Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 104817 |
| MeSH ID | M0018248 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| 8059-24-3 |
| vitamin b 6 |
| (5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl phosphate |
| A19429 |
| einecs 232-503-8 |
| FT-0636608 |
| AKOS015891944 |
| vitamin b6,(s) |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Treatment of the toxic hepatitis with heptral increased the level of cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, glutation activity of glutationetranspherase glutathione and reduced content of homocysteine." | ( [Efficacy and safety of heptral, vitamin B6 and folic acid during toxic hepatitis induced by CCL4]. Antelava, NA; Gogoluari, LI; Gogoluari, MI; Okudzhava, MV; Pirtskhalaĭshvili, NN, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " However, haematological toxic effects of linezolid frequently limit its prolonged use, especially in patients with poor marrow reserves such as those with cancer receiving chemotherapy." | ( The role of vitamin B6 in the prevention of haematological toxic effects of linezolid in patients with cancer. Adachi, J; Chemaly, RF; Hachem, R; Raad, I; Rolston, K; Ying, J; Youssef, S, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " We found no significant differences in the rate of haematological toxic effects between the two patient groups." | ( The role of vitamin B6 in the prevention of haematological toxic effects of linezolid in patients with cancer. Adachi, J; Chemaly, RF; Hachem, R; Raad, I; Rolston, K; Ying, J; Youssef, S, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Safety was assessed by evaluation of vital functions, laboratory tests, ECG, registration of adverse events (AE)." | ( [Evaluation of efficiency and safety of adding neuromultivit to basic therapy of vertebrogenic radiculopathy]. Granatov, EV; Khabirov, FA; Khaibullin, TI, ) | 0.13 |
| " In light of this, the number of reported cases of adverse health effects due to the use of vitamin B-6 have increased." | ( Vitamin B-6-Induced Neuropathy: Exploring the Mechanisms of Pyridoxine Toxicity. Hadtstein, F; Vrolijk, M, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "It is challenging for physicians to prescribe a safe dose of B6 supplements because of the narrow therapeutic index." | ( Preventing Vitamin B6-Related Neurotoxicity. Reddy, P, ) | 0.13 |
| "Levetiracetam (LVT), while an effective treatment for multiple seizure types, is associated with a high incidence of neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs)." | ( Current evidence for adjunct pyridoxine (vitamin B6) for the treatment of behavioral adverse effects associated with levetiracetam: A systematic review. Besag, FMC; Sen, A; Vasey, MJ, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " One RCT reported significant improvements from baseline in behavioral adverse events (BAEs) in both the intervention (PN) group and the low-dose control group (both p < 0." | ( Current evidence for adjunct pyridoxine (vitamin B6) for the treatment of behavioral adverse effects associated with levetiracetam: A systematic review. Besag, FMC; Sen, A; Vasey, MJ, 2023) | 0.91 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "The objectives of these analyses were to (1) develop a semimechanistic-physiologic population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model to describe neutropenic response to pemetrexed and to (2) identify influential covariates with respect to pharmacodynamic response." | ( A semimechanistic-physiologic population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for neutropenia following pemetrexed therapy. Ghosh, A; Johnson, RD; Karlsson, MO; Latz, JE; Rusthoven, JJ, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The results showed no differences of pharmacokinetic behaviors between cyclophosphamide administration with and without vitamin B6." | ( Comparative pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide administration alone and combination with vitamin B6 in rats. Bi, K; Chen, X; Gu, L; Hou, P; Jiang, Y; Ju, P; Ma, B; Zeng, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2015) | 0.42 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The validated method was successfully applied to evaluate the drug-drug interaction of cyclophosphamide and vitamin B6 in rat plasma." | ( Comparative pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide administration alone and combination with vitamin B6 in rats. Bi, K; Chen, X; Gu, L; Hou, P; Jiang, Y; Ju, P; Ma, B; Zeng, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "To evaluate the efficacy of mannatide combined with sodium cantharidate vitamin B6 in the treatment of malignant pleural effusions." | ( Efficacy of mannatide combined with sodium cantharidate vitamin B6 in the treatment of malignant pleural effusions. Song, J; Wang, LZ; Zhang, HJ, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Injection into the thorax using mannatide combined with sodium cantharidate vitamin B6 was performed for 37 patients in the experimental group and mannatide combined with cisplatin for 32 patients in the control group." | ( Efficacy of mannatide combined with sodium cantharidate vitamin B6 in the treatment of malignant pleural effusions. Song, J; Wang, LZ; Zhang, HJ, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Regimen of mannatide combined with sodium cantharidate vitamin B6 had better improvement in quality-of-life and symptom relief, with a lower side-effect incidence in treatment of malignant pleural effusions." | ( Efficacy of mannatide combined with sodium cantharidate vitamin B6 in the treatment of malignant pleural effusions. Song, J; Wang, LZ; Zhang, HJ, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "To evaluate the therapeutic effect of progesterone in combination with vitamin B6 in the treatment of antipsychotic-induced amenorrhea." | ( Clinical Study of Progesterone Combined with Vitamin B6 in the Treatment of Amenorrhea Endocrine Disorders Caused by Antipsychotics. Hu, S; Ran, L; Wang, M; Zhai, W; Zhao, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Among them, the progesterone group was treated only with progesterone, while the vitamin B6 group was given progesterone in combination with vitamin B6." | ( Clinical Study of Progesterone Combined with Vitamin B6 in the Treatment of Amenorrhea Endocrine Disorders Caused by Antipsychotics. Hu, S; Ran, L; Wang, M; Zhai, W; Zhao, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The effectiveness of progesterone combined with vitamin B6 in treating amenorrhea caused by antipsychotics is significantly better than simple progesterone, which can effectively improve the endocrine condition of patients and provide a reference for the clinical treatment of amenorrhea caused by antipsychotics." | ( Clinical Study of Progesterone Combined with Vitamin B6 in the Treatment of Amenorrhea Endocrine Disorders Caused by Antipsychotics. Hu, S; Ran, L; Wang, M; Zhai, W; Zhao, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia may involve impaired bioavailability of NO, possibly secondary to accumulation of the endogenous NO synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and increased oxidative stress." | ( ADMA and oxidative stress are responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia: effects of L-arginine and B vitamins. Arakawa, N; Bode-Böger, SM; Böger, RH; Frölich, JC; Hornig, B; Schwedhelm, E; Sydow, K; Tsikas, D, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The results of the validation showed that for males, a model using a fixed bioavailability factor at the food group level was valid, while for females a model using either a fixed value or a distribution for the bioavailability factor was valid." | ( Validation and sensitivity analysis of probabilistic models of dietary exposure to micronutrients: an example based on vitamin B6. Brussaard, JH; Hulshof, KF; Kruizinga, AG; Rubingh, CM, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Folate and vitamin B12 levels rose significantly, suggesting that the supplement was well absorbed and that participants adhered to the protocol." | ( Effects of short-term supplementation with ascorbate, folate, and vitamins B6 and B12 on inflammatory factors and estrogen levels in obese postmenopausal women. Palmas, W, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Due to the health implications of a marginal pyridoxine status, vegans should be encouraged to include foods with a high bioavailability of pyridoxine, such as beans, lentils and bananas, in the daily diet." | ( Dietary intake of vitamin B6 and concentration of vitamin B6 in blood samples of German vegans. Dörr, B; Hahn, A; Koschizke, JW; Leitzmann, C; Waldmann, A, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Natural food folates have a limited ability to enhance folate status as a result of their poor stability under typical cooking conditions and incomplete bioavailability when compared with the synthetic vitamin, folic acid (as found in supplements and fortified foods)." | ( Intake and status of folate and related B-vitamins: considerations and challenges in achieving optimal status. McNulty, H; Scott, JM, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "A crossover single-dose bioavailability study (n = 3) using gamma-tocopherol as exposure marker and a crossover unblinded dietary intervention study (5 weeks) in subjects at risk (n = 25)." | ( Consumption of restructured meat products with added walnuts has a cholesterol-lowering effect in subjects at high cardiovascular risk: a randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Blanco-Navarro, I; Blázquez-García, S; Granado-Lorencio, F; Herrero-Barbudo, C; Olmedilla-Alonso, B; Pérez-Sacristán, B, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Due to the low bioavailability of the hydrosolubile forms of thiamine, its liposolubile preparations (benfotiamine) are preferentially used." | ( [The effect of benfothiamine in the therapy of diabetic polyneuropathy]. Apostolski, S; Basta, I; Kacar, A; Lavrnić, D; Nikolić, A, ) | 0.13 |
| "Oat-bran helps to improve constipation management and B12 bioavailability in elderly, with multiple chronic diseases who live in nursing homes." | ( The status of vitamins B6, B12, folate, and of homocysteine in geriatric home residents receiving laxatives or dietary fiber. Dietrich, A; Elmadfa, I; Gisinger, C; Sturtzel, B; Wagner, KH, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "Homocysteine is a cardiovascular risk factor, its metabolism is influenced by certain B vitamins and it is associated with endothelial dysfunction probably due to impaired bioavailability of NO caused by homocysteine-induced accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase." | ( Homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in relation to B vitamins in elderly people. Elmadfa, I; Fabian, E; Kickinger, A; Wagner, KH, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "The significant correlation between homocysteine and ADMA observed in this study may be an important mechanism decreasing NO bioavailability and so causing endothelial dysfunction." | ( Homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine in relation to B vitamins in elderly people. Elmadfa, I; Fabian, E; Kickinger, A; Wagner, KH, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Bioconjugates of a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) G3 dendrimer and an aldehyde were synthesized as carriers for vitamins A and B₆, and the bioavailability of these vitamins for skin nutrition was investigated." | ( Bioconjugates of PAMAM dendrimers with trans-retinal, pyridoxal, and pyridoxal phosphate. Filipowicz, A; Wołowiec, S, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Carbohydrate-rich diet triggers insulin response to enhance the bioavailability of tryptophan in the CNS which is responsible for increased craving of carbohydrate diets." | ( Effect of diet on serotonergic neurotransmission in depression. Bose, S; Krishnamohan, R; Mattison, C; Nel, W; Ngu, N; Patel, A; Rais, A; Sandhu, R; Sandhu, S; Shabbir, F; Sharma, S; Sweeney, E, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Vitamin B6 (B6) is a cofactor, and genetic polymorphisms of related key enzymes, such as serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), and methionine synthase (MS), in FMOCM may govern the bioavailability of metabolites and play important roles in the maintenance of genomic stability and cell viability (GSACV)." | ( The Role of Genetic Polymorphisms as Related to One-Carbon Metabolism, Vitamin B6, and Gene-Nutrient Interactions in Maintaining Genomic Stability and Cell Viability in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients. Cao, N; Fenech, M; Liang, Z; Ni, J; Wang, X; Wu, X; Xu, W; Zhou, T; Zou, T, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " However, the bioavailability of the vitamin in the edible portions of the commonly consumed plants is insufficient to meet the daily recommended doses." | ( Overexpression of PDX-II gene in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leads to the enhanced accumulation of vitamin B6 in tuber tissues and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Bagri, DS; Kumar, A; Upadhyaya, CP; Upadhyaya, DC, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "To investigate the ingredients' bioavailability of the complex vitamin-mineral-trace element composition LaVita® we recruited healthy volunteers for six months and observed the changes of pregnancy relevant parameters by means of laboratory measures." | ( Potential of the multivitamin-mineral-trace element composition LaVita® before, during and after pregnancy. Doerfler, D; Endler, TA; Mosgoeller, W; Muss, C, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Prolonged circulation half-life and tumor site bioavailability were achieved for both the drugs with the developed approach." | ( Targeted co-delivery of the aldose reductase inhibitor epalrestat and chemotherapeutic doxorubicin via a redox-sensitive prodrug approach promotes synergistic tumor suppression. Banala, VT; Dwivedi, M; Gautam, S; Marwaha, D; Mishra, PR; Sharma, M; Sharma, S; Shukla, RP; Urandur, S, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Vitamin B6 from plant foods may have lower bioavailability than vitamin B6 from animal foods, but studies on objectively measured vitamin B6 status among vegetarians compared to non-vegetarians are lacking." | ( Vitamin B6 Status among Vegetarians: Findings from a Population-Based Survey. Bärnighausen, T; Cassidy, A; Karavasiloglou, N; Kühn, T; Rohrmann, S; Schorgg, P, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Food preparation and processing operations affect contents and bioavailability of micronutrients in traditional dishes." | ( Nutrient retention in popular dishes based on Google Trends data in Hatay cuisine. Güçlü, D; Öney, B; Yılmaz, SE, 2023) | 0.91 |
| Pathway | Proteins | Compounds |
|---|---|---|
| pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage I | 5 | 19 |
| pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis I | 7 | 26 |
| superpathway of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis and salvage | 9 | 37 |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 918 (32.43) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 5 (0.18) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 809 (28.58) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 800 (28.26) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 299 (10.56) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (79.59) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 259 (8.55%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 304 (10.03%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 100 (3.30%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 13 (0.43%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 2,354 (77.69%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single Site, Open-label, Randomized, Two Treatments, Two Periods, Two Sequences, Crossover Trial to Evaluate the Bioequivalence of Two Delayed-release Oral Formulations of a Fixed Combination of Doxylamine Succinate 10 mg/Pyridoxine Hydrochloride 10 mg (T [NCT03905564] | Phase 1 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-06-30 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Sponsor decision) | ||
| PILOTSTUDIE ZUR PYRIDOXALPHOSPHATTHERAPIE BEI PATIENTEN MIT PRIMÄRER HYPEROXALURIE TYP I (PHOX-B6-PILOT) Pilot Trial on Treatment of Patients With Primary Hyperoxaluria Type I With Pyridoxal-phosphate [NCT01281878] | Phase 2 | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of Risk-Targeted Video Based Directly on Observed Therapy for Latent TB [NCT03783728] | 0 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2019-06-30 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Investigator is leaving the University) | |||
| Renal Protective Effect and Clinical Analysis of Vitamin B6 in Patients With Sepsis [NCT06008223] | 128 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-11-01 | Completed | |||
| Folic Acid and B Vitamins for Secondary Prevention of Stroke : A Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT01317849] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-07-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to financial assistance financial assistance financial assistance financial assistance financial assistance without financial assistance) | |||
| An Exploratory Single Blind Study of Ergoloid Mesylates, 5-Hydroxytryptophan, and the Combination in Adult Males With Fragile X Syndrome [NCT05030129] | Phase 2 | 15 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-10-07 | Completed | ||
| StAT-TB (Statin Adjunctive Therapy for TB): A Phase 2b Dose-finding Study of Pravastatin in Adults With Tuberculosis [NCT03882177] | Phase 2 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-02-21 | Completed | ||
| URBAN ARCH (3/5) Uganda Cohort TB Preventive Therapy for HIV-infected Alcohol Users in Uganda: an Evaluation of Safety Tolerability and Adherence [NCT03302299] | Phase 4 | 302 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-04-07 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Vitamin Supplementation and Strength Training in Parkinson's Disease [NCT01238926] | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2008-05-31 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Vitamin B6 and Magnesium on Neurobehavioral Status of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study [NCT03963479] | Phase 2 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-01-01 | Recruiting | ||
| Supplementation of Compound Nutrients on Plasma Homocysteine in Chinese Adults With Hyperhomocysteinemia: a Randomized Double-blind Control Trial [NCT03720249] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-05-20 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| EARLY NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS [NCT01230359] | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-04-30 | Completed | |||
| Effect of Vitamin B6 and B12 in the Treatment of Movement Disorders Induced by Antipsychotics [NCT03790345] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 45 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-09-03 | Recruiting | ||
| Pyridoxine, P2 Receptor Antagonism, and ATP-mediated Vasodilation in Young Adults [NCT03738943] | Early Phase 1 | 9 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-02-07 | Completed | ||
| A Pilot Study of the Preoperative Misoprostol in Reducing Operative Blood Loss During Hysterectomy [NCT01199159] | 77 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | |||
| TBTC Study 31 PK/PD: Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of Efficacy and Safety of High-Dose Rifapentine and Moxifloxacin for Treatment of Tuberculosis in the Study 31 Treatment Trial: Intensive PK Sampling [NCT02563327] | Phase 3 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-05-30 | Recruiting | ||
| Vitamin B6 Concentration and Treatment in Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy [NCT00763633] | Phase 4 | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized Trial to Determine if Vitamin B6 Can Prevent Hand and Foot Syndrome in Cancer Patients Treated With Capecitabine Chemotherapy [NCT00767689] | 6 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-03-21 | Terminated(stopped due to incomplete enrollment) | |||
| One-month Latent Tuberculosis Treatment for Renal Transplant Candidates [NCT05411744] | Phase 4 | 25 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-07-01 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized Phase III Study of Vitamins B6 and B12 to Prevent Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy in Cancer Patients. [NCT00659269] | Phase 3 | 319 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-07-31 | Completed | ||
| An Exploratory, Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Folic Acid and L-methylfolate in Parkinson's Disease [NCT00853879] | 150 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-12-31 | Terminated | |||
| Uterine Fibroids Are a Very Common Finding in Women of Reproductive Age. Ready Safety Study Extracts of Plants Pregnenolone & Pyridoxal Phosphate for Treating Uterine Fibroids in Women of Reproductive Age and Women Pregnancy. [NCT04762316] | 66 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-01-01 | Completed | |||
| Impact of Weekly Administration of Rifapentine and Isoniazid on Steady State Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Alafenamide in Healthy Volunteers [NCT03510468] | Phase 1 | 51 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-06-12 | Completed | ||
| Buccal Misoprostol Prior to Abdominal Myomectomy for Reduction of Intraoperative Blood Loss: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT02209545] | Phase 4 | 47 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-10-31 | Terminated(stopped due to The study was prematurely closed due to low enrollment rates.) | ||
| Effects of Vitamin D, Epigallocatechin Gallate, Vitamin B6, and D-Chiro-inositol Combination on Uterine Fibroids: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05409872] | 108 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-09-15 | Recruiting | |||
| Evaluation of the Role of Pyridoxine Adjuvant Therapy on the Blood Glucose Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients [NCT05918068] | 108 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-11-01 | Completed | |||
| Phase 3 Study of a Compound Natural Health Product in Children With ADHD [NCT01022229] | Phase 3 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Assesment of Vitamin B6 Level in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder [NCT05649293] | 94 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2023-04-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| The Safety and Efficacy of a Compound Natural Health Product in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study [NCT00704990] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Vitamin B6 Supplementation and Mood States in College Women Taking Oral Contraceptives [NCT04070391] | 8 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-01-01 | Completed | |||
| Efficacy of the Association of Hyaluronic Acid With High Molecular Weight, α-lipoic Acid (ALA), Magnesium, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin D, in the Prevention of Spontaneous Abortion in Patients at Risk [NCT05449171] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-09-01 | Recruiting | |||
| A Double Blind Placebo Control Randomised Trial to Test the Effectiveness of Vitamin B6 in Hand Foot Syndrome [NCT02625415] | 54 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-07-31 | Completed | |||
| Protocol Comparing a Nutraceutical Formulation Consisting of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin D, and Vitamins B6 Plus B12 Versus No Treatment in the Prevention or Reduction of Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) in Patients Treated With Docetaxe [NCT02795572] | Phase 2 | 13 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-06-27 | Terminated(stopped due to Retirement of the Principal Investigator) | ||
| Interventional Testing of Gene-environment Interactions Via the Verifomics Mobile Application [NCT02758990] | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-03-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Recruiting and financial constraints) | |||
| Randomized Controlled Trial of Pyridoxine for Tardive Dyskinesia [NCT03287778] | 17 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-01 | Completed | |||
| Phase III Clinical Trial of Ultra-Short-Course Rifapentine/Isoniazid for the Prevention of Active Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Individuals With Latent Tuberculosis Infection [NCT01404312] | Phase 3 | 3,000 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-05-23 | Completed | ||
| Treatment of Nodding Syndrome - A Randomized Blinded Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial of Oral Pyridoxine and Conventional Anti-Epileptic Therapy, in Northern Uganda - 2012 [NCT01730313] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-02-29 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Did not get approval from the collaborating partners in-country) | ||
| A Phase III Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Trial to Determine the Effectiveness of a Urea/Lactic Acid-Based Topical Keratolytic Agent and Vitamin B-6 for Prevention of Capecitabine-Induced Hand and Foot Syndrome [NCT00296036] | Phase 3 | 137 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-06-30 | Completed | ||
| [NCT01964001] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 71 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-01-31 | Completed | ||
| The Treatment of Pulmonary Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in HIV Infection [NCT00001033] | Phase 3 | 650 participants | Interventional | Completed | |||
| Vitamin B6 Effects on One-Carbon Metabolism [NCT01128244] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 13 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Phase IIc Trial of Clofazimine- and Rifapentine-Containing Treatment Shortening Regimens in Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis: The CLO-FAST Study [NCT04311502] | Phase 2 | 104 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-06-16 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| The Early Bactericidal Activity of High-Dose or Standard-Dose Isoniazid Among Adult Participants With Isoniazid-Resistant or Drug-Sensitive Tuberculosis [NCT01936831] | Phase 2 | 282 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-08-13 | Completed | ||
| [NCT01426490] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 300 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2011-08-31 | Recruiting | ||
| [NCT00706888] | 64 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | Completed | ||||
| Oral Misoprostol Before Endometrial Biopsy [NCT00200226] | Phase 3 | 72 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Randomised Placebo-controlled Study Evaluating the Role of Pyridoxine in Controlling Capecitabine-induced Hand-foot Syndrome [NCT00559858] | Phase 3 | 270 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2004-12-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Air Pollution, Epigenetics and Cardiovascular Health: A Human Intervention Trial [NCT01864824] | Phase 1 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Prophylaxis Against Tuberculosis (TB) in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Confirmed Latent Tuberculous Infection [NCT00000636] | 2,000 participants | Interventional | Completed | ||||
| Neuroprotective Effect of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B6 Against Vincristine Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Multi Center Trial [NCT02923388] | Phase 4 | 88 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Protecting Households On Exposure to Newly Diagnosed Index Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients (PHOENIx MDR-TB) [NCT03568383] | Phase 3 | 5,610 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-06-03 | Recruiting | ||
| HOPE-2 Study (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-2 Study) [NCT00106886] | Phase 4 | 5,000 participants | Interventional | 1999-12-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Co-SAM: An Adaptive Multi-arm Trial to Improve Clinical Outcomes Among Children Recovering From Complicated Severe Acute Malnutrition [NCT05994742] | Phase 3 | 1,266 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-03-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Pyridoxine for Prevention of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome (HFS) [NCT00486213] | Phase 3 | 210 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-06-30 | Terminated(stopped due to Slow accrual) | ||
| A Double-Blind Randomized Trial of Pyridoxine Versus Placebo for the Prevention of Doxil-Related Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia (Hand-Foot Syndrome) [NCT00245050] | Phase 3 | 34 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Pharmacokinetics of Antituberculosis Agents in HIV-Infected Persons With Tuberculosis [NCT00000950] | 50 participants | Interventional | Completed | ||||
| B-Vitamin Atherosclerosis Intervention Trial (BVAIT) [NCT00114400] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 506 participants | Interventional | 2000-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Prophylaxis Against Tuberculosis (TB) in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Suspected Latent Tuberculous Infection [NCT00000959] | 600 participants | Interventional | Completed | ||||
| High Dose Supplements to Reduce Homocysteine and Slow the Rate of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease (Vitamins to Slow Alzheimer's - VITAL) [NCT00056225] | Phase 3 | 340 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Short Course Low Dose Oral Colchicine After ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction(STEMI) [NCT06020300] | Phase 4 | 64 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-07-28 | Recruiting | ||
| Randomized Trial of Homocysteine-lowering With B Vitamins for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease After Acute Myocardial Infarction. The Norwegian Vitamin Trial (NORVIT) [NCT00266487] | 3,750 participants | Interventional | 1998-12-31 | Completed | |||
| Implementation for Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Among Latent Tuberculosis Infection in HIV-infected Individuals Using Novel Regimen of Isoniazid/Rifapentine Daily (4 Weeks) Compared to Isoniazid/Rifapentine Weekly (12 Weeks) [NCT03785106] | Phase 3 | 2,500 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-08-15 | Recruiting | ||
| Cervical Ripening Before Endometrial Biopsy in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) Using Sublingual Misoprostol 200 Mcg: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT01762319] | 52 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2012-11-30 | Recruiting | |||
| A Phase I/II Trial of the Pharmacokinetics, Tolerability, and Safety of Once-Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid in HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-uninfected Pregnant and Postpartum Women With Latent Tuberculosis Infection [NCT02651259] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-03-13 | Completed | ||
| Combined Effect of Tryptophan Rich Diet and Acupuncture on Depression Related to Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder [NCT05813366] | 39 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-04-25 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| The Neurobehavioral and Biochemical Effects of High Dose of Vitamin B6 With Magnesium in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study [NCT04509401] | 66 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-01-11 | Completed | |||
| A Pilot Study of Methodology to Rapidly Evaluate Drugs for Bactericidal Activity, Tolerance, and Pharmacokinetics in the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Isoniazid and Levofloxacin [NCT00000778] | Phase 1 | 44 participants | Interventional | Completed | |||
| A Prospective Study of Multidrug Resistance and a Pilot Study of the Safety of and Clinical and Microbiologic Response to Levofloxacin in Combination With Other Antimycobacterial Drugs for Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis (MDRTB) in [NCT00000796] | 525 participants | Interventional | Completed | ||||
| A Single-Center, Open-Label Study to Assess the Effects of the Addition of Modulators of Homocysteine to Adalimumab Therapy in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis Evaluated With the PASI, PGA and DLQI [NCT01704599] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 8 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-01-31 | Terminated(stopped due to side effect and poor clinical outcome) | ||
| A Randomised Double Blind Study of the Effects of Homocysteine Lowering Therapy on Mortality and Cardiac Events in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography [NCT00354081] | Phase 3 | 3,096 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 1999-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Prophylaxis Against Tuberculosis (TB) in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Confirmed Latent Tuberculous Infection [NCT00000638] | 2,000 participants | Interventional | Completed | ||||
| Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study (WAFACS) [NCT00000541] | Phase 2 | 0 participants | Interventional | 1993-05-31 | Completed | ||
| The Use of Vitamin D in Combination With Epigallocatechin Gallate, D-chiro-inositol and Vitamin B6 in the Treatment of Women With Uterine Fibroid [NCT05448365] | Phase 3 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-07-01 | Recruiting | ||
| A Double-Blind, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of The Efficacy Of Diclectin® For Nausea And Vomiting Of Pregnancy [NCT00614445] | Phase 3 | 280 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Lactation Inhibition, the Efficiency of Vitamin B6 Versus Cabergoline- Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05024422] | 89 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-12-31 | Completed | |||
| Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Neuroprotective Effect of Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 Against Vincristine Induced Neurotoxicity in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Patients [NCT03593304] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-03-29 | Completed | ||
| The Effects of Vitamin B-6 and Glutathione on Inflammatory Responses, Homocysteine Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Capacities in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis or Hepatocellular Carcinoma [NCT02321579] | 25 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-12-31 | Recruiting | |||
| A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Magnesium Vitamin B6 in Combination With Treatment as Usual in First Episode of Bipolar I Disorder [NCT05837104] | Phase 2 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-12-13 | Recruiting | ||
| Drug-Drug Interactions Between Rifapentine and Dolutegravir in HIV/LTBI Co-Infected Individuals [NCT04272242] | Phase 2 | 72 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-08-01 | Suspended(stopped due to Following completion of Arm 1, A5372 is currently Temporarily Closed. Timeline for opening of Arm 2 is not available.) | ||
| A Randomized, Phase 2b Study of a Double-Dose Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretroviral Regimen With Rifampin-Based Tuberculosis Treatment Versus a Standard-Dose Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretroviral Regimen With Rifabutin-Based Tuberculosis Treatment W [NCT01601626] | Phase 2 | 71 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-07-13 | Terminated(stopped due to The study was stopped early due to feasibility concerns.) | ||
| A Pilot Study of the Effects of Vitamin B6 on Hot Flash Symptoms in Prostate Cancer Patients [NCT03580499] | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-09-13 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Patients were monitored weekly with phone calls from the research nurse and monthly at clinic visits for overall (including pyridoxine) and specific doxorubicin HCl liposome related toxicities using the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 3.0. (NCT00245050)
Timeframe: Treatment repeats every 4 weeks for up to 6 courses in the absence of unacceptable toxicity.
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade 1 HFS | Grade 2 HFS | Grade 3 HFS | |
| Placebo | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Pyridoxine | 2 | 3 | 3 |
QOL was measured with the FACT-G questionnaire following the third course of doxorubicin HCl liposome before the patient was seen by the treating physician and before chemotherapy was administered. The FACT-G, version 4, is a 27-item core questionnaire evaluating the domains of physical, functional, family-social, and emotional well-being (PWB, FWB, SWB, EWB). Total score ranges from 0-108 and higher scores indicate better QOL. (NCT00245050)
Timeframe: After Cycle 3 of chemotherapy (on average at 3 months)
| Intervention | Total scores on FACT-G scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pyridoxine | 84.9 |
| Placebo | 84.4 |
A patient self-reported hand-foot syndrome (HFSD), also known as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, was completed daily while applying the cream. Patients rated skin severity symptoms individually in their hands and in their feet. Definitions of symptoms, which were based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0, were provided to patients. The number of patients reporting moderate to severe symptoms in either hands or feet were tabulated and percentages are reported. (NCT00296036)
Timeframe: First 3 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Urea/Lactic Acid Cream | 13.6 |
| Placebo Cream | 10.2 |
Frequency and severity of adverse events reported by patients in weekly diary and evaluated through clinical assessment by NCI CTCAE v3.0. The number of patients reporting grade 3 or higher events are reported in this outcome measure. For a full list of all events, please refer to the Adverse Events section of this report. (NCT00296036)
Timeframe: Up to 4, 21-day cycles
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Grade 3+ Adverse Event | Grade 4+ Adverse Event | |
| Placebo Cream | 18 | 3 |
| Urea/Lactic Acid Cream | 21 | 3 |
The objective of this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oral Diclectin® in the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) as measured by the Pregnancy Unique-Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) overall score of symptoms from baseline (Day 1) to end of study visit (Day 15). The PUQE score measured hours of nausea, number of times vomiting, and number of times retching for a TOTAL overall score of symptoms on a scale rated from 3 (no symptoms) to 15 (most severe). (NCT00614445)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) to End of Study Visit Day 15 (± 1 day)
| Intervention | PUQE Score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Diclectin® | -4.8 |
| Placebo | -3.9 |
Neurotoxicity is evaluated using The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Taxane (FACT-Tax) questionnaire. FACT-Tax is a validated, self-reported instrument. The questionnaire consists of 11 questions and possible scores for each question range from 0 (no neurotoxicity symptoms) to 4 (worst possible neurotoxicity symptoms). The total score for any patient can therefore range from 0 to 44. The questionnaire is given to patients to fill out at baseline, cycle 2, and cycle 4 of their chemotherapy treatment. Change in neurotoxicity scores from baseline to the completion of 4 cycles are reported as the mean total score for all patients. (NCT00659269)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Taxane Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm | 7.0 |
| Taxane Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 | 7.2 |
| Heavy Metals Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm | 3.9 |
| Heavy Metals Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm | 4.7 |
| Vinca Alkaloids Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm | 11.8 |
| Vinca Alkaloids Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm | 7 |
Neurotoxicity is evaluated using The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Taxane (FACT-Tax) questionnaire. FACT-Tax is a validated, self-reported instrument. The questionnaire consists of 11 questions and possible scores for each question range from 0 (no neurotoxicity symptoms) to 4 (worst possible neurotoxicity symptoms). The total score for any patient can therefore range from 0 to 44. The questionnaire is given to patients to fill out at baseline (prior to chemotherapy treatment) and the mean total score for all patients is reported. (NCT00659269)
Timeframe: At study start; prior to treatment (week 0)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Taxane Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm | 8.5 |
| Taxane Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 | 7.3 |
| Heavy Metals Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm | 5.23 |
| Heavy Metals Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm | 4.58 |
| Vinca Alkaloids Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm | 6.80 |
| Vinca Alkaloids Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm | 2.08 |
Neurotoxicity is evaluated using The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Taxane (FACT-Tax) questionnaire. FACT-Tax is a validated, self-reported instrument. The questionnaire consists of 11 questions and possible scores for each question range from 0 (no neurotoxicity symptoms) to 4 (worst possible neurotoxicity symptoms). The total score for any patient can therefore range from 0 to 44. The questionnaire is given to patients to complete at completion of cycle 2 of chemotherapy treatment and the mean total score for all patients is reported. (NCT00659269)
Timeframe: 2 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Taxane Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm | 13.0 |
| Taxane Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 | 12.0 |
| Heavy Metals Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm | 9.7 |
| Heavy Metals Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm | 8.4 |
| Vinca Alkaloids Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm | 14.56 |
| Vinca Alkaloids Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm | 5.6 |
Neurotoxicity is evaluated using The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Taxane (FACT-Tax) questionnaire. FACT-Tax is a validated, self-reported instrument. The questionnaire consists of 16 questions and possible scores for each question range from 0 (no neurotoxicity symptoms) to 4 (worst possible neurotoxicity symptoms). The total score for any patient can therefore range from 0 to 44. The questionnaire is given to patients to fill out at completion of cycle 4 of their chemotherapy treatment and the mean total score for all patients is reported. (NCT00659269)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Taxane Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm | 14.5 |
| Multivitamin + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 | 14.5 |
| Heavy Metals Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm | 8.71 |
| Heavy Metals Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm | 7.05 |
| Vinca Alkaloids Group: Multivitamin (MV) Arm | 17.5 |
| Vinca Alkaloids Group: MV + Vitamin B12 + Vitamin B6 Arm | 9.22 |
For all subjects, the concentration of plasma cystathionine in fasting blood samples taken before and after the supplementation period will provide a functional measure of vitamin B6 nutritional status. (NCT01128244)
Timeframe: Fasting blood samples will be taken at baseline and after 28 days of vitamin B6 supplementation.
| Intervention | micromol/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline prior to vitamin supplementation | After 28-days of vitamin supplementation | |
| Plasma Cystathionine Concentration | 0.14 | 0.13 |
For all subjects, the concentration of plasma pyridoxal phosphate in fasting blood samples taken before and after the supplementation period will provide a direct measure of vitamin B6 nutritional status. (NCT01128244)
Timeframe: Fasting blood samples will be taken at baseline and after 28 days of vitamin B6 supplementation.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline prior to vitamin supplementation | After 28-days of vitamin supplementation | |
| Plasma Pyridoxal Phosphate Concentration | 25.8 | 143 |
Data from analysis of serine, methionine and leucine in the timed blood samples of all subjects will provide a measurement of the metabolic rate of homocysteine remethylation from serine-derived carbon before and after vitamin B6 supplementation. These flux values may be slightly higher than flux of total homocysteine remethylation in Outcome Measure 1 because of the small contribution of methionine salvage to the flux measured in Outcome Measure 2. (NCT01128244)
Timeframe: Blood samples will be taken prior to infusion and at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.5, and 9h. Infusions will be conducted at baseline and after 28 days
| Intervention | micromol/(kg x hr) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline prior to vitamin supplementation | After 28-days of vitamin supplementation | |
| Homocysteine Remethylation Flux From Serine | 6.60 | 6.92 |
For all subjects, analysis of blood samples before and after vitamin B6 supplementation will allow evaluation of discriminating biomarkers using targeted metabolite profile analysis of one-carbon metabolism and tryptophan catabolism constituents. Also, we will conduct exploratory evaluation and potential identification of new biomarkers using metabolomics analysis on subjects before and after vitamin B6 supplementation. (NCT01128244)
Timeframe: April, 2010 - June, 2014
| Intervention | microl/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline prior to vitamin supplementation | After 28-days of vitamin supplementation | |
| Secondary Analysis: Plasma 3-hydroxykynurenine Concentration | 25.9 | 27.3 |
Data from analysis of serine, methionine and leucine in the timed blood samples of all subjects will provide a measurement of the metabolic rate of total remethylation of homocysteine before and after vitamin B6 supplementation. (NCT01128244)
Timeframe: Blood samples will be taken prior to infusion and at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.5, and 9h. Infusions will be conducted at baseline and after 28 days
| Intervention | micromol/(kg x hr) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline prior to vitamin supplementation | After 28-days of vitamin supplementation | |
| Total Homocysteine Remethylation Flux | 6.07 | 5.63 |
Among MTB-diagnosed participants who underwent drug-susceptibility testing, the number who had any resistance to a particular drug. (NCT01404312)
Timeframe: After TB diagnosis
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rifampin72268104 | Rifampin72268105 | Isoniazid72268104 | Isoniazid72268105 | Ethambutol72268104 | Ethambutol72268105 | Pyrazinamide72268104 | Pyrazinamide72268105 | |||||||||
| Developed Resistance | Did not Develop Resistance | |||||||||||||||
| RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A) | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| INH Regimen (Arm B) | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A) | 14 | |||||||||||||||
| INH Regimen (Arm B) | 11 | |||||||||||||||
| RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A) | 2 | |||||||||||||||
| RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A) | 12 | |||||||||||||||
| RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A) | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A) | 7 | |||||||||||||||
| INH Regimen (Arm B) | 7 | |||||||||||||||
| INH Regimen (Arm B) | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A) | 6 | |||||||||||||||
| INH Regimen (Arm B) | 6 | |||||||||||||||
Incidence rate (events per 100 person-years) was estimated, and 95.1% confidence interval used to account for interim analysis of primary efficacy outcome. (NCT01404312)
Timeframe: From entry to occurrence of event, up to end of follow-up 3 years after last participant enrolled (median follow-up time: 3.3 years)
| Intervention | Events per 100 person-years (Number) |
|---|---|
| RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A) | 0.6506 |
| INH Regimen (Arm B) | 0.6736 |
Cumulative incidence function estimated nonparametrically, treating TB-related deaths as competing risks. (NCT01404312)
Timeframe: From entry to occurrence of event, up to end of follow-up 3 years after last participant enrolled (median follow-up time: 3.3 years)
| Intervention | events per 100 participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cumulative incidence by 1 year post-randomization | Cumulative incidence by 2 years post-randomization | Cumulative incidence by 3 years post-randomization | Cumulative incidence by 4 years post-randomization | |
| INH Regimen (Arm B) | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 |
| RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.6 |
Data table estimates for percentage who died by each time point were estimated using Kaplan-Meier at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years post-entry. (NCT01404312)
Timeframe: From entry to occurrence of event, up to end of follow-up 3 years after last participant enrolled (median follow-up time: 3.3 years)
| Intervention | events per 100 participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year post-entry | 2 years post-entry | 3 years post-entry | 4 years post-entry | |
| INH Regimen (Arm B) | 0.63 | 1.15 | 1.62 | 2.29 |
| RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A) | 0.35 | 0.49 | 1.05 | 2.00 |
"Mean and standard deviation.~Week 16 samples have not yet been analyzed because the metabolite assay is being validated, and requires submission for approval by the Clinical Pharmacology Quality Assurance Program. Analysis of week 16 samples are anticipated to be available in September 2019." (NCT01404312)
Timeframe: Measured at Weeks 0, 2, 4, and 16
| Intervention | nanograms per mL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 2 | Week 4 | |
| RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A) | 3787 | 3870 | 4082 |
Mean and standard deviation (NCT01404312)
Timeframe: Measured at Weeks 0, 2, and 4
| Intervention | nanograms per mL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week0 | Week 2 | Week 4 | |
| RPT Plus INH Regimen (Arm A) | 7573 | 6234 | 5797 |
Virologic failure was defined as the occurrence of two consecutive plasma HIV-1 RNA levels ≥1000 copies/mL at or after 16 weeks and within 24 weeks of treatment initiation or ≥400 copies/mL at or after 24 weeks of treatment, regardless of whether randomized ART was being taken at the time of virologic failure. The percent of participants with HIV virologic failure at week 72 was calculated using a Kaplan-Meier estimator with an associated standard error. The confidence interval was calculated using a log-log transformation. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: At weeks 16, 24, 48, and 72
| Intervention | cumulative events per 100 participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 29.2 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 50.0 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 30.4 |
Describe LPV plasma PK characteristics (area under the curve [AUC] between 0 and 12 hours) in participants enrolled in Arms A, B, and C, determined by non-compartmental analysis of 12-hour PK sampling. The pre-dose concentration was determined using a sample drawn 12 hours after the previous LPV dose and was used as the 12-hour LPV concentration. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: At 2 weeks: pre-dose and at 2, 4, 5, and 6 hours post-dose
| Intervention | hours*ng/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 159796 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 161772 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 149247 |
The number of participants reporting a grade 3 (severe) or grade 4 (life-threatening) laboratory abnormality were summarized. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: After randomization and through week 72
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 6 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 3 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 5 |
The number of participants reporting a grade 3 (severe) or grade 4 (life-threatening) sign or symptom were summarized. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: After randomization and through week 72
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 7 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 5 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 5 |
The number of participants who experienced MTB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) was summarized. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: After randomization and through week 72
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 1 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 2 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 3 |
The percent of participants who died was calculated with an associated standard error. Confidence intervals were calculated using Wilson's score method. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: After randomization and through week 72
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 4.2 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 4.7 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 4.3 |
New post-randomization diagnoses were considered AIDS-defining based on the CDC classification system. The percent of participants who experienced a new AIDS-defining illness was calculated with an associated standard error. The confidence interval was calculated using Wilson's score method. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: After randomization and through week 72
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 0.0 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 4.2 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 0.0 |
Virologic failure was defined as the occurrence of two consecutive plasma HIV-1 RNA levels ≥1000 copies/mL at or after 16 weeks and within 24 weeks of treatment initiation or ≥400 copies/mL at or after 24 weeks of treatment, regardless of whether randomized ART was being taken at the time of virologic failure. Participants who were missing data due to being lost-to-follow-up or dead were coded as virologic failures. The percent of participants who experienced HIV virologic failure was calculated with an associated standard error. The confidence interval was calculated using Wilson's score method. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: At weeks 16, 24, 48, and 72
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 29.2 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 50.0 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 30.4 |
Sputum conversion was defined as culture MTB-negative at week 8 or AFB smear negative at week 8 (and culture contaminated or missing at week 8); there were no Xpert MTB/RIF results at week 8. The percent of participants experienced sputum conversion at week 8 was calculated with an associated standard error. The confidence interval was calculated using Wilson's score method. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 87.5 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 81.8 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 70.0 |
Describe RBT plasma PK characteristics (Cmax and Cmin) in participants enrolled in Arms A and C, determined by non-compartmental analysis of 24-hour PK sampling. The pre-dose concentration was determined using a sample drawn 24 hours after the previous RBT dose. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: At 2 weeks: pre-dose and at 2, 4, 5, 6, and 24 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum Concentration (Cmax) | Minimum Concentration (Cmin) | |
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 461 | 161 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 349 | 115 |
TB relapse/recurrence was defined as having had 2 consecutive MTB-negative cultures and subsequently had clinical or radiographic deterioration consistent with active TB at or after week 24 and before week 72. The percent of participants who experienced TB relapse/recurrence was calculated with an associated standard error. The confidence interval was calculated using Wilson's score method. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: At or after 24 weeks and through week 72
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 0.0 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 4.2 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 4.3 |
TB treatment failure was defined as having a MTB-positive culture after 16 weeks of TB treatment for a participant who was documented to be taking TB medications. The percent of participants who experienced TB treatment failure was calculated with an associated standard error. The confidence interval was calculated using Wilson's score method. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: After 16 weeks and through week 72
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 0.0 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 0.0 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 0.0 |
The percent of participants who interrupted or discontinued at least one HIV drug due to toxicity was calculated with an associated standard error. The confidence interval was calculated using Wilson's score method. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: After randomization and through week 72
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 20.8 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 16.7 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 21.7 |
The percent of participants who interrupted or discontinued at least one TB drug due to toxicity was calculated with an associated standard error. The confidence interval was calculated using Wilson's score method. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: After randomization and through to the discontinuation of the last TB drug
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 20.8 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 8.3 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 13.0 |
The percent of participants whose HIV viral load was less than 400 copies/mL at week 48 was calculated with an associated standard error. The confidence interval was calculated using Wilson's score method. Participants who were lost-to-follow-up or dead by week 48 or had missing results at week 48 were coded as having HIV viral load greater than 400 copies/mL. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: 48 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 58.3 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 66.7 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 60.9 |
The percent of participants whose HIV viral load was less than 50 copies/mL at week 48 was calculated with an associated standard error. Participants who were lost-to-follow-up or dead by week 48 or had missing RNA at week 48 were coded as having HIV viral load greater than 50 copies/mL. The confidence interval was calculated using Wilson's score method. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: 48 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 45.8 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 54.2 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 56.5 |
Describe RAL plasma PK characteristics (area under the curve [AUC] between 0 and 24 hours) in participants enrolled in Arm C, determined by non-compartmental analysis of 24-hour PK sampling. The pre-dose concentration was determined using a sample drawn 12 hours after the previous RAL dose and was used as the 12-hour RAL concentration. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: At 2 weeks: pre-dose and at 2, 4, 5, 6, and 24 hours post-dose
| Intervention | hours*ng/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 11338 |
Describe RBT plasma PK characteristics (area under the curve [AUC] between 0 and 24 hours) in participants enrolled in Arms A and C, determined by non-compartmental analysis of 24-hour PK sampling. The pre-dose concentration was determined using a sample drawn 24 hours after the previous RBT dose. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: At 2 weeks: pre-dose and at 2, 4, 5, 6, and 24 hours post-dose
| Intervention | hours*ng/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 7374 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 5516 |
Describe LPV plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics (maximum concentration [Cmax] and minimum concentration [Cmin]) in participants enrolled in Arms A, B, and C, determined by non-compartmental analysis of 12-hour PK sampling. The pre-dose concentration was determined using a sample drawn 12 hours after the previous LPV dose and was used as the 12-hour LPV concentration. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: At 2 weeks: pre-dose and at 2, 4, 5, and 6 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum Concentration (Cmax) | Minimum Concentration (Cmin) | |
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 18531 | 9920 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 18138 | 8033 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 16802 | 8548 |
Describe RAL plasma PK characteristics (Cmax and Cmin) in participants enrolled in Arm C, determined by non-compartmental analysis of 24-hour PK sampling. The pre-dose concentration was determined using a sample drawn 12 hours after the previous RAL dose and was used as the 12-hour RAL concentration. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: At 2 weeks: pre-dose and at 2, 4, 5, 6, and 24 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum Concentration (Cmax) | Minimum Concentration (Cmin) | |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 2830 | 166 |
TB relapse/recurrence was defined as having had 2 consecutive MTB-negative cultures and subsequently had clinical or radiographic deterioration consistent with active TB at or after week 24 and before week 72. The drug resistance was determined based on phenotypic methods. The percent of participants who experienced TB relapse/recurrence and who had TB drug resistance was calculated with an associated standard error. The confidence interval was calculated using Wilson's score method. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: At or after 24 weeks and through week 72
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 0 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 0 |
New post-randomization diagnoses were considered AIDS-defining based on the CDC classification system. The percent of participants who experienced a new AIDS-defining illness or died was calculated with an associated standard error. Confidence intervals were calculated using Wilson's score method. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: After randomization and through week 72
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 4.2 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 8.3 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 4.3 |
The difference in CD4 count from baseline to week 24 was calculated as the CD4 count at week 24 minus the CD4 count at baseline. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | cells/mm^3 (Median) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 20 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 56 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 13 |
The difference in CD4 count from baseline to week 48 was calculated as the CD4 count at week 48 minus the CD4 count at baseline. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: Baseline and 48 weeks
| Intervention | cells/mm^3 (Median) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 99 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 119 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 74 |
The difference in CD4 count from baseline to week 72 was calculated as the CD4 count at week 72 minus the CD4 count at baseline. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: Baseline and 72 weeks
| Intervention | cells/mm^3 (Median) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 126 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 212 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 54 |
The difference in CD4 count from baseline to week 8 was calculated as the CD4 count at week 8 minus the CD4 count at baseline. As stated in the Detailed Study Description of the Protocol Section, formal statistical comparisons were not undertaken because of limited sample size. (NCT01601626)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks
| Intervention | cells/mm^3 (Median) |
|---|---|
| A: Standard-dose LPV/r w/RBT | 7 |
| B: Double-dose LPV/r w/RIF | 26 |
| C: Standard-Dose LPV/r + RAL w/RBT | 37 |
Adult participants 18 years or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were to have serum B12 levels measures Weeks 0 (on no systemic psoriasis medication), 16 (on adalimumab) and week 28 (on adalimumab plus daily 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: At Week 16 and Week 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Increased | Unchanged | Worsened | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Adult particpants ages 18 or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were to have serum VEGF measured at week 0 on no systemic psoriasis medication then at both weeks 16 on adalimumab and at week 28 on adalimumab plus folic acid, B6 and Vitamin B12. Subjects raniked by BMI week 0 low to high (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: At Screening visit, Week 16 on Humira, after another 12 weeks on Humira plus vitamins and if early termination
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Increased | Unchanged | Decreased | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 4 | 0 | 1 |
Serum folic acid level in adults ages 18 and older with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis measured at week 16 after 16 weeks adalimumab and at week 28 after 16 weeks adalimumab plus 12 weeks of adalimumab and daily 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Weeks 16 and 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increased | Unchanged | Decreased | Not evaluable (if >20 ng/ml only stated as such) | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Number of participants with a category change in Physician static Global Assessment (sPGA): 7 point score from 0 (clear) to 6 measuring amount of surface covered and plaque qualities: thickness & erythema plus scaling. Dynamic score compares baseline with either improvement/ worsening of the same factors measured in the sPGA using the 0-6 scoring range but focused on change. sPGA at weeks 16 AND 28. dynamic PGA to be categoically measured at.weeks16 and 28. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Improved | Unchanged | Worsened | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 3 | 1 | 3 |
Height is the distance from the bottom (soles of feet ) to the top (top of head) of a person when that person is standing in this study using ruler in inches.Participants measured were adults age 18 or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 0 at Start of Adalimumab
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Measured | Not measured | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 8 | 0 |
An electrocardiogram (EKG) is used to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart by converting this activity into line tracings on paper.. Electrodes (small, plastic patches) are placed at certain locations on the chest, arms, and legs. When the electrodes are connected to an EKG machine by lead wires, the electrical activity of the heart is measured, interpreted, and printed out for the doctor's information and further interpretation. This test was to be administered to adults age 18 or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis patients at week 0, 16 and week 28 of this study. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and then Week 28 after another 12 weeks on Humira plus vitamins and if early termination
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Normalizing | Unchanged | Newly abnormal | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 1 | 4 | 1 |
A serious adverse event is hosptalization or death or pathology leading to early termination of a participant from the study. This was to be reported at anytime during the 28 week study of adult patients ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis though categorized by Week 16 (on adalimumab alone, by Week 28 (on adalimuamb plus 3 B vitaminsand by day 70 post Week 28. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: By Week 16, by Week 28 and by Day 70 post Week 28.
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No SAE | SAE by Week 16 | SAE by Week 28 | SAE by Day 70 afterWeek 28 | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
"Worsening psoriasis or development or worsening of measured condition or new pathology not seen by week 16 but developed at weeks 28 or first discoved by telephone call day 70 post study:~AE Humira only" (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: After Week 16 of study
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No Adverse Event after Week 16 | Adverse Event Weeks 16-28 | Adverse event by Day 70 call after Week 28 | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 2 | 4 | 1 |
Change in CBC parameter: white blood count or hemoglobin or hematocrit ( as measured week 16 on adalimumab and at week 28 after 12 more weeks on adalimuamb , folic acid, B6 and B12) in adults ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WBC increased | WBC unchanged | WBC decreased | Hemoglobin/Hematocrit increased | Hemoglobin/Hematocrit unchanged | Hemoglobin/Hematocrit decreased | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
Serum homocysteine measured at week 16 after 16 weeks of adalimumab and week 28 after 16 weeks of adalimumaband then 12 weeks of adalimumab plus 5 mg folic acid, 100mg B6 and 1000 mcg of B12 in adults ages 18-65 with moderate to sever plaque psoriasis.. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Increased | Unchanged | Decreased | |
| Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Change in EKG ( normalize, unchanged, became abnormal) when homocysteine (Hcy) increased or decreased from week 16 on adalimumab to week 28 on adalimumab plus folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12 in adault psoriasis patients ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 to Week 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| normalize when Hcy increased | unchanged when Hcy decreased | became abnormal when Hcy decreased | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Serum magnesium (Mg) was to be measured at baseline, Week 16 (on adalimumab) and at week 28 (on adalimumab plus folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12) in adult participants age 18 or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Weeks 16 and 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Increased | Unchanged | Decreased | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 1 | 2 | 2 |
DLQI is 10 questions examining impact of skin disease on quality of life: (1) symptoms & feelings (2) daily activities (3) leisure (4) work & school (5) personal relationship (6) treatment. To be administered to adults over 18 years with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis at week 0 (no systemic psoriasis medication);. weeks 16 ( after 16 weeks of adalimumab) and week 28 (after 16 weeks adalimumab then 12 weeks of adalimumab plus daily 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg B12). (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Improved | Unchanged | Worsened | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Serum phosphorus (P) levels were to be measured weeks16 and 28 in adult participants age 18 and older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis at week 0 on no systemic psoriasis medication; week 16 after 16 weeks of adalimumab and at week 28 after 16 weeks of adalimumab plus 12 weeks of adalimumab plus 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg of B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 then Week 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Increased | Unchanged | Decreased | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 3 | 0 | 2 |
Serum vitamin B6 levels were to be measured weeks16 after 16 weeks adalimumab and at week 28 after 16 weeks adalimumab and 12 weeks on adalimuamb, folic acid 5 mg, b6 100 mg and B12 1000 mcg in adult participants with moderate to sever plque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: At Week 16 and Week 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Increased | Unchanged | Decreased | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 4 | 0 | 0 |
Women of childbearing years over age 18 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis on no systemic therapy at week 0 of study. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: At screening
| Intervention | participant (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Negative | Positive | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 1 | 0 |
Baseline VEGF level at week zero related to PASI change Week 16 on adalimumab compared to Week 28 after additonal 12 weeks of adalimumab plus folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 in adult psoriasis patients ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.High levels were greater than or equal to 140 pg/ml. Normal VEGF was below this level. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PASI improved with high VEGF | PASI Worsened with high VEGF | PASI Unchanged with normal VEGF | PASI Improved with normal VEGF | PASI Worsened with normal VEGF | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
Change in PASI from Week 16 on adalimumab to Week 28 on adalimumab, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 in adults ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI >27.3 who improved | BMI >27.3 who worsened | BMI of 27.3 who were unchanged | BMI<27.3 who improved | BMI<27.3 who worsened | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Using a thermometer for body temperature on degrees Fahrenheit. Participants to be measured were adults 18 years or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis with temperature to be measured at week 16 16 weeks of adalimumab and week 28 after 16 weeks of adalimumab then 12 weeks of adalimumab plus 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg of B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Weeks 16 and 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| increased | unchanged | decreased | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 2 | 2 | 1 |
Change in PASI from Week 16 after 16 weeks of adalimumab to Week 28 after another 12 weeks of adalimumab plus folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12 and Change reported by telephone 70 days after week 28 (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 to Week 28 and Week 28 to post study day 70
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| high titer worsened | high titer improved then worsened day 70 | normal titer improved | normal titer unchanged then improved day 70 | normal titer worsened | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Adult participants age 18 years or older with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis with serum IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori bacteria using commercial ELISA assay during the 28 week study. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 28 after 16 weeks of Adalimumab then 12 of Adalimumab-Vitamins
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Elevated | Normal | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 2 | 6 |
PASI: formula based on body surface areas on head/neck, trunk, both arms & legs with disease quality grading induration, scale and erythema on participants ages 18-65 with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis measured at weeks 16 and 28. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Weeks 16 and 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Improved | Unchanged | Worsened | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 4 | 1 | 2 |
Weight is how heavy a participant is. Weight in pounds of each study adult participant age 18-65 years with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis measured at weeks 16 and compared to week 28 of study. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Increased | Unchanged | Decreased | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 2 | 0 | 5 |
Blood pressure is the force the heart exerts against the walls of arteries as it pumps the blood out to the body. The unit of measurement is millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Pulse is the number of times your heart beats per minute. The unit of measurement is beats per minute (BPM). These test measurements compared in adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis week 16 after 16 weeks adalimumab and week 28 after 16 weeks adalimumab plus 5 mg folic acid, 100 mg vitamin B6 and 1000 mcg vitamin B12. (NCT01704599)
Timeframe: Week 16 and Week 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic BP increased | Systolic BP unchanged | Systolic BP decreased | Diastolic BP increased | Diastolic BP unchanged | Diastolic BP decreased | Pulse increased | Pulse unchanged | Pulse decreased | |
| Humira Then Humira Plus 3 B Vitamins | 4 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 |
Negative daily change in log10 CFU indicate decreases in bacterial burden over the 7 day period. Defined as EBA0-7(CFU) = [Day 7 log10 CFU per mL - baseline log10 CFU per mL]/7. The baseline measure is the mean of the pre-entry visit and entry visit sputum colony counts. (NCT01936831)
Timeframe: Measured at baseline and Day 7
| Intervention | log10 CFU per mL sputum per day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: 5mg Cohort | -0.06 |
| Group 1: 10mg Cohort | -0.18 |
| Group 1: 15mg Cohort | -0.21 |
| Group 2: 5mg Cohort | -0.15 |
"The time to positivity (TTP) measures growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis using MGIT assay in hours. Higher values of daily change in TTP indicate greater decrease in bacterial burden over the 7 day period and is therefore better.~Daily change is defined as EBA0-7(TTP) = [Day 7 TTP - Baseline TTP]/7. Baseline is the mean of the pre-entry visit and entry visit TTPs." (NCT01936831)
Timeframe: Measured at baseline and Day 7
| Intervention | hours per day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: 5mg Cohort | 3 |
| Group 1: 10mg Cohort | 8 |
| Group 1: 15mg Cohort | 10 |
| Group 2: 5mg Cohort | 10 |
| Group 3: 15mg Cohort | 2.0 |
| Group 3: 20mg Cohort | 4.6 |
Cmax defines maximum concentration observed over the 24 hours of the INH dosing interval. (NCT01936831)
Timeframe: Intensive INH PK samples collected on Day 6 of INH initiation at sample times pre-dose, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h and 24h post-dose.
| Intervention | ug/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: 5mg Cohort | 5.26 |
| Group 1: 10mg Cohort | 10.4 |
| Group 1: 15mg Cohort | 15.1 |
| Group 2: 5mg Cohort | 4.55 |
| Group 3: 15mg Cohort | 15 |
| Group 3: 20mg Cohort | 22.15 |
Cmin defines minimum concentration observed over the 24 hours of the INH dosing interval. (NCT01936831)
Timeframe: Intensive INH PK samples collected on Day 6 of INH initiation at sample times pre-dose, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h and 24h post-dose.
| Intervention | ug/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: 5mg Cohort | 0.053 |
| Group 1: 10mg Cohort | 0.053 |
| Group 1: 15mg Cohort | 0.053 |
| Group 2: 5mg Cohort | 0.053 |
| Group 3: 15mg Cohort | 0.053 |
| Group 3: 20mg Cohort | 0.053 |
Post-entry, all new diagnoses, signs/symptoms and laboratory events of ≥Grade 2 that were assessed by the site as drug related. The DAIDS AE Grading Table (V1.0) and EAE Manual (V2.0) were used. (NCT01936831)
Timeframe: Measured from entry through Day 21
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: 5mg Cohort | 0 |
| Group 1: 10mg Cohort | 4 |
| Group 1: 15mg Cohort | 0 |
| Group 2: 5mg Cohort | 1 |
| Group 3: 15mg Cohort | 1 |
| Group 3: 20mg Cohort | 0 |
Proportions of participants obtained through simulation using the estimated model who have a drop in log10 CFU/mL at or above the threshold of 0.65 log10 CFU/mL; 0.65 is half the drop in log10 CFU/mL observed in participants with DS-TB (Group 2) on day 7. A total of 10000 simulated pseudo-participants per arm were used based on data from the study participants. The NAT2 genotype distribution was based only on Group 1 and 2 participants since NAT2 genotype data was not available for Group 3. The simulations were run repeatedly. The point estimate of the proportion was based on the median proportion of the pseudo-individuals across the repeated simulations and the 90% confidence interval used the 5th and 95th percentiles of the proportion across the repeated simulations. (NCT01936831)
Timeframe: From baseline through day 7
| Intervention | proportion of simulated participants (Median) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: 5mg Cohort | 0.17 |
| Group 1: 10mg Cohort | 0.50 |
| Group 1: 15mg Cohort | 0.64 |
| Group 2: 5mg Cohort | 0.88 |
| Group 3: 15mg Cohort | 0.01 |
| Group 3: 20mg Cohort | 0.05 |
The time to positivity (TTP) measures growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis using MGIT assay in hours. Higher values of daily change in TTP indicate greater decrease in bacterial burden over the time period and is therefore better. The mean log transformed TTP are estimated using all values by fitting a biphasic regression models for each participant. The daily change over the first two days of treatment is calculated as EBA0-2 (TTP)= [Day 2 TTP - baseline TTP]/2. The daily change from Day 2 to Day 7 is calculated as EBA2-7 (TTP)= [Day 7 TTP - Day 2 TTP]/5. Baseline is the average of pre-evaluation and entry visits. (NCT01936831)
Timeframe: At baseline, day 2, and day 7
| Intervention | hours per day (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| EBA(0-2) | EBA(2-7) | |
| Group 1: 10mg Cohort | 11.03 | 5.45 |
| Group 1: 15mg Cohort | 7.35 | 12.01 |
| Group 1: 5mg Cohort | 7.78 | 1.77 |
| Group 2: 5mg Cohort | 22.39 | 5.09 |
| Group 3: 15mg Cohort | 2.91 | 2.69 |
| Group 3: 20mg Cohort | -1.36 | 5.45 |
AUC 0-24h defines area under the concentration-time curve over the period of 24 hours post-dose, estimated through non-compartmental methods using the linear trapezoidal rule. (NCT01936831)
Timeframe: Intensive INH PK samples collected on Day 6 of INH initiation at sample times pre-dose, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h and 24h post-dose.
| Intervention | ug*hr/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: 5mg Cohort | 14.05 |
| Group 1: 10mg Cohort | 53.08 |
| Group 1: 15mg Cohort | 50.24 |
| Group 2: 5mg Cohort | 10.47 |
| Group 3: 15mg Cohort | 54.13 |
| Group 3: 20mg Cohort | 70.54 |
MIC are determined by phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) based on spot sputum collected at Step 1 Day 0. For group 3 participants shown, MIC was tested using Thermofisher Sensititre MYCOTB plates. (NCT01936831)
Timeframe: Day 0
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.03 μg/mL | 0.06 μg/mL | 0.12 μg/mL | 0.25 μg/mL | 0.5 μg/mL | 1 μg/mL | 2 μg/mL | 4 μg/mL | >4 μg/mL | |
| Step 1 Group 3 Version 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 3 |
Negative daily change in log10 CFU indicate decreases in bacterial burden over the time period. The mean CFU are estimated using all values by fitting a biphasic regression models for each participant. The daily change for the first two days of treatment was calculated as EBA0-2 (CFU)= [Day 2 log10 CFU per mL - baseline log10 CFU per mL]/2. The daily change from day 2 to day 7 was calculated as EBA2-7 (CFU)= [Day 7 log10 CFU per mL - Day 2 log10 CFU per mL]/5. Baseline is the average of pre-entry and entry visits. (NCT01936831)
Timeframe: At baseline, day 2, and day 7
| Intervention | log10 CFU per mL sputum per day (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| EBA(0-2) | EBA(2-7) | |
| Group 1: 10mg Cohort | -0.17 | -0.17 |
| Group 1: 15mg Cohort | -0.13 | -0.25 |
| Group 1: 5mg Cohort | -0.23 | -0.01 |
| Group 2: 5mg Cohort | -0.41 | -0.07 |
Plasma blood concentrations were summarized using using R (version 3.5.1). (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: at delivery - (within 3 days of life for infants).
| Intervention | mcg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| All Cohorts | 5.31 |
"PK parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using a nonlinear mixed effects model (version 7.4; ICON PLC, Dublin, Ireland).~Developed a 1 compartment PK model with transit compartments for oral absorption~Calculated an average CL for all women in the 2nd trimester (cohort I) and all women in the 3rd trimester (cohort II)" (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Data used in the population PK analysis included the intensive PK visit (pre-dose (t0) and 0.5, 1, 2. 4, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose) and sparse PK visit (1, 4, 24, 48 hours post-dose).
| Intervention | L/hr (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Second Trimester) | 1.4 |
| Cohort 2 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Third Trimester) | 1.50 |
"PK parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using a nonlinear mixed effects model (version 7.4; ICON PLC, Dublin, Ireland).~• Estimated a single INH Vc/F for the whole population" (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Data used in the population PK analysis included the intensive PK visit (pre-dose (t0) and 0.5, 1, 2. 4, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose) and sparse PK visit (1, 4, 24, 48 hours post-dose).
| Intervention | L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| All Cohorts | 107 |
"PK parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using a nonlinear mixed effects model (version 7.4; ICON PLC, Dublin, Ireland).~Developed a 1 compartment PK model with transit compartments for oral absorption~Estimated a single RPT Vc/F for for the whole population Note: that the mean stated below is actually the value that is obtained from a population analysis and represents a population estimate with the relative standard error" (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Data used in the population PK analysis included the intensive PK visit (pre-dose (t0) and 0.5, 1, 2. 4, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose) and sparse PK visit (1, 4, 24, 48 hours post-dose).
| Intervention | L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| All Cohorts | 30.1 |
"PK parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using a nonlinear mixed effects model (version 7.4; ICON PLC, Dublin, Ireland).~Developed a 1 compartment PK model with transit compartments for oral absorption~Obtained AUC by model-based integration" (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Data used in the population PK analysis included the intensive PK visit (pre-dose (t0) and 0.5, 1, 2. 4, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose) and sparse PK visit (1, 4, 24, 48 hours post-dose).
| Intervention | hour*mg/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| AUC (0-24) for RPT | AUC (0-24) for des-RPT | |
| Cohort 1 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Second Trimester) | 424.7 | 158.7 |
| Cohort 2 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Third Trimester) | 406.8 | 153.7 |
"PK parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using a nonlinear mixed effects model (version 7.4; ICON PLC, Dublin, Ireland).~Developed a 1 compartment PK model with 2 mixtures to characterize subpopulations based on acetylation status~Estimated a separate INH CL/F based on acetylation status (fast, slow)" (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Data used in the population PK analysis included the intensive PK visit (pre-dose (t0) and 0.5, 1, 2. 4, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose) and sparse PK visit (1, 4, 24, 48 hours post-dose).
| Intervention | L/hr (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| CL/F (slow acetylators) | CL/F (fast acetylators) | |
| All Cohorts | 8.98 | 32.7 |
"PK parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using a nonlinear mixed effects model (version 7.4; ICON PLC, Dublin, Ireland).~Developed a 1 compartment PK model with transit compartments for oral absorption~Obtained Cmax by model-based estimation" (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Data used in the population PK analysis included the intensive PK visit (pre-dose (t0) and 0.5, 1, 2. 4, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose) and sparse PK visit (1, 4, 24, 48 hours post-dose).
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Cmax for RPT | Cmax for des-RPT | |
| Cohort 1 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Second Trimester) | 30.2 | 8.76 |
| Cohort 2 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Third Trimester) | 28.6 | 8.50 |
"PK parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using a nonlinear mixed effects model (version 7.4; ICON PLC, Dublin, Ireland).~Developed a 1 compartment PK model with transit compartments for oral absorption~Obtained Cmin by model-based estimation" (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Data used in the population PK analysis included the intensive PK visit (pre-dose (t0) and 0.5, 1, 2. 4, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose) and sparse PK visit (1, 4, 24, 48 hours post-dose).
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Cmin for RPT | Cmin for des-RPT | |
| Cohort 1 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Second Trimester) | 1.45 | 1.06 |
| Cohort 2 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Third Trimester) | 1.58 | 1.20 |
Plasma concentrations were summarized using using R (version 3.5.1). (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: at delivery - (within 3 days of life for infants).
| Intervention | mcg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| All Cohorts | 2.47 |
"PK parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using a nonlinear mixed effects model (version 7.4; ICON PLC, Dublin, Ireland).~• Estimated a single absorption rate constant (ka) for the whole population" (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Data used in the population PK analysis included the intensive PK visit (pre-dose (t0) and 0.5, 1, 2. 4, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose) and sparse PK visit (1, 4, 24, 48 hours post-dose).
| Intervention | hr-1 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| All Cohorts | 1.74 |
"PK parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using a nonlinear mixed effects model (version 7.4; ICON PLC, Dublin, Ireland).~Developed a 1 compartment PK model with transit compartments for oral absorption~Estimated the transit compartment rate constant (ktr), which is synonymous with the absorption constant (ka), for the whole population Note that the mean stated below is actually the value that is obtained from a population analysis and represents a population estimate" (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Data used in the population PK analysis included the intensive PK visit (pre-dose (t0) and 0.5, 1, 2. 4, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose) and sparse PK visit (1, 4, 24, 48 hours post-dose).
| Intervention | hr-1 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| All Cohorts | 1.43 |
"PK parameters from postpartum women were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using a nonlinear mixed effects model (version 7.4; ICON PLC, Dublin, Ireland).~Developed a 1 compartment PK model with transit compartments for oral absorption~Calculated an average CL for all post-partum individuals" (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Data used in the population PK analysis for postpartum women included the intensive PK visit (pre-dose (t0) and 0.5, 1, 2. 4, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose) and sparse PK visit (1, 4, 24, 48 hours post-dose).
| Intervention | L/hr (Mean) |
|---|---|
| All Cohorts | 1.64 |
"PK parameters were determined from plasma concentration-time profiles using a nonlinear mixed effects model (version 7.4; ICON PLC, Dublin, Ireland).~Developed a 1 compartment PK model with transit compartments for oral absorption and a separate compartment for metabolite formation~Estimated a single des-RPT CLmet/F for the whole population Note: that the mean stated below is actually the value that is obtained from a population analysis and represents a population estimate with the relative standard error" (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Data used in the population PK analysis included the intensive PK visit (pre-dose (t0) and 0.5, 1, 2. 4, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose) and sparse PK visit (1, 4, 24, 48 hours post-dose).
| Intervention | L/hr (Mean) |
|---|---|
| All Cohorts | 2.82 |
Cord blood concentrations were summarized using using R (version 3.5.1). (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: at delivery (within 3 days of life for infants).
| Intervention | mcg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| All Cohorts | 3.24 |
Cord blood concentrations were summarized using using R (version 3.5.1). (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: at delivery - (within 3 days of life for infants)
| Intervention | mcg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| All Cohorts | 2.97 |
At entry and follow-up, all lab results, sign and symptoms, and diagnoses were recorded. Also, during follow-up grade 2 events related to pregnancy complications, hepatotoxicity, hemorrhage, or peripheral neuropathy, and all grade 3 or events that resulted in discontinuation of study drug regimen, and that met criteria for EAE reporting would further be evaluated and recorded. The DAIDS Table for Grading Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (V 2.0) and Expedited AE Manual (V 2.0) were used. (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Measured from entry through participants' last study visit at 24 weeks after delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Second Trimester) | 0 |
| Cohort 2 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Third Trimester) | 0 |
Based on site-specified confirmatory TB test. If women and infants were diagnosed with active TB during study they would be referred to local care for TB management and treatment. (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Measured from birth through participants' last study visit at 24 weeks after delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1(Infants Born to Women Enrolled in Second Trimester) | 0 |
| Cohort 2 (Infants Born to Women Enrolled in Third Trimester) | 0 |
Based on site-specified confirmatory TB test. If women and infants were diagnosed with active TB during study they would be referred to local care for TB management and treatment. (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through participants' last study visit at 24 weeks after delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Second Trimester) | 0 |
| Cohort 2 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Third Trimester) | 0 |
At entry and follow-up, all lab results, sign and symptoms, and diagnoses will be recorded. Also, during follow-up grade 2 events related to pregnancy complications, hepatotoxicity, hemorrhage, or peripheral neuropathy, and all grade 3 or events that result in discontinuation of study drug regimen, and that meet criteria for EAE reporting will be further evaluated and recorded. The DAIDS Table for Grading Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (V 2.0) and Expedited AE Manual (V 2.0) were used. (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through participants' last study visit at 24 weeks after delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Second Trimester) | 0 |
| Cohort 2 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Third Trimester) | 0 |
At entry and follow-up, all lab results, sign and symptoms, and diagnoses were recorded. Also, during follow-up grade 2 events related to pregnancy complications, hepatotoxicity, hemorrhage, or peripheral neuropathy, and all grade 3 or events that resulted in discontinuation of study drug regimen, and that met criteria for EAE reporting would further be evaluated and recorded. The DAIDS Table for Grading Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (V 2.0) and Expedited AE Manual (V 2.0) were used. (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through participants' last study treatment dispensation (approximately for 12 weeks)
| Intervention | percent of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Second Trimester) | 0 |
| Cohort 2 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Third Trimester) | 0 |
At entry and follow-up, all lab results, sign and symptoms, and diagnoses were recorded. Also, during follow-up grade 2 events related to pregnancy complications, hepatotoxicity, hemorrhage, or peripheral neuropathy, and all grade 3 or events that resulted in discontinuation of study drug regimen, and that met criteria for EAE reporting would further be evaluated and recorded. The DAIDS Table for Grading Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (V 2.0) and Expedited AE Manual (V 2.0) were used. (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through participants' last study visit at 24 weeks after delivery
| Intervention | percent of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Second Trimester) | 20 |
| Cohort 2 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Third Trimester) | 16 |
At entry and follow-up, all lab results, sign and symptoms, and diagnoses were recorded. Also, during follow-up grade 2 events related to pregnancy complications, hepatotoxicity, hemorrhage, or peripheral neuropathy, and all grade 3 or events that resulted in discontinuation of study drug regimen, and that met criteria for EAE reporting would further be evaluated and recorded. The DAIDS Table for Grading Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (V 2.0) and Expedited AE Manual (V 2.0) were used. (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through participants' last study visit at 24 weeks after delivery
| Intervention | percent of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Second Trimester) | 8 |
| Cohort 2 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Third Trimester) | 12 |
At entry and follow-up, all lab results, sign and symptoms, and diagnoses were recorded. Also, during follow-up grade 2 events related to pregnancy complications, hepatotoxicity, hemorrhage, or peripheral neuropathy, and all grade 3 or events that resulted in discontinuation of study drug regimen, and that met criteria for EAE reporting would further be evaluated and recorded. The DAIDS Table for Grading Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (V 2.0) and Expedited AE Manual (V 2.0) and were used. (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Measured from study entry through participants' last study visit at 24 weeks after delivery
| Intervention | percent of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Second Trimester) | 4 |
| Cohort 2 (Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Third Trimester) | 0 |
At entry and follow-up, all lab results, sign and symptoms, and diagnoses were recorded. Also, during follow-up grade 2 events related to pregnancy complications, hepatotoxicity, hemorrhage, or peripheral neuropathy, and all grade 3 or events that resulted in discontinuation of study drug regimen, and that met criteria for EAE reporting would further be evaluated and recorded. The DAIDS Table for Grading Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (V 2.0) and Expedited AE Manual (V 2.0) were used. (NCT02651259)
Timeframe: Measured from birth through infants' last study visit at 24 weeks after birth
| Intervention | percent of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1 (Infants Born to Women Enrolled in Second Trimester) | 0 |
| Cohort 2 (Infants Born to Women Enrolled in Third Trimester) | 0 |
Safety will be assessed by the occurrence of a Grade 3/4 hepatotoxicity at any time during the assigned treatment period. (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Hepatotoxicity occurring during the six month course (180 pills) of isoniazid (INH), which may be taken over a maximum of 9 months.
| Intervention | percent (Number) |
|---|---|
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 8.3 |
The Self Rating Single Item (SRSI) adherence scale asks participants to rate their ability to take their medications as prescribed over the past 30 days. Participants reporting INH use in the prior 30 days at the 3- or 6-month interview are included here, and reported their INH adherence in the prior 30 days as excellent, very good, good, fair, poor, or very poor. (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Self-reported INH medication adherence via SRSI will be measured 3- and 6- months after starting INH
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At 3 months72558043 | At 6 months72558043 | |||||||||||
| Excellent | Very good | Good | Fair | Poor | Very poor | |||||||
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 160 | |||||||||||
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 79 | |||||||||||
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 38 | |||||||||||
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 2 | |||||||||||
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 124 | |||||||||||
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 90 | |||||||||||
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 41 | |||||||||||
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 4 | |||||||||||
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 0 | |||||||||||
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 1 | |||||||||||
"Participants were asked In the past 30 days, how many days in total have you not taken your pill? and were presented with a visual analog scale (VAS) to indicate the percentage of INH taken in the past 30 days. We converted the VAS percentage into number of days out of 30 to match the first question. Our final self-report measure was the minimum number of the 2 self-reported measurements." (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Self-reported INH medication adherence via VAS will be measured 3- and 6- months after starting INH
| Intervention | days (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| at 3 months | at 6 months | |
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 30 | 30 |
Suboptimal INH adherence was defined as <90% of days with at least 1 electronic medication management (EMM) pill cap opening in the previous 90 days, at 3- and 6-months. (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Adherence will be measured over the 6 months on INH or until INH discontinuation (whichever is shorter)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| at 3 months | at 6 months | |
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 31.3 | 43.9 |
INH concentration in hair (pmol/mg) will be measured at 3- and 6- months during INH therapy. (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Measured at 3- and 6- months after INH initiation
| Intervention | pmol/mg (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| at 3 months | at 6 months | |
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 36.0 | 37.8 |
Latent tuberculosis assessed at screening via tuberculin skin testing (TST). A TST induration >=5mm was considered positive for latent tuberculosis. (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Study screening visit
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Study Screening | 308 |
Alanine transaminase (ALT) or aspartate transaminase (AST) elevations (>2x the upper limit of normal) at study screening (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Study screening visit
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Study Screening | 80 |
Lack of tolerability will be defined as any isoniazid (INH) treatment discontinuation prior to completion of the prescribed course (6 months of INH taken over a maximum period of 9 months) due to side effects or alanine transaminase (ALT)/aspartate transaminase (AST) elevations. (NCT03302299)
Timeframe: Six month course (180 pills) of isoniazid (INH), which may be taken over a maximum of 9 months.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| INH and Vitamin B6 | 32 |
Plasma area under the curve (AUC) during the dosing interval of 0 to 24 hours (AUC0-24hr) on day 14, 22, and 31 of TFV was calculated using the linear-up/log-down trapezoidal rule using noncompartmental methods on Phoenix WinNonlin ® (NCT03510468)
Timeframe: 0-24 hours post dosing on days 14, 22, and 31
| Intervention | hr*ng/ml (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Day 14 | Day 22 | Day 31 | |
| Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers | 262.2 | 265.3 | 230.8 |
(Other than new recognition of participant ineligibility based on absence of M. tuberculosis growth in baseline sputum cultures, or growth of M. tuberculosis resistant to rifampin by GeneXpert) (NCT03882177)
Timeframe: Measured through Day 14
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Pravastatin (40 mg) and Rifafour | 10 |
| Arm 2: Pravastatin (80 mg) and Rifafour | 6 |
| Arm 3: Pravastatin (120 mg) and Rifafour | 0 |
| Arm 4: Pravastatin (160 mg) and Rifafour | 0 |
Graded using the DAIDS table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Corrected Version 2.1, July 2017 (NCT03882177)
Timeframe: Measured through Day 30
| Intervention | AEs Grade 3 or Higher (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Pravastatin (40 mg) and Rifafour | 8 |
| Arm 2: Pravastatin (80 mg) and Rifafour | 4 |
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetylcarnitine Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS. | 4.96 | 2 | 1 | O-acylcarnitine | human metabolite |
| alpha-ketoisovalerate alpha-ketoisovalerate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of isovaleric acid. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-keto-4-methylvalerate alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid | algal metabolite; human metabolite |
| alpha-ketoadipic acid 2-oxoadipic acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that is adipic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | oxo dicarboxylic acid | human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid: An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen.. 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted at C-2 by an amine group and at C-3 by a hydroxy group. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan.. 3-hydroxyanthranilate : A hydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. | 2.83 | 3 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 3-hydroxykynurenine 3-hydroxykynurenine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxykynurenine that is kynurenine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.. hydroxykynurenine : A hydroxy-amino acid that is kynurenine substituted by a single hydroxy group at unspecified position. A "closed" class. | 7.64 | 12 | 2 | hydroxykynurenine | human metabolite |
| phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative | human metabolite |
| cysteine sulfinic acid cysteine sulfinic acid: metabolite of sulfur-containing amino acids | 2.33 | 2 | 0 | ||
| gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 5.15 | 15 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | hydroxytryptophan | human metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ethanediol; glycol | metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin |
| acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aldehyde | carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent |
| adenine [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| adipic acid adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane. | 3.45 | 1 | 1 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid | food acidity regulator; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
| anthranilic acid anthranilic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #565. anthranilic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is benzoic acid having a single amino substituent located at position 2. It is a metabolite produced in L-tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in the central nervous system. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| benzene [no description available] | 2.62 | 3 | 0 | aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent |
| benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine. | 9.18 | 21 | 1 | amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative | fundamental metabolite |
| bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic bromine | |
| 1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
| carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound | biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent |
| formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent |
| carnitine [no description available] | 5.29 | 6 | 2 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
| choline [no description available] | 10.33 | 41 | 2 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 4.93 | 4 | 2 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 4.14 | 3 | 1 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid. | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety. | 6.49 | 7 | 0 | gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride | Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent |
| n(1)-methylnicotinamide N(1)-methylnicotinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinium ion comprising nicotinamide having a methyl group at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of nicotinamide which was initially considered to be biologically inactive but has emerged as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | pyridinium ion | algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-aminoadipic acid 2-Aminoadipic Acid: A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA).. 2-aminoadipic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; mammalian metabolite |
| methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group. | 6.95 | 20 | 4 | C4-dicarboxylic acid | human metabolite |
| n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine | 8.22 | 7 | 3 | alpha-amino acid | |
| malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group. | 4.02 | 2 | 1 | 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | ethylene releasers; plant metabolite |
| creatine [no description available] | 5.46 | 4 | 1 | glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 3.55 | 9 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| dimethylglycine dimethylglycine: metabolic product of calcium pangamate; mutagen when mixed with nitrite; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethylglycine : An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents. | 7.51 | 8 | 4 | amino acid zwitterion; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines | Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| glycine [no description available] | 6.01 | 14 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aldotriose | fundamental metabolite |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| glycolaldehyde [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | glycolaldehydes | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol | keratolytic drug; metabolite |
| histamine [no description available] | 3.21 | 6 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| toxopyrimidine 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine : An aminopyrimidine that is pyrimidine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 are replaced by methyl, amino, and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. | 3.18 | 6 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; aromatic primary alcohol | Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| indole [no description available] | 2.84 | 4 | 0 | indole; polycyclic heteroarene | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group. | 3.99 | 5 | 0 | indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid | auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 3.63 | 2 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
| dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative | human metabolite |
| kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group. | 10.02 | 26 | 4 | aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline | human metabolite |
| pipecolic acid pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid. | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | piperidinemonocarboxylic acid | |
| thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. | 5.04 | 5 | 0 | dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid | fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| racemethionine Racemethionine: A preparation of METHIONINE that includes a mixture of D-methionine and L-methionine isomers. | 3.16 | 3 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; sulfur-containing amino acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| methylmercaptan methylmercaptan: intermediate in the manufacturing of jet fuels, pesticides, fungicides, plastics, synthesis of methionine; odor may cause nausea; narcotic in high concentrations; depresses urea biosynthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkanethiol | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | 3.04 | 5 | 0 | cyclitol; hexol | |
| melatonin [no description available] | 6.94 | 7 | 1 | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom | epitope; micronutrient |
| niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 10.26 | 43 | 1 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
| niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. | 14.64 | 86 | 1 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3 | antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 3.76 | 2 | 1 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
| nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide | analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent |
| orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid | geroprotector; metabolite |
| oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2. | 6.59 | 6 | 2 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion | allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | phosphoric acids | algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent |
| phosphorylethanolamine phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | phosphoethanolamine; primary amino compound | algal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| pqq cofactor PQQ Cofactor: A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.. pyrroloquinoline quinone : A pyrroloquinoline having oxo groups at the 4- and 5-positions and carboxy groups at the 2-, 7- and 9-positions. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | orthoquinones; pyrroloquinoline cofactor; tricarboxylic acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; water-soluble vitamin (role) |
| propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid | antifungal drug |
| pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis. | 4.07 | 4 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines | antitubercular agent; prodrug |
| pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'. | 2.87 | 4 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| pyridoxal [no description available] | 11.03 | 96 | 1 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. | 17.73 | 239 | 14 | methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate | coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyridoxamine [no description available] | 9.98 | 66 | 1 | aminoalkylpyridine; hydroxymethylpyridine; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; iron chelator; mouse metabolite; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyridoxamine phosphate pyridoxamine phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate : A vitamin B6 phosphate that is the phosphoric ester derivative of pyridoxamine. | 3.92 | 13 | 0 | aminoalkylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). | 20.86 | 497 | 5 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyridoxine 5-phosphate pyridoxine 5-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd | 3.66 | 8 | 0 | vitamin B6 phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | cofactor; fundamental metabolite |
| quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan. | 3.04 | 1 | 0 | pyridinedicarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
| sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis | 7.51 | 8 | 4 | N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines | Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | selenium oxoacid | |
| succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 3.92 | 2 | 1 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| succinic semialdehyde succinic semialdehyde: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aldehydic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| taurine [no description available] | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 16.14 | 159 | 13 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | 3.88 | 2 | 1 | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
| 2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | bipyridine | chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene | agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin |
| 2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | dinitrophenol | allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor |
| aminopropionitrile Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | aminopropionitrile | antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; collagen cross-linking inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| 3-methoxytyrosine [no description available] | 3.58 | 2 | 0 | tyrosine derivative | |
| 3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent |
| homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite. | 3.85 | 3 | 0 | guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5. | 3.46 | 2 | 0 | indole-3-acetic acids | drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug. | 3.11 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; one-carbon compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid comprising 4-aminobutyric acid having a 2-hydroxy substituent. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid | |
| theophylline [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolone | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine | metabolite; muscarinic agonist |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 7.14 | 10 | 3 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| benphothiamine benfotiamine : A thioester that is a synthetic analogue of thiamine obtained by acylative cleavage of the thiazole ring and O-phospohorylation. | 6.21 | 5 | 2 | aminopyrimidine; formamides; organic phosphate; thioester | antioxidant; immunological adjuvant; nutraceutical; protective agent; provitamin B1 |
| benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite |
| cacodylic acid dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | organoarsenic compound | xenobiotic metabolite |
| caffeine [no description available] | 5.7 | 7 | 3 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. | 2.57 | 2 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; ureas | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic |
| celecoxib [no description available] | 4.39 | 1 | 1 | organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 4.42 | 5 | 1 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. | 4.42 | 2 | 2 | 2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound | |
| clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent |
| clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
| cystamine [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide; primary amino compound | EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor |
| deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 3.52 | 2 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
| amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | primary amine | |
| diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. | 3.18 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide | bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant |
| dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome. | 4.24 | 4 | 1 | carboxylic ester; tertiary amine | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones | photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| disulfiram [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor |
| valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. | 7.21 | 9 | 2 | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
| donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group. | 3.42 | 1 | 1 | aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent |
| doxylamine Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM. | 4.24 | 4 | 1 | pyridines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antitussive; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; sedative |
| ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups. | 2.84 | 4 | 0 | ether; volatile organic compound | inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE | 3.11 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. | 3.64 | 1 | 1 | chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide | environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic |
| hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene | acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
| hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | phenanthridines | fluorochrome; intercalator |
| hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug |
| ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| iproniazid [no description available] | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | carbohydrazide; pyridines | |
| isocarboxazid Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311) | 3.59 | 2 | 0 | benzenes | |
| isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | 8.8 | 67 | 1 | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
| isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4. | 7.38 | 10 | 2 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group. | 2.63 | 2 | 0 | diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate | |
| mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent |
| meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness. | 3.03 | 5 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1. | 6.17 | 5 | 1 | guanidines | environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic |
| methantheline Methantheline: A quaternary ammonium compound that acts as an antimuscarinic agent. It has been used in the treatment of PEPTIC ULCER, in gastrointestinal disorders associated with smooth muscle spasm, and in the management of urinary incontinence, and may also be used for the treatment of HYPERHIDROSIS. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | xanthenes | |
| metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine. | 3.84 | 2 | 1 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic |
| metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. | 4.13 | 3 | 1 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist |
| midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist |
| neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. | 3.41 | 1 | 1 | nitroglycerol | explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline | |
| omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties. | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | carbazoles | |
| oxonic acid Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 1,3,5-triazines; monocarboxylic acid | |
| aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; phenols | antitubercular agent |
| papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines | antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent |
| pentoxifylline [no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
| phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolidines | antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
| phthalylsulfathiazole phthalylsulfathiazole: minor descriptor (63-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SULFATHIAZOLES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalylsulfathiazole : A sulfonamide incorporating 2-carboxybenzamido and 1,3-thiazol-2-yl moieties that is a broad-spectrum antibiotic indicated in the treatment of dysentery, colitis, gastroenteritis and intestinal surgery. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | |
| piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent. | 6.22 | 5 | 2 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; sulfonamide | uricosuric drug |
| procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic |
| promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative |
| propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 2 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| tegafur [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
| ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| trigonelline trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; iminium betaine | food component; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite |
| trimethobenzamide trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; tertiary amino compound | antiemetic |
| tyramine [no description available] | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| vigabatrin [no description available] | 3.13 | 1 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor |
| xanthurenic acid xanthurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at C-4 and C-8. | 4.76 | 12 | 0 | dihydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | animal metabolite; iron chelator; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; vesicular glutamate transport inhibitor |
| zonisamide Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position. | 3.42 | 1 | 1 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; sulfonamide | anticonvulsant; antioxidant; central nervous system drug; protective agent; T-type calcium channel blocker |
| corticosterone [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
| sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | glucitol | cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups. | 7.08 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidone | hyperglycemic agent; metabolite |
| hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 4.16 | 5 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. | 2.57 | 2 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid | androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 2-acetamidofluorenes | antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen |
| carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloromethanes | hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant |
| cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. | 4.43 | 4 | 1 | cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid | EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 3.81 | 12 | 0 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 4.75 | 12 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 3.72 | 10 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 5.08 | 5 | 2 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 8.5 | 16 | 3 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 5.4 | 11 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes | carcinogenic agent |
| apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug |
| adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | D-galactose; galactopyranose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | 6.43 | 12 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 4.21 | 5 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | amine; thiol | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent |
| adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| 4-deoxypyridoxine 4-deoxypyridoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; pyridoxine antagonist. 4-deoxypyridoxine : A pyridine ring substituted with methyl groups at positions 2 and 4, a hydroxyl at position 3, and a hydroxymethyl group at position 5. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine | metabolite |
| methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties. | 2 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer |
| leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 4.66 | 2 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 2-aminoisobutyric acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2-aminoisobutyric acid : A rare, non-protein amino acid and end-product of pyrimidine metabolism, excreted in urine and found in some antibiotics of fungal origin. With the exception of a few bacteria, it is non-metabolisable, and therefore used in bioassays. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 2,2-dialkylglycine zwitterion; 2,2-dialkylglycine | |
| androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 7.08 | 4 | 3 | lactose | |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 14.94 | 121 | 11 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. | 3.7 | 1 | 1 | alkaloid; colchicine | anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen |
| chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | chloromethanes; one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid. | 3.56 | 1 | 1 | organic sodium salt | anticoagulant; flavouring agent |
| cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis). | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion | antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist |
| mannitol [no description available] | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. | 4.13 | 4 | 0 | non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine | algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available] | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester | adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group. | 4.32 | 6 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 11.67 | 62 | 6 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 10.59 | 22 | 5 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| methyl bromide methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes; methyl halides | algal metabolite; fumigant insecticide; marine metabolite |
| ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | alkene; gas molecular entity | plant hormone; refrigerant |
| acetylene [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound | |
| trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent |
| gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound | mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| tabun tabun: proposed as military nerve gas and exptl cholinesterase inhibitor; extremely poisonous; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration. | 12.98 | 47 | 4 | pantothenic acid; vitamin B5 | antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite |
| pyridoxic acid Pyridoxic Acid: The catabolic product of most of VITAMIN B 6; (PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; and PYRIDOXAMINE) which is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxic acid : A methylpyridine that is 2-methylpyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at C-3, a carboxy group at C-4, and a hydroxymethyl group at C-5. It is the catabolic product of vitamin B6 and is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxate : A pyridoxate that is the conjugate base of 4-pyridoxic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group. | 12.06 | 57 | 6 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| cyclizine Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine | antiemetic; central nervous system depressant; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic |
| methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | 6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic |
| pyocyanine Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | iminium betaine; phenazines | antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; virulence factor |
| phenothiazine 10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | phenothiazine | ferroptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite; radical scavenger |
| propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872) | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; paraben; phenols | antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent |
| 1,2-diaminobenzene 1,2-diaminobenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,2-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the two amino groups are ortho to each other. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | phenylenediamine | hydrogen donor |
| pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration. | 4.35 | 1 | 1 | 5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | algal metabolite |
| trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | trehalose | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| phenylhydrazine [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | phenylhydrazines | xenobiotic |
| acrolein [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | enal | herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin |
| glyoxal [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde | agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator |
| 4-methylpyridine 4-methylpyridine: structure in first source. 4-methylpyridine : A methylpyridine in which the methyl substituent is at position 4. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridine | |
| 3-hydroxypyridine 3-hydroxypyridine: RN given refeirs to parent cpd. 3-pyridinol : A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It has been detected as a thermal degradation product from the smoke of the burning leaves of Salvia divinorum, a Mexican psychoactive plant. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | monohydroxypyridine | |
| pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 3.61 | 2 | 0 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
| thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | peptide ergot alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| chloranil Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; metabolite |
| oxythiamine Oxythiamine: Thiamine antagonist, antimetabolite.. oxythiamine(1+) : A 1,3-thiazolium cation that is 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole alkylated at the N3 position by a (2-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-5-yl)methyl group. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazolium cation | antimetabolite; vitamin B1 antagonist |
| 2-hydroxypyridine hydroxypyridine : Any member of the class of pyridines with at least one hydroxy substituent.. pyridin-2-ol : A monohydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxypyridine | plant metabolite |
| monomethylarsonic acid monomethylarsonic acid: structure given in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | arsonic acids; one-carbon compound; organoarsonic acid | |
| thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate. | 3.84 | 4 | 0 | organic chloride salt; vitamin B1 | |
| perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes | |
| acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | genotoxin |
| indolizine [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | indolizines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent | |
| adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | adamantanes; polycyclic alkane | |
| isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent. | 3.82 | 2 | 1 | isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions. | 2.85 | 4 | 0 | diazine; pyrimidines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | |
| hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups. | 3.34 | 7 | 0 | azane; hydrazines | EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor |
| thiocyanate thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | pseudohalide anion; sulfur molecular entity | human metabolite |
| paraoxon [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite |
| azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent |
| thymidine monophosphate Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate). | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | thymidine 5'-monophosphate | fundamental metabolite |
| lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | human metabolite |
| homocystine [no description available] | 4.51 | 5 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; homocystines | human metabolite |
| limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3. | 7.3 | 4 | 3 | calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound | antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent |
| glycocholic acid Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | bile acid glycine conjugate | human metabolite |
| fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline | antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| indoline indoline: structure given in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| phytomonic acid phytomonic acid: produced in Lactobacillus plantarum; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 11,12-methyleneoctadecanoic acid : A C18, saturated fatty acid composed of octadecanoic acid having an 11,12-methylene substituent forming a cyclopropane. | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | carbocyclic fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid | |
| alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | thiazolidine | |
| suberic acid suberic acid: used in plastics industry; inhibits activity of some enzymes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. suberic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,6-dicarboxy derivative of hexane. | 3.45 | 1 | 1 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid | human metabolite |
| kryptopyrrole kryptopyrrole: metabolite in schizophrenia | 3.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source | 2.84 | 4 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| pyridoxamine dihydrochloride pyridoxamine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining pyridoxamine with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride; vitamin B6 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; iron chelator; mouse metabolite; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thiamine monophosphate Thiamine Monophosphate: Thiamine dihydrogen phosphate ester. The monophosphate ester of thiamine. Synonyms: monophosphothiamine; vitamin B1 monophosphate.. thiamine(1+) monophosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) monophosphate. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt; vitamin B1 | |
| crimidine crimidine: structure | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 8.42 | 12 | 5 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| 3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | flavonols; monohydroxyflavone | |
| anatabine anatabine: alkaloid found in tobacco; structure | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | bipyridines | |
| 2-anthramine 2-anthramine: structure | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | anthracenamine | |
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| dimethyl disulfide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic disulfide | xenobiotic metabolite |
| potassium citrate Potassium Citrate: A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.. potassium citrate (anhydrous) : The anhydrous form of the tripotassium salt of citric acid. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | potassium salt | diuretic |
| deoxycytidine [no description available] | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cytidine diphosphate choline Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative | antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cyanoacetylene cyanoacetylene: structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pyrithioxin Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | methylpyridines | |
| pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde: structure in first source. 2-formylpyridine : A pyridinecarbaldehyde that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a formyl group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyridinecarbaldehyde | |
| cadmium sulfide [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity | |
| zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | zinc molecular entity | |
| glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. | 7.23 | 4 | 3 | enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin | EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 14.45 | 68 | 7 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| tocopherols [no description available] | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| pyrazon pyrazon: structure; do not confuse with phenazone which is a synonym to antipyrine. chloridazon : A pyridazinone that is pyridazin-3(2H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 5, a chloro group at position 4 and a phenyl group at position 2. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; organochlorine compound; primary amino compound; pyridazinone | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| methazid methazid: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search ISONIAZID/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search METHAZID (66-85) | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | geroprotector; herbicide |
| s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 3.14 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | |
| mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose | metabolite |
| dimethyl trisulfide [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic trisulfide | |
| streptomycin [no description available] | 4.44 | 7 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | dioxolane | |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 2.33 | 2 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | elemental mercury; zinc group element atom | neurotoxin |
| molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
| neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental silver | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom | |
| chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | chromium group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 2.94 | 3 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
| zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion. | 7.21 | 10 | 0 | metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity | fertilizer |
| tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues. | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | calcium phosphate | |
| copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | metal sulfate | emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser |
| deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 5.72 | 4 | 1 | dihydrogen | |
| fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic chloride | ferroptosis inhibitor |
| ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. | 4.67 | 2 | 1 | S-ethylhomocysteine | antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent |
| tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator |
| sodium bisulfide sodium bisulfide: RN given refers to sodium sulfide (Na(SH)); see also record for sodium sulfide (Na2S) | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluorides [no description available] | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic fluorine | |
| chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation | |
| melarsen oxide melarsen oxide: inhibits glutathione reductase | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 4.43 | 5 | 1 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat. | 4.96 | 2 | 1 | chloride salt; organic chloride salt | antiseptic drug; surfactant |
| ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| alkenes [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones). | 4.73 | 7 | 1 | organic calcium salt | |
| glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 5.22 | 12 | 1 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| oxovanadium iv oxovanadium IV: forms complexes with simple sugars | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | vanadium oxide | |
| s-adenosylmethionine acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group. | 3.47 | 1 | 1 | sulfonium betaine | human metabolite |
| paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
| substance p [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols | agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
| simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. | 3.52 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic) | EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug |
| pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. | 6.89 | 4 | 2 | 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic) | anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic |
| clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| eliprodil 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanol : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine substituted by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl group at position 1 and by a 4-fluorobenzyl group at position 4. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; piperidines; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | |
| gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders. | 3.51 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone | drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist |
| atorvastatin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic) | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 5.34 | 2 | 2 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms. | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion | EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor |
| trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride. | 3.02 | 4 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| tetramethylenedisulfotetramine tetramethylenedisulfotetramine: induces convulsions; inhibitor of GABA; structure | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope; mouse metabolite |
| n-methylnicotinamide N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | pyridinecarboxamide | metabolite |
| glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | glutathione derivative; organic disulfide | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 1,7-phenanthroline [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | phenanthroline | |
| fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162) | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose | |
| tocophersolan tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | tocol | |
| trichlorosucrose trichlorosucrose: sweetness intensity roughly 600 times that of sucrose and is nonnutritive and noncaloric; largely unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. sucralose : A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; organochlorine compound | environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic |
| 2-aminonicotinic acid 2-aminonicotinic acid: structure in first source. 2-aminonicotinic acid : An aminonicotinic acid in which the amino group is situated at position 2 of the pyridine ring.. aminonicotinic acid : An aromatic amino acid that is nicotinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the pyridine ring is replaced by an amino group. A 'closed class'. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | aminonicotinic acid; aminopyridine | metabolite |
| oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; oxazolidinone | metabolite |
| 4-methoxymethylpyridoxine 4-methoxymethylpyridoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd | 5 | 6 | 0 | pyridines | |
| ribose-5-phosphate ribose-5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | D-ribose 5-phosphate | |
| 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid: catechol methyltransferase inhibitor; N1 same as NM | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | |
| bromates Bromates: Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | bromine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion | |
| coenzyme a [no description available] | 3.8 | 4 | 0 | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate | coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| bay 93820 isocarbophos: an organophosphorus insecticide | 2.63 | 2 | 0 | isopropyl ester; organic phosphonate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphonic ester; salicylates | agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol. | 6.27 | 6 | 1 | iditol | fungal metabolite |
| homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration. | 22.21 | 458 | 103 | amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid | fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 1-methylhistidine 1-methylhistidine: found in muscle proteins; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. 1-methylhistidine : A methylhistidine in which the methyl group is located at N-1.. N(tele)-methyl-L-histidine : A L-histidine derivative in which the methyl group is at N(tele)-position. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | L-histidine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; zwitterion | human metabolite |
| gamma-tocopherol gamma-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.. gamma-tocopherol : A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils. | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | tocopherol; vitamin E | algal metabolite; food antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| erythrose D-erythrose : The D-enantiomer of erythrose. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | erythrose | plant metabolite |
| glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | D-glucuronic acid | algal metabolite |
| 4-deoxypyridoxine 5'-phosphate [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lanthionine lanthionine: a thioether analogue of cystine; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer; structure; a component of lantibiotics (BACTERIOCINS). lanthionine : An alanine derivative in which two alanine residues are linked on their beta-carbons by a thioether linkage. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; organic sulfide | bacterial metabolite |
| cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| carbidopa, levodopa drug combination [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate: Molecular formula CaHPO(4)-2(H2O) | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | calcium salt; hydrate | |
| hypotaurine [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | aminosulfinic acid; zwitterion | human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | proanthocyanidin | |
| 2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole 2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole: contaminant/component of caramel coloring III; produces lymphopenia without toxic effects in rats and mice; prevents spontaneous and cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes in mice | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis. | 3.45 | 1 | 1 | fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pentosidine pentosidine: structure given in first source. pentosidine : An imidazopyridine having norleucine and ornithine residues attached via their side-chains at the 4- and 2-positions respectively. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | imidazopyridine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | biomarker; cross-linking reagent |
| disodium cantharidin disodium cantharidin: inhibits type 1 and type 2A protein phosphatase; cantharidine is the 2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride; RN given refers to di-Na salt | 4.43 | 4 | 1 | ||
| peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES). | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | |
| n,n-dimethylarginine N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group. | 8.22 | 7 | 3 | dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| methotrexate [no description available] | 4.92 | 2 | 1 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| glutamate-1-semialdehyde (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoic acid : A 5-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is 5-oxopentanoic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4 (the 4S-stereoisomer). | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 5-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; glutamic semialdehyde | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| triiodothyronine L-homocysteine thiolactone : A thiolactone arising from formal condensation of the mercapto (sulfanyl) and carboxylic acid groups of L-homocysteine. | 3.53 | 2 | 0 | tetrahydrothiophenes; thiolactone | human metabolite |
| xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source | 3.13 | 1 | 0 | D-xylose | |
| proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 5.9 | 8 | 3 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent |
| levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor |
| ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer). | 3.11 | 1 | 0 | azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite |
| 3-methyleneoxindole [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | oxindoles | |
| 4-pyridoxic acid lactone 4-pyridoxolactone: has chelating and antianemic activities; structure in first source | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | furopyridine; lactone | |
| naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. | 4.39 | 1 | 1 | methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species | |
| singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| saccharopine L-saccharopine : The N(6)-(1,3-dicarboxypropan-1-yl) derivative of L-lysine. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | amino acid opine; L-lysine derivative | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate: chemiluminescence reagent | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| allysine L-allysine : An optically active form of allysine having L-configuration. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | allysine; amino acid zwitterion; aminoadipate semialdehyde; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| vanillactic acid vanillactic acid: metabolite of catecholamines | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | |
| ampelopsin ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | dihydromyricetin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite |
| symmetric dimethylarginine N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups at the N(omega)- and N'(omega)-positions | 4.35 | 1 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; dimethylarginine; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| aminopterin Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid | EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; mutagen |
| 3'-(1-butylphosphoryl)adenosine 3'-(1-butylphosphoryl)adenosine: regulatory substance inducing production of rifamycin in Nocardia sp; structure given in first source | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-hydroxyhemopyrroline-5-one 2-hydroxyhemopyrroline-5-one: structure | 3.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 9.72 | 30 | 1 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| homocysteic acid homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration. | 3.42 | 1 | 1 | homocysteic acid | NMDA receptor agonist |
| pyridoxal 5-thiophosphate [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxythreonine hydroxythreonine: present in hydrolysate of actinomycin Z. 4-hydroxy-L-threonine : A hydroxy-amino acid consisting of L-threonine having a hydroxy substituent at the 4-position. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; hydroxy-amino acid; L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| chlorite [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion | |
| deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human blood serum metabolite |
| cortisone [no description available] | 3.18 | 6 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 2-hydroxyestradiol 2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-hydroxy steroid | carcinogenic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug |
| pheophorbide a pheophorbide a: split product of chlorophyll obtained by saponification of pheophytin | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-aminoproline 1-aminoproline: constituent of linatine; thought to be responsible for in vivo toxicity of linseed meal for turkey poults; RN given refers to(D)-isomer; pyridoxine antag | 2.81 | 3 | 0 | proline derivative | |
| acivicin [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound | antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite |
| trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cercosporin cercosporin: phyytotoxin from Cercospora beticola Sacc; posses photodynamic action on mice, bacteria & plants. cercosporin : An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is perylo[1,12-def][1,3]dioxepine-6,11-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 12, by methoxy groups at positions 7 and 10, and by 2-hydroxypropyl groups at positions 8 and 9 (the R,R-stereoisomer). It is a phytotoxin which was first isolated from the pathogenic soybean fungus, Cercospora kikuchii and later found in multiple members of the genus Cercospora. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carboplatin [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| s-adenosylhomocysteine S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. | 6.04 | 10 | 1 | adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide | cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite |
| glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate: An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate : An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | mouse metabolite |
| glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | ||
| xylulose-5-phosphate, (d)-isomer D-xylulose 5-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of xylulose 5-phosphate. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | xylulose 5-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| hexacyanoferrate iii hexacyanoferrate III: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2. | 3.71 | 2 | 0 | D-glucosamine | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
| carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| theanine theanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; precursor of ethylamine; found in green tea. N(5)-ethyl-L-glutamine : A N(5)-alkylglutamine where the alkyl group is ethyl. It has been isolated from green tea. | 4.67 | 2 | 2 | amino acid zwitterion; N(5)-alkyl-L-glutamine | geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| cysteinylglycine cysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83. L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| alpha-aminobutyric acid alpha-aminobutyric acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-aminobutyric acid : An alpha-amino acid that is butyric acid bearing a single amino substituent located at position 2.. D-alpha-aminobutyric acid : An optically active form of alpha-aminobutyric acid having D-configuration. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | alpha-aminobutyric acid; D-alpha-amino acid | |
| trimethyllysine trimethyllysine: stimulates growth of tumor cells; RN given refers to (S)-isomer | 4.39 | 1 | 1 | alpha-amino-acid cation | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside | EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| mometasone furoate Mometasone Furoate: A pregnadienediol derivative ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT and ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT that is used in the management of ASTHMA and ALLERGIC RHINITIS. It is also used as a topical treatment for skin disorders. | 3.16 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-furoate ester; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; organochlorine compound; steroid ester | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| linezolid [no description available] | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone | antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| indican [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; exopolysaccharide; indolyl carbohydrate | |
| genipin [no description available] | 3.01 | 3 | 0 | iridoid monoterpenoid | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; hepatotoxic agent; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
| 2-c-methylerythritol 4-phosphate 2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate: structure in first source | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | tetritol phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate deoxyxylulose phosphate: structure in first source. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate : The 5-phospho derivative of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose. | 3.13 | 1 | 0 | xylulose phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 2.83 | 3 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
| tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
| arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. | 3.76 | 11 | 0 | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 11.01 | 60 | 1 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 6.61 | 5 | 4 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| ferric hydroxide ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9 | 3 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. | 4.59 | 5 | 1 | icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| lycopene [no description available] | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | acyclic carotene | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid | antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist |
| decitabine [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | |
| iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES). | 2.69 | 2 | 0 | ||
| riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 21.33 | 187 | 17 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. | 2.55 | 2 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antacid; food anticaking agent |
| isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 10.18 | 18 | 4 | isomethyleugenol | |
| flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972) | 4.29 | 7 | 0 | flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group |
| arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | vasopressin | cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen |
| pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups. | 3.35 | 1 | 0 | diphosphate ion | |
| leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty. | 3.13 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist |
| urocanic acid Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | urocanic acid | human metabolite |
| cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid | antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| tetrahydropalmatine [no description available] | 3.64 | 1 | 1 | ||
| curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger |
| rhodanine 2-mercaptothiazolinone: metabolite in urine from persons exposed to CS2; structure | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | thiazolidinone | |
| thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group. | 2.33 | 2 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound | antithyroid drug; metabolite |
| methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones | antithyroid drug |
| epalrestat epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; thiazolidines | EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor |
| chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | cinnamate ester; tannin | food component; plant metabolite |
| thiosemicarbazide thiosemicarbazide: glutamate decarboxylase antagonist; structure given in first source. hydrazinecarbothioamide : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group. | 2.33 | 2 | 0 | hydrazines; thiocarboxamide; thioureas | |
| D-fructopyranose [no description available] | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose | sweetening agent |
| unithiol Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nadp [no description available] | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | ||
| thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic |
| lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 5.29 | 4 | 3 | alkali metal atom | |
| cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | cobalt salt; inorganic chloride | allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator |
| nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen oxide | |
| cystine [no description available] | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | ||
| phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | detergent; protein denaturant |
| alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. | 3.64 | 1 | 1 | ||
| naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-carotene alpha-carotene: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer; see also related record beta-carotene. alpha-carotene : A cyclic carotene with a beta- and an epsilon-ring at opposite ends respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene | plant metabolite; provitamin A |
| osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B. | 3.44 | 1 | 1 | long-chain fatty acid | |
| sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4. | 3.02 | 4 | 0 | sphing-4-enine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| quercetin [no description available] | 2.88 | 3 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| bilirubin [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | biladienes; dicarboxylic acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 3.48 | 1 | 1 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor. | 3.48 | 1 | 1 | monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 3.46 | 8 | 0 | octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite |
| vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors. | 6.05 | 16 | 0 | ||
| beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues. | 8.9 | 12 | 1 | carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene | antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A |
| thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A | mouse metabolite |
| retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate | antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite |
| alprostadil [no description available] | 4.08 | 2 | 0 | prostaglandins E | anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. | 7.75 | 6 | 1 | D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone | geroprotector; human metabolite |
| alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| genistein [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| kava Kava: Dried rhizome and roots of Piper methysticum, a shrub native to Oceania and known for its anti-anxiety and sedative properties. Heavy usage results in some adverse effects. It contains ALKALOIDS; LACTONES; kawain, methysticin, mucilage, STARCH, and yangonin. Kava is also the name of the pungent beverage prepared from the plant's roots. | 3.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor |
| lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carotenol | food colouring; plant metabolite |
| azadirachtin azadirachtin A : A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).. azadirachtin : A family of terpenoids isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica). | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; azadirachtin; cyclic hemiketal; enoate ester; epoxide; methyl ester; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol | hepatoprotective agent |
| strigol strigol: a strigolactone from roots of various PLANTS; it stimulates seed germination of parasitic STRIGA and OROBANCHE; structure in first source. strigol : A strigolactone in which the tricyclic lactone moiety bears a hydroxy substitutuent at the position para to the gem-dimethyl group. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | indenofuran; secondary alcohol; strigolactone | |
| coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ubiquinones | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite |
| 4-hydroxyestradiol 4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 4-hydroxy steroid | metabolite |
| misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form. | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | ||
| prostaglandin i3 [no description available] | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | prostanoid | |
| 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal | |
| sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1 | 3.02 | 4 | 0 | sphingoid 1-phosphate | mouse metabolite; signalling molecule; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist; T-cell proliferation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine. | 4.67 | 4 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | phylloquinones; vitamin K | cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 2 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| xylulose [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | xylulose | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| dexmedetomidine [no description available] | 3.56 | 1 | 1 | medetomidine | alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; non-narcotic analgesic; sedative |
| lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 4.26 | 5 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
| cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom | |
| strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62. | 3.31 | 1 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom | |
| arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 3.2 | 5 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
| sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 3.45 | 8 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| isoalloxazine isoalloxazine: structure | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione | |
| deoxyribose [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | deoxypentose | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 8.43 | 30 | 3 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
| silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086]. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 4.47 | 5 | 1 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
| abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | 2-trans-abscisic acid | |
| 3,4-dichlorophenyl propenylisobutylamide 3,4-dichlorophenyl propenylisobutylamide: structure given in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE. | 7.32 | 16 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
| radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom | |
| oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure. | 6.7 | 18 | 1 | ||
| (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. | 3.11 | 1 | 0 | (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid | |
| vitamin a2 vitamin A2: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinol : A retinoid derived from 3,4-desaturation of the beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinol. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | retinoid; vitamin A | human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| beta-escin Escin: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid saponin | |
| nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
| 1-deoxy-2-pentulose [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | deoxypentose | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent. | 3.15 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
| s 1743 Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. | 3.16 | 1 | 0 | magnesium salt | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| disilver oxide [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). | 2.66 | 2 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
| zeolites [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cystathionine Cystathionine: Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE.. cystathionine : A modified amino acid generated by enzymic means from homocysteine and serine. | 9.81 | 21 | 8 | cysteine derivative | |
| dimethylarginine dimethylarginine: structure in first source. dimethylarginine : An arginine derivative that is arginine substituted by two methyl groups. A "closed" class. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose. | 3.13 | 1 | 0 | D-ribose; ribopyranose | |
| acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration. | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose | |
| pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tyvelose tyvelose: see also records for paratose & colitose; RN given refers to (D)-isomer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| enerbol Life: The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division) | 2.33 | 2 | 0 | ||
| glycoursodeoxycholic acid glycoursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.. glycoursodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycoursodeoxycholic acid. obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | bile acid glycine conjugate; N-acylglycine | human blood serum metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| jaw [no description available] | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | indolecarboxamide | |
| s-adenosylethionine [no description available] | 4.39 | 1 | 1 | ||
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| desmosine Desmosine: A rare amino acid found in elastin, formed by condensation of four molecules of lysine into a pyridinium ring. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amino acid | |
| cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency. | 4.05 | 2 | 0 | ||
| oligonucleotides [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | glycoside | |
| ferrous gluconate ferrous gluconate: iron important in this cpd; RN given refers to ferrous cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63) | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 4.17 | 3 | 1 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | chlorophyll; methyl ester | cofactor |
| sodium salicylate [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| argpyrimidine argpyrimidine: structure given in first source. argpyrimidine : A member of the class of hydroxypyrimidines obtained by cyclocondensation of L-arginine and methylglyoxal; a methyl glyoxal-derived advanced glycation end-product (AGE) in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and human cancers. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | hydroxypyrimidine; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | epitope |
| chitosan [no description available] | 3.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium ethylxanthate Sex: The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine. | 8.55 | 17 | 3 | organic cation; sulfonium compound | coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetrahydrozoline 2-methylserine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-methylserine zwitterion : An amino acid zwitterion arising from transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 2-methylserine; major species at pH 7.3. 2-methylserine : A hydroxy-amino acid that is serine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; hydroxy-amino acid | |
| plx4032 [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor |
| bacillithiol bacillithiol: antioxidant produced by several bacterial species; structure in first source. bacillithiol : A thiol that is the alpha-anomeric glycoside of L-cysteinyl-D-glucosamine with L-malic acid. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; thiol | antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor |
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 3.87 | 2 | 1 | ||
| interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. | 4.85 | 10 | 0 | ||
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 20.43 | 110 | 9 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | ||
| chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens. | 2.33 | 2 | 0 | ||
| minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5. | 3.99 | 1 | 1 | ||
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 3.19 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| s 1 (combination) S 1 (combination): consists of tegafur, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyuridine & potassium oxonate; an inhibitor of fluorouracil(5-FU) degradation; prolongs the blood 5-FU level as well as increases selective toxicity to tumor; used for the treatment of colon cancer | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bananin bananin: structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glutaminase [no description available] | 5.06 | 13 | 0 | ||
| caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cobamamide cobamamide : A member of the class of cobalamins that is vitamin B12 in which the cyano group is replaced by a 5'-deoxyadenos-5'-yl moiety. It is one of the two metabolically active form of vitamin B12. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gibberellins [no description available] | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | ||
| vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12. | 29.13 | 746 | 150 | ||
| flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues. | 4.33 | 4 | 1 | ||
| lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | ||
| exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329) | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | ||
| acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections. | 3.39 | 1 | 1 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antimetabolite; antiviral drug |
| levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid. | 4.1 | 3 | 1 | 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| deoxyguanosine [no description available] | 3.39 | 2 | 0 | purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| guanine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | fundamental metabolite |
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 29.08 | 782 | 154 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| neopterin [no description available] | 6.43 | 8 | 2 | ||
| rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) | 3.25 | 5 | 0 | cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid: RN refers to parent cpd(L-Glu)-isomer | 2.96 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; methylenetetrahydrofolic acid | |
| allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 3.16 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
| 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid : The 5,10-methenyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid arising from enzymatic cyclisation of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid. | 3.53 | 1 | 1 | methylenetetrahydrofolic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 8-hydroxyguanosine 8-hydroxyguanosine: immunostimulant for B lymphocytes; structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone: acts as iron chelating agent | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor |
| sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | citrate salt | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | 3.46 | 1 | 1 | tetrahydrofolic acid | |
| methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | nitroso compound | alkylating agent |
| bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cyclic purine dinucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | immunomodulator; signalling molecule |
| 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. | 3.39 | 2 | 0 | guanosines | biomarker |
| pyridoxal thiosemicarbazone pyridoxal thiosemicarbazone: copper complexes of pyridoxal thiosemicarbazone exert action of inducing agents & are able to enhance dimethylsulfoxide induced hemopoietic differention | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5-methyltetrahydrofolate 5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units. | 8.36 | 10 | 4 | ||
| enng [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eye [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carbidopa Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that prevents conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no anti-parkinson activity by itself.. carbidopa : The hydrate of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa. | 4.27 | 4 | 0 | ||
| leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer of Esophagus [description not available] | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking. | 0 | 8.73 | 30 | 4 |
| Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| Morbid Obesity [description not available] | 0 | 5.49 | 5 | 1 |
| Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2. | 0 | 5.49 | 5 | 1 |
| Infections, Salmonella [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypophosphatasia A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin D-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, constipation, renal calcinosis, failure to thrive, disorders of movement, beading of the costochondral junction, and rachitic bone changes. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 7.7 | 17 | 1 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 13.34 | 49 | 5 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 18.76 | 132 | 38 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 13.34 | 49 | 5 |
| Deficiency, Pyridoxine [description not available] | 0 | 17.12 | 251 | 10 |
| 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available] | 0 | 5.48 | 6 | 0 |
| Cardiac Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 4.47 | 9 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 10.65 | 17 | 5 |
| Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities. | 0 | 4.47 | 9 | 0 |
| Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years. | 0 | 3.6 | 3 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 11.98 | 54 | 5 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 7.85 | 22 | 2 |
| Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. | 0 | 11.98 | 54 | 5 |
| Cognitive Decline [description not available] | 0 | 9.29 | 21 | 5 |
| Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 4.87 | 7 | 1 |
| Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function. | 0 | 9.29 | 21 | 5 |
| Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Bimalleolar Ankle Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. | 0 | 4.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Ankle Fractures Fractures of any of the bones of the ANKLE. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypomania [description not available] | 0 | 3.7 | 1 | 1 |
| Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available] | 0 | 4.93 | 3 | 2 |
| Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence. | 0 | 4.93 | 3 | 2 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 3 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 8.39 | 50 | 0 |
| Arterial Diseases, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 2.9 | 3 | 0 |
| Cerebral Arterial Diseases Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY. | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Leucocythaemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) | 0 | 3.19 | 6 | 0 |
| Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 2.94 | 4 | 0 |
| Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Metabolic Diseases, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Aura [description not available] | 0 | 8.42 | 43 | 1 |
| Diseases, Metabolic [description not available] | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 7.35 | 50 | 0 |
| Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) | 0 | 8.42 | 43 | 1 |
| Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 7.35 | 50 | 0 |
| Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated ( | 0 | 19.12 | 186 | 45 |
| Deficiency, Folic Acid [description not available] | 0 | 10.15 | 27 | 2 |
| Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 5.28 | 7 | 0 |
| Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN. | 0 | 7.4 | 33 | 0 |
| Folic Acid Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed) | 0 | 10.15 | 27 | 2 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS. | 0 | 5.28 | 7 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 6.35 | 17 | 0 |
| Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available] | 0 | 4.69 | 10 | 0 |
| Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves. | 0 | 6.35 | 17 | 0 |
| Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance. | 0 | 4.69 | 10 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 4.15 | 15 | 0 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 11.95 | 39 | 7 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 20.24 | 187 | 13 |
| Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 5.51 | 5 | 0 |
| Preterm Birth [description not available] | 0 | 4.46 | 6 | 0 |
| Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 12.62 | 55 | 6 |
| HIV Coinfection [description not available] | 0 | 6.78 | 8 | 1 |
| Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 1 | 0 |
| HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2. | 0 | 3.23 | 1 | 0 |
| HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | 0 | 6.78 | 8 | 1 |
| Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased. | 0 | 5.51 | 5 | 0 |
| Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION). | 0 | 4.46 | 6 | 0 |
| Anxiety Neuroses [description not available] | 0 | 5.31 | 4 | 1 |
| Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 6.19 | 4 | 3 |
| Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY. | 0 | 5.31 | 4 | 1 |
| Tourette Syndrome A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79) | 0 | 6.19 | 4 | 3 |
| Malnourishment [description not available] | 0 | 4.41 | 4 | 1 |
| Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement. | 0 | 4.41 | 4 | 1 |
| Gyrate Atrophy Progressive, autosomal recessive, diffuse atrophy of the choroid, pigment epithelium, and sensory retina that begins in childhood. | 0 | 4.56 | 8 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 4.14 | 5 | 0 |
| Cancer of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 4.29 | 6 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma. | 0 | 4.14 | 5 | 0 |
| Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 4.29 | 6 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent. | 0 | 5.75 | 7 | 1 |
| Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 4.14 | 3 | 1 |
| Job Stress [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Behavior Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 4.98 | 9 | 0 |
| Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. | 0 | 4.98 | 9 | 0 |
| Cardiac Failure [description not available] | 0 | 6.45 | 12 | 0 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 13.71 | 51 | 6 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 15.41 | 49 | 21 |
| Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 6.45 | 12 | 0 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 13.71 | 51 | 6 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 15.41 | 49 | 21 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 5.51 | 14 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 5.51 | 14 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 8.3 | 26 | 1 |
| Absence Status [description not available] | 0 | 2.98 | 4 | 0 |
| Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) | 0 | 8.3 | 26 | 1 |
| Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30) | 0 | 2.98 | 4 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 9.19 | 16 | 2 |
| Itching [description not available] | 0 | 3.79 | 3 | 0 |
| Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 9.19 | 16 | 2 |
| Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief. | 0 | 3.79 | 3 | 0 |
| Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 3.22 | 6 | 0 |
| Colitis, Mucous [description not available] | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
| Colicky Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION. | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
| Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal. | 0 | 3.12 | 4 | 0 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 4.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level. | 0 | 3.12 | 4 | 0 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 4.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Verruca [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Warts Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Lassitude [description not available] | 0 | 4.25 | 6 | 0 |
| Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. | 0 | 4.25 | 6 | 0 |
| Hyperprolactinaemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8) | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 11.42 | 32 | 4 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 11.42 | 32 | 4 |
| Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 1 | 1 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 5.98 | 3 | 3 |
| Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95) | 0 | 3.8 | 1 | 1 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 5.98 | 3 | 3 |
| Adverse Drug Event [description not available] | 0 | 6.07 | 5 | 1 |
| Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals. | 0 | 6.07 | 5 | 1 |
| Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 0 | 6.43 | 9 | 1 |
| Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 9.24 | 19 | 4 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 9.24 | 19 | 4 |
| Hepatic Porphyria [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Porphyrias, Hepatic A group of metabolic diseases due to deficiency of one of a number of LIVER enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME. They are characterized by the accumulation and increased excretion of PORPHYRINS or its precursors. Clinical features include neurological symptoms (PORPHYRIA, ACUTE INTERMITTENT), cutaneous lesions due to photosensitivity (PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA), or both (HEREDITARY COPROPORPHYRIA). Hepatic porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic tissues. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 13.14 | 35 | 7 |
| Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) | 0 | 13.14 | 35 | 7 |
| Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Postpartum Amenorrhea [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Apoplexy [description not available] | 0 | 16.57 | 64 | 27 |
| Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) | 0 | 16.57 | 64 | 27 |
| Erythema Migrans, Lingual [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Aphthae [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Cheilitis Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology. | 0 | 2.69 | 2 | 0 |
| Stomatitis, Aphthous A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742) | 0 | 4.08 | 3 | 1 |
| Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179) | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Dementia Praecox [description not available] | 0 | 9.6 | 16 | 5 |
| Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. | 0 | 9.6 | 16 | 5 |
| Deficiency, Riboflavin [description not available] | 0 | 6.32 | 5 | 1 |
| Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available] | 0 | 4.98 | 9 | 0 |
| Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease. | 0 | 4.98 | 9 | 0 |
| Pain, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 4.96 | 5 | 1 |
| Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain. | 0 | 4.96 | 5 | 1 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available] | 0 | 4.73 | 8 | 0 |
| Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA. | 0 | 4.73 | 8 | 0 |
| Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.69 | 8 | 0 |
| Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years. | 0 | 3.69 | 8 | 0 |
| Muscle Spasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Cryptogenic Infantile Spasms [description not available] | 0 | 8.39 | 15 | 2 |
| Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Spasms, Infantile An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8) | 0 | 8.39 | 15 | 2 |
| Restless Leg Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.9 | 2 | 1 |
| Restless Legs Syndrome A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep. | 0 | 3.9 | 2 | 1 |
| Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY. | 0 | 3.96 | 4 | 0 |
| Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. | 0 | 3.96 | 4 | 0 |
| Emesis [description not available] | 0 | 11.85 | 63 | 8 |
| Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses. | 0 | 11.27 | 34 | 8 |
| Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH. | 0 | 11.85 | 63 | 8 |
| Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Debility [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 2 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA. | 0 | 2.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Deafness, Transitory [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.52 | 5 | 1 |
| Day Blindness [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 5 | 0 |
| Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle. | 0 | 5.52 | 5 | 1 |
| Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears. | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 5.7 | 13 | 0 |
| Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 5.7 | 13 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 9.05 | 15 | 3 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 9.05 | 15 | 3 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 7 | 11 | 1 |
| Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 4.87 | 7 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available] | 0 | 14.41 | 42 | 12 |
| Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848) | 0 | 14.41 | 42 | 12 |
| Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants. | 0 | 2.9 | 3 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 6 | 0 |
| Asthma, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 5.51 | 5 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy. | 0 | 5.51 | 5 | 1 |
| Cholangiitis, Sclerosing [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholangitis, Sclerosing Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available] | 0 | 4.24 | 3 | 1 |
| Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms. | 0 | 4.24 | 3 | 1 |
| Cancer of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 6.22 | 13 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). | 0 | 6.22 | 13 | 0 |
| Colitis Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available] | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN. | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients. | 0 | 2.75 | 3 | 0 |
| Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma. | 0 | 2.76 | 2 | 0 |
| Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation. | 0 | 2.76 | 2 | 0 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available] | 0 | 3.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION. | 0 | 3.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Acrania [description not available] | 0 | 6.93 | 11 | 1 |
| Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41) | 0 | 6.93 | 11 | 1 |
| Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 6 | 0 |
| Abdominal Obesity [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Adult-Onset Dystonias [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77) | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| CBS Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 5.31 | 12 | 0 |
| Homocystinuria Autosomal recessive inborn error of methionine metabolism usually caused by a deficiency of CYSTATHIONINE BETA-SYNTHASE and associated with elevations of homocysteine in plasma and urine. Clinical features include a tall slender habitus, SCOLIOSIS, arachnodactyly, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, genu varus, thin blond hair, malar flush, lens dislocations, an increased incidence of MENTAL RETARDATION, and a tendency to develop fibrosis of arteries, frequently complicated by CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p979) | 0 | 5.31 | 12 | 0 |
| Dystonic Disorders Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age. | 0 | 4.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Stomach [description not available] | 0 | 4.26 | 6 | 0 |
| Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH. | 0 | 4.26 | 6 | 0 |
| Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 4 | 0 |
| Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. | 0 | 3.08 | 4 | 0 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 8.25 | 11 | 4 |
| Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available] | 0 | 3.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures. | 0 | 3.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Genome Instability [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 3 | 0 |
| Alarm Clock Headache [description not available] | 0 | 3.64 | 1 | 1 |
| Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. | 0 | 3.27 | 5 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019) | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic [description not available] | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available] | 0 | 2.78 | 3 | 0 |
| Nutritional Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage. | 0 | 3.31 | 6 | 0 |
| Blood Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Anovulation Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders. | 0 | 10.88 | 34 | 7 |
| Motor Disorders Motor skills deficits that significantly and persistently interfere with ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING appropriate to chronological age. (from DSM-5) | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Mental [description not available] | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
| Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28) | 0 | 3.34 | 7 | 0 |
| Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9) | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 5.35 | 6 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. | 0 | 5.35 | 6 | 0 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 5.39 | 13 | 0 |
| Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Astheno Teratozoospermia [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329) | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Adrenal Gland Hypofunction [description not available] | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphocytopenia [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Symptom Cluster [description not available] | 0 | 6.68 | 8 | 1 |
| Adrenal Insufficiency Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS. | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes. | 0 | 3.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Nephrosis Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA. | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex. | 0 | 6.68 | 8 | 1 |
| Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 5.97 | 9 | 1 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 6.67 | 12 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 5.97 | 9 | 1 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 6.67 | 12 | 1 |
| Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 5.69 | 10 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 11.95 | 32 | 6 |
| Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 11.95 | 32 | 6 |
| Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. | 0 | 4.64 | 6 | 0 |
| Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002) | 0 | 5.69 | 10 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available] | 0 | 3.84 | 11 | 0 |
| Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936) | 0 | 3.84 | 11 | 0 |
| Devic Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuromyelitis Optica A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Radiation [description not available] | 0 | 4.99 | 16 | 0 |
| Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat. | 0 | 6.12 | 6 | 1 |
| Anorectal Anomalies [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Optic Atrophy Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available] | 0 | 4.71 | 7 | 1 |
| Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. | 0 | 4.71 | 7 | 1 |
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 3.18 | 5 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 3.18 | 5 | 0 |
| Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914) | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Latent Tuberculosis The dormant form of TUBERCULOSIS where the person shows no obvious symptoms and no sign of the causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in the SPUTUM despite being positive for tuberculosis infection skin test. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Exanthem [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholera Infantum [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology. | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Head [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Weight Reduction [description not available] | 0 | 6.38 | 5 | 3 |
| Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651) | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT. | 0 | 6.38 | 5 | 3 |
| Avitaminosis A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 6.95 | 21 | 0 |
| Allergy, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Bone Stress Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. | 0 | 2.51 | 2 | 0 |
| Acne [description not available] | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors. | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 12.81 | 29 | 10 |
| Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Circulatory Collapse [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Autosomal Dominant Striatonigral Degeneration [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Machado-Joseph Disease A dominantly-inherited ATAXIA first described in people of Azorean and Portuguese descent, and subsequently identified in Brazil, Japan, China, and Australia. This disorder is classified as one of the SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS (Type 3) and has been associated with a mutation of the MJD1 gene on chromosome 14. Clinical features include progressive ataxia, DYSARTHRIA, postural instability, nystagmus, eyelid retraction, and facial FASCICULATIONS. DYSTONIA is prominent in younger patients (referred to as Type I Machado-Joseph Disease). Type II features ataxia and ocular signs; Type III features MUSCULAR ATROPHY and a sensorimotor neuropathy; and Type IV features extrapyramidal signs combined with a sensorimotor neuropathy. (From Clin Neurosci 1995;3(1):17-22; Ann Neurol 1998 Mar;43(3):288-96) | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Malignant Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Skin [description not available] | 0 | 2.97 | 4 | 0 |
| Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. | 0 | 2.97 | 4 | 0 |
| Genetic Predisposition [description not available] | 0 | 10.9 | 35 | 7 |
| Addison's Anemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Digestive System [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin B [description not available] | 0 | 11.51 | 45 | 4 |
| Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitamin B Deficiency A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat. | 0 | 11.51 | 45 | 4 |
| Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes. | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available] | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX. | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Porphyria [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 1 | 0 |
| Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues. | 0 | 3.23 | 1 | 0 |
| Amentia [description not available] | 0 | 9.92 | 17 | 3 |
| Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness. | 0 | 9.92 | 17 | 3 |
| Abortion, Recurrent [description not available] | 0 | 3.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available] | 0 | 3.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Abortion, Habitual Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions. | 0 | 3.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH. | 0 | 3.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Plasmodium [description not available] | 0 | 4.81 | 5 | 0 |
| Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. | 0 | 4.81 | 5 | 0 |
| Hyperlipemia [description not available] | 0 | 6.15 | 6 | 2 |
| Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. | 0 | 6.15 | 6 | 2 |
| Disease, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Burning Mouth Syndrome A group of painful oral symptoms associated with a burning or similar sensation. There is usually a significant organic component with a degree of functional overlay; it is not limited to the psychophysiologic group of disorders. | 0 | 3.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Abnormality, Heart [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Drug Refractory Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 3.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Benign Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 3.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenoma Sebaceum Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis | 0 | 3.91 | 2 | 0 |
| Agenesis of Corpus Callosum with Chorioretinal Abnormality [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsies, Myoclonic A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic. | 0 | 3.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Tuberous Sclerosis Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease. | 0 | 3.91 | 2 | 0 |
| Ambulation Difficulty [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Morning Sickness Symptoms of NAUSEA and VOMITING in pregnant women that usually occur in the morning during the first 2 to 3 months of PREGNANCY. Severe persistent vomiting during pregnancy is called HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM. | 0 | 8.72 | 9 | 2 |
| Kidney Stones [description not available] | 0 | 3.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE. | 0 | 3.11 | 5 | 0 |
| Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment. | 0 | 14.37 | 42 | 12 |
| Angor Pectoris [description not available] | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION. | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 6.39 | 8 | 0 |
| Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44) | 0 | 6.39 | 8 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 3.56 | 1 | 1 |
| Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA. | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Oxaluria, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 9.03 | 8 | 4 |
| Hyperoxaluria, Primary A genetic disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of OXALATES in urine; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; early onset of RENAL FAILURE; and often a generalized deposit of CALCIUM OXALATE. There are subtypes classified by the enzyme defects in glyoxylate metabolism. | 0 | 9.03 | 8 | 4 |
| Hypomenorrhea [description not available] | 0 | 3.85 | 2 | 1 |
| Vascular Calcification Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS. | 0 | 3.56 | 1 | 1 |
| Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available] | 0 | 12.45 | 27 | 15 |
| Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause. | 0 | 12.45 | 27 | 15 |
| Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 4 | 0 |
| Meningitis, Pneumococcal An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111) | 0 | 3.03 | 4 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.77 | 3 | 0 |
| Patent Foramen Ovale [description not available] | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Abdominal Migraine [description not available] | 0 | 6.63 | 8 | 1 |
| Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 6.63 | 8 | 1 |
| Foramen Ovale, Patent A condition in which the FORAMEN OVALE in the ATRIAL SEPTUM fails to close shortly after birth. This results in abnormal communications between the two upper chambers of the heart. An isolated patent ovale foramen without other structural heart defects is usually of no hemodynamic significance. | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Steatosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
| Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS. | 0 | 2.54 | 2 | 0 |
| CACH Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.1 | 3 | 1 |
| BH4 Deficiency [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Phenylketonurias A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952). | 0 | 3.23 | 6 | 0 |
| Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage. | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.79 | 3 | 0 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. | 0 | 2.79 | 3 | 0 |
| Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Macular Edema Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90) | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA). | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Autism [description not available] | 0 | 8.65 | 11 | 2 |
| Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V) | 0 | 8.65 | 11 | 2 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 4.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 4.12 | 5 | 0 |
| Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure) [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Choked Disk [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available] | 0 | 4.38 | 4 | 0 |
| Papilledema Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175) | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS). | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406) | 0 | 4.38 | 4 | 0 |
| Intracranial Hypertension Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 7.05 | 10 | 2 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 4.16 | 6 | 0 |
| Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 4.17 | 3 | 0 |
| Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 4.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions. | 0 | 4.83 | 4 | 0 |
| Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures. | 0 | 4.17 | 3 | 0 |
| Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.46 | 8 | 0 |
| Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 3.46 | 8 | 0 |
| Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 7.16 | 20 | 2 |
| Hyperemesis Gravidarum Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS. | 0 | 7.16 | 20 | 2 |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 8.44 | 14 | 4 |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Sore Throat [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Travel Sickness [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Miliary An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. | 0 | 8.44 | 14 | 4 |
| Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.) | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX). | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V) | 0 | 5.16 | 3 | 1 |
| Child Development Deviations [description not available] | 0 | 3.85 | 2 | 1 |
| Food Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 3.53 | 2 | 0 |
| Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed) | 0 | 3.85 | 2 | 1 |
| Hyperoxaluria Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine. | 0 | 6.23 | 7 | 1 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 4.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 4.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Acute Bacterial Prostatitis [description not available] | 0 | 4.48 | 2 | 2 |
| Prostatitis Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment. | 0 | 4.48 | 2 | 2 |
| Bladder Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Depression, Endogenous [description not available] | 0 | 4.37 | 4 | 0 |
| Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. | 0 | 4.37 | 4 | 0 |
| Psychoses [description not available] | 0 | 6.73 | 6 | 4 |
| Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994) | 0 | 6.73 | 6 | 4 |
| Convulsions, Febrile [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Seizures, Febrile Seizures that occur during a febrile episode. It is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. The majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). Complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. The likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. Complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p784) | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 3.68 | 10 | 0 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 9 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 3.68 | 10 | 0 |
| Angina Pectoris, Stable [description not available] | 0 | 8 | 5 | 5 |
| Angina, Stable Persistent and reproducible chest discomfort usually precipitated by a physical exertion that dissipates upon cessation of such an activity. The symptoms are manifestations of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 8 | 5 | 5 |
| Disbacteriosis [description not available] | 0 | 10.01 | 10 | 9 |
| Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less. | 0 | 9.99 | 10 | 10 |
| Alactasia [description not available] | 0 | 9.82 | 9 | 9 |
| Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections. | 0 | 9.99 | 10 | 10 |
| Lactose Intolerance The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired. | 0 | 9.82 | 9 | 9 |
| Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyoderma Gangrenosum An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Intertrochanteric Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 4.37 | 4 | 0 |
| Hip Fractures Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES). | 0 | 4.37 | 4 | 0 |
| Tardive Dystonia [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Tardive Dyskinesia Drug-related movement disorder characterized by uncontrollable movements in certain muscles. It is associated with a long-term exposure to certain neuroleptic medications (e.g., METOCLOPRAMIDE). | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 4.06 | 3 | 1 |
| Alcohol Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 4.48 | 9 | 0 |
| Anemia, Sideroblastic Anemia characterized by the presence of erythroblasts containing excessive deposits of iron in the marrow. | 0 | 5.21 | 20 | 0 |
| Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4) | 0 | 4.48 | 9 | 0 |
| Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Budd-Chiari Syndrome A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Sarcoidosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Consumption [description not available] | 0 | 5.58 | 18 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung. | 0 | 5.58 | 18 | 0 |
| Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431) | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Insomnia [description not available] | 0 | 4.18 | 3 | 1 |
| Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition. | 0 | 4.18 | 3 | 1 |
| Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage, Hypertensive [description not available] | 0 | 4.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Cerebral Ischemia [description not available] | 0 | 7.49 | 8 | 4 |
| Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION. | 0 | 7.49 | 8 | 4 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 6.19 | 9 | 4 |
| Hyperventilation A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Panic Attacks [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Panic Disorder A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Harelip [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Cleft Lip Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion. | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Chromosome Inversion An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Affective Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 5.5 | 3 | 1 |
| Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature. | 0 | 5.5 | 3 | 1 |
| Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemotherapy-Induced Acral Erythema [description not available] | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Hand-Foot Syndrome Chemotherapy-induced dermal side effects that are associated with the use of various CYTOSTATIC AGENTS. Symptoms range from mild ERYTHEMA and/or PARESTHESIA to severe ulcerative dermatitis with debilitating pain involving typically palmoplantar and intertriginous areas. These cutaneous manifestations are sometimes accompanied by nail anomalies. | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Celiac Sprue [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION. | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism. | 0 | 3.47 | 1 | 1 |
| Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER. | 0 | 3.47 | 1 | 1 |
| Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn [description not available] | 0 | 4.92 | 5 | 0 |
| Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Protein Folding Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero. | 0 | 4.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction. | 0 | 6.96 | 9 | 2 |
| Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Allergic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Diseases of Immune System [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Leukocyte Disorders Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Leukocytopenia [description not available] | 0 | 3.76 | 4 | 0 |
| Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000). | 0 | 3.76 | 4 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Protein [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 5.04 | 3 | 1 |
| Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS. | 0 | 5.04 | 3 | 1 |
| Cerebral Microangiopathies [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases Pathological processes or diseases where cerebral MICROVESSELS show abnormalities. They are often associated with aging, hypertension and risk factors for lacunar infarcts (see LACUNAR INFARCTION); LEUKOARAIOSIS; and CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Exfoliation Glaucoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye. | 0 | 3.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Exfoliation Syndrome The deposition of flaky, translucent fibrillar material most conspicuous on the anterior lens capsule and pupillary margin but also in both surfaces of the iris, the zonules, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, corneal endothelium, and orbital blood vessels. It sometimes forms a membrane on the anterior iris surface. Exfoliation refers to the shedding of pigment by the iris. (Newell, Ophthalmology, 7th ed, p380) | 0 | 3.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Clasp-Knife Spasticity [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Spasticity A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a free interval) followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54) | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Pneumonia [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoascorbemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Scurvy An acquired blood vessel disorder caused by severe deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) in the diet leading to defective collagen formation in small blood vessels. Scurvy is characterized by bleeding in any tissue, weakness, ANEMIA, spongy gums, and a brawny induration of the muscles of the calves and legs. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumonia, Bacterial Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Clot [description not available] | 0 | 5.47 | 8 | 0 |
| Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel. | 0 | 5.47 | 8 | 0 |
| Koch's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 5.77 | 22 | 1 |
| Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. | 0 | 10.77 | 22 | 1 |
| Poisoning, Lead [description not available] | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds. | 0 | 3.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY. | 0 | 4.95 | 4 | 2 |
| Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5) | 0 | 4.95 | 4 | 2 |
| Pott Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Adrenal Gland Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Hematologic Malignancies [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.75 | 2 | 1 |
| Bilateral Headache [description not available] | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 1 |
| Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA. | 0 | 3.75 | 2 | 1 |
| Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS. | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 1 |
| Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.79 | 3 | 0 |
| Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias. | 0 | 2.79 | 3 | 0 |
| Osteoporotic Fractures Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS. | 0 | 3.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. | 0 | 5.82 | 4 | 2 |
| Nephrolithiasis Formation of stones in the KIDNEY. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Atherogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 9.96 | 20 | 4 |
| Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. | 0 | 9.96 | 20 | 4 |
| Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 7.98 | 11 | 3 |
| Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 6.74 | 4 | 2 |
| Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE. | 0 | 7.98 | 11 | 3 |
| Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 5.52 | 7 | 0 |
| Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones. | 0 | 5.52 | 7 | 0 |
| Acute Onset Aura Migraine [description not available] | 0 | 5.66 | 3 | 2 |
| Migraine with Aura A subtype of migraine disorder, characterized by recurrent attacks of reversible neurological symptoms (aura) that precede or accompany the headache. Aura may include a combination of sensory disturbances, such as blurred VISION; HALLUCINATIONS; VERTIGO; NUMBNESS; and difficulty in concentrating and speaking. Aura is usually followed by features of the COMMON MIGRAINE, such as PHOTOPHOBIA; PHONOPHOBIA; and NAUSEA. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 5.66 | 3 | 2 |
| Pleural Effusion, Malignant Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypermelanosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Psychological Trauma An emotionally painful, shocking, stressful, and sometimes life-threatening experience. It can result from witnessing distressing events such as natural disasters, physical or sexual abuse, and terrorism or other acts of violence. (https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Body Weight, Fetal [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Low Tension Glaucoma A form of glaucoma in which chronic optic nerve damage and loss of vision normally attributable to buildup of intraocular pressure occurs despite prevailing conditions of normal intraocular pressure. | 0 | 3.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Choroid Neovascularization [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Weakness [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormal Deep Tendon Reflex [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Reflex, Abnormal An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes. | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Co-infection [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 1 | 0 |
| ADDH [description not available] | 0 | 3.29 | 6 | 0 |
| Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V) | 0 | 3.29 | 6 | 0 |
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm. | 0 | 3.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Amaurosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Cataract, Membranous [description not available] | 0 | 4.14 | 3 | 1 |
| Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 4.14 | 3 | 1 |
| Refractory Depression [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 3.59 | 3 | 0 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 3.59 | 3 | 0 |
| Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant Failure to respond to two or more trials of antidepressant monotherapy or failure to respond to four or more trials of different antidepressant therapies. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.) | 0 | 3.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Thiamine [description not available] | 0 | 4.58 | 3 | 0 |
| Thiamine Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of THIAMINE in the diet, characterized by anorexia, irritability, and weight loss. Later, patients experience weakness, peripheral neuropathy, headache, and tachycardia. In addition to being caused by a poor diet, thiamine deficiency in the United States most commonly occurs as a result of alcoholism, since ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption. In countries relying on polished rice as a dietary staple, BERIBERI prevalence is very high. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1171) | 0 | 4.58 | 3 | 0 |
| As If Personality [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Premenstrual Tension A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder. | 0 | 5.83 | 8 | 0 |
| Premenstrual Syndrome A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses. | 0 | 5.83 | 8 | 0 |
| Menstruation, Painful [description not available] | 0 | 4.75 | 2 | 0 |
| Dysmenorrhea Painful menstruation. | 0 | 4.75 | 2 | 0 |
| Skin Diseases, Vascular Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available] | 0 | 7.67 | 7 | 1 |
| Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein. | 0 | 7.67 | 7 | 1 |
| E coli Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Nephrocalcinosis A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 3.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Low Bone Density [description not available] | 0 | 3.86 | 2 | 1 |
| Calcification, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 7.66 | 5 | 4 |
| Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE. | 0 | 3.86 | 2 | 1 |
| Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues. | 0 | 7.66 | 5 | 4 |
| Avian Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Heavy Metal Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of HEAVY METALS. Acute and chronic exposures can cause ANEMIA; KIDNEY and LIVER damage; PULMONARY EDEMA; MEMORY LOSS and behavioral changes; bone deformities in children; and MISCARRIAGE or PREMATURE LABOR in pregnant women. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available] | 0 | 4.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Deafness, Sudden Complete sensorineural hearing loss which develops suddenly over a period of hours or a few days. | 0 | 3.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM. | 0 | 4.77 | 2 | 1 |
| Nodding Syndrome Unexplained neurologic condition characterized by episodes of atonic seizures, convulsions or staring spells with further cognitive decline. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Endotoxin Shock [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
| Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE. | 0 | 3.78 | 4 | 0 |
| Action Tremor [description not available] | 0 | 4.94 | 9 | 1 |
| Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE. | 0 | 4.94 | 9 | 1 |
| Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER. | 0 | 2.5 | 2 | 0 |
| Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction). | 0 | 2.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Deaf Mutism [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Athetoid Movements [description not available] | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Helicobacter [description not available] | 0 | 4.12 | 3 | 1 |
| Gastritis, Atrophic GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis. | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. | 0 | 4.12 | 3 | 1 |
| Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 6.88 | 9 | 3 |
| Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 6.88 | 9 | 3 |
| Aortic Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 7.65 | 5 | 4 |
| Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA. | 0 | 7.65 | 5 | 4 |
| Click-Murmur Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Sprains [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Sprains and Strains A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures. | 0 | 3.63 | 10 | 0 |
| Chorea Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available] | 0 | 7.86 | 5 | 5 |
| Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology. | 0 | 7.86 | 5 | 5 |
| Arterial Inflammation [description not available] | 0 | 4.62 | 3 | 2 |
| Hypospadias A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Lens Dislocation [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsies, Partial Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317) | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypercoagulability [description not available] | 0 | 5.58 | 6 | 1 |
| Dyslipidemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Thrombophilia A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS. | 0 | 5.58 | 6 | 1 |
| Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 4.34 | 7 | 0 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 4.34 | 7 | 0 |
| Arrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Familial [description not available] | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyotrophy, Thenar, Of Carpal Origin [description not available] | 0 | 9.58 | 14 | 0 |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45) | 0 | 9.58 | 14 | 0 |
| Colonic Polyps Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base. | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Congenital Limb Deformities [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available] | 0 | 5.58 | 3 | 2 |
| Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3) | 0 | 5.58 | 3 | 2 |
| Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 4.35 | 4 | 1 |
| Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 4.35 | 4 | 1 |
| Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures A condition where seizures occur in association with ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) without other identifiable causes. Seizures usually occur within the first 6-48 hours after the cessation of alcohol intake, but may occur during periods of alcohol intoxication. Single generalized tonic-clonic motor seizures are the most common subtype, however, STATUS EPILEPTICUS may occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1174) | 0 | 2.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Breathlessness [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Icterus [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Mononeuritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Mononeuropathies Disease or trauma involving a single peripheral nerve in isolation, or out of proportion to evidence of diffuse peripheral nerve dysfunction. Mononeuropathy multiplex refers to a condition characterized by multiple isolated nerve injuries. Mononeuropathies may result from a wide variety of causes, including ISCHEMIA; traumatic injury; compression; CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Impotence, Arteriogenic [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 3.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Beriberi, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 7.3 | 5 | 1 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 7.3 | 5 | 1 |
| Barrett Epithelium [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Reflux [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. | 0 | 10.72 | 19 | 7 |
| Complication, Intraoperative [description not available] | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Elevated Cholesterol [description not available] | 0 | 5.01 | 5 | 2 |
| Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population. | 0 | 5.01 | 5 | 2 |
| Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING. | 0 | 3.44 | 1 | 1 |
| Coxarthrosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis, Hip Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 2.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Seborrheica [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Seborrheic A chronic inflammatory disease of the skin with unknown etiology. It is characterized by moderate ERYTHEMA, dry, moist, or greasy (SEBACEOUS GLAND) scaling and yellow crusted patches on various areas, especially the scalp, that exfoliate as dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis is common in children and adolescents with HIV INFECTIONS. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Bone Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris. | 0 | 3.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Acute Brain Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 3.85 | 2 | 1 |
| Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. | 0 | 3.85 | 2 | 1 |
| Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available] | 0 | 9.67 | 9 | 9 |
| Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 9.67 | 9 | 9 |
| Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available] | 0 | 3.44 | 1 | 1 |
| Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. | 0 | 3.44 | 1 | 1 |
| Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy. | 0 | 4.82 | 4 | 2 |
| Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating A slowly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Clinical manifestations include weakness and sensory loss in the extremities and enlargement of peripheral nerves. The course may be relapsing-remitting or demonstrate a step-wise progression. Protein is usually elevated in the spinal fluid and cranial nerves are typically spared. GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME features a relatively rapid progression of disease which distinguishes it from this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1337) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Muscle Phosphorylase [description not available] | 0 | 3.83 | 2 | 0 |
| Glycogen Storage Disease Type V Glycogenosis due to muscle phosphorylase deficiency. Characterized by painful cramps following sustained exercise. | 0 | 3.83 | 2 | 0 |
| Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Porphyria [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Porphyria, Acute Intermittent An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of HYDROXYMETHYLBILANE SYNTHASE in the LIVER, the third enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features are recurrent and life-threatening neurologic disturbances, ABDOMINAL PAIN, and elevated level of AMINOLEVULINIC ACID and PORPHOBILINOGEN in the urine. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Chromosomal Translocation [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 10.72 | 25 | 3 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 10.72 | 25 | 3 |
| Placental Abruption [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Abruptio Placentae Premature separation of the normally implanted PLACENTA from the UTERUS. Signs of varying degree of severity include UTERINE BLEEDING, uterine MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, and FETAL DISTRESS or FETAL DEATH. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Eclampsia Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Catheter-Associated Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperthyroid [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Discitis Inflammation of an INTERVERTEBRAL DISC or disk space which may lead to disk erosion. Until recently, discitis has been defined as a nonbacterial inflammation and has been attributed to aseptic processes (e.g., chemical reaction to an injected substance). However, recent studies provide evidence that infection may be the initial cause, but perhaps not the promoter, of most cases of discitis. Discitis has been diagnosed in patients following discography, myelography, lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection, and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. Discitis following chemonucleolysis (especially with chymopapain) is attributed to chemical reaction by some and to introduction of microorganisms by others. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE. | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Rectum [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM. | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 4.97 | 3 | 1 |
| Acathisia, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 4.74 | 2 | 1 |
| Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions. | 0 | 4.97 | 3 | 1 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute [description not available] | 0 | 2.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID). | 0 | 2.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Canine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID. | 0 | 6.09 | 6 | 2 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available] | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903) | 0 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 4.11 | 3 | 1 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 4.11 | 3 | 1 |
| Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Aberrant Crypt Foci Clusters of colonic crypts that appear different from the surrounding mucosa when visualized after staining. They are of interest as putative precursors to colorectal adenomas and potential biomarkers for colorectal carcinoma. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available] | 0 | 7.68 | 7 | 4 |
| Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6) | 0 | 7.68 | 7 | 4 |
| Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Genetic Diseases, X-Chromosome Linked [description not available] | 0 | 4.08 | 16 | 0 |
| Erythrohepatic Protoporphyria [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic An autosomal dominant porphyria that is due to a deficiency of FERROCHELATASE (heme synthetase) in both the LIVER and the BONE MARROW, the last enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Clinical features include mainly neurological symptoms, rarely cutaneous lesions, and elevated levels of protoporphyrin and COPROPORPHYRINS in the feces. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Ascorbic Acid Deficiency A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177) | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Primary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperparathyroidism, Primary A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE due to parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. It is characterized by the combination of HYPERCALCEMIA, phosphaturia, elevated renal 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis, and increased BONE RESORPTION. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Pigmentary Retinopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood. | 0 | 3.46 | 1 | 1 |
| Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Artery Occlusion Sudden ISCHEMIA in the RETINA due to blocked blood flow through the CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY or its branches leading to sudden complete or partial loss of vision, respectively, in the eye. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Microsatellite Instability The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Infarct, Lacunar [description not available] | 0 | 4.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Biological Clock Disturbances [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Seasonal Affective Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Seasonal Affective Disorder A syndrome characterized by depressions that recur annually at the same time each year, usually during the winter months. Other symptoms include anxiety, irritability, decreased energy, increased appetite (carbohydrate cravings), increased duration of sleep, and weight gain. SAD (seasonal affective disorder) can be treated by daily exposure to bright artificial lights (PHOTOTHERAPY), during the season of recurrence. | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Impairment, Light Touch Sensation [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 14.86 | 30 | 3 |
| Post-Natal Depression [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Depression, Postpartum Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386) | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Labor, Premature [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 5.01 | 3 | 1 |
| Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available] | 0 | 7.02 | 6 | 2 |
| Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency. | 0 | 5.01 | 3 | 1 |
| Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART. | 0 | 7.02 | 6 | 2 |
| Cancer of the Uterus [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Adamantiades-Behcet Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Behcet Syndrome Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well. | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Developmental Psychomotor Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Sicca Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcohol-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 2.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Pink Eye [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Mucositis, Oral [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Hand Dermatosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Pellagra A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's). | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown. | 0 | 3.31 | 7 | 0 |
| Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Brachial Paresis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45) | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| EHS Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Corns [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Callosities Localized hyperplasia of the horny layer of the epidermis due to pressure or friction. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Complement Deficiencies [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Exfoliativa [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Exfoliative The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Infant Malnutrition Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.25 | 2 | 0 |
| Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA. | 0 | 3.25 | 2 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Diphtheria A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Narcosis A state of depressed CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM marked by stupor or insensibility. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA. | 0 | 4.93 | 9 | 0 |
| Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Agitation, Psychomotor [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Insulin Coma Severe HYPOGLYCEMIA induced by a large dose of exogenous INSULIN resulting in a COMA or profound state of unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Psychomotor Agitation A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES. | 0 | 3.43 | 8 | 0 |
| Infectious Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host. | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Air Sickness [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Motion Sickness Disorder caused by motion. It includes sea sickness, train sickness, roller coaster rides, rocking chair, hammock swing, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and/or dizziness. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Emesis, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Polyarthritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Appetite Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Audiogenic Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Reflex A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8) | 0 | 2.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.84 | 4 | 0 |
| Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Biotinidase Deficiency The late onset form of MULTIPLE CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY (deficiency of the activities of biotin-dependent enzymes propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) due to a defect or deficiency in biotinidase which is essential for recycling BIOTIN. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Acid-Base Imbalance Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Cramp [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Cramp A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Blepharitis Inflammation of the eyelids. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Psychoses, Alcoholic A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Anterior Optic Neuritis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Optic Neuritis Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis). | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water. | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues. | 0 | 2.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Bilirubin Encephalopathy [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Kernicterus A term used pathologically to describe BILIRUBIN staining of the BASAL GANGLIA; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM and clinically to describe a syndrome associated with HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Clinical features include athetosis, MUSCLE SPASTICITY or hypotonia, impaired vertical gaze, and DEAFNESS. Nonconjugated bilirubin enters the brain and acts as a neurotoxin, often in association with conditions that impair the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (e.g., SEPSIS). This condition occurs primarily in neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN), but may rarely occur in adults. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p613) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Duhring Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Gestational Pemphigoid [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Herpetiformis Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393) | 0 | 4.8 | 13 | 0 |
| Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Lathyrism A paralytic condition of the legs caused by ingestion of lathyrogens, especially BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE or beta-N-oxalyl amino-L-alanine, which are found in the seeds of plants of the genus LATHYRUS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Cramps [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Kwashiorkor A syndrome produced by severe protein deficiency, characterized by retarded growth, changes in skin and hair pigment, edema, and pathologic changes in the liver, including fatty infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis. The word is a local name in Gold Coast, Africa, meaning displaced child. Although first reported from Africa, kwashiorkor is now known throughout the world, but mainly in the tropics and subtropics. It is considered to be related to marasmus. (From Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Gastric Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronze Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed) | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Actinic Keratosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Keratosis, Actinic White or pink lesions on the arms, hands, face, or scalp that arise from sun-induced DNA DAMAGE to KERATINOCYTES in exposed areas. They are considered precursor lesions to superficial SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 4.02 | 3 | 1 |
| Hemosiderosis Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Heavy Menstrual Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Bleeding Between Periods [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Menorrhagia Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Metrorrhagia Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Caries, Dental [description not available] | 0 | 3.54 | 3 | 0 |
| Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp. | 0 | 3.54 | 3 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Calculosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia, Cooley's [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| beta-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Anemia, Megaloblastic A disorder characterized by the presence of ANEMIA, abnormally large red blood cells (megalocytes or macrocytes), and MEGALOBLASTS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Sebaceous Gland Diseases Diseases of the sebaceous glands such as sebaceous hyperplasia and sebaceous cell carcinoma (SEBACEOUS GLAND NEOPLASMS). | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Anemia, Macrocytic Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Achlorhydria A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Nerve Pain [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Lichen Simplex Chronicus [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed). | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Neurodermatitis An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE. | 0 | 4.67 | 2 | 1 |
| Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS). | 0 | 3.54 | 3 | 0 |
| Thalassemias [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 1 | 0 |
| Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia. | 0 | 2.85 | 1 | 0 |
| Cephalgia, Vascular [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Thrombocytopathy [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhagic Fever, Epidemic [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Platelet Disorders Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome An acute febrile disease occurring predominately in Asia. It is characterized by fever, prostration, vomiting, hemorrhagic phenonema, shock, and renal failure. It is caused by any one of several closely related species of the genus Hantavirus. The most severe form is caused by HANTAAN VIRUS whose natural host is the rodent Apodemus agrarius. Milder forms are caused by SEOUL VIRUS and transmitted by the rodents Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus, and the PUUMALA VIRUS with transmission by Clethrionomys galreolus. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Calculi [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Gallstone Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice. | 0 | 2.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Leukemia L 1210 [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Experimental Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Bodily Distress Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES). | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinosarcoma A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Toxicity [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome A symptom complex associated with CARCINOID TUMOR and characterized by attacks of severe flushing of the skin, diarrheal watery stools, bronchoconstriction, sudden drops in blood pressure, edema, and ascites. The carcinoid tumors are usually located in the gastrointestinal tract and metastasize to the liver. Symptoms are caused by tumor secretion of serotonin, prostaglandins, and other biologically active substances. Cardiac manifestations constitute CARCINOID HEART DISEASE. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysentery Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysentery, Shiga bacillus [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysentery, Bacillary DYSENTERY caused by gram-negative rod-shaped enteric bacteria (ENTEROBACTERIACEAE), most often by the genus SHIGELLA. Shigella dysentery, Shigellosis, is classified into subgroups according to syndrome severity and the infectious species. Group A: SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE (severest); Group B: SHIGELLA FLEXNERI; Group C: SHIGELLA BOYDII; and Group D: SHIGELLA SONNEI (mildest). | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary or Urinary Stones [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.8 | 4 | 2 |
| Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS. | 0 | 5.8 | 4 | 2 |
| Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysesthesia [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA. | 0 | 3.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Splenic Diseases Diseases involving the SPLEEN. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Myeloproliferative Disorders Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Primary Myelofibrosis A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Hansen Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Leprosy A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Coxsackie Virus Infections [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304) | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| HbS Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream. | 0 | 7.88 | 9 | 2 |
| Glycogenosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Glycogen Storage Disease A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalized storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement. | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) | 0 | 3.35 | 2 | 0 |
| Alcohol Abuse, Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Activated Protein C Resistance A hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). The activated form of Factor V (Factor Va) is more slowly degraded by activated protein C. Factor V Leiden mutation (R506Q) is the most common cause of APC resistance. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Antiphospholipid Syndrome The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR). | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Cleft Spine [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| 47,XX,+21 [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213) | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Pancytopenia Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical Sensitivities, Multiple [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Marfan Syndrome, Type I [description not available] | 0 | 3.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Marfan Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2. | 0 | 3.63 | 3 | 0 |
| Dissecting Vertebral Artery Aneurysm [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Lowered Platelets [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Placental Insufficiency Failure of the PLACENTA to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and OXYGEN to the FETUS. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| HELLP Syndrome A syndrome of HEMOLYSIS, elevated liver ENZYMES, and low blood platelets count (THROMBOCYTOPENIA). HELLP syndrome is observed in pregnant women with PRE-ECLAMPSIA or ECLAMPSIA who also exhibit LIVER damage and abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Segond Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA. | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Central Hypothyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukoaraiosis Non-specific white matter changes in the BRAIN, often seen after age 65. Changes include loss of AXONS; MYELIN pallor, GLIOSIS, loss of ependymal cells, and enlarged perivascular spaces. Leukoaraiosis is a risk factor for DEMENTIA and CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Bewilderment [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatosclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Scleroderma, Localized A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Pachymeningitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6) | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Tuberculosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Marasmus [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Carbohydrate Inducible Hyperlipemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV A hypertriglyceridemia disorder, often with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by the persistent elevations of plasma TRIGLYCERIDES, endogenously synthesized and contained predominantly in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). In contrast, the plasma CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS usually remain within normal limits. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Disc, Herniated [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Nearsightedness [description not available] | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Intervertebral Disc Displacement An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness. | 0 | 2.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12). | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Symmetrical Lipomatosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available] | 0 | 9.64 | 9 | 9 |
| Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005) | 0 | 9.64 | 9 | 9 |
| Developmental Coordination Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Eczema, Atopic [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergy, Food [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Branch Vein Occlusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Vein Occlusion Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypesthesia Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Pervasive Child Development Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Child Development Disorders, Pervasive Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Posterior Vitreous Detachment [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Thrombosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Variable Hypogammaglobulinemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Common Variable Immunodeficiency Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections. | 0 | 3.43 | 1 | 1 |
| Dilatation, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Abortion, Tubal [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference. | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM). | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Kawasaki Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome An acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. The principal symptoms are fever, congestion of the ocular conjunctivae, reddening of the lips and oral cavity, protuberance of tongue papillae, and edema or erythema of the extremities. | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199) | 0 | 3.42 | 1 | 1 |
| Lead Poisoning, Nervous System Injury to the nervous system secondary to exposure to lead compounds. Two distinct clinical patterns occur in children (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, CHILDHOOD) and adults (LEAD POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM, ADULT). In children, lead poisoning typically produces an encephalopathy. In adults, exposure to toxic levels of lead is associated with a peripheral neuropathy. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| HPV Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibroma, Shope [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Facial Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Auricular Syndrome of Ramsay Hunt [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Astigmatism Unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brought to a point focus on the retina but is spread over a more or less diffuse area. This results from the radius of curvature in one plane being longer or shorter than the radius at right angles to it. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Acne Rosacea [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Rosacea A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7). | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| SC Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemoglobin SC Disease One of the sickle cell disorders characterized by the presence of both hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C. It is similar to, but less severe than sickle cell anemia. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Connective Tissue Disease, Mixed [description not available] | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. | 0 | 2.91 | 1 | 0 |
| Abortion, Threatened UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA. | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Rheumatism [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |