl-L-alanine : An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of L-alanine with the carboxy group of benzoic acid.		1.9710N-acyl-L-alanine;
N-benzoylalanine		metabolite
2-thiothymine
2-thiothymine: structure given in first source		2.0210
phenylalanine methyl ester
phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.		2.6830alpha-amino acid ester;
L-phenylalanine derivative
urocanic acid
Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.		9.44791urocanic acidhuman metabolite
isoeugenol
trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol.		2.0810isoeugenolplant metabolite
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		9.341N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		2.8730aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
thiouracil
Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.		2.8740nucleobase analogue;
thiocarbonyl compound		antithyroid drug;
metabolite
thiohydantoins
Thiohydantoins: Sulfur analogs of hydantoins with one or both carbonyl groups replaced by thiocarbonyl groups.		8.0450
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		2.03101,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		2.0310monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		2.0310capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene
Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.		2.3620
metiamide
Metiamide: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent.		4.8480imidazoles
n-glycylalanine
Gly-Ala : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-alanine residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
oxazolone
Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.		7.8130
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		7.6730cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
thiobarbituric acid
thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.		2.4120barbituratesallergen;
reagent
2-thiopyridine
2-thiopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd. pyridine-2-thiol : Pyridine substituted at C-2 by a sulfanyl group.		1.9810aryl thiol;
pyridines		allergen;
fluorescence quencher
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		9.17170one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
indigo carmine
Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.		2.1710
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		6.21270cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		7.4820thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
tempo
TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.		3.1150aminoxyls;
piperidines		catalyst;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
ferric ferrocyanide
ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure		2.2510
brij-58
Cetomacrogol: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.		1.9610
5-doxylstearate
[no description available]		210aminoxyls
glycylvaline
glycylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		2.420dipeptidehuman metabolite
o-methyl threonine
O-methyl threonine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. O-methyl-L-threonine : An L-threonine derivative that is L-threonine with a methyl group replacing the hydrogen on the hydroxy side chain.		1.9610ether;
L-threonine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antibacterial agent;
bleaching agent
epsilon-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-lysine
epsilon-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-lysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.0510
fumonisin b1
fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.		2.0110diester;
fumonisin;
primary amino compound;
triol		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite
2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide
2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide: partial structure given in first source; endothelium-derived relaxing factor antagonist		2.0110
tamoxifen
[no description available]		2.4120stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate
Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.		2.3820bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite
4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride
4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride: structure in first source		2.110
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
[no description available]		2.0710
nadp
[no description available]		5.89990
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)		2.7830
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9710
6-bromoacetyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene
6-bromoacetyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene: structure in first source		2.0310
n-cyclohexyl-n'-(4-dimethylamino-alpha-naphthyl)carbodiimide
[no description available]		1.9810
5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester
[no description available]		2.0310
stattic
[no description available]		2.06101-benzothiophenes;
C-nitro compound;
sulfone		antineoplastic agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
STAT3 inhibitor
erythronic acid
erythronic acid : The erythro-isomer of 2,3,4-trihydroxybutanoic acid.. D-erythronic acid : An erythronic acid in which the stereocentres at positions 2 and 3 both have R-configuration (the D-enantiomer).. erythronate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of any erythronic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.1310erythronic acid
3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propanoic acid
[no description available]		210imidazolyl carboxylic acidhuman urinary metabolite
kl001
KL001: inhibits degradation of the cryptochrome; structure in first source		2.1110
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		21011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		4.5680cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		7.3620barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		3.4170C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
2-thiothymidine
2-thiothymidine: structure given in first source		2.0210
laccase
Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.		3.96120
glycylproline
Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.		2.420dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
2-amino-1,3,4-butanetriol
2-amino-1,3,4-butanetriol: structure in first source		2.0610
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		4.36210alkali metal atom
alpha-sarcin
alpha-sarcin: basic protein 150 aa, MW 16 kDa; isolated from aspergillus giganteus; sequence similarity with ribonucleases such as RIBONUCLEASE T1; 85% identity with restrictocin; a ribotoxin cleaving the phosphodiester bond on the 3' side of G4325 in the alpha-sarcin/ricin domain of rat 28S RIBOSOMAL RNA; sometimes called a ribosome-inactivating protein but falls outside the normal definition of plant RIP that de-adenylate rRNA		3.2560
cobaltous chloride
cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.		2.6630cobalt salt;
inorganic chloride		allergen;
calcium channel blocker;
sensitiser;
two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.		5.1731nitrogen oxide
cupric glycinate
cupric glycinate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.6830
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		2.940amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
hydroxylysine
Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		11.092405-hydroxylysine;
hydroxy-L-lysine		human metabolite
burimamide
Burimamide: An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.		2.6430imidazoles
quinine
[no description available]		8.3870cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
deltorphin
deltorphin: isolated from skin of Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has affinity to opioid receptor; note deltorphin I and deltorphin II are available, they have Ala in position 2		1.9810peptide
dimethyl(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)sulfonium
dimethyl(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)sulfonium: RN given refers to bromide		1.9610
tryptophan tryptophylquinone
tryptophan tryptophylquinone: prosthetic group of the quinoprotein methylamine dehydrogenase; structure given in first source		2.7430
2-ketogluconate
2-ketogluconate: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 2-dehydro-D-gluconic acid : A ketoaldonic acid that is D-gluconic acid in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been oxidised to a keto group.		1.9910keto-D-gluconic acidbacterial metabolite
n,n'-methylene-bis(2-amino-5-sulfhydryl-1,3,4-thiadiazole)
bismerthiazol: a bactericide and fungicide		2.1710
4-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine
4-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine: structure in first source		3.1250piperidines
thioperamide
thioperamide: structure given in first source; histamine H3 receptor antagonist		4.28180primary aliphatic amine
n,n'-bis(2-hydroxyperoxy-2-methoxyethyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide
N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyperoxy-2-methoxyethyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide: structure given in first source		1.9910
s-(2-carboxy-1-(1h-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl)glutathione
S-(2-carboxy-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl)glutathione: an L-histidine metabolite and precursor of S-(2-carboxy-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl)cysteine found in urine ; most likely formed by the enzymatic degradation of above NM; structure given in first source		2.9240
cystine
[no description available]		9.651920
u-50488
3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine		2.0310dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		analgesic;
antitussive;
calcium channel blocker;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist
isobutyryl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		2.0110methyl-branched fatty acyl-CoA;
short-chain fatty acyl-CoA		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
safingol
safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R*,S*))-isomer		2.0110amino alcohol
glycyllysine
glycyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Lys : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-lysine residues.		2.0110dipeptidemetabolite
oxalylglycine
oxalylglycine: structure given in first source. N-oxalylglycine : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is iminodiacetic acid with an oxo substituent. It is used as an inhibitor of alpha-ketoglutarate dependent (EC 1.14.11.*) enzymes.		2.0610amino dicarboxylic acid;
N-acylglycine		EC 1.14.11.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, incorporating 1 atom each of oxygen into both donors) inhibitor
cysteine-glutathione disulfide
cysteine-glutathione disulfide: a peptide pheromone that induces male ragworms to release sperm		7.2110
leucine hydroxamate
leucine hydroxamate: RN given refers to (S)-isomer		2.0110
glutamyl-glycyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone
glutamyl-glycyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone: RN given refers to (S)-isomer		1.9710
5,5'-dibromo-1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid
5,5'-dibromo-1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: calcium chelator. 5,5'-dibromo-BAPTA : A polyamino carboxylic acid, the structure of which is that of BAPTA carrying bromine substituents at C-5 and C-5'.		1.9810polyamino carboxylic acidchelator
5-azido-udp-glucuronic acid
5-azido-UDP-glucuronic acid: used as photoaffinity probe for UDP-glucuronic acid-utilizing proteins; RN given is for beta-32P labelled cpd		1.9810
cyclic 3',5'-uridine monophosphate
3',5'-cyclic UMP : A 3',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide having uridine as the nucleobase.		1.98103',5'-cyclic pyrimidine nucleotidebacterial metabolite;
mammalian metabolite;
signalling molecule
fructosyl-glycine
[no description available]		2.0310fructosamine;
glycine derivative;
glyco-amino acid		human metabolite
copper(ii)-iminodiacetate
copper(II)-iminodiacetate: catalyzes hydrolysis of alpha-amino acid esters		2.7130
2-(4-(2-(2-((4-aminophenyl)methylcarbonylamino)ethylaminocarbonyl)ethyl)phenyl)ethylamino-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
2-(4-(2-(2-((4-aminophenyl)methylcarbonylamino)ethylaminocarbonyl)ethyl)phenyl)ethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source		1.9810
calixarenes
Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.		3.1650
s-phosphocysteine
S-phosphocysteine: intermediate in phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent mannitol transport catalyzed by E coli. S-phospho-L-cysteine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of L-cysteine carrying an S-phospho substituent.		6.9710organic thiophosphate;
phosphoamino acid;
S-substituted L-cysteine
dipyrromethene
dipyrromethene: structure in first source. dipyrrin : A dipyrrin that consists of pyrrole bearing a pyrrol-2-ylidenemethyl substituent at the 2-position.		2.1310dipyrrins
amanitins
Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.		2.0310
silicon nitride
[no description available]		2.7730
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.		2.3920adenosines;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
monocarboxylic acid		adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
anti-inflammatory agent
naphthofluorescein
[no description available]		2.1110xanthenes
phosphothreonine
Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.		3.580L-threonine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
24,25-epoxycholesterol
24,25-epoxycholesterol: Rn given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer; structure given in first source. 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is desmosterol in which the double bond at position 24-25 has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the 24S diastereoisomer). It is an oxysterol agonist of the liver X receptor.		2.01103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
cholestanoid;
epoxy steroid		liver X receptor agonist
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		10.83310
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		5.14470organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
4-nitrocatechol
4-nitrocatechol : A member of the class of catechols that is benzene-1,2-diol substituted by a nitro group at position 4.It is the by-product of the hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol.		3.1550C-nitro compound;
catechols		human xenobiotic metabolite;
lipoxygenase inhibitor
dimethyldithiocarbamate
Dimethyldithiocarbamate: A chemical that acts as a dopamine beta-hydroxylase inhibitor. Its salts are agricultural fungicides. It is inferior to diethyldithiocarbamate as a chelating agent.. dimethyldithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamate anions resulting from the removal of the proton from the dithiocarbamic acid moiety of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. The major species at pH 7.3.		2.3720dithiocarbamate anions
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		1.9810organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
illudalic acid
illudalic acid: isolated from Clitocybe illudens; structure in first source		7.610
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.		1.9810quinoxaline derivative
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine: structure. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine : A C-nitro compound that is phenylhydrazine substituted at the 2- and 4-positions by nitro groups.		2.3720C-nitro compound;
phenylhydrazines		reagent
zinc protoporphyrin ix
[no description available]		2.0210
fg 9041
FG 9041: structure given in first source		1.9810quinoxaline derivative
homoserine lactone
homoserine lactone: a putative signal for starvation in E. coli; structure in first source. homoserinium lactone : The conjugate acid of homoserine lactone; major species at pH 7.3.. homoserine lactone : A butan-4-olide having an amino substituent at the 2-position.		2.1110ammonium ion derivative;
organic cation
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		8.992060
tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate
tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate: used for labeling of antibodies with fluorochromes; easily dissolved with DMSO; conjugates with immunoglobulins		210
lonomycin
lonomycin: polyether antibiotic ionophore, polycyclic; lonomycin B is stereoisomer of lonomycin A; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9810
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		2.6930
sodium borohydride
sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.0750inorganic sodium salt;
metal tetrahydridoborate
2-nitro-4-phenylenediamine
2-nitro-4-phenylenediamine: 2-nitro-1,4-benzenediamine; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine : A primary amino compound that is p-phenylenediamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring is replaced by a nitro group. It is a cosmetic hair dye intermediate that is used in permanent hair colouring products (diluted 1:1 with an oxidising agent prior to application).		210C-nitro compound;
primary amino compound
3-nitro-o-phenylenediamine
3-nitro-o-phenylenediamine: an aromatic amine and nitro compound		210
1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
[no description available]		210
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		2.9240organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
myelin basic protein
Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.		3.0750
pyrroloquinoline
pyrroloquinoline: check to see if actually PYRROLOQUINOLINE QUINONE (PQQ COFACTOR)		2.1310
1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene
1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene: reagent for determination of selenium in milk with gas chromatograph. 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine : The primary amino compound that is 1,2-phenylenediamine (o-phenylenediamine) substituted at the 4- (para-) position by a nitro group.		210C-nitro compound;
primary amino compound
methanethiosulfonate
methanethiosulfonate: used for measurement of rhodanese activity; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.730
diethyl maleate
diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.		1.9710ethyl ester;
maleate ester		glutathione depleting agent
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		3.1250sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		8.1507-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
ubiquinone q2
Ubiquinone Q2: interacts with iron atom to form acceptor quinone complex; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.0110ubiquinones
bilirubin
[no description available]		7.15111biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		5.31131prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.4220monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
leukotriene a4
Leukotriene A4: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene A4 : A leukotriene that is the (5S,6S)-epoxy derivative of (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid.		1.9810epoxy fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid;
oxylipin;
polyunsaturated fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
sterigmatocystin
[no description available]		1.9510sterigmatocystinsmetabolite
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		1.9710trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin
[no description available]		2.42203'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		3.72100octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		2.7730D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
psychosine
[no description available]		210glycosylsphingoidhuman metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		3.78110
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		3.5380carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
11-cis-retinal
Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.		7.6420retinalchromophore;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
leukotriene c4
Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.		210leukotrienebronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		1.9710epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
alpha-isopropylmalate
alpha-isopropylmalate: structure. (2S)-2-isopropylmalic acid : An optically active form of 2-isopropylmalic acid having S-configuration.. 2-isopropylmalate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-isopropylmalic acid.		1.96102-isopropylmalic acid
hymecromone
Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.		2.940hydroxycoumarinantineoplastic agent;
hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
dienelactone
dienelactone: structure given in first source		2.1104-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide
furylfuramide
Furylfuramide: Used formerly as antimicrobial food additive. It causes mutations in many cell cultures and may be carcinogenic.. (Z)-2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide : A member of the class of acrylamides that is acrylamide which is substituted at positions 2 and 3 by 2-furyl and 5-nitro-2-furyl groups, respectively (the trans isomer). Formerly used as a food preservative, it was withdrawn from the market following suspicions of carcenogenicity.		210acrylamides;
C-nitro compound;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
primary carboxamide
alprostadil
[no description available]		3.7921prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
(all-e) phytoene
(all-E) phytoene: C40 carotenoid biosynthesized in bacteria; minor descriptor (75-84); EP to CAROTENOIDS (85); on-line & Index Medicus search CAROTENOIDS (75-85); RN given refers to (all-trans)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation. all-trans-phytoene : The all-trans-isomer of phytoene.		2.4110phytoeneplant metabolite
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		1.9410hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		4.8721D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		1.9410disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
arachidonic acid omega-9 hydroperoxide
12-HPETE: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; 12-HPETE may be used inconsistently in literature as synonym for cpds with various tetraene-locants; caused dose-dependent constriction of cat coronary arteries. 12(S)-HPETE : The (S)-enantiomer of 12-HPETE.		1.9810HPETEmouse metabolite
zeaxanthin
Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.		2.4110carotenolantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
cofactor
lipoxin a4
lipoxin A4: an antifibrolytic agent; structure given in first source; a role in ASPIRIN antiinflammatory activity. lipoxin A4 : A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.		1.9810hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
lipoxin;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.42207-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		2.6730antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		1.9810dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
erucic acid
[no description available]		210docosenoic acid
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		2.0610carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
humulene
humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.		3.6520alpha-humulene
amentoflavone
[no description available]		2.0210biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
ring assembly		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
baicalein
[no description available]		4.6111trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
mangostin
mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.		2.1310aromatic ether;
phenols;
xanthones		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin
isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.		2.07107-hydroxyflavonol;
monomethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
myricetin
[no description available]		1.96107-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
robinetin
robinetin: structure given in first source. robinetin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4' and 5'.		1.96107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		plant metabolite
ellagic acid
[no description available]		2.610catechols;
cyclic ketone;
lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol		antioxidant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
bacteriopheophytin
bacteriopheophytin: pigment which is the degradation product of bacteriochlorophyll; structure. bacteriopheophytin a : A bacteriopheophytin consisting of bacteriochlorophyll a with two hydrogen atoms replacing the magnesium centre.. bacteriopheophytin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole comprising any bacteriochlorophyll molecule with two hydrogen atoms replacing the magnesium centre.		3.580
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		2.4420ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
copalyl diphosphate
copalyl diphosphate: structure in first source. 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-labda-8(20),13-dien-15-yl diphosphate : The 5alpha,9alpha,10beta-diastereomer of copalyl diphosphate.		2.0710copalyl diphosphate
narbomycin
narbomycin: structure. narbomycin : A macrolide antibiotic that is narbonolide having a 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residue attached at position 6. It is biosynthesised by Streptomyces venezuelae.		1.9910enone;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative		bacterial metabolite
picromycin
picromycin: structure. pikromycin : A macrolide antibiotic that is biosynthesised by Streptomyces venezuelae.		1.9910enone;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative		bacterial metabolite
l 683590
immunomycin: from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; structure given in first source		2.6930ether;
lactol;
macrolide;
secondary alcohol		antifungal agent;
bacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		1.9910cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.		2.0210stilbenoid
4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid
4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.01104,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha
8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.		2.0510F2-isoprostanebiomarker;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 12/88. 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 are palmitoyl and oleoyl respectively.		2.9840(18R,21S)-24-amino-21-hydroxy-21-oxido-15-oxo-16,20,22-trioxa-21lambdalambda(5)-phosphatetracosan-18-yl icosanoate;
phosphatidylethanolamine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoglycerol
[no description available]		2.2510phosphatidylglycerol
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		4.0531enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		1.9610retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		9.0431thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-hydroxy-2-hexenal
4-hydroxy-2-hexenal: metabolite from senecionine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		210fatty aldehyde
2-octenal
2-octenal: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (E)-oct-2-enal : The (E)-isomer of oct-2-enal.. oct-2-enal : An enal consisting of oct-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position.		1.9810oct-2-enalantifungal agent;
volatile oil component
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		6.144004-hydroxynon-2-enal;
4-hydroxynonenal
2,4-decadienal
(2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal : A polyunsaturated fatty aldehyde that is decanal which has undergone formal dehydrogenation to introduce trans- double bonds at the 2-3 and 4-5 positions. A product of lipid peroxidation in cell membranes and a component of cooking oil fumes.		2.0310polyunsaturated fatty aldehydeapoptosis inducer;
nematicide
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol
Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.		2101-acylglycerol 18:1;
monooleoylglycerol		plant metabolite
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoserine
{1-O-hexadecanoyl-2-O-[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phospho}serine : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine compound with a palmitoyl group at the 1-position and an oleoyl group at the 2-position.		2.47203-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine
ubiquinone 6
[no description available]		2.0210ubiquinonesSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
menaquinone 6
menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer		4.6111
codeine
[no description available]		2.4220morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		1.9410hydrochloride
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		2.0310morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		2.940morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		6.24101antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
6-methylpurine
6-methylpurine : Purine bearing a methyl substituent at position 6.		1.9610purinesEC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
menaquinone 7
menaquinone-7 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.		4.6111menaquinonebone density conservation agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
brefeldin a
[no description available]		7.4120macrolide antibioticPenicillium metabolite
glycinamide ribonucleotide
glycinamide ribonucleotide: structure in first source		210organophosphate oxoanion
lobeline
Lobeline: An alkaloid that has actions similar to NICOTINE on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation.		1.9410
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		5.22120morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
xylulose
[no description available]		2.0210xyluloseEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		1.9610amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		1.9710heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
kallidin
Kallidin: A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation.		3.0410peptide
l 365260
L 365260: a CCK-B antagonist; structure given in first source; potent & selective CCK-B & gastrin receptor ligand; L 365260 and L 365346 are (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers, respectively		1.9910benzodiazepine
lysophosphatidic acid
lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.		7.76301-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		3.61901-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
ro 41-1049
Ro 41-1049: structure given in first source		1.9910
neurokinin a
Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.		2.4220
neurokinin b
Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.		8.1550polypeptide
obelin
obelin: calcium-sensitive photoprotein obtained from the hydroid Obelia geniculata		2.4520
sq 29548
SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist		1.9710
stearidonic acid
[no description available]		7.110long-chain fatty acid;
octadecatetraenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.		3.680phosphatidylcholine(1+)
biliverdine
[no description available]		3.89120
iridal
iridal: a plant triterpenoid; structure in first source		7.0710
trilinolein
trilinolein: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. 1,2,3-trilinoleoylglycerol : A triglyceride formed by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with linoleic acid.		1.99101,2-diacyl-3-linoleoylglycerol;
1,3-diacyl-2-linoleoylglycerol;
linoleoyl containing 1,2,3-triacyl-sn-glycerol;
TG(18:2/18:2/18:2);
triglyceride		mouse metabolite
acetaldehyde oxime
acetaldehyde oxime: structure. (E)-acetaldehyde oxime : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetaldehyde oxime.. acetaldehyde oxime : An aldoxime derived from acetaldehyde.		2.0210acetaldehyde oxime
casein kinase ii
Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.		3.5180
ergothioneine
ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.		8.714401,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
amino-acid betaine;
L-histidine derivative;
sulfur-containing amino acid		antioxidant;
chelator;
fungal metabolite;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.		11.62161carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom		neurotoxin
tin
[no description available]		2.3520carbon group element atom;
elemental tin;
metal atom		micronutrient
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)		2.4420
13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid
13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: RN given refers to (E,Z)-isomer; RN for unspecified isomer not in Chemline 8/12/83. 13-HPODE : An HPODE (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 13.		2.4220hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
octadecadienoic acid
15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid
15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: potent & selective inhibitor of platelet lipoxygenase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.2110
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)		2.3920
antimony
Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.		210metalloid atom;
pnictogen
cesium
Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.		3.3570alkali metal atom
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		3.68100alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
rubidium
Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.		3.2260alkali metal atom
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		3.84120boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
levorphanol
Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.		2.3520morphinane alkaloid
strontium
Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.		3.0650alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth
Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.		10.0352metal atom;
pnictogen
dihydromorphine
Dihydromorphine: A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors.		2.0310morphinane alkaloid
thallium
Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).		7.6330boron group element atom
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		6.69181metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
indium
Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.		7.4420boron group element atom
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		1.9510cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		2.43206-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
gallium
Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.		8.5180boron group element atom
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		210dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		7.73680chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
methylazoxymethanol acetate
Methylazoxymethanol Acetate: The aglycone of CYCASIN. It acts as a potent carcinogen and neurotoxin and inhibits hepatic DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis.		2.0110azoxy compound
isoalloxazine
isoalloxazine: structure		2.4420benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
plastoquinone
[no description available]		2.9140plastoquinone
diphenylhexatriene
Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.		2.0210alkatrienefluorochrome
veratrine
Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.		1.9710alkaloid
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		1.9510
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).		3.53801,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester		antigen;
mouse metabolite
hercynine
hercynine: structure		5.51150amino-acid betaine;
N(alpha)-methyl-L-histidines
deoxyribose
[no description available]		2.7630deoxypentosehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate
2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenyl-2,4-hexadienoic acid: metabolic product of biphenyl; from Pseudomonas putida; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid : Penta-2,4-dienoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens at position 5 is substituted by a benzoyl group. It is a metabolic product of biphenyl from Pseudomonas putida.		2.0310
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		9.07193butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-dehydroshikimate
3-dehydroshikimate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-dehydroshikimic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. 3-dehydroshikimic acid : A 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is shikimic acid in which the allylic hydroxy group has been oxidised to the corresponding keto group.		2.3920monocarboxylic acid anionSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phycocyanobilin
phycocyanobilin: tetrapyrrole prosthetic group of phycocyanin protein. phycocyanobilin : A bilin that consists of 8,12-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-18-ethyl-3-ethylidene-2,7,13,17-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydrobilin bearing two oxo substituents at positions 1 and 19.		3.6490
2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, (alpha-d-erythro)-isomer
[no description available]		2.02102-deoxy-D-ribofuranose 1-phosphate
beryllium
Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.		3.0650alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental beryllium;
metal allergen		adjuvant;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope
pyrrolysine
pyrrolysine: encoded by a stop codon in archaea. L-pyrrolysine : A N(6)-acyl-L-lysine having (2R,3R)-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ylcarbonyl as the N(6)-acyl group.. pyrrolysine : An N-acyl-amino acid that is lysine in which one of the amino nitrogens at position N6 is replaced by a 3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl group.		2.5820amino acid zwitterion;
N(6)-acyl-L-lysine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyrrolysine
4-mercuribenzoate
[no description available]		2.3920mercuribenzoate
tyrosine
[no description available]		2.4220alpha-amino-acid radical
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		12.981,2220cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
thyronines
Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.		2.6330thyronine
silicon
Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].		3.9120carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		12.89352monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
boron
Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.		3.2560boron group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		2.0110dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source		3.2960
pepstatin
pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin		2.7130pentapeptide;
secondary carboxamide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
phytochlorin
phytochlorin: RN given refers to (2S-trans)-isomer; structure given in the first source		2.8830
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		2.110cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
streptomyces pepsin inhibitor
[no description available]		2.0110
alanylalanine
L-alanyl-L-alanine : A dipeptide consisting of two L-alanine units joined by a peptide linkage.		2.0110dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-
Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.		2.940
enkephalinamide-leu, ala(2)-
enkephalinamide-Leu, Ala(2)-: RN given refers to (L-leucinamide)-isomer		1.9810
marfey's reagent
Marfey's reagent: structure given in first source		2.0610
tyrosyl-alanyl-glycine
tyrosyl-alanyl-glycine: RN given refers to unlabeled (L-Tyr-D-Ala)-isomer		2.2510
phenylalanylalanine
phenylalanylalanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Phe-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-alanine residues.		2.0210dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
udp-n-acetylmuramylalanine
UDP-N-acetylmuramylalanine: important in peptidoglycan synthesis; used for incorporation of D-glutamic acid into peptidoglycan		2.0110
alpha-aspartylalanine
alpha-aspartylalanine: found in pig brain. Asp-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-aspartyl and L-valine residues.		2.0110dipeptidemetabolite
cp 81282
CP 81282: structure given in first source; inhibits human renin and endothiapepsin		2.0110
aliskiren
aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.0110monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene		antihypertensive agent
oleoyl-coenzyme a
oleoyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		2.9140octadecenoyl-CoAEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arachidonyl-coenzyme a
arachidonoyl-CoA : An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of arachidononic acid.		2.0310arachidonoyl bioconjugate;
unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA
crotonyl-coenzyme a
crotonoyl-CoA : The (E)-isomer of but-2-enoyl-CoA.		2.0110but-2-enoyl-CoA
triolein
Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.		2.4620triglycerideCaenorhabditis elegans metabolite;
plant metabolite
methylbenzethonium chloride
[no description available]		2.0510alkylbenzene
bafilomycin a
[no description available]		2.4220
abscisic acid
Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.		8.06402-trans-abscisic acid
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.		3.6890cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		2.03101,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
deglycobleomycin
[no description available]		6.9910
2-chloromuconic acid
2-chloromuconic acid: structure in first source. chloromuconic acid : A chlorocarboxylic acid that is muconic acid substituted by at least one chloro group.		2.110
roquefortine
roquefortine: metabolite of Penicillium roqueforti; structure		2.0410pyrroloindole
ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.		5.07440ammonium salt;
inorganic sulfate salt		fertilizer
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.		3.0950
coomassie brilliant blue
[no description available]		2.0810
mastoparan
[no description available]		7.420mastoparans;
peptidyl amide		antimicrobial agent
ro 42-5892
remikiren : An L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a (2S)-2-[(2-methylpropane-2-sulfonyl)methyl]-3-phenylpropanoyl group and the carboxy group is replaced by a [(2S,3R,4S)-1-cyclohexyl-4-cyclopropyl-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]amino group. It is a renin inhibitor which was under development for the treatment of hypertension (now discontinued).		2.420cyclopropanes;
diol;
L-histidine derivative;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.23.15 (renin) inhibitor;
peptidomimetic;
vasodilator agent
saralasin
Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION.		2.3820oligopeptide
tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.		2.6730azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
germanium
Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.		2.7630carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		5.35180chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
selenocysteine
Selenocysteine: A naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. It is found in tRNAs and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. The genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the TGA codon, which codes for this amino acid.. selenocysteine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of alanine where one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted with a seleno group.		3.1850
tellurium
Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.		3.2450chalcogen;
metalloid atom
polonium
Polonium: A radioactive element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Po, atomic number 84, and the atomic weight of the isotope with the longest half-life (209Po) is 208.98. It decays by alpha-emission.. polonium atom : A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).		1.9410chalcogen;
metal atom
oxalates
Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.		4.46230
3,3'-(1,4-naphthylidene)diproprionate
3,3'-(1,4-naphthylidene)diproprionate: RN given refers to the disodium salt		1.9810
diacetylmonoxime
diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.		1.9910
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		2.9240maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a
Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.		3.2260amidobenzoic acid
prolylglycine
prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen.		1.9710dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
zoniporide
zoniporide: inhibits sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1)		310
methylazoxymethanol
methylazoxymethanol: a neuroteratogen; reacts with guanine residues of DNA & RNA forming 7-methylguanine adduct products; carcinogenicity probably related to biological decomposition into methyldiazonium ion, the ultimate methylating agent; structure in first source		2.0110azoxy compound
hygromycin a
hygromycin A: a cinnamide derivative produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus; structure differs from HYGROMYCIN B		2.4720hydroxycinnamic acidmetabolite
bongkrekic acid
Bongkrekic Acid: An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It is an inhibitor of MITOCHONDRIAL ADP, ATP TRANSLOCASES. Specifically, it blocks adenine nucleotide efflux from mitochondria by enhancing membrane binding.. bongkrekic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is docosa-2,4,8,10,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid substituted at positions 2 ,5 and 17 by methyl groups, at positions 6 by a methoxy group and at position 20 by a carboxymethyl group. It is produced by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli and implicated in outbreaks of food-borne illness involving coconut and corn-based products in Indonesia and China.		210ether;
olefinic compound;
tricarboxylic acid		apoptosis inhibitor;
ATP/ADP translocase inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
toxin
cilastatin
[no description available]		1.9910carboxamide;
L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		3.92120
nitrocefin
nitrocefin: chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity; Cefinase is name for nitrocefin on paper disc; RN given refers to (6R-(3(E),6 alpha,7 beta))-isomer; structure for mono-Na salt in second source		2.4120
bafilomycin a1
bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.		3.4470cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide antibiotic;
oxanes		apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
fungicide;
potassium ionophore;
toxin
n,n',n''-triacetylfusarinine c
N,N',N''-triacetylfusarinine C: from Mycelia sterilia; ferric ionophore for this organism; structure given in first source		2.1310iron coordination entity;
organonitrogen compound
4-methylumbelliferyl oleate
[no description available]		2.0710
ro 13-6298
ethyl-p-((E)-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: used in psoriasis therapy; structure given in first source		1.9610
15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid
15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; (S-(E,Z,Z,Z))-isomer caused dose-dependent constriction of cat coronary arteries; structure in first source. 15-HPETE : A HPETE that consists of (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-icosatetraenoic acid in which the hydroperoxy group is located at position 15.		1.9910HPETEhuman xenobiotic metabolite
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source		210
sphingosine phosphorylcholine
sphingosine phosphorylcholine: a wound healing agent		2.0210
1,1'-((4,4,7,7-tetramethyl)-4,7-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1,3-oxazole)-2-methylidine)quinolinium, tetraiodide
1,1'-((4,4,7,7-tetramethyl)-4,7-diazaundecamethylene)bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro(benzo-1,3-oxazole)-2-methylidene)quinolinium: non-fluorescent in solution but forms highly fluorescent complex with double-stranded DNA; RN refers to the tetraiodide compound		2.0210cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
concanamycin a
concanamycin A: from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes S-45; inhibits vacuolar H+ ATPase. concanamycin A : A concanamycin in which the lactone ring contains 4 double bonds and is substituted by 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxy groups, 2 methoxy groups and an ethyl group.		210carbamate ester;
concanamycin		antifungal agent;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
metabolite
i-pta-oh
I-PTA-OH: prostaglandin H antag and thromboxane A2 antag		1.9710
corrin
corrin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is the core macrocycle of vitamin B12.		2.0410
thiazole orange
thiazole orange: structure given in first source. thiazole orange : A cyanine dye comprising the thiazole orange cation [1-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl]quinolinium] with the p-tosylate counterion.		2.0510cyanine dyefluorochrome
7-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-(4'-iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl)-7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-yl)-5-heptenoic acid
7-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-(4'-iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl)-7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-yl)-5-heptenoic acid: structure given in first source; thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor agonist; RN given refers to the (125I) labeled cpd		1.9710
1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine
[no description available]		2.0710
thermozymocidin
thermozymocidin: a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor; FTY720 is an analog		2.0110alpha-amino fatty acid;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sphingoid		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylserine
1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylserine: RN given in first source; RN given refers to (R-(Z,Z))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 6/90. 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl L-serine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.. phosphatidylserine(18:1/18:1) : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are octadecenoyl groups.		2.1310phosphatidylserine(18:1/18:1)mouse metabolite
be 14106
BE 14106: structure given in first source; isolated from Streptomyces; inhibits growth of vincristine-resistant murine leukemia cells		210
bacteriochlorophylls
Bacteriochlorophylls: Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.		4.41210
antibiotic 1233a
antibiotic 1233A: beta-lactone antibiotic from Cephalosporium; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase & 3C protease, viral inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0210long-chain fatty acid
1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine: used for premature induction of labor in rabbits; RN given refers to (all Z)-isomer		2.1310
menaquinol 6
menaquinol 6: a short chain analog of vitamin K2; physiological electron donor. menaquinol-6 : A menaquinol whose structure comprises a 2-methylbenzohydroquinone nucleus and a side chain of six isoprenoid units.		2.4220menaquinolelectron donor
4,5-epoxy-2-heptenal
[no description available]		210enal
4-oxo-2-nonenal
4-oxo-2-nonenal: reacts with 2'-deoxyguanosine; a product of lipid peroxidation; structure in first source. (E)-4-oxonon-2-enal : The enal that is (E)-non-2-enal substituted with an oxo group at C-4.		3.1150enal;
enone		human metabolite
ganglioside, gd1b
[no description available]		2.0110
trisialoganglioside gt1
[no description available]		2.4320
axitinib
[no description available]		4.6111aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
indazoles;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide
Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.		2.0710galactosylceramide sulfate;
N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
oxepins
Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.		2.1310
pros-methylimidazoleacetic acid
1-methyl-5-imidazoleacetic acid : An imidazolyl carboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1-methylimidazol-5-yl group.		1.9710imidazolyl carboxylic acidmetabolite
allolactose
[no description available]		2.1110glycosylglucoseEscherichia coli metabolite
beta-escin
[no description available]		2.3820
melibiose
alpha-D-Galp-(1->6)-alpha-D-Glcp : A glycosylglucose consisting of alpha-D-galactopyranose and alpha-D-glucopyranose residues joined in sequence by a (1->6) glycosidic bond.		2.8940glycosylglucose
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.		2.4220nitroso compound;
nitrosothio compound		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		7.610imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
lactacystin
[no description available]		210lactam;
S-substituted L-cysteine
hoe 777
[no description available]		1.9710corticosteroid hormone
androst-16-en-3-one
androst-16-en-3-one: boar taint steroid; RN given refers to (5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one : An androstanoid that is 5alpha-androst-16-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. It is a steroid pheromone found in high concentrations in the saliva of male pigs,.		2.11103-oxo steroid;
androstanoid		mammalian metabolite;
pheromone
carboxyl radical
[no description available]		2.7430carbon oxide;
organic radical anion		xenobiotic metabolite
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		2.0110cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
fumagillin
[no description available]		7.6930antibiotic antifungal drug;
carboxylic ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
meroterpenoid;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
fungal metabolite;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine
Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.		1.9810
epostane
[no description available]		2.0210
montirelin
montirelin: structure given in first source		1.9910oligopeptide
3-tyrosine
3-tyrosine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. L-m-tyrosine : A hydroxyphenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine with a substituent hydroxy group at position 3.		2.1710hydroxyphenylalanine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
phenols		plant metabolite
tryptophanol
tryptophanol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510
phenylalanylglycine
phenylalanylglycine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Phe-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and glycine residues.		2.420dipeptidemetabolite
leucyl-phenylalanine
Leu-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-leucine and L-phenylalanine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-alanyl-phenylalanine
[no description available]		2.0510oligopeptide
diglycyl-histidine
diglycyl-histidine: tripeptide complexed with cupric ion designed to mimic specific Cu(II) transport site of ascorbate on albumin molecule; glycylglycylhistamine is An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of histidine		3.5120oligopeptide
glycyl-alanyl-leucine
glycyl-alanyl-leucine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/91		1.9710peptide
methionylglycine
methionylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Met-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-methionine and glycine residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
phenylalanylphenylalanine
Phe-Phe : A dipeptide formed from two L-phenylalanine residues.		1.9710dipeptide;
L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion		human blood serum metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
histidylhistidine
histidylhistidine: RN given for L-,L-isomer		8.150dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
valylleucine
valylleucine: RN given refers to all L-isomer. Val-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-leucine residues.		2.420dipeptidemetabolite
bromopyruvate
[no description available]		2.9402-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion
alanylglycine
[no description available]		2.420dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
alpha-glutamyltryptophan
Trp-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and L-glutamic acid residues.		2.420dipeptidemetabolite
methionylglutamic acid
Met-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-methionine and L-glutamic acid residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
ophthalmic acid
ophthalmic acid: glutathione analog in which cysteine moiety is replaced by L-aminobutyrate. ophthalmic acid : A L-glutamine derivative that is L-glutamine substituted by a 1-[(carboxymethyl)amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl at the terminal amino nitrogen atom.		2.1510L-glutamine derivativebiomarker;
human metabolite
phenylalanylproline
Phe-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-proline residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
lysylglycine
lysylglycine: structure in first source. Lys-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and glycine residues.		2.0610dipeptidemetabolite
glycylhistidine
glycylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-His : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-histidine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.7130dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		1.9810ammonium ion derivative
aminomethyltransferase
Aminomethyltransferase: A one-carbon group transferase that transfers lipoamide-linked methylamine groups to tetrahydrofolate (TETRAHYDROFOLATES) to form methylenetetrahydrofolate and AMMONIA. It is one of four components of the glycine decarboxylase complex.		1.9910
prolylisoleucine
prolylisoleucine: RN refers to (L)-isomer. Pro-Ile : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-isoleucine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
phenylalanyl-valine
phenylalanyl-valine: structure in first source. Phe-Val : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-valine residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
2,9-dicarboxy-1,10-phenanthroline
1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid: structure in first source		2.2510
tei 9647
TEI 9647: a 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 antagonist; TEI-9647 is the (23S)-isomer, and TEI-9648 is the (23R)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0510vitamin D
phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.		5.52161phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cholanic acid
cholanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomer designation. cholanic acid : A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24.. colanic acid : A polyanionic heteropolysaccharide containing a repeat unit with D-glucose, L-fucose, D-galactose, and D-glucuronic acid sugars that are non-stoichiometrically decorated with O-acetyl and pyruvate side-chains		210cholanic acids
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		2.3920biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
furaltadon
furaltadon: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. furaltadone : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted at position 1 by a (5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 5 by a morpholin-4-ylmethyl group. An antibacterial formerly used oraly but withdrawn due to toxicity, it is used topically (as the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of ear disorders.		2.0710
ferrihydrite
ferric oxyhydroxide: an antiferromagnetic material; constitutes the core of natural ferritin; mol form 5Fe2O3.9H2O		2.0710
disilver oxide
[no description available]		2.1110
bay 58-2667
BAY 58-2667: activates guanylyl cyclase; structure in first source. cinaciguat : A benzoic acid that is 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid in which the amino group is substituted by 4-carboxybutyl and 2-(2-{[4-(2-phenylethyl)benzyl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl groups. It is a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, used for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure.		2.0110aromatic ether;
benzoic acids;
dicarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
euk-134
EUK-134: antioxidant; structure in first source		2.0610
nikkomycin
[no description available]		7.4620
flash-edt2
4',5'-bis(1,3,2-dithioarsolan-2-yl)fluorescein: structure in first source		2.0310
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		2.4120oligopeptide
fructosyl-lysine
fructosyllysine : A glyco-amino acid consisting of a D-fructosyl residue attached to the epsilon-amino group of L-lysine.		2.0110fructosamine;
glyco-amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite
etomoxir
[no description available]		7.420aromatic ether
n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine
N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist		210
akr 501
avatrombopag: enhances megakaryocytopoiesis; structure in first source		2.0610
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		4.3200organic molecular entity
flag peptide
FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins.		6.13230peptide
gc 1 compound
GC 1 compound: structure in first source		2.0210diarylmethane
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		6.17410aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
1,3-bis(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)propan-2-ol
1,3-bis(bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)propan-2-ol: structure in first source		2.3110
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		8.6390dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
nicotianamine
nicotianamine: an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor from soy sauce. (S,S,S)-nicotianamine : The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of nicotianamine.		7.4820amino acid zwitterion;
nicotianamine		chelator;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
dapagliflozin
[no description available]		2.610aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
n-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-lysine
[no description available]		210
mart-1 antigen
MART-1 Antigen: A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.		2.7530
shu 9119
SHU 9119: an agouti mimetic; structure in first source		2.0110
sucrose monolaurate
sucrose monolaurate: RN given refers to monolaurate		1.9910
g(m2) ganglioside
G(M2) Ganglioside: A glycosphingolipid that accumulates due to a deficiency of hexosaminidase A or B (BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES), or GM2 activator protein, resulting in GANGLIOSIDOSES, heredity metabolic disorders that include TAY-SACHS DISEASE and SANDHOFF DISEASE.. ganglioside GM2 (18:0) : A sialotriaosylceramide that is N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine in which the acyl group on the sphingosine nitrogen is octadecanoyl. A constituent of natural ganglioside GM2.		2.3820N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotriaosylceramide		antigen
n-acetylcarnosine
N-acetylcarnosine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N-acetylcarnosine : A dipeptide that is the N-acetyl derivative of carnosine.		4.8742dipeptidemetabolite
cholest-5-en-3-one
cholest-5-en-3-one : A 3-oxo Delta(5)-steroid that is cholesterol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone.		1.99103-oxo-Delta(5)-steroid;
cholestanoid		metabolite
sorbitan monooleate
[no description available]		4.6111fatty acid ester
zeolites
[no description available]		3.83100
pitolisant
pitolisant: functions as both inverse agonist and antagonist of histamine H3 receptors; structure in first source		4.6111organochlorine compound
tetramethylrhodamine
tetramethylrhodamine: RN given refers to perchlorate; structure		2.7230xanthene dye
ubiquinol
ubiquinol: reduced forms of ubiquinone; see also record for ubiquinol 10. ubiquinol-10 : A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl.		9.1950polyprenylhydroquinone;
ubiquinol		biomarker;
metabolite
g(m1) ganglioside
G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.		2.4420alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide
aluminum oxide
Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.		1.9610
methionine sulfoxide
methionine sulfoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-methionine (R)-S-oxide : The (R)-oxido diastereomer of L-methionine S-oxide.		8.1250amino acid zwitterion;
L-methionine S-oxide		Escherichia coli metabolite
phosphoramidite
phosphoramidite: structure in first source. phosphoramidite : A compound with the general formula (RO)2PNR2. Phosphoramidites can be regarded as phosphites that have an NR2 instead of an OH group, or as amides of phosphorous acid.		2.0210
fmrfamide
FMRFamide: A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)		2.0310
cystathionine
Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine.		5.43120cysteine derivative
dimethylarginine
dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class.		7.1110
vitamin u
Vitamin U: A vitamin found in green vegetables. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, colitis, and gastritis and has an effect on secretory, acid-forming, and enzymatic functions of the intestinal tract.. S-methyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-methyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		1.9610methyl-L-methionine;
sulfonium betaine
homocarnosine
homocarnosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. homocarnosine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group.		9.29190dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
homocarnosine;
L-histidine derivative;
N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion;
N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite
edan
Edan: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9810
diosgenone
diosgenone: RN given for (25R)-isomer; isolated from Solanum nudum; structure in first source		2.0110
alpha-synuclein
alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.		4.61240
angiotensin amide
Angiotensin Amide: The octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction.		2.3320oligopeptide
sb-435495
SB-435495: structure in first source		2.0310
hydroxyibuprofen
hydroxyibuprofen: major urinary metabolite of ibuprofen; structure in first source. 2-hydroxyibuprofen : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is ibuprofen in which the methine proton on the isobutyl group has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.0710hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
tertiary alcohol		drug metabolite
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		2.8940
brevetoxin b
brevetoxin B: from dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve		2.0610ciguatoxin
maltooctaose
maltooctaose: structure in first source		2.110oligosaccharide
2'-deoxyadenylyl-(3'-5')-2'-deoxyadenosine
[no description available]		1.9710nucleoside analogue;
purines
ribose
ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.		5.27170D-ribose;
ribopyranose
acebutolol
alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.		4.47230alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
streptogramin b
Streptogramin B: A specific streptogramin group B antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria.. pristinamycin IA : A cyclodepsipeptide that is (together with pristinamycin IIA) a component of pristinamycin, an oral streptogramin antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pristinaespiralis. Pristinamycin exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram positive organisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.		7.0110cyclodepsipeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
epoxomicin
[no description available]		2.0610morpholines;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		1.9710nystatins
linoleic acid hydroperoxide
linoleic acid hydroperoxide: RN refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. linoleic acid hydroperoxide : A HPODE that is a mono-hydroperoxy derivative of linoleic acid		1.9810
chlorophyll b
[no description available]		2.7430chlorophyllcofactor
veratridine
Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.		2.3720
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		4.4180
glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline
glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline: the main component of the mixture of collagen type I degradation products		2.3920oligopeptide
imidazolone
imidazolone: a reaction product of arginine with 3-deoxyglucosone which markedly accumulates in uremic serum; structure in first source		2.6530organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
n-acetylmannosamine
N-acetylmannosamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. N-acetylmannosamine : Any mannosamine carrying an N-acetyl substituent		2.0110
palmitoylcarnitine
Palmitoylcarnitine: A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.. O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).		2.6920O-palmitoylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bacteriochlorophylls
Bacteriochlorophyll A: A specific bacteriochlorophyll that is similar in structure to chlorophyll a.. bacteriochlorophyll : Chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria.		2.4420bacteriochlorophyll;
methyl ester
bacteriochlorophyll b
bacteriochlorophyll b: a major photosynthetic pigment from Rhodospira trueperi		7.0510
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		1.9610benzoxazole
ferryl iron
[no description available]		4.140
syringomycin
syringomycin: from Pseudomonas syringae; phytotoxin; small peptide containing molecule. syringomycin : A class of cyclodepsipeptides which are secreted by the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Composed from nine nonribosomally synthesised amino acids bonded to a fatty acid hydrocarbon tail.		2.6830
s-tetradecanoyl-coenzyme a
myristoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of myristic acid.		21011,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA;
long-chain fatty acyl-CoA		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		5.47630
indocyanine green
Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.		2.44201,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		3.3870
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		3.9130
virginiamycin
Virginiamycin: A cyclic polypeptide antibiotic complex from Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. It consists of 2 major components, VIRGINIAMYCIN FACTOR M1 and virginiamycin Factor S1. It is used to treat infections with gram-positive organisms and as a growth promoter in cattle, swine, and poultry.. virginiamycin : A mixture of cyclic polypeptide streptogramin antibiotics produced by Streptomyces virginiae, S. loidensis, S. mitakaensis, S. pristina-spiralis, S. ostreogriseus, and others. The two major components are virginiamycin M1 (also known as pristinamycin IIA) and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin has been widely used as a growth promotion agent in livestock and has been to have bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci.		2.6630
ns 9283
3-(3-(pyridine-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzonitrile: an alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist		2.110
cyclohexylalanine
cyclohexylalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.3820
n-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide
N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide: structure in first source		2.0510
parkeol
parkeol: the triterpene precursor of saponins in sea cucmbers; structure given in first source. parkeol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid comprised of a lanostane skeleton which is 3beta-hydroxylated and has double bonds at the 9(11)- and 24-positions.		2.01103beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-sterol;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		metabolite
phytenic acid
phytenic acid: intermediate in conversion of phytol to phytanic acid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0210diterpenoid
rifamycins
[no description available]		210
clove
Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)		2.0510
trithiacyclononane
trithiacyclononane: a ligand for potential technetium and rhenium radiopharmaceuticals		2.110
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		6.33510
erythrosine
Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.		7.4520
mefloquine
Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		2.0210
asterina
Asterina: A genus of STARFISH in the family Asterinidae. They externally hold developing embryos (EMBRYO, NON-MAMMALIAN) among the spines below the oral surface.		2.0310
alpha-fluoromethylhistamine
alpha-fluoromethylhistamine: RN given refers to (S)-iosmer		1.9710
n(4)-aminocytidine
[no description available]		210
maltoheptaose
maltoheptaose: consists of seven glucose residues in a linear 1,4-alpha-linkage; substrate for determining alpha-amylase in serum; RN given refers to (D-glucopyranose)-isomer. maltoheptaose : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.. alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide consisting of six alpha-D-glucose residues and a D-glucose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.		210maltoheptaose heptasaccharide
wyosine
wybutosine: structure in first source. wybutosine : A nucleoside analogue having methyl (2S)-4-(4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo-4,9-dihydro-3H-imidazo[1,2-a]purin-7-yl)-2-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]butanoate as the modified nucleobase.		3.1610carbamate ester;
methyl ester;
nucleoside analogue
murexide
Murexide: 5,5'-Nitrilodibarbituric acid ammonium derivative. Used as an indicator for complexometric titrations.		2.4120
icatibant
icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.		210
jaw
[no description available]		2.9440indolecarboxamide
hmr 1098
HMR 1098: KATP channel blocker; structure in first source		2.110
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		7.471620organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desmosine
Desmosine: A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring.		3.85120aromatic amino acid
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		5.87930
cob(ii)alamin
cob(II)alamin : A cobalamin in which the central cobalt atom has an oxidation state of +2.		1.9910cobalamincofactor;
human metabolite
picogreen
PicoGreen: a DNA-specific dye; has strong affinity for double-stranded DNA and is designed to quantify these molecules in solution; a UV-excitable dye; no further information available 6/96. PicoGreen : A cyanine dye that is 1-phenylquinoline which is substituted at position 2 by a bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino group and at position 4 by a (3-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium-2-yl)methylene group. The counter ion is not stated. A fluorochrome that selectively binds double-stranded DNA and has characteristics similar to that of SYBR-Green I.		2.0210benzothiazoles;
cyanine dye;
quinolines;
tertiary amine		fluorescent dye
melitten
Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.		2.9140
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		3.4780
ceruletide
Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.		2.3720oligopeptidediagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug
dynorphins
Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.		1.9810
atrial natriuretic factor
Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.		2.9440polypeptide
gem91
GEM91: a 25-mer antisense oligonucleotide phosphorothioate used as a therapeutic agents for AIDS; may block the translation of gag mRNA& disrupt the secondary structure of RNA		210
thymalfasin
Thymalfasin: A thymus hormone polypeptide found in thymosin fraction 5 (a crude thymus gland extract) but now produced by synthesis. It is used alone or with interferon as an immunomodulator for the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. Thymalfasin is also used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression, and to enhance the efficacy of influenza and hepatitis B vaccines in immunocompromised patients.		2.4720polypeptide
hirugen
hirugen: amino acid sequence given in first source		2.0310
(4-24)-ply(a)
peptide-Gly-Leu-amide: 21-amino acid peptide from skin secretion of Xenopus laevis; amino acid sequence given in first source		1.9910
drosocin
drosocin: amino acid sequence given in first source for drosocin and its precursor; GenBank Z21942		210
glycoprotein e2, hepatitis c virus
glycoprotein E2, Hepatitis C virus: RN refers to quasispecies 4E; amino acid sequence known; caution: HCV also stands for hog cholera virus		2.7330
nociceptin
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity;
polypeptide		human metabolite;
rat metabolite
protegrin-1
protegrin-1: GenBank X84094		2.2110
alamethicin
Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		7.0510
cholera toxin, b subunit (50-64)
[no description available]		1.9710
fibrinopeptide b
Fibrinopeptide B: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the beta chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin. Each peptide chain contains 20 amino acid residues. The removal of fibrinopeptides B is not required for coagulation.		2.3920
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide: potent stimulator of insulin released in perfused mammalian pancreas		2.3920
anantin
anantin: atrial natriuretic factor antagonist; from Streptomyces coerulescens; consists of 17 natural amino acids which form a ring system; MF C90-H111-N21-O24; binds to receptor of atrial natriuretic factor; structure given in first source		6.9810
gastrins
Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.		6.04230
urotensin i
urotensin I: stimulates active chloride transport by the skin of marine teleost in contrast to urotensin II which inhibits it; RN given refers to urotensin I with unknown MF; see also record for urotensin II		210
erabutoxin b
erabutoxin b: RN given refers to erabutoxin b		3.4620
gramicidin a
Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.		2.8840
cobrotoxin
Cobra Neurotoxin Proteins: Toxins, contained in cobra (Naja) venom that block cholinergic receptors; two specific proteins have been described, the small (short, Type I) and the large (long, Type II) which also exist in other Elapid venoms.		3.4620
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		8.37601peptide hormone
mast cell degranulating peptide
mast cell degranulating peptide: isolated from bee venoms; made up of 22 amino acids; has 2 disulfide bridges		7.0210
beta-endorphin
beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).		2.6730
emerimicins
Peptaibols: A group of peptides characterized by length of 1-2 dozen residues with a high proportion of them being non-proteinogenic, notably alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and isovaline, and have a C-terminal amino alcohol and N terminal alkyl group. They are found in FUNGI and some are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. They form channels or pores in target organisms. The term is a contraction of peptide-Aib-alcohol.		1.9810
sauvagine
sauvagine: isolated from skin of South American hylid frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has hypotensive & antidiuretic effect; potent stimulating action on secretion of ACTH & corticosterone; inhibitory effect on secretion of PRL, GH, & TSH; consists of straight chain of 40 amino acid residues		210
ceca1 protein, drosophila
[no description available]		2.4120
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		7.9440
lactoferricin b
lactoferricin B: amino acid sequence given in first source		2.0410
angiotensinogen
Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.		2.730
corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide
Corticotropin-Like Intermediate Lobe Peptide: A peptide derived from the cleavage of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, found primarily in the INTERMEDIATE LOBE OF PITUITARY but also in the ARCUATE NUCLEUS of basal HYPOTHALAMUS. Its sequence is identical to the C-terminal 22-amino acids of ACTH or ACTH 18-39.		2.0510
astressin
astressin : A 30-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence D-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Nle-Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Glu-Ala-His-Lys-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Nle-Glu-Ile-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 19 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 22.		2.4120homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide		corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist;
neuroprotective agent
tannins
Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.		2.8940
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		12.23730
anticodon
Anticodon: The sequential set of three nucleotides in TRANSFER RNA that interacts with its complement in MESSENGER RNA, the CODON, during translation in the ribosome.		9.12160
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		3.2660
msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha-
[no description available]		1.9910polypeptidedermatologic drug
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		3.1750
ristocetin
Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.		1.9810glycopeptide;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
tetrasaccharide derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		8.37601glycoside
perovskite
calcium titanate : A calcium salt with the formula CaTiO3, generally obtained in the form of the mineral perovskite.		7.4110
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		3.470
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		5.395801,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
atractyloside
Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.		2.730
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		4.96370chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
phenylmercuric acetate
Phenylmercuric Acetate: A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide.		2.0210arylmercury compound;
benzenes
4-aminophenylmercuriacetate
4-aminophenylmercuriacetate: covalently linked to agarose for purification of FAD & COA with chromatography		2.0210
thimerosal
Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.		1.9510alkylmercury compoundantifungal drug;
antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
drug allergen
adenosine kinase
Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.		2.0310
hoe 33342
bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye		2.4120
sodium salicylate
[no description available]		3.4720organic molecular entity
sphingosine kinase
[no description available]		2.4420
ubiquinone
Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.		10.19150
tryptophyl-histidine
[no description available]		2.2110
cyclic adenosine-5'-trimetaphosphate
cyclic adenosine-5'-trimetaphosphate: structure given in first source, cyclic refers to arrangement of three phosphates		6.9610
alpha-amanitin
Alpha-Amanitin: A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.. alpha-amanitin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of eight amino acid residues and containing a thioether bridge between a cysteine and a tryptophan residue. It is found in a number of poisonous mushrooms, including Amanita phalloides (the death cap), Galerina marginata, and and Conocybe filaris.		2.0410
astacin
astacin: a zinc-endopeptidase from the crayfish Astacus astacus & Hydra vulgaris; releases nitroaniline from succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-alanyl-4-nitroanilide (Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-pNA); acts on peptides containing 5 or more amino acids, preferably with ALA in P1' and Pro in P2'. astacene : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene bearing four oxo substituents at positions 2, 2', 4 and 4'.		2.6830carotenone
calpain
Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.		3.5180
a 74273
A 74273: structure given in first source		1.9810
lucifer yellow
lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt		210organic lithium saltfluorochrome
xylitol 5-phosphate
xylitol 5-phosphate(2-) : Dianion of xylitol 5-phosphate arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups; major species at pH 7.3.		2.0310organophosphate oxoanion
triazacyclononane
triazacyclononane: structure in first source		2.8130
chitosan
[no description available]		7.32301
iodouracil
iodouracil: minor descriptor (64-82); online & Index Medicus search URACIL/AA (64-82)		7.0510
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		2.0610organosulfonic acid
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		3.21603',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sodium hypochlorite
Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.		440inorganic sodium saltbleaching agent;
disinfectant
sodium bisulfite
sodium bisulfite: has been used externally for parasitic skin diseases and as gastrointestinal antiseptic; structure. sodium hydrogensulfite : An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion.		2.0810inorganic sodium salt;
sulfite salt		allergen;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
mutagen;
reducing agent
4-hydroxymercuribenzoate
[no description available]		2.420
sodium nitrite
Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.		2.7130inorganic sodium salt;
nitrite salt		antidote to cyanide poisoning;
antihypertensive agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
food antioxidant;
poison
sarkosyl
sarkosyl: RN given is for sarkosyl L, the parent cpd; structure		2.5720
potassium bromate
potassium bromate: used as bread improver		2.0310bromate salt;
potassium salt		flour treatment agent
stearates
Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.		1.9810
sodium glutamate
Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.		2.610monosodium glutamateflavouring agent
merocyanine dye
merocyanine dye: fluorescent dye used for studying axons 2 position on pyrimidine ring may be S or O; RN given refers to Na salt; structure		210
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		2.1710
2-(4'-maleimidylanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid
2-(4'-maleimidylanilino)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid: RN given refers to mono-Na salt; structure		2.420
(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate
(2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate: RN given for Na salt		2.4120
sodium ethylxanthate
Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.		1.9310
chiniofon
Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.		2.6830
quinupristin-dalfopristin
quinupristin-dalfopristin: RP 59500 is a combination of RP 57669 & RP 54476, which are water soluble derivatives of pristinamycin IA & pristinamycin IIB, respectively		2.0110organic molecular entity
thiostrepton
Thiostrepton: One of the CYCLIC PEPTIDES from Streptomyces that is active against gram-positive bacteria. In veterinary medicine, it has been used in mastitis caused by gram-negative organisms and in dermatologic disorders.. thiostrepton : A heterodetic cyclic peptide, in which the cyclisation step involves a formal lactonisation between the carboxy group of a quinaldic acid-based residue and a secondary alcohol. An antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Also acts as an antitumor agent.		2.6830
hygromycin b
[no description available]		2.7230
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate : A phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 4-position.		210
s-adenosylmethionine
(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.		11.83500organic cation;
sulfonium compound		coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uridine diphosphate n-acetylmuramic acid
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate(3-) : A UDP-N-acetyl-D-muramate(3-) in which the anomeric centre of the pyranose fragment has alpha-configuration.		2.4320UDP-N-acetylmuramate(3-)
picrotoxin
Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.		2.0110
2',3'-o-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate
2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate: analog of ATP; do not confuse with TNP-ATP record		2.7130C-nitro compound;
spiroketal		antagonist
florbetapir f 18
florbetapir: a PET agent for Abeta plaques; structure in first source. florbetapir F-18 : An aromatic ether consisting of a pyridine ring substituted at position 2 by a 2-{2-[2-((18)F)fluoroethoxy]ethoxy}ethoxy group and at position 5 and a 2-(4-methylaminophenyl)vinyl group. A positron emission tomography imaging ligand for the detection of amyloid aggregation associated with Alzheimer disease.		2.1710(18)F radiopharmaceutical;
aromatic ether;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
substituted aniline		radioactive imaging agent
intrinsic factor
Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.		2.6530
heme o
heme O: hemes of cytochrome o; heme A-like molecule, containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain but with a methyl residue replacing the formyl group. ferroheme o : A ferroheme having a methyl group at ring position 8 and an isoprenoid chain at position 2.		2.7330
egg white
Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		5.89330
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
[no description available]		2.0110BODIPY compound
trelstar
Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.		2.7230
neurotensin
neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91		2.730peptide hormonehuman metabolite;
mitogen;
neurotransmitter;
vulnerary
nonaarginine
[no description available]		2.1510
fibrinopeptide a
Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.		8.77110
compstatin
compstatin: binds to complement 3; amino acid sequence in first source		2.0210
corazonin protein, insect
corazonin protein, insect: cardioactive peptide; isolated from a variety of insects		2.0110
alloferon
Alloferon: immunomodulator; active ingredient of the antiviral agent allokine-alpha		3.0340
mannans
[no description available]		1.9910
nitrogenase
Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.		5.49210
6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine
6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine: inhibits glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase; has antimalarial activity		2.2110
phytochromobilin
phytochromobilin: structure given in first source; this bilin is a pigment derived from phycoerythrobilin-containing proteins. phytochromobilin : A member of the class of bilins which functions as the chromophore of light-sensing phytochromes in plants.. (3Z)-phytochromobilin(2-) : Dicarboxylate anion of (3Z)-phytochromobilin.		2.4220
peptones
Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)		3.0650
triiodothyronine, reverse
Triiodothyronine, Reverse: A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine.		2.66303,3',5'-triiodothyronine;
amino acid zwitterion
cytochromes c1
Cytochromes c1: The 30-kDa membrane-bound c-type cytochrome protein of mitochondria that functions as an electron donor to CYTOCHROME C GROUP in the mitochondrial and bacterial RESPIRATORY CHAIN. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p545)		3.4170
5-chloromuconolactone
5-chloromuconolactone: structure in first source. 5-chloromuconolactone : A 5-oxo-2-furylacetic acid that is muconolactone substituted at position 5 by a chloro group.		2.1105-oxo-2-furylacetic acid;
chlorocarboxylic acid		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
glycolipids
[no description available]		7.63171
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		7.71491
thymosin
Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.		2.4720
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		11.48131
sd 1029
SD 1029: putative antineoplastic agent; structure in first source		2.0610
hemopressin
hemopressin: hemoglobin alpha-chain fragment		2.1310
sordarin
sordarin: antifungal mold metabolite of Sordaria araneosa; sordarins A and B are stereoisomers. sordarin : An antifungal metabolite of Sordaria araneosa that inhibits protein synthesis. It has a tetracyclic diterpene glycoside structure.		2.7730
bobo 3
BOBO 3: a cyanine dye; excitation 570 nm, emission 602 nm		2.0510cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
colistin
Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.		1.9410
hydroxocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.		1.9410
tylosin
[no description available]		2.0210
5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine
sapanisertib: an mTOR inhibitor		4.6111benzoxazole
nicotinate mononucleotide
nicotinate D-ribonucleotide(2-) : Dianion of nicotinic acid D-ribonucleotide arising from deprotonation of carboxylic acid and phosphate functions.		2.1110organophosphate oxoanionhuman metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lgk974
LGK974: a potent and specific small-molecule inhibitor of Porcupine (PORCN) acyltransferase. LGK974 : A carboxamide, the structure of which is that of acetamide substituted on carbon by a 2',3-dimethyl-2,4'-bipyridin-5-yl group and on nitrogen by a 5-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl group. It is a highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable Porcupine inhibitor (a Wnt signalling inhibitor).		2.4110bipyridines;
pyrazines;
pyridines;
secondary carboxamide		Wnt signalling inhibitor
chymostatin
[no description available]		1.9610
diphthamide
[no description available]		8.77880quaternary ammonium ion
methylmalonyl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		2.0110
fructose-1,6-diphosphate
fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer		4.3560
2-oxohistidine
2-oxohistidine: structure given in first source; a biological marker for oxidatively modified proteins		5.25160
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		8.5590
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) in which both acyl groups are specified as oleoyl.		2.46201,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)
vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).		8.5890
natriuretic peptide, brain
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.		2.520polypeptide
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		13.27451
heme d1
heme d1: extractable heme from Pseudomonas nitrite reductase. ferroheme d1 : A ferroheme having four carboxy groups and oxo groups on two of the pyrrole rings.		2.110
chondroitin
Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.3720
heparitin sulfate
Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.		3.73100
neuromedin b
neuromedin B: decapeptide isolated from porcine spinal cord		210
methylidene-imidazolone
methylidene-imidazolone: structure in first source		2.4220
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		9.731291ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
coumermycin
coumermycin: RN given refers to coumermycin A1; structure. coumermycin A1 : A hydroxycoumarin antibiotic that is obtained from Streptomyces rishiriensis and exhibits potent antibacterial and anticancer activity.		1.9910aromatic amide;
coumarins;
glycoside;
heteroarenecarboxylate ester;
pyrroles		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		3.3470carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		4.44230
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		8.4580
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		2.3420
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		1.9510
isoascorbic acid
isoascorbic acid: food antioxidant; (L)-isomer is ascorbic acid; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure		1.9710ascorbic acid
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		10.48161monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
piroxicam
[no description available]		2.4220benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
atpenin a5
atpenin A5: from Penicillium sp. FO-125; MW C15-H21-N-O5-Cl2		2.0310
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		6.41210benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		1.9510
citrinin
Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.		2.0710
antimycin
[no description available]		1.9810
teriflunomide
[no description available]		2.4110(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic amide;
enamide;
enol;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		drug metabolite;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
magnesium monoperoxyphthalate
magnesium monoperoxyphthalate: RN given refers to dihydride		3.110
dolutegravir
[no description available]		2.2510difluorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
bacitracin a
bacitracin A: cyclic dodecapeptide antibiotic from Bacillus licheniformis; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #942. bacitracin A : A homodetic cyclic peptide consisting of (4R)-2-[(1S,2S)-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid attached head-to-tail to L-leucyl,D-glutamyl, L-lysyl, D-ornityl, L-isoleucyl, D-phenylalanyl, L-histidyl. D-aspartyl and L-asparaginyl residues coupled in sequence and cyclised by condensation of the side-chain amino group of the L-lysyl residue with the C-terminal carboxylic acid group. It is the major component of bacitracin.		2.4420
nickel nitrilotriacetic acid
[no description available]		10.12430
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		4.54240
gastrin-releasing peptide
Gastrin-Releasing Peptide: Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.		2.3820
charybdotoxin
[no description available]		1.9910
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		3.6590
myotoxin a
[no description available]		1.9710
okadaic acid
Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.		4.250ketal
ferricrocin
ferricrocin: close structural analog of ferrichrome, mediating iron uptake with same rate. ferricrocin : A member of the class of ferrichromes that is an iron(III) chelate of the homodetic cyclic hexapeptide cyclo(glycyl-L-serylglycyl-N(5)-acetyl-N(5)-hydroxy-L-ornithyl-N(5)-acetyl-N(5)-hydroxy-L-ornithyl-N(5)-acetyl-N(5)-hydroxy-L-ornithyl).		2.1310
globotriaosylceramide
globotriaosylceramide: receptor for Shigella. alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide : A glycotriaosylceramide having alpha-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl component attached to the primary hydroxy function of a ceramide with undefined sphingoid base.		2.0310
hydrazino nicotinamide
[no description available]		2.0510
aquacobalamin
[no description available]		2.5320
siroheme
[no description available]		7.7330
lipoxin b4
lipoxin B4: structure in first source. lipoxin B4 : A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (14R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (6E)- (8Z)-, (10E)- and (12E)-double bonds.. lipoxin B4(1-) : A hydroxy fatty acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of lipoxin B4: major species at pH 7.3.		1.9810hydroxy fatty acid anion;
lipoxin anion
epidermin
epidermin: a linear type A lantibiotic; tetracyclic 21-peptide amide antibiotic produced by Staphylococcus epidermis. epidermin : A type A lantibiotic that is a tetracyclic 21-amino-acid peptide which contains meso-lanthionine, 3-methyllanthionine, and S-(2-aminovinyl)-D-cysteine. It is obtained from Staphylococcus epidermidis Tue 3298 and exhibits antibiotic activity against many Gram-positive bacteria.		1.9910macrocycle;
type A lantibiotic		antibacterial agent;
metabolite
leiurotoxin i
leiurotoxin I: 3.4kDa peptide from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus venom; potent apamin binding inhibitor; amino acid sequence given in first source		1.9810
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.		3.75110
fructosylvaline
fructosylvaline: RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0110
cobra cardiotoxin proteins
Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins: Most abundant proteins in COBRA venom; basic polypeptides of 57 to 62 amino acids with four disulfide bonds and a molecular weight of less than 7000; causes skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, interferes with neuromuscular and ganglionic transmission, depolarizes nerve, muscle and blood cell membranes, thus causing hemolysis.		2.420
hirudin
Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.		4.680
2',3'-(o-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidine))adenosine 5'-diphosphate
2',3'-(O-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexadienylidine))adenosine 5'-diphosphate: structure given in first source		1.9910
glutaminase
[no description available]		8.94130
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.0710
alcohol oxidase
[no description available]		1.9610
lysophosphatidylethanolamine
lysophosphatidylethanolamine : A glycerophosphoethanolamine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylethanolamine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.		2.0510
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		7.011040
histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine
histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine: major cross-link of skin collagen in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis		10.65181
albicidin
albicidin: partially characterized as a 38 carbon compound with several aromatic rings; from Xanthomonas albilineans; Albicidin blocked DNA synthesis in intact cells of a PolA- EndA- Escherichia coli strain; albicidin resistance gene (albB) from Alcaligenes denitrificans encodes a 23 kDa protein capable of detoxifying albicidin by reversible binding		7.0110
oligomycins
Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).		3.74110
n-methacryloyl-l-histidine methyl ester
N-methacryloyl-L-histidine methyl ester: a metal-chelating ligand		8.2350
selenoneine
selenoneine: isolated from the blood of bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis; structure in first source. selenoneine : A histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine substituted by a selenoxo group at position 2 on the imidazole ring. A selenium-containing antioxidant found in tuna blood.		6.99201
diphthine
diphthine: acid hydrolysis product of diphthamide; should not be confused with diphthin. diphthinate : An amino acid zwitterion that is the conjugate base of cationic diphthine, formed via deprotonation of both carboxy groups and protonation of the primary amino group; major species at pH 7.3.. diphthine : A quaternary ammonium ion consisting of L-histidine with a 3-(trimethylammonio)-3-carboxypropyl group at the 2-position of the the imidazole ring.		3.150amino acid zwitterion
mastoparan x
mastoparan X: RN given refers to the all-(L)-isomer. mastoparan-V : A member of the class of mastopyrans that is a 14-amino acid polypeptide comprising isoleucyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, lysyl, glycyl, isoleucyl, alanyl, alanyl, methionyl, alanyl, lysyl, lysyl, leucyl, and leucinamide residues coupled in sequence. It is the major active component of the venom of the hornet Vespa velutina and causes degranulation of mast cells. It exhibits antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria as well as haemolytic activity on chicken, human and sheep erythrocytes.		1.9910mastoparans;
peptidyl amide		antibacterial agent
g(m3) ganglioside
G(M3) Ganglioside: A ganglioside present in abnormally large amounts in the brain and liver due to a deficient biosynthetic enzyme, G(M3):UDP-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Deficiency of this enzyme prevents the formation of G(M2) ganglioside from G(M3) ganglioside and is the cause of an anabolic sphingolipidosis.. alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1')-Cer(d18:1/24:1(15Z)) : A sialotriaosylceramide consisting of beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-[alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc attached to the primary hydroxy function of ceramide(d18:1/24:1(15Z)).		2.110alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide;
sialodiosylceramide;
sialotriaosylceramide		mouse metabolite
chromium histidinate
[no description available]		5.98132
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor		2.0510
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.		5.2500
bassianolide
bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.		2.7430cyclodepsipeptide;
cyclooctadepsipeptide		antineoplastic agent;
fungal metabolite;
insecticide
bictegravir
bictegravir: HIV Integrase Inhibitors. bictegravir : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R,5S,13aR)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzylamine. It is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and used (as its sodium salt) for the treatment of HIV-1.		2.2510monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide;
trifluorobenzene		HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
carboxypeptidase b
Carboxypeptidase B: A ZINC-dependent carboxypeptidase primary found in the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The enzyme catalyzes the preferential cleavage of a C-terminal peptidyl-L-lysine or arginine. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.2.2 and EC 3.4.12.3.		7.8940
indolicidin
[no description available]		2.2110
peptide yy
peptide YY (3-36): amino acid sequence given in first source		2.0510
calpastatin
calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).		2.3920polypeptideEC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
angiotensin i
Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.		8.5180angiotensin;
peptide zwitterion		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter agent
cobamamide
cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12.		4.97120
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		3.2360
alpha-cobratoxin
alpha-cobratoxin: fron Naja nigricollis		3.5120
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-28): binding of synthetic beta-amyloid peptide fragments to glycosaminoglycan is pH-dependent		3.1150
epoetin alfa
Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients.		1.9310
angiotensin iii
Angiotensin III: A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AMINOPEPTIDASE A. Angiotensin III has the same efficacy as ANGIOTENSIN II in promoting ALDOSTERONE secretion and modifying renal blood flow, but less vasopressor activity (about 40%).		2.4120
lipofectamine
Lipofectamine: mediates gene transfer; a polycationic lipid reagent		2.0210
sta 2
STA 2: thromboxane A2 agonist; structure given in first source		1.9710
carboxyatractyloside
carboxyatractyloside: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.730
chebulagic acid
[no description available]		2.2510
trichodermin
Trichodermin: Antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly Trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry.. trichodermin : A tetracyclic spiroepoxide which acts as an antifungal and protein synthesis inhibitor.		1.9710
copper bis(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)
copper bis(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate): copper is intricate part of molecule; not copper salt; RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methylethyl moieties		1.9610
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		14.44830
oxyntomodulin
Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.		2.6630
transforming growth factor alpha
Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.		2.4120
dalfopristin
dalfopristin: component of RP-59500; structure in first source. dalfopristin : A macrolide that is pristinamycin IIA in which the double bond between positions 26 and 26a of the pyrroline ring has been reduced and position 26R carries a [2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfonyl group. It is a semi-synthetic streptogramin antibiotic and often used as a mixture with quinupristin for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium.		2.0110
nickel ferrite
nickel ferrite : A mixed metal oxide with formula Fe2NiO4.		2.1310
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		3.96130
flavin mononucleotide
Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.		6.3290
peptide yy
Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		2.4720
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.		4.7771
crambin protein, crambe abyssinica
crambin protein, Crambe abyssinica: 44 amino acid, molecular weight 5000, water-insoluble protein found in the seed of the plant Crambe abyssinica		2.0210
digitonin
Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.		1.9810
catalpol
catalpol: component of dihuang; RN given refers to (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta,5abeta,6beta,6aalpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92		4.6111
edetic acid
solasodine: RN given refers to (3beta,22alpha,25R)-isomer; structure. solasodine : An oxaspiro compound and steroid alkaloid sapogenin with formula C27H43NO2 found in the Solanum (nightshade) family. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of complex steroidal compounds such as contraceptive pills.		2.0110
oxytocin, gly-lys-arg-
[no description available]		1.9710
ovalicin
ovalicin: sesquiterpene isolated from culture filtrate of fungus Pseudorotium ovalis; shows antitumor activity; structure		1.9910
nnc0195-0092
NNC0195-0092: consists of mutated human growth hormone linked to a fatty acid that promotes binding to serum albumin		10.0393
carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin
[no description available]		2.4110
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		2.3620
apyrase
Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.		2.730
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		3.4880
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		8.531580
ribosomal protein l7-l12
[no description available]		2.1310
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined		4.53230
amyloid beta-peptides
[no description available]		210
chondroitin sulfates
Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.		2.9340
angiogenin
angiogenin: human tumor protein which stimulates growth of blood vessels; contains 123 amino acids; member of the pancreatic ribonuclease superfamily; MW 14,400		3.2560
staphylopine(1-)
staphylopine: a broad-spectrum metallophore related to nicotianamine in Staphylococcus aureus; structure in first source		2.8530organic molecular entity
pseudopaline(2-)
pseudopaline: a metallophore isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa; structure in first source		2.1510organic molecular entity
tetra(4-n-methylpyridyl)porphine
tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine: structure in first source		2.1710
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		2.42202-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		4.56805-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		5.562303',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
molybdenum cofactor
pyranopterin: structure in first source. pyranopterin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a pterin ring system having a pyran ring ortho-fused at any position.. molybdopterin : A molybdopterin that is the O-phospho derivative of [(5aR,8R,9aR)-2-amino-4-oxo-6,7-disulfanyl-3,5,5a,8,9a,10-hexahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-g]pteridin-8-yl]methanol.		2.1510molybdopterins
diguanosine tetraphosphate
P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-guanosyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.		210guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		6.69170purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		2.420deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
deoxyguanosine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.420deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydrofolate
dihydrofolic acid : A folic acid derivative acted upon by dihydrofolate reductase to produce tetrahydrofolic acid. It interacts with bacteria during cell division and is targeted by various drugs to prevent nucleic acid synthesis.		1.9610dihydrofolic acidsEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dihydroneopterin triphosphate
[no description available]		2.4220dihydropterin;
neopterins;
pterin phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		5.66250guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine diphosphate mannose
Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be converted to the deoxy sugar GDPfucose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls. Also acts as mannose donor for glycolipid synthesis.. GDP-D-mannose : A GDP-mannose in which the mannose fragment has D-configuration.. GDP-alpha-D-mannose : The alpha-anomer of GDP-D-mannose.		2.4620GDP-D-mannoseEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
guanosine pentaphosphate
Guanosine Pentaphosphate: Guanosine 5'-triphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing five phosphate groups. Three phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis.. guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate : A guanosine bisphosphate having a diphosphate at the 3'-position and a triphosphate at the 5'-position.		2.730guanosine 5'-phosphate;
guanosine bisphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine monophosphate
Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		5.34180guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		7.061040guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine
[no description available]		5.35502-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		3.98140guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
guanosine tetraphosphate
Guanosine Tetraphosphate: Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing four phosphate groups. Two phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis. Synonym: magic spot I.. guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) : A guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.		9.86110guanosine bisphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hypoxanthine
[no description available]		8.7821nucleobase analogue;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid
Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.		3.3970inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		4.1850inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sapropterin
sapropterin: RN given refers to parent cpd; co-factor required for catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthases. (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin : A 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin in which the stereocentre at position 6 has R-configuration.. sapropterin : A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer).		2.41205,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterincoenzyme;
cofactor;
diagnostic agent;
human metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		11.611641folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
3-methyladenine
N3-methyladenine: structure in first source		7.4120
queuine
[no description available]		1.9510pyrrolopyrimidineEscherichia coli metabolite
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		4.01140nucleoside triphosphate analogue
pheophytin a
pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S*,11S*),4beta,21beta))-isomer		3.73100
neopterin
[no description available]		2.9240
3'-guanylic acid
3'-guanylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. guanosine 3'-monophosphate : A guanosine 3'-phosphate compound with a monophosphate group at the 3'-position.		1.9810guanosine 3'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 3'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite
2',3'-cyclic gmp
2',3'-cyclic GMP: was GUANOSINE CYCLIC 2',3'-MONOPHOSPHATE see GUANOSINE CYCLIC MONOPHOSPHATE 1980-93; use CYCLIC GMP to search 1980-93. 2',3'-cyclic GMP : A 2',3'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which guanosine is used as the parent nucleoside.		1.99102',3'-cyclic purine nucleotideEscherichia coli metabolite
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		5.35190cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		7.610benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
ganciclovir
[no description available]		1.98102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		2.0310L-valyl esterantiviral drug
pralidoxime
pralidoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd; chloride was minor descriptor (75-80); on-line & Index Medicus search PRALIDOXIME COMPOUNDS (66-80). pralidoxime : A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.		2.420pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid: RN refers to parent cpd(L-Glu)-isomer		4.0240benzamides;
methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		13.512010nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
azaguanine
Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.		8.3370nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
guanylyl imidodiphosphate
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).		2.9140nucleoside triphosphate analogue
phenylamil
phenylamil: irreversible inhibitor of sodium channels in the toad urinary bladder		2.2110guanidines;
pyrazines
thiolactomycin
thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source		210
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate
(6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid : The 5,10-methenyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid arising from enzymatic cyclisation of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		2.0310methylenetetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diazeniumdiolate
diazeniumdiolate: a class of nitric oxide (NO) donors; structure in first source. 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-3-oxotriazane : A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by two ethyl groups, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group.		2.0610
2-amino-3-hydroxyphenazine
2-amino-3-hydroxyphenazine: structure given in first source		1.9910
forodesine
forodesine: structure in first source		2.0410dihydroxypyrrolidine;
pyrrolopyrimidine
cytarabine
Guanosine Diphosphate Fucose: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar formed from GDPmannose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls, and for blood group substances and other glycoproteins.		1.9910GDP-fucose
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		2.4520citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
vardenafil dihydrochloride
Vardenafil Dihydrochloride: A piperazine derivative, PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5 INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR AGENT that is used as a UROLOGICAL AGENT in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.		2.0310
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		3.2560tetrahydrofolic acid
8-hydroxyguanine
7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen.		7.830oxopurine
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		2.8740
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		4.21180nitroso compoundalkylating agent
bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid
[no description available]		2.4820cyclic purine dinucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		immunomodulator;
signalling molecule
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.		4.7870guanosinesbiomarker
2-naphthol orange
2-naphthol orange: structure; see also record for C.I. Solvent Orange 2		2.0610
asoxime chloride
[no description available]		2.0510
coelenterazine
coelenterazine: active group in AEQUORIN, a coelenterate luciferin. Oplophorus luciferin : An imidazopyrazine that is imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one in which positions 2, 6, and 8 are substituted by 4-hydroxybenzyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, and benzyl groups, respectively.		2.4220
guanylyl-(3'-5')-uridine
[no description available]		1.9810
amg531
[no description available]		2.0610
prodigiosin
Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.		7.3520
2'-guanylic acid
2'-guanylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. guanosine 2'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 2'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		1.9710purine ribonucleoside 2'-monophosphateEC 3.1.27.3 (ribonuclease T1) inhibitor
7-methylguanosine 5'-diphosphate
7-methylguanosine 5'-diphosphate : A guanosine 5'-phosphate that consists of guanosine 5'-diphosphate bearing a 7-methyl substituent and having a negatively charged diphosphate group.. 7-methylguanosine 5'-diphosphate(1+) : A guanosine 5'-phosphate that consists of guanosine 5'-diphosphate bearing a 7-methyl substituent.		2.0410guanosine 5'-phosphate
way-169916
WAY-169916: nonsteroidal selective NF-kappaB inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0710
5-methyltetrahydrofolate
5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.		4.6850
fr 167653
FR 167653: structure given in first source		2.0210
mocimycin
mocimycin: induces GTPase activity of EF-TU; N-demethyl analog of antibiotic X-5108; structure		1.9910C-glycosyl compound
n(7)-hydroxyethylguanine
[no description available]		1.9710
ninopterin
ninopterin: structure		1.9610
phosphocreatinine
phosphocreatinine: cyclic deriv of phosphocreatine; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
8-hydroxyguanosine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.0210
enng
[no description available]		210
nucleoside q
Nucleoside Q: A modified nucleoside which is present in the first position of the anticodon of tRNA-tyrosine, tRNA-histidine, tRNA-asparagine and tRNA-aspartic acid of many organisms. It is believed to play a role in the regulatory function of tRNA. Nucleoside Q can be further modified to nucleoside Q*, which has a mannose or galactose moiety linked to position 4 of its cyclopentenediol moiety.. queuosine : A nucleoside found in tRNA that has an additional cyclopentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methyl-7-deazaguanosine. The cyclopentenyl ring may carry other substituents.		2.36207-deazaguanine ribonucleoside
guanosine 5'-o-(1-thiotriphosphate)
[no description available]		2.0810
methanopterin
methanopterin: isolated from Methanobacterium thermautotrophicum. methanopterin : A member of the class of methanopterins obtained by formal dehydrogenation at positions 5, 6, 7 and 8 of tetrahydromethanopterin. The parent of the class of methanopterins		2.0310methanopterins
cb 3705
CB 3705: inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase & thymidylate synthetase		210
drosopterin
drosopterin: eye pigments of Drosophila melanogaster; RN given refers to (trans)-(+-)-isomer; structure		2.0510
molybdenum cofactor
molybdenum cofactor: also see records for molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide and molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor(2-) : An organophosphate oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor.. MoO2-molybdopterin cofactor : An Mo-molybdopterin cofactor in which the coordinated molybdenum species is MoO2.		2.6930Mo-molybdopterin cofactor;
organophosphate oxoanion
cyanine dye 3
cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source		3.1550
3'-(methylanthraniloyl)-2'-deoxy-guanosine diphosphate
[no description available]		210
alcian blue
Alcian Blue: A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.		2.0510
lipoteichoic acid
lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.		2.9340
l 161240
L 161240: structure in first source		2.0310
eye
[no description available]		3.5790
lacticin 481
lacticin 481: amino acid sequence given in first source; a lantibiotic; GenBank X71410 (L. lactis)		2.0310
acetylcellulose
acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.		4.8621
carbidopa
Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		2.6430
amyloid beta-peptides
[no description available]		4.11140
succinoglycan
succinoglycan: extracellular heteropolysaccharides from Rhizobium meliloti; polymer of octasacharide subunits, one pyruvate, one acetyl & one succinyl group per subunit		1.9910
decanoyl-coenzyme a
[no description available]		210
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		4.05150
nisin z
nisin Z: amino acid sequence given in first source; differs from nisin in a single amino acid		1.9910
trypsinogen
Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)		5.23121
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		6.16240
vermiculite
[no description available]		7.4720
yo-pro 1
YO-PRO 1: a generally membrane impermeable fluorescent dye		2.0710
dinitrobenzenes
Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.		3.3470
chloroaluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine
chloroaluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810
aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine
[no description available]		210
2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein
[no description available]		2.6830
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		4.64280
temporin
temporin: isolated from frogs Rana temporaria & R. clamitans; has many isoforms; amino acid sequence in first source		8.0430
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		7.9440
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		3.580
10-formyl-5,8-dideazafolate
10-formyl-5,8-dideazafolate: structure given in first source		210
somatomedin b
somatomedin B: not the same as sulfation factor it is growth hormone dependent and has trypsin inhibitor activity; see also record for somatomedin A		2.1310
filipin
Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.		2.0510
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		2.6430
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		011.61194
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		011.61194
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		03.96130
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		03.96130
Scurf
[description not available]		02.1310
Dandruff
Excessive shedding of dry scaly material from the scalp in humans.		02.1310
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.7230
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.7230
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		04.3980
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		04.3980
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		08.4780
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		017.9920283
Itching
[description not available]		02.6930
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		03.4780
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		02.6930
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		03.5990
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		03.5990
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		012.29935
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		012.29935
Vitiligo
A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.		02.3110
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		04.39220
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		04.39220
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		02.7730
Dwarfism, Growth Hormone Deficiency
[description not available]		07.7652
Dwarfism, Pituitary
A form of dwarfism caused by complete or partial GROWTH HORMONE deficiency, resulting from either the lack of GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR from the HYPOTHALAMUS or from the mutations in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in the PITUITARY GLAND. It is also known as Type I pituitary dwarfism. Human hypophysial dwarf is caused by a deficiency of HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE during development.		07.7652
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		03.1350
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		06.64300
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		03.1350
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		07.42351
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		07.42351
Abnormalities, Multiple
Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.		03.2860
Facial Palsy
[description not available]		02.3110
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		03.2960
External Ophthalmoplegia
[description not available]		02.5220
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		04.7550
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		06.89261
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		03.2960
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		04.7550
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		06.89261
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		06.86142
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		06.86142
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		03.3310
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		05.1980
Allergy, Food
[description not available]		03.730
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		05.1980
Food Hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.		03.730
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		012.33711
American Trypanosomiasis
[description not available]		02.7730
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.		02.7730
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		06.94281
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		05.7471
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		04.4280
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		03.7430
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		011.94281
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		05.7471
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		04.4280
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		03.7430
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		014.726216
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		014.726216
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		02.3110
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		02.8740
Thoracic Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.		02.3110
Leukoma
[description not available]		02.5220
alpha-LCAT Deficiency
[description not available]		02.4110
Corneal Opacity
Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.		02.5220
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency
An autosomal recessive disorder of lipoprotein metabolism caused by mutation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE gene. It is characterized by low HDL-cholesterol levels, and the triad of CORNEAL OPACITIES; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; and PROTEINURIA with renal failure.		02.4110
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		02.8130
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		05.12100
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		05.12100
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		04.77100
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		011.3199
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic
[description not available]		04.921
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		011.3199
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.		04.921
HbS Disease
[description not available]		04.9590
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		04.64260
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		04.9590
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		04.64260
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		012.081240
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		05.22121
Dementias, Transmissible
[description not available]		04.150
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		03.4320
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		03.4320
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		014.5726117
AL Amyloidosis
[description not available]		02.4110
Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis
A nonproliferative disorder of the PLASMA CELL characterized by excessive production and misfolding of IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS that form insoluble amyloid fibrils (see AMYLOID DEPOSITS) in various tissues. Clinical features include LIVER FAILURE; MULTIPLE MYELOMA; NEPHROTIC SYNDROME; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY, and neuropathies.		02.4110
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		010.37159
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		04.98150
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		04.98150
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		03.69100
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		03.69100
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		03.4170
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		03.4170
Microcephaly
A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)		03.4820
Decreased Muscle Tone
[description not available]		03.7130
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		09.05154
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		011.47599
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		07.16201
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		011.47599
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		07.16201
Infections, Mycobacterium
[description not available]		03.5830
Mycobacterium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.		03.5830
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		04.22180
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		04.22180
Aura
[description not available]		04.91140
Congenital Hypocupremia
[description not available]		06.51440
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		09.91140
Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome
An inherited disorder of copper metabolism transmitted as an X-linked trait and characterized by the infantile onset of HYPOTHERMIA, feeding difficulties, hypotonia, SEIZURES, bony deformities, pili torti (twisted hair), and severely impaired intellectual development. Defective copper transport across plasma and endoplasmic reticulum membranes results in copper being unavailable for the synthesis of several copper containing enzymes, including PROTEIN-LYSINE 6-OXIDASE; CERULOPLASMIN; and SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE. Pathologic changes include defects in arterial elastin, neuronal loss, and gliosis. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p125)		011.51440
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		08.19562
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		013.19562
Inadequate Sleep
[description not available]		02.3920
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic
[description not available]		02.4110
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		03.6330
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever		02.4110
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		03.6330
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		05.8381
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		05.8381
Child Mental Disorders
[description not available]		02.4110
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
These are a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period. The disorders typically manifest early in development, often before the child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. (From DSM-5).		02.4110
Celiac Sprue
[description not available]		04.81130
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.		04.81130
Pyrexia
[description not available]		04.3141
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		04.3141
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		08.1654
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		09.99166
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		09.0675
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		09.99166
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		08.1654
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		04.6251
Acidosis, Diabetic
[description not available]		02.6730
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		04.6251
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.		02.6730
Infection, Wound
[description not available]		02.6920
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		08.48262
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		05.771
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		07.5320
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		06.28121
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		02.5320
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		03.1350
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		06.28121
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		03.3160
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		03.3160
Dysentery, Shiga bacillus
[description not available]		02.5520
Dysentery, Bacillary
DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest).		02.5520
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		05.380
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
[description not available]		05.6270
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)		010.6270
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		05.380
Endotoxemia
A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.		02.4110
Brucella Infection
[description not available]		02.7930
Brucellosis
Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.		02.7930
Acquired Neuromyotonia
[description not available]		04.3730
Atrophy, Muscular, Peroneal
[description not available]		05.71130
Cramp
[description not available]		03.3310
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)		010.71130
Muscle Cramp
A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)		03.3310
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		010.27149
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		015.8484
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		011.03524
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		010.8484
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		011.03524
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		05.63191
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		05.63191
Hyperkinetic Dysphonia
[description not available]		02.4110
DDPAC
[description not available]		02.8630
Dystonia
An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)		03.1450
Breathing Sounds
[description not available]		02.4110
Respiratory Sounds
Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.		02.4110
Dysphonia
Difficulty and/or pain in PHONATION or speaking.		02.4110
Frontotemporal Dementia
The most common clinical form of FRONTOTEMPORAL LOBAR DEGENERATION, this dementia presents with personality and behavioral changes often associated with disinhibition, apathy, and lack of insight.		07.8630
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational
[description not available]		02.920
Diabetes, Gestational
Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.		02.920
Grippe
[description not available]		04.1860
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.		04.1860
Haemonchiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.		02.4110
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		08.36263
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		08.36263
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		07.52282
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		05.16180
Interstitial Cell Tumor
[description not available]		02.4110
Cancer of Testis
[description not available]		02.830
Testicular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.		02.830
Malnourishment
[description not available]		02.8130
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck
[description not available]		02.4110
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		02.7630
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.4110
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		02.7630
Malnutrition
An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.		02.8130
Leanness
[description not available]		02.610
Enterovirus Infections
Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.		02.3920
Fish Diseases
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).		04.7461
DNA Virus Infections
Diseases caused by DNA VIRUSES.		02.4110
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		03.98140
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		03.98140
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
[description not available]		03.3310
Intestinal Perforation
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.		03.3320
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing
ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.		03.3310
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		04.1831
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		04.1831
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome
[description not available]		02.7530
Demyelinating Diseases
Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.		02.7530
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		010.06922
Cerebral Malaria
[description not available]		07.8630
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
A clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary conditions characterized by malformed DENTAL ENAMEL, usually involving DENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA and/or TOOTH HYPOMINERALIZATION.		02.7430
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		06.76231
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		06.76231
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		05.9481
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		05.9481
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		09.25690
Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder
[description not available]		02.4110
Tourette Syndrome
A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)		02.4110
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		02.8630
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		09.34453
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		09.34453
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		04.3741
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		011.32202
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		04.3741
Aortic Dissection
[description not available]		03.84100
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic
[description not available]		04.0290
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		07.64286
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		07.64286
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		012.0919913
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		03.1130
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		03.1130
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		011.933016
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		02.7220
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
A progressive rare pulmonary disease characterized by high blood pressure in the PULMONARY ARTERY.		02.610
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		011.933016
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		02.7220
Malignant Mesothelioma
[description not available]		02.610
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.610
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		04.73100
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		04.73100
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		02.610
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		02.610
Pigmentary Retinopathy
[description not available]		05.06160
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.		05.06160
Aortic Valve Disease 1
[description not available]		02.610
Heart Valve Diseases
Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).		02.6620
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease
Congenital heart valve defects where the AORTIC VALVE has two instead of normal three cusps. It is often associated with AORTIC REGURGITATION and AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY.		02.610
Caries, Dental
[description not available]		03.9950
Dental Caries
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.		03.9950
Gestational Hypertension
[description not available]		02.610
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		04.02150
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		04.02150
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (		02.610
Amyloidosis
A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.		03.8110
Sarcopenia
Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.		02.610
Pericementitis
[description not available]		02.610
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		07.610
Fetal Macrosomia
A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.		02.610
Drooling
[description not available]		02.610
Sialorrhea
Increased salivary flow.		07.610
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		09.4850
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		04.4850
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		03.4150
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		05.98101
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		010.98101
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		03.4150
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn
[description not available]		010.482420
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		0874
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		08.43124
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		0874
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		08.43124
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		02.9440
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		02.9440
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		04.7971
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		02.4520
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		03.1150
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		04.7971
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		02.4520
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		08.1150
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		07.07300
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		07.07300
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.610
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		08.32114
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		02.610
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		013.32114
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		03.2760
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		15.2760
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		05.24120
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		010.24120
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency
[description not available]		02.6320
Fabry Disease
An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.		02.6320
Fusobacterium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus FUSOBACTERIUM.		02.2110
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		016.457650
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		06.79122
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		011.79122
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		02.2510
Dextro-Looped Transposition of the Great Arteries
[description not available]		02.2510
Transposition of Great Vessels
A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the AORTA arises entirely from the RIGHT VENTRICLE, and the PULMONARY ARTERY arises from the LEFT VENTRICLE. Consequently, the pulmonary and the systemic circulations are parallel and not sequential, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is re-circulated by the right ventricle via aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs. This is a potentially lethal form of heart disease in newborns and infants.		02.2510
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		015.1720115
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		06.4651
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		06.4651
Paraganglioma, Gangliocytic
[description not available]		02.4620
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal
[description not available]		02.6830
Paraganglioma
A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.4620
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)		02.6830
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.01420
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		04.3370
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital
A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.		04.3370
Metaplasia
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.		02.2510
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		02.3920
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		02.3920
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		05.3441
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		05.3441
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		06.53181
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		02.940
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		02.940
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		02.9140
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		02.6730
Abdominal Obesity
[description not available]		04.0440
Protein Aggregation, Pathological
A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.		03.5270
Amentia
[description not available]		04.3841
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		04.3841
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		02.2510
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		05.4851
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		05.4851
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		03.9140
Infections, Pneumococcal
[description not available]		03.2860
Pneumococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		03.2860
Actinic Keratosis
[description not available]		02.2510
Keratosis, Actinic
White or pink lesions on the arms, hands, face, or scalp that arise from sun-induced DNA DAMAGE to KERATINOCYTES in exposed areas. They are considered precursor lesions to superficial SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA.		02.2510
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		03.0850
Stammering
[description not available]		08.2160
Stuttering
A disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age. This disturbance is characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables. Various other types of speech dysfluencies may also be involved including interjections, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with an excess of physical tension, and monosyllabic whole word repetitions. Stuttering may occur as a developmental condition in childhood or as an acquired disorder which may be associated with BRAIN INFARCTIONS and other BRAIN DISEASES. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		08.2160
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		04.8821
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		04.8821
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		05.2941
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		06.19240
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		05.1880
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		03.6930
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		06.19240
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		05.1880
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		010.2941
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		02.5920
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.5920
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		05.6571
Recrudescence
[description not available]		05.7842
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
[description not available]		04.4311
Hibernation, Myocardial
[description not available]		04.7721
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant
[description not available]		04.4311
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		09.91119
Chronic Hepatitis B
[description not available]		04.4311
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction
[description not available]		05.2641
Apoplexy
[description not available]		05.0931
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated
[description not available]		04.4311
Ductal Carcinoma
[description not available]		04.4311
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm
[description not available]		04.8121
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		06.3682
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		04.4311
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		05.8451
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		07.7454
Primary Graft Dysfunction
A form of ischemia-reperfusion injury occurring in the early period following transplantation. Significant pathophysiological changes in MITOCHONDRIA are the main cause of the dysfunction. It is most often seen in the transplanted lung, liver, or kidney and can lead to GRAFT REJECTION.		07.0561
Airway Remodeling
The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.		04.4311
Atheroma
[description not available]		04.4311
Lower Urinary Tract Symptom
[description not available]		04.4311
Adolescent Obesity
[description not available]		04.4311
Allergic Rhinitis
[description not available]		09.8521
Thyroid Cancer, Anaplastic
[description not available]		04.4311
Encephalopathy, Traumatic
[description not available]		04.4311
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer
[description not available]		04.4311
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.		04.8721
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		06.5171
Anoxemia
[description not available]		06.86151
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		06.76132
Amaurosis
[description not available]		04.9531
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		04.7721
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		06.35141
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		07.09331
Clostridioides difficile Infection
[description not available]		04.7421
Anasarca
[description not available]		06.56111
Cutis Elastica
[description not available]		04.4311
E coli Infections
[description not available]		05.98101
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		05.9251
Exanthem
[description not available]		04.8621
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		05.9291
Bleeding
[description not available]		04.9831
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		07.8454
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		04.4311
Hypermobility, Joint
[description not available]		04.4311
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		010.08415
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		07.19221
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		06.03101
Metastase
[description not available]		08.45104
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		07.7154
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		04.721
Prediabetes
[description not available]		04.8721
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		05.632
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		04.8721
Cancer of Salivary Gland
[description not available]		04.4311
Hemorrhagic Shock
[description not available]		04.7621
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		06.2681
Blood Clot
[description not available]		05.4151
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		05.2241
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		05.4151
Deficiency, Vitamin D
[description not available]		04.9631
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		011.3591
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		09.07434
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal
[description not available]		05.2922
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative
[description not available]		07.8964
Hangman Fracture
[description not available]		04.4311
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia
[description not available]		04.4311
Eye Infections, Fungal
Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.		04.4311
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		09.8109
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		05.9591
Cell Transformation, Viral
An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.		05.99101
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		04.821
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.		04.4311
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		06.5171
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		011.86151
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		06.76132
Blindness
The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.		04.9531
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		06.35141
Clostridium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.		04.7421
Connective Tissue Diseases
A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.		05.1821
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		06.56111
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
A heterogeneous group of autosomally inherited COLLAGEN DISEASES caused by defects in the synthesis or structure of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are numerous subtypes: classical, hypermobility, vascular, and others. Common clinical features include hyperextensible skin and joints, skin fragility and reduced wound healing capability.		04.4311
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		05.98101
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		05.9251
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		04.8621
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		05.9291
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		09.9831
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		07.8454
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		04.4311
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		010.08415
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		012.19221
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		06.25131
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		08.45104
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		011.11111
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		07.7154
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		04.721
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		09.85109
Prediabetic State
The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		04.8721
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		05.632
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		04.8721
Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.		04.4311
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		06.2681
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		010.4151
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		05.2241
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		05.4151
Uveitis
Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)		04.9731
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)		04.9631
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		06.3591
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		014.07434
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.		05.2922
Spinal Fractures
Broken bones in the vertebral column.		04.4311
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.		07.8964
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.		04.4311
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.		04.4311
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		09.91119
Hepatitis B, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		04.4311
Brain Infarction
Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.		05.2641
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		010.0931
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell
A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).		04.4311
Carcinoma, Ductal
Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.		04.4311
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).		04.8121
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		05.8451
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		07.7454
Rhinitis, Allergic
An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.		04.8521
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic
An aggressive THYROID GLAND malignancy which generally occurs in IODINE-deficient areas in people with previous thyroid pathology such as GOITER. It is associated with CELL DEDIFFERENTIATION of THYROID CARCINOMA (e.g., FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA; PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER). Typical initial presentation is a rapidly growing neck mass which upon metastasis is associated with DYSPHAGIA; NECK PAIN; bone pain; DYSPNEA; and NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS.		04.4311
Diathesis
[description not available]		03.5280
Acinetobacter Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.		02.5820
Deficiency, Glucosephosphatase
[description not available]		02.9440
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I
An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood.		02.9440
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		02.2510
Donohue Syndrome
Rare autosomal recessive syndrome of extreme insulin resistance due to mutations in the binding domain of INSULIN RECEPTOR. Clinical features include severe intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, characteristic dysmorphic FACIES; HIRSUTISM; VIRILIZATION; multiple endocrine abnormalities, and early death.		02.2510
Acanthosis Nigricans
A circumscribed melanosis consisting of a brown-pigmented, velvety verrucosity or fine papillomatosis appearing in the axillae and other body folds. It occurs in association with endocrine disorders, underlying malignancy, administration of certain drugs, or as in inherited disorder.		02.2510
Chronic Liver Failure
[description not available]		02.6320
End Stage Liver Disease
Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.		02.6320
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		03.3970
Cryptosporidium Infection
[description not available]		02.2510
Cryptosporidiosis
Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.		07.2510
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		04.05140
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		04.05140
Macrocephaly
[description not available]		02.2510
Child Development Deviations
[description not available]		04.480
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		02.8840
Developmental Disabilities
Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)		04.480
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		02.8840
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		08.8920
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		03.8920
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		03.8110
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		03.8110
Communicable Diseases, Emerging
Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.		02.2510
Hyponatremia
Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)		07.3110
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		04.4551
Circoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CIRCOVIRIDAE.		02.2510
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		06.1190
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		06.1190
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		04.4790
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		04.4790
Deficiency Diseases
A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		08.7421
Lysosomal Enzyme Disorders
[description not available]		02.2510
Cretinism
[description not available]		03.5930
Congenital Hypothyroidism
A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.		03.5930
Acute Ischemic Stroke
[description not available]		02.3110
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		09.85120
Ischemic Stroke
Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.		07.3110
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		04.85120
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis
[description not available]		02.3920
Neurofibromatosis 1
An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).		02.3920
Stunted Growth
[description not available]		010.16161
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.		010.16161
Ichthyosis Simplex
[description not available]		02.2510
Tuberculosis, Bovine
An infection of cattle caused by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. It is transmissible to man and other animals.		02.3110
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		05.54120
Adipocere
[description not available]		03.5630
Acne
[description not available]		02.8840
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		02.8840
Aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic
[description not available]		03.9911
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		05.08101
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.		03.9911
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		05.08101
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.3110
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.3110
Brain Dead
[description not available]		02.5320
Addison Disease and Cerebral Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.3110
Adrenoleukodystrophy
An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the LYSOSOMES of ADRENAL CORTEX and the white matter of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This disease occurs almost exclusively in the males. Clinical features include the childhood onset of ATAXIA; NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERPIGMENTATION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SEIZURES; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and DEMENTIA. The slowly progressive adult form is called adrenomyeloneuropathy. The defective gene ABCD1 is located at Xq28, and encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS).		02.3110
Tauopathies
Neurodegenerative disorders involving deposition of abnormal tau protein isoforms (TAU PROTEINS) in neurons and glial cells in the brain. Pathological aggregations of tau proteins are associated with mutation of the tau gene on chromosome 17 in patients with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS; progressive supranuclear palsy (SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE); and corticobasal degeneration.		02.5720
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by frontal and temporal lobe atrophy associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and dementia. Patients exhibit progressive changes in social, behavioral, and/or language function. Multiple subtypes or forms are recognized based on presence or absence of TAU PROTEIN inclusions. FTLD includes three clinical syndromes: FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, semantic dementia, and PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE NONFLUENT APHASIA.		02.3110
Rida
[description not available]		04.0550
Convulsions, Febrile
[description not available]		02.7830
Seizures, Febrile
Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784)		02.7830
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		07.87273
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		07.87273
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		02.5720
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		02.5720
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.		02.1510
Bronchospasm
[description not available]		02.1710
Food Poisoning
[description not available]		04.76120
Bronchial Spasm
Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.		02.1710
Anodontia
Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.1510
Anhidrosis
[description not available]		02.1510
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia, X-Linked
[description not available]		02.1510
Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhidrotic
An X-linked form of ectodermal dysplasia which results from mutations of the gene encoding ECTODYSPLASIN.		02.1510
Atrophy, Muscle
[description not available]		02.6730
Mental Retardation, X-Linked
A class of genetic disorders resulting in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY that is associated either with mutations of GENES located on the X CHROMOSOME or aberrations in the structure of the X chromosome (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS).		02.1510
Muscular Atrophy
Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.		02.6730
Cleidocranial Digital Dysostosis
[description not available]		02.1510
Puerperal Disorders
Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.		02.4320
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		03.3360
Adenocarcinoma, Endometrioid
[description not available]		02.1710
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		04.1860
Carcinoma, Endometrioid
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOMETRIUM. It is a common histological type of ovarian CARCINOMA and ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA. There is a high frequency of co-occurrence of this form of adenocarcinoma in both tissues.		02.1710
Lassitude
[description not available]		04.4822
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		04.4822
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		04.8481
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		04.0831
Berger Disease
[description not available]		02.1710
Glomerulonephritis, IGA
A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.		02.1710
Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1710
Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear
[description not available]		02.7730
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive
A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)		02.7730
Multiple System Atrophy
A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)		02.1710
Anoxia, Brain
[description not available]		02.4520
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.4780
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency
[description not available]		02.1710
Gaucher Disease
An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.		02.1710
Polyploid
[description not available]		02.6630
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		03.71100
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		08.71100
Break-Bone Fever
[description not available]		02.1710
Dengue
An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.		02.1710
Parodontosis
[description not available]		02.7130
Periodontal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.		02.7130
Deafness, Transitory
[description not available]		02.7730
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		07.52740
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		07.52740
Hearing Loss
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.		02.7730
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		02.7530
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		02.7530
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection
[description not available]		03.1210
Diphtheria
A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.		03.1210
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy
[description not available]		02.5120
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal
A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		02.5120
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		05.55280
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.7530
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		02.7530
Cocaine Abuse
[description not available]		02.2110
Cocaine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.		02.2110
Motor Disorders
Motor skills deficits that significantly and persistently interfere with ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING appropriate to chronological age. (from DSM-5)		02.1710
Entamoeba histolytica Infection
[description not available]		02.2110
Hepatoblastoma
A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.2110
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		03.5730
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		03.5730
Caliciviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.		02.2110
Dystocia
Slow or difficult OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH.		07.6120
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		04.1331
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		04.1331
Central Nervous System Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.5220
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.		02.5220
Channelopathies
A variety of neuromuscular conditions resulting from MUTATIONS in ION CHANNELS manifesting as episodes of EPILEPSY; HEADACHE DISORDERS; and DYSKINESIAS.		02.2110
Infections, Klebsiella
[description not available]		02.2110
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		04.4790
Klebsiella Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.		02.2110
Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex
[description not available]		02.2110
AIDS Dementia Complex
A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)		02.2110
Disease Resistance
The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.		03.0640
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		02.3920
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		02.3920
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		05.03420
Central Nervous System Syphilis
[description not available]		02.2110
Alveolar Echinococcosis, Hepatic
[description not available]		02.2110
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.5220
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		02.5220
Adult-Onset Dystonias
[description not available]		03.1550
Dystonic Disorders
Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.		03.1550
Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia
[description not available]		02.0810
Autosomal Hemophilia A
[description not available]		03.470
Hemophilia A
The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.		03.470
Afibrinogenemia, Congenital
[description not available]		03.69100
Afibrinogenemia
A deficiency or absence of FIBRINOGEN in the blood.		03.69100
Chronic Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.6830
Pancreatitis, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.		02.6830
Besnier-Boeck Disease
[description not available]		03.7821
Sarcoidosis
An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.		03.7821
Panuveitis
Inflammation in which both the anterior and posterior segments of the uvea are involved and a specific focus is not apparent. It is often severe and extensive and a serious threat to vision. Causes include systemic diseases such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and syphilis, as well as malignancies. The intermediate segment of the eye is not involved.		02.0810
Uveitis, Posterior
Inflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis.		02.0810
Viremia
The presence of viruses in the blood.		02.0810
Alpha Virus Infections
[description not available]		02.7530
Type 1 von Willebrand Disease
[description not available]		02.0810
Heavy Metal Poisoning, Nervous System
Conditions associated with damage or dysfunction of the nervous system caused by exposure to heavy metals, which may cause a variety of central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous system injuries.		02.0810
Retinal Degeneration
A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)		08.94130
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		03.2160
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		08.2160
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		04.25190
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		04.57100
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		08.44301
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		09.57100
Delayed Graft Function
General dysfunction of an organ occurring immediately following its transplantation. The term most frequently refers to renal dysfunction following KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		02.0810
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia
[description not available]		02.8840
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.		02.8840
Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxia, Type II
[description not available]		03.3260
Ataxias, Hereditary
[description not available]		02.9540
Spinocerebellar Ataxias
A group of predominately late-onset, cerebellar ataxias which have been divided into multiple subtypes based on clinical features and genetic mapping. Progressive ataxia is a central feature of these conditions, and in certain subtypes POLYNEUROPATHY; DYSARTHRIA; visual loss; and other disorders may develop. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch65, pp 12-17; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998 Jun;57(6):531-43)		03.3260
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease)
[description not available]		04.1960
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome
A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27))		04.1960
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.4720
Bile Duct Cancer
[description not available]		02.6830
Bile Duct Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.		02.6830
Cholangiocarcinoma
A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.		02.4720
Familial Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
[description not available]		04.1960
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
An autosomal dominant familial disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of skeletal muscle weakness associated with falls in serum potassium levels. The condition usually presents in the first or second decade of life with attacks of trunk and leg paresis during sleep or shortly after awakening. Symptoms may persist for hours to days and generally are precipitated by exercise or a meal high in carbohydrates. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1483)		04.1960
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		02.0810
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia
[description not available]		03.420
Dementia, Vascular
An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)		03.420
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		03.690
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		03.690
Cyanosis
A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.		04.590
Anemia, Megaloblastic
A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS.		04.3680
Corneal Dystrophies
[description not available]		02.9640
Birnaviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the BIRNAVIRIDAE.		02.4620
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		08.4580
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		03.4580
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.		03.95130
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		05.25120
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		05.25120
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		02.7430
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		02.7430
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		03.3720
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		03.3720
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		03.6390
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		08.6390
Apraxia, Ideokinetic
[description not available]		02.110
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		03.1650
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		03.1650
Hyperdactyly
[description not available]		02.110
Polysyndactyly
[description not available]		02.4920
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease
[description not available]		02.110
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.		02.110
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve
[description not available]		02.5220
Salmonella Infections, Animal
Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.		02.9240
Deficiency, Folic Acid
[description not available]		010.16731
Folic Acid Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)		010.16731
Alkalosis
A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.		02.1110
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		04.6161
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		04.6161
Benign Essential Tremor
[description not available]		02.1110
Essential Tremor
A relatively common disorder characterized by a fairly specific pattern of tremors which are most prominent in the upper extremities and neck, inducing titubations of the head. The tremor is usually mild, but when severe may be disabling. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance may occur in some families (i.e., familial tremor). (Mov Disord 1988;13(1):5-10)		02.1110
T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.1110
Lymphoma, T-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.		02.1110
Infections, Vibrio
[description not available]		02.1110
Cardiac Death
[description not available]		03.8140
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.		02.1110
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		02.1110
Botulism, Infantile
[description not available]		02.1110
Botulism
A disease caused by potent protein NEUROTOXINS produced by CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM which interfere with the presynaptic release of ACETYLCHOLINE at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. Clinical features include abdominal pain, vomiting, acute PARALYSIS (including respiratory paralysis), blurred vision, and DIPLOPIA. Botulism may be classified into several subtypes (e.g., food-borne, infant, wound, and others). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1208)		02.1110
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		03.8540
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		08.8540
Allodynia
[description not available]		03.1550
Ache
[description not available]		05.4682
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		05.4682
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		04.9931
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		03.511
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		03.511
Cleft Palate, Isolated
[description not available]		03.2920
Methemoglobinemia
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4620
Cleft Palate
Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.		03.2920
CACH Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1110
Starvation
Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)		04.95390
Brain Atrophy, Circumscribed Lobar
[description not available]		02.1110
Pick Disease of the Brain
A rare form of DEMENTIA that is sometimes familial. Clinical features include APHASIA; APRAXIA; CONFUSION; ANOMIA; memory loss; and personality deterioration. This pattern is consistent with the pathologic findings of circumscribed atrophy of the poles of the FRONTAL LOBE and TEMPORAL LOBE. Neuronal loss is maximal in the HIPPOCAMPUS, entorhinal cortex, and AMYGDALA. Some ballooned cortical neurons contain argentophylic (Pick) bodies. (From Brain Pathol 1998 Apr;8(2):339-54; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1057-9)		02.1110
Anochlesia
[description not available]		03.0650
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		03.3220
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		03.3220
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		02.1310
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		02.1310
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		02.6830
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		02.6830
Dunnigan Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1310
Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial
Inherited conditions characterized by the partial loss of ADIPOSE TISSUE, either confined to the extremities with normal or increased fat deposits on the face, neck and trunk (type 1), or confined to the loss of SUBCUTANEOUS FAT from the limbs and trunk (type 2). Type 3 is associated with mutation in the gene encoding PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA.		02.1310
Aspergillus Infection
[description not available]		02.1310
Aspergillosis
Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.		02.1310
Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		05.27210
Muscular Dystrophies
A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.		05.27210
Oxaluria, Primary
[description not available]		02.1310
Hyperoxaluria, Primary
A genetic disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of OXALATES in urine; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; early onset of RENAL FAILURE; and often a generalized deposit of CALCIUM OXALATE. There are subtypes classified by the enzyme defects in glyoxylate metabolism.		02.1310
HPV Infection
[description not available]		02.1310
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		04.63100
Cervix Dysplasia
[description not available]		02.1310
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.4420
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		04.63100
Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
Abnormal development of immature squamous EPITHELIAL CELLS of the UTERINE CERVIX, a term used to describe premalignant cytological changes in the cervical EPITHELIUM. These atypical cells do not penetrate the epithelial BASEMENT MEMBRANE.		02.1310
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.4420
Papillomavirus Infections
Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.		02.1310
Adult Periodontitis
[description not available]		02.1310
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
[description not available]		02.1310
Graft vs Host Disease
The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.		02.1310
Visceral Pain
Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN.		02.1510
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		02.3920
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)		02.1510
Allergy, Milk
[description not available]		02.1510
Milk Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase.		02.1510
Foot and Mouth Disease
[description not available]		02.1310
Empyema, Gall Bladder
[description not available]		02.3920
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.		02.3920
Bladder Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1310
Cystitis, Interstitial
A condition with recurring discomfort or pain in the URINARY BLADDER and the surrounding pelvic region without an identifiable disease. Severity of pain in interstitial cystitis varies greatly and often is accompanied by increased urination frequency and urgency.		02.1310
Respiration Disorders
Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.		02.4220
Myoclonic Jerk
[description not available]		02.8940
Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms
[description not available]		02.6830
Spasms, Infantile
An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)		02.6830
Blast Injuries
Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.1510
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
[description not available]		02.1510
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.		02.1510
Triploid
[description not available]		07.1510
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus
[description not available]		02.9610
Lupus Nephritis
Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).		02.9610
Wasting Disease
[description not available]		02.0410
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		03.5790
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		08.5790
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (		02.4420
Benign Mastocytoma
[description not available]		02.0510
Ventricular Dysfunction
A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.		02.0410
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		03.92130
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		02.0410
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		08.92130
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		02.0410
Choroid Neovascularization
[description not available]		02.4420
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
[description not available]		05.14170
Macular Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.		05.14170
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid
A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, and are readily cured by excision. The high-grade behave aggressively, widely infiltrate the salivary gland and produce lymph node and distant metastases. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas account for about 21% of the malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 10% of the sublingual gland. They are the most common malignant tumor of the parotid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240)		02.0410
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)		02.0410
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		03.2960
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		03.2760
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		03.2760
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		03.2960
Parasitemia
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0410
Erythrocytosis
[description not available]		03.74110
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		04.02150
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		04.02150
Deficiency, Pyridoxine
[description not available]		03.64100
Dermatitis Seborrheica
[description not available]		02.3320
Sebaceous Gland Diseases
Diseases of the sebaceous glands such as sebaceous hyperplasia and sebaceous cell carcinoma (SEBACEOUS GLAND NEOPLASMS).		02.3320
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		07.8540
Dermatitis, Seborrheic
A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS.		02.3320
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.		06.9210
Gangrene
Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.		02.3320
Erythremia
[description not available]		02.6430
Polycythemia Vera
A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.		02.6430
Caprine Diseases
[description not available]		02.0410
Chorea Disorders
[description not available]		02.0510
Chorea
Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.		02.0510
Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9340
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. It is inherited as an X-linked or autosomal recessive defect. Mutations occurring in many different genes cause human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID).		02.9340
Benign Frontal Childhood Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.0510
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
[description not available]		02.0510
Long QT Syndrome
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.		02.0510
Hypercalciuria
Excretion of abnormally high level of CALCIUM in the URINE, greater than 4 mg/kg/day.		02.0510
Nephrocalcinosis
A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.3820
Acidosis, Respiratory
Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.		02.0510
Hypercapnia
A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.		02.730
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		02.4420
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3820
Cranial Nerve VII Injuries
[description not available]		02.0510
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		05.55280
Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.		03.0950
Sarcoma 180
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		03.7100
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		02.4420
Alobar Holoprosencephaly
[description not available]		02.4720
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		05.3180
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		05.3180
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		03.4880
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		03.4880
MELAS
[description not available]		02.0410
Lactic Acidosis
[description not available]		02.0410
Convulsions, Grand Mal
[description not available]		02.0410
Academic Disorder, Developmental
[description not available]		02.8840
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders
[description not available]		02.6630
Acidosis, Lactic
Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.		02.0410
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)		02.0410
Learning Disabilities
Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.		02.8840
MELAS Syndrome
A mitochondrial disorder characterized by focal or generalized seizures, episodes of transient or persistent neurologic dysfunction resembling strokes, and ragged-red fibers on muscle biopsy. Affected individuals tend to be normal at birth through early childhood, then experience growth failure, episodic vomiting, and recurrent cerebral insults resulting in visual loss and hemiparesis. The cortical lesions tend to occur in the parietal and occipital lobes and are not associated with vascular occlusion. VASCULAR HEADACHE is frequently associated and the disorder tends to be familial. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch56, p117)		02.0410
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed
[description not available]		02.0510
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)		02.0510
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		02.7430
Inclusion Body Myopathy, Sporadic
[description not available]		04.1131
Osseous Paget's Disease
[description not available]		03.7621
Osteitis Deformans
A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry.		03.7621
Myositis, Inclusion Body
Progressive myopathies characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies on muscle biopsy. Sporadic and hereditary forms have been described. The sporadic form is an acquired, adult-onset inflammatory vacuolar myopathy affecting proximal and distal muscles. Familial forms usually begin in childhood and lack inflammatory changes. Both forms feature intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions in muscle tissue. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1409-10)		04.1131
Postpartum Amenorrhea
[description not available]		02.0510
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism
[description not available]		02.0510
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation.		02.0510
Hypogonadism
Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism).		02.0510
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		04.02140
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		04.02140
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma
[description not available]		02.9140
Oligodendroglioma
A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)		02.9140
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		03.0850
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		03.0850
Community Acquired Infection
[description not available]		02.0510
Bites
[description not available]		02.0510
Congenital Myasthenia
[description not available]		02.0510
Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a congenital defect in neuromuscular transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION. This includes presynaptic, synaptic, and postsynaptic disorders (that are not of autoimmune origin). The majority of these diseases are caused by mutations of various subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC) on the postsynaptic surface of the junction. (From Arch Neurol 1999 Feb;56(2):163-7)		02.0510
Distal Muscular Dystrophies
[description not available]		02.0510
Distal Myopathies
A heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive MUSCULAR ATROPHY and MUSCLE WEAKNESS beginning in the hands, the legs, or the feet. Most are adult-onset autosomal dominant forms. Others are autosomal recessive.		02.0510
Blood Loss, Postoperative
[description not available]		02.9610
Biliary Tract Diseases
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		02.9610
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		04.7421
Autolysis
The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.		02.6630
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		03.3820
Morphine Abuse
[description not available]		04.4550
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		04.4550
Morphine Dependence
Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.		04.4550
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		04.4550
Hyperkeratosis Palmaris et Plantaris
[description not available]		02.0510
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		02.6930
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		04.1260
Amyloid Neuropathy Type 1
[description not available]		02.4420
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		04.1260
Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial
Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. The different clinical types based on symptoms correspond to the presence of a variety of mutations in several different proteins including transthyretin (PREALBUMIN); APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; and GELSOLIN.		02.4420
Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
[description not available]		02.0510
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion
[description not available]		02.0510
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome
A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.		02.0510
Acrocephalosyndactylia
Congenital craniostenosis with syndactyly.		02.0510
Conductive Hearing Loss
[description not available]		02.0510
Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural
Hearing loss due to damage or impairment of both the conductive elements (HEARING LOSS, CONDUCTIVE) and the sensorineural elements (HEARING LOSS, SENSORINEURAL) of the ear.		02.0510
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial
[description not available]		02.4620
Mitochondrial Diseases
Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.		02.4620
Foot Deformities
Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.		02.0510
Amyotonia Congenita
[description not available]		03.3570
Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System
Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system autoantigens. The immune response may be directed towards specific tissue components (e.g., myelin) and may be limited to the central nervous system (e.g., MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) or the peripheral nervous system (e.g., GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME).		02.0510
Neuromuscular Diseases
A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		08.3570
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		08.81120
Frostbite
Damage to tissues as the result of low environmental temperatures.		06.9210
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		08.81120
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		03.5180
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		02.9540
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		02.9540
Cementifying Fibroma of Mandible
[description not available]		02.0510
Dental Tissue Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0510
Fibrocartilaginous Dysplasia of Bone
[description not available]		02.0510
Cancer of Jaw
[description not available]		02.0510
Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone
A disease of bone marked by thinning of the cortex by fibrous tissue containing bony spicules, producing pain, disability, and gradually increasing deformity. Only one bone may be involved (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, MONOSTOTIC) or several (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).		02.0510
Diseases in Twins
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.		04.0430
Osteoarthritis of Knee
[description not available]		02.4520
Osteoarthritis, Knee
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)		02.4520
Dysphagia
[description not available]		02.0510
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.		02.0510
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		02.7530
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		02.7530
Astroblastoma
[description not available]		02.0510
Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial
Neoplasms composed of neuroepithelial cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into NEURONS, oligodendrocytes, and ASTROCYTES. The majority of craniospinal tumors are of neuroepithelial origin. (From Dev Biol 1998 Aug 1;200(1):1-5)		02.0510
Cardiac Edema
[description not available]		02.4720
Edema, Cardiac
Abnormal fluid retention by the body due to impaired cardiac function or heart failure. It is usually characterized by increase in venous and capillary pressure, and swollen legs when standing. It is different from the generalized edema caused by renal dysfunction (NEPHROTIC SYNDROME).		02.4720
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		02.0510
Gastric Diseases
[description not available]		03.3670
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		02.0510
Bronze Diabetes
[description not available]		05.88230
Hemochromatosis
A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)		05.88230
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.3720
Dentin Dysplasia
An apparently hereditary disorder of dentin formation, marked by a normal appearance of coronal dentin associated with pulpal obliteration, faulty root formation, and a tendency for peripheral lesions without obvious cause. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0510
Hypophosphatasia
A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin D-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, constipation, renal calcinosis, failure to thrive, disorders of movement, beading of the costochondral junction, and rachitic bone changes. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0510
Avian Flu
[description not available]		02.0610
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae
[description not available]		02.0610
Influenza in Birds
Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.		02.0610
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.		02.0610
Aminoaciduria, Renal
[description not available]		06.56360
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		03.6130
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		05.43150
Enlarged Spleen
[description not available]		02.0610
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		08.9422
Iron Overload
An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)		04.0550
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
[description not available]		012.93600
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		07.93600
Adenoma, beta-Cell
[description not available]		02.4420
Insulinoma
A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.		02.4420
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.6530
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		02.6530
Yellow Fever
An acute infectious disease primarily of the tropics, caused by a virus and transmitted to man by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Haemagogus. The severe form is characterized by fever, HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE, and renal damage.		07.0610
Direct Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal
[description not available]		02.0610
Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		02.9140
Agammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.		02.9140
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Functional KIDNEY FAILURE in patients with liver disease, usually LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL), and in the absence of intrinsic renal disease or kidney abnormality. It is characterized by intense renal vasculature constriction, reduced renal blood flow, OLIGURIA, and sodium retention.		02.0610
Drusen, Retinal
[description not available]		02.0610
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.0610
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		03.6330
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		03.6330
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis
[description not available]		02.420
Spondylitis, Ankylosing
A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.		02.420
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)		02.8740
Infections, Parvoviridae
[description not available]		02.0610
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		02.0610
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		02.0610
Glycine Encephalopathy
[description not available]		02.0610
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		02.6930
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		02.6930
Epulides, Giant Cell
[description not available]		02.0610
Cherubism
A fibro-osseous hereditary disease of the jaws. The swollen jaws and raised eyes give a cherubic appearance; multiple radiolucencies are evident upon radiographic examination.		02.0610
Maxillary Diseases
Diseases involving the MAXILLA.		02.0610
Mandibular Diseases
Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.		02.0610
Granuloma, Giant Cell
A non-neoplastic inflammatory lesion, usually of the jaw or gingiva, containing large, multinucleated cells. It includes reparative giant cell granuloma. Peripheral giant cell granuloma refers to the gingiva (giant cell epulis); central refers to the jaw.		02.0610
Androgenization
[description not available]		02.0610
Infections, Paramyxoviridae
[description not available]		02.0610
Paramyxoviridae Infections
Infections with viruses of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. This includes MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RESPIROVIRUS INFECTIONS; PNEUMOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HENIPAVIRUS INFECTIONS; AVULAVIRUS INFECTIONS; and RUBULAVIRUS INFECTIONS.		02.0610
Hansen Disease
[description not available]		02.6930
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated
[description not available]		02.0710
Leprosy
A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.		02.6930
Aggressive Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of PERIODONTIUM that is characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction in the presence of little local factors such as DENTAL PLAQUE and DENTAL CALCULUS. This highly destructive form of periodontitis often occurs in young people and was called early-onset periodontitis, but this disease also appears in old people.		02.0610
Conjunctival Diseases
Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.0710
Corneal Diseases
Diseases of the cornea.		02.0710
Dermoid
[description not available]		02.0710
Arterial Inflammation
[description not available]		02.0710
Endomyocardial Fibrosis
A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).		02.3820
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		03.2760
Deafness, Sudden
Complete sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days.		02.0710
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		03.2760
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		02.0710
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		02.6830
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		07.6830
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		02.0710
Brugada ECG Pattern
[description not available]		02.0710
Brugada Syndrome
An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit.		02.0710
Deficiency of GP 2b 3a Complex
[description not available]		02.4520
Action Myoclonus-Renal Failure Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0710
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		05.5361
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		05.5361
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis
[description not available]		04.76120
Hepatolenticular Degeneration
A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.		04.76120
B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.0710
Lymphoma, B-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.		02.0710
Stillbirth
The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.		02.0710
Fetal Death
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.		02.6630
Obstructive Lung Diseases
[description not available]		02.0710
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		02.0710
Lung Diseases, Obstructive
Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.		02.0710
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		02.0710
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		02.0710
Alexander Disease
Rare leukoencephalopathy with infantile-onset accumulation of Rosenthal fibers in the subpial, periventricular, and subependymal zones of the brain. Rosenthal fibers are GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN aggregates found in ASTROCYTES. Juvenile- and adult-onset types show progressive atrophy of the lower brainstem instead. De novo mutations in the GFAP gene are associated with the disease with propensity for paternal inheritance.		02.4520
Deficiency, Protein
[description not available]		05.78360
Pancreatic Insufficiency
[description not available]		02.0710
Alcoholic Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.0710
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.		02.0710
Mastitis
INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.		02.0710
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		03.9850
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		08.9850
Ameloblastoma
An immature epithelial tumor of the JAW originating from the epithelial rests of Malassez or from other epithelial remnants of the ENAMEL from the developmental period. It is a slowly growing tumor, usually benign, but displays a marked propensity for invasive growth.		02.0810
Amyloid Deposits
[description not available]		02.7330
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome
Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.		02.0810
Hypertension, Portal
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.		02.0810
Clasp-Knife Spasticity
[description not available]		02.6630
Muscle Spasticity
A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)		02.6630
Optic Atrophy
Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.		03.5830
Glycogenosis
[description not available]		03.2920
Epiphora
[description not available]		02.0810
Abnormalities, Teeth
[description not available]		02.4120
Glycogen Storage Disease
A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement.		03.2920
Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases
Diseases of the LACRIMAL APPARATUS.		02.0810
Goiter
Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).		03.2260
Anterior Horn Cell Disease
[description not available]		02.4220
Motor Neuron Disease
Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)		02.4220
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		03.0750
Hemorrhagic Diathesis
[description not available]		02.3720
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		03.0750
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).		02.3720
Granulomatosis, Wegener's
[description not available]		02.4220
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) leading to damage in any number of organs. The common features include granulomatous inflammation of the RESPIRATORY TRACT and KIDNEYS. Most patients have measurable autoantibodies (ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES) against MYELOBLASTIN.		02.4220
Dysgeusia
A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.		02.3820
MEA 2a
[description not available]		02.0110
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		02.8840
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		02.8840
Auditory Vertigo
[description not available]		03.820
Meniere Disease
A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.		03.820
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		04.4180
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		04.4180
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		02.4220
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		02.4220
Adult Onset Nemaline Myopathy
[description not available]		02.7230
Muscular Weakness
[description not available]		02.4120
Myopathies, Nemaline
A group of inherited congenital myopathic conditions characterized clinically by weakness, hypotonia, and prominent hypoplasia of proximal muscles including the face. Muscle biopsy reveals large numbers of rod-shaped structures beneath the muscle fiber plasma membrane. This disorder is genetically heterogeneous and may occasionally present in adults. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1453)		02.7230
Muscle Weakness
A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)		02.4120
Anemia, Macrocytic
Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).		05.96270
Luft Disease
[description not available]		02.0110
Mitochondrial Myopathies
A group of muscle diseases associated with abnormal mitochondria function.		02.0110
ADPKD
[description not available]		02.0110
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant
Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.		02.0110
Hereditary Optic Atrophy
[description not available]		06.59130
Generalized Resistance to Thyroid Hormone
[description not available]		02.4120
Foot Diseases
Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.		02.0110
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		02.4120
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive
[description not available]		02.4220
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.		02.4220
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		03.4780
Hypergammaglobulinemia
An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.		02.0110
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia
A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.		05.3751
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.		05.3751
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic
[description not available]		02.9240
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		02.0110
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0110
Brittle Bone Disease
[description not available]		02.6730
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.		02.6730
Wounds, Penetrating
Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.		02.0110
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		02.0110
Nutritional Disorders
[description not available]		08.33232
Nutrition Disorders
Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.		08.33232
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.6930
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.6930
Acne Rosacea
[description not available]		02.3420
Focal Infection
An infection at a specific location that may spread to another region of the body.		02.3420
Rosacea
A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7).		02.3420
Infectious Diseases
[description not available]		02.6330
Hepatitis, Infectious
[description not available]		03.0350
Communicable Diseases
An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.		02.6330
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		08.0550
Hepatitis A
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.		03.0350
Icterus
[description not available]		01.9310
Jaundice
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.		01.9310
Acute Rheumatic Fever
[description not available]		01.9310
Gout
Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.		08.2520
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		02.3420
Hydatid Mole
[description not available]		03.2620
Ectopic Pregnancy
[description not available]		01.9310
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		02.3420
Hydatidiform Mole
Trophoblastic hyperplasia associated with normal gestation, or molar pregnancy. It is characterized by the swelling of the CHORIONIC VILLI and elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Hydatidiform moles or molar pregnancy may be categorized as complete or partial based on their gross morphology, histopathology, and karyotype.		03.2620
Pregnancy, Ectopic
A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (		01.9310
Premenstrual Tension
A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.		01.9310
Premenstrual Syndrome
A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.		06.9310
Hyperthyroid
[description not available]		04.3200
Hyperthyroidism
Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.		04.3200
Clostridium tetani Infection
[description not available]		03.4380
Tetanus
A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.		03.4380
Biotinidase Deficiency
The late onset form of MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY (deficiency of the activities of biotin-dependent enzymes propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) due to a defect or deficiency in biotinidase which is essential for recycling BIOTIN.		01.9310
Deficiency, Vitamin B
[description not available]		04.3680
Vitamin B Deficiency
A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.		04.3680
Glycosuria
The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).		04.4790
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		02.6230
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		02.6230
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		04.67110
Deficiency, Riboflavin
[description not available]		03.9550
Deficiency, Thiamine
[description not available]		02.6430
Thiamine Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171)		02.6430
Glycosuria, Renal
An autosomal inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of GLUCOSE by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. The urinary loss of glucose can reach beyond 50 g/day. It is attributed to the mutations in the SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2 encoded by the SLC5A2 gene.		04.0230
Deficiency, Vitamin E
[description not available]		04.5861
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12
[description not available]		07.31300
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)		07.31300
Sprains
[description not available]		01.9310
Sprains and Strains
A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.		01.9310
Hives
[description not available]		03.1960
Maculopapular Cutaneous Mastocytosis
[description not available]		03.4580
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		03.1960
Teratogenesis
The formation of CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES.		01.9310
Abnormalities, Congenital
[description not available]		04.5860
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		03.4580
Lipidoses
Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.		03.9550
Amaurotic Familial Idiocy
An outdated term for Tay-Sachs disease.		03.7740
Tay-Sachs Disease
An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the onset in infancy of an exaggerated startle response, followed by paralysis, dementia, and blindness. It is caused by mutation in the alpha subunit of the HEXOSAMINIDASE A resulting in lipid-laden ganglion cells. It is also known as the B variant (with increased HEXOSAMINIDASE B but absence of hexosaminidase A) and is strongly associated with Ashkenazic Jewish ancestry.		03.7740
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9310
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.		01.9310
Diseases, Metabolic
[description not available]		05.21200
Metabolic Diseases
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)		05.21200
Avitaminosis
A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.0350
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		01.9310
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		01.9310
Familial Precocious Puberty
[description not available]		01.9310
Puberty, Precocious
Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.		01.9310
Diseases of Immune System
[description not available]		02.3420
Immune System Diseases
Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.		02.3420
Nanism
[description not available]		01.9310
Infection
[description not available]		07.8740
Dwarfism
A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.		01.9310
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		02.8740
Kwashiorkor
A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		04.56100
BH4 Deficiency
[description not available]		08.75940
Aprosodia
[description not available]		06.38230
Phenylketonurias
A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).		08.75940
Mast Cell Activation Disease
[description not available]		01.9310
Spider Veins
[description not available]		01.9310
Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome
A symptom complex associated with CARCINOID TUMOR and characterized by attacks of severe flushing of the skin, diarrheal watery stools, bronchoconstriction, sudden drops in blood pressure, edema, and ascites. The carcinoid tumors are usually located in the gastrointestinal tract and metastasize to the liver. Symptoms are caused by tumor secretion of serotonin, prostaglandins, and other biologically active substances. Cardiac manifestations constitute CARCINOID HEART DISEASE. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9310
Mastocytosis
A rare neoplastic disorder characterized by a clonal proliferation of MAST CELLS, associated with KIT-D816 mutations, and accompanied by aberrant mast cell activation. The abnormal increase of MAST CELLS may occur in only the skin (MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS), in extracutaneous tissues involving multiple organs (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC), or in solid tumors (MASTOCYTOMA).		01.9310
Telangiectasis
Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.		01.9310
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction
[description not available]		01.9310
Adrenal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.		01.9310
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		04.57100
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		03.0450
Paratyphoid Fever
A prolonged febrile illness commonly caused by several Paratyphi serotypes of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. It is similar to TYPHOID FEVER but less severe.		01.9310
Petechiae
Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.		01.9310
Enteric Fever
[description not available]		01.9310
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		04.57100
Enteritis
Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.		03.0450
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		03.0450
Purpura
Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is		01.9310
Typhoid Fever
An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.		01.9310
Nail Fungus
[description not available]		01.9310
Onychomycosis
A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS.		01.9310
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		02.6730
Addison's Anemia
[description not available]		02.3420
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		02.6730
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		02.6330
Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis
[description not available]		01.9410
Familial Periodic Paralysis
[description not available]		02.6630
Familial Mediterranean Fever
A group of HEREDITARY AUTOINFLAMMATION DISEASES, characterized by recurrent fever, abdominal pain, headache, rash, PLEURISY; and ARTHRITIS. ORCHITIS; benign MENINGITIS; and AMYLOIDOSIS may also occur. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in marenostrin gene encoding PYRIN result in autosomal recessive transmission; simple heterozygous, autosomal dominant form of the disease also exists with mutations in the same gene.		01.9410
Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia
[description not available]		02.3420
Anemia, Hypochromic
Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)		05.2120
Primary Myelofibrosis
A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.		02.3420
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.		01.9310
Poisoning, Lead
[description not available]		03.260
BCKD Deficiency
[description not available]		07.76410
Lead Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.		03.260
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
An autosomal recessive inherited disorder with multiple forms of phenotypic expression, caused by a defect in the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, BRANCHED-CHAIN). These metabolites accumulate in body fluids and render a maple syrup odor. The disease is divided into classic, intermediate, intermittent, and thiamine responsive subtypes. The classic form presents in the first week of life with ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, emesis, neonatal seizures, and hypertonia. The intermediate and intermittent forms present in childhood or later with acute episodes of ataxia and vomiting. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p936)		012.76410
Silicosis
A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.		02.3420
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications
[description not available]		01.9310
Autism
[description not available]		08.9750
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		01.9410
Friedreich Disease
[description not available]		02.3520
Aqueductal Stenosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Pachymeningitis
[description not available]		02.3420
Meningitis, Tuberculous
[description not available]		01.9410
Autistic Disorder
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)		03.9750
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		01.9410
Friedreich Ataxia
An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)		02.3520
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)		02.3420
Tuberculosis, Meningeal
A form of bacterial meningitis caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or rarely MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The organism seeds the meninges and forms microtuberculomas which subsequently rupture. The clinical course tends to be subacute, with progressions occurring over a period of several days or longer. Headache and meningeal irritation may be followed by SEIZURES, cranial neuropathies, focal neurologic deficits, somnolence, and eventually COMA. The illness may occur in immunocompetent individuals or as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION in the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunodeficiency syndromes. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-9)		01.9410
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		03.260
Steatorrhea
A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of FATS.		01.9410
Alcaptonuria
[description not available]		02.8640
Classic Galactosemia
[description not available]		06.39300
Alkaptonuria
An inborn error of amino acid metabolism resulting from a defect in the enzyme HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. It is characterized by accumulation of HOMOGENTISIC ACID in the urine, OCHRONOSIS in various tissues, and ARTHRITIS.		02.8640
Galactosemias
A group of inherited enzyme deficiencies which feature elevations of GALACTOSE in the blood. This condition may be associated with deficiencies of GALACTOKINASE; UDPGLUCOSE-HEXOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE; or UDPGLUCOSE 4-EPIMERASE. The classic form is caused by UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase deficiency, and presents in infancy with FAILURE TO THRIVE; VOMITING; and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION. Affected individuals also may develop MENTAL RETARDATION; JAUNDICE; hepatosplenomegaly; ovarian failure (PRIMARY OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY); and cataracts. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp61-3)		06.39300
Thrombocytopathy
[description not available]		01.9410
Thrombocythemia
[description not available]		01.9410
Blood Platelet Disorders
Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.		01.9410
Harelip
[description not available]		02.8510
Calculus, Dental
[description not available]		03.2620
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
[description not available]		02.8510
Cleft Lip
Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.		02.8510
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy
[description not available]		04.73120
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		04.2570
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		04.2570
Organophosphorus Poisoning
[description not available]		01.9410
Organophosphate Poisoning
Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.		01.9410
Newcastle Disease
An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by an AVULAVIRUS called NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis.		02.8540
Hyaline Membrane Disease
A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS).		06.9410
Fusiform Aneurysm
Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.		01.9410
Aneurysm
Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.		01.9410
Dermatoses
[description not available]		09.4790
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		01.9410
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		04.4790
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		03.2160
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		03.2160
Trypanosomiasis
Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.		02.3420
Idiopathic Tropical Malabsorption Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3420
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		02.3420
Gastritis
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.		07.6330
Lathyrism
A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS.		02.3520
Encephalomyelitis, Western Equine
A form of arboviral encephalitis (which primarily affects horses) endemic to western and central regions of NORTH AMERICA. The causative organism (ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS, WESTERN EQUINE) may be transferred to humans via the bite of mosquitoes (CULEX tarsalis and others). Clinical manifestations include headache and influenza-like symptoms followed by alterations in mentation, SEIZURES, and COMA. DEATH occurs in a minority of cases. Survivors may recover fully or be left with residual neurologic dysfunction, including PARKINSONISM, POSTENCEPHALITIC. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp8-9)		01.9410
Angioneurotic Edema
[description not available]		02.6530
Hay Fever
[description not available]		04.5961
Angioedema
Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.		02.6530
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.		04.5961
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		03.7740
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
[description not available]		01.9410
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		03.4580
Malabsorption Syndromes
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.		04.73120
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		03.4580
Cystinuria
An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.		011.48210
Tuberculosis, Avian
A variety of TUBERCULOSIS affecting various birds, including chickens and ducks. It is caused by MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM and characterized by tubercles consisting principally of epithelioid cells.		01.9410
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I
[description not available]		02.8510
Acidosis, Renal Tubular
A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.		02.8510
Diabetes Insipidus
A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.		02.8510
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		09.2570
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		04.2570
G(M2) Gangliosidoses
[description not available]		01.9410
Gangliosidoses, GM2
A group of recessively inherited diseases characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of G(M2) GANGLIOSIDE in the neuronal cells. Subtypes include mutations of enzymes in the BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES system or G(M2) ACTIVATOR PROTEIN leading to disruption of normal degradation of GANGLIOSIDES, a subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS.		01.9410
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid
[description not available]		02.8640
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency
A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)		07.8640
Hypertension, Essential
[description not available]		01.9310
Essential Hypertension
Hypertension that occurs without known cause, or preexisting renal disease. Associated polymorphisms for a number of genes have been identified, including AGT, GNB3, and ECE1. OMIM: 145500		06.9310
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		03.2620
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		03.2620
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		02.6530
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		07.6530
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		09.4651
Chondrodystrophic Myotonia
[description not available]		02.6730
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		03.2160
Craniofacial Abnormalities
Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.		02.0110
Abnormalities, Musculoskeletal
[description not available]		02.0110
Lipodystrophy
A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.		02.0110
Encephalitis, Japanese B
[description not available]		02.0210
Encephalitis, Japanese
A mosquito-borne encephalitis caused by the Japanese B encephalitis virus (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, JAPANESE) occurring throughout Eastern Asia and Australia. The majority of infections occur in children and are subclinical or have features limited to transient fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges may occur and lead to transient or permanent neurologic deficits (including a POLIOMYELITIS-like presentation); SEIZURES; COMA; and death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p751; Lancet 1998 Apr 11;351(9109):1094-7)		02.0210
Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured
[description not available]		03.411
Mastitis, Bovine
INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.		02.9240
Infections, Serratia
[description not available]		02.0210
Asystole
[description not available]		03.150
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		03.150
Buerger Disease
[description not available]		01.9210
Eclampsia
Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).		02.3420
Rachitis
[description not available]		02.8640
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive
[description not available]		02.0210
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).		02.0210
Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Familial
[description not available]		02.0210
Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
[description not available]		02.0210
Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic
An acquired, congenital, or familial disorder caused by PLATELET AGGREGATION with THROMBOSIS in terminal arterioles and capillaries. Clinical features include THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; AZOTEMIA; FEVER; and thrombotic microangiopathy. The classical form also includes neurological symptoms and end-organ damage, such as RENAL FAILURE. Mutations in the ADAMTS13 PROTEIN gene have been identified in familial cases.		02.0210
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis
[description not available]		02.0210
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute
Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.		02.0210
Thyrotoxicosis
A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.		02.0210
Agitation, Psychomotor
[description not available]		02.0210
Psychomotor Agitation
A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.		02.0210
A-Thalassemia
[description not available]		02.7130
Anemia, Cooley's
[description not available]		02.4320
alpha-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha chains of hemoglobin. The severity of this condition can vary from mild anemia to death, depending on the number of genes deleted.		02.7130
beta-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.		02.4320
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.4320
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		02.4320
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis
[description not available]		02.0210
Viral Hepatitis, Human
[description not available]		02.0210
Hepatitis, Viral, Human
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).		02.0210
Hepatitis, Autoimmune
A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.		02.0210
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.6930
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		02.6930
Constricted Pupil
[description not available]		02.0210
Miosis
Pupillary constriction. This may result from congenital absence of the dilatator pupillary muscle, defective sympathetic innervation, or irritation of the CONJUNCTIVA or CORNEA.		02.0210
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
[description not available]		02.7130
Glaucoma, Open-Angle
Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.		02.7130
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		02.9440
Inner Ear Disease
[description not available]		02.420
Labyrinth Diseases
Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).		02.420
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		01.9210
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		01.9210
Mouth Diseases
Diseases involving the MOUTH.		02.0210
Diseases of Pharynx
[description not available]		02.0210
Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		02.3720
Respiratory Syndrome, Acute, Severe
[description not available]		02.0210
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.		02.0210
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood
[description not available]		02.0210
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe
A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).		02.0210
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		02.9310
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		02.9310
Familial Hyperpotassemia and Hypertension
[description not available]		02.4320
Pseudohypoaldosteronism
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by renal electrolyte transport dysfunctions. Congenital forms are rare autosomal disorders characterized by neonatal hypertension, HYPERKALEMIA, increased RENIN activity and ALDOSTERONE concentration. The Type I features HYPERKALEMIA with sodium wasting; Type II, HYPERKALEMIA without sodium wasting. Pseudohypoaldosteronism can be the result of a defective renal electrolyte transport protein or acquired after KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		02.4320
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		03.840
Central Nervous System Viral Diseases
Viral infections of the brain, spinal cord, meninges, or perimeningeal spaces.		02.0210
Chondrosarcoma
A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.6930
Infections, Salmonella
[description not available]		03.2160
Vibrio cholerae Infection
[description not available]		03.821
Cholera
An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.		03.821
Infections, Neisseriaceae
[description not available]		02.0210
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		02.9410
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		02.9410
Eulenburg Disease
[description not available]		02.0210
Palsy
[description not available]		02.0210
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		02.0210
Myotonic Disorders
Diseases characterized by MYOTONIA, which may be inherited or acquired. Myotonia may be restricted to certain muscles (e.g., intrinsic hand muscles) or occur as a generalized condition.		02.0210
Complex IV Deficiency
[description not available]		02.730
Cancer, Second Primary
[description not available]		02.0210
Seminoma
A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0210
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine.		02.0210
Urinary Calculi
Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.		02.0210
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective
[description not available]		02.0210
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II
A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).		02.0210
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine
A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.0210
Hyperpotassemia
[description not available]		02.0210
Hyperkalemia
Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0210
Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex
[description not available]		02.0210
Reflex, Abnormal
An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.		02.0210
Chromosomal Translocation
[description not available]		03.4780
Cyst
[description not available]		02.0210
Cystic Periventricular Leukomalacia
[description not available]		02.0210
Leukomalacia, Periventricular
Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)		02.0210
Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy
[description not available]		02.0210
Adult Refsum Disease
[description not available]		02.3820
Xanthoma
[description not available]		02.0210
Haim-Monk Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.0310
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		02.0310
Schistosoma japonicum Infection
[description not available]		02.0310
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic
[description not available]		02.6730
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.		02.6730
Eye Abnormalities
Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.		02.4420
Acroosteolysis, Giaccai Type
[description not available]		02.6930
Restless Leg Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies
A group of inherited disorders characterized by degeneration of dorsal root and autonomic ganglion cells, and clinically by loss of sensation and autonomic dysfunction. There are five subtypes. Type I features autosomal dominant inheritance and distal sensory involvement. Type II is characterized by autosomal inheritance and distal and proximal sensory loss. Type III is DYSAUTONOMIA, FAMILIAL. Type IV features insensitivity to pain, heat intolerance, and mental deficiency. Type V is characterized by a selective loss of pain with intact light touch and vibratory sensation. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, pp142-4)		02.6930
Restless Legs Syndrome
A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.		02.0310
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		03.6130
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		03.6130
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		05.1941
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		05.1941
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome
[description not available]		03.320
Progeria
An abnormal congenital condition, associated with defects in the LAMIN TYPE A gene, which is characterized by premature aging in children, where all the changes of cell senescence occur. It is manifested by premature graying; hair loss; hearing loss (DEAFNESS); cataracts (CATARACT); ARTHRITIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; atrophy of subcutaneous fat; skeletal hypoplasia; elevated urinary HYALURONIC ACID; and accelerated ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Many affected individuals develop malignant tumors, especially SARCOMA.		03.320
Basal Ganglia Diseases
Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		02.0310
Encephalomyelitis, Subacute Necrotizing
[description not available]		02.0310
Leigh Disease
A group of metabolic disorders primarily of infancy characterized by the subacute onset of psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, ataxia, weakness, vision loss, eye movement abnormalities, seizures, dysphagia, and lactic acidosis. Pathological features include spongy degeneration of the neuropile of the basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord. Patterns of inheritance include X-linked recessive, autosomal recessive, and mitochondrial. Leigh disease has been associated with mutations in genes for the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; CYTOCHROME-C OXIDASE; ATP synthase subunit 6; and subunits of mitochondrial complex I. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p850).		02.0310
ACY2 Deficiency
[description not available]		03.6130
Canavan Disease
A rare neurodegenerative condition of infancy or childhood characterized by white matter vacuolization and demeylination that gives rise to a spongy appearance. Aspartoacylase deficiency leads to an accumulation of N-acetylaspartate in astrocytes. Inheritance may be autosomal recessive or the illness may occur sporadically. This illness occurs more frequently in individuals of Ashkenazic Jewish descent. The neonatal form features the onset of hypotonia and lethargy at birth, rapidly progressing to coma and death. The infantile form features developmental delay, DYSKINESIAS, hypotonia, spasticity, blindness, and megalencephaly. The juvenile form is characterized by ATAXIA; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEMENTIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p944; Am J Med Genet 1988 Feb;29(2):463-71)		03.6130
Bile Duct Diseases
Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.		02.9410
Adenomatous Polyps
Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0310
Ptosis, Eyelid
[description not available]		02.0310
Blepharophimosis
The abnormal narrowness of the palpebral fissure in the horizontal direction caused by the lateral displacement of the medial canthi of the eyelids. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0310
Blepharoptosis
Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.		02.0310
Diabetic Angiopathies
VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.		02.3820
Blast Phase
[description not available]		02.0310
Blast Crisis
An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, characterized by a rapid increase in the proportion of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the blood and bone marrow to greater than 30%.		02.0310
Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Cerebellar Diseases
Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		02.3820
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation
A genetically heterogeneous group of heritable disorders resulting from defects in protein N-glycosylation.		02.0310
Haemophilus Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.		02.0310
Middle Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		02.4220
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.		02.4220
Klein Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		02.6730
Adrenoleukodystrophy, Autosomal Neonatal Form
[description not available]		02.0310
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error
[description not available]		02.0310
Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Rhizomelic
An autosomal recessive form of CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA characterized by defective plasmalogen biosynthesis and impaired peroxisomes. Patients have shortened proximal limbs and severely disturbed endochondral bone formation. The metabolic defects associated with the impaired peroxisomes are present only in the rhizomelic form of chondrodysplasia punctata. (From Scriver et al, Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease, 6th ed, p1497)		02.0310
Peroxisomal Disorders
A heterogeneous group of inherited metabolic disorders marked by absent or dysfunctional PEROXISOMES. Peroxisomal enzymatic abnormalities may be single or multiple. Biosynthetic peroxisomal pathways are compromised, including the ability to synthesize ether lipids and to oxidize long-chain fatty acid precursors. Diseases in this category include ZELLWEGER SYNDROME; INFANTILE REFSUM DISEASE; rhizomelic chondrodysplasia (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC); hyperpipecolic acidemia; neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy; and ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY (X-linked). Neurologic dysfunction is a prominent feature of most peroxisomal disorders.		02.0310
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians
[description not available]		02.8840
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
[description not available]		02.0310
Myositis Ossificans
A disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue.		02.0310
Demyelinative Myelitis
[description not available]		02.0310
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		02.3920
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		02.3720
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		02.3720
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		02.3920
Bloom Syndrome
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by telangiectatic ERYTHEMA of the face, photosensitivity, DWARFISM and other abnormalities, and a predisposition toward developing cancer. The Bloom syndrome gene (BLM) encodes a RecQ-like DNA helicase.		02.4220
Bessel-Hagen Disease
[description not available]		02.0310
Classical Swine Fever
An acute, highly contagious disease affecting swine of all ages and caused by the CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER VIRUS. It has a sudden onset with high morbidity and mortality.		03.4311
Gasser Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Drusen, Optic Disc
[description not available]		02.0410
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE.		02.0410
Toxemia
A condition produced by the presence of toxins or other harmful substances in the BLOOD.		02.0410
Acute Onset Aura Migraine
[description not available]		02.0410
Migraine with Aura
A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		02.0410
Agenesis of Hemidiaphragm
[description not available]		02.0410
Denys-Drash Syndrome
A disorder of sex development characterized by UROGENITAL ABNORMALITIES; GONADAL DYSGENESIS; and WILMS TUMOR. It is caused by a mutation in the Wilms tumor suppressor gene (GENES, WILMS TUMOR) on chromosome 11.		02.0410
Diaphragmatic Hernia
[description not available]		02.4120
Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital
Protrusion of abdominal structures into the THORAX as a result of embryologic defects in the DIAPHRAGM often present in the neonatal period. It can be isolated, syndromic, non-syndromic or be a part of chromosome abnormality. Associated pulmonary hypoplasia and PULMONARY HYPERTENSION can further complicate stabilization and surgical intervention.		14.0410
Alcoholic Liver Diseases
[description not available]		02.0410
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic
Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.		02.0410
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).		07.0410
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic
[description not available]		02.0410
Cushing's Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Adrenal Cortex Cancer
[description not available]		02.4120
Adrenal Cortex Diseases
Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.		02.0410
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.		02.4120
Cushing Syndrome
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.		02.0410
Deficiency, Factor II
[description not available]		02.0410
Neurocutaneous Disorders
[description not available]		02.0410
Carditis
[description not available]		01.9410
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		01.9410
CBS Deficiency
[description not available]		07.34430
Homocystinuria
Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979)		07.34430
Thalassemias
[description not available]		03.260
Thalassemia
A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia.		08.260
Sunburn
An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.		02.3620
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		04.66110
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		09.66110
Carcinoma 256, Walker
A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.3470
Abscess, Pulmonary
[description not available]		01.9410
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon.		01.9410
Splenic Diseases
Diseases involving the SPLEEN.		01.9410
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		01.9410
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		04.1260
Hyperparathyroidism
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.		01.9410
Lung Abscess
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.		01.9410
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		04.9952
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		04.9952
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly)
[description not available]		02.3520
Acromegaly
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)		02.3520
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		01.9410
Amino Acid Transport Disorder, Neutral
[description not available]		06.95250
Marasmus
[description not available]		06.09190
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.		06.09190
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease
[description not available]		01.9610
Behcet Syndrome
Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.		01.9610
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		07.8640
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		02.6430
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		02.6430
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		02.6530
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		02.6530
Digestive System Disorders
[description not available]		02.8810
Genital Diseases, Male
Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).		02.8810
Acrodermatitis
Inflammation involving the skin of the extremities, especially the hands and feet. Several forms are known, some idiopathic and some hereditary. The infantile form is called Gianotti-Crosti syndrome.		03.2720
Digestive System Diseases
Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).		02.8810
Adenomatoses, Bovine Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.8810
Adult Premature Aging Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9510
Chromosome Inversion
An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.		03.5790
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease
[description not available]		02.6630
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic
A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.		02.6630
Fatty Liver with Encephalopathy
[description not available]		02.8810
Uveal Diseases
Diseases of the uvea.		03.2820
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.3720
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		02.3720
Kidney Stones
[description not available]		01.9610
Kidney Calculi
Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.		01.9610
Airway Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.		01.9610
Phlegmon
[description not available]		01.9610
Cellulitis
An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.		01.9610
Rib Fractures
Fractures of any of the RIBS.		01.9610
Christmas Disease
[description not available]		02.6730
Hemophilia B
A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008)		02.6730
Malaria, Avian
Any of a group of infections of fowl caused by protozoa of the genera PLASMODIUM, Leucocytozoon, and Haemoproteus. The life cycles of these parasites and the disease produced bears strong resemblance to those observed in human malaria.		02.3620
Fra(X) Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3820
Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome
[description not available]		02.6830
Fragile X Syndrome
A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)		02.3820
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY that occurs in VERTEBRATE animals.		03.2160
Myelopathy
[description not available]		01.9610
Spinal Cord Diseases
Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.		01.9610
Dermatomycoses
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.		02.3520
Infant, Premature, Diseases
Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.		03.5630
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula
[description not available]		02.3520
Myxedema
A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.		01.9610
Pancreatic Diseases
Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.		02.3520
Gall Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		08.4442
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		07.3720
Auditory Processing Disorder, Central
[description not available]		01.9610
Osteoma
A benign tumor composed of bone tissue or a hard tumor of bonelike structure developing on a bone (homoplastic osteoma) or on other structures (heteroplastic osteoma). (From Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9610
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		02.3620
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		02.3620
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.		02.3720
Appetite Disorders
[description not available]		02.8640
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		09.4451
Feeding and Eating Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.		02.8640
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		03.4680
Aneurysm, Aortic
[description not available]		01.9610
Aortic Aneurysm
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.		01.9610
Anemia, Hypoplastic
[description not available]		03.7840
Anemia, Sideroblastic
Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow.		03.2920
Anemia, Aplastic
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.		03.7840
Deficiency Disease, Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase
[description not available]		03.5830
Diabetes, Phosphate
[description not available]		03.2720
Hypophosphatemia, Familial
An inherited condition of abnormally low serum levels of PHOSPHATES (below 1 mg/liter) which can occur in a number of genetic diseases with defective reabsorption of inorganic phosphorus by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This leads to phosphaturia, HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, and disturbances of cellular and organ functions such as those in X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; and FANCONI SYNDROME.		03.2720
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease
An inherited urea cycle disorder associated with deficiency of the enzyme ORNITHINE CARBAMOYLTRANSFERASE, transmitted as an X-linked trait and featuring elevations of amino acids and ammonia in the serum. Clinical features, which are more prominent in males, include seizures, behavioral alterations, episodic vomiting, lethargy, and coma. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp49-50)		03.5830
Nephrosis
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.		01.9610
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		03.0650
Femoral Fractures
Fractures of the femur.		01.9610
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9610
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.		01.9610
Pulsatile Tinnitus
[description not available]		04.3122
Tinnitus
A nonspecific symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises in the ear. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of COCHLEAR DISEASES; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and other conditions.		04.3122
Action Tremor
[description not available]		03.0450
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		03.0450
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		01.9610
Embryopathies
[description not available]		03.2920
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		01.9610
Hematoma
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.		01.9610
Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy
[description not available]		03.260
Myotonic Dystrophy
Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2.		08.260
Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder
[description not available]		02.3720
Hemorrhage, Uterine
[description not available]		01.9510
Abortion, Septic
Any type of abortion, induced or spontaneous, that is associated with infection of the UTERUS and its appendages. It is characterized by FEVER, uterine tenderness, and foul discharge.		01.9510
Uterine Hemorrhage
Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.		01.9510
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		02.8740
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.8740
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
[description not available]		02.420
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.420
Acrocephaly
Premature closing of the lambdoid and coronal sutures.		02.3920
Craniosynostoses
Premature closure of one or more CRANIAL SUTURES. It often results in plagiocephaly. Craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; and CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS.		02.3920
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.3920
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		02.3820
Ambiguous Genitalia
[description not available]		02.940
Disorders of Sex Development
In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.		02.940
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		01.9810
Gonadal Agenesis
The complete failure of gonadal development.		01.9810
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		02.3920
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		01.9810
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		02.3920
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		06.9810
Deficiency, Protein C
[description not available]		03.8240
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.		03.3120
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).		03.3120
Hemoglobinopathies
A group of inherited disorders characterized by structural alterations within the hemoglobin molecule.		03.5690
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		07.6630
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		02.6630
Esophageal Varices
[description not available]		01.9810
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		02.3820
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).		01.9810
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.6830
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		02.6530
Amyloid Neuropathies
Disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. Familial, primary (nonfamilial), and secondary forms have been described. Some familial subtypes demonstrate an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Clinical manifestations include sensory loss, mild weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1349)		02.3920
Cancer of the Fallopian Tube
[description not available]		01.9810
Fallopian Tube Neoplasms
Benign or malignant neoplasms of the FALLOPIAN TUBES. They are uncommon. If they develop, they may be located in the wall or within the lumen as a growth attached to the wall by a stalk.		01.9810
Porphyria
[description not available]		07.8840
Porphyrias
A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.		02.8840
Deficiency, Factor 10
[description not available]		01.9810
Factor X Deficiency
Blood coagulation disorder usually inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, though it can be acquired. It is characterized by defective activity in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, impaired thromboplastin time, and impaired prothrombin consumption.		01.9810
Hyperthyroxinemia
Abnormally elevated THYROXINE level in the BLOOD.		03.0950
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9810
Amyotrophy, Thenar, Of Carpal Origin
[description not available]		02.420
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45)		02.420
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.6830
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		02.6830
Angiohemophilia
[description not available]		01.9810
von Willebrand Diseases
Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.		01.9810
alpha-L-Iduronidase Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9810
Mucopolysaccharidosis I
Systemic lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase (IDURONIDASE) and characterized by progressive physical deterioration with urinary excretion of DERMATAN SULFATE and HEPARAN SULFATE. There are three recognized phenotypes representing a spectrum of clinical severity from severe to mild: Hurler syndrome, Hurler-Scheie syndrome and Scheie syndrome (formerly mucopolysaccharidosis V). Symptoms may include DWARFISM; hepatosplenomegaly; thick, coarse facial features with low nasal bridge; corneal clouding; cardiac complications; and noisy breathing.		01.9810
Acute Porphyria
[description not available]		01.9810
Porphyria, Acute Intermittent
An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of HYDROXYMETHYLBILANE SYNTHASE in the LIVER, the third enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features are recurrent and life-threatening neurologic disturbances, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and elevated level of AMINOLEVULINIC ACID and PORPHOBILINOGEN in the urine.		01.9810
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		05.7112
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		03.7821
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		03.7821
Hepatitis, Animal
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.		02.3620
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		03.260
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		03.260
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		02.420
Chromosomal Fragility
[description not available]		02.9140
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders
[description not available]		04.1260
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		02.420
Emesis
[description not available]		01.9910
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		01.9910
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		01.9910
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.420
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.420
Ganglioside Storage Diseases
[description not available]		02.3820
Gangliosidoses
A group of autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders marked by the accumulation of GANGLIOSIDES. They are caused by impaired enzymes or defective cofactors required for normal ganglioside degradation in the LYSOSOMES. Gangliosidoses are classified by the specific ganglioside accumulated in the defective degradation pathway.		02.3820
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		02.8940
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		02.8940
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		02.6630
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		02.6630
Granulomas
[description not available]		02.3720
Testicular Diseases
Pathological processes of the TESTIS.		03.2820
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		02.3720
Chromosomal Breakage
[description not available]		01.9910
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		01.9910
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		01.9910
Black Death
[description not available]		01.9910
Plague
An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.		06.9910
Colon Cancer, Familial Nonpolyposis
[description not available]		01.9910
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis
A group of autosomal-dominant inherited diseases in which COLON CANCER arises in discrete adenomas. Unlike FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI with hundreds of polyps, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms occur much later, in the fourth and fifth decades. HNPCC has been associated with germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes. It has been subdivided into Lynch syndrome I or site-specific colonic cancer, and LYNCH SYNDROME II which includes extracolonic cancer.		01.9910
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular
[description not available]		01.9910
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.		01.9910
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis
[description not available]		01.9910
Myasthenia Gravis
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.		01.9910
Deficiency, Factor 5
[description not available]		01.9910
Bacillus anthracis Infection
[description not available]		01.9910
Anthrax
An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.		06.9910
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia
[description not available]		01.9910
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		05.5161
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		05.5161
Atopic Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		02.6530
Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease
[description not available]		06.9910
Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease
An autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene for acid lipase (STEROL ESTERASE). It is characterized by the accumulation of neutral lipids, particularly CHOLESTEROL ESTERS in leukocytes, fibroblasts, and hepatocytes.		01.9910
Infections, Morbillivirus
[description not available]		01.9910
Acetyl-CoA:alpha-Glucosaminide N-Acetyltransferase Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9910
Mucopolysaccharidosis III
Mucopolysaccharidosis characterized by heparitin sulfate in the urine, progressive mental retardation, mild dwarfism, and other skeletal disorders. There are four clinically indistinguishable but biochemically distinct forms, each due to a deficiency of a different enzyme.		01.9910
Keloid
A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.		01.9910
Marfan Syndrome, Type I
[description not available]		03.0650
Marfan Syndrome
An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2.		08.0650
Adhesions, Tissue
[description not available]		01.9910
Cleft Spine
[description not available]		01.9910
Carcinoma, Embryonal
A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595)		01.9910
Kaposi Sarcoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Sarcoma, Kaposi
A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.		01.9910
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.		01.9910
Basedow Disease
[description not available]		02.4120
Graves Disease
A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).		02.4120
Alcoholic Intoxication
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.		0210
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		03.3811
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		03.3811
Erysipelothrix Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus ERYSIPELOTHRIX.		0210
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN that manifests primarily as PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA and LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		02.6530
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		02.6530
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		02.6530
Mast-Cell Sarcoma
A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.		04.2570
Diabetes Insipidus and Mellitus with Optic Atrophy and Deafness
[description not available]		0210
Wolfram Syndrome
A hereditary condition characterized by multiple symptoms including those of DIABETES INSIPIDUS; DIABETES MELLITUS; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEAFNESS. This syndrome is also known as DIDMOAD (first letter of each word) and is usually associated with VASOPRESSIN deficiency. It is caused by mutations in gene WFS1 encoding wolframin, a 100-kDa transmembrane protein.		0210
Hyperventilation
A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.		0210
EBS-DM
[description not available]		0210
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex
A form of epidermolysis bullosa characterized by serous bullae that heal without scarring. Mutations in the genes that encode KERATIN-5 and KERATIN-14 have been associated with several subtypes of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.		0210
Anticipation, Genetic
The apparent tendency of certain diseases to appear at earlier AGE OF ONSET and with increasing severity in successive generations. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)		0210
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
[description not available]		0210
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic
An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.		0210
Poisoning, Mercury
[description not available]		0210
Mercury Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.		0210
Deaf Mutism
[description not available]		04.0431
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.		04.0431
Amyloid Angiopathy, Cerebral
[description not available]		0210
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or familial disorders characterized by AMYLOID deposits in the walls of small and medium sized blood vessels of CEREBRAL CORTEX and MENINGES. Clinical features include multiple, small lobar CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; cerebral ischemia (BRAIN ISCHEMIA); and CEREBRAL INFARCTION. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is unrelated to generalized AMYLOIDOSIS. Amyloidogenic peptides in this condition are nearly always the same ones found in ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (from Kumar: Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th ed., 2005)		0210
Arterivirus Infections
Infections caused by viruses of the genus ARTERIVIRUS.		0210
Candida Infection
[description not available]		0210
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		0210
Hepatic Porphyria
[description not available]		0210
Porphyrias, Hepatic
A group of metabolic diseases due to deficiency of one of a number of LIVER enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME. They are characterized by the accumulation and increased excretion of PORPHYRINS or its precursors. Clinical features include neurological symptoms (PORPHYRIA, ACUTE INTERMITTENT), cutaneous lesions due to photosensitivity (PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA), or both (HEREDITARY COPROPORPHYRIA). Hepatic porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic tissues.		0210
Dermatosclerosis
[description not available]		0210
Scleroderma, Localized
A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.		0210
Alagille Syndrome 1
[description not available]		0210
Alagille Syndrome
A multisystem disorder that is characterized by aplasia of intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC), and malformations in the cardiovascular system, the eyes, the vertebral column, and the facies. Major clinical features include JAUNDICE, and congenital heart disease with peripheral PULMONARY STENOSIS. Alagille syndrome may result from heterogeneous gene mutations, including mutations in JAG1 on CHROMOSOME 20 (Type 1) and NOTCH2 on CHROMOSOME 1 (Type 2).		0210
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.		04.8342
Hemorrhage, Gingival
[description not available]		04.3622
Gingival Hemorrhage
The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.		04.3622
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.		04.3622
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		0210
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		0210
Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion
[description not available]		0210
Hypopituitarism
Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.		0210
Cardiovirus Infections
Infections caused by viruses of the genus CARDIOVIRUS, family PICORNAVIRIDAE.		0210
Adrenocortical Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.		02.0110
Acrania
[description not available]		02.0110
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)		02.0110
Apnea
A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		02.0110
Cancer of Oropharnyx
[description not available]		02.0110
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.		02.0110
Central Diabetes Insipidus
[description not available]		02.0110
Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic
A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder caused by a deficiency of VASOPRESSINS secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. Clinical signs include the excretion of large volumes of dilute URINE; HYPERNATREMIA; THIRST; and polydipsia. Etiologies include HEAD TRAUMA; surgeries and diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This disorder may also be caused by mutations of genes such as ARVP encoding vasopressin and its corresponding neurophysin (NEUROPHYSINS).		02.0110
Fistula
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.		02.3620
Prurigo
A name applied to several itchy skin eruptions of unknown cause. The characteristic course is the formation of a dome-shaped papule with a small transient vesicle on top, followed by crusting over or lichenification. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		06.9510
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
[description not available]		02.3520
Neurodermatitis
An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus.		07.3520
Atypical Cluster Headache
[description not available]		01.9510
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		02.6430
Cephalgia, Vascular
[description not available]		01.9510
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		02.6430
Ciguatera
[description not available]		01.9510
Ciguatera Poisoning
Poisoning caused by ingestion of SEAFOOD containing microgram levels of CIGUATOXINS. The poisoning is characterized by gastrointestinal, neurological and cardiovascular disturbances.		01.9510
Mitral Incompetence
[description not available]		01.9510
Eccentro-Osteochondrodysplasia
[description not available]		01.9510
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.		01.9510
Mucopolysaccharidosis IV
Genetic disorder of mucopolysaccharide metabolism characterized by skeletal abnormalities, joint instability, development of cervical myelopathy, and excessive urinary keratan sulfate. There are two biochemically distinct forms, each due to a deficiency of a different enzyme.		01.9510
Genetic Diseases
[description not available]		04.0230
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
[description not available]		02.8710
Batten Turner Congenital Myopathy
[description not available]		02.8710
Alport Syndrome
[description not available]		02.8710
Encephalopathy, Kuru
[description not available]		02.8710
Slow Virus Diseases
Diseases of viral origin, characterized by incubation periods of months to years, insidious onset of clinical manifestations, and protracted clinical course. Though the disease process is protracted, viral multiplication may not be unusually slow. Conventional viruses produce slow virus diseases such as SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL), and AIDS. Diseases produced by unconventional agents were originally considered part of this group. They are now called PRION DISEASES.		02.8710
Nephritis, Hereditary
A group of inherited conditions characterized initially by HEMATURIA and slowly progressing to RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. The most common form is the Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis with HEARING LOSS) which is caused by mutations in genes for TYPE IV COLLAGEN and defective GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE.		02.8710
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
Diseases that are caused by genetic mutations present during embryo or fetal development, although they may be observed later in life. The mutations may be inherited from a parent's genome or they may be acquired in utero.		04.0230
Gelineau Syndrome
[description not available]		03.3311
Narcolepsy
A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)		03.3311
Neoplasms, Trophoblastic
[description not available]		03.2720
Centriacinar Emphysema
[description not available]		01.9510
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		03.0550
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		03.0550
Acatalasemia
[description not available]		02.8710
Glycogen Storage Disease Type VIII
An x-linked recessive hepatic glycogen storage disease resulting from lack of expression of phosphorylase-b-kinase activity. Symptoms are relatively mild; hepatomegaly, increased liver glycogen, and decreased leukocyte phosphorylase are present. Liver shrinkage occurs in response to glucagon.		02.8710
Taste Disorder, Anterior Tongue
[description not available]		04.6621
Aneuploid
[description not available]		02.3520
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
[description not available]		01.9510
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.		01.9510
Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain
[description not available]		02.8840
Cystine Diathesis
[description not available]		04.7270
Cystinosis
A metabolic disease characterized by the defective transport of CYSTINE across the lysosomal membrane due to mutation of a membrane protein cystinosin. This results in cystine accumulation and crystallization in the cells causing widespread tissue damage. In the KIDNEY, nephropathic cystinosis is a common cause of RENAL FANCONI SYNDROME.		04.7270
Enlarged Liver
[description not available]		02.3520
Distorted Hearing
[description not available]		03.5630
Death, Sudden
The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.		01.9510
Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9510
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)		01.9510
Rodent Diseases
Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).		02.3520
Cancer of Pharynx
[description not available]		01.9510
Pharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.		01.9510
Cold Fingers, Hereditary
[description not available]		01.9510
Raynaud Disease
An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.		01.9510
Sarcoma 37
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		02.8640
Dermatophytoses
[description not available]		02.3720
Tinea
Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.		02.3720
CKD-MBD
[description not available]		02.8610
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder
Decalcification of bone or abnormal bone development due to chronic KIDNEY DISEASES, in which 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis by the kidneys is impaired, leading to reduced negative feedback on PARATHYROID HORMONE. The resulting SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM eventually leads to bone disorders.		02.8610
Deficiency, Magnesium
[description not available]		01.9510
Magnesium Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)		01.9510
Kidney, Polycystic
[description not available]		02.6430
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis
[description not available]		02.3520
Polycystic Kidney Diseases
Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.		02.6430
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.		02.3520
Interstitial Nephritis
[description not available]		01.9510
Nephrosclerosis
Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.		02.3520
Nephritis, Interstitial
Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.		01.9510
Brain Damage, Chronic
A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.		03.7740
Hypertension, Renal
Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.		02.3520
Eye Manifestations
Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.		01.9510
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		02.3520
Cacosmia
[description not available]		01.9510
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		02.3620
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		02.3620
Kidney Tubular Transport, Inborn Error
[description not available]		03.7840
Albinism, Tyrosinase-Negative
[description not available]		01.9810
Albinism, Oculocutaneous
Heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders comprising at least four recognized types, all having in common varying degrees of hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. The two most common are the tyrosinase-positive and tyrosinase-negative types.		01.9810
Adult GM1 Gangliosidosis
[description not available]		02.3820
Gangliosidosis, GM1
An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the absence or deficiency of BETA-GALACTOSIDASE. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of G(M1) GANGLIOSIDE and oligosaccharides, primarily in neurons of the central nervous system. The infantile form is characterized by MUSCLE HYPOTONIA, poor psychomotor development, HIRSUTISM, hepatosplenomegaly, and facial abnormalities. The juvenile form features HYPERACUSIS; SEIZURES; and psychomotor retardation. The adult form features progressive DEMENTIA; ATAXIA; and MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp96-7)		02.3820
Conjugate Nystagmus
[description not available]		02.6530
Concomitant Strabismus
[description not available]		01.9810
Strabismus
Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)		01.9810
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		02.6430
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		02.6430
Ear Diseases
Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.		01.9710
Cholesteatoma
A non-neoplastic mass of keratin-producing squamous EPITHELIUM, frequently occurring in the MENINGES; bones of the skull, and most commonly in the MIDDLE EAR and MASTOID region. Cholesteatoma can be congenital or acquired. Cholesteatoma is not a tumor nor is it associated with high CHOLESTEROL.		01.9710
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9710
Albinism
General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.		02.6530
Circulatory Collapse
[description not available]		02.3820
Shock
A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.		07.3820
Deficiency, Hexosediphosphatase
[description not available]		01.9710
Spinal Diseases
Diseases involving the SPINE.		01.9710
Psoriasis Arthropathica
[description not available]		01.9710
Arthritis, Psoriatic
A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.		01.9710
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia
An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.		02.3620
Tooth Diseases
Diseases involving the TEETH.		01.9710
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		01.9710
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		01.9710
ADDH
[description not available]		01.9710
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)		01.9710
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors
[description not available]		01.9710
5p Deletion Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9710
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		01.9710
Bleb
[description not available]		02.3620
Rubeola
[description not available]		02.3620
Measles
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.		07.3620
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Demyelinating, Type 4f
[description not available]		06.35100
Deficiency, Vitamin A
[description not available]		01.9610
Vitamin A Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)		01.9610
Rheumatism
[description not available]		01.9610
Arthritis, Post-Infectious
[description not available]		01.9610
Rheumatic Diseases
Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.		01.9610
Spondylitis
Inflammation of the SPINE. This includes both arthritic and non-arthritic conditions.		01.9610
Arthritis, Reactive
An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN.		01.9610
Moniliasis, Oral
[description not available]		01.9710
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		01.9710
Candidiasis, Oral
Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9710
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		06.9710
Stomatitis, Denture
Inflammation of the mouth due to denture irritation.		01.9710
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion
Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)		02.3720
Short Bowel Syndrome
A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		01.9710
Thyroid Diseases
Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.		01.9610
Day Blindness
[description not available]		01.9710
Arginino Succinase Deficiency
[description not available]		01.9610
Argininosuccinic Aciduria
Rare autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle which leads to the accumulation of argininosuccinic acid in body fluids and severe HYPERAMMONEMIA. Clinical features of the neonatal onset of the disorder include poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, seizures, tachypnea, coma, and death. Later onset results in milder set of clinical features including vomiting, failure to thrive, irritability, behavioral problems, or psychomotor retardation. Mutations in the ARGININOSUCCINATE LYASE gene cause the disorder.		01.9610
Pregnancy in Diabetes
[description not available]		01.9710
Cadmium Poisoning
Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.		01.9610
Infections, Nematode
[description not available]		01.9610
Hydroa Vacciniforme
A vesicular and bullous eruption having a tendency to recur in summer during childhood and commonly appearing on sun-exposed skin. The lesions are surrounded by an erythematous zone and resemble a vaccination. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3620
Acoustic Trauma
Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.		03.7421
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced
Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.		03.7421
Blood Protein Disorders
Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.		01.9610
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		01.9610
Argentaffinoma
[description not available]		02.6430
Carcinoid Tumor
A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)		02.6430
Adiadochokinesis
[description not available]		01.9510
Congenital Foot Deformities
[description not available]		01.9510
Cerebellar Ataxia
Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)		01.9510
Xeroderma
[description not available]		02.8640
Ichthyosis
Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.		02.8640
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea.		01.9510
Skin Manifestations
Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.		02.3520
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		01.9510
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		01.9510
Kussmaul Aphasia
[description not available]		02.8610
Childhood Schizophrenia
[description not available]		02.8610
Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3420
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.		02.3420
Monkey Diseases
Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).		01.9510
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9510
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		01.9510
Complications, Labor
[description not available]		01.9410
Pellagra
A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).		02.3520
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		01.9410
Bouillaud Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.		01.9510
Dermatitis Exfoliativa
[description not available]		01.9510
Dermatitis, Exfoliative
The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9510
Avian Sarcoma
[description not available]		01.9410
Alexia
[description not available]		01.9410
Bone Marrow Diseases
Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.		02.3420
Endothelioma, Vascular
[description not available]		01.9410
Anaplastic Ependymoma
[description not available]		01.9410
Ependymoma
Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)		01.9410
Hemangioendothelioma
A neoplasm derived from blood vessels, characterized by numerous prominent endothelial cells that occur singly, in aggregates, and as the lining of congeries of vascular tubes or channels. Hemangioendotheliomas are relatively rare and are of intermediate malignancy (between benign hemangiomas and conventional angiosarcomas). They affect men and women about equally and rarely develop in childhood. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)		01.9410
Muscle Tissue Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.3520
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		01.9410
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		01.9410
Carcinoma, Krebs 2
A transplantable neoplasm of mice.		02.3520
Trichostrongyloidiasis
Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.		01.9410
Johne Disease
[description not available]		02.8640
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
[description not available]		01.9410
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.		01.9410
Ovine Diseases
[description not available]		02.3520
Alactasia
[description not available]		03.2720
Lactose Intolerance
The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.		03.2720
Reproductive Sterility
[description not available]		01.9510
Infertility
A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.		01.9510
Dyskinesia Syndromes
[description not available]		02.3520
Movement Disorders
Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.		02.3520
Lichen Ruber Planus
[description not available]		02.8610
Eperythrozoonosis
[description not available]		02.8610
Lichen Planus
An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a saw-tooth pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.		02.8610
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error
[description not available]		04.3430
Infant Malnutrition
Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.		02.8610
Retrolental Fibroplasia
[description not available]		02.8610
Retinopathy of Prematurity
A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.8610
Infections, Trichomonas
[description not available]		01.9510
Infections, Proteus
[description not available]		01.9510
Trichomonas Infections
Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.		01.9510
Adult Fanconi Syndrome
[description not available]		04.4350
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		02.3520
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum
[description not available]		02.3520
Keratosis
Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.		07.3520
Congenital Syphilis
[description not available]		01.9410
Syphilis, Congenital
Syphilis acquired in utero and manifested by any of several characteristic tooth (Hutchinson's teeth) or bone malformations and by active mucocutaneous syphilis at birth or shortly thereafter. Ocular and neurologic changes may also occur.		01.9410
Shock, Cardiogenic
Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.		01.9510
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		01.9510
Gastric Fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.		02.6430
Catatonia
A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		01.9510
Shock, Traumatic
Shock produced as a result of trauma.		02.3520
Encephalitis, Equine
[description not available]		01.9410
Edema Disease of Swine
An acute disease of young pigs that is usually associated with weaning. It is characterized clinically by paresis and subcutaneous edema.		01.9410
Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9410
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		01.9410
Mucopolysaccharidosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Aldrich Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9410
Ataxia Telangiectasia
An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA; TELANGIECTASIS of CONJUNCTIVA and SKIN; DYSARTHRIA; B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, and RADIOSENSITIVITY to IONIZING RADIATION. Affected individuals are prone to recurrent sinobronchopulmonary infections, lymphoreticular neoplasms, and other malignancies. Serum ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS are usually elevated. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p688) The gene for this disorder (ATM) encodes a cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase and has been mapped to chromosome 11 (11q22-q23).		01.9410
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Group of lysosomal storage diseases each caused by an inherited deficiency of an enzyme involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). The diseases are progressive and often display a wide spectrum of clinical severity within one enzyme deficiency.		01.9410
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
A rare, X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by ECZEMA; LYMPHOPENIA; and, recurrent pyogenic infection. It is seen exclusively in young boys. Typically, IMMUNOGLOBULIN M levels are low and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN E levels are elevated. Lymphoreticular malignancies are common.		01.9410
Malignant Hypertension
[description not available]		01.9410
Hypertension, Malignant
A condition of markedly elevated BLOOD PRESSURE with DIASTOLIC PRESSURE usually greater than 120 mm Hg. Malignant hypertension is characterized by widespread vascular damage, PAPILLEDEMA, retinopathy, HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY, and renal dysfunction.		01.9410
Bone Diseases, Developmental
Diseases resulting in abnormal GROWTH or abnormal MORPHOGENESIS of BONES.		02.6430
Alpers Diffuse Degeneration of Cerebral Gray Matter with Hepatic Cirrhosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Encephalitis, Inclusion Body, Measles
[description not available]		01.9410
Glandular Fever
[description not available]		01.9410
Infectious Mononucleosis
A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.		01.9410
Scarlet Fever
Infection with group A streptococci that is characterized by tonsillitis and pharyngitis. An erythematous rash is commonly present.		02.3520
Metal Metabolism, Inborn Error
[description not available]		01.9410
Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Dysfunctions in the metabolism of metals resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		01.9410
Chromosomal Triplication
[description not available]		01.9410
Bunostomiasis
[description not available]		01.9410
Hookworm Infections
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.		01.9410
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.		06.9410
Nearsightedness
[description not available]		01.9410
Myopia
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.		01.9410
Besnoitiasis
[description not available]		01.9410
Hymenolepiasis
Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.		01.9410
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		01.9410
Eye Burns
Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.		01.9410
Agranulocytosis
A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).		01.9410
Hypoascorbemia
[description not available]		02.3520
Scurvy
An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs.		02.3520
Purpura, Thrombopenic
[description not available]		01.9410
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic
Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.		01.9410
Anemia, Hemolytic, Hereditary
[description not available]		01.9410
Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital
Hemolytic anemia due to various intrinsic defects of the erythrocyte.		01.9410
Acquired Language Disorders
[description not available]		01.9410
Language Disorders
Conditions characterized by deficiencies of comprehension or expression of written and spoken forms of language. These include acquired and developmental disorders.		01.9410
Pancreatic Fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the PANCREAS.		01.9410
Hyperactivity, Motor
[description not available]		01.9410
Leukocytosis
A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.		01.9410
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		01.9410
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		01.9410
Chicken Pox
[description not available]		01.9410
Measles, German
[description not available]		01.9410
Chickenpox
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9410
Abortion, Threatened
UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE.		01.9410
Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy
[description not available]		01.9410
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.		01.9410