An acetal of formula R2C(OR)2 (R =/= H) derived from a ketone by replacement of the oxo group by two hydrocarbyloxy groups. The class name 'ketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of acetals.
| Member | Definition | Role |
|---|
| 1,7-dioxaspiro(5.5)undecane | | (S)-1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane |
| 3-(3-furylmethylidene)-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione | | 3-(3-furylmethylidene)-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione |
| 4-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.11]hexadecan-3-ylmethyl)morpholine | | 4-(1,4-dioxaspiro[4.11]hexadecan-3-ylmethyl)morpholine |
| conophthorin | | (5R,7S)-7-Methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane |
| dinophysistoxin 1 | A ketal that is a marine toxin structurally related to okadaic acid. Produced by dinoflagellates it is known to accumulate in shellfish and cause diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning. It is an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and PP2A and has been shown to promote cancer cell growth in tumour cell lines and animal models. | dinophysistoxin 1 |
| dinophysistoxin 2 | A ketal that is a rare marine toxin structurally related to okadaic acid. Found yearly along with okadaic acid in Portuguese shellfish, its presence has been correlated with the occurrence of Dinophysis acta. | dinophysistoxin 2 |
| etoxadrol | | etoxadrol |
| LSM-24581 | | LSM-24581 |
| okadaic acid | | (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(2R)-4-[(2S,2'R,4R,4aS,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylene-2'-spiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy |