glutamic acid and concanavalin a

glutamic acid has been researched along with concanavalin a in 39 studies

Research

Studies (39)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199013 (33.33)18.7374
1990's12 (30.77)18.2507
2000's14 (35.90)29.6817
2010's0 (0.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Mayer, ML; Patneau, DK; Vyklicky, L1
Levitan, IB; Lin, SS1
Kits, KS; Piek, T1
Ashford, ML; Boden, P; Ramsey, RL; Usherwood, PN1
Kempson, SA; McAteer, JA; Murer, H; Ying, AL1
Brand, K1
Collins, GG; Surtees, L1
Tsuru, A; Washio, H; Yamaguchi, T1
Thieffry, M1
Kudo, Y; Oka, J1
Kirschbaum, BB1
Donaldson, PL; Duce, IR; Usherwood, PN2
Dudel, J; Finger, W; Stettmeier, H1
Wachtel, RE1
Kaneko, S; Nakamura, S; Satoh, M1
Huganir, RL; Moshaver, A; Raymond, LA; Tingley, WG1
Silveira, LA; Smith, JL; Spudich, JA1
Gao, F; Maguire, G; Maple, B; Wu, SM; Yang, JH1
Ensor, DM; Miles, JB; Morley, JS; Owen, DL1
Badre, SE; Morsette, DJ; Sidorowicz, HE; Sladek, CD1
Aihara, Y; Kuwasawa, K; Ohsuga, K; Otokawa, M; Tanaka, K; Yasumatsu, M; Yazawa, T1
Akaike, N; Harata, N; Katayama, J1
Blank, T; Cepok, S; Grafelmann, B; Kügler, H; Nijholt, I; Spiess, J1
Castellucci, VF; Storozhuk, MV1
Akaike, N; Nabekura, J; Nakanishi, H; Noda, M1
Cooke, IM; Duan, S1
Eisenstein, M; Hollmann, M; Kizelsztein, P; Strutz, N; Teichberg, VI; Thalhammer, A; Villmann, C1
Bowie, D; Garcia, EP; Lange, GD; Marshall, J; Traynelis, SF1
Kerokoski, P; Pirttilä, T; Salminen, A; Soininen, H; Suuronen, T1
Concas, A; Marino, G; Minei, R; Pierobon, P; Porcu, P; Sogliano, C; Tino, A; Tortiglione, C1
Brive, L; Freeze, HH; Srikrishna, G1
Adams, DJ; Dodd, PR; Lewis, RJ; Ragnarsson, L; Yasuda, T1
Bowie, D; Fay, AM1
Bräuner-Osborne, H; Jensen, AA; Strange, M1
Hoffmann, J; Hollmann, M; Villmann, C; Werner, M1
Ahmed, HU; Blakeley, MP; Cianci, M; Cruickshank, DW; Helliwell, JR; Hubbard, JA1
Bowie, D; Brown, P; Corbeil, CR; Fay, AM; Moitessier, N1
Casson, RJ; Chidlow, G; Crowston, JG; Ju, WK; Trounce, IA; Van Bergen, NJ; Weinreb, RN; Wood, JP1

Reviews

1 review(s) available for glutamic acid and concanavalin a

ArticleYear
Concanavalin A: a tool to investigate neuronal plasticity.
    Trends in neurosciences, 1991, Volume: 14, Issue:7

    Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Axons; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Concanavalin A; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Invertebrates; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscles; Nerve Regeneration; Neuronal Plasticity; Protein Conformation; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Structure-Activity Relationship; Synapses

1991

Other Studies

38 other study(ies) available for glutamic acid and concanavalin a

ArticleYear
Modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission by drugs that reduce desensitization at AMPA/kainate receptors.
    Neuron, 1991, Volume: 7, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A; Evoked Potentials; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Neurons; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Sucrose; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; Wheat Germ Agglutinins

1991
Action of the polyamine beta-philanthotoxin on neuromuscular transmission in insects.
    Neuropharmacology, 1986, Volume: 25, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Bee Venoms; Concanavalin A; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Grasshoppers; Ion Channels; Iontophoresis; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Neuroeffector Junction; Polyamines; Synaptic Transmission; Wasp Venoms

1986
Enhancement of desensitization of quisqualate-type glutamate receptor by the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine.
    The Journal of experimental biology, 1989, Volume: 141

    Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Concanavalin A; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Grasshoppers; Ion Channels; Ketamine; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Neuromuscular Junction; Oxadiazoles; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter

1989
Endocytosis and Na+/solute cotransport in renal epithelial cells.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1989, Nov-05, Volume: 264, Issue:31

    Topics: Alanine; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Concanavalin A; Endocytosis; Epithelium; Gentamicins; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Isoquinolines; Kidney; Kinetics; Phosphates; Potassium; Sodium; Sucrose

1989
Glutamine and glucose metabolism during thymocyte proliferation. Pathways of glutamine and glutamate metabolism.
    The Biochemical journal, 1985, Jun-01, Volume: 228, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A; Female; Glucose; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydroxy Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thymus Gland

1985
"Desensitization" of excitatory amino acid responses in the rat olfactory cortex.
    Neuropharmacology, 1986, Volume: 25, Issue:3

    Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Concanavalin A; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Ouabain; Rats; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Drug; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter

1986
L-glutamate and potassium-induced contractures in denervated cockroach muscles.
    Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology, 1987, Volume: 87, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Concanavalin A; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Denervation; Periplaneta; Potassium

1987
Concanavalin A blocks the Ca2+ -dependence of crayfish muscle fiber responses to glutamate.
    Brain research, 1982, Jul-08, Volume: 243, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; Calcium; Cations, Divalent; Concanavalin A; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Muscles

1982
The role of calcium ion in the L-glutamate-induced depolarization in the frog spinal cord.
    Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C: Comparative pharmacology, 1982, Volume: 72, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Calcium; Concanavalin A; Egtazic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Perfusion; Rana catesbeiana; Sodium Chloride; Spinal Cord

1982
Surface properties of kidney brushborder membranes affecting the transport of glutamic acid.
    Kidney international, 1982, Volume: 22, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Concanavalin A; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Harmaline; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Male; Mannitol; Membrane Proteins; Microvilli; Muramidase; Neuraminidase; Papain; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium

1982
Investigations into the mechanism of excitant amino acid cytotoxicity using a well-characterized glutamatergic system.
    Brain research, 1983, Mar-14, Volume: 263, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Concanavalin A; Cysteine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Grasshoppers; Kainic Acid; Nerve Degeneration; Neuromuscular Junction; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxadiazoles; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Glutamate; Synaptic Transmission

1983
Effects of concanavalin A on glutamate operated postsynaptic channels in crayfish muscle.
    Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 1983, Volume: 397, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; Concanavalin A; Electrophysiology; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Membrane Potentials; Neuromuscular Junction; Synaptic Membranes

1983
Calcium accumulation precedes the degenerative effects of L-glutamate on locust muscle fibres.
    Brain research, 1983, Sep-12, Volume: 274, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Calcium; Concanavalin A; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Grasshoppers; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Muscles; Muscular Diseases; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Glutamate

1983
Aliphatic alcohols increase the decay rate of glutamate-activated currents at the crayfish neuromuscular junction.
    British journal of pharmacology, 1984, Volume: 83, Issue:2

    Topics: Alcohols; Animals; Astacoidea; Concanavalin A; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Neuromuscular Junction; Structure-Activity Relationship

1984
Potentiation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-selective glutamate receptor function by a nootropic drug, idebenone.
    Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 1994, Volume: 17, Issue:1

    Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Benzoquinones; Concanavalin A; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophysiology; Female; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Oocytes; Receptors, Glutamate; RNA, Complementary; Ubiquinone; Xenopus laevis

1994
Glutamate receptor ion channel properties predict vulnerability to cytotoxicity in a transfected nonneuronal cell line.
    Molecular and cellular neurosciences, 1996, Volume: 7, Issue:2

    Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Base Sequence; Benzothiadiazines; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Concanavalin A; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA Primers; Evoked Potentials; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ion Channels; Kainic Acid; Kidney; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; N-Methylaspartate; Neurotoxins; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Transfection

1996
Activation of Dictyostelium myosin light chain kinase A by phosphorylation of Thr166.
    The EMBO journal, 1996, Nov-15, Volume: 15, Issue:22

    Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Concanavalin A; Dictyostelium; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase; Phosphates; Phosphorylation; Phosphothreonine; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Analysis; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Threonine

1996
Postsynaptic responses of horizontal cells in the tiger salamander retina are mediated by AMPA-preferring receptors.
    Brain research, 1998, Jun-22, Volume: 797, Issue:1

    Topics: Ambystoma; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzodiazepines; Benzothiadiazines; Concanavalin A; Dark Adaptation; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fluorescent Dyes; Glutamic Acid; Isoquinolines; Membrane Potentials; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Photic Stimulation; Photoreceptor Cells; Receptors, AMPA; Synapses

1998
The C-terminal tetrapeptide of beta-endorphin (MPF) enhances lymphocyte proliferative responses.
    Neuropeptides, 1998, Volume: 32, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Cell Division; Concanavalin A; Dipeptides; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Mitogens; Oligopeptides; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Species Specificity; T-Lymphocytes

1998
Role of non-NMDA receptors in osmotic and glutamate stimulation of vasopressin release: effect of rapid receptor desensitization.
    Journal of neuroendocrinology, 1998, Volume: 10, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Benzothiadiazines; Concanavalin A; Down-Regulation; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Chloride; Vasopressins

1998
A pharmacological and HPLC analysis of the excitatory transmitter of the cardiac ganglion in the heart of the isopod crustacean Bathynomus doederleini.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 1998, Volume: 76, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Biogenic Monoamines; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Concanavalin A; Crustacea; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Ganglia, Invertebrate; Glutamic Acid; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, Glutamate; Tetrodotoxin

1998
Excitatory amino acid responses in relay neurons of the rat lateral geniculate nucleus.
    Neuroscience, 1999, Volume: 89, Issue:1

    Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzothiadiazines; Concanavalin A; Dipeptides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Geniculate Bodies; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Ionophores; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Nystatin; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Synaptic Transmission

1999
NS-257, a novel competitive AMPA receptor antagonist, interacts with kainate and NMDA receptors.
    Brain research, 1999, Mar-13, Volume: 821, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzothiadiazines; Concanavalin A; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Indoles; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microinjections; N-Methylaspartate; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Complementary; RNA, Messenger; Sulfonamides; Xenopus

1999
Some receptor properties in motor neurons of an Aplysia withdrawal reflex.
    Neurochemical research, 1999, Volume: 24, Issue:11

    Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Animals; Aplysia; Concanavalin A; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Motor Neurons; Receptors, Glutamate; Reflex; Synapses

1999
AMPA-kainate subtypes of glutamate receptor in rat cerebral microglia.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2000, Jan-01, Volume: 20, Issue:1

    Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzothiadiazines; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Concanavalin A; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Microglia; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Stimulation, Chemical; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

2000
Glutamate and GABA activate different receptors and Cl(-) conductances in crab peptide-secretory neurons.
    Journal of neurophysiology, 2000, Volume: 83, Issue:1

    Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Benzothiadiazines; Brachyura; Cells, Cultured; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Concanavalin A; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Kainic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Quisqualic Acid; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, GABA; Receptors, Glutamate

2000
Identification of domains and amino acids involved in GLuR7 ion channel function.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2001, Jan-15, Volume: 21, Issue:2

    Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Binding Sites; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GluK2 Kainate Receptor; GluK3 Kainate Receptor; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ion Channels; Ion Transport; Kainic Acid; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Structure-Activity Relationship; Transfection; Xenopus

2001
Allosteric regulation and spatial distribution of kainate receptors bound to ancillary proteins.
    The Journal of physiology, 2003, Mar-01, Volume: 547, Issue:Pt 2

    Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Concanavalin A; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GluK2 Kainate Receptor; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Signal Transduction; Tissue Distribution

2003
Both N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors mediate glutamate-induced cleavage of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) activator p35 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons.
    Neuroscience letters, 2004, Sep-23, Volume: 368, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Benzothiadiazines; Blotting, Western; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cells, Cultured; Concanavalin A; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; Dipeptides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Nifedipine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Glutamate; Time Factors

2004
Putative NMDA receptors in Hydra: a biochemical and functional study.
    The European journal of neuroscience, 2004, Volume: 20, Issue:10

    Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Binding Sites; Cell Membrane; Concanavalin A; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Feeding Behavior; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Glycine; Hydra; Kynurenic Acid; N-Methylaspartate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Serine; Strychnine

2004
Novel carboxylated N-glycans contain oligosaccharide-linked glutamic acid.
    Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2005, Jul-15, Volume: 332, Issue:4

    Topics: Acids; Amino Acids; Carboxylic Acids; Chromatography; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Concanavalin A; Escherichia coli; Flow Cytometry; Glutamic Acid; HeLa Cells; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Iodinated; Hydrolysis; Immunoprecipitation; Ions; Oligosaccharides; Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) Asparagine Amidase; Polysaccharides; Xanthomonas

2005
NMDA receptor subunit-dependent modulation by conantokin-G and Ala7-conantokin-G.
    Journal of neurochemistry, 2006, Volume: 96, Issue:1

    Topics: Alanine; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Concanavalin A; Conotoxins; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Membrane Potentials; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Recombinant Proteins; Xenopus

2006
Concanavalin-A reports agonist-induced conformational changes in the intact GluR6 kainate receptor.
    The Journal of physiology, 2006, Apr-01, Volume: 572, Issue:Pt 1

    Topics: Binding Sites; Cell Line; Concanavalin A; GluK2 Kainate Receptor; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Ion Channel Gating; Kidney; Membrane Potentials; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Structure-Activity Relationship

2006
Functional characterisation of homomeric ionotropic glutamate receptors GluR1-GluR6 in a fluorescence-based high throughput screening assay.
    Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening, 2006, Volume: 9, Issue:2

    Topics: Aniline Compounds; Benzothiadiazines; Calcium; Cell Line; Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques; Concanavalin A; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fluorescence; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Kainic Acid; Quinoxalines; Receptors, AMPA; Receptors, Glutamate; Signal Transduction; Xanthenes

2006
Investigation via ion pore transplantation of the putative relationship between glutamate receptors and K+ channels.
    Molecular and cellular neurosciences, 2006, Volume: 33, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Biotinylation; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Concanavalin A; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Electric Stimulation; Glutamic Acid; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Ion Channel Gating; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Mutagenesis; Mutant Chimeric Proteins; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channels; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Rats; Receptors, Glutamate; Transfection; Xenopus

2006
The determination of protonation states in proteins.
    Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography, 2007, Volume: 63, Issue:Pt 8

    Topics: Aspartic Acid; Concanavalin A; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glutamic Acid; Hirudins; Histidine; Hydrogen Bonding; Models, Molecular; Peptide Fragments; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Proteins; Protons; Thrombin

2007
Functional characterization and in silico docking of full and partial GluK2 kainate receptor agonists.
    Molecular pharmacology, 2009, Volume: 75, Issue:5

    Topics: Aspartic Acid; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Concanavalin A; GluK2 Kainate Receptor; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Protein Conformation; Receptors, Kainic Acid; Serine; Stereoisomerism

2009
Recharacterization of the RGC-5 retinal ganglion cell line.
    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2009, Volume: 50, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Transformed; Concanavalin A; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Glutamic Acid; Mice; Rats; Retinal Ganglion Cells

2009