An excitatory amino acid transporter 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P43005]
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|
| endoplasmic reticulum | cellular component | The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). [ISBN:0198506732] |
| plasma membrane | cellular component | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. [ISBN:0716731363] |
| cell surface | cellular component | The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu, GOC:sm] |
| membrane | cellular component | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it and attached to it. [GOC:dos, GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194] |
| apical plasma membrane | cellular component | The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell. [GOC:curators] |
| axon | cellular component | The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. [GOC:nln, ISBN:0198506732] |
| dendrite | cellular component | A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, morphology. Dendrites receive and integrate signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conduct nerve impulses towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, GOC:dos, GOC:mah, GOC:nln, ISBN:0198506732] |
| early endosome membrane | cellular component | The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome. [GOC:pz] |
| late endosome membrane | cellular component | The lipid bilayer surrounding a late endosome. [GOC:pz] |
| asymmetric synapse | cellular component | A type of synapse occurring between an axon and a dendritic spine or dendritic shaft. Asymmetric synapses, the most abundant synapse type in the central nervous system, involve axons that contain predominantly spherical vesicles and contain a thickened postsynaptic density. Most or all synapses of this type are excitatory. [GOC:dgh, GOC:ef] |
| neuronal cell body | cellular component | The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. [GOC:go_curators] |
| synaptic cleft | cellular component | The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released. [GOC:jl, http://synapses.mcg.edu/anatomy/chemical/synapse.stm] |
| dendritic spine | cellular component | A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment, typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable:they can be thin, stubby, mushroom, or branched, with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity. [GOC:nln] |
| dendritic shaft | cellular component | Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines. [GOC:nln] |
| perikaryon | cellular component | The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus. [GOC:jl] |
| axon terminus | cellular component | Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl] |
| membrane raft | cellular component | Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. [PMID:16645198, PMID:20044567] |
| recycling endosome membrane | cellular component | The lipid bilayer surrounding a recycling endosome. [GOC:jid, GOC:rph, PMID:10930469, PMID:15601896, PMID:16246101] |
| extracellular exosome | cellular component | A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:vesicles, PMID:15908444, PMID:17641064, PMID:19442504, PMID:19498381, PMID:22418571, PMID:24009894] |
| cell periphery | cellular component | The broad region around and including the plasma membrane of a cell, encompassing the cell cortex (inside the cell), the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. [GOC:pdt] |
| glial cell projection | cellular component | A prolongation or process extending from a glial cell. [GOC:mc] |
| apical dendrite | cellular component | A dendrite that emerges near the apical pole of a neuron. In bipolar neurons, apical dendrites are located on the opposite side of the soma from the axon. [NIF_Subcellular:sao273773228] |
| Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse | cellular component | A synapse between the Schaffer collateral axon of a CA3 pyramidal cell and a CA1 pyramidal cell. [PMID:16399689] |
| presynapse | cellular component | The part of a synapse that is part of the presynaptic cell. [GOC:dos] |
| perisynaptic space | cellular component | The extracellular region immediately adjacent to to a synapse. [GOC:dos] |
| distal dendrite | cellular component | The dendrite of the dendritic tree that is farthest away from the neuronal cell body (the soma). [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:20629984] |
| proximal dendrite | cellular component | The dendrite of the dendritic tree that is closest to the neuronal cell body (the soma). [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:16899232] |
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|
| behavioral fear response | biological process | An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat. [GOC:dph, PMID:9920659] |
| regulation of protein phosphorylation | biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein. [GOC:hjd] |
| response to amphetamine | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine. [GOC:dph, GOC:ef] |
| glutathione biosynthetic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins. [GOC:ai, GOC:al, GOC:pde, ISBN:0198506732] |
| superoxide metabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species. [GOC:jl] |
| monoatomic ion transport | biological process | The directed movement of a monoatomic ion into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Monatomic ions (also called simple ions) are ions consisting of exactly one atom. [GOC:ai] |
| neurotransmitter transport | biological process | The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell. [GOC:ai] |
| intracellular zinc ion homeostasis | biological process | A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of zinc ions within a cell. [GOC:ai, GOC:mah] |
| dopamine receptor signaling pathway | biological process | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. [GOC:mah, PMID:21711983] |
| glutamate receptor signaling pathway | biological process | The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of glutamate to its receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:9131252] |
| chemical synaptic transmission | biological process | The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. [GOC:jl, MeSH:D009435] |
| brain development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). [GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:tb, UBERON:0000955] |
| memory | biological process | The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). [GOC:curators, ISBN:0582227089] |
| grooming behavior | biological process | The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites. [GOC:jl, GOC:pr] |
| locomotory behavior | biological process | The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. [GOC:dph] |
| response to xenobiotic stimulus | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:jl, GOC:krc] |
| positive regulation of heart rate | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heart contraction. [GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
| gene expression | biological process | The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. [GOC:txnOH-2018, PMID:25934543, PMID:31580950] |
| retina layer formation | biological process | The process in which the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia. [GOC:ascb_2009, GOC:dph, GOC:tb, PMID:1270266] |
| L-glutamate transmembrane transport | biological process | The directed movement of L-glutamate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or a pore. [PMID:21307582] |
| cytokine-mediated signaling pathway | biological process | The series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with the regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. [GOC:mah, GOC:signaling, PMID:19295629] |
| neurogenesis | biological process | Generation of cells within the nervous system. [GO_REF:0000021, GOC:cls, GOC:curators, GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid] |
| adult behavior | biological process | Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0877797099] |
| cellular response to oxidative stress | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. [GOC:mah] |
| response to decreased oxygen levels | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen. [GOC:al] |
| dopamine metabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] |
| cysteine transport | biological process | The directed movement of cysteine into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732] |
| response to morphine | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure. [GOC:ef, GOC:jl] |
| negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:mtg_apoptosis] |
| response to axon injury | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph, GOC:jid, GOC:lm] |
| synapse organization | biological process | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). [GOC:ai, GOC:pr] |
| L-glutamate import | biological process | The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L-enantiomer of the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into a cell or organelle. [GOC:ai, GOC:jsg, GOC:mah] |
| righting reflex | biological process | A reflex process in which an animal immediately tries to turn over after being placed in a supine position. [GOC:dph, PMID:8635460] |
| heart contraction | biological process | The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. [GOC:dph] |
| long-term synaptic potentiation | biological process | A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the increase in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse. [GOC:dgh, GOC:dph] |
| motor behavior | biological process | The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli. [GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, PMID:25318560] |
| transepithelial transport | biological process | The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other. [GOC:mah, GOC:yaf, ISBN:0716731363] |
| D-aspartate transmembrane transport | biological process | The process in which D-aspartate, the D-enantiomer of the anion of (2R)-2-aminobutanedioic acid is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:mah, GOC:rph] |
| L-aspartate transmembrane transport | biological process | The directed movement of L-aspartate across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or a pore. [PMID:21307582] |
| D-aspartate import across plasma membrane | biological process | The directed import of D-aspartate from the extracellular region across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. [PMID:7914198] |
| cellular response to ammonium ion | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23509267] |
| cellular response to mercury ion | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus. [GOC:mah] |
| cellular response to cocaine | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. [GOC:mah] |
| zinc ion transmembrane transport | biological process | A process in which a zinc II ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] |
| response to anesthetic | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an anesthetic stimulus. An anesthetic is a substance that causes loss of feeling, awareness, or sensation. [GOC:sart] |
| regulation of protein targeting to membrane | biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein. [GOC:tb] |
| intracellular glutamate homeostasis | biological process | A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of glutamate within a cell. [GOC:tb] |
| motor neuron apoptotic process | biological process | Any apoptotic process in a motor neuron, an efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement. [CL:0000100, GOC:BHF, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:14523086] |
| L-glutamate import across plasma membrane | biological process | The directed movement of L-glutamate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. [GOC:dos] |
| neurotransmitter receptor transport to plasma membrane | biological process | The directed movement of neurotransmitter receptor to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles. [GOC:dos] |
| postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission | biological process | Any process, acting in the postsynapse that results in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission. [GOC:dos] |
| L-aspartate import across plasma membrane | biological process | The directed movement of L-aspartate from outside of a cell, across the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. [GO_REF:0000069, PMID:7914198] |
| transport across blood-brain barrier | biological process | The directed movement of substances (e.g. macromolecules, small molecules, ions) through the blood-brain barrier. [GOC:aruk, GOC:bc, PMID:29377008] |
| chloride transmembrane transport | biological process | The process in which chloride is transported across a membrane. [GOC:TermGenie, GOC:vw] |
| cysteine transmembrane transport | biological process | The directed movement of cysteine across a membrane. [GO_REF:0000069, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:17435223] |
| cellular response to bisphenol A | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bisphenol A stimulus. [GO_REF:0000071, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:22957036] |
| conditioned place preference | biological process | The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug. [PMID:21549821] |