Compounds > phosphorylcholine
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phosphorylcholine

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Description

Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID1014
CHEMBL ID1235161
CHEBI ID18132
SCHEMBL ID8012
MeSH IDM0016734

Synonyms (25)

Synonym
CHEMBL1235161
n,n,n-trimethyl-2-(phosphonooxy)ethanaminium
CHEBI:18132 ,
trimethyl(2-(phosphonooxy)ethyl)ammonium
chop
phosphorylcholine
o-phosphocholine
phosphocholine
choline phosphate
PHOSPHORYL-CHOLINE ,
C00588
n-trimethyl-2-aminoethylphosphonate
ethanaminium, n,n,n-trimethyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-
choline, dihydrogen phosphate (ester) (8ci)
phosphocholine cation
DB03945
trimethyl(2-phosphonooxyethyl)azanium
EPITOPE ID:115009
3616-04-4
SCHEMBL8012
YHHSONZFOIEMCP-UHFFFAOYSA-O
Q576895
DTXSID30861727
FT-0778234
n,n,n-trimethyl-2-(phosphonooxy)ethan-1-aminium

Research Excerpts

Overview

Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a structural component of a wide variety of pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. It is an epitope on oxidized low-density lipoprotein, dead cells and some microorganisms.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is an epitope on oxidized low-density lipoprotein, dead cells and some microorganisms."( Antibodies against phosphorylcholine in hospitalized versus non-hospitalized obese subjects.
Bachus, E; Bhattacharya, P; Engström, G; Frostegård, J; Holm, H; Jujić, A; Korduner, J; Magnusson, M; Nilsson, PM, 2021)		1.67
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is an important pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern. "( Identification of IgG1 isotype phosphorylcholine antibodies for the treatment of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.
Bergman, A; Dahlbom, I; de Jong, RCM; de Vries, MR; Ewing, MM; Frostegård, J; Jukema, JW; Karabina, SAP; Karper, JC; Kuiper, J; MacArthur, MR; Mitchell, JR; Ninio, E; Nordzell, M; Peters, EAB; Pettersson, K; Quax, PHA; Sexton, D, 2021)		2.35
"Phosphorylcholine is a pro-inflammatory epitope exposed on apoptotic cells, and phosphorylcholine monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies (PC-mAb) have anti-inflammatory properties. "( Phosphorylcholine antibodies restrict infarct size and left ventricular remodelling by attenuating the unreperfused post-ischaemic inflammatory response.
Atsma, DE; de Jong, RCM; de Vries, MR; Jukema, JW; Pettersson, K; Pluijmert, NJ; Quax, PHA, 2021)		3.51
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a structural component of a wide variety of pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. "( Mucosal and systemic immune response to sublingual or intranasal immunization with phosphorylcholine.
Kurono, Y; Maseda, Y; Miyashita, K; Nagano, H; Ohori, J; Tanaka, N, 2018)		2.15
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is an epitope on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), apoptotic cells and several pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae. "( A genome-wide association study of IgM antibody against phosphorylcholine: shared genetics and phenotypic relationship to chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Almgren, P; Borné, Y; Caidahl, K; Chen, X; de Faire, U; Engström, G; Frostegård, J; Gustafsson, S; Hägg, S; Ingelsson, E; Karlsson, MCI; Karlsson, R; Karlsson, T; Lind, L; Lindgren, CM; Lorentzen, E; Lu, Y; Magnusson, PKE; Melander, O; Morris, AP; Pedersen, NL; Slager, SL; Smedby, KE; Song, J; Su, J; Sun, J; Svensson, P; Whitington, T; Zhan, Y, 2018)		2.17
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a structural component of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), and is known to be associated with adherence through the platelet activating factor receptor (PAF-R). "( Role of phosphorylcholine in Streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae adherence to epithelial cells.
Ito, K; Iuchi, H; Kurono, Y; Kyutoku, T; Ohori, J, 2019)		2.39
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a classic T-independent Ag that is exposed on apoptotic cells, oxidized phospholipids, and bacterial polysaccharides. "( Naturally occurring human phosphorylcholine antibodies are predominantly products of affinity-matured B cells in the adult.
Amara, K; Douagi, I; Fiskesund, R; Frostegård, J; Liu, A; Malmström, V; Murray, F; Steen, J; Szwajda, A, 2014)		2.15
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a structural component of a variety of pathogens and anti-PC immune responses protect mice against invasive bacterial diseases."( Transcutaneous immunization with phosphorylcholine induces antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses in BALB/c mice.
Kurono, Y; Nagano, H, 2015)		1.42
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a structural component of a variety of pathogens, and anti-PC immune responses protect mice against invasive bacterial diseases."( Transcutaneous immunization in auricle skin induces antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses in BALB/c mice.
Jimura, T; Kurono, Y; Makise, T; Miyashita, K; Nagano, H; Nagano, M, 2017)		1.18
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a new-generation coating material designed to ameliorate biocompatibility and thereby to reduce the detrimental interactions of CPB."( Phosphorylcholine-coated circuits improve preservation of platelet count and reduce expression of proinflammatory cytokines in CABG: a prospective randomized trial.
Etches, WS; Ghorpade, N; Han, L; Koshal, A; Schulze, CJ; Stang, L; Wang, SH, )		2.3
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is an immunodominant epitope in some pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae and it is well-known that PC-specific antibodies (Abs) play a key role in the induction of protective immunity against pneumococcal infection. "( Mucosal immune features to phosphorylcholine by nasal Flt3 ligand cDNA-based vaccination.
Baatarjav, T; Fujihashi, K; Fukui, M; Gilbert, RS; Goto, M; Ito, HO; Kataoka, K; Kawabata, S; Terao, Y; Yamamoto, M, 2011)		2.11
"Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) is an important virulence factor found on the surface of many mucosal pathogens and its expression enhances bacterial colonization on mucous membranes and reduces susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides. "( Identification of the lic1ABCD operon that controls the phase-variable expression of phosphorylcholine on lipopolysaccharide from Avibacterium paragallinarum.
Chang, PC; Chen, YS; Chiang, YT; Liu, CC; Shieh, MK; Shien, JH; Tan, DH, 2013)		2.06
"Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) is an antigenic component on the cell surface of many commensal and pathogenic bacteria that reside in the upper airway. "( Cross-reactivity of human immunoglobulin G2 recognizing phosphorylcholine and evidence for protection against major bacterial pathogens of the human respiratory tract.
Goldenberg, HB; McCool, TL; Weiser, JN, 2004)		2.01
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a classical ligand of C-reactive protein (CRP), a clinically important acute phase protein. "( Protein A--a new ligand for human C-reactive protein.
Das, T; Mandal, C, 2004)		1.77
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a structural component of a wide variety of pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, and anti-PC immune responses are known to protect mice against invasive bacterial diseases. "( Intranasal immunization with phosphorylcholine induces antigen specific mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice.
Fukuiwa, T; Fukuyama, S; Ito, HO; Kawabata, M; Kiyono, H; Kurono, Y; Miwa, Y; Nagatake, T; Sagara, Y; Tanaka, N, 2007)		2.07
"Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) is a component of the teichoic acids of Streptococcus pneumoniae and has been recently identified on the lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae, also a major pathogen of the human respiratory tract. "( The phosphorylcholine epitope undergoes phase variation on a 43-kilodalton protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and on pili of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Goldberg, JB; Pan, N; Virji, M; Weiser, JN; Wilson, L, 1998)		2.3
"Phosphorylcholine is an important bioactive adduct to the teichoic acid (TA) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of the surface of Streptococcus pneumoniae. "( Pneumococcal licD2 gene is involved in phosphorylcholine metabolism.
Fischer, W; Idanpaan-Heikkila, I; Tuomanen, EI; Zhang, JR, 1999)		2.02
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a structural component of a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens. "( Phosphorylcholine: friend or foe of the immune system?
Harnett, MM; Harnett, W, 1999)		3.19
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a common constituent of proteins secreted by filarial nematodes. "( Mechanisms underlying the transfer of phosphorylcholine to filarial nematode glycoproteins--a possible role for choline kinase.
Harnett, W; Houston, KM, 1999)		2.02
"Phosphorylcholine is a widely occurring hapten which is present in the cell wall of many prokaryotes. "( In vivo fate and immune pulmonary response after nasal administration of microspheres loaded with phosphorylcholine-thyroglobulin.
Andremont, A; Caudron, E; Couvreur, P; Fattal, E; Leo, E; Trolle, S, 1999)		1.96
"Phosphorylcholine is a common epitope in antigens of bacteria and nematode parasites and has been shown to be a target of protective immunity in certain bacteria."( Dominance of immunoglobulin G2c in the antiphosphorylcholine response of rats infected with Trichinella spiralis.
Appleton, JA; Betchen, AB; Gagliardo, LF; Ghosh, K; Oblak, JB; Peters, PJ; Sabin, EA, 1999)		1.29
"Phosphorylcholine coating is a new material technology that offers considerable promise in the field of glaucoma drainage device development."( Cell and protein adhesion studies in glaucoma drainage device development. The AGFID project team.
Lim, KS, 1999)		1.75
"Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) is a potential candidate for a plurispecific vaccine, because it is present on surface components of many mucosal organisms, including Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. "( Phosphorylcholine decoration of lipopolysaccharide differentiates commensal Neisseriae from pathogenic strains: identification of licA-type genes in commensal Neisseriae.
Serino, L; Virji, M, 2000)		3.19
"Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) is a common surface feature of many mucosal organisms, including Neisseria spp., in which it is present exclusively on pili of pathogenic Neisseria and on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of commensal Neisseria (Cn). "( Genetic and functional analysis of the phosphorylcholine moiety of commensal Neisseria lipopolysaccharide.
Serino, L; Virji, M, 2002)		2.03
"Phosphorylcholine is an immunodominant determinant of pneumococcal teichoic acids. "( High anti-phosphorylcholine antibody levels and mortality associated with pneumonia.
Andersson, B; Briles, D; Brooks, JW; Edén, CS; Nordenstam, G; Odén, A; Svanborg, A, 1990)		2.12
"Phosphorylcholine (P-choline) is a precursor of the phospholipids in the lens membrane. "( The effect of an aldose reductase inhibitor on lens phosphorylcholine under hyperglycemic conditions: biochemical and NMR studies.
Garadi, R; Jernigan, HM; Lou, MF; Mahendroo, PP; Thomas, DM; York, BM, 1989)		1.97
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) is a component of cell walls and membranes from a variety of widely distributed microorganisms. "( Alterations of idiotypic profiles: the cellular basis of T15 dominance in BALB/c mice.
Quintans, J; Wemhoff, GA, 1987)		1.72

Effects

Phosphorylcholine (PC) polymers have been shown to enhance the biocompatibility of medical devices and to serve as drug delivery systems. Anti-phosphoryLcholine specificity has recently been showed to occur with relatively high incidence among IgA myeloma proteins secreted by oil-induced plasma cell tumors.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Phosphorylcholine coating has a major role in the improvement of biocompatibility, durability and antihrombogenicity of the circuit for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). "( A new phosphorylcholine-coated polymethylpentene oxygenator for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a preliminary experience.
Agracheva, N; Calabrò, MG; Pappalardo, F; Pieri, M; Ruggeri, L; Turla, OG; Zangrillo, A, 2013)		2.31
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) has been used to improve the water solubility and biocompatibility of biomaterials. "( Phosphorylcholine-Installed Nanocarriers Target Pancreatic Cancer Cells through the Phospholipid Transfer Protein.
Anraku, Y; Cabral, H; Hong, T; Koji, K; Matsumoto, A; Miyahara, Y; Miyazaki, T, 2021)		3.51
"Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) has been identified as one of the components of H."( Molecular characterization of phosphorylcholine expression on the lipooligosaccharide of Histophilus somni.
Carman, GM; Cox, A; Elswaifi, SF; Inzana, TJ; Sreenivas, A; St Michael, F, 2009)		1.36
"Phosphorylcholine coating has a major role in the improvement of biocompatibility, durability and antihrombogenicity of the circuit for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). "( A new phosphorylcholine-coated polymethylpentene oxygenator for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a preliminary experience.
Agracheva, N; Calabrò, MG; Pappalardo, F; Pieri, M; Ruggeri, L; Turla, OG; Zangrillo, A, 2013)		2.31
"Phosphorylcholine (PC) polymers have been shown to enhance the biocompatibility of medical devices and to serve as drug delivery systems."( Histological and biomechanical evaluation of phosphorylcholine-coated titanium implants.
Hall, J; Qahash, M; Sennerby, L; Susin, C; Wikesjö, UM, 2008)		1.33
"Anti-phosphorylcholine specificity has recently been shown to occur with relatively high incidence among IgA myeloma proteins secreted by oil-induced plasma cell tumors in the BALB/c strain of mice. "( An IgM Waldenström with specificity against phosphorylcholine.
Oriol, R; Potter, M; Riesen, W; Rudikoff, S, 1975)		1.03

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In rats, the LD50 of HPC was 606 mumol/kg; the maximum tolerable dose over four weeks was 39 mumol/kg."( Alkyl phosphocholines: toxicity and anticancer properties.
Berger, MR; Eibl, HJ; Garzon, FT; Muschiol, C; Scherf, HR; Schmähl, D; Schuler, B; Unger, C; Zeller, WJ, 1987)		0.27
" Peritoneal macrophages incubated with APC-liposomes gave a comparable cytotoxic effect on MethA cells to that of the free, highly toxic APC alone."( Cytotoxic effects of alkylphosphocholines or alkylphosphocholine-liposomes and macrophages on tumor cells.
Arndt, D; Daemen, T; Fichtner, I; Jungmann, S; Zeisig, R, )		0.13
" In the absence of serum, HePC was highly toxic independent of cell proliferation."( Effects of hexadecylphosphocholine on fatty acid metabolism: relation to cytotoxicity.
Goppelt-Struebe, M; Winter, I, 1995)		0.29
" We conclude that bilirubin shows its toxic effect reacting with different biological systems in a dose-dependent fashion."( Mechanisms of bilirubin toxicity.
Amato, M, 1995)		0.29
", no separation between effective and toxic concentration)."( Dodecylphosphocholine-mediated enhancement of paracellular permeability and cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cell monolayers.
LeCluyse, EL; Liu, DZ; Thakker, DR, 1999)		0.3
"Administration of synthetic surfactant prior to preterm newborn transportation is safe with no intra-transport complications."( Safety of synthetic surfactant use before preterm newborn transport.
Bowman, ED; Mildenhall, LF; Pavuluri, NN, 1999)		0.3
" This alkylphospholipid was also extremely toxic against intracellular amastigotes of both strains."( Proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) against drug-resistant strains of Trypanosoma cruzi.
Bozza, MT; Freire-De-Lima, CG; Gibaldi, D; Heise, N; Mendonça-Previato, L; Previato, JO; Saraiva, VB, 2002)		0.31
" Adverse effects on the anterior and posterior segment were assessed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy."( Toxicity study of erucylphosphocholine in a rat model.
Blatsios, G; Eibl, KH; May, CA; Rejdak, R; Schuettauf, F; Shinoda, K; Thaler, S; Welge-Lussen, U, 2005)		0.33
" The goal of this study is to dissect the differences in peptide composition which make the mutant peptides (novispirin-G10 and novispirin-T7) less toxic than the parent peptide ovispirin (OVIS), although all three peptides have highly antibacterial properties."( Molecular dynamics investigation of the influence of anionic and zwitterionic interfaces on antimicrobial peptides' structure: implications for peptide toxicity and activity.
Kaznessis, YN; Khandelia, H, 2006)		0.33
"2%) presented product-related adverse events concerning the gastrointestinal tract."( Comparative study on the short term efficacy and adverse effects of miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate in dogs with natural leishmaniosis.
Bianciardi, P; Mateo, M; Maynard, L; Miró, G; Vischer, C, 2009)		0.35
" The most common ocular side effect associated with imatinib mesylate is periorbital edema."( Ocular side effects associated with imatinib mesylate and perifosine for gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
Dogan, SS; Esmaeli, B, 2009)		0.35
"Storage life and time dependency, susceptibilities of opportunistic bacterial and fungal pathogens, and synergistic and adverse effects of combinations with other anti-Acanthamoeba substances were determined."( Anti-acanthamoeba efficacy and toxicity of miltefosine in an organotypic skin equivalent.
Auer, H; Duchêne, M; Gruber, F; Mildner, M; Obwaller, A; Suchomel, M; Tschachler, E; Walochnik, J, 2009)		0.35
"In the ex vivo model of the isolated perfused vertebrate retina, APC has proved to be a safe compound in the concentrations applied."( The safety profile of alkylphosphocholines in the model of the isolated perfused vertebrate retina.
Bartz-Schmidt, KU; Dietz, K; Eibl-Lindner, KH; Grisanti, S; Januschowski, K; Kampik, A; Lüke, J; Lüke, M; Szurman, P, 2010)		0.36
" The safety of miltefosine-allopurinol combination therapy was confirmed by lack of effect on renal and hepatic parameters and adverse reactions."( Multicentric, controlled clinical study to evaluate effectiveness and safety of miltefosine and allopurinol for canine leishmaniosis.
Bianciardi, P; Cañavate, C; Cruz, I; Miró, G; Mortarino, M; Oliva, G; Vischer, C, 2009)		0.35
" No severe adverse events occurred."( Randomized controlled clinical trial to access efficacy and safety of miltefosine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in Manaus, Brazil.
Chrusciak Talhari, C; Chrusciak-Talhari, A; da Silva, RM; de Oliveira Penna, G; Dietze, R; Gadelha Yamashita, EP; Lima Machado, PR; Talhari, S, 2011)		0.37
" In general, adverse events were frequent in both groups (miltefosine: 88%, placebo: 65% of patients) but mostly mild to moderate in severity."( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of miltefosine in antihistamine-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria.
Bieber, T; Biedermann, T; Brasch, J; Dominicus, R; Hunzelmann, N; Jakob, T; Magerl, M; Mahler, V; Maurer, M; Popp, G; Rother, M; Schäkel, K; Schlingensiepen, R; Schmitt, J; Siebenhaar, F; Simon, JC; Staubach, P; Wedi, B; Weidner, C, 2013)		0.39
"The results of this study indicate that miltefosine is an effective and safe treatment option for CSU patients who do not respond to standard-dosed antihistamines."( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of miltefosine in antihistamine-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria.
Bieber, T; Biedermann, T; Brasch, J; Dominicus, R; Hunzelmann, N; Jakob, T; Magerl, M; Mahler, V; Maurer, M; Popp, G; Rother, M; Schäkel, K; Schlingensiepen, R; Schmitt, J; Siebenhaar, F; Simon, JC; Staubach, P; Wedi, B; Weidner, C, 2013)		0.39
" The adverse effects were primarily gastrointestinal for miltefosine and pain at the lesion site after treatment for thermotherapy."( Thermotherapy effective and safer than miltefosine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia.
Cruz, C; Godoy, G; López, L; Robledo, SM; Vélez, ID, 2013)		0.39
" More research on adverse drug events for the existing drugs and efforts to develop safer and effective drugs to counter resistance outbreaks for the successful management of visceral leishmaniasis are needed."( The treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: safety and efficacy.
Jha, RK; Sah, AK; Sah, P; Shah, DK, )		0.13
" Treatment was stopped due to adverse effect in 1 patient."( Efficacy and safety of miltefosine in treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.
Chakravarty, J; Rai, M; Singh, A; Sundar, S, 2015)		0.42
"Miltefosine was found to be effective and safe in the treatment of PKDL."( Efficacy and safety of miltefosine in treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.
Chakravarty, J; Rai, M; Singh, A; Sundar, S, 2015)		0.42
"The toxic effects of miltefosine on the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract and its hemolytic action on erythrocytes have limited its use as an antileishmanial agent."( Miltefosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles: Improving miltefosine stability and reducing its hemolytic potential toward erythtocytes and its cytotoxic effect on macrophages.
Barioni, MB; da Gama Bitencourt, JJ; de Paula Pinto, C; Guimarães, TH; Ito, AS; Pazin, WM; Santos, MA; Santos, MR; Valduga, CJ, 2016)		0.43
" Combination regimens including AmBisome and miltefosine are safe and effective in India, but there are no published data from trials of combination therapies including these drugs from Africa."( Efficacy and Safety of AmBisome in Combination with Sodium Stibogluconate or Miltefosine and Miltefosine Monotherapy for African Visceral Leishmaniasis: Phase II Randomized Trial.
Alexander, N; Ali, MH; Alves, F; Balasegaram, M; Dorlo, TP; Edwards, T; Elamin, MY; Ellis, S; Hailu, A; Juma, R; Khalil, EA; Kimutai, R; Kip, AE; Kirigi, G; Musa, A; Musa, B; Njenga, S; Olobo, J; Omollo, R; Schoone, GJ; Strub Wourgaft, N; Wasunna, M; Wells, S, 2016)		0.43
" Combination regimens including AmBisome, paromomycin and miltefosine have proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of VL in India."( Safety and efficacy of short course combination regimens with AmBisome, miltefosine and paromomycin for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Bangladesh.
Alvar, J; Alves, F; Balasegaram, M; Boer, MD; Ellis, S; Faiz, A; Goyal, V; Haque, R; Jamil, K; Rahman, R; Rijal, S; Samad, R; Sharma, B; Strub-Wourgaft, N, 2017)		0.46
" There were 12 serious adverse events in the study in 11 patients that included 3 non-study drug related deaths."( Safety and efficacy of short course combination regimens with AmBisome, miltefosine and paromomycin for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Bangladesh.
Alvar, J; Alves, F; Balasegaram, M; Boer, MD; Ellis, S; Faiz, A; Goyal, V; Haque, R; Jamil, K; Rahman, R; Rijal, S; Samad, R; Sharma, B; Strub-Wourgaft, N, 2017)		0.46
" The majority of adverse events were mild and included headache, nausea, and abdominal pain."( Olipudase alfa for treatment of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD): safety and efficacy in adults treated for 30 months.
Diaz, GA; Ji, AJ; Jouvin, MH; Lachmann, RH; Nandy, I; Puga, AC; Wasserstein, MP, 2018)		0.48
" This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using focused pharmacovigilance for VL (VLPV) in Bangladesh's National Kala-azar Elimination Programme for the early detection and prevention of expected and unexpected adverse drug reactions (ADRs)."( Using focused pharmacovigilance for ensuring patient safety against antileishmanial drugs in Bangladesh's National Kala-azar Elimination Programme.
Ahuja, V; Ghosh, P; Haque, R; Hossain, AFMA; Hossain, MA; Hossain, MS; Kumar, A; Mahshin, M; Maruf, S; Mondal, D; Shamsuzzaman, AKM; Sharma, A; Sharma, V, 2018)		0.48
" A VLPV expert committee and a UHC VLPV team were established, an operational manual and pharmacovigilance report forms were developed, training and refresher training of health personnel took place at UHCs and at the central level, collected information such as patient data including demographics, treatment history and response, adverse events were analyzed."( Using focused pharmacovigilance for ensuring patient safety against antileishmanial drugs in Bangladesh's National Kala-azar Elimination Programme.
Ahuja, V; Ghosh, P; Haque, R; Hossain, AFMA; Hossain, MA; Hossain, MS; Kumar, A; Mahshin, M; Maruf, S; Mondal, D; Shamsuzzaman, AKM; Sharma, A; Sharma, V, 2018)		0.48
" Thirteen serious adverse events (SAEs) (eight deaths and five unexpected SAEs) were observed."( Using focused pharmacovigilance for ensuring patient safety against antileishmanial drugs in Bangladesh's National Kala-azar Elimination Programme.
Ahuja, V; Ghosh, P; Haque, R; Hossain, AFMA; Hossain, MA; Hossain, MS; Kumar, A; Mahshin, M; Maruf, S; Mondal, D; Shamsuzzaman, AKM; Sharma, A; Sharma, V, 2018)		0.48
" There were 19 treatment-related adverse events (AEs), but none caused treatment discontinuation."( Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy of an Allometric Miltefosine Regimen for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern African Children: An Open-label, Phase II Clinical Trial.
Alvar, J; Alves, F; Dorlo, TPC; Egondi, TW; Kimutai, R; Kip, AE; Kirigi, G; Mbui, J; Olobo, J; Omollo, R; Omollo, T; Sagaki, P; Solomos, A; Wasunna, M; Were, L, 2019)		0.51
" All three regimens were safe, with 5 severe adverse events in the SDA arm, two of which were considered to be drug related."( Field safety and effectiveness of new visceral leishmaniasis treatment regimens within public health facilities in Bihar, India.
Alvar, J; Alves, F; Balasegaram, M; Bern, C; Burza, S; Das, P; Ellis, S; Goyal, V; Hightower, A; Lima, N; Mahajan, R; Pandey, K; Rabi Das, VN; Rijal, S; Sharma, B; Singh, RS; Singh, SN; Strub-Wourgaft, N; Sunyoto, T; Topno, RK, 2018)		0.48
" Descriptive analysis showed that 20% of patients experienced adverse events, which mostly had an onset in the first week of treatment and were likely to get more severe after four weeks of treatment."( The safety and efficacy of miltefosine in the long-term treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in South Asia - A review and meta-analysis.
den Boer, ML; Essink, DR; Pijpers, J; Ritmeijer, K, 2019)		0.51
" Moreover, VL and PKDL pharmacovigilance studies indicate a risk for serious adverse events, questioning the safety of MF."( The safety and efficacy of miltefosine in the long-term treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in South Asia - A review and meta-analysis.
den Boer, ML; Essink, DR; Pijpers, J; Ritmeijer, K, 2019)		0.51
" We reported a case of acute anterior uveitis,a rare adverse effect, experienced by a patient treated with miltefosine for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis."( Acute uveitis: A rare adverse effect of miltefosine in the treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.
Das, P; Das, VNR; Lal, CS; Pal, B; Pandey, K; Topno, RK, 2020)		0.56
" None of the patients in either group developed any serious adverse events."( A randomized, open-label study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) versus miltefosine in patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis.
Ali, V; Bimal, S; Das, P; Das, VNR; Kumar, A; Lal, CS; Pal, B; Pandey, K; Siddiqui, NA; Singh, SK; Topno, RK; Verma, N, )		0.13
" We carried out an update of a previous systematic review of all published clinical trials in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) from 1980 to 2019 to document any reported serious adverse events (SAEs)."( Serious adverse events following treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Alves, F; Brack, M; Dahal, P; Guerin, PJ; Halleux, CM; Hawryszkiewycz, A; Maguire, BJ; Ngu, R; Olliaro, PL; Rashan, S; Singh-Phulgenda, S; Stepniewska, K, 2021)		0.62
" The presence of vesicles at the site of heat application was the most common adverse event reported associated with the use of TT; while vomiting (31."( A phase II multicenter randomized study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining thermotherapy and a short course of miltefosine for the treatment of uncomplicated cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World.
Alvarez, F; Arana, B; Boni, M; Echevarria, J; Jiménez, A; Llanos-Cuentas, A; López, L; Méndez, C; Quintero, J; Ramos, AP; Rode, J; Tabares, Y; Valencia, B; Vélez, I, 2022)		0.72

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Single administration of equimolar HePC doses results in differing pharmacokinetic values for free HePC (p."( Pharmacokinetic behavior and antineoplastic activity of liposomal hexadecylphosphocholine.
Berger, MR; Drevs, J; Eibl, H; Kaufmann-Kolle, P; Kötting, J; Marschner, N; Unger, C, 1994)		0.29
" Conventional non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis and an elaborate three- and four-compartmental model were used for explaining the experimental data."( Pharmacokinetics of sterically stabilized hexadecylphosphocholine liposomes versus conventional liposomes and free hexadecylphosphocholine in tumor-free and human breast carcinoma bearing mice.
Arndt, D; Fahr, A; Fichtner, I; Teppke, AD; Zeisig, R, 1999)		0.3
"There is an urgent need to develop non-invasive pharmacodynamic endpoints for the evaluation of new molecular therapeutics that inhibit signal transduction."( Use of radiolabelled choline as a pharmacodynamic marker for the signal transduction inhibitor geldanamycin.
Aboagye, EO; Hutchinson, OC; Liu, D; Osman, S; Price, P; Workman, P, 2002)		0.31
" The aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of perifosine, an oral analog of alkylphosphocholine (APC), and to compare in vitro drug uptake with in vivo drug accumulation in three human-derived squamous cell carcinomas (A431, HNXOE and KB)."( Tumor and normal tissue pharmacokinetics of perifosine, an oral anti-cancer alkylphospholipid.
Schellens, JH; van Blitterswijk, WJ; Verheij, M; Vink, SR, 2005)		0.33
" The aim of this work was to develop a noninvasive and robust pharmacodynamic biomarker for target inhibition and, potentially, tumor response following MN58b treatment."( Noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopic pharmacodynamic markers of the choline kinase inhibitor MN58b in human carcinoma models.
Al-Saffar, NM; Chung, YL; Griffiths, JR; Jackson, LE; Judson, IR; Lacal, JC; Leach, MO; Madhu, B; Ramírez de Molina, A; Troy, H; Workman, P, 2006)		0.33
" Pharmacokinetic sampling was performed weekly pre-dosing."( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of combined treatment with perifosine and radiation in patients with advanced solid tumours.
Bartelink, H; Beijnen, JH; Dubbelman, R; Engel, J; Hillebrand, MJ; Moppi, G; Schellens, JH; Sindermann, H; Verheij, M; Vink, SR, 2006)		0.33
"It is critical to develop methods to quantify the early pharmacodynamic effects of targeted therapeutics in vivo to make drug development more efficient and ensure biologically relevant dosing."( Pharmacodynamic markers of perifosine efficacy.
Birch, R; Carey, MS; Gonzalez-Angulo, AM; Hall, H; Henderson, IC; Hennessy, BT; Kundra, V; Lu, Y; Mills, GB; Poradosu, E; Ravoori, M; Yu, Q; Yu, S, 2007)		0.34
"A novel functional proteomics technology, reverse phase protein array, was used to establish and quantify pharmacodynamic markers of perifosine efficacy."( Pharmacodynamic markers of perifosine efficacy.
Birch, R; Carey, MS; Gonzalez-Angulo, AM; Hall, H; Henderson, IC; Hennessy, BT; Kundra, V; Lu, Y; Mills, GB; Poradosu, E; Ravoori, M; Yu, Q; Yu, S, 2007)		0.34
"Because of a strong correlation between proportional modulation of PI3K pathway biomarkers and quantified perifosine efficacy, it is likely that early measurement of such pharmacodynamic biomarkers with reverse phase protein array will optimize selection of responding patients and guide perifosine dosing."( Pharmacodynamic markers of perifosine efficacy.
Birch, R; Carey, MS; Gonzalez-Angulo, AM; Hall, H; Henderson, IC; Hennessy, BT; Kundra, V; Lu, Y; Mills, GB; Poradosu, E; Ravoori, M; Yu, Q; Yu, S, 2007)		0.34
"The aim of this work was to use phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P MRS) to investigate the pharmacodynamic effects of LAQ824, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor."( Noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopic pharmacodynamic markers of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, LAQ824, in human colon carcinoma cells and xenografts.
Aherne, W; Atadja, P; Beloueche-Babari, M; Chung, YL; Griffiths, JR; Jackson, LE; Judson, IR; Kristeleit, R; Leach, MO; Troy, H; Workman, P, 2008)		0.35
" Population pharmacokinetic modeling was performed with nonlinear mixed-effect modeling, using NONMEM."( Pharmacokinetics of miltefosine in Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis patients.
Beijnen, JH; de Vries, HJ; de Vries, PJ; Dorlo, TP; Huitema, AD; Keizer, RJ; van Thiel, PP, 2008)		0.35
" Based on its half-life of about 4days, a weekly regimen may be appropriate."( First-time-in-man and pharmacokinetic study of weekly oral perifosine in patients with solid tumours.
Berdel, W; Engel, J; Hanauske, AR; Mross, K; Sindermann, H; Unger, C, 2010)		0.36
" These observations illustrate the usability of quantifying parasite loads in skin lesions as a pharmacodynamic measure and quantitative descriptor of drug effect for CL supporting clinical assessment."( Dynamics of parasite clearance in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients treated with miltefosine.
Beijnen, JH; de Vries, PJ; Dorlo, TP; Schoone, GJ; Stienstra, Y; van Thiel, PP; van Vugt, M, 2011)		0.37
" The whole-body and tumor pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of this model can be noninvasively measured with molecular imaging, providing a means of comparing potential TRT agents."( Application of a whole-body pharmacokinetic model for targeted radionuclide therapy to NM404 and FLT.
Burnette, RR; Floberg, JM; Grudzinski, JJ; Jeffery, JJ; Jeraj, R; Mudd, SR; Nomura, A; Peterson, ET; Tomé, WA; Weichert, JP, 2012)		0.38
"The mechanism, preclinical testing, and clinical activity of perifosine in CRC and MM are discussed, with supportive pharmacokinetic information presented."( Perifosine , an oral, anti-cancer agent and inhibitor of the Akt pathway: mechanistic actions, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity.
Anderson, KC; Eng, C; Hideshima, T; Kolesar, J; Richardson, PG, 2012)		0.38
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) data for miltefosine in females are lacking; a previously developed population PK model and a comprehensive anthropometric dataset were used to simulate PK data for Indian female VL patients receiving miltefosine for 5, 7, 10 or 28 days."( Translational pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation for the assessment of duration of contraceptive use after treatment with miltefosine.
Balasegaram, M; Beijnen, JH; de Vries, PJ; Dorlo, TP; Huitema, AD; Lima, MA, 2012)		0.38
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental methods."( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of the Akt inhibitor, perifosine, in a non-human primate model.
Cole, DE; Lester-McCully, CM; Warren, KE; Widemann, BC, 2015)		0.42
" The median (range) AUCPl was 3148 (2502-4705) µM/h, with a median (range) terminal half-life (t 1/2) of 193 (170-221) h."( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of the Akt inhibitor, perifosine, in a non-human primate model.
Cole, DE; Lester-McCully, CM; Warren, KE; Widemann, BC, 2015)		0.42
"This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic properties of oleylphosphocholine (OlPC) in hamsters following a single oral dose."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oleylphosphocholine in a hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis.
Dorlo, TP; Fortin, A; Hendrickx, S; Maes, L, 2016)		0.43
"Single oral doses of 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg were administered for pharmacokinetic analysis while a 100 mg/kg single oral dose was given on day 7, 4 or 1, or 4 h prior to infection in the prophylactic efficacy study."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oleylphosphocholine in a hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis.
Dorlo, TP; Fortin, A; Hendrickx, S; Maes, L, 2016)		0.43
" In this study, liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method of MFS was validated in rat plasma and its practical utilization to pharmacokinetic studies in rats for the first time."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability assessment of Miltefosine in rats using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
Gayen, JR; Husain, A; Italiya, KS; Javia, D; Mishra, PR; Riyazuddin, M; Singh, SK; Syed, AA; Tripathi, P; Valicherla, GR, 2016)		0.43
" Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is an attractive alternative to plasma sampling for pharmacokinetic studies in these remote areas, but introduces additional variability in analyte quantification due to possible blood spot inhomogeneity and variability in blood spot volume and haematocrit values."( Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) as an alternative to conventional dried blood spots in the quantification of miltefosine in dried blood samples.
Beijnen, JH; Dorlo, TPC; Kiers, KC; Kip, AE; Rosing, H; Schellens, JHM, 2017)		0.46
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental analysis."( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of select chemotherapeutic agents following intranasal delivery in a non-human primate model.
Cruz, R; Figg, WD; League-Pascual, JC; Lester-McCully, CM; Peer, CJ; Rodgers, L; Ronner, L; Shandilya, S; Warren, KE, 2017)		0.46
"Miltefosine plasma concentrations from 95 patients (48 monotherapy versus 47 combination therapy) were included in the population pharmacokinetic model using non-linear mixed effects modelling."( Visceral leishmaniasis relapse hazard is linked to reduced miltefosine exposure in patients from Eastern Africa: a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study.
Alves, F; Balasegaram, M; Beijnen, JH; Dorlo, TPC; Ellis, SJ; Hailu, A; Karlsson, MO; Khalil, EAG; Kip, AE; Kirigi, G; Musa, AM; Njenga, S; Olobo, J; Wasunna, M; Younis, BM, 2017)		0.46
"A two-compartment population model with first-order absorption fitted the miltefosine pharmacokinetic data adequately."( Visceral leishmaniasis relapse hazard is linked to reduced miltefosine exposure in patients from Eastern Africa: a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study.
Alves, F; Balasegaram, M; Beijnen, JH; Dorlo, TPC; Ellis, SJ; Hailu, A; Karlsson, MO; Khalil, EAG; Kip, AE; Kirigi, G; Musa, AM; Njenga, S; Olobo, J; Wasunna, M; Younis, BM, 2017)		0.46
" Clear understanding of the pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic behavior of these compounds is necessary to optimize and characterize the performance of therapeutic oligonucleotides in vivo."( Pharmacokinetic Profiling of Conjugated Therapeutic Oligonucleotides: A High-Throughput Method Based Upon Serial Blood Microsampling Coupled to Peptide Nucleic Acid Hybridization Assay.
Biscans, A; Coles, AH; Echeverria, D; Gilbert, JW; Godinho, BMDC; Haraszti, RA; Hassler, M; Khvorova, A; Nikan, M; Roux, L, 2017)		0.46
" We aimed to characterize the intracellular PBMC miltefosine kinetics by developing a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model simultaneously describing plasma and intracellular PBMC pharmacokinetics."( Simultaneous population pharmacokinetic modelling of plasma and intracellular PBMC miltefosine concentrations in New World cutaneous leishmaniasis and exploration of exposure-response relationships.
Beijnen, JH; Castro, MDM; Cossio, A; Dorlo, TPC; Gomez, MA; Kip, AE; Saravia, NG; Schellens, JHM, 2018)		0.48
" Long half-life of the molecule was confirmed and differential pattern of accumulation of the drug was observed in analyzed organs in mice and hamster."( Pharmacokinetics and disposition of miltefosine in healthy mice and hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania infantum.
Alunda, JM; Corral, MJ; Costi, MP; Escribano, MD; García-Calvo, E; Gutiérrez, C; Jiménez-Antón, MD; Kayali, N; Luque-García, JL; Olías-Molero, AI; Torrado, JJ, 2018)		0.48
" The aim of this study was to characterise the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the anti-leishmanial drugs AmBisome and miltefosine in a preclinical disease model of VL."( Pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic relationships of liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
Angulo-Barturen, I; Coteron-Lopez, JM; Croft, SL; Ferrer-Bazaga, S; Harris, A; Seifert, K; Voak, AA, 2021)		0.62
" Additionally, we describe pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of miltefosine and compare our findings in a preclinical disease model to available knowledge from studies in humans."( Pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic relationships of liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
Angulo-Barturen, I; Coteron-Lopez, JM; Croft, SL; Ferrer-Bazaga, S; Harris, A; Seifert, K; Voak, AA, 2021)		0.62
" The HePC-NLCs demonstrated enhanced pharmacokinetic behaviour over free drug, including extended blood circulation and an abridged clearance rate in rats."( Preparation, Pharmacokinetics, and Antitumor Potential of Miltefosine-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers.
Ali, Z; Choi, HG; Imran, M; Jamshaid, H; Sajjad Khan, A; Sarwar, S; Ud Din, F; Ullah, K; Yu, G; Zeb, A, 2021)		0.62
" Population pharmacokinetic models were developed."( Population pharmacokinetics of a combination of miltefosine and paromomycin in Eastern African children and adults with visceral leishmaniasis.
Alves, F; Chu, WY; Dorlo, TPC; Huitema, ADR; Mbui, J; Mohammed, R; Musa, AM; Njenga, S; Olobo, J; Ritmeijer, K; Roseboom, IC; Solomos, A; Verrest, L; Wasunna, M, 2023)		0.91
"Data from 265 patients (59% ≤12 years) were available for this pharmacokinetic analysis."( Population pharmacokinetics of a combination of miltefosine and paromomycin in Eastern African children and adults with visceral leishmaniasis.
Alves, F; Chu, WY; Dorlo, TPC; Huitema, ADR; Mbui, J; Mohammed, R; Musa, AM; Njenga, S; Olobo, J; Ritmeijer, K; Roseboom, IC; Solomos, A; Verrest, L; Wasunna, M, 2023)		0.91

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" We therefore examined the possibility of minimizing these effects by applying miltefosine in lower doses in combination with picrloviv, an immunomodulator against Leishmania donovani in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)."( Efficacy of picroliv in combination with miltefosine, an orally effective antileishmanial drug against experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
Gupta, S; Ramesh, SC; Srivastava, VM, 2005)		0.33
" Moreover, activity of the survival kinase PKB/Akt was downregulated upon treatment with ErPC/ErPC3 alone or in combination with ionizing radiation."( Increased cytotoxicity of ionizing radiation in combination with membrane-targeted apoptosis modulators involves downregulation of protein kinase B/Akt-mediated survival-signaling.
Belka, C; Eibl, H; Faltin, H; Handrick, R; Jendrossek, V; Rübel, A, 2006)		0.33
" To combat this situation, leishmanicidal efficacy of already marketed standard antifungal drug, fluconazole under the approach of "therapeutic switching" in combination with standard antileishmanial drug, miltefosine, and a potent immunomodulator agent, picroliv, were evaluated in hamsters infected with Leishmania donovani."( Antileishmanial efficacy of fluconazole and miltefosine in combination with an immunomodulator--picroliv.
Gupta, S; Sane, SA; Shakya, N, 2011)		0.37
" The efficacy of miltefosine and marbofloxacin alone or in combination with allopurinol against clinical strains of Leishmania infantum was assessed in vitro by incubating increasing concentrations of the drugs with a standard parasite inoculum."( Canine leishmaniosis: in vitro efficacy of miltefosine and marbofloxacin alone or in combination with allopurinol against clinical strains of Leishmania infantum.
Badino, P; Farca, AM; Ferroglio, E; Miniscalco, B; Monticelli, P; Odore, R; Trisciuoglio, A, 2012)		0.38
" In the present study, we have explored the antileishmanial efficacy of a subcurative dose of miltefosine in combination with free as well as liposomal palmitoyl tuftsin (p-tuftsin) using a Leishmania donovani/BALB/c mouse model."( Augmentation of antileishmanial efficacy of miltefosine in combination with tuftsin against experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
Gupta, S; Haq, W; Sane, SA; Shakya, N, 2012)		0.38
" Assay results showed that perifosine exerted its activity selectively on the AGS cell line and the growth inhibitory effect of perifosine was enhanced significantly in combination with miR‑27a inhibitors in MGC‑803 cells."( MicroRNA-27a inhibitors alone or in combination with perifosine suppress the growth of gastric cancer cells.
Liang, S; Liu, D; Luo, X; Sun, Q; Wang, X; Xu, L; Yang, L; Zhao, X, 2013)		0.39
" This study determined the in vitro susceptibility of miltefosine, as a single agent and in combination with posaconazole or voriconazole, against these pathogens."( In vitro activity of miltefosine as a single agent and in combination with voriconazole or posaconazole against uncommon filamentous fungal pathogens.
Biswas, C; Chen, SC; Djordjevic, JT; Jolliffe, KA; Sorrell, TC; Zuo, X, 2013)		0.39
"Miltefosine demonstrated synergy in 8/20 (40%) and 4/20 (20%) instances when combined with posaconazole and voriconazole, respectively."( In vitro activity of miltefosine as a single agent and in combination with voriconazole or posaconazole against uncommon filamentous fungal pathogens.
Biswas, C; Chen, SC; Djordjevic, JT; Jolliffe, KA; Sorrell, TC; Zuo, X, 2013)		0.39
" This study investigated the efficacy of perifosine alone and in combination with sorafenib in a transgenic mouse model of HCC."( Efficacy of perifosine alone and in combination with sorafenib in an HrasG12V plus shp53 transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cho, KJ; Han, KH; Kim, da Y; Kim, DY; Kim, MN; Lim, HY; Park, JH; Ro, SW, 2015)		0.42
" The transgenic mice were treated with perifosine alone and in combination with sorafenib to evaluate efficacy of drugs on tumor growth and survival."( Efficacy of perifosine alone and in combination with sorafenib in an HrasG12V plus shp53 transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cho, KJ; Han, KH; Kim, da Y; Kim, DY; Kim, MN; Lim, HY; Park, JH; Ro, SW, 2015)		0.42
"Treatment with perifosine for 5 weeks, alone and in combination with sorafenib, strongly inhibited tumor growth and increased survival."( Efficacy of perifosine alone and in combination with sorafenib in an HrasG12V plus shp53 transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cho, KJ; Han, KH; Kim, da Y; Kim, DY; Kim, MN; Lim, HY; Park, JH; Ro, SW, 2015)		0.42
"The preclinical effect that current study showed represents a strong rationale for clinical trials using perifosine alone and in combination with sorafenib in the treatment of HCC patients."( Efficacy of perifosine alone and in combination with sorafenib in an HrasG12V plus shp53 transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Cho, KJ; Han, KH; Kim, da Y; Kim, DY; Kim, MN; Lim, HY; Park, JH; Ro, SW, 2015)		0.42
" We herein investigated the immunostimulatory potency of a β-glucan, lentinan either alone or in combination with short dose of standard drug, miltefosine on Leishmania-infected J-774A."( Immunoprotective effect of lentinan in combination with miltefosine on Leishmania-infected J-774A.1 macrophages.
Ali, W; Gupta, S; Khattri, S; Natu, SM; Puri, SK; Shivahare, R; Singh, US, 2016)		0.43

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" This indicates that the bioavailability of He-PC and ET18-OCH3 is not controlled by differences in the uptake of the two drugs, but by differences in their metabolism."( Distribution of hexadecylphosphocholine and octadecyl-methyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine in rat tissues during steady-state treatment.
Eibl, H; Kötting, J; Marschner, N; Unger, C, 1992)		0.28
"Paracellular permeability enhancers have been used to improve the oral bioavailability of hydrophilic drugs; however, the mechanism of action of many enhancers is poorly understood."( Structure-activity relationship for enhancement of paracellular permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers by 3-alkylamido-2-alkoxypropylphosphocholines.
Ishaq, KS; Leonard, S; Liu, D; Morris-Natschke, SL; Ouyang, H; Thakker, DR; Ward, P, 2002)		0.31
" These results suggest that HePC could modify the oral bioavailability of other therapeutic compounds absorbed via the paracellular route or which are substrates of the intestinal P-glycoprotein."( Modulation of intestinal barrier properties by miltefosine.
Barratt, G; Buyse, M; Chacun, H; Farinotti, R; Menez, C, 2006)		0.33
" Although miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine or HPC) is a promising orally bioavailable anti-leishmanial drug, its efficacy is seriously compromised by contra-indications in pregnant women."( Miltefosine promotes IFN-gamma-dominated anti-leishmanial immune response.
Agarwal, R; Kamat, V; Maiti, M; Martin, S; Saha, B; Wadhone, P, 2009)		0.35
"Perifosine is an orally bioavailable alkylphospholipid currently being tested in phase II clinical trials as a potential anticancer drug."( Celecoxib antagonizes perifosine's anticancer activity involving a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent mechanism.
Elrod, HA; Khuri, FR; Sun, SY; Yue, P, 2009)		0.35
"Following epidural administration, cerebrospinal fluid bioavailability of local anesthetics is low, one major limiting factor being diffusion across the arachnoid mater barrier."( Ex vivo and in vivo diffusion of ropivacaine through spinal meninges: influence of absorption enhancers.
Brandhonneur, N; Chevanne, F; Deniau, AL; Dollo, G; Estèbe, JP; Le Corre, P; Legrand, A; Ratajczak-Enselme, M, 2011)		0.37
"Interactions of macrolide antibiotics with biological membranes contribute to their bioavailability but are also involved in the formation of phospholipidosis, which is caused by the inhibition of phospholipase A(1) activity."( Probing the interactions of macrolide antibiotics with membrane-mimetics by NMR spectroscopy.
Göbl, C; Kosol, S; Krajačić, MB; Meyer, NH; Novak, P; Rechberger, GN; Schrank, E; Wagner, GE; Zangger, K, 2012)		0.38
" However, primaquine exhibits low oral bioavailability due to oxidative deamination of its aliphatic chain."( Peptidomimetic and organometallic derivatives of primaquine active against Leishmania infantum.
Gomes, MS; Gomes, P; Matos, J; Moreira, R; Tomás, A; Vale, N; Vale-Costa, S, 2012)		0.38
"Miltefosine is an alkyl phosphocholine with good oral bioavailability and in vitro activity against Cryptococcus species that has gained interest as an additional agent for cryptococcal infections."( Limited activity of miltefosine in murine models of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and disseminated cryptococcosis.
Bocanegra, R; Kirkpatrick, WR; Najvar, LK; Patterson, TF; Sorrell, TC; Wiederhold, NP, 2013)		0.39
" We conclude that C6-Cer complexed to CholPC increased the bioavailability of the short-chain ceramide for cells, and potentiated its effects in comparison to solvent-dissolved C6-Cer."( Complexation of c6-ceramide with cholesteryl phosphocholine - a potent solvent-free ceramide delivery formulation for cells in culture.
Långvik, O; Lönnfors, M; Pulli, I; Slotte, JP; Sukumaran, P; Törnquist, K, 2013)		0.39
"In order to overcome the problems associated with low water solubility, and consequently low bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), novel organic salts containing fluoroquinolones (e."( Novel organic salts based on fluoroquinolone drugs: synthesis, bioavailability and toxicological profiles.
Branco, LC; Costa, A; Duarte, CM; Florindo, C; Marrucho, IM; Matias, AN; Matos, C; Nunes, SL; Rebelo, LP, 2014)		0.4
" Oleylphosphocholine (OlPC) is a new orally bioavailable drug of the alkylphosphocholine family with potent antileishmanial activity against a broad range of Leishmania species/strains."( Direct comparison of the efficacy and safety of oral treatments with oleylphosphocholine (OlPC) and miltefosine in a mouse model of L. major cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Bosschaerts, T; Caridha, DP; Fortin, A; Grogl, M; Hickman, MR; Hudson, TH; Leed, S; Ngundam, F; Parriott, S; Sena, J, 2014)		0.4
" Knowledge of MT aggregation in aqueous solutions and of its interaction with lipid membranes is important to understand pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and antiparasitic effects."( Miltefosine and BODIPY-labeled alkylphosphocholine with leishmanicidal activity: Aggregation properties and interaction with model membranes.
Acuña, AU; Barioni, MB; Ito, AS; Ramos, AP; Zaniquelli, ME, 2015)		0.42
"Miltefosine [hexadecylphosphocholine (HPC)] is the only orally bioavailable drug for the disease visceral leishmaniasis, which is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani."( Platelet-activating factor receptor contributes to antileishmanial function of miltefosine.
de Castro, W; Dey, R; Gangalum, PR; Majumdar, S; Rivas, L; Saha, B; Singh, S; Vieira, LQ, 2015)		0.42
"To develop a stable micellar formulation of vitamin K for oral delivery, because the commercial and clinically used formulation of vitamin K (Konakion® MM) destabilizes at gastric pH resulting in low bioavailability of this vitamin in neonates with cholestasis."( A Mixed Micelle Formulation for Oral Delivery of Vitamin K.
Hennink, WE; Jaspers, TC; Sun, F; van Hasselt, PM; van Nostrum, CF, 2016)		0.43
" The absolute bioavailability of MFS was 60."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability assessment of Miltefosine in rats using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
Gayen, JR; Husain, A; Italiya, KS; Javia, D; Mishra, PR; Riyazuddin, M; Singh, SK; Syed, AA; Tripathi, P; Valicherla, GR, 2016)		0.43
" The only orally bioavailable drug miltefosine is toxic and the effective liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome) is limited by its prohibitive cost and requirement for parenteral administration."( Lactoferrin-modified Betulinic Acid-loaded PLGA nanoparticles are strong anti-leishmanials.
Das, S; Halder, A; Mukherjee, A; Roy, P; Saha, B; Shukla, D, 2018)		0.48
"Nanoparticle-based pulmonary delivery of protein therapeutics provides a promising approach for improving protein bioavailability to treat either local or systemic diseases, however high-efficient nanocarrier is a great challenge."( Pulmonary delivery of therapeutic proteins based on zwitterionic chitosan-based nanocarriers for treatment on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Fang, B; Mo, S; Tu, M; Wang, J; Zeng, R; Zhang, G; Zhao, J, 2019)		0.51
" Since ITZ is only weakly soluble in water, its bioavailability is limited."( Cholesterol Reduces Partitioning of Antifungal Drug Itraconazole into Lipid Bilayers.
Bunker, A; Dzieciuch-Rojek, M; Kepczynski, M; Poojari, C; Róg, T; Zak, A, 2020)		0.56
" A 69% lower bioavailability at treatment start was estimated, presumably due to initial malnourishment and malabsorption."( Characterizing the non-linear pharmacokinetics of miltefosine in paediatric visceral leishmaniasis patients from Eastern Africa.
Alves, F; Beijnen, JH; Dorlo, TPC; Kip, AE; Mbui, J; Musa, A; Olobo, J; Palić, S; Solomos, A; Wasunna, M, 2020)		0.56
" Bioavailability appeared to be affected by the cumulative dose, possibly as a consequence of impaired absorption."( Characterizing the non-linear pharmacokinetics of miltefosine in paediatric visceral leishmaniasis patients from Eastern Africa.
Alves, F; Beijnen, JH; Dorlo, TPC; Kip, AE; Mbui, J; Musa, A; Olobo, J; Palić, S; Solomos, A; Wasunna, M, 2020)		0.56
" The use of polymers as carriers would greatly improve their bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency."( Phosphocholine-Functionalized Zwitterionic Highly Branched Poly(β-amino ester)s for Cytoplasmic Protein Delivery.
Li, J; Li, Z; Liang, L; Ma, B; Shi, J; Yong, H; Zhang, Y; Zhou, D; Zhou, YN, 2023)		0.91

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Many investigators using different surfactants, dosing schedules, and pulmonary function methodologies to evaluate lung mechanics have reported that the improvement in compliance after surfactant treatment usually follows the clinical improvement in gas exchange."( Delayed compliance increase in infants with respiratory distress syndrome following synthetic surfactant.
Ariagno, RL; Armsby, DH; Baldwin, R; Bellon, G; Carlisle, K; Long, W; Rector, D; Stevenson, DK, 1992)		0.28
" We conclude that after giving two doses of Exosurf, further doses might best be delayed until after two days, and that further clinical evaluation of dosage regimens is required."( Turnover of exogenous artificial surfactant.
Ashton, MR; Austin, NC; Hall, MA; Normand, IC; Postle, AD; Smith, DE, 1992)		0.28
" Ongoing trials may identify whether prophylactic or rescue administration of the surfactant preparation is the preferred approach and whether different dosage regimens or different administration techniques impart greater therapeutic efficacy."( Colfosceril palmitate. A review of the therapeutic efficacy and clinical tolerability of a synthetic surfactant preparation (Exosurf Neonatal) in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Dechant, KL; Faulds, D, 1991)		0.28
" We conclude that beneficial effects of surfactant on pulmonary mechanics were not apparent 2 hours after dosing but were evident 24 hours after dosing and persisted for the first 7 to 14 days of life."( Pulmonary mechanics and energetics in preterm infants who had respiratory distress syndrome treated with synthetic surfactant.
Abbasi, S; Bhutani, VK; Gerdes, JS; Long, WA, 1992)		0.28
" Dose-response curves for the inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation and Ca2+ mobilization reveal 50% inhibitory concentrations of 2 or 5 microM, respectively."( Hexadecylphosphocholine inhibits inositol phosphate formation and protein kinase C activity.
Demuth, L; Grunicke, HH; Maly, K; Oberhuber, H; Uberall, F; Zaknun, J, 1991)		0.28
" The overall effect was a modulation of the antigen dose-response curve for antibody production, eliminating the sharp increases in dose response mediated by isolated T cell clones."( Collaboration of Th1 and Th2 T cell clones in specific antibody responses: regulation of the IgM response to phosphorylcholine.
Currier, PF; Infante, AJ, 1989)		0.49
" A dose-response relationship was seen after daily oral treatment with complete suppression of tumor growth at doses of 46."( Characterization of the antitumor activity of hexadecylphosphocholine (D 18506).
Berger, MR; Eibl, H; Engel, J; Hilgard, P; Schumacher, W; Stekar, J; Unger, C; Voegeli, R, 1988)		0.27
"A randomized and double blind experiment has been made over 50 patients and 25 checks, by giving a dosage of 3 Fosfolip (calcium salt of phosphorylcholine chlorid with pantethine) capsules a day."( [Clinical study of the lipotropic activity of the preparation Fosfolip].
Chiti, D; Ligas, B; Proietti, C, 1983)		0.47
" Experiments with HaCaT cells and its c-Ha-ras oncogene-transfected subclones demonstrated the suitability of the assay for optimizing culture conditions, dose-response studies and for the screening and quantification of cell adhesion to extracellular matrix molecules."( The amido black assay: a simple and quantitative multipurpose test of adhesion, proliferation, and cytotoxicity in microplate cultures of keratinocytes (HaCaT) and other cell types growing adherently or in suspension.
Böhm, M; Derer, W; Dettlaff, S; Fritzsche, U; Fusenig, NE; Harms, U; Hülsen, A; Schiebel, H; Schulz, J, 1994)		0.29
" The dose-response interactions were evaluated using the median-effect analysis with the Chou and Talalay computer programme."( The synergistic and antagonistic effects of cytotoxic and biological agents on the in vitro antitumour effects of suramin.
Lopez Lopez, R; Peters, GJ; Pinedo, HM; van Rijswijk, RE; Wagstaff, J, 1994)		0.29
" In addition, at the highest dosage group in rats, an increase in white blood cell counts (WBC) was observed."( Increases in leucocyte and platelet counts induced by the alkyl phospholipid hexadecylphosphocholine.
Drogendijk, TE; Oosterom, R; Planting, AS; Pronk, LC; Stoter, G; Verweij, J, 1994)		0.29
" These findings suggest that pump administration of surfactant minimized potential airway obstruction; thus it may be an alternative to standard bolus dosing techniques."( Pump administration of exogenous surfactant: effects on oxygenation, heart rate, and chest wall movement of premature infants.
Adams, JM; McFadden, BE; Sitler, CG; Smith, EO; Turnage, CS, )		0.13
" Further research needs to be performed to determine the optimal dosing and timing of these agents, as well as comparative trials studying efficacy."( Exogenous surfactant use in neonates.
Ishisaka, DY, 1996)		0.29
" However, the concept of clinical trials requires new approaches to dose finding and response evaluation, because the dose-response relationship of this compound is distinctly different from that of classical cytostatic agents."( D-21266, a new heterocyclic alkylphospholipid with antitumour activity.
Engel, J; Hilgard, P; Klenner, T; Kutscher, B; Nössner, G; Stekar, J, 1997)		0.3
" Based on the experimental dose-response pattern, new clinical strategies for dose finding and response evaluation will have to be developed for inhibitors of signal transduction, such as alkylphosphocholines."( The development of alkylphosphocholines as signal transduction inhibitors: experimental and clinical challenges.
Engel, J; Hilgard, P; Pohl, J, 1997)		0.3
" Choline phosphate decreased rapidly during dosing in all but the 5% group, but no changes in those levels were observed after 2 weeks of galactose dosing."( Organophosphate metabolic changes in the rat lens during the development of galactose-induced cataract.
Igarashi, H; Sakagami, K; Tanaka, K; Yoshida, A, 1999)		0.3
" In vivo studies of HePC showed an increase in the total white blood count (WBC) in the highest dosage group in DMBA-induced breast carcinoma in the rat."( Stimulation of human hematopoietic progenitor cells by the alkylphosphocholines hexadecylphosphocholine and hexadecyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-hexanolamine.
Ergezinger, K; Unger, C; Vehmeyer, K, )		0.13
" Blood levels of DEA reflected the dosing method used; oral greater than dermal with access greater than dermal without access."( Potential mechanisms of tumorigenic action of diethanolamine in mice.
Bartels, MJ; Brzak, KA; Mar, M; Markham, DA; Stott, WT; Thornton, CM; Zeisel, SH, 2000)		0.31
" B6C3F1 mice were dosed dermally with DEA (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg) for 4 weeks (5 days/week)."( Diethanolamine induces hepatic choline deficiency in mice.
Gamsky, EA; Hicks, SM; Lehman-McKeeman, LD; Mar, MH; Vassallo, JD; Zeisel, SH, 2002)		0.31
" Nevertheless, the cytotoxic effect of miltefosine against intracellular amastigotes was independent of the amount of NO produced by the infected macrophages since the same dose-response curves for miltefosine were observed when the NO production was blocked by the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine monoacetate."( Proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) against drug-resistant strains of Trypanosoma cruzi.
Bozza, MT; Freire-De-Lima, CG; Gibaldi, D; Heise, N; Mendonça-Previato, L; Previato, JO; Saraiva, VB, 2002)		0.31
" This is because of the severity of the injury at the time of treatment and because of the variable surfactant preparations, dosing regimes, and delivery methods used in the different trials."( Role of exogenous surfactant in acute lung injury.
Brackenbury, A; Lewis, JF, 2003)		0.32
" Because approximately one-half of cases of VL occur in children, we evaluated use of the adult dosage of miltefosin (2."( Efficacy and tolerability of miltefosine for childhood visceral leishmaniasis in India.
Berman, JD; Bhattacharya, SK; Bryceson, AD; Engel, J; Jha, TK; Junge, K; Karbwang, J; Sindermann, H; Sundar, S; Thakur, CP, 2004)		0.32
" Groups of female B6C3F1 mice were administered 0 (vehicle) or a maximum tolerated dosage (MTD) of 1000 mg/kg/day TEA (Trial I) and 0, 10, 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg/day TEA (Trial II) in acetone vehicle via skin painting 5 days/week for 3 weeks."( Evaluation of the potential of triethanolamine to alter hepatic choline levels in female B6C3F1 mice.
Linscombe, VA; Mar, MH; Radtke, BJ; Stott, WT; Zeisel, SH, 2004)		0.32
" Repeated responses after relapse and tolerability of long courses of treatment indicate the potential for development of optimized dosage schemes."( Oral miltefosine for leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients: compassionate use in 39 patients with HIV infection.
Bommer, W; Engel, KR; Fischer, C; Sindermann, H, 2004)		0.32
" Early clinical trials were limited because of dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity, and parenteral dosing of this class of agents is not possible because of their hemolytic properties; therefore, related compounds with an improved therapeutic index were developed."( A phase I trial of perifosine (NSC 639966) on a loading dose/maintenance dose schedule in patients with advanced cancer.
Alberti, D; Arzoomanian, R; Binger, K; Kolesar, J; Marnocha, R; Tutsch, K; Van Ummersen, L; Volkman, J; Wilding, G, 2004)		0.32
" Further study is necessary to determine the dose-response and long-term effects ABT-578-eluting stents in the porcine coronary model."( Stent-based delivery of ABT-578 via a phosphorylcholine surface coating reduces neointimal formation in the porcine coronary model.
Carter, AJ; Collingwood, R; Gibson, L; Sedlik, S; Virmani, R, 2005)		0.6
" Thus, the dose-response curves of the proton-induced actions were shifted to the right in the presence of SPC regardless of stereoisoform."( Sphingosylphosphorylcholine antagonizes proton-sensing ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1)-mediated inositol phosphate production and cAMP accumulation.
Damirin, A; Hashimoto, K; Komachi, M; Kon, J; Mogi, C; Okajima, F; Sato, K; Tobo, M; Tomura, H; Wang, JQ, 2005)		0.73
"Perifosine when given according to this dosing schedule does not show evidence of activity in a mixed population of adult soft tissue sarcoma patients."( A phase II study of perifosine (D-21226) in patients with previously untreated metastatic or locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma: A National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group trial.
Blackstein, M; Bramwell, V; Dancey, J; Dore, N; Eisenhauer, E; Knowling, M; Matthews, S; Tozer, R, 2006)		0.33
" A dosage of 150 mg/day, to be started at least 1 week prior to radiotherapy, is recommended for phase II evaluation."( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of combined treatment with perifosine and radiation in patients with advanced solid tumours.
Bartelink, H; Beijnen, JH; Dubbelman, R; Engel, J; Hillebrand, MJ; Moppi, G; Schellens, JH; Sindermann, H; Verheij, M; Vink, SR, 2006)		0.33
"A multicenter Phase II study was performed to evaluate the clinical activity of an initial loading (150 mg every 6 hours x 4 doses) dose followed by continuous daily oral dosing (100 mg/day) of perifosine in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STSs)."( Phase II study of daily oral perifosine in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma.
Bailey, HH; Erlichman, C; Ettinger, DS; Fracasso, PM; Mahoney, MR; Maples, WJ; Okuno, SH; Traynor, AM, 2006)		0.33
" Miltefosine dosage regimens for the treatment of relapses and for maintenance treatment in HIV-infected patients should be established in prospective studies."( Miltefosine for visceral leishmaniasis relapse treatment and secondary prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients.
Coelho, F; Marques, N; Meliço-Silvestre, A; Oliveira, J; Sá, R; Saraiva Da Cunha, J, 2008)		0.35
"The effect of surfactant administration for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on indomethacin (INDO) pharmacodynamics and dosing requirements for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure and renal toxicity was evaluated."( Indomethacin pharmacodynamics are altered by surfactant: a possible challenge to current indomethacin dosing guidelines created before surfactant availability.
Carlos, RQ; Davonzo, C; Dimaguila, MA; Gal, P; McPherson, C; Ransom, JL; Smith, M; Wimmer, JE, 2010)		0.36
" In MM, Phase I/II clinical trials have established the optimal dosing schedule for perifosine and bortezomib in combination, and demonstrated that perifosine can sensitize to, or overcome resistance to, bortezomib, associated with prolonged responses and a favorable side effect profile."( Perifosine , an oral, anti-cancer agent and inhibitor of the Akt pathway: mechanistic actions, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity.
Anderson, KC; Eng, C; Hideshima, T; Kolesar, J; Richardson, PG, 2012)		0.38
" We hypothesized that the current linear dosage (in milligrams per kilogram of body weight) is too low for children and that a new dosing algorithm based on an appropriate body size model would result in an optimal exposure."( Optimal dosing of miltefosine in children and adults with visceral leishmaniasis.
Beijnen, JH; de Vries, PJ; Dorlo, TP; Huitema, AD, 2012)		0.38
" These drugs were incorporated in conventional dosage forms or loaded in lipid nanocarries, which have been used mainly for improved skin delivery and antileishmanial activity."( Drug delivery systems for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Aguiar, MG; Carneiro, G; Fernandes, AP; Ferreira, LA, 2012)		0.38
" Insights into the most promising delivery strategies to improve treatment of CL with PA and AmB using conventional dosage forms, lipid nanocarriers, and combined therapy are presented and discussed."( Drug delivery systems for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Aguiar, MG; Carneiro, G; Fernandes, AP; Ferreira, LA, 2012)		0.38
" Dose-response assays with Cho or PCho revealed that both metabolites at physiological concentrations are able to induce the translational repression of a mORF located downstream of the intact uORF30, without significantly altering its mRNA levels."( Translational regulation of Arabidopsis XIPOTL1 is modulated by phosphocholine levels via the phylogenetically conserved upstream open reading frame 30.
Alatorre-Cobos, F; Alva-Cortés, E; Chauvin, AL; Cruz-Ramírez, A; Hayden, CA; Herrera-Estrella, L; Ibarra-Laclette, E; Jorgensen, RA; Pérez-Torres, CA, 2012)		0.38
" Pharmacokinetic behaviors of orally dosed TL formulations were evaluated in rats using UPLC/ESI-MS."( Development of novel solid dispersion of tranilast using amphiphilic block copolymer for improved oral bioavailability.
Hashimoto, N; Kawabata, Y; Kojo, Y; Kou, K; Onoue, S; Suzuki, H; Yamada, S; Yamauchi, Y; Yuminoki, K, 2013)		0.39
" infantum leishmaniosis, highlighting the need to perform additional studies to optimize the dosing regimen and to assess long-term treatment efficacy of this drug."( First study on efficacy and tolerability of a new alkylphosphocholine molecule (oleylphosphocholine-OlPC) in the treatment of canine leishmaniosis due to Leishmania infantum.
Bello, A; Bosschaerts, T; Checa, R; Fortin, A; Gálvez, R; Hernández, L; Jansen, H; Miró, G; Montoya, A; Rupérez, C, 2014)		0.4
"Achieving a sufficient exposure to miltefosine is a significant and critical factor for VL treatment success, suggesting an urgent need to evaluate the recently proposed optimal allometric miltefosine dosing regimen."( Failure of miltefosine in visceral leishmaniasis is associated with low drug exposure.
Beijnen, JH; Bhattarai, N; Boelaert, M; de Vries, PJ; Dorlo, TP; Dujardin, JC; Huitema, AD; Ostyn, B; Rijal, S; Singh, R; Uranw, S, 2014)		0.4
" The poly[MPC-co-BMA]-based SMSD formulation system might be an efficacious dosage option for CsA to achieve improvements in oral bioavailability."( Self-micellizing solid dispersion of cyclosporine A with improved dissolution and oral bioavailability.
Hashimoto, N; Kojo, Y; Matsunaga, S; Mizumoto, T; Onoue, S; Sato, H; Suzuki, H; Yamada, S; Yuminoki, K, 2014)		0.4
"To identify epidemiological and clinical risk factors for relapse of VL in patients recently treated with standard dosing of miltefosine in India and Nepal."( Failure of miltefosine treatment for visceral leishmaniasis in children and men in South-East Asia.
Boelaert, M; Dorlo, TP; Dujardin, JC; Hasker, E; Ostyn, B; Rijal, S; Sundar, S, 2014)		0.4
" Initial dose-response experiments showed that an oral daily dose of 40 mg/kg of OlPC was needed to impact time to cure and lesion sizes."( Direct comparison of the efficacy and safety of oral treatments with oleylphosphocholine (OlPC) and miltefosine in a mouse model of L. major cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Bosschaerts, T; Caridha, DP; Fortin, A; Grogl, M; Hickman, MR; Hudson, TH; Leed, S; Ngundam, F; Parriott, S; Sena, J, 2014)		0.4
" fumigatus mouse model, adopting a short-term and long-term oral or intraperitoneal dosing regimen."( Efficacy of oleylphosphocholine (OlPC) in vitro and in a mouse model of invasive aspergillosis.
Bosschaerts, T; Boulet, G; Cos, P; Fortin, A; Maes, L; Paulussen, C, 2015)		0.42
" Miltefosine dosing for GAE has been based on leishmaniasis dosing because no data exist in humans concerning its pharmacologic distribution in the central nervous system."( Assessment of blood-brain barrier penetration of miltefosine used to treat a fatal case of granulomatous amebic encephalitis possibly caused by an unusual Balamuthia mandrillaris strain.
Atkins, JT; Dorlo, TP; Gennuso, R; Guglielmo, BJ; Hayes, T; Kofos, D; Kucerova, Z; Qvarnstrom, Y; Roy, SL; Sriram, RR; Visvesvara, GS, 2015)		0.42
"In this study 86 confirmed cases of PKDL were treated with two different dosage regimens of miltefosine (Regimen I- 50mg twice daily for 90 days and Regimen II- 50 mg thrice for 60 days) and the clinical outcome assessed monthly."( Decline in Clinical Efficacy of Oral Miltefosine in Treatment of Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) in India.
Avishek, K; Deep, DK; Ramesh, V; Salotra, P; Singh, R; Verma, A; Verma, S, 2015)		0.42
" Daily dosing over 28 days in rats resulted in mild to moderate, unilateral or bilateral erosion/ulceration of the olfactory epithelium, frequently with minimal to mild, acute to sub-acute inflammation of the lamina propria at the dorsal turbinates of the nasal cavity in 2/10 males and 3/10 females in the high-dose group (0."( A novel nasal powder formulation of glucagon: toxicology studies in animal models.
Carballo, D; McInally, K; Normand, P; Piché, C; Reno, FE; Silo, S; Stotland, P; Triest, M, 2015)		0.42
"SMSD/TL-RP might be an attractive dosage form to improve the anti-inflammatory effects and safety of TL."( Strategic application of self-micellizing solid dispersion technology to respirable powder formulation of tranilast for improved therapeutic potential.
Hashimoto, N; Kojo, Y; Onoue, S; Suzuki, H; Yakushiji, K; Yuminoki, K, 2016)		0.43
" When administered to human ovarian tumor-bearing mice using a recurring dosing regimen comparable to that used clinically, polyMPC-Dox significantly retarded tumor growth relative to treatment with free Dox."( Evaluation of PolyMPC-Dox Prodrugs in a Human Ovarian Tumor Model.
Arenas, RB; Crisi, GM; Emrick, T; McRae Page, S; Mora, MC; Schneider, SS; Skinner, M; Wong, KE, 2016)		0.43
" In the light of recommended therapeutic regimen is attributed for toxicity and development of clinical resistance, exploration of an efficient method of drug delivery could be one of the option in reducing the dosage and toxicity of drugs."( Biocompatible silver nanoparticles reduced from Anethum graveolens leaf extract augments the antileishmanial efficacy of miltefosine.
Dayakar, A; Gangappa, D; Kalangi, SK; Maurya, RS; Narayana Rao, D; Sathyavathi, R, 2016)		0.43
" Allometric dosing of miltefosine in children needs to be evaluated."( Efficacy and Safety of AmBisome in Combination with Sodium Stibogluconate or Miltefosine and Miltefosine Monotherapy for African Visceral Leishmaniasis: Phase II Randomized Trial.
Alexander, N; Ali, MH; Alves, F; Balasegaram, M; Dorlo, TP; Edwards, T; Elamin, MY; Ellis, S; Hailu, A; Juma, R; Khalil, EA; Kimutai, R; Kip, AE; Kirigi, G; Musa, A; Musa, B; Njenga, S; Olobo, J; Omollo, R; Schoone, GJ; Strub Wourgaft, N; Wasunna, M; Wells, S, 2016)		0.43
" Furthermore, we explored exposure-response relationships and simulated alternative dosing regimens."( Simultaneous population pharmacokinetic modelling of plasma and intracellular PBMC miltefosine concentrations in New World cutaneous leishmaniasis and exploration of exposure-response relationships.
Beijnen, JH; Castro, MDM; Cossio, A; Dorlo, TPC; Gomez, MA; Kip, AE; Saravia, NG; Schellens, JHM, 2018)		0.48
" In linear dosing simulations, 18."( Simultaneous population pharmacokinetic modelling of plasma and intracellular PBMC miltefosine concentrations in New World cutaneous leishmaniasis and exploration of exposure-response relationships.
Beijnen, JH; Castro, MDM; Cossio, A; Dorlo, TPC; Gomez, MA; Kip, AE; Saravia, NG; Schellens, JHM, 2018)		0.48
" Miltefosine, the only oral treatment, failed to achieve adequate efficacy, particularly in children, in whom linear dosing (2."( Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy of an Allometric Miltefosine Regimen for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern African Children: An Open-label, Phase II Clinical Trial.
Alvar, J; Alves, F; Dorlo, TPC; Egondi, TW; Kimutai, R; Kip, AE; Kirigi, G; Mbui, J; Olobo, J; Omollo, R; Omollo, T; Sagaki, P; Solomos, A; Wasunna, M; Were, L, 2019)		0.51
"We conducted a Phase II trial in 30 children with visceral leishmaniasis, aged 4-12 years, to test whether 28 days of allometric miltefosine dosing safely achieves a higher systemic exposure than linear dosing."( Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy of an Allometric Miltefosine Regimen for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern African Children: An Open-label, Phase II Clinical Trial.
Alvar, J; Alves, F; Dorlo, TPC; Egondi, TW; Kimutai, R; Kip, AE; Kirigi, G; Mbui, J; Olobo, J; Omollo, R; Omollo, T; Sagaki, P; Solomos, A; Wasunna, M; Were, L, 2019)		0.51
"Allometric miltefosine dosing achieved increased and less-variable exposure than linear dosing, though not reaching the expected exposure levels."( Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy of an Allometric Miltefosine Regimen for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern African Children: An Open-label, Phase II Clinical Trial.
Alvar, J; Alves, F; Dorlo, TPC; Egondi, TW; Kimutai, R; Kip, AE; Kirigi, G; Mbui, J; Olobo, J; Omollo, R; Omollo, T; Sagaki, P; Solomos, A; Wasunna, M; Were, L, 2019)		0.51
"Improved thromboresistance of mechanical valves is desired to decrease the risk of thromboembolism and thrombosis and reduce the dosage of anticoagulation with a vitamin K antagonist (e."( Short-term evaluation of thromboresistance of a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) mechanical heart valve with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC)-grafted surface in a porcine aortic valve replacement model.
Fukazawa, K; Ishihara, K; Kakinoki, S; Kambe, Y; Kyomoto, M; Liu, Y; Mahara, A; Minatoya, K; Tanaka, H; Yamaoka, T, 2019)		0.72
"Combining the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus dosed at 115 mg weekly and the AKT inhibitor perifosine dosed at 100 mg daily (following 600 mg load) is tolerable in heavily pretreated adults with recurrent MGs."( Phase I clinical trial of temsirolimus and perifosine for recurrent glioblastoma.
Abrey, LE; DeAngelis, LM; Gavrilovic, I; Holland, EC; Kaley, TJ; Lacouture, ME; Lassman, AB; Ludwig, E; Mellinghoff, IK; Nolan, C; Omuro, A; Panageas, KS; Pentsova, EI, 2020)		0.56
"Conventional miltefosine dosing (2."( Characterizing the non-linear pharmacokinetics of miltefosine in paediatric visceral leishmaniasis patients from Eastern Africa.
Alves, F; Beijnen, JH; Dorlo, TPC; Kip, AE; Mbui, J; Musa, A; Olobo, J; Palić, S; Solomos, A; Wasunna, M, 2020)		0.56
"Fifty-one children with VL were included in this analysis, treated with either a conventional (n = 21) or allometric (n = 30) miltefosine dosing regimen."( Characterizing the non-linear pharmacokinetics of miltefosine in paediatric visceral leishmaniasis patients from Eastern Africa.
Alves, F; Beijnen, JH; Dorlo, TPC; Kip, AE; Mbui, J; Musa, A; Olobo, J; Palić, S; Solomos, A; Wasunna, M, 2020)		0.56
" Despite this, allometric dosing led to a faster target achievement and increased exposure compared with conventional dosing."( Characterizing the non-linear pharmacokinetics of miltefosine in paediatric visceral leishmaniasis patients from Eastern Africa.
Alves, F; Beijnen, JH; Dorlo, TPC; Kip, AE; Mbui, J; Musa, A; Olobo, J; Palić, S; Solomos, A; Wasunna, M, 2020)		0.56
" Preclinical studies on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-infective agents, such as anti-bacterials and anti-fungals, have provided valuable information in the development and dosing of these agents."( Pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic relationships of liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
Angulo-Barturen, I; Coteron-Lopez, JM; Croft, SL; Ferrer-Bazaga, S; Harris, A; Seifert, K; Voak, AA, 2021)		0.62
"Using a PK/PD approach we propose optimal dosing strategies for AmBisome."( Pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic relationships of liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
Angulo-Barturen, I; Coteron-Lopez, JM; Croft, SL; Ferrer-Bazaga, S; Harris, A; Seifert, K; Voak, AA, 2021)		0.62
"tropica infection, at a dosage of ∼2."( The effect of oral miltefosine in treatment of antimoniate resistant anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis: An uncontrolled clinical trial.
Darchini-Maragheh, E; Goyonlo, VM; Kiafar, B; Layegh, P; Tayyebi, M, 2021)		0.62
" This review provides an update on the most recent developments in the area of clinical pharmacology of miltefosine, including a discussion of the current dosing regimens."( An update on the clinical pharmacology of miltefosine in the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Beijnen, JH; Dorlo, TPC; Palić, S, 2022)		0.72
" Allometric dosing ensured similar MF exposure in children (<12 years) and adults."( Paromomycin and Miltefosine Combination as an Alternative to Treat Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicountry Trial.
Alcoba, G; Alvar, J; Alves, F; Dorlo, TPC; Egondi, T; Fikre, H; Ismail Omer Haroun, A; Khalil, EAG; Mbui, J; Mekonnen, T; Mersha, D; Mohammed, R; Musa Younis, B; Musa, AM; Muthoni Ouattara, G; Nakanwagi, P; Njenga, S; Nour, A; Olobo, J; Omollo, T; Ritmeijer, K; Sagaki, P; Sisay, K; Solomos, A; Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi, E; Verrest, L; Wasunna, M, 2023)		0.91
" Following the confirmation of significant in vitro activity, the performance of the maximum tolerated dose of OLPC was evaluated in an experimental murine model of CL followed by a dose-response titration and the efficacy evaluation of four OLPC formulations (two with a fast-release and two with a slow-release profile) using bioluminescent Leishmania major parasites."( Efficacy of oleylphosphocholine in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Alavijeh, M; Croft, SL; Dixon, J; Harris, A; Mcarthur, KN; Platteeuw, JJ; Van Bocxlaer, K; Van Den Heuvel, D; Yardley, V, 2023)		0.91
"To improve visceral leishmaniasis (VL) treatment in Eastern Africa, 14- and 28-day combination regimens of paromomycin plus allometrically dosed miltefosine were evaluated."( Population pharmacokinetics of a combination of miltefosine and paromomycin in Eastern African children and adults with visceral leishmaniasis.
Alves, F; Chu, WY; Dorlo, TPC; Huitema, ADR; Mbui, J; Mohammed, R; Musa, AM; Njenga, S; Olobo, J; Ritmeijer, K; Roseboom, IC; Solomos, A; Verrest, L; Wasunna, M, 2023)		0.91
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (5)

RoleDescription
epitopeThe biological role played by a material entity when bound by a receptor of the adaptive immune system. Specific site on an antigen to which an antibody binds.
haptenAny substance capable of eliciting an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein. Examples include dinitrophenols; oligosaccharides; peptides; and heavy metals.
human metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
mouse metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
allergenA chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
phosphocholinesAny compound having phosphocholine as part of its structure.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (1,178)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Metabolism14961108
Metabolism of lipids500463
Phospholipid metabolism12242
PI Metabolism4911
Glycerophospholipid catabolism77
Sphingolipid metabolism5550
Glycosphingolipid metabolism3031
Signaling Pathways1269117
Death Receptor Signaling759
p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling329
Ceramide signalling33
Phospholipid Biosynthesis2529
Sphingolipid Metabolism2335
Gaucher Disease2335
Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy2335
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD)2335
Fabry Disease2335
Krabbe Disease2335
Lamivudine Metabolism Pathway1816
Choline Metabolism1827
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER1023
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(10:0/10:0)1016
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(14:0/14:0)1023
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(16:0/16:0)1024
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))1024
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(16:1(11Z)/16:1(11Z))1017
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(18:0/18:0)1024
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))1023
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(18:2(9Z,11Z)/18:2(9Z,11Z))1019
Lysolipid Incorporation into ER PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))1023
Choline Biosynthesis I415
Choline Biosynthesis II618
Glycine Betaine Biosynthesis I621
Glycine Betaine Biosynthesis II824
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis615
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:2(11Z,14Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:1(13Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:2(13Z,16Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:0/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/14:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/14:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/15:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/16:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/16:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:1(9Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:1(11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:2(11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:1(13Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:2(13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/24:0)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(24:1(15Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/24:1(15Z))620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D3/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11D5/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13D5/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D3/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9D5/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M3/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(11M5/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/11D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/9D5)619
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(13M5/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/11D3)619
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/11D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/13D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/9D3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/9D5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/11M3)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/11M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/13M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(9M5/9M5)620
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(13Z)/20:1(13Z))1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(13Z)/22:0)1120
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(13Z)/22:1(13Z))1120
Immune System91482
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system49511
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis614
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/14:0) | PE(14:0/14:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/i-15:0) | PE(14:0/i-15:0)613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/16:0) | PE(14:0/16:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/16:1(9Z)) | PE(14:0/16:1(9Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/i-17:0) | PE(14:0/i-17:0)613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:0) | PE(14:0/18:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:1(9Z)) | PE(14:0/18:1(9Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:1(11Z)) | PE(14:0/18:1(11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | PE(14:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) | PE(14:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | PE(14:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:0) | PE(14:0/20:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) | PE(14:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(14:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(14:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(14:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(14:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/i-15:0) | PE(i-15:0/i-15:0)613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/16:0) | PE(i-15:0/16:0)613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/16:1(9Z)) | PE(i-15:0/16:1(9Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/i-17:0) | PE(i-15:0/i-17:0)613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/18:0) | PE(i-15:0/18:0)613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/18:1(9Z)) | PE(i-15:0/18:1(9Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/18:1(11Z)) | PE(i-15:0/18:1(11Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | PE(i-15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) | PE(i-15:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | PE(i-15:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/20:0) | PE(i-15:0/20:0)613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) | PE(i-15:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(i-15:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(i-15:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(i-15:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-15:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(i-15:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/16:0) | PE(16:0/16:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/16:1(9Z)) | PE(16:0/16:1(9Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/i-17:0) | PE(16:0/i-17:0)613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:0) | PE(16:0/18:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:1(9Z)) | PE(16:0/18:1(9Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:1(11Z)) | PE(16:0/18:1(11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | PE(16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) | PE(16:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | PE(16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:0) | PE(16:0/20:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) | PE(16:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(16:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(16:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(16:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(16:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z)) | PE(16:1(9Z)/16:1(9Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/i-17:0) | PE(16:1(9Z)/i-17:0)613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:0) | PE(16:1(9Z)/18:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)) | PE(16:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z)) | PE(16:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | PE(16:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) | PE(16:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | PE(16:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:0) | PE(16:1(9Z)/20:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) | PE(16:1(9Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(16:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(16:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(16:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(16:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-17:0/i-17:0) | PE(i-17:0/i-17:0)613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-17:0/18:0) | PE(i-17:0/18:0)613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-17:0/18:1(9Z)) | PE(i-17:0/18:1(9Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-17:0/18:1(11Z)) | PE(i-17:0/18:1(11Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-17:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | PE(i-17:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-17:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) | PE(i-17:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-17:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | PE(i-17:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-17:0/20:0) | PE(i-17:0/20:0)613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-17:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) | PE(i-17:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-17:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(i-17:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-17:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(i-17:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-17:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(i-17:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(i-17:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(i-17:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))613
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:0) | PE(18:0/18:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:1(9Z)) | PE(18:0/18:1(9Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:1(11Z)) | PE(18:0/18:1(11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | PE(18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) | PE(18:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | PE(18:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:0) | PE(18:0/20:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) | PE(18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(18:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(18:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(18:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)) | PE(18:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z)) | PE(18:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | PE(18:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) | PE(18:1(9Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | PE(18:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:0) | PE(18:1(9Z)/20:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) | PE(18:1(9Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(18:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(18:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(18:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(18:1(9Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z)) | PE(18:1(11Z)/18:1(11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | PE(18:1(11Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) | PE(18:1(11Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | PE(18:1(11Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:0) | PE(18:1(11Z)/20:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) | PE(18:1(11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(18:1(11Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(18:1(11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(18:1(11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(18:1(11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) | PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0) | PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) | PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) | PE(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | PE(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:0) | PE(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) | PE(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | PE(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:0) | PE(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) | PE(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:0) | PE(20:0/20:0)617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) | PE(20:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(20:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(20:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(20:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(20:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) | PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) | PE(20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z))617
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/14:1(9Z)) | PE(14:0/14:1(9Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/15:0) | PE(14:0/15:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/20:1(11Z)) | PE(14:0/20:1(11Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:0/22:0) | PE(14:0/22:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z)) | PE(14:1(9Z)/14:1(9Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/15:0) | PE(14:1(9Z)/15:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/16:0) | PE(14:1(9Z)/16:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:0) | PE(14:1(9Z)/18:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z)) | PE(14:1(9Z)/18:1(9Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z)) | PE(14:1(9Z)/18:1(11Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | PE(14:1(9Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | PE(14:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z)) | PE(14:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(14:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(14:1(9Z)/22:0) | PE(14:1(9Z)/22:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/15:0) | PE(15:0/15:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/16:0) | PE(15:0/16:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:0) | PE(15:0/18:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:1(9Z)) | PE(15:0/18:1(9Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:1(11Z)) | PE(15:0/18:1(11Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) | PE(15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) | PE(15:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:1(11Z)) | PE(15:0/20:1(11Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(15:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(15:0/22:0) | PE(15:0/22:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/20:1(11Z)) | PE(16:0/20:1(11Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/22:0) | PE(16:0/22:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/20:1(11Z)) | PE(18:0/20:1(11Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:0/22:0) | PE(18:0/22:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z)) | PE(18:1(9Z)/20:1(11Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(9Z)/22:0) | PE(18:1(9Z)/22:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z)) | PE(18:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:1(11Z)/22:0) | PE(18:1(11Z)/22:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z)) | PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:1(11Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0) | PE(18:2(9Z,12Z)/22:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:1(11Z)) | PE(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/20:1(11Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:0) | PE(18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)/22:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z)) | PE(20:1(11Z)/20:1(11Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) | PE(20:1(11Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z))717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:1(11Z)/22:0) | PE(20:1(11Z)/22:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:0) | PE(20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/22:0)717
Phosphatidylcholine/Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PC(22:0/22:0) | PE(22:0/22:0)717
Signaling by CSF1 (M-CSF) in myeloid cells246
Glycosphingolipid catabolism1716
superpathway of phospholipid biosynthesis027
ester phospholipid biosynthesis021
Kennedy pathway012
Trans-sulfuration, one-carbon metabolism and related pathways053
Glycerophospholipid biosynthetic pathway3233
Biochemical pathways: part I0466
Kennedy pathway from sphingolipids011
One-carbon metabolism and related pathways038
Acetylcholine synthesis05
Choline biosynthesis I014
Choline biosynthesis III07

Bioassays (1)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1066461Induction of [alpha-32P]-UTP-labeled Simian virus 40 late pre-mRNA 3' cleavage at 1 mM treated with 3' cleavage factors from human HeLa cell nuclear extract after 2 hrs by PAGE analysis2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 22, Issue:2
Structurally diverse low molecular weight activators of the mammalian pre-mRNA 3' cleavage reaction.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (5,142)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990748 (14.55)18.7374
1990's954 (18.55)18.2507
2000's1373 (26.70)29.6817
2010's1655 (32.19)24.3611
2020's412 (8.01)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 47.95

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index47.95 (24.57)
Research Supply Index8.62 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.71 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index163.84 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index3.98 (0.95)

This Compound (47.95)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials255 (4.80%)5.53%
Reviews299 (5.63%)6.00%
Case Studies139 (2.62%)4.05%
Observational7 (0.13%)0.25%
Other4,608 (86.81%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.		2.4110O-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
alpha-hydroxyglutarate
2-hydroxyglutarate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.. 2-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.21102-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2,3-diphosphoglycerate
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508). 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid : A bisphosphoglyceric acid that is glyceric acid carrying two phospho substituents at positions 2 and 3.		1.9810bisphosphoglyceric acid;
tetronic acid derivative		human metabolite
phosphoserine
Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.		4.1950non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid;
serine derivative		human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		4.8660amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.		1.9610monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		2.11104-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethylene glycol
Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.		7.8130ethanediol;
glycol		metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
solvent;
toxin
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.7230monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.		2.4110aldehydecarcinogenic agent;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
electron acceptor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		2.9840ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		3.29606-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		2.9240azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		1.9810acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		2.2510benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		8.42473amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
bromide
Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)		2.5120halide anion;
monoatomic bromine
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		2.4520alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		1.9910fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		2.0210amino-acid anion
carnitine
[no description available]		4.4460amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		3.6690alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
choline
[no description available]		15.836477cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		3.71100halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		7.4320coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
aminoethylphosphonic acid
Aminoethylphosphonic Acid: An organophosphorus compound isolated from human and animal tissues.. (2-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group.		2.2110phosphonic acids;
primary amino compound;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		1.9910trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphate
nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.		2.940aryl phosphatemouse metabolite
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		3.7620(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
trimetaphosphoric acid
trimetaphosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclotriphosphoric acid : The cyclic anhydride of triphosphoric acid.		1.9610cyclic phosphorus acid anhydride;
inorganic heterocyclic compound;
phosphorus oxoacid
creatine
[no description available]		6.34290glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		11.043602-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethylglycine
dimethylglycine: metabolic product of calcium pangamate; mutagen when mixed with nitrite; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethylglycine : An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents.		2.420amino acid zwitterion;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dimethylamine
[no description available]		2.0510methylamines;
secondary aliphatic amine		metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		3.81110sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
ethanolamine
[no description available]		10.17150ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
primary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		2.8940aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		10.79100alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		5.95330alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
alpha-glycerophosphoric acid
[no description available]		3.580glycerol monophosphatealgal metabolite;
human metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		2.9340aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		4.52240elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroxylamine
amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.		2.7130hydroxylaminesalgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
nitric oxide donor;
nucleophilic reagent
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		2.0110imidazole
indole
[no description available]		2.1710indole;
polycyclic heteroarene		Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid
indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.		1.9610indole-3-acetic acids;
monocarboxylic acid		auxin;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		2.0610diatomic iodinenutrient
endolysin
lysine-4,4,5,5-d4 : A deuterated compound that is lysne in which the methylene hydrogens at positions 4, 4, 5 and 5 have been replaced by deuterium.		2.1310alpha-amino acid;
diamino acid;
polar amino acid		Daphnia magna metabolite
malonic acid
malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.		2.0210alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		3.150alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid
Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.		2.3720inositol phosphate
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		5.19180cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		2.0810acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
naphthalene
[no description available]		7.0410naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		2.9540metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		4.871pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		1.9810monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		210monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		2.0210aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.		1.98104-nitrophenolshuman xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		3.2560long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.0110phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphorylethanolamine
phosphorylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. O-phosphoethanolamine : The ethanolamine mono-ester of phosphoric acid, and a metabolite of phospholipid metabolism. This phosphomonoester shows strong structural similarity to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and is decreased in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brain.		12.271103phosphoethanolamine;
primary amino compound		algal metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
propylene glycol
Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.		2.1710glycol;
propane-1,2-diols		allergen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.0510propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
putrescine
[no description available]		1.9610alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		1.9610methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		2.0310hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		2.39202-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
sarcosine
cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis		2.7230N-alkylglycine zwitterion;
N-alkylglycine;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
glycine transporter 1 inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
spermidine
[no description available]		2.420polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
spermine
[no description available]		2.3720polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		4.4160alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
taurine
[no description available]		3.82110amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trimethyloxamine
trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.		4.9332tertiary amine oxideEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
osmolyte
trimethylamine
[no description available]		2.3820methylamines;
tertiary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		2.1310uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		3.6190isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin
Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).		2.1510benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
xanthine
7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.		2.610xanthineSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets		2.3920
pk 11195
PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine		2.0410aromatic amide;
isoquinolines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent
1-aminobenzotriazole
[no description available]		1.9710
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		3.2660aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
edelfosine
edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.		8.93610glycerophosphocholine
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		2.0210chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		1.9610dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		210alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.		2.0310organoboron compound;
primary amino compound		calcium channel blocker;
IP3 receptor antagonist;
potassium channel opener
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		1.9610ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
3-nitropropionic acid
3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.		2.0510C-nitro compoundantimycobacterial drug;
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
mycotoxin;
neurotoxin
ro 5-4864
4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor		2.0410
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		2.420aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.		1.9710chlorine molecular entity;
mercuribenzoic acid
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		1.9810acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
tyrphostin ag957
tyrphostin AG957: tyrosine kinase blocker; structure given in first source		2.0210aromatic amine
albendazole
[no description available]		2.4520aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		2.420phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		2.0810adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		1.9510dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
theophylline
[no description available]		1.9510dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		3.56201-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		4.2650benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
atrazine
[no description available]		2.2110chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
diamino-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		2.1110aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelaic acid
nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.		2.0810alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
plant metabolite
benzamidine
benzamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzamidine : A carboxamidine that is benzene carrying an amidino group.		2.4120benzenes;
carboxamidine		serine protease inhibitor
benzethonium
Benzethonium: Bactericidal cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant used as a topical anti-infective agent. It is an ingredient in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, etc., and is used to disinfect apparatus, etc., in the food processing and pharmaceutical industries, in surgery, and also as a preservative. The compound is toxic orally as a result of neuromuscular blockade.		2.4620alkylbenzene
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.		2.3920ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite
bisindolylmaleimide i
bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide		2.3920
butenafine
butenafine: studied on experimental dermatophytosis. butenafine : Trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.		2.1310naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		antifungal drug;
EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor
caffeine
[no description available]		2.3720purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		2.420aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
beta-glycerophosphoric acid
beta-glycerophosphoric acid: plays role in mineralization of bone in vitro. glycerol 2-phosphate : A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 2-position.		1.9610glycerol monophosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
calmidazolium
calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.		1.9910imidazolium ionapoptosis inducer;
calmodulin antagonist
camphor, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		1.9910bornane monoterpenoid;
cyclic monoterpene ketone		plant metabolite
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.		210hydrazone;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
ionophore
celecoxib
[no description available]		2.4920organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.		3.4470quaternary ammonium ion
cetyl alcohol
cetyl alcohol: has been used for eczema, skin irritations; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of sixteen carbon atoms.. hexadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.		2.3920hexadecanol;
long-chain primary fatty alcohol		algal metabolite;
flavouring agent;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
cetylpyridinium
Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.		2.0810pyridinium ion
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		2.420benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.3960aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		3.8121organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		2.110aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		2.0410monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cyclothiazide
cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.		2.0310benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
cystamine
[no description available]		2.0610organic disulfide;
primary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
decanoic acid
decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.		2.0610medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
r 59022
R 59022: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source; platelet activator factor antagonist		1.9910diarylmethane
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		1.9710benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
diethyl pyrocarbonate
Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.		2.0210acyclic carboxylic anhydride
diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.		1.9710N-carbamoylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		2.0110pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
benzophenone
benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.		2.4720benzophenonesphotosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		2.9440piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		4.0440branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase		1.9610
endosulfan
Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61). endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10.		1.9710cyclic sulfite ester;
cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		3.5280
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		7.4110ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		1.9710anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		6.43130conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		3.620aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		5.7371nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.2510carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		2.0510chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		2.0510
glutaral
Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.		2.8230dialdehydecross-linking reagent;
disinfectant;
fixative
glyphosate
glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).		2.3110glycine derivative;
phosphonic acid		agrochemical;
EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
herbicide
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		5.1631methoxybenzenes
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		2.6730isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		23.1298383phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
hexamethonium
Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.		2.0410quaternary ammonium salt
hexamethylene bisacetamide
N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208		1.9610acetamides
ethidium
Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.		2.9540phenanthridinesfluorochrome;
intercalator
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		1.9910azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		2.7130monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		9.7190aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		1.98103-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.7330secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		210catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		4.7490dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		2.4820benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketotifen
Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.		7.0410cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		2.4620furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
kojic acid
[no description available]		2.03104-pyranones;
enol;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
skin lightening agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		3.411monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		3.3160chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.		2.0810aminoquinoline;
aromatic amine;
p-quinones;
quinolone		antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.2510diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		1.9710aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		2.0410primary aliphatic amine
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		210aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methacrylic acid
methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.		7.1510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		4.9240C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.4620dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
ml 7
ML-7 : An N-sulfonyldiazepane resullting from the formal condensation of 5-iodo-1-naphthylsulfonic acid with one of the nitrogens of 1,4-diazepane. It is a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18).		2.0310N-sulfonyldiazepane;
organoiodine compound		EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor
apnea
Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		1.9810purine nucleoside
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.420quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.1310cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		2.6930C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		2.0810aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		2.69302-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		210C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		2.110fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxotremorine
Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.		1.9710N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxybenzone
oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.		210hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene		dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		1.9310aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		2.01101,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclonine
Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.		1.9510phenylalanine derivative
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		3.5380aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		7.68160aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		1.9510barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		5.3631oxopurine
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		2.3820barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		1.9510aromatic amine
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		1.9910pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		2.4120inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
potassium iodide
Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.		2.2110potassium saltexpectorant;
radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid
para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.		2.0210aminobenzoate;
aromatic amino-acid anion		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		3.0440isoquinolines
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		2.0710aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
proadifen
Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.		1.9710diarylmethane
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		2.0310dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.1310N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
propanil
Propanil: A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide.. propanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the amino group of 3,4-dichloroaniline. It is a herbicide used for the treatment of numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat.		2.4620anilide;
dichlorobenzene		herbicide
propidium
Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.		2.0210phenanthridines;
quaternary ammonium ion		fluorochrome;
intercalator
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		2.4420phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		2.940naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
ro 31-8220
Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor		2.4320imidothiocarbamic ester;
indoles;
maleimides		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ropinirole
[no description available]		2.1310indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist
sb 202190
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase		210imidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
phenols;
pyridines		apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		7.0310ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sodium fluoride
[no description available]		1.9910fluoride saltmutagen
stearic acid
octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.		2.7430long-chain fatty acid;
saturated fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		4.5570dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		2.3820quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		1.97101,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.420naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
tegafur
[no description available]		2.0310organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
temozolomide
[no description available]		4.670imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		2.0510diarylmethane
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		8.2772phthalimides;
piperidones
2,4-thiazolidinedione
thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.		2.0110thiazolidenedione
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		2.4620monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate
8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910trihydroxybenzoic acid
trifluralin
Trifluralin: A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.. trifluralin : A substituted aniline that is N,N-dipropylaniline substituted by a nitro groups at positions 2 and 6 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is an agrochemical used as a pre-emergence herbicide.		2.0810(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
substituted aniline		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		1.9510amine
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		2.0110chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tyramine
[no description available]		1.9510monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.1310aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
urethane
[no description available]		7.0810carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
vesamicol
vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9810piperidines
w 7
W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist		2.0510
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.		210aromatic primary alcohol;
furans;
indazoles		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
zinc chloride
zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.		2.0710inorganic chloride;
zinc molecular entity		astringent;
disinfectant;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
Lewis acid
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		1.9910mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		4.972111beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.61016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		2.4320glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
thymidine
[no description available]		3.2560pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		2.02104-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		3.52201-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		3.0950ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		2.15103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
prednisolone acetate
prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer		3.4311corticosteroid hormone
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		2.0310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		2.432017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		3.4620penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
idoxuridine
[no description available]		1.9510organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		1.9510organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.		210nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
biguanides
Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.		4.9160guanidines
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		2.3920chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		3.72100alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		8.89120L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		5380aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		3.85110amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		4.25180aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		1.9610carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		3.3970glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		1.9410bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		2.8940ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		1.9510pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		3.690adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
uridine
[no description available]		5.4151uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		3.1250pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		4.14160D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.4720monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		5.25120ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		5.55220amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		2.8940adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		3.2250amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine monophosphate
Cytidine Monophosphate: Cytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. cytidine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.4420cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cytidine diphosphate
Cytidine Diphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate.		2.4420cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine triphosphate
Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		1.9810pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		2.4620lactose
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		3.5380aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.		8.94283
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		3.5880amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine
[no description available]		7.6730cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		3.79110cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		2.3920antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		3.2460diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.0210chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		1.99104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
mannitol
[no description available]		3.1350mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		2.4120beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		1.9510non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		2.4220amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		4.42210amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		3.3860L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		8.2960amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		4.55240erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		2.9940aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		4.08150arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
methylamine
methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.		1.9510methylamines;
one-carbon compound;
primary aliphatic amine		mouse metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		3.3260aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
tetramethylammonium
tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.		6.9510quaternary ammonium ion
trifluoroethanol
Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications.		4.46220fluoroalcohol
gibberellic acid
gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.		2.3110C19-gibberellin;
gibberellin monocarboxylic acid;
lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		2.3620benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		2.7230primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
isoprene
isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.		2.7830alkadiene;
hemiterpene;
volatile organic compound		plant metabolite
acrylamide
[no description available]		2.4320acrylamides;
N-acylammonia;
primary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
Maillard reaction product;
mutagen;
neurotoxin
acrylic acid
acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.		2.8230alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acidmetabolite
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		7.0310bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
methylmethacrylate
Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.		1.9910enoate ester;
methyl ester		allergen;
polymerisation monomer
skatole
[no description available]		1.9610methylindolehuman metabolite;
mammalian metabolite
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		7.01106-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
penicillanic acid
Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.		2.0510penicillanic acids
xylitol
xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.		2.6830
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		3.1510pyrrolidin-2-ones
anthranilamide
[no description available]		2.0210substituted aniline
picric acid
picric acid: used as antiseptic, astringent & stimulant for epitheliazation; structure. picric acid : A C-nitro compound comprising phenol having three nitro substtituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		2.4220C-nitro compoundantiseptic drug;
explosive;
fixative
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		2.8430mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline
[no description available]		2.1710azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinolines
2-naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.		2.0510naphthylaminecarcinogenic agent
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		2.7630xanthene
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		2.0210benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
benzothiophene
[no description available]		2.21101-benzothiophenes;
benzothiophene
thioglycerol
thioglycerol: potentiates action of bradykinin in guinea-pig ileum; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. monothioglycerol : A thiol that is glycerol in which one of the primary hydroxy groups is replaced by a thiol group.		1.9910propane-1,2-diols;
thiol		reducing agent;
vulnerary
soman
Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.		1.9710phosphonic ester
butyl methacrylate
[no description available]		3.9120enoate ester
ethylene dimethacrylate
ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.9840enoate esterallergen;
cross-linking reagent;
polymerisation monomer
benzenearsonic acid
benzenearsonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9610arsonic acids;
organoarsonic acid
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid
Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.		2.1105-oxoproline;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		algal metabolite
trehalose
alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.		3.0640trehaloseEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sym-trinitrobenzene
Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.. 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene : A trinitrobenzene in which each of the nitro groups is meta- to the other two.		4.16170trinitrobenzeneexplosive
4-bromophenacyl bromide
4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure		2.4120
2-diethylaminoethanol
2-diethylaminoethanol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. 2-diethylaminoethanol : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.		2.1310ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
styrene
Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.		2.610styrenes;
vinylarene;
volatile organic compound		mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite
phenylhydrazine
[no description available]		2.0210phenylhydrazinesxenobiotic
triethanolamine
triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0210amino alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
triol		buffer;
surfactant
phenylisothiocyanate
phenylisothiocyanate: structure. phenyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenyl group attached to the nitrogen; used for amino acid sequencing in the Edman degradation.		1.9610isothiocyanateallergen;
reagent
caprolactam
Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.1310caprolactamshuman blood serum metabolite
epichlorohydrin
Epichlorohydrin: A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.. epichlorohydrin : An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine.		2.110epoxide;
organochlorine compound
glycidyl methacrylate
glycidyl methacrylate: RN given refers to monomer. glycidyl methacrylate : An enoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of methacrylic acid with the hydroxy group of glycidol.		2.7430enoate ester;
epoxide
acrylonitrile
[no description available]		2.0710aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		antifungal agent;
carcinogenic agent;
fungal metabolite;
mutagen;
polar aprotic solvent
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.		4.6780alkane
deanol
Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.		2.6530ethanolamines;
tertiary amine		curing agent;
radical scavenger
acetic anhydride
acetic anhydride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. acetic anhydride : An acyclic carboxylic anhydride derived from acetic acid.		2.110acyclic carboxylic anhydridemetabolite;
reagent
bromobenzene
[no description available]		1.9810bromoarene;
bromobenzenes;
volatile organic compound		hepatotoxic agent;
mouse metabolite;
non-polar solvent
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		2.0110cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
triethylene glycol dimethacrylate
[no description available]		2.4120
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		8.5370pyrrole;
secondary amine
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		4.5851mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide
[no description available]		2.4620
n-hexane
hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.		2.0410alkane;
volatile organic compound		neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
diethanolamine
diethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. diethanolamine : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.		2.7130ethanolamineshuman xenobiotic metabolite
triethylene glycol
triethylene glycol : A poly(ethylene glycol) that is octane-1,8-diol in which the carbon atoms at positions 3 and 6 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.		7.0510diol;
poly(ethylene glycol);
primary alcohol		plasticiser
n-decyl alcohol
n-decyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. decanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.. decan-1-ol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.		2.0510decanol;
primary alcohol		metabolite;
pheromone;
protic solvent
behenic acid
behenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. docosanoic acid : A straight-chain, C22, long-chain saturated fatty acid.		2.5220long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
obidoxime chloride
Obidoxime Chloride: Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti.		2.0210
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		3.7830aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
dianisidine
Dianisidine: Highly toxic compound which can cause skin irritation and sensitization. It is used in manufacture of azo dyes.		1.9710biphenyls
vanillic acid
Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.		2.9740methoxybenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid		plant metabolite
triethylamine
[no description available]		1.9810tertiary amine
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.4620anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		14.064112hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
dipicrylamine
dipicrylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9610
uridine diphosphate glucose
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.		1.9710UDP-D-glucosefundamental metabolite
nitrilotriacetic acid
Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)		2.0510NTA;
tricarboxylic acid		carcinogenic agent;
nephrotoxic agent
dodecyl sulfate
dodecyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE		2.0210alkyl sulfate
lauryl methacrylate
dodecyl methacrylate: monomer unit of various acrylate polymers used to form gels,plastics and some biocompatible materials; structure in first source		2.9540
tetraphenylborate
Tetraphenylborate: An anionic compound that is used as a reagent for determination of potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and cesium ions. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and forms complexes with biological materials, and is used in biological assays.		1.9810
2-chloroadenosine
5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source		1.9710purine nucleoside
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.		2.0510hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		4.9560azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		2.4320acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		210indazole
benzoxazoles
1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.		2.21101,3-benzoxazoles;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		3.0540adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		2.7330cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		2.75301,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		5.951901,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine
pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.		210diazine;
pyrimidines		Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		9.23143diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		7.3620phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		2.9240azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
paraoxon
[no description available]		2.3820aryl dialkyl phosphate;
organophosphate insecticide		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
hemicholinium 3
Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.		3.84120
cuprizone
[no description available]		2.3110organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		4.083111beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
silicon carbide
silicon carbide: fibers used for reinforcement of porcelain crowns; a feldspathic body (gingival) porcelain; used to coat titanium hip prostheses		3.1210organosilicon compound
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		3.3711haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		2.3820imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		2.0710monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
ketene
ketene: structure. ketene : Carbonyl compounds where the C=O bond is conjugated to an alkylidene group.		2.0710ketene
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		2.110calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.1310bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
fusarium
Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.		2.7330
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		1.9610benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		2.1710dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
melarsoprol
Melarsoprol: Arsenical used in trypanosomiases. It may cause fatal encephalopathy and other undesirable side effects.		2.1510triazines
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		2.5420
cyanogen bromide
Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.		1.9510
tetranitromethane
[no description available]		2.3820organonitrogen compound
hematoxylin
Hematoxylin: A dye obtained from the heartwood of logwood (Haematoxylon campechianum Linn., Leguminosae) used as a stain in microscopy and in the manufacture of ink.		2.0710organic heterotetracyclic compound;
oxacycle;
polyphenol;
tertiary alcohol		histological dye;
plant metabolite
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.41103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		2.110organic molecular entity
azomycin
azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure		3.1750C-nitro compound;
imidazoles		antitubercular agent
uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.		2.2110
tricaprylin
tricaprylin: 13C-labeled trioctanoin used in breath tests to detect fat malabsorption. trioctanoin : A triglyceride obtained by acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by octanoic acid. Used as an alternative energy source to glucose for patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.		2.0110octanoate ester;
triglyceride		anticonvulsant;
plant metabolite
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.		2.0210carbodiimideATP synthase inhibitor;
cross-linking reagent;
peptide coupling reagent
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		6.74161dialdehydebiomarker
myristic acid
Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.6830long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
phenalen-1-one
phenalen-1-one: fossil fuel combustion product		2.2510
lucanthone hydrochloride
Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.		2.8330
resazurin
resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure		2.4520phenoxazine
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		3.1210carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
glycerylphosphorylcholine
Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)		6.95930glycerophosphocholine
3-hydroxyflavone
3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		2.2110flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
8-aminoquinoline
[no description available]		6.02110
toluene 2,4-diisocyanate
Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.. toluene 2,4-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 4 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.		2.0510toluene meta-diisocyanateallergen;
hapten
diphenylamine
Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.		2.0710aromatic amine;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
secondary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical;
antioxidant;
carotogenesis inhibitor;
EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
toyocamycin
Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.		3.1910antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
nitrile;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
galactitol
[no description available]		1.9910hexitolEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		1.9910acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		2.61017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
homoserine
homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.		7.4820amino acid zwitterion;
homoserine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methylnitrosourea
Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.		3.0850N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
dimethyl methylphosphonate
[no description available]		1.9810
hydroxyethyl methacrylate
hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.7530enoate esterallergen;
polymerisation monomer
n-phenylmaleimide
N-phenylmaleimide: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7104		2.0710
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		5.4751pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine diphosphate choline
Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.		8.57512nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphocholines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rhodamine 6g
rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl		2.4420
n-nitrosodiethanolamine
[no description available]		210nitroso compound
4-dimethylaminopyridine
4-dimethylaminopyridine: catalyst for acetylation of hydroxy cpds; structure		2.0210dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
4-hydroxybenzophenone
4-hydroxybenzophenone: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1110benzophenones
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		4.1831
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.8940alkali metal hydroxide
arsenic trioxide
Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.		2.0710
hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.		2.9240hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		NMR chemical shift reference compound
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		2.0810enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		4.4780alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
selenomethionine
[no description available]		1.9510selenoamino acid;
selenomethionines		plant metabolite
bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate
Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate: The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.		2.1710diarylmethane
1-pentene-3-one
1-penten-3-one : An enone that is pent-1-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3.		2.0210enoneflavouring agent;
genotoxin;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
dodecyldimethylamine oxide
dodecyldimethylamine oxide: zwitterionic detergent. dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the amino group of dodecyldimethylamine.		2.0310tertiary amine oxidedetergent;
plant metabolite
stearylamine
stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		2.4320primary aliphatic aminefilm-forming compound
ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide
Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.		2.0310
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		6.9910aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
decyltrimethylammonium
decyltrimethylammonium ion : A quarternary ammonium cation having one decyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.		2.4110quaternary ammonium ion
benzoylcholine
Benzoylcholine: The benzoic acid ester of choline.		1.9610benzoate ester
n-isopropylacrylamide
N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands		1.9810
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		2.42202-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
nile blue
Nile Blue: RN given refers to chloride; structure. nile blue A : An organic chloride salt having 5-amino-9-(diethylamino)benzo[a]phenoxazin-7-ium as the couterion. fluorescent dye which is also a potent photosensitiser for photodynamic therapy.		2.0810
thioflavin t
thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.		2.1310organic chloride saltfluorochrome;
geroprotector;
histological dye
fucose
Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.		7.7130fucopyranose;
L-fucose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.		2.0610pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimalarial
cme-carbodiimide
[no description available]		210
tetrapentylammonium
tetrapentylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810quaternary ammonium ion
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate: structure in first source		2.4620
nitrohydroxyiodophenylacetate
Nitrohydroxyiodophenylacetate: Also called 4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenylacetate. A haptenic determinant that can be radiolabeled and used as salts and derivatives for investigations of immunogenic specificity studies.. (4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenyl)acetic acid : A member of the class of phenylacetic acids that is phenylacetic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted by iodo, hydroxy and nitro groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively.		3.47202-nitrophenols;
organoiodine compound;
phenylacetic acids		antigen
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate: reducing agent; structure given in first source		3.5680
trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate
trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate: acrylate derivative found in ultraviolet curing inks; structure in 1st source		2.2510carbonyl compound
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		3.2760fluorescein isothiocyanate
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		2.0110D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		2.8301,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		2.6930carbon oxoanion
dideoxyadenosine
Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.		1.9710adenosines;
purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
vantocil
polihexanide: RN given refers to parent cpd		4.0640
nifuratel
Nifuratel: Local antiprotozoal and antifungal agent that may also be given orally.		2.610
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.		2.4220diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide		EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.0610beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
p-azobenzenearsonate
p-Azobenzenearsonate: A hapten capable of eliciting both antibody formation and delayed hypersensitivity when bound to aromatic amino acids, polypeptides or proteins. It is used as an immunologic research tool.. 4,4'-azodibenzenearsonic acid : The monoazo compound formed from arsanilic acid. It is used as an immunologic research tool.		4.6750
lanthanum
[no description available]		2.730f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom;
scandium group element atom
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		3.580elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		2.0310elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
molybdenum
Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.		7.0310chromium group element atommicronutrient
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		2.110elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		3.2250copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
tantalum
Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.		9.4520vanadium group element atom
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		1.9810manganese group element atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		5.07120titanium group element atom
argon
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.		2.1710monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom		food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		2.9140cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
cerium
Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.		2.1310f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.		7.4320chromium group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
europium
Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.		2.1510f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		2.0310f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		6.29260copper group element atom;
elemental gold
helium
Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.		2.1510monoatomic helium;
noble gas atom;
s-block element atom		food packaging gas
uranium
Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.		7.5220actinoid atom;
f-block element atom;
monoatomic uranium
zirconium
Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.		7.7830titanium group element atom
mercuric chloride
Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.		1.9710mercury coordination entitysensitiser
acetylglucosamine
Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		4.1850N-acetyl-D-glucosamineepitope
galactosamine
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.		1.9510D-galactosamine;
primary amino compound		toxin
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		2.730chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.9540delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
ferric chloride
ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents		2.3920iron coordination entityastringent;
Lewis acid
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		2.0310metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate
tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.		3.3960calcium phosphate
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		5.79211dihydrogen
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		2.0210diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		2.0310diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
deuterium oxide
Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.		2.7130deuterated compound;
water		NMR solvent
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		2.7330
phosphoryl chloride
phosphoryl chloride: structure		1.9610phosphorus coordination entity
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		3.5720elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
aluminum sulfate
aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.		1.9710aluminium sulfate
sodium selenite
disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.		2.0310inorganic sodium salt;
selenite salt		nutraceutical
cadmium chloride
Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.		2.4120cadmium coordination entity
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan
4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.		2.730benzoxadiazole;
C-nitro compound;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor;
fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		2.830
rhamnose
[no description available]		2.0810L-rhamnose
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		3.5920titanium oxidesfood colouring
salen
disalicylaldehyde ethylenediamine: reagents for determination of iron		2.0310
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		2.42206-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
4-nitrobenzofurazan
4-nitrobenzofurazan: structure		2.110
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		5.05420acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
fluorides
[no description available]		2.730halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
1-deoxynojirimycin
1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.		1.99102-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		2.7430aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
phosphotyrosine
Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.		2.7130L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
O(4)-phosphotyrosine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
immunogen
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.7130benzenes;
phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous
tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.		2.0710chloride salt;
organic chloride salt		antiseptic drug;
surfactant
thymolphthalein
Thymolphthalein: Used as a pH indicator and as a reagent for blood after decolorizing the alkaline solution by boiling with zinc dust.		1.9610terpene lactone
pyrene
pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.		2.4720ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenefluorescent probe;
persistent organic pollutant
benzonidazole
benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.		3.1750C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antiprotozoal drug
carticaine
Carticaine: A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.		2.0710thiophenecarboxylic acid
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		2.4110
alkenes
[no description available]		2.0210
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		4.8310glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
alovudine
[no description available]		2.0710pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside
torpedo
Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.		2.3720
sodium azide
Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).		2.7430inorganic sodium saltantibacterial agent;
explosive;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mutagen
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		2.7530pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
kethoxal
kethoxal: modifies guanine containing oligoribonucleotides by reacting selectively with guanine in polynucleotides. Drug is hydrate of 3-ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehyde. 1,1-dihydroxy-3-ethoxy-2-butanone : A butanone derivative having two hydroxy substituents at the 1-position and an ethoxy substituent at the 3-position.		210aldehyde hydrate;
butanone		antiinfective agent
nigericin
Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.		1.9910polycyclic etherantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
s-adenosylmethionine
acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		4.0830sulfonium betainehuman metabolite
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		2.0210azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate
2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate: used in coating materials		210
acetylgalactosamine
Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.		2.7130N-acetyl-D-hexosamine;
N-acetylgalactosamine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		9.66282taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide
[no description available]		3.360beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		2.9340peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
isoproturon
isoproturon : A member of the class of phenylureas that is 1,1-dimethylurea substituted by a p-cumenyl group at position 3. A selective, systemic herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals, its use within the EU has been banned after September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.		2.13103-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureaagrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
lentinan
[no description available]		2.1310
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		2.0410alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.		3.4980butyrate ester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
thiocholine
Thiocholine: A mercaptocholine used as a reagent for the determination of CHOLINESTERASES. It also serves as a highly selective nerve stain.		1.9610
n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
Duxon: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.4620
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.04105-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		2.4220alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
deoxynivalenol
deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.		1.9810cyclic ketone;
enone;
primary alcohol;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
trichothecene;
triol		mycotoxin
quisqualic acid
Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.		210non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		1.9810chromanol;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger;
Wnt signalling inhibitor
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		3.8330benzamides;
carboxylic ester
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		2.0310aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
dinaline
dinaline: structure given in first source		1.9710
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		2.0710anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.0510penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mezlocillin
Kassinin: Dodecapeptide tachykinin found in the central nervous system of the amphibian Kassina senegalensis. It is similar in structure and action to other tachykinins, but is especially effective in contracting smooth muscle tissue and stimulating the micturition reflex.		210
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		2.3820acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
triclabendazole
[no description available]		2.0410aromatic ether
octenidine
[no description available]		2.3110dihydropyridine
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		2.4120delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		7.7530delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.15103-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		2.0510hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ilmofosine
ilmofosine: used in treatment of colonic adenocarcinoma in rats; structure given in first source; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt		7160
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		4.3550aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
fura-2
Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.		2.9140
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		4.9240imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		2.1510methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
marbofloxacin
[no description available]		2.0710quinolines
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		2.7730organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
irinotecan
[no description available]		2.4920carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		2.5320biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		4.7821carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		4.4970adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nitroaniline
nitroaniline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for nitro moiety. nitroaniline : A substituted aniline that carries one or more nitro groups.		2.0810
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		2.420trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
acridine orange
Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.		210aminoacridines;
aromatic amine;
tertiary amino compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
octyl glucoside
octyl-beta-D-glucoside: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside : An beta-D-glucoside in which the anomeric hydrogen of beta-D-glucopyranose is substituted by an octyl group.		2.4220beta-D-glucosideplant metabolite
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		2.0510hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.1310acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		2.1710aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
adamantylidene
adamantylidene: structure		2.5720
methionine methyl ester
[no description available]		2.4220
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		3.83110D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
lanthanum chloride
lanthanum chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1710
ursolic acid
[no description available]		2.1310hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		geroprotector;
plant metabolite
propamidine
propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.		3.1110aromatic ether;
guanidines;
polyether		antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug
meglumine antimoniate
Meglumine Antimoniate: ANTIMONY salt of meglumine that is used in the treatment of LEISHMANIASIS.		15.275514
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		3.5280organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.5320hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
succinyldisalicylic acid
succinyldisalicylic acid: acylates hemoglobin and sickle hemoglobin		1.9910
n-acetylaspartic acid
N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl.		4.6250N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-aspartic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite
cholesteryl sulfate
cholesteryl sulfate: component of human seminal plasma & spermatozoa; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesterol sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.		1.9910steroid sulfatehuman metabolite
fluorexon
fluorexon: structure		2.9740xanthene dyefluorochrome
25-hydroxycholesterol
[no description available]		1.981025-hydroxy steroid;
oxysterol		human metabolite
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.7230
hexamidine
hexamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of hexane-1,6-diol.		3.5220aromatic ether;
guanidines;
polyether		antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol
dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol : A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both palmitoyl.		2.5820phosphatidylglycerol
1,2-distearoyllecithin
[no description available]		2.4220
2',5'-dideoxyadenosine
[no description available]		1.9710deoxyribonucleoside
metaperiodate
Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.		2.5320iodine oxoacid
lissamine rhodamine b
lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt		2.0310
fructose-1-phosphate
fructose-1-phosphate: RN in Chemline for alpha-D-fructopyranose-cpd:126-25-0; RN given refers to (D)-isomer. D-fructose 1-phosphate : The D-enantiomer of fructose 1-phosphate.. keto-D-fructose 1-phosphate : The open chain form of D-fructose 1-phosphate.		1.9810D-fructose 1-phosphate
surfactin peptide
surfactin peptide: antineoplastic product isolated from Bacillus sp.		2.4120
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.		2.1310dithiocarbamic acids;
pyrrolidines		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
radical scavenger
peroxynitric acid
[no description available]		1.9810nitrogen oxoacid
sinefungin
[no description available]		2.0710adenosines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
imirestat
imirestat: structure given in first source		1.9810
web 2086
WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist		2.110organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
terikalant
terikalant: experimental class II antiarrhythmic drug; RN gioven refers to terikalant ((S-(-))-isomer)		210piperidines
methacycline
[no description available]		3.24601,2-diglyceride
benzeneboronic acid
[no description available]		2.8130boronic acids
girard's reagent t
Girard's reagent T: used for separating ketosteroids; RN given refers to chloride		1.9610
propamidine isethionate
propamidine isethionate : A guanidinium salt obtained by combining propamidine with two molar equivalents of isethionic acid. Used for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.		3.5420guanidinium salt;
organosulfonate salt		antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		5.881701,2,3-triazole
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		4.48512-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
rilmenidine
Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.		210isourea
elmustine
elmustine: structure		2.3820
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0410organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
plasmenylserine
plasmenylserine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. O-phospho-L-serine : The L-enantiomer of O-phosphoserine.. O-phosphoserine : A serine derivative that is serine substituted at the oxygen atom by a phosphono group.		2.110O-phosphoserineEC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
bicinchoninic acid
[no description available]		2.110
tyloxapol
tyloxapol: non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8. tyloxapol : A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions.		3.0950
masoprocol
Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.		210nordihydroguaiaretic acidantineoplastic agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite
tocophersolan
tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.7220tocol
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		4.99110conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
buparvaquone
buparvaquone: used in therapy of theileriasis; structure given in first source		3.1710
efaroxan
efaroxan: RN given refers to parent cpd		2101-benzofurans
7-hydroxystaurosporine
[no description available]		4.7521
hesperetin
[no description available]		7.41103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
monomethoxyflavanone;
trihydroxyflavanone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
betulin
betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.		2.110diol;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		analgesic;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
metabolite
leupeptin
[no description available]		1.9810aldehyde;
tripeptide		bacterial metabolite;
calpain inhibitor;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
cryptand 2.2
cryptand 2.2: a macrocyclic diaza-crown ether; structure given in first source		2.1110
oxazolidin-2-one
Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.		2.1710carbamate ester;
oxazolidinone		metabolite
ceric oxide
ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.		2.1310cerium molecular entity;
metal oxide
2-n-propylquinoline
2-propylquinoline: structure in first source		2.0610
2-aminoethylmethacrylate
aminoethyl methacrylate: cell-adhesive dextran hydrogel		2.4520enoate ester
n-acetylhistidine
N-acetylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetylhistidine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens of the alpha-amino group is substituted by an acetyl group.. N-acetyl-L-histidine : A histidine derivative that is L-histidine having an acetyl substituent on the alpha-nitrogen.		2.1310L-histidine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acetylhistidine		animal metabolite
trimethylsilyl bromide
[no description available]		1.9810
6-carboxyfluorescein
6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein		2.3920monocarboxylic acid
rivastigmine
[no description available]		2.3110carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		2.4620aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
n-hydroxysuccinimide
N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure		2.0610
bistris
Bistris: structure given in first source		2.0710pentolbuffer
2-bromopalmitate
2-bromopalmitate: inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-bromohexadecanoic acid : A bromo fatty acid that is hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid carrying a single bromo substituent at position 2.		2.01102-bromocarboxylic acid;
bromo fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain fatty acid		fatty acid oxidation inhibitor
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine: reagent for making polymers; structure in first source		2.0310
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		2.1710macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
zwittergent 3-14
[no description available]		2.0110organosulfonic acid
1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)carbodiimide
N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)carbodiimide : A carbodiimide having cyclcohexyl and 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl as the two N-substituents.		210carbodiimide;
morpholines		cross-linking reagent
thymolphthalein monophosphate
[no description available]		1.9610
we 201
We 201: synthetic lysolecithin analog; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure		2.6830
coenzyme a
[no description available]		2.6830adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphatecoenzyme;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester
1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester: structure given in first source		1.9610
1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidic acid
1-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 1-palmitoylglycerol 3-phosphate : A monoacylglycerol phosphate having palmitoyl as the acyl group on O-1 and with the phosphate group on O-3.		2.38202-lysophosphatidic acid
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		2.43203-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		10.95320iditolfungal metabolite
1-o-pentylglycerol
1-O-pentylglycerol: an alkylglycerol, increases the transfer of ErPC into the brain		2.0110
7-ketocholesterol
7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.		2.25103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
7-oxo steroid;
cholestanoid		neuroprotective agent
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		4.2941amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd		210nucleoside triphosphate analogue
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.		1.97103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound		protein kinase agonist
diploptene
diploptene: biosynthesized in a cell-free system from Acetobacter pasteurianum in the presence of squalene. hop-22(29)-ene : A triterpene consisting of hopane having a C=C double bond at the 22(29)-position.		2.0810triterpene
n-hexadecyl-n,n-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.2110
mci 9038
[no description available]		2.0810peptide
bnps-skatole
BNPS-skatole : A bromoindole that is 3H-indole in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by an (o-nitrophenyl)sulfanyl group and in which the hydrogens at position 3 have been replaced by a bromine and a methyl group. It is used particularly for the selective cleavage of tryptophanyl peptide bonds (cleavage occurs at peptide bonds after amino acids with available C(gamma)=C(delta) double bonds such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and histidine).		1.9610aryl sulfide;
bromoindole;
C-nitro compound		reagent
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		1.9710D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
n-hydroxysuccinimide suberic acid ester
disuccinimidyl suberate: used as protein cross-linking agent		2.1310
n-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate
N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate: heterobifunctional reagent		1.9610
taurineamide
taurineamide: structure in first source		2.0610
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate: RN given refers to unknown molecular fragment in Chemline		2.2510
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		11.4752cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source		1.9810polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
u 73122
1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.		3.580aromatic ether;
aza-steroid;
maleimides		EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system		2.4720oligopeptide
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		2.0510beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.		2.420ether;
imidazoles;
monomethoxybenzene		TRP channel blocker
fluo-3
Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds		2.1510xanthene dyefluorochrome
laurdan
laurdan: RN from CA Index Guide		2.610
paxilline
paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.		3.7930diterpene alkaloid;
enone;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
terpenoid indole alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		anticonvulsant;
Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
geroprotector;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
cyanates
Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).		2.4320
fura-2-am
fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2		2.3920
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source		3401,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate
inositol 1-phosphate
1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate : An inositol having myo- configuration substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group.		1.9910
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol
[no description available]		2.9440
hypotaurine
[no description available]		2.1110aminosulfinic acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fingolimod hydrochloride
Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).		2.1310hydrochlorideimmunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
triptolide
[no description available]		2.0810diterpenoid;
epoxide;
gamma-lactam;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		antispermatogenic agent;
plant metabolite
quinaprilat
quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.		2.0510dicarboxylic acid;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
s-nitrosomercaptoethanol
S-nitrosomercaptoethanol: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor. It is an anti-infective agent and inhibits Bacillus cereus spore outgrowth.		210
ml 9
[no description available]		210
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		4.392102-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		3.0750
dodecyl-beta-d-maltoside
dodecyl beta-D-maltoside : A glycoside resulting from attachment of a dodecyl group to the reducing-end anomeric centre of a beta-maltose molecule.		3.6990disaccharide derivative;
glycoside		detergent
1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine
[no description available]		2.4620
trypanothione
trypanothione disulfide : An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of N(1),N(8)-bis(glutathionyl)-spermidine from the insect-parasitic trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata.		2.110organic disulfide
3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate
3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: purinergic receptors agonist; structure given in first source		2.4420purine ribonucleoside triphosphate
al-01567
alconil: structure given in first source		1.9710
benzylpenicilloyl g
benzylpenicilloyl G: lactam ring opened so inactive; do not confuse with benzylpenicilloyl V		3.4620
elacridar
Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source		2.0310
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		2.0110fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.		2.0110phosphine derivative;
tricarboxylic acid		reducing agent
n'-(2-chloroethyl)-n-(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-n'-nitrosourea
N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N-(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-N'-nitrosourea: structure given in first source		2.4220
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		2.1310benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
y 26763
Y 26763: structure given in first source; an active metabolite of Y 27152		2.04101-benzopyran
phytosphingosine
phytosphingosine: differ with an additional hydroxyl at C-4 & no double bond between C-4 & C-5		2.0210amino alcohol;
sphingoid;
triol		mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pd 142893
PD 142893: functional antagonist of endothelin-stimulated vasoconstriction		210
l 659989
L 659989: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor receptor antagonist; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9810
5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.0510acetate esterfluorochrome
carbene
carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).		2.4120carbene;
methanediyl
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		5.7431methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib
[no description available]		3.8830aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
cdp ethanolamine
[no description available]		1.9810nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s;
phosphoethanolamine		mouse metabolite
cyclic adp-ribose
Cyclic ADP-Ribose: A pyridine nucleotide that mobilizes CALCIUM. It is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by ADP RIBOSE CYCLASE.		2.0110cyclic purine nucleotide;
nucleotide-sugar		metabolite;
ryanodine receptor agonist
glycerophosphoethanolamine
glycerol 3-phosphoethanolamine: a membrane lipid degradation product		7.98251phosphoethanolamine;
sn-glycerol 3-phosphates
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.		2.4110dichlorobenzene;
differentiation-inducing factor;
monomethoxybenzene;
resorcinols		eukaryotic metabolite;
signalling molecule
dodecyloctaethyleneglycol monoether
octaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether : The hydroxypolyether that is octaethylene glycol in which one of the hydroxy groups is substituted by dodecyloxy.		210hydroxypolyether
naadp
nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate : A nicotinic acid dinucleotide that is NADP(+) in which the carboxamide group on the pyridine ring is replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0110nicotinic acid dinucleotidecalcium channel agonist;
metabolite;
signalling molecule
27-hydroxycholesterol
(25R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol : A 26-hydroxycholesterol in which the 25-position has R-configuration.		1.991026-hydroxycholesterolapoptosis inducer;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
1,2-hexanoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-hexanoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610
phosphonium choline
phosphonium choline: the phosphonium analog of choline where a phosphonium group replaced the natural ammonium group; structure given in first source; RN given refers to the chloride		3.520
methyl 4,6-o-(1-carboxyethylidene)galactopyranoside
methyl 4,6-O-(1-carboxyethylidene)galactopyranoside: ligand used for dissociating amyloid P from amyloid; structure given in first source		1.9810
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol		2.4420
n-octadecylphosphocholine
n-octadecylphosphocholine: substrate analog for phospholipase A2		4140
methotrexate
[no description available]		2.9240dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
gsk peptide
GSK peptide: synthetic analogue of the autophosphorylation site of glycogen synthase kinase from skeletal muscle; model substrate for calmodulin kinase II		5.7922
1-hexadecyl-2-methoxyglycero-3-phosphocholine
1-hexadecyl-2-methoxyglycero-3-phosphocholine: RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt (R)-isomer		1.9910
lysyllysine
lysyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer. Lys-Lys : A dipeptide formed from two L-lysine residues.		2.0110dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine
[no description available]		13.562323
1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3,5-pyridinecarboxylic acid dimethyl ester
1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-3,5-pyridinecarboxylic acid dimethyl ester: structure given in first source		1.9610
sri 62-834
SRI 62-834: related to ET-18-OCH(3); MLS-266-337 is (R(+))-isomer; structure given in first source		4.9240
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		2.6930amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine
1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine: sulfur atom replaces double-bonded oxygen in phosphate group; RN given refers to (R-(R*,R*))-isomer		4.39210
cholesteryl phosphate
cholesteryl phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310
pomalidomide
3-aminophthalimidoglutarimide: structure in first source		4.1120aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
xylose
xylopyranose: structure in first source		8.2360D-xylose
2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-2-propyl-1-palmitoylcysteine
2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-2-propyl-1-palmitoylcysteine: intermediate for immunogen preparation		2.0610
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		3.73100amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetylaspartyl-valyl-aspartyl-alanine
[no description available]		2.9740
scyliorhinin i
scyliorhinin I: tachykinin from dogfish gut		2.0210
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.8421secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
perifosine
[no description available]		18.122433ammonium betaine;
phospholipid		EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester
1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester: structure given in first source		1.9610
abt 491
ABT 491: a highly potent platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.2110
phorbols
Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).		1.9610diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		1.9910oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
atazanavir sulfate
Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.		2.1310organic sulfate salt
3-sulfopropyl methacrylate
[no description available]		3.1510
tipifarnib
[no description available]		210imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound;
quinolone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol, tyloxapol drug combination
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol, tyloxapol drug combination: protein-free, synthetic surfactant containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, hexadecanol & tyloxapol; used in treatment of respiratory distress syndrome		18.3420881
1,2-heptanoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-heptanoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (S)-isomer		1.9710
dimethylsulfonioacetate
dimethylthetin: synthetic analog of glycine betaine; structure in first source		3.570sulfonium betaine
zinc hematoporphyrin
[no description available]		2.0810
bactenecin
bactenecin: from bovine neutrophils		2.0510
tetraphenylphosphonium
tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.		1.9810heteroorganic entity;
phosphorus molecular entity;
polyatomic cation
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		14.35617amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
n-tetradecylphosphorylcholine
[no description available]		3.690
technetium tc 99m pentetate
Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate: A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.		2.6930
metaperiodate
metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.		2.5320iodine oxoanion;
monovalent inorganic anion
1,2-diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine
[no description available]		2.0210
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		3.3160biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		2.7130amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
2-hexadecanoylamino-4-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine
2-hexadecanoylamino-4-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine: sphingomyelin analog cleaved by sphingomyelinase used for detection of homozygotes and heterozygous carriers of Niemann-Pick disease; structure		3.67100
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		2.6530
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		2.0610piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
sb 203580
[no description available]		2.4720imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
enzastaurin
[no description available]		2.0710indoles;
maleimides
erlotinib hydrochloride
[no description available]		4.3630hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
protein kinase inhibitor
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		3.1350divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
cgp 42700
CGP 42700: staurosporine derivative		1.9910
isospaglumic acid
isospaglumic acid: mediator in the sensitivity of animals to hyperbaric oxygenation; Naaxia is the tradename; apparently can have both a neuroprotective and a neurotoxic effect. Ac-Asp-Glu : A dipeptide composed of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid joined by a peptide linkage.		3.0340dipeptidehuman metabolite
1,2-dibutyrylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-dibutyrylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (R)-isomer		1.96101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
n-decylphosphorylcholine
[no description available]		2.940
inositol 2,4,6-triphosphate
[no description available]		1.9810
1-palmitoyl-2-(1'-pyreneoctanoyl)glycero-3-phosphochine
1-palmitoyl-2-(1'-pyreneoctanoyl)glycero-3-phosphochine: structure given in first source		2.0210
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		2.1310carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
sorafenib
[no description available]		4.7361(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide
[no description available]		7.4472aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		3.457012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2,4-dinitrophenylacetic acid
2,4-dinitrophenylacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		11.27140bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
cellulose triacetate
cellulose triacetate: for hemodialysis filtration		1.9810
2-methylthioadenosine
[no description available]		210
stigmastanol
stigmastanol: saturated analog of beta-sitosterol; RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. stigmastanol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group.		6.98103-hydroxy steroid;
phytosterols		anticholesteremic drug;
plant metabolite
lanosterol
[no description available]		2.021014alpha-methyl steroid;
3beta-sterol;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		bacterial metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gant58
GANT58: inhibits hedgehog signalling; structure in first source		2.110pyridines
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		210
wortmannin
[no description available]		3.2560acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
sorbinil
sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.		1.9710azaspiro compound;
chromanes;
imidazolidinone;
organofluorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol
O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.		2.1510carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
bortezomib
[no description available]		9.3153amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
n,n-dimethyl-n-(18f)fluoromethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium
[no description available]		2.0510
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		1.9610
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		1.9810
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.0510inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
s-adenosylhomocysteine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.		2.420adenosines;
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine derivative;
homocysteines;
organic sulfide		cofactor;
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor;
epitope;
fundamental metabolite
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		2.6930
arabinose
[no description available]		2.0710L-arabinoseEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-acetylneuraminic acid
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.		3.1450N-acetylneuraminic acidsantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		4.2350peptide
bradykinin
[no description available]		2.6830oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		2.6830D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
polygalacturonic acid
galacturonic acid: N1 same as NM; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-galactopyranuronic acid : The pyranose form of D-galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid : The D-enantiomer of galacturonic acid. It is the main component of pectin.		2.0110D-galacturonic acid
elastin
[no description available]		3.1310oligopeptide
mevalonic acid
Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.		2.04103,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
pantetheine
Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.. pantetheine : An amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of pantothenic acid and the amino group of cysteamine.		5.5263pantetheines;
thiol		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.		4.88110myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
arginine ethyl ester
[no description available]		2.0210L-arginine ester
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		1.991011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
n-glycolylneuraminic acid
N-glycolylneuraminic acid: RN given refers to (all-D)-isomer		1.9910N-acylneuraminic acid
nitroarginine
Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.		2.420guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.		210nucleoside triphosphate analogue
fructans
(2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.		3.0550
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		2.06101-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
monensin
Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.		2.4220cyclic hemiketal;
monocarboxylic acid;
polyether antibiotic;
spiroketal		antifungal agent;
coccidiostat;
ionophore
linezolid
[no description available]		2.1710acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
ryanodine
Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.		210
hinokinin
hinokinin: suppresses expression of both HBsAg and HBeAg. hinokinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl group at positions 3 and 4 (the 3R,4R-diastereoisomer).		2.610benzodioxoles;
gamma-lactone;
lignan		trypanocidal drug
cyclopamine
[no description available]		2.110piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.7220
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		4.370tripeptide
valnemulin
valnemulin: a pleuromutilin derivative		2.1710carbotricyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
cyclic ketone
loteprednol etabonate
Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.		2.311011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
etabonate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid acid ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		4.4560cyclodextrin
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		2.610butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
acetyl coenzyme a
Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.		1.9610acyl-CoAacyl donor;
coenzyme;
effector;
fundamental metabolite
ergosterol
[no description available]		3.45703beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols		fungal metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		1.9910retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		6.39151icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
farnesol
Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.		2.4120farnesolplant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine
p-nitrophenylphosphocholine : A phosphocholine that is the 4-nitrophenyl ester of choline phosphate.		4.58260phosphocholinesepitope;
hapten
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		7.5220resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) : A A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+) that is the dilauroyl diester of phosphatidiylcholine.		2.74301,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(1+)
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.940octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		10.4751icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
thapsigargin
Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.		3.79110butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		2.0810
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		5.1270macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gw 3965
GW 3965: a liver X receptor ligand		2.0510diarylmethane
y 27632
Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.		3.74100aromatic amide
mannobiose
beta-mannobiose : The beta-isomer of mannobiose.		1.9910mannobiose
prostaglandin d2
Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).		2.1310prostaglandins Dhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
afimoxifene
afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.		2.4720phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
metabolite
imidazolidines
[no description available]		1.9710azacycloalkane;
imidazolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
colfosceril palmitate
colfosceril palmitate: used in the treatment of unilateral pulmonary interstitial emphysema; component of Exosurf. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A phosphatidylcholine 32:0 in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl). A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of pulmonary surfactants.		5.4211-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 32:0		mouse metabolite;
surfactant
pantethine
pantethine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. pantethine : An organic disulfide that consists of two molecules of pantothenic acid linked by amide bonds to a cysteamine disulfide bridging group.		8.7521organic disulfidecoenzyme;
nutraceutical
iridoids
Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).		2.4110
gamma-sitosterol
clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.		2.03103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols		marine metabolite;
plant metabolite
enkephalin, leucine
Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.		1.9810pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.1310nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
u 100480
U 100480: structure given in first source		2.1710
posaconazole
[no description available]		4.9760aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		1.9710flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
oxazolidine
oxazolidine: structure given in first source		2.1710oxazolidine
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		2.96402-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
11-mercaptoundecanoic acid
[no description available]		2.0410
glycosides
[no description available]		3.1250
sinapinic acid
sinapinic acid: a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption technique for protein MW determination; a constituent of propolis. trans-sinapic acid : A sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration.		2.1510sinapic acidMALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		4.22170isomethyleugenol
squalene
Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate		2.4110triterpenehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		2.4620stilbene
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		1.9910flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		2.3920vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
pyrophosphate
Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.		1.9810diphosphate ion
palmitoyl coenzyme a
Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A.		1.981011,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA;
3-substituted propionyl-CoA;
long-chain fatty acyl-CoA;
palmitoyl bioconjugate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate
dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*))-isomer. sphinganine 1-phosphate : A sphingoid 1-phosphate that is the monophosphorylated derivative of sphinganine.		2.0110sphingoid 1-phosphatemouse metabolite
dodecylphosphocholine
dodecylphosphocholine: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; RN refers to chloride. dodecylphosphocholine : A phosphocholine that is the monododecyl ester of phosphocholine		9.153550phosphocholinesdetergent
methylatropine
methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766		2.0410
n-octyl-beta-d-thioglucopyranoside
n-octyl-beta-D-thioglucopyranoside: new non-ionic detergent that is more stable than n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside		2.2510S-glycosyl compound
tiamulin
tiamulin: 81723 HFU and tiamutin are for fumarate salt; prevents senescence in ascomycete; pleuromutilin derivative; RN given refers to ((3aS-(3aalpha,4beta,5alpha,6alpha,8beta,9alpha,9abeta,10S*))-isomer. tiamulin : A carbotricyclic compound that is pleuromutilin in which the hydroxyacetate group is replaced by a 2-{[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfanyl}acetate group. An antibacterial drug, tiamulin is used in veterinary medicine (generally as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of swine dysentery caused by Serpulina hyodysenteriae.		2.1710carbotricyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
cyclic ketone;
organic sulfide;
secondary alcohol;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antibacterial drug
nsc 4347
NSC 4347: structure in first source		2.5720
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		3.0640
ag-213
tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells;		1.9810
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.0510catechols;
polyphenol;
resorcinols;
stilbenol		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		1.9910N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		3.5270aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		1.9510diarylmethane
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		7.0410capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
terbinafine
[no description available]		2.0510acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
oxazolone
Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.		1.9810
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		1.9710one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		2.420cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
unithiol
Unithiol: A chelating agent used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning.		2.1510
tempo
TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.		2.4110aminoxyls;
piperidines		catalyst;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
5-doxylstearate
[no description available]		3.1250aminoxyls
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		2.1710cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
fumonisin b1
fumonisin B1: isolated from Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting activity; inhibits ceramide synthase. fumonisin B1 : A diester that results from the condensation of the 1-carboxy groups of two molecules of propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid with hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 of (2S,3S,5R,10R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,5,10,14,15-pentol.		1.9910diester;
fumonisin;
primary amino compound;
triol		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite
1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole
1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole: intermediate in the synthesis of imidazolineoxyl N-oxides; partial structure given in first source		2.0610benzoic acid;
imidazolines;
organic radical		apoptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
tamoxifen
[no description available]		3.2960stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: structure in first source		2.0410
4-vinylphenyl boronic acid
4-vinylphenyl boronic acid: structure in first source		2.4820
nadp
[no description available]		3.1450
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium: structure given in first source		2.0310
3-nitrocoumarin
[no description available]		2.0110
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		3.1550aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol: structure in first source. phytantriol : A triol that consists of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane bearing three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.		2.110triol
bms 387032
N-(5-(((5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-oxazolyl)methyl)thio)-2-thiazolyl)-4-piperidinecarboxamide: a CDK2 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. N-(5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of piperidine-4-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-{[(5-tert-butyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-thiazol-2-amine. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK2, CDK7 and CDK9 kinases and exhibits anti-cancer properties.		2.08101,3-oxazoles;
1,3-thiazoles;
organic sulfide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		3.2460alkali metal atom
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		2.0410beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester
[no description available]		1.9810
galactose-6-phosphate
galactose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to D-isomer		2.0110D-galactose 6-phosphatemetabolite
ly335979
[no description available]		2.0310carbopolycyclic compound
acth (11-24)
[no description available]		2.420
myristoyllysophosphatidylcholine
myristoyllysophosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510
safingol
safingol: RN given refers to the (R-(R*,S*))-isomer		2.9140amino alcohol
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		3.03401,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)phosphatidylcholine
1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)phosphatidylcholine: constituent of lipid tubules		2.0110
dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine
[no description available]		2.0710phosphatidyl-L-serine
glycerophosphoserine
glycerophosphoserine: RN given refers to (L-serine)-isomer. glycerol 1-phosphoserine : A L-serine derivative consisting of L-serine having a 1-glycerophospho group attached to the side-chain hydroxy function.		3.1410glycerol 1-phosphodiester;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
calixarenes
Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.		3.0140
argipressin (4-8)
argipressin (4-8): corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonist		2.0110
mastoparan b
mastoparan B: amino acid sequence given in first source; isolated from the wasp Vespa basalis		210
6'-o-phosphocholineglucopyranosyl-(1'-3)-1,2-dipalmitoyl
6'-O-phosphocholineglucopyranosyl-(1'-3)-1,2-dipalmitoyl: a phosphocholine-containing glycoglycerolipid from Mycoplasma fermentans; structure given in first source		2.3920
dipyrromethene
dipyrromethene: structure in first source. dipyrrin : A dipyrrin that consists of pyrrole bearing a pyrrol-2-ylidenemethyl substituent at the 2-position.		2.610dipyrrins
cytellin
cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982		2.6930
silicon nitride
[no description available]		2.0210
tecoflex
Tecoflex: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		2.110
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		3.95130
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		5.6700organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
blister
blebbistatin: structure in first source. blebbistatin : A pyrroloquinoline that is 1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3a, a methyl group at position 6 and a phenyl group at position 1. It acts as an inhibitor of ATPase activity of non-muscle myosin II.		2.4420cyclic ketone;
pyrroloquinoline;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		inhibitor
galactomannan
galactomannan: a galectin inhibitor. galactomannan : A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups.		2.420oligosaccharide
mtt formazan
MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes		2.0510
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		1.9710
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		3.1710
d 609
[no description available]		3.79110
hydroxyethylcellulose
hydroxyethylcellulose: component of contact lens wetting solutions; aldiamed is an artificial saliva; RN given refers to parent cpd. hydroxyethylcellulose : A polysaccharide derivative that is cellulose in which hydroxyethyl groups are bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers.		2.1710
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase activity inhibitor		2.0310benzamides;
benzodioxoles;
imidazoles;
pyridines		EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		2.4520organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
myelin basic protein
Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.		3.81110
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		14.662792sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		8.01407-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		2.6930biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.9240prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		2.7230monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arachidonyltrifluoromethane
arachidonyltrifluoromethane: structure given in first source; inhibits 85-kDa phospholipase A2. AACOCF3 : A fatty acid derivative that is arachidonic acid in which the OH part of the carboxy group has been replaced by a trifluoromethyl group		2.4120fatty acid derivative;
ketone;
olefinic compound;
organofluorine compound		EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		2.1710trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.7130octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
psychosine
[no description available]		7.64190glycosylsphingoidhuman metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		2.1310
11-cis-retinal
Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.		2.5920retinalchromophore;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.		2.4620dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		210epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
2-hexadecenal
trans-hexadec-2-enal : A hexadecenal containing a double bond at position 2 (the trans-stereoisomer).. hexadecenal : A monounsaturated fatty acid aldehyde that is hexadecanal which has undergone formal dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at unspecified position.		2.0310hexadecenal;
n-alk-2-enal;
trans-2,3-unsaturated fatty aldehyde
hymecromone
Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.		1.9610hydroxycoumarinantineoplastic agent;
hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		2.1710D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
abscisic acid
[no description available]		2.1102-cis-abscisic acidplant hormone;
plant metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.71307-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		17.2516412antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
mezerein
mezerein: toxic component of plant Daphne mezereum with anti-leukemic activity against P-388 & P-1210 in mice; can act as a tumor promoter; RN given refers to (12beta(E,E))-isomer; structure		1.9610diterpenoid
coumestrol
Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.		2.1710coumestans;
delta-lactone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
rottlerin
rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.		2.1310aromatic ketone;
benzenetriol;
chromenol;
enone;
methyl ketone		anti-allergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
K-ATP channel agonist;
metabolite
anandamide
anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.		2.0310endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4		human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
tranilast
tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.		2.5120amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
dimethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
calcium channel blocker;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 12/88. 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at C-1 and C-2 are palmitoyl and oleoyl respectively.		2.7430(18R,21S)-24-amino-21-hydroxy-21-oxido-15-oxo-16,20,22-trioxa-21lambdalambda(5)-phosphatetracosan-18-yl icosanoate;
phosphatidylethanolamine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoglycerol
[no description available]		2.0510phosphatidylglycerol
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		3.3911thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-oleoylethanolamine
N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.		2.0210endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-acylethanolamine 18:1		EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol
Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.		2.1101-acylglycerol 18:1;
monooleoylglycerol		plant metabolite
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, (z & r)-isomer
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine: structure in first source. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl) and 9Z-octadecenoyl (oleoyl) respectively.		2.15101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine;
phosphatidylethanolamine 34:1 zwitterion;
phosphatidylethanolamine		mouse metabolite
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoserine
{1-O-hexadecanoyl-2-O-[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phospho}serine : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine compound with a palmitoyl group at the 1-position and an oleoyl group at the 2-position.		2.48203-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine
menaquinone 6
menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer		2.110
sphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1		7.67510sphingoid 1-phosphatemouse metabolite;
signalling molecule;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
n-palmitoylsphingosine
N-palmitoylsphingosine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (R*,S*-(E))-isomer. N-hexadecanoylsphingosine : A N-acylsphingosine in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl).		2.4110Cer(d34:1);
N-acylsphingosine;
N-palmitoyl-sphingoid base		human blood serum metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
codeine
[no description available]		2.0510morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
oleyl alcohol
oleyl alcohol: structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0310fatty alcohol 18:1;
long-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
nonionic surfactant
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		1.9510morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		2.1310phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		10.55256antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
brefeldin a
[no description available]		2.4420macrolide antibioticPenicillium metabolite
17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin
17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin: structure in first source. alvespimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle that is geldanamycin in which the methoxy group attached to the benzoquinone moiety has been replaced by a 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylamino group.		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		Hsp90 inhibitor
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		9.1650morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
clobetasol
Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		3.441111beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
SMO receptor agonist
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		2.0110heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
lysophosphatidic acid
lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.		10.02701-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		7.235201-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		2.3920cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
neurokinin a
Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.		2.0110
neurokinin b
Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.		4.0640polypeptide
pholcodine
pholcodine: structure. pholcodine : A morphinane alkaloid that is a derivative of morphine with a 2-morpholinoethyl group at the 3-position.		2.0510morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
sq 29548
SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist		2.6830
10-hydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid
[no description available]		2.0210long-chain fatty acid
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.		4.56240phosphatidylcholine(1+)
nerolidol
nerolidol: sesquiterpene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; nerol is also available. nerolidol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-1,6,10-triene which carries methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It is a natural product that is present in various flowers and plants with a floral odor. Chemically, it exists in two geometric isomers, trans and cis forms. It is widely used in cosmetics (e.g. shampoos and perfumes), in non-cosmetic products (e.g. detergents and cleansers) and also as a food flavoring agent.. (6Z)-nerolidol : A nerolidol in which the double bond at position 6 adopts a cis-configuration.		2.4110nerolidol
caryophyllene
caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source		2.3110
cymal-5
cyclohexyl-pentyl-maltoside: structure in first source		2.0710
su 11248
[no description available]		2.0510monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.		1.9810carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom		neurotoxin
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)		2.4110
bay 11-7082
(E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen located beta,trans to the cyano group is replaced by a tosyl group. It is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells.		2.4920nitrile;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
methyl 2,5-dihydroxycinnamate
methyl 2,5-dihydroxycinnamate: structure given in first source. 2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester : A cinnamate ester that is the methyl ester of 2,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid.		1.9910cinnamate ester;
hydroquinones;
methyl ester		EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite
antimony
Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.		11.24313metalloid atom;
pnictogen
cesium
Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.		1.9810alkali metal atom
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		2.3820alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
rubidium
Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.		1.9510alkali metal atom
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		2.4120boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
bismuth
Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.		2.4420metal atom;
pnictogen
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		5.1150metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		2.6930cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
batimastat
batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.		2.0210hydroxamic acid;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
organic sulfide;
secondary carboxamide;
thiophenes;
triamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		2.0110chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.0110
vitamin mk 8
vitamin MK 8: isoprenoid acetone-soluble lipid. menaquinone-8 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 8 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.		2.110menaquinoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
diphenylhexatriene
Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.		2.4220alkatrienefluorochrome
bedaquiline
bedaquiline: a diarylquinoline Antitubercular Agent. bedaquiline : A quinoline-based antimycobacterial drug used (as its fumarate salt) for the treatment of pulmonary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis by inhibition of ATP synthase, an enzyme essential for the replication of the mycobacteria.		2.1110aromatic ether;
naphthalenes;
organobromine compound;
quinolines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antitubercular agent;
ATP synthase inhibitor
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).		4.953501,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester		antigen;
mouse metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		3.92120cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
silicon
Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].		3.92120carbon group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		12.93352monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
boron
Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.		2.610boron group element atom;
metalloid atom;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
phytochlorin
phytochlorin: RN given refers to (2S-trans)-isomer; structure given in the first source		2.2110
dermorphin
dermorphin: opiate-like peptide present in amphibian skin		1.9810oligopeptide
baohuoside i
baohuoside I: structure given in first source; isolated from the herb Epimedium davidii		2.1510glycosyloxyflavoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
arachidonyl-coenzyme a
arachidonoyl-CoA : An unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of arachidononic acid.		1.9810arachidonoyl bioconjugate;
unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA
n-acetylsphingosine
N-acetylsphingosine: inhibits phospholipase D. N-acetylsphingosine : A N-acylsphingosine that has an acetamido group at position 2.		2.3920N-acylsphingosine
triolein
Triolein: (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester.. triolein : A triglyceride formed by esterification of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol with oleic acid. Triolein is one of the two components of Lorenzo's oil.		2.0110triglycerideCaenorhabditis elegans metabolite;
plant metabolite
docosapentaenoic acid
docosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C22 fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid : The all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13-, 16- and 19-positions.		2.4420docosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
human metabolite
bafilomycin a
[no description available]		1.9910
n-caproylsphingosine
N-(hexanoyl)sphing-4-enine : An N-acylsphingosine consisting of sphing-4-enine bearing a hexanoyl group on nitrogen.		2.0810N-acylsphingosine
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.		2.9840cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer; member of a class of cationic lipid formulations called cytofectins		2.0510
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2		2.0110naphthalenes
ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.		1.9810ammonium salt;
inorganic sulfate salt		fertilizer
tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.		2.3820azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		1.9510chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.		2.1510(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
selenocyanic acid
[no description available]		2.0610organic radical
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		2.610maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		5.69181
dehydroergosterol
dehydroergosterol : A phytosterol consiting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6-, 7,8- 9,11- and 22,23-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.		2.01103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols		biomarker;
metabolite
manoalide
manoalide: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; sesterterpene from marine sponge L. variabilis; structure given in first source. manoalide : A sesterterpenoid isolated from the marine sponge Luffariella variabilis and which has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity towards phospholipase A2.		2.420butenolide;
lactol;
sesterterpenoid		EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
metabolite
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source		2.4820
dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine
dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine: chemical name in article is incorrect - phosphatidylethandamine instead of phosphatidylethanolamine. dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.		2.5420phosphatidylethanolamine
sphingosine phosphorylcholine
sphingosine phosphorylcholine: a wound healing agent		14.592602
diarachidonyl diglyceride
diradylglycerol : Any lipid that is glycerol bearing two substituent groups - either acyl, alkyl, or alk-1-enyl - at any two of the three possible positions.		1.9810
ono 4057
ONO-LB 457: LTB4 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0610
1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylserine
1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylserine: RN given in first source; RN given refers to (R-(Z,Z))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 6/90. 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl L-serine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.. phosphatidylserine(18:1/18:1) : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine in which the 1- and 2-acyl groups are octadecenoyl groups.		2.4720phosphatidylserine(18:1/18:1)mouse metabolite
erucylphosphocholine
erucylphosphocholine: structure given in first source		6.06370
1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine: used for premature induction of labor in rabbits; RN given refers to (all Z)-isomer		2.4220
1-stearoyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylcholine
1-stearoyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (all-Z)-isomer		2.0110
sphingosyl beta-glucoside
sphingosyl beta-glucoside: isolated from spleen in Gaucher's disease		6.54100
everolimus
[no description available]		3.1750cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
laq824
LAQ824: Histone deacetylase inhibitor		2.0410
ganglioside, gd2
[no description available]		2.1110
asialo gm1 ganglioside
[no description available]		1.9910
cgp-56697
Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination: Drug combination of artemether and lumefantrine that is used to treat PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA.		2.1110
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide
Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.		2.0710galactosylceramide sulfate;
N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
beta-escin
Escin: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.		2.0110triterpenoid saponin
tanespimycin
CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A		2.72301,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
Hsp90 inhibitor
beta-escin
[no description available]		3.2960
4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.0610
sb 222200
[no description available]		2.1110quinolines
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		2.0510nitrofuran antibiotic
morphinans
Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.		2.0310isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
morphinane alkaloid
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).		210nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		3.5180cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
fumagillin
[no description available]		2.0410antibiotic antifungal drug;
carboxylic ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
meroterpenoid;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
fungal metabolite;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
retapamulin
retapamulin: a synthetic pleuromutilin		2.1710carbotricyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
cyclic ketone
belinostat
[no description available]		2.0710hydroxamic acid;
olefinic compound;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
panobinostat
Panobinostat: An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.. panobinostat : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[4-({[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used (as its lactate salt) in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma.		4.120cinnamamides;
hydroxamic acid;
methylindole;
secondary amino compound		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
isoborneol
isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.3110borneol
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		6.26131ammonium ion derivative
dioleoylphosphatidic acid
dioleoylphosphatidic acid: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidic acid : A phosphatidic acid in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.		2101,2-bis(octadec-9-enoyl)phosphatidic acid
phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.		6.11291phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cholanic acid
cholanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomer designation. cholanic acid : A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24.. colanic acid : A polyanionic heteropolysaccharide containing a repeat unit with D-glucose, L-fucose, D-galactose, and D-glucuronic acid sugars that are non-stoichiometrically decorated with O-acetyl and pyruvate side-chains		2.1310cholanic acids
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		3.8430biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
formazans
Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.		2.0510
s-nitrosocysteine
S-nitrosocysteine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor.. S-nitroso-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent. A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor.		210L-cysteine derivative;
nitrosothio compound		hematologic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
midostaurin
midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.		1.9910benzamides;
gamma-lactam;
indolocarbazole;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
davunetide
davunetide: AL-108 is a nasal systemic formulation; AL-208 is an intravenous formulation; associated with glial proteins regulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide, are shown now to provide protective intervention in a model of fetal alcohol syndrome		2.0510oligopeptide
Alexa Fluor 555
Alexa Fluor 555: a fluorescent dye. Alexa Fluor 555 : A fluorescent dye of absorption wavelength 555 nm and emission wavelength 565 nm, derived from a 3,6-diaminoxanthene-4,5-disulfate.		2.1710xanthenesfluorochrome
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		1.9810oligopeptide
knk 437
KNK 437: inhibits thermotolerance acquisition and heat shock protein induction in colon carcinoma cells; structure in first source		2.0810
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		4.6661aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
scio-469
SCIO-469: a small-molecule p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor for potential oral therapy for inflammatory disorders; in phase lib clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis 4/2004. talmapimod : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-3-[(dimethylamino)(oxo)acetyl]-1-methylindole-5-carboxylic acid with the secondary amino group of (2S,5R)-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2,5-dimethylpiperazine. It is a potent inhibitor of MAPK and exhibits anti-cancer properties.		2.0310aromatic amide;
aromatic ketone;
chloroindole;
dicarboxylic acid diamide;
indolecarboxamide;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		3.4811aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
zotarolimus
zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source		9.4295lactam;
macrolide
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		3.0550dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
pi103
PI103: pyridofuropyrimidine antineoplastic; a potent inhibitor of class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K); structure in first soruce		2.4920aromatic amine;
morpholines;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
samarium
sphingomyelin 16:0 : A sphingomyelin in which the total number of carbons contained in the sphingoid base and fatty acyl groups is 16 with zero double bonds.. sphingomyelin d18:1/16:0 : A sphingomyelin d18:1 in which the fatty acyl group contains 16 carbons and is fully saturated.. N-hexadecanoylsphingosine-1-phosphocholine : A sphingomyelin 34:1 in which the N-acyl group and sphingoid base are specified as hexadecanoyl and sphingosine respectively.		2.0710sphingomyelin d18:1/16:0mouse metabolite
zeolites
[no description available]		2.2510
aq4n
AQ4N: structure given in first source		2.2110
g(m1) ganglioside
G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.		3.2660alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine;
sialotetraosylceramide
aluminum oxide
Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.		2.1710
osu 03012
OSU 03012: a PDK-1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.2110antibiotic antifungal drug;
aromatic amide;
glycine derivative;
organofluorine compound;
phenanthrenes;
pyrazoles		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
deltorphin i, ala(2)-
deltorphin I, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors		1.9810peptide
masitinib
[no description available]		3.18101,3-thiazoles;
benzamides;
N-alkylpiperazine;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		3.8421benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
jte 013
JTE 013: an Edg-5 antagonist. JTE-013 : A semicarbazide derivative that is semicarbazide in which the amino group at position 2 is replaced by a [1,3-dimethyl-4-(propan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl]amino group and the amino group adjacent to the carbonyl is replaced by a (2,6-dichloropyridin-4-yl)amino group. It is a potent S1P2 antagonist (IC50 = 17.6 nM).		2.0110chloropyridine;
pyrazolopyridine		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
osteogenesis regulator;
pro-angiogenic agent;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 antagonist
decanoylcarnitine
decanoylcarnitine: therapeutic agent for diabetic acidosis; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. O-decanoylcarnitine : An O-acylcarnitine compound having decanoyl as the acyl substituent.		2.1310decanoate ester;
O-acylcarnitine		human urinary metabolite
alpha-synuclein
alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.		2.520
erucylphospho-n,n,n-trimethylpropylammonium
erucylphospho-N,N,N-trimethylpropylammonium: an antineoplastic agent		4.4560
eledoisin
Eledoisin: A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364)		2.0110peptide
phyllomedusin
[no description available]		2.0510
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		3.250
ucn 1028 c
calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides		2.4120
acebutolol
alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.		3.0840alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
abt-737
[no description available]		2.6320aromatic amine;
aryl sulfide;
biphenyls;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
nutlin-3a
nutlin 3: an MDM2 antagonist; structure in first source		2.0510stilbenoid
32,33,34,35-bacteriohopanetetrol
32,33,34,35-bacteriohopanetetrol: hopanoid from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila; structure given in first source. bacteriohopane-32,33,34,35-tetrol : A hopanoid that is bacteriohopane carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 32, 33, 34 and 35.		2.0810hopanoid;
tetrol		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
lipoxygenase inhibitor
carfilzomib
[no description available]		5.2140epoxide;
morpholines;
tetrapeptide		antineoplastic agent;
proteasome inhibitor
veratridine
Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.		1.9710
crizotinib
Crizotinib: A piperidine and aminopyridine derivative that acts as an inhibitor of RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES, including ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE (ALK) and HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (HGFR; c-Met). It is used in the treatment of NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. crizotinib : A 3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine that has R configuration at the chiral centre. The active enantiomer, it acts as a kinase inhibitor and is used for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)		3.18103-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amineantineoplastic agent;
biomarker;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
2,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene
oleocanthal: newly pressed extra-virgin olive oil contains oleocanthal, acting as a natural anti-inflammatory compound that has a potency and profile strikingly similar to that of ibuprofen; structure in first source. oleocanthal : A carboxylic ester that is the 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of (3S)-4-formyl-3-(2-oxoethyl)hex-4-enoic acid. Oleocanthal is found in olive oil but it is not clear whether the natural product is a mixture of E/Z isomers or a single isomer as the two isomers readily interconvert in solution; most pharmacological studies will have been performed using a mixture.		2.4110
phytic acid
inositol pentaphosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9810inositol phosphate
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		2.0410
alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc
Sialyl Lewis X Antigen: A sialylated version of Lewis X antigen expressed on cell surfaces. It is a ligand for SELECTINS.. alpha-Neup5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1->3)]-D-GlcpNAc : A branched amino tetrasaccharide consisting of a sialyl residue, linked (2->3) to a galactosyl residue that in turn is linked (1->4) to a glucosaminyl residue, which is also carrying a fucosyl residue at the 3-position.		2.7230amino tetrasaccharide;
glucosamine oligosaccharide		epitope
palmitoylcarnitine
Palmitoylcarnitine: A long-chain fatty acid ester of carnitine which facilitates the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm into mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.. O-palmitoyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine in which the acyl group is specified as palmitoyl (hexadecanoyl).		3.3260O-palmitoylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		3.0850benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		2.0410
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		3.3670
indocyanine green
Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.		2.41101,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.3720
dactolisib
dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.		3.1950imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		2.9140
tryptophan octyl ester
[no description available]		210
resorcinarene
resorcinarene: structure in first source		2.0610
rifamycins
[no description available]		3.3510
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		3.75110
physalaemin
Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator.		2.4520
propargylcholine
propargylcholine: used to label glycoproteins; structure in first source		7.1110
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		2.7230organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-(3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)cyclopropane-1-sulfonamide
N-(3,4-difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-6-methoxyphenyl)-1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)cyclopropane-1-sulfonamide: a MEK inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0710
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		3.75100
cosyntropin
Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.		2.420
melitten
Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.		3.7100
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		2.730
ceruletide
Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.		1.9810oligopeptidediagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug
dynorphins
Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.		2.940
tachyplesin peptide, tachypleus tridentatus
tachyplesin peptide, Tachypleus tridentatus: isolated from the hemocytes of the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus); cationic peptide; 17 amino acid residues given in first source		2.420
magainin 2 peptide, xenopus
magainin 2 peptide, Xenopus: from skin of Xenopus laevis; 23-amino acid sequence given in first source; differs from magainin 1 by substitution of Lys instead of Gly at position 10 & Asn instead of Lys at position 22; also used to prevent development of malarial oocysts in mosquito vector; Z-12 is magainin 2 with Lys and Phe residues replaced with their respective D-isomers; homologue of the Xenopus laevis cement; GenBank AF004262 (mouse), AF007791, AF038451-2 (human)		2.6930
ranalexin
ranalexin: an antimicrobial peptide from bullfrog Rana catesbeiana; a 20-amino acid peptide which contains a single intramolecular disulfide bond that forms a heptapeptide ring within the molecule; amino acid sequence given in first source		1.9910
pleurocidin
pleurocidin: isolated from the skin secretions of the winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus; amino acid sequence in first source		2.0210
gala peptide
GALA peptide: synthetic 30 amino acid peptide; its association with membrane vesicles has been studied; amino acid sequence given in first source		2.0510
protegrin-1
protegrin-1: GenBank X84094		3.1250
alamethicin
Alamethicin: A cyclic nonadecapeptide antibiotic that can act as an ionophore and is produced by strains of Trichoderma viride. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.4320
magainin 1 peptide, xenopus
magainin I: Antibiotic peptide. Thought to preferentially bind to anionic phosholipids.		2.0110
sinapultide
sinapultide: RN & amino acid sequence in first source		3.1410
gastrins
Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.		2.0310
gramicidin a
Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.		2.6930
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		4.79100peptide hormone
beta-endorphin
beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).		1.9710
emerimicins
Peptaibols: A group of peptides characterized by length of 1-2 dozen residues with a high proportion of them being non-proteinogenic, notably alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) and isovaline, and have a C-terminal amino alcohol and N terminal alkyl group. They are found in FUNGI and some are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. They form channels or pores in target organisms. The term is a contraction of peptide-Aib-alcohol.		3.1250
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		3.2760
s6c sarafotoxin
sarafotoxins s6: several isotoxins from Atractaspis engaddensis; has strong cardiotoxic activity; all contain 21 amino acid residues; see also endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor		1.9910
ampullosporin
ampullosporin: a 15-membered peptaibol-type antibiotic from Sepedonium ampullosporum; structure given in first source		2.0510
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)
[no description available]		1.9810
tannins
Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.		2.3110
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		2.9740
transportan
transportan: a galparan (C107160) analog, useful as a carrier vector for hydrophilic molecule, therefore named transportan; amino acid sequence known		2.0210
tritrpticin
tritrpticin: a 13-amino acid, tryptophan-rich cationic peptide		2.4320
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		1.9810
gastrin 17
gastrin-17 : One of the primary forms of gastrin that is a 17-membered peptide consisting of Glp, Gly, Pro, Trp, Leu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Glu, Ala, Tyr, Gly, Trp, Met, Asp and Phe-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		2.0310gastrinantineoplastic agent
natriuretic peptide, c-type
Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.		2.4110
parasin i
[no description available]		2.0210
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		4.26180glycoside
3,3'-diethylthiacarbocyanine iodide
[no description available]		1.9810benzothiazoles;
cyanine dye		fluorochrome
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		2.4120
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		13.6629841,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
n-hexanoyldihydrosphingosine
N-hexanoyldihydroceramide : A dihydroceramide in which the ceramide N-acyl group is specified as hexanoyl.		2.0810N-acylsphinganine
buparlisib
NVP-BKM120: a pan class I PI3 kinase inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.110aminopyridine;
aminopyrimidine;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
gsk690693
[no description available]		3.02401,2,5-oxadiazole;
acetylenic compound;
aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
imidazopyridine;
piperidines;
primary amino compound;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
hoe 33342
bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye		1.9910
sphingosine kinase
[no description available]		2.7330
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-elenolic acid dialdehyde
oleacein: found in olive oil; structure in first source		2.4110alcohol;
phenols
calpain
Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.		2.4520
lucifer yellow
lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt		2.9310organic lithium saltfluorochrome
pyrazolopyridine
pyrazolopyridine: act as competitive antagonists of brain adenosine A1 receptors		2.1510
urethane acrylate
urethane acrylate: UV curing resin cpd implicated in contact dermatitis		7.0710
chitosan
[no description available]		4.58230
choline methacrylate
choline methacrylate: choline methacrylate = trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chloride salt		2.0210
technetium tc 99m sestamibi
Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.		2.0210
15-deoxyprostaglandin j2
15-deoxyprostaglandin J2: 15d-PGJ2 abbreviation is also used for 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)PGJ2		2.1310
1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine
1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-(5-oxovaleryl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine having palmitoyl and 5-oxovaleryl groups at the 1- and 2-positions respectively; major species at pH 7.3.		2.01101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
aldehyde		apoptosis inducer
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		1.98103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
sodium nitrite
Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.		210inorganic sodium salt;
nitrite salt		antidote to cyanide poisoning;
antihypertensive agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
food antioxidant;
poison
amphotericin b, deoxycholate drug combination
[no description available]		6100
sarkosyl
sarkosyl: RN given is for sarkosyl L, the parent cpd; structure		2.1510
psychosine-3'-sulfate ester
psychosine-3'-sulfate ester: RN given refers to Na(R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer		3.150
stearates
Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.		2.6830
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m
Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.		210
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination
Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination: An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS.		2.0510
arginine
Teniposide: A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.. teniposide : A furonaphthodioxole that is a synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with anti-tumour activity; causes single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA and DNA-protein cross-links and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding.		1.9910
olaparib
[no description available]		2.2110cyclopropanes;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-acylpiperazine;
phthalazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate : A phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 4-position.		2.520
s-adenosylmethionine
(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.		3.2660organic cation;
sulfonium compound		coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uridine diphosphate n-acetylmuramic acid
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate(3-) : A UDP-N-acetyl-D-muramate(3-) in which the anomeric centre of the pyranose fragment has alpha-configuration.		2.0110UDP-N-acetylmuramate(3-)
phosphatidylcholines
1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer. 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A phosphatidylcholine 36:1 in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are stearoyl and oleoyl respectively.		2.01101-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine;
1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1,2-diarachidonoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1,2-diarachidonoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine: RN given refers to (all-Z)-isomer. 1,2-di-O-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are both arachidonoyl.		2.11101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
pci 32765
ibrutinib: a Btk protein inhibitor. ibrutinib : A member of the class of acrylamides that is (3R)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidine in which the piperidine nitrogen is replaced by an acryloyl group. A selective and covalent inhibitor of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase, it is used for treatment of B-cell malignancies.		2.4110acrylamides;
aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
tertiary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
mk 2206
MK 2206: a protein kinase inhibitor and antineoplastic agent		3.570organic heterotricyclic compoundEC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
egg white
Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		2.1710
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
[no description available]		3.1750BODIPY compound
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		8.1475
trelstar
Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.		2.1110
adrenocorticotropic hormone
[no description available]		2.6930
incb-018424
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
pyrazoles;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
mannans
[no description available]		3.150
ixazomib
ixazomib: a proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708; structure in first source. ixazomib : A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.		3.1910benzamides;
boronic acids;
dichlorobenzene;
glycine derivative		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite;
orphan drug;
proteasome inhibitor
lysophosphatidylserine
lysophosphatidylserine: stimulates histamine secretion from isolated mast cells in mouse plasma. lysophosphatidylserine : An acylglycerophosphoserine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylserine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl. Formula C7H13NO9PR, where R represents the hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acyl group.. 1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerophosphoserine in which the acyl group is specified as stearoyl (octadecanoyl).		2.39201-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine
4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl acetic acid
(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.		3.9840monocarboxylic acid anion
plx4032
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic ketone;
difluorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrrolopyridine;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
B-Raf inhibitor
ganglioside, gd1a
[no description available]		1.9810
glycolipids
[no description available]		13.81010
elafin
Elafin: A secretory proteinase inhibitory protein that was initially purified from human SKIN. It is found in a variety mucosal secretions and is present at high levels in SPUTUM. Elafin may play a role in the innate immunity (IMMUNITY, INNATE) response of the LUNG.		2.0710
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		4.7490
pht 427
4-dodecyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source		2.1510
cyanidin 3-galactoside
cyanidin 3-galactoside: structure in first source		2.0610
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.7230
vb-201
1-palmityl-2-(4-carboxybutyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: an oxidized phospholipid small molecule that constrains CNS autoimmune disease		2.0510
exenatide
Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.		2.4420
kalata b1
kalata B1: a 29-residue cyclotide which has a cystine knot structure and beta-sheet; causes uterine contraction; the principal active component from Oldenlandia affinis; amino acid sequence given in first source		3.5320
afuresertib
[no description available]		2.1510amphetamines
1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: structure in first source. 1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine having palmitoyl and azelaoyl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively.		4.231601,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine
2-O-glutaroyl-1-O-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine having palmitoyl and glutaroyl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively.		2.05101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
xl765
[no description available]		2.1110aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
benzamides;
quinoxaline derivative;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) in which both acyl groups are specified as oleoyl.		2.92401,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.		2.9240
pgp-me
PGP-Me: a phospholipid from the membrane of Halobacterium salinarum; structure in first source		2.2510
heparitin sulfate
Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.		2.0210
tuftsin
Tuftsin: N(2)-((1-(N(2)-L-Threonyl)-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-L-arginine. A tetrapeptide produced in the spleen by enzymatic cleavage of a leukophilic gamma-globulin. It stimulates the phagocytic activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neutrophils in particular. The peptide is located in the Fd fragment of the gamma-globulin molecule.		5.3690peptide
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		2.9540ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		2.0610
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.9340benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
magnesium monoperoxyphthalate
magnesium monoperoxyphthalate: RN given refers to dihydride		2.1710
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		3.3970
kaolinite
Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.		1.9710aluminosilicate mineral;
mixture		antidiarrhoeal drug;
excipient
wr279396
WR279396: a topical antileishmanial drug		3.2110
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		3.77100
antimony potassium tartrate
Antimony Potassium Tartrate: A schistosomicide possibly useful against other parasites. It has irritant emetic properties and may cause lethal cardiac toxicity among other adverse effects.		2.9940
okadaic acid
Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.		1.9810ketal
phosphatidylethanol
phosphatidylethanol: formed in rat brain by phospholipase D. phosphatidylethanol : A glycerophospholipid that is the monoethyl ester of any phosphatidic acid.		2.3920
vo-ohpic
VO-OHpic: a vanadyl small molecule that inhibits PTEN Phosphohydrolase		2.3110
maitotoxin
[no description available]		1.9810
cobra cardiotoxin proteins
Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins: Most abundant proteins in COBRA venom; basic polypeptides of 57 to 62 amino acids with four disulfide bonds and a molecular weight of less than 7000; causes skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, interferes with neuromuscular and ganglionic transmission, depolarizes nerve, muscle and blood cell membranes, thus causing hemolysis.		2.420
glutaminase
[no description available]		2.3920
cyclin d1
Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.		2.4820
lysophosphatidylethanolamine
lysophosphatidylethanolamine : A glycerophosphoethanolamine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylethanolamine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl.		2.1710
onc201
TIC10 compound: a TRAIL-dependent antitumor agent; structure in first source		2.1510
oligomycins
Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).		2.4520
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor		2.7130
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.		5.21160
indolicidin
[no description available]		2.9440
calpastatin
calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).		2.1110polypeptideEC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
zervamicin iib
zervamicin IIB: one of a family of 16 residue peptaibol channel formers; amino acid sequence given in first source		2.0110
flexibilide
flexibilide: cembranoid lactone; structure in first source & in UD 32;123h		2.1310
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		2.0210
gibberellins
[no description available]		2.3110
daptomycin
[no description available]		2.0510
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		3.7421
oxyntomodulin
Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.		1.9810
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		2.7530
triciribine
triciribine: structure. triciribine : A nucleoside analogue in which the nucleobase portion is a 1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylene ring system substituted with an amino group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 5 and is bound to the beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety by an N(1)-glycosidic linkage.		2.7830
cytochalasin d
Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.		2.3920
peptide yy
Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		2.0210
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.		2.4420
delta hemolysin protein, staphylococcus aureus
delta hemolysin protein, Staphylococcus aureus: membrane-damaging peptide of 26 residues from Staph aureus		1.9710
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55)
[no description available]		2.0510
crambin protein, crambe abyssinica
crambin protein, Crambe abyssinica: 44 amino acid, molecular weight 5000, water-insoluble protein found in the seed of the plant Crambe abyssinica		2.0310
digitonin
Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.		2.7130
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		2.1310
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		4.47220
kutkin
kutkin: alcoholic extract of the root and rrhizome of Picrorhiza kurrooa; has heptatoprotective activity; contains picroside I, kutkoside, and a small amount of other minor glycosides of P. kurrooa		2.9740
lanthiopeptin
lanthiopeptin: Isolated from Streptoverticillium griseoverticillatum; contains 15 amino acids; structure given in first source. cinnamycin : A type B lantibiotic consisting of a 19 amino acid tetracyclic polypeptide produced by Streptomyces cinnamoneus.		2.1510heterodetic cyclic peptide;
L-cysteine thioether;
macrocycle;
type B lantibiotic
amyloid beta-peptides
amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined		2.1110
promega
Promega: refined fish-oil product concentrated in long-chain polyunsaturated omega 3 fatty acids; principal fatty acids are 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid & 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid		1.9910
akt-i-1,2 compound
Akt-I-1,2 compound: an aminopeptidase P inhibitor; structure in first source		2.5820
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		2.43203',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		3.580guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine
[no description available]		2.02102-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		2.0510inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		4.99120folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
3-methyladenine
N3-methyladenine: structure in first source		2.4620
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		2.6930nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		4.4730cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		4.2850dacarbazine
ganciclovir
[no description available]		2.01102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
pralidoxime
pralidoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd; chloride was minor descriptor (75-80); on-line & Index Medicus search PRALIDOXIME COMPOUNDS (66-80). pralidoxime : A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.		2.0210pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
hlo 7
HLo 7: structure given in first source		2.0210organic molecular entity
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		7.42182nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		2.1310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
amido black
Amido Black: A dye used to stain proteins in electrophoretic techniques. It is used interchangeably with its acid form.. Amido Black 10B (acid form) : A bis(azo) compound that is naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3, 4, 5, and 6 are replaced by (p-nitrophenyl)azo, amino, hydroxy, and phenylazo groups, respectively. A biological stain, it can be used interchangeably with its disodium salt, Amido Black 10B.		1.9810
8-bromocyclic gmp
8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.		2103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
organobromine compound		muscle relaxant;
protein kinase G agonist
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		3.1250
asoxime chloride
[no description available]		2.0210
phosphocreatinine
phosphocreatinine: cyclic deriv of phosphocreatine; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.2510organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
cyanine dye 3
cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source		2.2110
lipoteichoic acid
lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.		8.3970
eye
[no description available]		7.9240
cycloviolacin o2
cycloviolacin O2: macrocyclic peptide (cyclotide) from the two violets, Viola arvensis Murr. and Viola odorata (Violaceae); amino acid sequence in first source		2.0510
acetylcellulose
acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.		2.7130
apelin-12 peptide
apelin-12 peptide: amino acid sequence in first source		2.0510oligopeptidebiomarker;
human blood serum metabolite;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
scyliorhinin ii
scyliorhinin II: tachykinin from dogfish gut; selective radioligand for the tachykinin NK3 receptor in rat.		2.0410
at 7867
AT 7867: inhibits Akt and p70 S6 kinase; has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.2110
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		3.4880
lucinactant
lucinactant: a pulmonary surfactant composed of sinapultide, colfosceril palmitate, palmitoyloleaoylphosphatidylglycerol, and palmitic acid		4.730
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		7.3820
antimony sodium gluconate
Antimony Sodium Gluconate: Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis.		13.08436
dinitrobenzenes
Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.		5130
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		5.29100
temporin
temporin: isolated from frogs Rana temporaria & R. clamitans; has many isoforms; amino acid sequence in first source		2.7630
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		2.5220
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		1.9910
mersacidin
mersacidin: a globular type B lantibiotic; peptide isolated form a Bacillus species. mersacidin : A type-B lantibiotic containing 3-methyllanthionine and S-(2-aminovinyl)-3-methylcysteine residues and four intra-chain thioether bridges. It is obtained from Bacillus sp. HIL Y-85,54728 and is active in vivo against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).		2.0110
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		2.0810
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		012.11586
Keratitis, Acanthamoeba
[description not available]		05.63160
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		012.11586
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		03.89120
Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Infection of the cornea by an ameboid protozoan which may cause corneal ulceration leading to blindness.		05.63160
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		06.57461
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		06.57461
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		011.48237
Cardiomyopathy, Chagas
[description not available]		02.3110
Chagas Cardiomyopathy
A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY.		02.3110
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		011.48237
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		02.830
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		05.1190
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		05.1190
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		03.4870
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		07.830
Black Fever
[description not available]		019.3831036
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		011.32395
Leishmaniasis, American
[description not available]		018.7519029
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.		019.3831036
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		011.32395
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.		018.7519029
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		04.7361
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		04.7361
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		08.76314
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		04.6190
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		08.76314
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.7430
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		010.21450
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		07.85124
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		07.85124
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		04.6380
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		09.6380
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		07.72213
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		04.83120
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		04.83120
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		08.44422
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		06.98271
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		08.44422
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		06.98271
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		04.17160
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		013.02597
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		013.02597
Brain Abscess
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)		03.3310
Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection
[description not available]		03.3310
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		05.8681
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		05.8681
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial
[description not available]		02.3110
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		04.2240
Lymphocytopenia
[description not available]		02.7430
Lymphopenia
Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.		02.7430
Mitochondrial Diseases
Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.		02.3110
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.9640
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		02.9640
FMR1-Related Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
[description not available]		02.4110
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections. The most commonly known genetic cause is the expansion of a CGG repeat to 55 to 199 copies in the 5' untranslated region in the X-linked FMR1 gene.		02.4110
Recrudescence
[description not available]		014.355919
Co-infection
[description not available]		09.42154
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		05.7773
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		011.48836
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		011.48836
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		02.830
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		02.830
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		06.88330
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		015.03272
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		06.88330
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		07.5171
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic
[description not available]		02.4110
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		08.72158
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		07.5171
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.		02.4110
Adenitis, Salivary Gland
[description not available]		02.4110
Sicca Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4110
Sjogren's Syndrome
Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.		07.4110
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		02.4110
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		013.42491
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		02.4110
Acanthamoeba Meningoencephalitis
[description not available]		04.6490
Abscess, Amebic
[description not available]		04.86120
Amebiasis
Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur.		04.86120
Parasitemia
The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.9940
American Trypanosomiasis
[description not available]		04.9950
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.		04.9950
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		03.1650
Foot and Mouth Disease
[description not available]		02.4110
Ovine Diseases
[description not available]		02.4110
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		02.9840
Uveitis
Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.7220
Ache
[description not available]		02.7130
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		02.7130
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		05.95170
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		05.95170
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		02.4110
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		07.4110
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.96130
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		08.35272
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		08.35272
Thromboembolism, Venous
[description not available]		03.5720
Blood Clot
[description not available]		08.6301
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		08.6301
Venous Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		03.5720
Grippe
[description not available]		02.6320
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.		02.6320
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		02.4110
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
[description not available]		04.4241
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		05.31121
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.		04.4241
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		05.31121
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		02.6920
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		03.5170
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		02.7620
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		03.5720
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		02.6920
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		03.5170
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.7620
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		03.5720
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		06.3982
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		06.3982
Keloid
A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.		02.4620
Atheroma
[description not available]		03.5170
Bleeding
[description not available]		06.57102
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		04.5280
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		011.57102
Aneurysm, Ruptured
The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.		05.4350
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		05.6270
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (		05.6270
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		05.4350
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		03.3340
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		04.12140
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		04.12140
Leishmania Infection
[description not available]		013.2781
Leishmaniasis
A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).		013.2781
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		05.18101
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		05.18101
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		02.6120
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		03.1750
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		08.1750
Infections, Legionella pneumophila
[description not available]		02.6620
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		02.610
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		02.610
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		02.610
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		07.26151
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		07.26151
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		05.8964
Fungal Diseases
[description not available]		04.4170
Mycoses
Diseases caused by FUNGI.		04.4170
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		08.35152
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		08.35152
Colitis, Mucous
[description not available]		03.5520
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		05.6432
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		05.6432
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.		03.5520
Prosthesis Durability
[description not available]		04.79110
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.		011.17162
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		05.850
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		05.850
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.18170
Neurovisceral Storage Disease with Vertical Supranuclear Ophthalmoplegia
[description not available]		06.6190
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C
An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that is characterized by accumulation of CHOLESTEROL and SPHINGOMYELINS in cells of the VISCERA and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Type C (or C1) and type D are allelic disorders caused by mutation of the NPC1 gene, which encodes a protein that mediates intracellular cholesterol transport from LYSOSOMES. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly and chronic neurological symptoms. Type D is a variant in people with a Nova Scotia ancestry.		06.6190
Infections, Pneumococcal
[description not available]		07.98440
Pneumococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		07.98440
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		02.7330
Communicable Diseases, Imported
Infectious diseases originating in one geographically delineated ecosystem that are carried (by travel or immigration) to another geographically delineated ecosystem by an infected individual, animal, or disease vector.		02.6920
Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous
A disease characterized by the chronic, progressive spread of lesions from New World cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by species of the L. braziliensis complex to the nasal, pharyngeal, and buccal mucosa some time after the appearance of the initial cutaneous lesion. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis are frequent presenting symptoms.		09.9215
Candida Infection
[description not available]		03.460
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.460
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		010.56293
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		010.56293
Eye Infections, Parasitic
Mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites.		03.8330
Caries, Dental
[description not available]		03.0540
Dental Caries
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.		03.0540
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		011.77238
Dermatomycoses
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.		02.2510
Pythiosis
A granulomatous disease caused by the aquatic organism PYTHIUM insidiosum and occurring primarily in horses, cattle, dogs, cats, fishes, and rarely in humans. It is classified into three forms: ocular, cutaneous, and arterial.		02.930
Foreign-Body Reaction
Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.		03.5980
Ascariasis
Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.		03.690
Dirofilariasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus DIROFILARIA, usually in animals, especially dogs, but occasionally in man.		02.2510
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		08.69383
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		09.2460
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		04.3540
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		04.2460
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		04.3540
Toxoplasmosis, Animal
Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.		02.5520
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		02.5920
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		02.5920
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		07.1123
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		02.7430
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		07.1123
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		03.9321
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		03.9321
Pancytopenia
Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.		02.2510
Travel Sickness
[description not available]		02.2510
Hyperkinetic Dysphonia
[description not available]		02.930
Diseases of Pharynx
[description not available]		02.2510
Nasal Septal Perforation
An opening or hole in the NASAL SEPTUM that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, drug use, or pathological process.		02.2510
Nasal Diseases
[description not available]		02.5120
Dysphonia
Difficulty and/or pain in PHONATION or speaking.		02.930
Niemann-Pick Disease
[description not available]		04.98150
Niemann-Pick Diseases
A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences.		09.98150
Rheumatism
[description not available]		02.2510
Rheumatic Diseases
Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.		07.2510
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		02.2510
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		02.2510
Haemophilus Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.		04.14150
Middle Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		05.84122
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.		05.84122
Infection
[description not available]		03.8620
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		03.1710
Infections
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.		03.8620
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		02.9540
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		02.3110
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		02.3110
Parasitic Skin Diseases
[description not available]		04.1150
Schistosoma mansoni Infection
[description not available]		03.3860
Schistosomiasis mansoni
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.		03.3860
Granulomas
[description not available]		03.0140
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		03.0140
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea.		04.250
Acid beta-Glucosidase Deficiency
[description not available]		02.520
Gaucher Disease
An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.		02.520
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		04.3341
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		09.3341
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		02.7830
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		02.3110
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		02.3110
Erysipeloid
An infection caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae that is almost wholly restricted to persons who in their occupation handle infected fish, shellfish, poultry, or meat. Three forms of this condition exist: a mild localized form manifested by local swelling and redness of the skin; a diffuse form that might present with fever; and a rare systemic form associated with endocarditis.		02.2510
Carotid Artery Narrowing
[description not available]		02.2510
Carotid Stenosis
Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)		02.2510
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		06.15111
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		06.15111
Demineralization, Tooth
[description not available]		03.1140
Dry Eye
[description not available]		02.3110
Dry Eye Syndromes
Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.		02.3110
Acantholytic Dyskeratotic Epidermal Nevi
[description not available]		03.2310
Leishmaniasis, Diffuse Cutaneous
A form of LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS caused by Leishmania aethiopica in Ethiopia and Kenya, L. pifanoi in Venezuela, L. braziliensis in South America, and L. mexicana in Central America. This disease is characterized by massive dissemination of skin lesions without visceral involvement.		05.16100
Catheter-Associated Infections
[description not available]		03.711
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		03.9140
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		03.9140
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		03.6830
Eye Foreign Bodies
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.		02.3110
Dysphagia
[description not available]		02.3110
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		02.4220
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.		02.3110
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		02.4220
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		02.3110
Allergic Rhinitis
[description not available]		08.5720
Rhinitis, Allergic
An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.		03.5720
Aspergillus Infection
[description not available]		03.0440
Aspergillosis
Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.		03.0440
Adenocarcinoma, Alveolar
[description not available]		02.3110
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar
A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3110
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		07.5220
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		02.5220
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		06.78122
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		06.78122
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		02.7730
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		02.7730
Capsule Opacification
Clouding or loss of transparency of the posterior lens capsule, usually following CATARACT extraction.		02.1510
Hepatoblastoma
A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.5320
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		05.4751
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		05.4751
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		02.1710
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		02.1710
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		07.34153
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed
[description not available]		03.8721
Bilateral Wilms Tumor
[description not available]		03.5311
Ewing Sarcoma
[description not available]		03.5311
Central Nervous System Neoplasm
[description not available]		03.5311
Anaplastic Ependymoma
[description not available]		03.5311
Ependymoma
Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)		03.5311
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)		03.8721
Wilms Tumor
A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childhood as a firm lump in a child's side or ABDOMEN.		03.5311
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		03.9221
Sarcoma, Ewing
A malignant tumor of the bone which always arises in the medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindrical bones. The tumor occurs usually before the age of 20, about twice as frequently in males as in females.		03.5311
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.		03.5311
Hyperuricemia
Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.		03.5311
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		04.5151
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness
[description not available]		02.1510
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		04.5151
Infections, Staphylococcal
[description not available]		02.4120
Staphylococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.4120
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		08.1450
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		03.1450
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		02.5420
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood
[description not available]		02.4220
Absence Status
[description not available]		02.1710
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe
A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).		02.4220
Status Epilepticus
A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)		02.1710
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.5311
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		03.5311
Protein Aggregation, Pathological
A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.		02.1510
Amyloidosis
A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.		02.7130
Neoplasms, Pleural
[description not available]		02.5120
Mesothelioma
A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.5120
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		04.1960
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma
[description not available]		02.4420
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		04.1960
Oligodendroglioma
A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)		02.4420
Asymptomatic Colonization
[description not available]		02.1710
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.9440
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		02.9440
Arthritides, Bacterial
[description not available]		02.1710
Osteomyelitis
INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.		02.4920
Altitude Hypoxia
Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.		02.1510
Altitude Sickness
Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.		02.1510
Chondromalacia
Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.		02.1710
Ear Diseases
Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.		02.1710
Zoonoses
Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.		05.2741
Cartilage Diseases
Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).		02.1710
Classical Niemann-Pick Disease
[description not available]		05.0931
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type A
The classic infantile form of Niemann-Pick Disease, caused by mutation in SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE. It is characterized by accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS in the cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM and other cell throughout the body leading to cell death. Clinical signs include JAUNDICE, hepatosplenomegaly, and severe brain damage.		05.0931
Anoxemia
[description not available]		05.5861
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		05.5861
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		08.1164
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		03.420
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		08.1164
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		03.420
Neointima
The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.		02.5920
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		08.42124
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		04.0930
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		03.0910
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		04.0930
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		03.0910
C gattii Infection
[description not available]		03.3560
Opportunistic Infections
An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.		04.0750
Cryptococcosis
Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.		03.3560
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		03.2860
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		03.2860
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		03.420
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		03.420
Infections, Pasteurellaceae
[description not available]		02.1710
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		02.9840
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.5520
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		02.5520
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		010.33238
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		010.33238
Peripheral Arterial Diseases
[description not available]		02.2110
Graft Occlusion, Vascular
Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.		03.4270
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.		02.2110
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		04.821
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		04.821
Acinetobacter Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.		02.2110
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		010.6316
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		010.6316
Infections, Nematode
[description not available]		02.2110
Sporothrix brasiliensis Infection
[description not available]		02.5520
Sporotrichosis
The commonest and least serious of the deep mycoses, characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by inhalation of contaminated dust or by infection of a wound with SPOROTHRIX.		02.5520
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		04.870
Infections, Nematomorpha
[description not available]		04.6640
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		04.870
Helminthiasis
Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.		04.6640
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		02.2110
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		011.16383
Aortic Arteritis, Giant Cell
[description not available]		02.2110
Giant Cell Arteritis
A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed)		07.2110
Neglected Diseases
Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA).		04.2860
Berger Disease
[description not available]		03.2560
Glomerulonephritis, IGA
A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.		03.2560
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.		02.1710
Animal Mammary Carcinoma
[description not available]		03.1350
Vitiligo
A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.		02.2110
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		03.3420
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		03.3420
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		02.9540
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
[description not available]		02.2110
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		09.93137
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		02.2110
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		09.93137
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated
[description not available]		02.5220
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell
A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).		02.5220
Sterility, Male
[description not available]		02.6930
Infertility, Male
The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.		02.6930
Abscess, Peritonsillar
[description not available]		02.2110
Epiglottitis
Inflammation of the EPIGLOTTIS.		02.2110
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain
[description not available]		03.1210
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		05.9852
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		03.1210
Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid
[description not available]		03.1210
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		05.9852
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		03.1210
Cerebral Palsy
A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)		03.1210
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.		03.1210
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.5520
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.		02.5520
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		02.2110
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		02.2110
Lung Adenocarcinoma
[description not available]		02.2110
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.2110
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		02.2110
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		03.1650
Prediabetes
[description not available]		02.2110
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		03.1650
Prediabetic State
The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.2110
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		02.2110
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		04.2160
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		04.2160
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		06.32141
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		04.3911
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		06.32141
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		04.3911
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		07.3570
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		07.3570
Erythremia
[description not available]		02.0810
Hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia
[description not available]		02.0810
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.		02.4620
Polycythemia Vera
A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.		02.0810
Thrombocythemia, Essential
A clinical syndrome characterized by repeated spontaneous hemorrhages and a remarkable increase in the number of circulating platelets.		02.0810
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		02.7830
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		02.7830
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		07.5662
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		04.3870
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		04.3870
Acute-Phase Reaction
An early local inflammatory reaction to insult or injury that consists of fever, an increase in inflammatory humoral factors, and an increased synthesis by hepatocytes of a number of proteins or glycoproteins usually found in the plasma.		02.9240
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.		02.9340
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		02.9140
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		02.9140
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		02.0810
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		02.0810
Kawasaki Disease
[description not available]		02.0810
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
An acute, febrile, mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes in infants and young children. The principal symptoms are fever, congestion of the ocular conjunctivae, reddening of the lips and oral cavity, protuberance of tongue papillae, and edema or erythema of the extremities.		02.0810
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		02.520
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		02.520
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.0810
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		02.4620
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		02.4620
Apoplexy
[description not available]		04.3741
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		04.3741
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		03.8821
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		05.45250
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		05.45250
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.5451
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		05.5961
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		05.5961
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		07.12182
Gastric Diseases
[description not available]		02.0810
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		07.12182
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		03.3720
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		03.3720
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		03.6790
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		03.6790
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		02.7130
Dejerine-Roussy Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0810
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		02.7130
Infections, Trichomonas
[description not available]		02.0810
Trichomonas Infections
Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.		02.0810
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.		02.4320
Carcinoma, Lobular
A type of BREAST CANCER where the abnormal malignant cells form in the lobules, or milk-producing glands, of the breast.		02.0810
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		04.6632
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous
A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders.		04.6632
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell
[description not available]		02.5120
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.		02.5120
Niemann-Pick Disease, Adult Non-Neuronopathic
[description not available]		02.5220
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type B
An allelic disorder of TYPE A NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE, a late-onset form. It is also caused by mutation in SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE but clinical signs involve only visceral organs (non-neuropathic type).		02.5220
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		03.2660
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		07.8992
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		07.8992
Airway Remodeling
The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.		02.110
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		02.7130
Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder
[description not available]		02.110
Bacteroidaceae Infections
Infections with bacteria of the family BACTEROIDACEAE.		02.1110
Pericementitis
[description not available]		03.150
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		08.150
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		04.3340
Skin Ulcer
An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.		04.3640
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		04.3340
Diseases of Immune System
[description not available]		02.110
Immune System Diseases
Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.		02.110
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		04.981
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		04.981
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		03.1650
Episcleritis
[description not available]		02.110
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		03.1650
Scleritis
Refers to any inflammation of the sclera including episcleritis, a benign condition affecting only the episclera, which is generally short-lived and easily treated. Classic scleritis, on the other hand, affects deeper tissue and is characterized by higher rates of visual acuity loss and even mortality, particularly in necrotizing form. Its characteristic symptom is severe and general head pain. Scleritis has also been associated with systemic collagen disease. Etiology is unknown but is thought to involve a local immune response. Treatment is difficult and includes administration of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Inflammation of the sclera may also be secondary to inflammation of adjacent tissues, such as the conjunctiva.		02.110
Babesia Infection
[description not available]		02.110
Corridor Disease
[description not available]		02.110
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		04.1960
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		04.1960
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
[description not available]		02.110
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.		02.110
Coronary Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		07.6783
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling
[description not available]		02.1110
Coronary Stenosis
Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.		07.6783
Coxarthrosis
[description not available]		02.1110
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head
[description not available]		02.1110
Osteoarthritis, Hip
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.		02.1110
Bilharziasis
[description not available]		02.110
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.		02.110
Arterial Diseases, Carotid
[description not available]		02.9840
Carotid Artery Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.		02.9840
Lassitude
[description not available]		03.4811
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		03.4811
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		03.4811
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome
[description not available]		02.110
Progeria
An abnormal congenital condition, associated with defects in the LAMIN TYPE A gene, which is characterized by premature aging in children, where all the changes of cell senescence occur. It is manifested by premature graying; hair loss; hearing loss (DEAFNESS); cataracts (CATARACT); ARTHRITIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; atrophy of subcutaneous fat; skeletal hypoplasia; elevated urinary HYALURONIC ACID; and accelerated ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Many affected individuals develop malignant tumors, especially SARCOMA.		02.110
Disseminated Fusariosis
[description not available]		02.5120
Fusariosis
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS with the soil fungus FUSARIUM. Typically the infection is limited to the nail plate (ONYCHOMYCOSIS). The infection can however become systemic especially in an IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST (e.g., NEUTROPENIA) and results in cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, fever, KERATITIS, and pulmonary infections.		02.5120
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis
[description not available]		02.4120
Meningitis, Pneumococcal
An acute purulent infection of the meninges and subarachnoid space caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, most prevalent in children and adults over the age of 60. This illness may be associated with OTITIS MEDIA; MASTOIDITIS; SINUSITIS; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; sickle cell disease (ANEMIA, SICKLE CELL); skull fractures; and other disorders. Clinical manifestations include FEVER; HEADACHE; neck stiffness; and somnolence followed by SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits (notably DEAFNESS); and COMA. (From Miller et al., Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p111)		02.4120
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4420
Fibromyalgia
A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)		02.4420
Duncan Disease
[description not available]		03.821
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.		03.821
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		02.9740
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		02.9740
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		02.1110
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		02.1110
Cancer of Intestines
[description not available]		04.1431
Intestinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.		04.1431
Autolysis
The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.		02.1110
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		03.1550
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		03.1550
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		03.3920
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		03.3920
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		07.1110
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell
An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)		02.1110
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		02.5220
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		02.5220
Angiospasm, Intracranial
[description not available]		05.4651
Vasospasm, Intracranial
Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).		05.4651
Amentia
[description not available]		02.7630
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		02.7630
Brain Hemorrhage
[description not available]		02.1110
Intracranial Hemorrhages
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.		02.1110
Complication, Intraoperative
[description not available]		03.8521
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.67310
Bruise
[description not available]		02.1110
Contusions
Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin.		02.1110
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		02.420
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus
[description not available]		02.4320
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		02.420
Lupus Nephritis
Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).		07.4320
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
An idiopathic, rapidly evolving, and severely debilitating disease occurring most commonly in association with chronic ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of boggy, purplish ulcers with undermined borders, appearing mostly on the legs. The majority of cases are in people between 40 and 60 years old. Its etiology is unknown.		02.1110
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.1110
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.1110
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		02.4520
ANCA-Associated Vasculitides
[description not available]		02.1110
Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
Group of systemic vasculitis with a strong association with ANCA. The disorders are characterized by necrotizing inflammation of small and medium size vessels, with little or no immune-complex deposits in vessel walls.		02.1110
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		02.730
Choline Deficiency
A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)		03.94130
Fetal Growth Restriction
[description not available]		02.1310
Fetal Growth Retardation
Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.		02.1310
Encephalitis Infection
[description not available]		02.1110
Caries, Cervical
[description not available]		02.5320
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		07.587
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		07.587
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)		02.1310
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		017.0110968
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.		017.0110968
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma
[description not available]		02.1110
Retinoblastoma
A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)		02.1110
Nail Diseases
Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.		02.1110
Orphan Diseases
Rare diseases that have not been well studied.		02.1110
Moniliasis, Oral
[description not available]		02.1110
Candidiasis, Oral
Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.1110
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		012.19104
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		07.19104
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae
[description not available]		02.1310
Orthomyxoviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.		02.1310
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.6830
Aortic Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.		02.1310
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		02.1310
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4920
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		07.4920
Cerebromeningitis
[description not available]		02.5120
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		02.4320
Pyrexia
[description not available]		02.1310
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		02.1310
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		02.4320
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		02.1310
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		02.1310
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.4720
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		03.5280
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.5280
Hoarseness
An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice.		02.1310
Laryngeal Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.		02.1310
Anguilluliasis
[description not available]		02.1310
Strongyloidiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.		02.1310
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		06.563
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.4220
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		02.8640
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		02.4220
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		02.8640
Oesophagostomiasis
Infection of the intestinal tract with worms of the genus OESOPHAGOSTOMUM. This condition occurs mainly in animals other than man.		02.1510
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue.		02.1310
Brain Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.1510
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		03.1150
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		03.1150
Sinus Infections
[description not available]		03.0610
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.		03.0610
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		03.3970
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.3970
Pigmentary Retinopathy
[description not available]		02.1510
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina.		02.1510
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		04.0750
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		04.0750
Middle Ear Effusion
[description not available]		04.9142
Eardrum Perforation
[description not available]		03.4311
Otitis Media with Effusion
Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.		09.9142
Tympanic Membrane Perforation
A temporary or persistent opening in the eardrum (TYMPANIC MEMBRANE). Clinical signs depend on the size, location, and associated pathological condition.		03.4311
Hypomelanosis
[description not available]		02.7530
Hypopigmentation
A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.		02.7530
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.0410
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		02.0410
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		02.730
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
[description not available]		02.0410
Graft vs Host Disease
The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.		02.0410
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		02.730
Blood Loss, Postoperative
[description not available]		03.8521
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		03.4311
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		03.4311
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.4320
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.4320
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		02.4320
Tuberculosis, Miliary
An acute form of TUBERCULOSIS in which minute tubercles are formed in a number of organs of the body due to dissemination of the bacilli through the blood stream.		02.0410
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		06.0761
Facial Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the FACE.		02.0510
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		02.0510
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating
[description not available]		02.4220
Metastase
[description not available]		09.35156
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		09.35156
Friedreich Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Friedreich Ataxia
An autosomal recessive disease, usually of childhood onset, characterized pathologically by degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, posterior columns, and to a lesser extent the corticospinal tracts. Clinical manifestations include GAIT ATAXIA, pes cavus, speech impairment, lateral curvature of spine, rhythmic head tremor, kyphoscoliosis, congestive heart failure (secondary to a cardiomyopathy), and lower extremity weakness. Most forms of this condition are associated with a mutation in a gene on chromosome 9, at band q13, which codes for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1081; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75) The severity of Friedreich ataxia associated with expansion of GAA repeats in the first intron of the frataxin gene correlates with the number of trinucleotide repeats. (From Durr et al, N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 17;335(16):1169-75)		02.0510
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		02.4420
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		06.5954
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		06.5954
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		03.690
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		03.3520
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		02.0510
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		02.0510
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm
[description not available]		04.7521
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).		04.7521
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		02.4620
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		07.0510
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		02.0510
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		02.0510
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic
[description not available]		02.0510
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		04.8542
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		04.8542
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.		08.31159
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
[description not available]		03.3620
Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative
Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes.		03.3620
Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.4220
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		02.4220
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		04.1860
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		04.1860
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell
[description not available]		02.0510
Leukemia, T-Cell
A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.		02.0510
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		03.3620
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		02.4620
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		02.4620
Far East Scarlet-like Fever
[description not available]		02.0510
Itching
[description not available]		02.9740
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		02.9740
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome
[description not available]		02.9610
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).		02.9610
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		05.4350
Coronary Restenosis
Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.		017.762613
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		03.1550
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		03.1550
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		07.7430
Eyelid Diseases
Diseases involving the EYELIDS.		02.0510
Lip Diseases
Diseases involving the LIP.		02.0510
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		02.4620
Cutaneous Mastocytosis
[description not available]		03.4411
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		03.8140
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		02.0510
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		03.8140
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		02.0510
Osteolysis
Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.		03.3520
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0510
Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus
[description not available]		04.341
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent
A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth.		04.341
Emesis
[description not available]		07.8386
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		06.5854
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		07.8386
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia
[description not available]		08.51144
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.		08.51144
Azoospermia
A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN).		02.0510
Adhesions, Tissue
[description not available]		03.6730
Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary
[description not available]		02.9710
Brain Stem Neoplasms
Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.		02.9710
Lymphoma, Primary Effusion
A rare neoplasm of large B-cells usually presenting as serious effusions without detectable tumor masses. The most common sites of involvement are the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. It is associated with HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8, most often occurring in the setting of immunodeficiency.		02.0510
Leukoma
[description not available]		03.3820
Corneal Opacity
Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.		03.3820
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		06.24131
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		06.24131
Deficiency, IgA
[description not available]		02.0510
Corneal Angiogenesis
[description not available]		02.9810
Eye Burns
Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.		02.9810
Corneal Neovascularization
New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent CORNEAL STROMA. Neovascularization in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of the ocular anterior segment, such as TRACHOMA, viral interstitial KERATITIS, microbial KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, and the immune response elicited by CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION.		02.9810
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		02.420
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		02.420
Barrett Epithelium
[description not available]		02.0510
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		02.0510
Barrett Esophagus
A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.		02.0510
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		02.0510
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		09.92152
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		07.5694
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		07.5694
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		02.0610
Choriocarcinoma
A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).		02.0610
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		02.0610
Injuries, Tendon
[description not available]		03.3820
Lacerations
Torn, ragged, mangled wounds.		02.0610
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		03.8421
Cryptosporidium Infection
[description not available]		03.4511
Cryptosporidiosis
Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.		03.4511
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		03.8421
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		02.0610
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		03.630
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		03.630
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		06.3451
Diseases in Twins
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.		02.0610
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		05.4351
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		05.4351
Rodent Diseases
Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).		02.0610
Alcohol Problem
[description not available]		02.0610
Alcohol-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of alcohol.		02.0610
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.9810
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		02.9810
Acetonemia
[description not available]		02.0710
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		02.4620
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		02.4620
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		02.0710
Kaposi Disease
[description not available]		02.0710
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
A rare, pigmentary, and atrophic autosomal recessive disease. It is manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA.		02.0710
Besnoitiasis
[description not available]		02.4320
Mast Cell Activation Disease
[description not available]		0310
Maculopapular Cutaneous Mastocytosis
[description not available]		0310
Mastocytosis
A rare neoplastic disorder characterized by a clonal proliferation of MAST CELLS, associated with KIT-D816 mutations, and accompanied by aberrant mast cell activation. The abnormal increase of MAST CELLS may occur in only the skin (MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS), in extracutaneous tissues involving multiple organs (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC), or in solid tumors (MASTOCYTOMA).		0310
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		02.4620
Neoplasms, Bronchial
[description not available]		02.0710
Bronchial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.		02.0710
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.		02.0710
Insect Bites
[description not available]		02.0710
Insect Bites and Stings
Bites and stings inflicted by insects.		02.0710
Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
[description not available]		02.0710
Cancer of Spleen
[description not available]		02.0710
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone
Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.		02.0710
Giardia duodenalis Infection
[description not available]		02.0710
Giardiasis
An infection of the SMALL INTESTINE caused by the flagellated protozoan GIARDIA. It is spread via contaminated food and water and by direct person-to-person contact.		02.0710
Post-Natal Depression
[description not available]		02.0710
Depression, Postpartum
Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)		02.0710
Hives
[description not available]		03.4711
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		03.4711
Swine Erysipelas
An acute and chronic contagious disease of young pigs caused by Erysipelothrix insidiosa.		07.0710
Erysipelothrix Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus ERYSIPELOTHRIX.		02.0710
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency
[description not available]		02.0810
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		02.0810
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.		02.0810
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		012.042410
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		012.042410
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0710
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular
An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0710
Cerebral Cryptococcosis
[description not available]		02.0810
Meningitis, Cryptococcal
Meningeal inflammation produced by CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS, an encapsulated yeast that tends to infect individuals with ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and other immunocompromised states. The organism enters the body through the respiratory tract, but symptomatic infections are usually limited to the lungs and nervous system. The organism may also produce parenchymal brain lesions (torulomas). Clinically, the course is subacute and may feature HEADACHE; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; focal neurologic deficits; SEIZURES; cranial neuropathies; and HYDROCEPHALUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp721-2)		02.0810
Blood Loss, Surgical
Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.		05.2643
Mediastinitis
Inflammation of the mediastinum, the area between the pleural sacs.		02.0810
Black Death
[description not available]		02.0810
Plague
An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.		02.0810
Urogenital Prolapse
[description not available]		02.0810
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Abnormal descent of a pelvic organ resulting in the protrusion of the organ beyond its normal anatomical confines. Symptoms often include vaginal discomfort, DYSPAREUNIA; URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE; and FECAL INCONTINENCE.		02.0810
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		02.0810
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		02.0810
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
[description not available]		02.0810
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.		02.0810
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor
[description not available]		02.4120
Liposarcoma
A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4120
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		08.8142
Infections, Serratia
[description not available]		02.0110
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (		02.0110
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		04.0931
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		04.0931
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.0110
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.0110
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		09.69193
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		09.69193
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.		02.9310
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		02.4220
Chromosomal Translocation
[description not available]		02.0110
Sarcoma 180
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		01.9310
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		02.8640
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		02.8640
Infections, Meningococcal
[description not available]		02.0110
Meningococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.		02.0110
Autosomal Dominant Striatonigral Degeneration
[description not available]		02.0210
Machado-Joseph Disease
A dominantly-inherited ATAXIA first described in people of Azorean and Portuguese descent, and subsequently identified in Brazil, Japan, China, and Australia. This disorder is classified as one of the SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIAS (Type 3) and has been associated with a mutation of the MJD1 gene on chromosome 14. Clinical features include progressive ataxia, DYSARTHRIA, postural instability, nystagmus, eyelid retraction, and facial FASCICULATIONS. DYSTONIA is prominent in younger patients (referred to as Type I Machado-Joseph Disease). Type II features ataxia and ocular signs; Type III features MUSCULAR ATROPHY and a sensorimotor neuropathy; and Type IV features extrapyramidal signs combined with a sensorimotor neuropathy. (From Clin Neurosci 1995;3(1):17-22; Ann Neurol 1998 Mar;43(3):288-96)		02.0210
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		02.420
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		02.420
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.730
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		02.730
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic
[description not available]		03.411
Capillary Leak Syndrome
A condition characterized by recurring episodes of fluid leaking from capillaries into extra-vascular compartments causing hematocrit to rise precipitously. If not treated, generalized vascular leak can lead to generalized EDEMA; SHOCK; cardiovascular collapse; and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE.		03.411
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever		03.411
Hypogammaglobulinemia
[description not available]		02.0210
Agammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by an extremely low level of generally all classes of gamma-globulin in the blood.		02.0210
Esophageal Stricture
[description not available]		07.420
Esophageal Stenosis
A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.		02.420
Elaeophoriasis
[description not available]		05.31130
Filariasis
Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.		010.31130
Cephalgia, Vascular
[description not available]		02.9310
Adenoma, beta-Cell
[description not available]		02.4120
Insulinoma
A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.		07.4120
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		03.411
Leiomyosarcoma
A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)		03.411
Infant, Premature, Diseases
Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.		09.271410
Great Pox
[description not available]		02.0210
Syphilis
A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.		07.0210
Parasitic Diseases, Animal
Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.		02.0210
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		02.0210
Cancer of the Vulva
[description not available]		02.0210
Vulvar Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.		02.0210
Joint Pain
[description not available]		04.3211
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease
[description not available]		04.3211
Chondrocalcinosis
Presence of CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE in the connective tissues such as the cartilaginous structures of joints. When accompanied by GOUT-like symptoms, it is referred to as pseudogout.		04.3211
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		04.3211
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		02.0310
Clerambault Syndrome
[description not available]		03.4111
Cystic Echinococcosis
[description not available]		02.0210
African Sleeping Sickness
[description not available]		03.8240
Trypanosomiasis, African
A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.		03.8240
alpha-Galactosidase A Deficiency
[description not available]		02.0310
Fabry Disease
An X-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE A. It is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders.		02.0310
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		03.7720
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		03.7720
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		05.6521
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		03.8610
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		04.7420
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		03.8610
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		05.6521
Complications, Parasitic Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.9410
Verruca
[description not available]		02.0310
Warts
Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.		02.0310
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		02.0310
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		02.0310
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.6830
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		02.6830
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.		04.3522
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		02.0310
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		02.0310
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		02.0310
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment
[description not available]		02.4420
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).		02.4420
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		02.3920
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		02.3920
Deficiency, Folic Acid
[description not available]		02.6730
Folic Acid Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of FOLIC ACID in the diet. Many plant and animal tissues contain folic acid, abundant in green leafy vegetables, yeast, liver, and mushrooms but destroyed by long-term cooking. Alcohol interferes with its intermediate metabolism and absorption. Folic acid deficiency may develop in long-term anticonvulsant therapy or with use of oral contraceptives. This deficiency causes anemia, macrocytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. It is indistinguishable from vitamin B 12 deficiency in peripheral blood and bone marrow findings, but the neurologic lesions seen in B 12 deficiency do not occur. (Merck Manual, 16th ed)		02.6730
Gonadal Disorders
Pathological processes of the OVARIES or the TESTES.		02.0310
Mouth Ulcer
[description not available]		02.9510
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		02.9510
Oral Ulcer
A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)		02.9510
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		02.9510
Leukocytosis
A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.		05.0352
Thrombocythemia
[description not available]		04.8642
Infectious Endophthalmitis
Infectious condition of the internal eye.		02.0310
Endophthalmitis
Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.		02.0310
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		02.0310
Infections, Pasteurella
[description not available]		02.0310
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.0310
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.0310
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis
[description not available]		02.0310
Hepatolenticular Degeneration
A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.		02.0310
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		03.630
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		03.630
Keratitis, Ulcerative
[description not available]		03.4311
Corneal Ulcer
Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.		03.4311
Endotoxemia
A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.		07.0410
Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.0410
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)		02.0410
Bacterial Pneumonia
[description not available]		03.8121
Pneumonia, Bacterial
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.		03.8121
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.9240
ATLL
[description not available]		02.0410
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell
Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.		02.0410
Atopic Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		03.2820
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		02.6630
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		04.04150
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		09.04150
Hypersensitivity, Type III
[description not available]		01.9610
B Virus Infection
[description not available]		01.9610
Cell Transformation, Viral
An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.		03.0650
Mast-Cell Sarcoma
A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.		02.3620
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		04.8242
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		04.8242
Toxocariasis
Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.		01.9610
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		02.3620
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		01.9610
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		01.9610
Lipidoses
Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.		01.9610
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		02.3820
Hyperlipoproteinemia
[description not available]		01.9610
Hyperlipoproteinemias
Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.		01.9610
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		01.9610
Onchocerciasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.		01.9810
Uveitis, Anterior
Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.		01.9810
Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms
[description not available]		01.9810
Angioblastic Meningioma
[description not available]		02.3920
Meningioma
A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)		02.3920
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.6730
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		02.6730
Cadmium Poisoning
Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.		01.9810
Near Drowning
Non-fatal immersion or submersion in water. The subject is resuscitable.		03.7721
Retrolental Fibroplasia
[description not available]		07.211110
Retinopathy of Prematurity
A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		07.211110
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		06.9299
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		01.9810
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		02.420
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		01.9810
Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
[description not available]		03.3711
Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.		03.3711
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		01.9810
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		01.9810
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		03.7821
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		02.6730
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		03.7821
Aspiration, Meconium
[description not available]		01.9810
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
A condition caused by inhalation of MECONIUM into the LUNG of FETUS or NEWBORN, usually due to vigorous respiratory movements during difficult PARTURITION or respiratory system abnormalities. Meconium aspirate may block small airways leading to difficulties in PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE and ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA.		01.9810
Hyaline Membrane Disease
A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS).		06.84155
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		06.0165
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		06.0165
Human Trichinellosis
[description not available]		04.6100
Trichinellosis
An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.		04.6100
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		01.9810
Inhalation Injury, Smoke
[description not available]		01.9810
Autoimmune Thyroiditis
[description not available]		01.9810
B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.7721
Lymphoma, B-Cell
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.		03.7721
Dipetalonema Infections
Infections with nematodes of the genus DIPETALONEMA.		02.8940
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
[description not available]		01.9810
Viral Diseases
[description not available]		01.9810
Herpes Simplex
A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		01.9810
Virus Diseases
A general term for diseases caused by viruses.		01.9810
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		02.6830
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		07.6830
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		03.3711
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		03.3711
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		01.9810
Sphingolipid Storage Diseases
[description not available]		02.910
Adipocere
[description not available]		03.2920
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		01.9910
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9910
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		01.9910
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous
[description not available]		03.3711
Centriacinar Emphysema
[description not available]		03.7721
Pneumothorax
An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.		03.3711
Diseases of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		01.9910
Hyperoxia
An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.		01.9910
Angiostrongylus Infections
[description not available]		02.420
Hymenolepiasis
Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.		01.9910
Deficiency, IgG
[description not available]		02.3820
Aqueductal Stenosis
[description not available]		03.7721
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		04.2841
Community Acquired Infection
[description not available]		01.9910
Dysgammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.		02.3820
Attachment Loss, Periodontal
[description not available]		01.9910
Aggressive Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of PERIODONTIUM that is characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction in the presence of little local factors such as DENTAL PLAQUE and DENTAL CALCULUS. This highly destructive form of periodontitis often occurs in young people and was called early-onset periodontitis, but this disease also appears in old people.		01.9910
Eperythrozoonosis
[description not available]		02.6930
Diathesis
[description not available]		01.9910
Wounds, Penetrating
Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.		01.9910
Carcinoma, Embryonal
A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595)		01.9910
Beuren Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9910
Gingivitis
Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.		01.9910
Pocket, Periodontal
[description not available]		0210
Periodontal Pocket
An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.		0210
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		0210
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus
[description not available]		0210
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.		0210
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		02.6830
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		02.6830
Parodontosis
[description not available]		0210
Periodontal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.		0710
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		0210
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		0210
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		0210
Breast Cancer, Male
[description not available]		04.311
Breast Neoplasms, Male
Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females.		04.311
Pemphigus Foliaceus
[description not available]		0210
Pemphigus
Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.		0210
Food Poisoning, Salmonella
[description not available]		0210
Salmonella Food Poisoning
Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.		0210
Classic Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy
[description not available]		0210
Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell
An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of GALACTOSYLCERAMIDASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of galactolipids such as GALACTOSYLCERAMIDES and PSYCHOSINE. It is characterized by demyelination associated with large multinucleated globoid cells, predominantly involving the white matter of the central nervous system. The loss of MYELIN disrupts normal conduction of nerve impulses.		0210
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		0210
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		0210
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		03.3911
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		03.3911
A-alphalipoprotein Neuropathy
[description not available]		0210
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		0210
Entamoeba histolytica Infection
[description not available]		0210
Astrocytosis
[description not available]		0210
Hypophosphatasia
A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin D-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, constipation, renal calcinosis, failure to thrive, disorders of movement, beading of the costochondral junction, and rachitic bone changes. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		0210
Atypical Lipoma
[description not available]		0210
Lipoma
A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.		0210
Coronary Thrombosis
Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.0110
Bunostomiasis
[description not available]		01.9510
Hookworm Infections
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.		01.9510
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		02.3720
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		02.3720
Poisoning, Lead
[description not available]		01.9510
Lead Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.		01.9510
Inadequate Sleep
[description not available]		01.9510
Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome
[description not available]		01.9510
Alcoholic Intoxication
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.		01.9510
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		01.9510
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		01.9510
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		01.9510
Hypospermatogenesis
[description not available]		01.9510
Indigestion
[description not available]		03.3311
Dyspepsia
Impaired digestion, especially after eating.		03.3311
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.		02.6430
Deficiency, Vitamin B
[description not available]		01.9510
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12
[description not available]		01.9510
Vitamin B Deficiency
A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.		01.9510
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)		01.9510
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		01.9810
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		01.9810
Cyst
[description not available]		03.3611
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		01.9810
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		01.9810
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine.		01.9810
Apnea
A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		01.9810
Abdominal Epilepsy
[description not available]		01.9710
Convulsions, Grand Mal
[description not available]		01.9710
Epilepsies, Partial
Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)		01.9710
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)		01.9710
Trichocephaliasis
[description not available]		01.9710
Trichuriasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.		01.9710
Fasciola Infection
[description not available]		01.9710
Fascioliasis
Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.		01.9710
Hemorrhagic Diathesis
[description not available]		03.3611
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).		03.3611
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		01.9710
Bertielliasis
[description not available]		01.9710
Amnionitis
[description not available]		01.9710
Endomyometritis
Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.		01.9710
Infection, Puerperal
[description not available]		01.9710
Salpingitis
Inflammation of the uterine salpinx, the trumpet-shaped FALLOPIAN TUBES, usually caused by ascending infections of organisms from the lower reproductive tract. Salpingitis can lead to tubal scarring, hydrosalpinx, tubal occlusion, INFERTILITY, and ectopic pregnancy (PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC)		01.9710
Chorioamnionitis
INFLAMMATION of the placental membranes (CHORION; AMNION) and connected tissues such as fetal BLOOD VESSELS and UMBILICAL CORD. It is often associated with intrauterine ascending infections during PREGNANCY.		01.9710
Endometritis
Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.		01.9710
Bancroftian Elephantiasis
[description not available]		03.4780
Elephantiasis, Filarial
Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.		03.4780
Bronchial Pneumonia
[description not available]		01.9710
Eosinophilia, Pulmonary
[description not available]		01.9710
Pulmonary Eosinophilia
A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.		01.9710
Dermatophytoses
[description not available]		01.9710
Tinea
Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.		01.9710
Hyperventilation
A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.		01.9710
Gallstone Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Cholelithiasis
Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).		01.9710
Infections, Reoviridae
[description not available]		01.9710
BLV Infections
[description not available]		01.9710
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		01.9610
Ear Infection
[description not available]		01.9710
Aldrich Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3720
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
A rare, X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by ECZEMA; LYMPHOPENIA; and, recurrent pyogenic infection. It is seen exclusively in young boys. Typically, IMMUNOGLOBULIN M levels are low and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN E levels are elevated. Lymphoreticular malignancies are common.		02.3720
Fat Necrosis
A condition in which the death of adipose tissue results in neutral fats being split into fatty acids and glycerol.		01.9610
HbS Disease
[description not available]		01.9610
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		01.9610
Carcinoma, Krebs 2
A transplantable neoplasm of mice.		01.9610