A substance administered to aid diagnosis of a disease.
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|
| apraclonidine | An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | apraclonidine |
| bentiromide | The dipeptide obtained by condensation of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine with 4-aminobenzoic acid. Used as a noninvasive screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy, it is given by mouth: the amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas. | bentiromide |
| betazole | Pyrazole in which a hydrogen adjacent to one of the nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. It is a histamine H2-receptor agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function. | betazole |
| ceruletide | A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction. | ceruletide |
| ceruletide diethylamine | The diethylamine salt of ceruletide. | ceruletide diethylamine |
| chlormerodrin | Urea in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 3-chloromercury-2-methoxyprop-1-yl group. It was formerly used as a diuretic, but more potent and less toxic drugs are now available. Its radiolabelled ((197)Hg, (203)Hg) forms were used in diagnostic aids in renal imaging and brain scans. | chlormerodrin |
| creatinine | A lactam obtained by formal cyclocondensation of creatine. It is a metabolite of creatine. | creatinine |
| cyclopentolate | A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (1-hydroxycyclopentyl)(phenyl)acetic acid with N,N-dimethylethanolamine. A tertiary amine antimuscarinic with actions similar to atropine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action. | cyclopentolate |
| deamino arginine vasopressin | A synthetic analogue of vasopressin in which 3-mercaptopropionic acid replaces the cysteine residue at position 1 and D-arginine replaces the residue at position 8. An antidiuretic, it increases urine concentration and decreases urine production, and is used (usually as the trihydrate of the acetic acid salt) to prevent and control excessive thirst, urination, and dehydration caused by injury, surgery, and certain medical conditions. It is also used in the diagnosis and treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus and in tests of renal function. | desmopressin |
| edrophonium | A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. | edrophonium |
| edrophonium chloride | The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals. | edrophonium chloride |
| ergonovine | A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced. | ergometrine |
| ergonovine maleate | A maleate salt resulting form the reaction of equimolar amounts of maleic acid and ergometrine. It is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced. | ergometrine maleate |
| metyrapone | An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. | metyrapone |
| phenolsulfonphthalein | 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney. | phenol red |
| sapropterin | A tetrahydropterin that is 2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridin-4(3H)-one in which a hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a 1,2-dihydroxypropyl group (6R,1'R,2'S-enantiomer). | sapropterin |
| sapropterin dihydrochloride | The dihydrochloride salt of sapropterin. It is used for the diagnosis and treatment of variant forms of phenylketonuria (hyperphenylalaninaemia) associated with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. Natural cofactor for phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, and nitric oxide synthetase. | sapropterin dihydrochloride |
| sodium chromate(vi) | An inorganic sodium salt consisting of sodium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio. | sodium chromate |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|
| acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.4481 | 4 | 4 |
| activating transcription factor 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 30.1065 | 1 | 1 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.0368 | 3 | 3 |
| ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase | Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927 | Potency | 0.6012 | 1 | 1 |
| Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0025 | 2 | 2 |
| Chain A, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 7.0795 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3872 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain B, HADH2 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| chromobox protein homolog 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 89.1251 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.3096 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 2C9, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.9497 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.2589 | 2 | 2 |
| cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.1536 | 1 | 2 |
| Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.0119 | 1 | 1 |
| dopamine D1 receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.3109 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 29.2686 | 4 | 6 |
| estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 47.5396 | 3 | 4 |
| euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 27.7343 | 1 | 2 |
| G | Vesicular stomatitis virus | Potency | 1.9497 | 1 | 1 |
| GABA theta subunit | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| GALC protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.7079 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 1.2589 | 1 | 1 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 9.4762 | 1 | 2 |
| GLS protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8489 | 1 | 1 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 6.0070 | 1 | 1 |
| Glutamate receptor 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 30.6379 | 1 | 1 |
| Histamine H2 receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Potency | 6.3096 | 1 | 3 |
| Histone H2A.x | Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) | Potency | 52.9152 | 1 | 2 |
| HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.9497 | 1 | 1 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.1995 | 2 | 2 |
| Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.9497 | 1 | 2 |
| Interferon beta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 1.9497 | 1 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.8489 | 1 | 3 |
| lethal factor (plasmid) | Bacillus anthracis str. A2012 | Potency | 2.5119 | 1 | 1 |
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 15.4226 | 2 | 3 |
| muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 24.7168 | 2 | 3 |
| NFKB1 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 28.1838 | 2 | 2 |
| nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.5412 | 1 | 1 |
| peripheral myelin protein 22 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 5.1295 | 1 | 2 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.1254 | 1 | 1 |
| regulator of G-protein signaling 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.8176 | 1 | 1 |
| Spike glycoprotein | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| survival motor neuron protein isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.5481 | 1 | 1 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 33.4983 | 1 | 1 |
| thioredoxin reductase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 13.7039 | 2 | 3 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 37.0814 | 2 | 3 |
| ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.0119 | 1 | 1 |
| USP1 protein, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 1 | 1 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.8325 | 1 | 1 |
| Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 30.6379 | 1 | 1 |