Compounds > neodymium
Page last updated: 2024-12-06

neodymium

Description

Neodymium is a silvery-white, rare-earth metal that is found in the lanthanide series. It is not found free in nature, but is mined as part of various minerals, most commonly bastnäsite and monazite. Neodymium is extracted from these minerals through a complex process involving multiple steps, including crushing, grinding, leaching, and purification.

Neodymium is primarily used in the production of strong permanent magnets. These magnets are used in a wide variety of applications, including electric motors, wind turbines, computer hard drives, and medical imaging equipment.

Neodymium is also used in other applications such as:

* **Lasers:** Neodymium-doped lasers are used in various applications, including laser cutting, laser welding, and medical procedures.
* **Glass:** Neodymium oxide is added to glass to create a purple color and can also be used in the production of optical filters.
* **Ceramics:** Neodymium oxide is also used in the production of certain types of ceramics, such as those used in high-performance magnets and electronic devices.
* **Electronics:** Neodymium compounds are used in electronic devices, such as capacitors and transistors.

Neodymium is studied extensively due to its unique properties and diverse applications. Researchers are continually seeking new and innovative ways to utilize neodymium and its compounds in various industries. The growing demand for neodymium-based products has also led to extensive research into sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for mining and processing this rare-earth metal.'

Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID23934
CHEBI ID33372
MeSH IDM0014563

Synonyms (62)

Synonym
einecs 231-109-3
neodyme
neodym
7440-00-8
neodymium
neodymium atom
CHEBI:33372
60nd
ND ,
neodimio
neodymium, ion(nd5+)
unii-2i87u3734a
2i87u3734a ,
ec 231-109-3
neodymium, elemental
neodymium [mi]
QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
DTXSID5064677
AKOS024257639
neodymium ingot
neodymium foil, 1.0mm (0.04in) thick
neodymium rod, 12.7mm (0.5in) dia
neodymium foil, 0.3mm (0.012in) thick
neodymium foil, 0.1mm (0.004in) thick
neodymium, foil, thickness 1 mm, 99.9% (rem)
neodymium foil, 3n
neodymium ingot, 3n
neodymium chips, 3n
mfcd00011130
neodymium powder, 3n
neodymium rod, 6.35mm (0.25in) dia
neodymium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 99%
neodymium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99%
neodymium, foil, thickness 0.005 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99%
neodymium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 300 g, purity 99%
neodymium, wire reel, 200mm, diameter 1.0mm, hard, 99.9%
neodymium, rod, 50mm, diameter 6.35mm, cast, 99%
neodymium, wire reel, 100mm, diameter 1.0mm, hard, 99.9%
neodymium, wire reel, 50mm, diameter 1.0mm, hard, 99.9%
neodymium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99%
neodymium, rod, 100mm, diameter 6.35mm, cast, 99%
neodymium, lump, 25 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, purity 99%
neodymium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99%
neodymium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99%
neodymium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99%
neodymium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99%
neodymium, powder, max. particle size 250 micron, weight 10 g, purity 99.9%
neodymium, rod, 50mm, diameter 12.5mm, cast, 99%
neodymium, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.5mm, cast, 99%
neodymium, rod, 2.0 mm diameter, length 50 mm, purity 99%
neodymium, powder, max. particle size 250 micron, weight 20 g, purity 99.9%
neodymium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, purity 99%, size 25 x 25 mm
DB15318
Q1388
neodymium powder
AMY22260
neodymium ion
neodymium @ 1000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil
neodymium standard: nd @ 1000 microg/ml in 5% hno3
neodymium standard: nd @ 10000 microg/ml in 5% hno3
neodymium @ 5000 microg/g in hydrocarbon oil
neodymium - nd @ 1000 microg/ml in 5% hno3

Research Excerpts

Overview

Neodymium (Nd) is a REE that has been widely used. This study aimed to evaluate the responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis to Nd exposure.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Neodymium (Nd) is a REE that has been widely used, and this study aimed to evaluate the responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis to Nd exposure (10 µg/L), under actual (17 °C) and predicted warming conditions (21 °C), after fourteen days of exposure followed by fourteen days of recovery (without Nd), analyzing Nd accumulation, histopathological and biochemical alterations."( Can temperature influence the impacts induced in Mytilus galloprovincialis by neodymium? Comparison between exposure and recovery periods.
Coppola, F; Freitas, R; Leite, C; Pereira, E; Polese, G; Pretti, C; Queirós, V; Russo, T, 2023)		1.86

Treatment

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Neodymium-YAG laser treatment was applied to these lesions since surgery was contraindicated."( Early cancer of the stomach treated successfully with an endoscopic neodymium-YAG laser: report of a case.
Fukutomi, H; Ishii, M; Kawakita, I; Koyama, S; Miyamoto, J; Muto, H; Nakahara, A; Sakita, T; Shibata, H; Togo, J; Yamagata, S, 1981)		1.22

Toxicity

Neodymium-Yag laser photocoagulation may be used with success in the treatment of bleeding gastric lesions if the radiation is performed in shots of short duration (1 s or less)

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To determine whether a safe endotracheal tube for Nd-YAG surgery could be found, an Nd-YAG laser operating at 50 W was directed at six different endotracheal tubes that had 5 L/min of oxygen flowing through them."( What is the safest endotracheal tube for Nd-YAG laser surgery? A comparative study.
Sosis, MB, 1989)		0.28
", cell viability, lysosomal enzyme leakage, or changes in cell surface morphology, cadmium was more toxic to these cells than were the rare earth metals."( Cytotoxicity of the rare earth metals cerium, lanthanum, and neodymium in vitro: comparisons with cadmium in a pulmonary macrophage primary culture system.
Butenhoff, JL; Palmer, RJ; Stevens, JB, 1987)		0.51
" It is concluded that high power Neodymium-Yag laser photocoagulation is safe and may be used with success in the treatment of bleeding gastric lesions if the radiation is performed in shots of short duration (1 s or less)."( Safety and efficacy of Neodymium-Yag laser photocoagulation: an experimental study in dogs.
Broeckaert, L; Geboes, K; Rutgeerts, P; Vantrappen, G, 1981)		0.85
" The specific toxic effects of parylene were not examined in this present study."( In vitro cytotoxicity testing of neodymium-iron-boron magnets.
Donohue, VE; Evans, R; McDonald, F, 1995)		0.57
"International standards for the protection of the eyes from the hazards of laser radiation define a nominal ocular hazard distance as a distance beyond which an individual would not be expected to suffer any adverse biological effects."( Probabilistic laser safety: ocular damage models for Q-switched neodymium and ruby lasers.
Smith, PA, 1994)		0.53
"Endoscopic Nd: YAG laser is a useful and safe treatment for patients with bleeding due to radiation proctocolitis."( Efficacy and safety of Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of bleeding from radiation proctocolitis.
De Luca, G; Di Simone, MP; Giulietti, P; Ventrucci, M, 2001)		0.31
" Nd:YAG capsulotomy is a safe procedure in pseudophakic patients without any other ocular pathology."( [Effect of posterior neodymium:YAG capsulotomy. Safety evaluation of macular foveal thickness, intraocular pressure and endothelial cell loss in pseudophakic patients with posterior capsule opacification].
Alio, JL; Barrancos, C; Muñoz-Negrete, FJ; Ruiz-Casas, D; Ruiz-Guerrero, M, 2013)		0.71
"1 μM while being significantly less toxic to MCF-10A normal cells (IC50 = 34 μM) and in the dark (IC50 > 50 μM)."( Mitochondrial selectivity and remarkable photocytotoxicity of a ferrocenyl neodymium(III) complex of terpyridine and curcumin in cancer cells.
Banerjee, S; Hussain, A; Mukherjee, S; Sarkar, T, 2016)		0.66
" The results from the tested concentrations showed that 100 mg L(-1) Nd2O3 NPs were significantly toxic to pumpkin in term of fresh biomass, and the similar results from the bulk particles and the ionic treatments were also evident."( Tannic acid alleviates bulk and nanoparticle Nd2O3 toxicity in pumpkin: a physiological and molecular response.
Chen, G; Dhankher, OP; Ma, C; Mukherjee, A; Musante, C; White, JC; Xing, B; Zhang, J, 2016)		0.43
" Cell viability assessed by the MTT assay revealed that Nd2O3 was toxic in a dose-dependent manner, but not in a time-dependent manner."( Neodymium Oxide Induces Cytotoxicity and Activates NF-κB and Caspase-3 in NR8383 Cells.
Gao, YR; Huang, LH; Su, X; Wang, SH; Xue, HN; Yang, H, 2017)		1.9
"MTD for ESD is effective and safe when compared to C-ESD."( Efficacy and safety of an internal magnet traction device for endoscopic submucosal dissection: ex vivo study in a porcine model (with video).
Deters, JL; Dobashi, A; Gostout, CJ; Knipschield, MA; Miller, CA; Rajan, E; Storm, AC; Wong Kee Song, LM, 2019)		0.51
"Brimonidine had a similar side effect profile to the fix combination."( Comparing the effects and safety of dorzolamide hydrochloride + timolol maleate versus brimonidine after neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser capsulotomy posterior capsule opacification.
Çakmak, K; Erbil, H; Korkmaz, Ş; Mesci, C, 2022)		0.94
" In this context, this aimed to evaluate the acute toxic effects of lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd) and samarium (Sm), as both single and binary and ternary mixtures on the survival of the microcrustacean Daphnia similis."( Acute toxicity of single and combined rare earth element exposures towards Daphnia similis.
Correia, FV; Egler, SG; Giese, EC; Heidelmann, GP; Roldão, TM; Saggioro, EM; Santos, GO, 2023)		1.13

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The CO2 laser wavelength is greatly absorbed by tissue water, while the Nd:YAG laser wavelength is poorly absorbed by water or other tissue chromophores, affecting deeper the tissue."( A comparative study of pulsed Nd:YAG and CO2 laser effect on aortic valves.
Agapitos, E; Kassis, K; Kavantzas, N; Koutsouris, D; Serafetinides, A; Yova, D, 1995)		0.29
"Effects of phosphate on the exchangeable form and the bioavailability of exogenous neodymium (Nd) in soil were studied with 147Nd isotopic tracer."( [Effect of phosphate on the exchangeable form and the bioavailability of exogenous neodymium in soil].
Li, D; Peng, A; Xu, Z; Yang, J, 2001)		0.76
"7 kA m(-1) and f = 228 kHz) exhibited 26 K ≤ ΔT(max) ≤ 44 K with a maximum estimated specific absorption rate (SAR) of 225 W kg(-1)."( Properties of nanoparticles prepared from NdFeB-based compound for magnetic hyperthermia application.
Cohen, R; de Sousa, EM; Freitas, AA; Landgraf, FJ; Nagamine, LC; Périgo, EA; Silva, SC; Takiishi, H, 2012)		0.38
" Our results shed light on the mechanisms underlying the influence of DOM on the bioavailability and toxicity of NPs to terrestrial plants."( Tannic acid alleviates bulk and nanoparticle Nd2O3 toxicity in pumpkin: a physiological and molecular response.
Chen, G; Dhankher, OP; Ma, C; Mukherjee, A; Musante, C; White, JC; Xing, B; Zhang, J, 2016)		0.43
" A metal solution medium with (MS) and without EDTA and cyanocobalamin (MSq) as chelators was employed as the assay dilution water to assess REE bioavailability effects."( Acute toxicity of single and combined rare earth element exposures towards Daphnia similis.
Correia, FV; Egler, SG; Giese, EC; Heidelmann, GP; Roldão, TM; Saggioro, EM; Santos, GO, 2023)		0.91

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Comparison of the dose-response relationship of retinal damage induced by Q-switched (Q-sw) Nd:YAG lasers was conducted for rabbits and monkeys."( Experimental studies of the injurious effects of Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers and their outdoor applications.
Chen, ZL; Hu, FG; Liu, HF; Qian, HW; Shi, LS; Wang, DL; Xu, GD; Xu, JM; Zhang, GS; Zhou, SY, 1989)		0.28
" The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the feasibility of contact epicardial LPC to reach subepicardial, deep myocardial, and subendocardial regions without ventriculotomy and to analyze the dose-response relationships of this new technology."( Neodymium:YAG contact laser photocoagulation of the in vivo canine epicardium: dosimetry, effects of various lasing modes, and histology.
Chuang, CH; Kempler, P; Littmann, L; Norton, HJ; Splinter, R; Svenson, RH; Tatsis, GP; Thompson, M; Tuntelder, JR, 1993)		1.73
" The aim of this study was to establish a dose-response relationship for a percutaneous and an intraoperative system for LITT of lung tissue."( Laser-induced thermotherapy for lung tissue--evaluation of two different internally cooled application systems for clinical use.
Buhr, HJ; Frericks, B; Holmer, C; Knappe, V; Lehmann, KS; Mols, A; Ritz, JP, 2008)		0.35
" An empirical kinetic model was developed using nonlinear regression analysis to estimate the pseudo-first-order rate constant (kapp) as a function of the operational parameters, including the initial dye concentration (5-25 mg/L), doped-catalyst dosage (0."( Development of an empirical kinetic model for sonocatalytic process using neodymium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Joo, SW; Khataee, A; Saadi, S; Vahid, B, 2016)		0.67
" time, concentration, adsorbent dosage and pH."( Polymeric nanocomposites for the removal of Acid red 52 dye from aqueous solutions: Synthesis, characterization, kinetic and isotherm studies.
Azarudeen, RS; Gnanaprakasam, A; Gouthaman, A; Sivakumar, VM; Thirumarimurugan, M, 2018)		0.48
" Also, the influence of key operational parameters such as pH, temperature, initial concentration of solution, and nanophotocatalyst dosage was investigated to evaluate kinetic and thermodynamic properties."( Application of ZnO-Ag-Nd nanocomposite as a new synthesized nanophotocatalyst for the degradation of organic compounds: kinetic, thermodynamic and economic study.
Azadi, M; Borghei, SM; Hasani, AH; Olya, ME, 2019)		0.51
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Occurs in Manufacturing (2 Product(s))

Product Categories

Product CategoryProducts
Vitamins & Supplements2

Products

ProductBrandCategoryCompounds Matched from IngredientsDate Retrieved
Heaven Sent Wellgenix Balanced Essentials + Plus Liquid Vitamins Berry -- 32 fl ozHeaven SentVitamins & Supplementscitric acid, Antimony, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Kelp, Barium, Beryllium, Biotin, Bismuth, Boron, Bromide, Omega 3, Cerium, Cesium, Chromium, citric acid, Cobalt, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Fluoride, Folate, Gadolinium, Gallium, Vitamin E, Glycine, Gold, Hafnium, Histidine, Holmium, Inositol, Iodine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Lanthanum, Leucine, Calcium Carbonate, Lithium, Lutetium, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, Nickel, Niobium, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Praseodymium, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Rhenium, Riboflavin, Rubidium, Samarium, Scandium, Selenium, Serine, Silicon, Silver, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Terbium, Thallium, Thiamin, Thorium, Threonine, Thulium, Tin, Titanium, Tryptophan, Tungsten, Tyrosine, Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zirconium2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kaged Mindset Nootropic Powder Orange Mango -- 3.97 ozKagedVitamins & Supplements Citric acid, Antimony, Vitamin C, Barium, beta-carotene, Boron, Chromium, Citric acid, Cobalt, Iodine, Lanthanum, Lithium, malic acid, Manganese, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Platinum, Vitamin B6, Rubidium, Silicon, Silver, Sulfur, sucralose, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Zirconium2024-11-29 10:47:42

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
lanthanoid atom
f-block element atom
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Research

Studies (1,615)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990320 (19.81)18.7374
1990's390 (24.15)18.2507
2000's375 (23.22)29.6817
2010's395 (24.46)24.3611
2020's135 (8.36)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 62.48

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index62.48 (24.57)
Research Supply Index7.50 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.63 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index213.05 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index3.88 (0.95)

This Compound (62.48)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials101 (5.90%)5.53%
Reviews94 (5.49%)6.00%
Case Studies104 (6.07%)4.05%
Observational6 (0.35%)0.25%
Other1,408 (82.19%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		2.01104-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		2.1310ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		2.03106-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		2.6830azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		2.8940carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.		2.1310monocarboxylic acidantibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent
catechol
[no description available]		6.9410catecholsallelochemical;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		3.2760alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		4.4851tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		3.83120halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		2.9240chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		7.0210coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		3.1210monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		2.17102-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
cytosine
[no description available]		2.0310aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.1502-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		2.0210aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		2.9740alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		2.3920alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
glycolic acid
glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.		8.45112-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
primary alcohol		keratolytic drug;
metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		1.9410aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		3.0950elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.0510benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		2.0110imidazole
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		7.4520diatomic iodinenutrient
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.940alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		2.3620cyclitol;
hexol
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		10.2111metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		3.3170pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		8.5790monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid
Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.		2.7430nitrogen oxoacidprotic solvent;
reagent
hydroxide ion
[no description available]		2.0310oxygen hydridemouse metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.3110pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
parathion
[no description available]		2.4110C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.4720phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.		2.940phosphoric acidsalgal metabolite;
fertilizer;
human metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate
Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.		1.9510carboxyalkyl phosphate;
monocarboxylic acid		fundamental metabolite
phosphorylethanolamine
phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain.		2.0710phosphoethanolamine;
primary amino compound		algal metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phthalic acid
phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.		210benzenedicarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		1.9510propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
pyridoxal
[no description available]		1.9510hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		1.96102-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid
Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.		2.0510pyridinedicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
spermidine
[no description available]		1.9410polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		2.0710alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid
sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.		4.2821sulfur oxoacidcatalyst
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		2.0810methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		2.4520pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		2.0510isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,10-phenanthroline
1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases		2.7130phenanthrolineEC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
2,2'-dipyridyl
2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.		2.4420bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		210chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
oxyquinoline
Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.		7.7330monohydroxyquinolineantibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug;
iron chelator
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		2.1510adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		1.9710pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
apraclonidine
apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		8.3511dichlorobenzene;
guanidines;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
diagnostic agent;
ophthalmology drug
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		2.1310benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		3.5110aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
camphor, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		1.9910bornane monoterpenoid;
cyclic monoterpene ketone		plant metabolite
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.		2.0310quaternary ammonium ion
eucalyptol
[no description available]		3.411
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		8.3511clonidine;
imidazoline
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		1.9410piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
dibutyl phthalate
Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.		2.0510diester;
phthalate ester		EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
plasticiser;
teratogenic agent
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		2.3920pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.6730
ethylenediamine
ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.		7.6830alkane-alpha,omega-diamineGABA agonist
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		2.6101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		1.9410aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		4.0640nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
furazolidone
Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.		2.2110nitrofuran antibiotic;
oxazolidines		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
glutaral
Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.		2.0210dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		4.9342aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
hypericin
[no description available]		1.9910
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		2.0710monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		3.7821benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		1.9410aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		7.44231secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		7.5361furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
n-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		1.9910C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		2.08101,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenindione
Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)		3.0410aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		anticoagulant
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		1.9410pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		2.3520inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
prilocaine
Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		3.7821amino acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticonvulsant;
local anaesthetic
sodium fluoride
[no description available]		5.0452fluoride saltmutagen
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		2.2110
krypton
Krypton: A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs.		3.7630monoatomic krypton;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
w 7
W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist		1.9910
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		2.4120mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
thymidine
[no description available]		2.6630pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
benzimidazole
1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.		2.0710benzimidazole;
polycyclic heteroarene
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		2.4204-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
adrenochrome
Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.		1.9410indoles
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		7.9540alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		2.1510C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		2.0510aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		1.9710ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		1.9410adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		2.4220pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		5.06101ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.6530amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		2.3620adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		2.5220organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		2.110amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		6.9710aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		7.6830amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		1.9410chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		4.1331formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		6.9410amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		2.110L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alizarin
[no description available]		2.4110dihydroxyanthraquinonechromophore;
dye;
plant metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.7230erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		1.9410aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		2.2110arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
ethylene
Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges		2.3720alkene;
gas molecular entity		plant hormone;
refrigerant
acetylene
[no description available]		1.9410alkyne;
gas molecular entity;
terminal acetylenic compound
methylamine
methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.		2.0310methylamines;
one-carbon compound;
primary aliphatic amine		mouse metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.1310aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
fluorocarbon 22
[no description available]		1.9910hydrochlorofluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		3.511011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		2.8940benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		2.0510primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
isoprene
isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.		7.0610alkadiene;
hemiterpene;
volatile organic compound		plant metabolite
rhodamine b
rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.		2.3920organic chloride salt;
xanthene dye		fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome;
histological dye
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		2.1710pyrrolidin-2-ones
picric acid
picric acid: used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure. picric acid : A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		2.0510C-nitro compoundantiseptic drug;
explosive;
fixative
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		3.8321mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
proflavine
Proflavine: Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.. 3,6-diaminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.		1.9510aminoacridinesantibacterial agent;
antiseptic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
chromophore;
intercalator
benzotriazole
benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid. benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.		7.0710benzotriazolesenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
2-methyltetrahydrofuran
2-methyltetrahydrofuran: structure in first source		2.1710
4-butyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.0610butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin
melamine
melamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. melamine : A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.		2.0510triamino-1,3,5-triazinexenobiotic metabolite
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		3.411cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
pentane
Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.		2.0610alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
n-butylamine
n-butylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. butan-1-amine : A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1.		2.0510primary aliphatic amine
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		2.0310pyrrole;
secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran
oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.		2.5220cyclic ether;
oxolanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
volatile organic compound		polar aprotic solvent
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		3.811mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
2-butyne-1,4-diol
but-2-yne-1,4-diol : A butynediol that is but-2-yne substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.0310butynediol
n-dodecane
dodecane : A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger).		2.0210alkaneplant metabolite
dibenzoylmethane
dibenzoylmethane : A beta-diketone that is acetylacetone (acac) in which both methyl groups have been replaced by phenyl groups. It is a minor constituent of the root extract of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and exhibits antimutagenic and anticancer effects.		2.0210aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		antimutagen;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
vanillic acid
Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.		210methoxybenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid		plant metabolite
2,5-norbornadiene
[no description available]		1.9910
perylene
Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.		2.4420ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene;
perylenes
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.1710azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
benzoxazoles
1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.		7.05101,3-benzoxazoles;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
triethylenediamine
triethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethylenediamine : An organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.		2.110bridged compound;
diamine;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent;
tertiary amino compound		antioxidant;
catalyst;
reagent
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		2.07101,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.07101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
1,2,4-triazole
1,2,4-triazole: RN given refers to 1H-1,2,4-triazole		2.49201,2,4-triazole
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		2.0510azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
paraoxon
[no description available]		2.4110aryl dialkyl phosphate;
organophosphate insecticide		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		1.9710organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		2.1710calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		2.1510organic molecular entity
tropolone
Tropolone: A seven-membered aromatic ring compound. It is structurally related to a number of naturally occurring antifungal compounds (ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS).. tropolone : A cyclic ketone that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is a toxin produced by the agricultural pathogen Burkholderia plantarii.		2.4420alpha-hydroxy ketone;
cyclic ketone;
enol		bacterial metabolite;
fungicide;
toxin
uranyl acetate
uranyl acetate: used after fixation in uranaffin procedure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.2510
maleimide
[no description available]		2.0510dicarboximide;
maleimides		EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		2.4720dialdehydebiomarker
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		7.6730
neutral red
Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.		1.9810hydrochlorideacid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
glycylglycine
[no description available]		2.0710dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		human metabolite
malachite green
malachite green: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. malachite green : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of malachite green cation. Used as a green-coloured dye, as a counter-stain in histology, and for its anti-fungal properties in aquaculture.		2.3110organic chloride saltantibacterial agent;
antifungal drug;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
teratogenic agent
3-methoxybenzoic acid
[no description available]		210methoxybenzoic acidflavouring agent;
human urinary metabolite
dansyl chloride
dansyl chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0810aminonaphthalene;
sulfonic acid derivative
galactitol
[no description available]		7.4120hexitolEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
c.i. 42510
Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.		2.3110
ethylenediamine-n,n'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid)
ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid): synthetic iron chelator; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in 3rd source		2.0310
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		3.2560
potassium hydroxide
potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH		7.2510alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		1.9410alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide
Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.		8.6180zinc molecular entity
thorium dioxide
Thorium Dioxide: Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.		1.9410thorium molecular entity
molybdenum disulfide
[no description available]		2.110sulfide salt
bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate
Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate: The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.		2.420diarylmethane
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		2.07102-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
beta-butyrolactone
beta-butyrolactone: structure		2.0610beta-lactone
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		2.8940fluorescein isothiocyanate
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		2.6930carbon oxoanion
hepes
[no description available]		2.0310HEPES;
organosulfonic acid
dysprosium
Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.		9.6270f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
iridium
Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.		7.4120cobalt group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
lanthanum
[no description available]		5.78890f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom;
scandium group element atom
lutetium
Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.		9.26190d-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		8.2260elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		2.6730elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		3.2360chromium group element atommicronutrient
neptunium
Neptunium: A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol Np, and atomic number 93.		1.9410actinoid atom;
f-block element atom
neon
Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.		6.2361monoatomic neon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
niobium
Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.		3.83110vanadium group element atom
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		4.131metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		3.150elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
plutonium
Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.		7.7930actinoid atom;
f-block element atom
praseodymium
Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.		6.58660f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
promethium
Promethium: A radioactive element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pm, and atomic number 61. It has been used in the construction of atomic batteries, in the preparation of self-luminous compounds, and as a beta-particle source for thickness gauges.		8.1960f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		2.9240iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
samarium
Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		7.86591f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
scandium
Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.		4.3760d-block element atom;
rare earth metal atom;
scandium group element atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		8.6590copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
tantalum
Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.		2.0610vanadium group element atom
terbium
Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.		4.49240f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
thorium
Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.		3.3670actinoid atom;
f-block element atom
thulium
Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.		5.01130f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		13.85470titanium group element atom
tungsten
Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.		2.6930chromium group element atommicronutrient
americium
Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.		2.5420actinoid atom;
f-block element atom
argon
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.		12.19875monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom		food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		8.0650cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
cerium
Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.		5.32560f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.		9130chromium group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
erbium
Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.		12.62787f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
europium
Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.		5.14470f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		5.04420f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		3.2250copper group element atom;
elemental gold
hafnium
Hafnium: A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf.		2.4620titanium group element atom
helium
Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.		6.3671monoatomic helium;
noble gas atom;
s-block element atom		food packaging gas
holmium
Holmium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93.		10.47512f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
uranium
Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.		8.76110actinoid atom;
f-block element atom;
monoatomic uranium
vanadium
Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.		3.4570elemental vanadium;
vanadium group element atom		micronutrient
xenon
Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.		4.7371monoatomic xenon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
ytterbium
Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.		5.49640f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
yttrium
Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.		18.7344443d-block element atom;
rare earth metal atom;
scandium group element atom
zirconium
Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.		10.64230titanium group element atom
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		2.1110chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
barium sulfate
Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.		2.3720barium salt;
inorganic barium salt;
metal sulfate		radioopaque medium
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite		3.0950calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous
calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05		3.0950calcium phosphatefertilizer
tricalcium phosphate
tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.		3.6190calcium phosphate
lead tungstate
lead tungstate: used in Raman lasers		2.0510
tungstate
[no description available]		2.0710divalent inorganic anion;
tungsten oxoanion
silver nitrate
Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.		2.0210inorganic nitrate salt;
silver salt		astringent
calcium sulfate
Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.		2.0110calcium salt;
inorganic calcium salt
potassium sulfate
potassium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-H2SO4		2.0210inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt
zinc phosphate
zinc phosphate: RN given refers to unspecified Zn salt; see also record for ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENT RN 7779-90-0; hopeite was non-print entry term to ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENT 1982-91		2.1510
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		2.8740dihydrogen
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		3.1550diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		2.4320diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
magnesium fluoride
[no description available]		2.1510
fluorine monoxide
[no description available]		2.0310oxygen halide
deuterium oxide
Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.		2.0310deuterated compound;
water		NMR solvent
fluorosulfonic acid
perfluorosulfonic acid: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer–copolymer		2.2510sulfur oxoacidNMR solvent
molybdate ion
molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid		2.4110divalent inorganic anion;
molybdenum oxoanion		Escherichia coli metabolite
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		1.9410
tellurous acid
tellurous acid: tellurite anion inhibits oxidation of NAD-linked substrates in kidney & liver mitochondria; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.1550tellurium oxoacid
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		2.1110
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		3.78100titanium oxidesfood colouring
4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.		210chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		phenoxy herbicide
fluorides
[no description available]		7.16321halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
chromium
chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen		2.3110chromium cation;
monoatomic hexacation
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.4120benzenes;
phenyl acetates
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		1.951011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		1.9410
alkenes
[no description available]		2.0710
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.2510glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		8.811timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		2.1510taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
n,n'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-n,n'-diacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0310
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		3.4611acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid anhydride
4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid anhydride: monomer used in 4-META resin; which is used as dental resin; structure given in first source; Cover-Up II is a 4-META bases bonding agent		2.0210
loceryl
amorolfine: RN given refers to parent cpd. amorolfine : A member of the class of morpholines that is cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a racemic 2-methyl-3-[p-(2-methylbutan-2-yl)phenyl]propyl group. An inhibitor of the action of squalene monooxygenase, Delta(14) reductase and D7-D8 isomerase and an antifungal agent, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) for the topical treatment of fungal nail and skin infections.		3.6411morpholine antifungal drug;
tertiary amino compound		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.70 (Delta(14)-sterol reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.0710guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
gadolinium chloride
gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone		2.4720gadolinium coordination entityTRP channel blocker
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		4.861trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
zircon
zircon: RN given refers to Zr(+4)[1:1] salt; structure		2.0610
dolomite
calcium magnesium carbonate: mineral recommended by lay periodicals as a desirable source of calcium & magnesium, but found to be also a source of potentially toxic heavy metals		7.1710
tantalum oxide
tantalum oxide: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; used for surgical implants		2.0610
barium oxide
[no description available]		2.0210
tellurium dioxide
[no description available]		2.0710
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		2.2110hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		1.9510D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
lanthanum chloride
lanthanum chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.3970
cyclen
cyclen: macrocyclic polyamine metal-complexing agent. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane : An azacycloalkane that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.		2.0310azacycloalkane;
crown amine;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.0710organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
fluorexon
fluorexon: structure		210xanthene dyefluorochrome
chlorin
chlorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is obtained by formal hydrogenation across the 2,3-double bond of porphyrin.		2.0710
lissamine rhodamine b
lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt		2.1710
fluorophosphate
fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710fluorine molecular entity;
phosphoric acid derivative
neodymium chloride
[no description available]		4.08150
erbium chloride
[no description available]		2.0810
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		3.1350phenanthroline
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		2.8301,2,3-triazole
glycolamide
[no description available]		2.0210acetamides
losoxantrone
losoxantrone: structure given in first source		1.9910
strontium titanium oxide
[no description available]		2.0510
lanthanum trifluoride
lanthanum trifluoride: sputtered LaF3 film is used as a new MOS-type glucose sensor; RN given refers to cpd LaF3		2.7830
1-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-2-one
[no description available]		2.0510
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		2.6330iditolfungal metabolite
norcantharidin
norcantharidin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpds without isomeric designation		2.4420furofuran
titanium nitride (tin)
titanium nitride: RN given refers to unspecified MF		2.4920
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		5.87231cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
yttrium radioisotopes
Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.		2.8940
vitamin b 6
Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.		2.0710
silicon phthalocyanine pc4
[no description available]		2.3110
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source. DOTA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 of a twelve-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.		2.0510azamacrocyclechelator;
copper chelator
niobium pentoxide
[no description available]		2.9940
ribulose-1,5 diphosphate
ribulose-1,5 diphosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate : A ribulose phosphate that is D-ribulose attached to phosphate groups at positions 1 and 5. It is an intermediate in photosynthesis.		2.0310ribulose phosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
c & b metabond
Super-bond: an adhesive resin composed of 4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic anhydride (4-META), methylmethacrylates (MMA) and tri-n-butylborane (TBB)		2.0210
1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol
1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol: irreversibly inactivates the dihydroalprenolol binding site; alprenolol analog; isopropylamino group of alprenolol replaced by 8-bromoacetylamino-1-amino-p-menthane moiety in the 1 position; structure given in first source		2.610
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		7.0710methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
gallium oxide
gallium oxide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.5220
neodymium oxide
neodymium oxide: has antineoplastic activity		4.25160
yttria
yttria: molecular formula Y2-O3		3.1750
calcium aluminate
[no description available]		2.5120
samarium oxide
[no description available]		2.0510
potassium titanylphosphate
[no description available]		6.1790
singlet oxygen
Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.		7.5520chalcogen;
monoatomic oxygen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
zirconium phosphate
zirconium phosphate: reagent for carcinoembryonic antigen determination in plasma from patients having benign or malignant disease; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified ratio		7.1110
neodymium pyrocatechin disulfonate
neodymium pyrocatechin disulfonate: rare earth metal complex		1.9610
cerous chloride
cerous chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeCl3		2.7530cerium coordination entity
beta-cyclodextrin-benzaldehyde
beta-cyclodextrin-benzaldehyde: cyclodextrin compd. with benzaldehyde		1.9410
calcium pyrophosphate
[no description available]		3.0950
tetraphenylphosphonium
tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.		6.9210heteroorganic entity;
phosphorus molecular entity;
polyatomic cation
lanthanum carbonate
lanthanum carbonate: a phosphate binder used for hyperphosphatemia treatment in end-stage renal disease		2.0310
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.0510biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-butene-1,4-diol
penitricin C: metabolite of penitricin; structure given in first source		2.0310
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		2.610divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
albaconazole
albaconazole: UR-9825 is the (1R,2R)-isomer; structure in first source		2.1710
lithium fluoride
lithium fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-F; GR200-A is LiF activated by Mg, Cu, and P		6.9810
sodium sulfide
sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae		2.420
6-hydroxyquinolinic acid
6-hydroxyquinolinic acid: structure in first source		2.0510
povidone-iodine
Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.		3.4111
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.4720inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		2.6430peptide
bradykinin
[no description available]		1.9410oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		2.6630D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
ochratoxin a
ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.		2.3110isochromanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acyl-L-phenylalanine;
organochlorine compound;
phenylalanine derivative		Aspergillus metabolite;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
mycotoxin;
nephrotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		1.9410cyclodextrin
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		1.9910butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.1310octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
efinaconazole
efinaconazole: an antifungal agent; structure in first source. efinaconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is butan-2-ol which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 3 by 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, and 4-methylenepiperidin-1-yl groups, respectively (the 2R,3R stereoisomer). It is an antifungal drug used for the topical treatment of onychomycosis (a nail infection caused mainly by dermatophytes).		2.1710conazole antifungal drug;
olefinic compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
triazole antifungal drug		EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		3.9911flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		2.0410one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
sodium perchlorate
sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions.		2.0210inorganic sodium salt
pyrophosphate
Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.		7.3520diphosphate ion
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		1.9810oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		7.1310aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
thiosemicarbazide
thiosemicarbazide: glutamate decarboxylase antagonist; structure given in first source. hydrazinecarbothioamide : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which a hydrogen of one of the amino groups is replaced by an amino group.		2.0610hydrazines;
thiocarboxamide;
thioureas
ferric ferrocyanide
ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure		2.2110
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)		2.2110
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		8.4370alkali metal atom
calixarenes
Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.		2.0610
bilirubin
[no description available]		1.9410biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		1.9710prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		3.4611disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
7-hydroxycoumarin
7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.		2.0410hydroxycoumarinfluorescent probe;
food component;
plant metabolite
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		2.7230hydrochloride
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		8.811sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		1.9510morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		2.3110antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
gamma-cyclodextrin
gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.		2.1510cyclodextrin
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		8.4411monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
cloprostenol
Cloprostenol: A synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analog. The compound has luteolytic effects and is used for the synchronization of estrus in cattle.		3.4411prostanoid
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.		10.26160carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom		neurotoxin
tin
[no description available]		2.7130carbon group element atom;
elemental tin;
metal atom		micronutrient
antimony
Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.		2.0510metalloid atom;
pnictogen
cesium
Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.		2.7230alkali metal atom
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		8.68100alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
rubidium
Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.		2.3720alkali metal atom
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		14.5713210boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
strontium
Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.		4.01140alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth
Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.		5.15101metal atom;
pnictogen
thallium
Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).		7.1510boron group element atom
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.8330metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
gallium
Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.		9.5170boron group element atom
beryllium
Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.		5.8183alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental beryllium;
metal allergen		adjuvant;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope
acetyl acetonate
[no description available]		2.0310
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.0610cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
silicon
Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].		4.5251carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		3.3870monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
boron
Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.		6.72531boron group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
triolein
Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.		1.9510triglycerideCaenorhabditis elegans metabolite;
plant metabolite
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.		2.1110cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.		2.0310ammonium salt;
inorganic sulfate salt		fertilizer
barium titanate(iv)
barium titanate(IV): RN given refers to parent cpd		2.5120
germanium
Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.		1.9810carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
tellurium
Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.		3.6490chalcogen;
metalloid atom
radium
Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.		1.9710alkaline earth metal atom
tytin
tytin: composed of Ag, Cu, Sn		210
bafilomycin a1
bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.		2.0210cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide antibiotic;
oxanes		apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
fungicide;
potassium ionophore;
toxin
ytterbium trichloride
ytterbium trichloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. ytterbium(III) chloride : The trichloride salt of ytterbium(III).		2.0810inorganic chlorideNMR shift reagent
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		2.0810aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
psd 502
Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination: A topical local anesthetic preparation that is composed of a mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine. It is used to provide anesthesia during minor surgery and for the treatment of PREMATURE EJACULATION.		3.7821
aluminum oxide
Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.		12.85192
ribose
ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.		2.0110D-ribose;
ribopyranose
brimonidine tartrate
Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		4.4822
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		2.0110
enerbol
Life: The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)		2.0510
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		1.9710
erythrosine
Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.		2.0310
lithium borate
lithium borate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li2-B4O7; structure		2.4620borate salts
hypocrellin a
hypocrellin A: isolated from fungus Hypocrella bambusae sacc		2.1310
jaw
[no description available]		2.0210indolecarboxamide
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		1.9410organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.1110
tannins
Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.		2.5720
perovskite
calcium titanate : A calcium salt with the formula CaTiO3, generally obtained in the form of the mineral perovskite.		3.0240
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		3.96401,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		2.4620chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
sodium salicylate
[no description available]		1.9410organic molecular entity
chitosan
[no description available]		3.3460
lithium niobate
[no description available]		2.9840
sodium hypochlorite
Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.		5.0452inorganic sodium saltbleaching agent;
disinfectant
methyl orange
methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds		2.2110
chiniofon
Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.		2.0710
s-adenosylmethionine
(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.		1.9510organic cation;
sulfonium compound		coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
egg white
Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		2.0110
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.2110
chondroitin
Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		1.9410
lanthanide nitrate
[no description available]		2.0310
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		1.9410ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		2.3720
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		3.821
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		2.0210monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		3.0410hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		7.0210C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		440benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
whitlockite
whitlockite: structure; used to coat metal implants		8.1410
clay
Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.		1.9810
gluma
Gluma: bonding agent; aqueous solution of hydroxyethylmethacrylate & glutaral		2.0210
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.110
bismuth titanate
[no description available]		2.0710
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.		1.9910
aqua regia
aqua regia: mixture of hydrochloric & nitric acids		7.1510
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		2.6330
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		2.3520
guanosine monophosphate
Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		1.9810guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		2.0110guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
inosinic acid
Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.		1.9810inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		2.2510folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		2.2110N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
cyanine dye 3
cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source		2.1110
eye
[no description available]		8.0650
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		1.9610
trypsinogen
Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)		7.3520
formocresol
formocresol: preferred agent for performing pulpotomies in primary teeth		3.8221
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
[description not available]		07.4420
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic
An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.		02.4420
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		08.15196
Hypermelanosis
[description not available]		06.87155
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.		011.87155
Capsule Opacification
Clouding or loss of transparency of the posterior lens capsule, usually following CATARACT extraction.		06.0793
Glaucoma, Suspect
[description not available]		05.2462
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		08.23194
Ocular Hypertension
A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.		05.2462
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.9130
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		02.3110
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		02.3110
Ache
[description not available]		06.1462
Verruca
[description not available]		06.453
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		06.1462
Warts
Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.		011.453
Dyspareunia
Recurrent genital pain occurring during, before, or after SEXUAL INTERCOURSE in either the male or the female.		07.4110
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic
An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously.		04.2120
Keloid
A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.		07.2961
Acne
[description not available]		06.6163
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		011.6163
Leg Length Inequality
A condition in which one of a pair of legs fails to grow as long as the other, which could result from injury or surgery.		03.3310
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.46150
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		05.46150
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		05.25121
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		05.25121
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		06.13111
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		06.13111
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		010.4451
Anterior Urethral Stricture
[description not available]		05.8991
Urethral Stricture
Narrowing of any part of the URETHRA. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms.		05.8991
Mole, Skin
[description not available]		02.610
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		07.99202
Hypertrichosis
Excessive hair growth at inappropriate locations, such as on the extremities, the head, and the back. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors, and is an androgen-independent process. This concept does not include HIRSUTISM which is an androgen-dependent excess hair growth in WOMEN and CHILDREN.		03.6430
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		07.99202
Hypomelanosis
[description not available]		06.1643
Spider Veins
[description not available]		010.9291
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		05.6941
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		05.0131
Telangiectasis
Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.		05.9291
Hypopigmentation
A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.		06.1643
Foreign Bodies
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.		05.03150
Chest Injuries
[description not available]		02.4420
Abdominal Injuries
General or unspecified injuries involving organs in the abdominal cavity.		03.420
Intestinal Perforation
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.		02.8130
Central Retinal Edema, Cystoid
[description not available]		02.7530
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		09.21334
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment
[description not available]		04.5190
Macular Edema
Fluid accumulation in the outer layer of the MACULA LUTEA that results from intraocular or systemic insults. It may develop in a diffuse pattern where the macula appears thickened or it may acquire the characteristic petaloid appearance referred to as cystoid macular edema. Although macular edema may be associated with various underlying conditions, it is most commonly seen following intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, DIABETIC RETINOPATHY, and posterior segment inflammatory disease. (From Survey of Ophthalmology 2004; 49(5) 470-90)		02.7530
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		09.21334
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).		04.5190
Hyperidrosis
[description not available]		03.9911
Hyperhidrosis
Excessive sweating. In the localized type, the most frequent sites are the palms, soles, axillae, inguinal folds, and the perineal area. Its chief cause is thought to be emotional. Generalized hyperhidrosis may be induced by a hot, humid environment, by fever, or by vigorous exercise.		08.9911
Hemangioma, Capillary
A dull red, firm, dome-shaped hemangioma, sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually located on the head and neck, which grows rapidly and generally undergoes regression and involution without scarring. It is caused by proliferation of immature capillary vessels in active stroma, and is usually present at birth or occurs within the first two or three months of life. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.4620
Nevus Flammeus
[description not available]		02.7430
Port-Wine Stain
A vascular malformation of developmental origin characterized pathologically by ectasia of superficial dermal capillaries, and clinically by persistent macular erythema. In the past, port wine stains have frequently been termed capillary hemangiomas, which they are not; unfortunately this confusing practice persists: HEMANGIOMA, CAPILLARY is neoplastic, a port-wine stain is non-neoplastic. Port-wine stains vary in color from fairly pale pink to deep red or purple and in size from a few millimeters to many centimeters in diameter. The face is the most frequently affected site and they are most often unilateral. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 5th ed, p483)		07.7430
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		03.1410
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.6920
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		03.1410
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		07.6920
Varices
[description not available]		02.4420
Varicose Veins
Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.		02.4420
Biliary Calculi
[description not available]		02.6620
Gallstones
Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.		02.6620
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		06.23192
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		04.7671
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		05.0331
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		011.23192
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		04.7671
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		05.0331
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.4980
Blood Clot
[description not available]		03.9130
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		03.4980
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		03.9130
Coronary Restenosis
Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.		02.6620
Nail Fungus
[description not available]		06.9252
Onychomycosis
A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS.		06.9252
Acute Post-operative Pain
[description not available]		06.02101
Pain, Postoperative
Pain during the period after surgery.		06.02101
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.1150
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		09.1931
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		04.1931
Nail Diseases
Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.		02.730
Harelip
[description not available]		02.3110
Cleft Palate, Isolated
[description not available]		02.3110
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		02.3110
Cleft Lip
Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.		02.3110
Cleft Palate
Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.		02.3110
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.9240
Foreign-Body Reaction
Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.		02.2510
Scoliosis
An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.2510
Nevus of Ota
A macular lesion on the side of the FACE, involving the CONJUNCTIVA and EYELIDS, as well as the adjacent facial skin, SCLERA; OCULOMOTOR MUSCLES; and PERIOSTEUM. Histological features vary from those of a MONGOLIAN SPOT to those of a BLUE NEVUS.		05.3572
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		03.3620
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		03.3620
Arteriovenous Malformations
Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas.		02.9340
Parodontosis
[description not available]		07.35141
Periodontal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.		07.35141
Bile Duct Diseases
Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.		02.3110
Gallstone Disease
[description not available]		04.341
Cholelithiasis
Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).		04.341
Acne Inversa
[description not available]		02.4110
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
A chronic suppurative and cicatricial disease of the apocrine glands occurring chiefly in the axillae in women and in the groin and anal regions in men. It is characterized by poral occlusion with secondary bacterial infection, evolving into abscesses which eventually rupture. As the disease becomes chronic, ulcers appear, sinus tracts enlarge, fistulas develop, and fibrosis and scarring become evident.		07.4110
Cyst
[description not available]		02.9540
Smear Layer
Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micron thick and its composition reflects the underlying dentin, although different quantities and qualities of smear layer can be produced by the various instrumentation techniques. Its function is presumed to be protective, as it lowers dentin permeability. However, it masks the underlying dentin and interferes with attempts to bond dental material to the dentin.		06.6193
Chloasma
[description not available]		04.8171
Melanosis
Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.		04.8171
Macular Holes
[description not available]		02.9940
Retinal Perforations
Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes.		02.9940
Pericementitis
[description not available]		06.57115
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		06.57115
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		06.48161
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		06.48161
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		04.68110
Complication, Intraoperative
[description not available]		03.4980
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		04.68110
Halo Nevi
[description not available]		02.1710
Margins of Excision
The edges of tissue removed in a surgery for assessment of the effectiveness of a surgical procedure in achieving the local control of a neoplasm and the adequacy of tumor removal. When the margin is negative or not involved by tumor (e.g., CANCER) it suggests all of the tumor has been removed by the surgery.		02.2110
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians
[description not available]		04.6161
Day Blindness
[description not available]		02.9340
Prosthesis Durability
[description not available]		02.2110
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.2110
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		04.19170
Mucositis
An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).		02.110
Dental Leakage
The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration.		05.27121
Caries, Dental
[description not available]		06.74122
Dental Caries
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.		06.74122
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		06.05271
Pocket, Periodontal
[description not available]		08.28168
Periodontal Pocket
An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.		08.28168
Pseudophakia
Presence of an intraocular lens after cataract extraction.		02.0810
Asymptomatic Conditions
[description not available]		02.0810
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		02.7130
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.0810
Abscess, Abdominal
[description not available]		02.0810
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		02.0810
Abdominal Abscess
An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0810
Occupational Injuries
Injuries sustained from incidents in the course of work-related activities.		02.110
Injuries, Eye
[description not available]		03.5890
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		09.8881
Eye Injuries
Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.		03.5890
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		03.8140
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
[description not available]		05.0760
Glaucoma, Open-Angle
Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.		05.0760
Airway Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.		03.690
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		04140
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		04.97150
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		04140
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		04.97150
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		03.8221
Fungal Diseases
[description not available]		02.1110
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		03.8221
Mycoses
Diseases caused by FUNGI.		02.1110
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		02.1110
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		02.1110
Linear Skull Fracture
[description not available]		02.1110
Acne Rosacea
[description not available]		02.1110
Rosacea
A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7).		07.1110
Acquired Vocal Cord Palsy
[description not available]		02.4120
Vocal Cord Paralysis
Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, the VAGUS NERVE and branches of LARYNGEAL NERVES. Common symptoms are VOICE DISORDERS including HOARSENESS or APHONIA.		02.4120
Elephantiasis Neuromatosis
[description not available]		02.1310
Neurofibroma, Plexiform
A type of neurofibroma manifesting as a diffuse overgrowth of subcutaneous tissue, usually involving the face, scalp, neck, and chest but occasionally occurring in the abdomen or pelvis. The tumors tend to progress, and may extend along nerve roots to eventually involve the spinal roots and spinal cord. This process is almost always a manifestation of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016; J Pediatr 1997 Nov;131(5):678-82)		02.1310
Recrudescence
[description not available]		07.94185
Xanthoma
[description not available]		03.5311
Eyelid Diseases
Diseases involving the EYELIDS.		03.5311
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		03.4311
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		03.4311
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		03.4311
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		03.4311
Pilonidal Cyst
[description not available]		02.4220
Pilonidal Sinus
A hair-containing cyst or sinus, occurring chiefly in the coccygeal region.		02.4220
Ventral Hernia
[description not available]		02.0510
Hernia, Ventral
A hernia caused by weakness of the anterior ABDOMINAL WALL due to midline defects, previous incisions, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Ventral hernias include UMBILICAL HERNIA, incisional, epigastric, and spigelian hernias.		02.0510
Dentin Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		09.07209
Atrophy of Gingiva
[description not available]		02.0510
Demineralization, Tooth
[description not available]		02.9340
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.4620
Adolescent Gynecomastia
[description not available]		02.0510
Gynecomastia
Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males.		02.0510
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.0510
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		02.0510
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		07.0510
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		02.0510
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.0510
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.0510
Cancer of Penis
[description not available]		04.590
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		06.64112
Penile Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.		04.590
Cancer of the Urinary Tract
[description not available]		03.3420
Facial Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.		04.6560
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.		05.9852
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		07.57132
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		04.0150
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		07.57132
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		06.0261
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		02.4820
Anuria
Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.		02.0710
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		02.0710
Emesis
[description not available]		02.0710
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		02.0710
Ileal Diseases
Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.		02.0710
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula
[description not available]		02.0710
Cecal Diseases
Pathological developments in the CECUM.		02.0710
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		02.0710
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		02.0710
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		02.0710
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		02.0710
Glaucoma, Angle Closure
[description not available]		04.7421
Glaucoma, Angle-Closure
A form of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure increases because the angle of the anterior chamber is blocked and the aqueous humor cannot drain from the anterior chamber.		04.7421
Diastema
An abnormal opening or fissure between two adjacent teeth.		02.0710
Hives
[description not available]		02.9210
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		02.9210
Skin Aging
The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.		05.5663
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		02.0110
Corneal Diseases
Diseases of the cornea.		02.4120
Calculus, Dental
[description not available]		03.3911
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		04.9931
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		04.9931
Barrett Epithelium
[description not available]		02.420
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		04.91140
Barrett Esophagus
A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.		02.420
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		04.91140
Mouth Diseases
Diseases involving the MOUTH.		05.8660
Mucocele
A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, or gallbladder. (Stedman, 26th ed)		02.0110
Attachment Loss, Periodontal
[description not available]		03.6230
Genital Warts
[description not available]		04.6161
Urethral Diseases
Pathological processes involving the URETHRA.		07.3920
Condylomata Acuminata
Sexually transmitted form of anogenital warty growth caused by the human papillomaviruses.		04.6161
Impotence
[description not available]		03.7921
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		07.71171
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		03.7921
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		012.71171
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		01.9310
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		01.9310
Hemoglobinuria
The presence of free HEMOGLOBIN in the URINE, indicating hemolysis of ERYTHROCYTES within the vascular system. After saturating the hemoglobin-binding proteins (HAPTOGLOBINS), free hemoglobin begins to appear in the urine.		01.9310
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		02.3420
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		02.3420
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.3420
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		02.3420
Granulomas
[description not available]		01.9310
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		01.9310
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		02.3520
Hepatitis, Infectious
[description not available]		01.9310
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		01.9310
Hepatitis A
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.		01.9310
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		02.3520
Anasarca
[description not available]		03.75110
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		08.75110
Pink Eye
[description not available]		01.9410
Focal Neurologic Deficits
[description not available]		01.9410
Palsy
[description not available]		01.9410
Conjunctivitis
INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.		01.9410
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		01.9410
Skin Manifestations
Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.		01.9410
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.3620
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		02.3620
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		08.89130
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		02.3420
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		01.9410
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		03.89130
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		02.3420
Bleb
[description not available]		02.3620
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented
[description not available]		01.9410
Angioma
A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.		04.76120
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		03.2160
Carcinoma, Basal Cell
A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)		01.9410
Hemangioma
A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)		04.76120
Vitiligo
A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.		01.9410
Carcinoma, Brown-Pearce
A transplantable EPITHELIAL CELL neoplasm of rabbits.		02.3420
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.		01.9310
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).		01.9310
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		02.4120
Hemorrhage, Retinal
[description not available]		03.2260
Scotoma
A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions.		02.4120
Facial Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the FACE.		06.7383
Sycosis
[description not available]		0531
Folliculitis
Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.		0531
Actinomyces Infections
[description not available]		02.0210
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		02.0210
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		02.0210
Wounds, Penetrating
Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.		02.0210
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		03.821
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		03.821
Scalp Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the SCALP.		02.0210
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		03.8340
Nevi, Melanocytic
[description not available]		03.630
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		03.8340
Nevus, Pigmented
A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.		03.630
Urethral Obstruction
Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void.		02.4120
Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.		07.0210
Periodontitis, Acute Nonsuppurative
[description not available]		04.341
Periapical Periodontitis
Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS.		04.341
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.		02.0210
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		04.4751
Colonic Polyps
Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		02.3920
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		04.4751
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		03.2920
Angiokeratoma
A vascular, horny neoplasm of the skin characterized by TELANGIECTASIS and secondary epithelial changes including acanthosis and hyperkeratosis.		02.4120
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		04.9790
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		07.14151
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		04.9790
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		012.14151
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		03.2360
Hypopharyngeal Cancer
[description not available]		02.0210
Cancer of Oropharnyx
[description not available]		02.0210
Tracheal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the TRACHEA.		010.37140
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the HYPOPHARYNX.		02.0210
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.		02.0210
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.0210
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.0210
Petechiae
Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.		02.730
Purpura
Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is		02.730
Bleeding
[description not available]		03.5890
Antral Vascular Ectasia
[description not available]		07.0310
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		03.5890
Facial Injuries
General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.		02.0310
Tooth Fractures
Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.		04.6461
Dental Pulp Disease
[description not available]		04.0831
Dental Pulp Diseases
Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root.		04.0831
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		02.8940
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		02.8940
Gargoylism, Hunter Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Mucopolysaccharidosis II
Systemic lysosomal storage disease marked by progressive physical deterioration and caused by a deficiency of L-sulfoiduronate sulfatase. This disease differs from MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS I by slower progression, lack of corneal clouding, and X-linked rather than autosomal recessive inheritance. The mild form produces near-normal intelligence and life span. The severe form usually causes death by age 15.		02.0310
Angiomatosis Oculoorbital-Thalamic Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Sturge-Weber Syndrome
A non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. It is characterized by facial vascular nevi (PORT-WINE STAIN), and capillary angiomatosis of intracranial membranes (MENINGES; CHOROID). Neurological features include EPILEPSY; cognitive deficits; GLAUCOMA; and visual defects.		02.0310
Gingival Overgrowth
Excessive growth of the gingiva either by an increase in the size of the constituent cells (GINGIVAL HYPERTROPHY) or by an increase in their number (GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA). (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p574)		02.0310
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		02.0310
Root Resorption
Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.730
Periapical Diseases
Diseases of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE surrounding the root of the tooth, which is distinguished from DENTAL PULP DISEASES inside the TOOTH ROOT.		02.0310
Dentin, Secondary
Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.		02.4120
Exposure, Dental Pulp
[description not available]		02.4220
Dental Pulp Exposure
The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment.		02.4220
Kidney Stones
[description not available]		02.0310
Kidney Calculi
Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.		02.0310
Neuroma
A tumor made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0410
Mandibular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.		02.0310
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis
[description not available]		02.0410
Neurofibromatosis 1
An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).		02.0410
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0310
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		03.4880
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.0310
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		03.4880
Adult Periodontitis
[description not available]		03.4311
Bowel Incontinence
[description not available]		02.420
Fecal Incontinence
Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.		02.420
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		02.0310
Radius Fractures
Fractures of the RADIUS.		02.0310
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		02.0310
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		02.3820
A-V Dissociation
[description not available]		02.3820
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		02.3820
Adenocystic Carcinoma
[description not available]		01.9610
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		01.9610
Metastase
[description not available]		02.3520
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic
Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9610
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		01.9610
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		02.3520
ENT Diseases
[description not available]		04.5940
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		01.9610
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		01.9610
Genito-urinary Cancer
[description not available]		03.7720
Urinary Tract Diseases
[description not available]		03.7940
Urogenital Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.		03.7720
Cancer of the Ureter
[description not available]		02.6530
Ureteral Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the URETER which may cause obstruction leading to hydroureter, HYDRONEPHROSIS, and PYELONEPHRITIS. HEMATURIA is a common symptom.		02.6530
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		04.660
Neoplasms, Bronchial
[description not available]		05.2990
Female Genital Diseases
[description not available]		02.8810
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		02.8810
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		04.660
Bronchial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.		05.2990
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		02.8810
Genital Diseases, Female
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		02.8810
Tracheal Stenosis
A pathological narrowing of the TRACHEA.		09.1460
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		04.9791
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		04.9791
Diseases of Immune System
[description not available]		01.9610
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		01.9610
Peliosis Hepatis
A vascular disease of the LIVER characterized by the occurrence of multiple blood-filled CYSTS or cavities. The cysts are lined with ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; the cavities lined with hepatic parenchymal cells (HEPATOCYTES). Peliosis hepatis has been associated with use of anabolic steroids (ANABOLIC AGENTS) and certain drugs.		01.9610
Immune System Diseases
Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.		01.9610
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		01.9610
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		04.7570
Biliary Tract Diseases
Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.		01.9610
Iris Diseases
Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris.		02.6630
Aphakia, Postcataract
Absence of the crystalline lens resulting from cataract extraction.		02.3720
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		04.4551
HbS Disease
[description not available]		01.9610
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		01.9610
Gastric Diseases
[description not available]		02.3720
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		05.38230
Urinary Calculi
Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.		02.3820
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		02.8640
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		04.9791
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		04.9791
Esophageal Varices
[description not available]		03.7521
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer
[description not available]		05.8893
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).		03.7521
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		08.2160
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		03.2160
Cancer of Eye
[description not available]		01.9510
Uveal Diseases
Diseases of the uvea.		02.3720
Choroid Neoplasms
Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).		01.9510
Adhesions, Tissue
[description not available]		03.0750
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		02.3720
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9610
Cafe-au-Lait Spots
Light brown pigmented macules associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS and Albright's syndrome (see FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).		03.3711
Esophagotracheal Fistula
[description not available]		01.9810
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		01.9810
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		01.9810
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		01.9810
Centriacinar Emphysema
[description not available]		02.6830
Angiodysplasia
Acquired degenerative dilation or expansion (ectasia) of normal BLOOD VESSELS, often associated with aging. They are isolated, tortuous, thin-walled vessels and sources of bleeding. They occur most often in mucosal capillaries of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT leading to GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE and ANEMIA.		02.3920
Prostatic Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues.		01.9810
Lymphatic Vessel Tumors
Neoplasms composed of lymphoid tissue, a lattice work of reticular tissue the interspaces of which contain lymphocytes. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in lymphatic vessels.		02.910
Cardiac Complex, Premature
[description not available]		01.9810
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		01.9810
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		01.9810
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial
[description not available]		04.0631
Carcinoma in Situ
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.		04.0631
Lentigines
[description not available]		03.7821
Lentigo
Small circumscribed melanoses resembling, but differing histologically from, freckles. The concept includes senile lentigo ('liver spots') and nevoid lentigo (nevus spilus, lentigo simplex) and may also occur in association with multiple congenital defects or congenital syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome).		03.7821
Dental Fissure
[description not available]		02.6830
Cancer of Lip
[description not available]		01.9810
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		03.3711
Adenoma, Villous
An adenoma of the large intestine. It is usually a solitary, sessile, often large, tumor of colonic mucosa composed of mucinous epithelium covering delicate vascular projections. Hypersecretion and malignant changes occur frequently. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.7721
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		03.3711
Angioma, Cavernous
A tumor-like mass with large vascular space that is filled with blood or lymph.		02.6730
Teeth, Unerupted
[description not available]		03.7821
Conductive Hearing Loss
[description not available]		01.9810
Keratosis, Oral
[description not available]		03.3120
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		05.5360
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		04.5130
Leukoplakia, Oral
A white patch seen on the oral mucosa. It is considered a premalignant condition and is often tobacco-induced. When evidence of Epstein-Barr virus is present, the condition is called hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).		03.3120
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		05.5360
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		04.5130
Arthropathies
[description not available]		04.0630
Joint Diseases
Diseases involving the JOINTS.		04.0630
Disc, Herniated
[description not available]		06.5762
Intervertebral Disc Displacement
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.		06.5762
Rhinophyma
A manifestation of severe ROSACEA resulting in significant enlargement of the NOSE and occurring primarily in men. It is caused by hypertrophy of the SEBACEOUS GLANDS and surrounding CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The nose is reddened and marked with TELANGIECTASIS.		03.320
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		02.3920
Empyema, Gall Bladder
[description not available]		03.7721
Blood Loss, Surgical
Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.		04.8442
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.		03.7721
Inhalation Injury, Smoke
[description not available]		01.9810
Cavernitis, Fibrous
[description not available]		01.9810
Penile Induration
A condition characterized by hardening of the PENIS due to the formation of fibrous plaques on the dorsolateral aspect of the PENIS, usually involving the membrane (tunica albuginea) surrounding the erectile tissue (corpus cavernosum penis). This may eventually cause a painful deformity of the shaft or constriction of the urethra, or both.		01.9810
Bacteriuria
The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.		01.9810
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3820
Adnexal Diseases
Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT).		01.9810
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		03.5730
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		03.3711
Male Genitourinary Diseases
[description not available]		03.3711
Female Genitourinary Diseases
[description not available]		03.3711
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		03.3711
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		01.9910
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		01.9910
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		01.9910
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		02.6830
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		01.9910
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		01.9910
Angle's Classification
[description not available]		02.3920
Malocclusion
Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)		02.3920
Peripheral Nerve Injury
[description not available]		01.9810
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.		01.9810
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		01.9810
Minimal Disease, Residual
[description not available]		01.9810
Neoplasm Seeding
The local implantation of tumor cells by contamination of instruments and surgical equipment during and after surgical resection, resulting in local growth of the cells and tumor formation.		01.9810
Breathlessness
[description not available]		02.910
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		02.910
Bladder Neck Obstruction
[description not available]		02.8940
Hemorrhage, Gingival
[description not available]		03.3711
Gingival Hemorrhage
The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.		03.3711
Blood Loss, Postoperative
[description not available]		02.3920
Dysphagia
[description not available]		03.0850
Esophageal Stricture
[description not available]		03.2360
Emphysema, Subcutaneous
[description not available]		01.9910
Esophageal Perforation
An opening or hole in the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, or pathological process.		02.3920
Emphysema, Mediastinal
[description not available]		01.9910
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.		03.0850
Esophageal Stenosis
A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.		03.2360
Ovarian Diseases
Pathological processes of the OVARY.		01.9910
Anovulation
Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.		01.9910
Hyperandrogenism
A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION.		01.9910
Hamartoma
A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area.		02.6830
Abnormalities, Skin
[description not available]		01.9910
Skin Abnormalities
Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin.		01.9910
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		01.9910
Metaplasia
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.		01.9910
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		01.9910
Infarct
[description not available]		01.9910
Cyclitis, Heterochromic
[description not available]		01.9910
Iridocyclitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of the iris and ciliary body characterized by exudates into the anterior chamber, discoloration of the iris, and constricted, sluggish pupil. Symptoms include radiating pain, photophobia, lacrimation, and interference with vision.		01.9910
Acinar Carcinoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Carcinoma, Acinar Cell
A malignant tumor arising from secreting cells of a racemose gland, particularly the salivary glands. Racemose (Latin racemosus, full of clusters) refers, as does acinar (Latin acinus, grape), to small saclike dilatations in various glands. Acinar cell carcinomas are usually well differentiated and account for about 13% of the cancers arising in the parotid gland. Lymph node metastasis occurs in about 16% of cases. Local recurrences and distant metastases many years after treatment are common. This tumor appears in all age groups and is most common in women. (Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575)		01.9910
Cancer of Pelvis
[description not available]		02.420
Proctitis
INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		01.9910
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		05.3651
Dermatoses
[description not available]		07.562
Skin Diseases, Vascular
Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area.		03.630
Cheilitis
Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology.		02.910
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		07.562
Tracheal Diseases
Diseases involving the TRACHEA.		03.5930
Bronchial Diseases
Diseases involving the BRONCHI.		09.6160
Hemorrhage, Vitreous
[description not available]		01.9910
Vitreous Hemorrhage
Hemorrhage into the VITREOUS BODY.		01.9910
Temporomandibular Disorders
[description not available]		03.3120
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)		03.3120
Apnea, Sleep
[description not available]		02.420
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.		02.420
Snoring
Rough, noisy breathing during sleep, due to vibration of the uvula and soft palate.		02.420
Urination Disorders
Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.		01.9910
Urinary Retention
Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).		04.2941
Cancer of Jaw
[description not available]		02.9110
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
[description not available]		03.3711
Menorrhagia
Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION.		03.3711
Fibroid
[description not available]		02.3920
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		01.9810
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		02.3920
Leiomyoma
A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.		02.3920
Leiomyosarcoma
A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)		01.9810
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		02.3920
Bladder Calculi
[description not available]		01.9910
Compartment Syndromes
Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE. FASCIOTOMY is often used to decompress increased pressure and eliminate pain associated with compartment syndromes.		01.9910
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
[description not available]		01.9810
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		01.9810
Prostatitis
Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.		01.9810
Nasal Polyps
Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.		01.9910
Dilatation, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.		01.9910
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		02.3820
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		01.9910
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		01.9910
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		01.9910
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		01.9910
Foreign-Body Migration
Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.		01.9910
Seminoma
A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9910
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		01.9910
Caries, Cervical
[description not available]		01.9910
Autolysis, Dental Pulp
[description not available]		02.3920
Dental Granuloma
[description not available]		01.9910
Craniofacial Pain
[description not available]		01.9910
Lassitude
[description not available]		01.9910
Facial Pain
Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.		01.9910
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		01.9910
Air Embolism
[description not available]		02.9110
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		02.9110
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		02.9110
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		02.9110
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.9110
Aortic Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.		02.9110
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		02.9110
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		02.9110
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		02.9110
Gingival Hyperplasia
Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)		02.910
Odontalgia
[description not available]		03.7921
Toothache
Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth.		03.7921
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic
[description not available]		01.9910
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic
Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.		01.9910
Alveolar Bone Atrophy
[description not available]		04.0831
Spinal Diseases
Diseases involving the SPINE.		01.9810
Anorectal Diseases
[description not available]		01.9810
Rectal Diseases
Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		01.9810
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular
[description not available]		03.7721
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		03.0750
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.		03.7721
Central Nervous System Neoplasm
[description not available]		0210
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.		0210
Hirsutism
A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as facial and chest areas. It is the result of elevated ANDROGENS from the OVARIES, the ADRENAL GLANDS, or exogenous sources. The concept does not include HYPERTRICHOSIS, which is an androgen-independent excessive hair growth.		02.9110
Epulides
[description not available]		02.420
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		0210
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		0210
Microglossia
[description not available]		0210
Lip Diseases
Diseases involving the LIP.		0210
Foot Dermatoses
Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.		0210
Gingival Diseases
Diseases involving the GINGIVA.		02.420
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		0210
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		0210
Conjunctival Diseases
Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.		0210
Uveitis, Anterior
Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.		0210
Teeth, Impacted
[description not available]		02.4120
Convalescence
The period of recovery following an illness.		0210
Argentaffinoma
[description not available]		0210
Carcinoid Tumor
A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)		0210
Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis
[description not available]		0210
Amyloidosis
A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.		0210
Porokeratosis
A heritable disorder of faulty keratinization characterized by the proliferation of abnormal clones of KERATINOCYTES and lesions showing varying atrophic patches surrounded by an elevated, keratotic border. These keratotic lesions can progress to overt cutaneous neoplasm. Several clinical variants are recognized, including porokeratosis of Mibelli, linear porokeratosis, disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, palmoplantar porokeratosis, and punctate porokeratosis.		0210
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		0210
Paroxysmal Reciprocal Tachycardia
[description not available]		0210
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		0210
Tachycardia, Paroxysmal
Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation.		0210
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
[description not available]		0210
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.		0210
Hemorrhagic Proctocolitis
[description not available]		0210
Proctocolitis
Inflammation of the RECTUM and the distal portion of the COLON.		0210
Bladder Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		03.3911
Cystitis, Interstitial
A condition with recurring discomfort or pain in the URINARY BLADDER and the surrounding pelvic region without an identifiable disease. Severity of pain in interstitial cystitis varies greatly and often is accompanied by increased urination frequency and urgency.		03.3911
Acquired Laryngeal Stenosis
[description not available]		02.3920
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum
[description not available]		04.3111
Keratosis
Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.		04.3111
Leg Dermatoses
A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.3911
Tooth Eruption, Ectopic
An abnormality in the direction of a TOOTH ERUPTION.		0210
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		02.0110
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		02.0110
Low Back Ache
[description not available]		02.0110
Low Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.		02.0110
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		02.3520
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.6730
Angioblastic Meningioma
[description not available]		02.8940
Meningeal Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.		02.6730
Meningioma
A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)		02.8940
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		01.9810
Arachnoid Cysts
Intracranial or spinal cavities containing a cerebrospinal-like fluid, the wall of which is composed of arachnoidal cells. They are most often developmental or related to trauma. Intracranial arachnoid cysts usually occur adjacent to arachnoidal cistern and may present with HYDROCEPHALUS; HEADACHE; SEIZURES; and focal neurologic signs. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch44, pp105-115)		01.9810
Brain Ventricular Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9810
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		01.9810
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		03.3611
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		03.3611
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		01.9810
Acoustic Neuroma
[description not available]		01.9810
Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9810
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		01.9810
Coin Lesion, Pulmonary
[description not available]		01.9810
Contracture
Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.		06.9810
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		01.9810
Abnormalities, Mouth
[description not available]		01.9810
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		01.9810
Duodenal Diseases
Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).		01.9810
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		01.9810
Anal Cancer
[description not available]		02.3820
Anus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ANAL CANAL.		02.3820
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		01.9710
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		01.9710
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		01.9710
Hemothorax
Hemorrhage within the pleural cavity.		01.9710
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		01.9710
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		01.9710
Nasal Diseases
[description not available]		01.9710
Congenital Epulides
[description not available]		01.9710
Palatal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PALATE, including those of the hard palate, soft palate and UVULA.		01.9710
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		02.8910
Bucket Handle Tears
[description not available]		01.9710
Embolus
[description not available]		01.9610
Embolism
Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.		01.9610
Carcinoma, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.3720
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		01.9610
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic
Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.		02.3720
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		01.9610
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		01.9710
Plica Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9710
Synovitis
Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.		01.9710
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic
[description not available]		01.9710
Tachycardia, Supraventricular
A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.		01.9710
Foot Diseases
Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.		02.8810
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		01.9710
Aphakia
Absence of crystalline lens totally or partially from field of vision, from any cause except after cataract extraction. Aphakia is mainly congenital or as result of LENS DISLOCATION AND SUBLUXATION.		01.9710
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		02.3720
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3720
Cancer of the Urethra
[description not available]		01.9710
Urethral Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the URETHRA. Benign epithelial tumors of the urethra usually consist of squamous and transitional cells. Primary urethral carcinomas are rare and typically of squamous cells. Urethral carcinoma is the only urological malignancy that is more common in females than in males.		01.9710
Microphthalmia
[description not available]		01.9710
Lens Diseases
Diseases involving the CRYSTALLINE LENS.		01.9710
Eye Hemorrhage
Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye.		01.9710
Colonic Diseases
Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		01.9610
Atypical Lipoma
[description not available]		01.9610
Intestinal Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		01.9610
Lipoma
A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.		01.9610
Eye Burns
Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.		02.6330
Chorioretinitis
Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body.		01.9410
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		01.9410
Shock, Traumatic
Shock produced as a result of trauma.		02.3420
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		01.9410
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		02.3520
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		01.9510
Cornea Injuries
[description not available]		02.6330
Hyphema
Bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye.		01.9510
Corneal Injuries
Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.		02.6330
Schwartzman Phenomenon
[description not available]		02.6330
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.8610
Spinal Cord Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.		02.8610
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		03.0450
Ureteral Calculi
Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic.		01.9410
Bladder Diseases
[description not available]		01.9410
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		01.9410
Neuroretinitis
[description not available]		01.9410
Retinal Degeneration
A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)		01.9410
Retinitis
Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).		01.9410
Glomerular Necrosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Carcinoma 256, Walker
A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9410
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