amodiaquine profile

Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	2165
CHEMBL ID	682
CHEBI ID	2674
SCHEMBL ID	44152
MeSH ID	M0001005

Synonym
AC-13295
bdbm50041457
o-cresol, 4-((7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino)-alpha-(diethylamino)-
amodiaquinum [inn-latin]
amodiaquina [inn-spanish]
brn 0300962
7-chloro-4-(3-diethylaminomethyl-4-hydroxyphenylamino)quinoline
4-((7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)amino)-2-((diethylamino)methyl)phenol
7-chloro-4-(3-diethylaminomethyl-4-hydroxyanilino)quinoline
einecs 201-669-3
4-((7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino)-alpha-(diethylamino)-o-cresol
amodiachin
phenol, 4-((7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)amino)-2-((diethylamino)methyl)-
amodiachinum
nsc 13453
amodiaquine (usp/inn)
D02922
flavoquine
camochin
amodiaquine, ring-closed
s. n. 10751
nsc13453
camoquinal
nsc-13453
miaquin
amodiaquin
sn 10,751
quinoline, 7-chloro-4-[[3-[(diethylamino)methyl]-4-hydroxyphenyl]amino]-
o-cresol, 4-[(7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino]-.alpha.-(diethylamino)-
cam-aq1
camoquin
phenol, 4-[(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)amino]-2-[(diethylamino)methyl]-
camoquine
cam-aqi
PRESTWICK3_000309
OPREA1_019229
PRESTWICK2_000309
BSPBIO_000278
BPBIO1_000306
4-[(7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino]-2-(diethylaminomethyl)phenol
wr-002977
4-[(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)amino]-2-[(diethylamino)methyl]phenol
86-42-0
C07626
amodiaquine
2AOU
DB00613
CQA ,
4-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]-2-[(diethylamino)methyl]phenol
SPBIO_002497
PRESTWICK1_000309
PRESTWICK0_000309
smr000718769
MLS001304065
CHEBI:2674 ,
amodiaquina
amodiaquinum
sj000110703
CHEMBL682 ,
gnf-pf-5648 ,
sunoquine
AKOS000538864
4-[(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]-2-(diethylaminomethyl)phenol
A841639
4-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)-2-((diethylamino)methyl)phenol
NCGC00244901-01
VU0472676-1
HMS2236K03
CCG-103317
amodiaquine usp24
unii-220236ed28
ccris 8486
hsdb 7457
amodiaquine [usp:inn:ban]
5-22-10-00283 (beilstein handbook reference)
220236ed28 ,
FT-0622359
amodiaquine [inn]
amodiaquine [hsdb]
amodiaquine [usp impurity]
amodiaquin [mi]
amodiaquinum [who-ip latin]
amodiaquine [vandf]
4-[(7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino]-alpha-(diethylamino)-o-cresol
amodiaquine [usp monograph]
amodiaquine [mart.]
amodiaquine [who-ip]
amodiaquine [who-dd]
EPITOPE ID:131784
S5948
HMS3372M02
SCHEMBL44152
quinoline, 7-chloro-4-((3-((diethylamino)methyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-
OVCDSSHSILBFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
4-[(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)amino]-.alpha.-(diethylamino)-o-cresol
4-((7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino)-.alpha.-(diethylamino)-o-cresol
o-cresol, 4-((7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino)-.alpha.-(diethylamino)-
NCGC00244901-04
W-104068
DTXSID2022597
amodiaquin (dihydrochloride dihydrate)
HY-B1322A
CS-0013340
amoquin
gtpl10018
alphaquine
amdaquine
FT-0662117
amodiaquine; flavoquine
4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-ylamino)-2-((diethylamino)methyl)phenol
Q239569
1021496-19-4
NCGC00017063-07
2-((bc20h12d10cln3ois(ethyl-d5)amino)methyl)-4-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)phenol
A936101
NCGC00017063-13
NCGC00017063-04
EN300-708791

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Amodiaquine is a 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial similar to chloroquine that is used extensively for the treatment and prevention of malaria. "	( The cardiovascular effects of amodiaquine and structurally related antimalarials: An individual patient data meta-analysis. Ashley, EA; Chan, XHS; Djimdé, A; Fanello, CI; Haeusler, IL; Hanafiah, M; Hanboonkunupakarn, B; Kiechel, JR; Lacerda, MV; Lee, SJ; Ogutu, B; Onyamboko, MA; Pike, J; Siqueira, AM; Taylor, WR; White, NJ; Win, YN, 2021)	2.35
"Amodiaquine is a 4-aminoquinoline used extensively for the treatment and prevention of malaria. "	( Cardiovascular concentration-effect relationships of amodiaquine and its metabolite desethylamodiaquine: Clinical and preclinical studies. Burton, RB; Capel, RA; Chan, XHS; Chotsiri, P; Cremer, MA; Hanafiah, M; Hanboonkunupakarn, B; Kiechel, JR; Lee, SJ; Ogutu, B; Pike, J; Tarning, J; Taylor, WRJ; White, NJ; Win, YN, 2023)	2.6
"Amodiaquine is a widely used antimalarial in the countries that experience outbreaks of EVD and, therefore, holds promise as an approved drug that could be repurposed for treating EBOV infections."	( In Vivo Activity of Amodiaquine against Ebola Virus Infection. DeWald, LE; Dowling, WE; Dyall, J; Eakin, AE; Gahagen, J; Gerhardt, DM; Green, CE; Hensley, LE; Holbrook, MR; Honko, AN; Huzella, L; Jahrling, PB; Janosko, K; Johnson, JC; Mirsalis, JC; Osborn, BL; Postnikova, E; Tang, L; Torzewski, LM, 2019)	1.56
"Amodiaquine is a partner drug in one of the ACTs and in some of the drugs used for intermittent preventive treatment."	( Treatment of COVID-19 with Chloroquine: Implication for Malaria Chemotherapy Using ACTs in Disease Endemic Countries. Duah-Quashie, NO; Quashie, NB, 2021)	1.34
"Amodiaquine is a central drug in the new global strategy of combination therapies for the control of malaria. "	( Amodiaquine pharmacogenetics. Gil, JP, 2008)	3.23
"Amodiaquine is an antimalarial drug that causes life-threatening agranulocytosis and hepatotoxicity in about 1 in 2000 patients, which is usually associated with an inflammatory response. "	( Amodiaquine-induced oxidative stress in a hepatocyte inflammation model. O'Brien, PJ; Tafazoli, S, 2009)	3.24
"Amodiaquine (AQ) is an antimalarial drug that was frequently combined with artesunate (AS) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum and is now available as a fixed-dose combination. "	( Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic considerations of amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine in Kenyan adults with uncomplicated malaria receiving artesunate-amodiaquine combination therapy. Carn, G; Jullien, V; Juma, E; Kiechel, JR; Obonyo, C; Ogutu, B, 2010)	2.04
"Amodiaquine (AQ) (2) is a 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial that can cause adverse side effects including agranulocytosis and liver damage. "	( Isoquine and related amodiaquine analogues: a new generation of improved 4-aminoquinoline antimalarials. Bickley, JF; Bray, PG; Hindley, S; Hughes, RH; Maggs, JL; Mukhtar, A; O'Neil, IA; O'Neill, PM; Park, BK; Randle, LE; Stocks, PA; Storr, RC; Ward, SA; Winstanley, PA, 2003)	2.08
"Amodiaquine (AQ) is an affordable compound, chemically related to chloroquine (CQ) but often effective against CQ resistant Plasmodium falciparum. "	( Improved efficacy with amodiaquine instead of chloroquine in sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine combination treatment of falciparum malaria in Uganda: experience with fixed-dose formulation. Aguttu, C; Anokbonggo, WW; Chiria, J; Gustafsson, LL; Hellgren, U; Obua, C; Ogwal-Okeng, JW, 2006)	2.09
"Amodiaquine is an amino-4-quinoline with the basic spectrum of activity of chloroquine. "	( Emergency liver transplantation in amodiaquine-induced fulminant hepatitis. Desmeules, J; Giostra, E; Hadengue, A; Markham, LN; Rebsamen, M; Rossier, M, 2007)	2.06
"Amodiaquine is a common partner drug in different malaria combination therapies used or investigated in sub-Saharan Africa, but data on its efficacy as a single drug are scarce."	( Efficacy of amodiaquine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in young children of rural north-western Burkina Faso. Coulibaly, B; Mandi, G; Meissner, P; Mockenhaupt, FP; Müller, O, 2008)	1.45
"Amodiaquine (AQ) (2) is a 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial which causes adverse side effects such as agranulocytosis and liver damage. "	( The effect of fluorine substitution on the metabolism and antimalarial activity of amodiaquine. Harrison, AC; Hawley, SR; O'Neill, PM; Park, BK; Storr, RC; Ward, SA, 1994)	1.96
"Amodiaquine is a 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial whose structure is similar to chloroquine. "	( Amodiaquine accumulation in Plasmodium falciparum as a possible explanation for its superior antimalarial activity over chloroquine. Bray, PG; Hawley, SR; Park, BK; Ward, SA, 1996)	3.18
"Amodiaquine is a pro-drug for the active antimalarial metabolite desethylamodiaquine."	( Pharmacokinetics of quinine, chloroquine and amodiaquine. Clinical implications. Krishna, S; White, NJ, 1996)	1.28
"Amodiaquine (AQ) is an antimalarial which is effective against chloroquino-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum but whose clinical use is severely restricted because of associated hepatotoxicity and agranulocytosis. "	( "One-pot" synthesis and antimalarial activity of formamidine derivatives of 4-anilinoquinoline. Dali Ali, F; Delarue, S; Girault, S; Grellier, P; Maes, L; Sergheraert, C, 2001)	1.75
"Amodiaquine-artesunate is a potential combination for use in Africa."	( Amodiaquine-artesunate versus amodiaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African children: a randomised, multicentre trial. Adjuik, M; Agnamey, P; Babiker, A; Borrmann, S; Brasseur, P; Cisse, M; Cobelens, F; Diallo, S; Faucher, JF; Garner, P; Gikunda, S; Kremsner, PG; Krishna, S; Lell, B; Loolpapit, M; Matsiegui, PB; Missinou, MA; Mwanza, J; Ntoumi, F; Olliaro, P; Osimbo, P; Rezbach, P; Some, E; Taylor, WR, 2002)	2.48
"1 Amodiaquine was found to be a potent inhibitor in vitro of gastric histamine methyltransferase from human and canine corpus and from pig antrum. "	( Effect of amodiaquine on gastric histamine methyltransferase and on histamine-stimulated gastric secretion. Barth, H; Lorenz, W; Troidl, H, 1975)	1.38
"Amodiaquine is an antimalarial drug that has been associated with adverse reactions which may be immune mediated. "	( Immunogenicity of amodiaquine in the rat. Clarke, JB; Kitteringham, NR; Maggs, JL; Park, BK, 1990)	2.06

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Amodiaquine (AQ) has been reported to cause severe idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) in humans. "	( Immunization with amodiaquine-modified hepatic proteins prevents amodiaquine-induced liver injury. Mak, A; Uetrecht, J, 2015)	2.19
"Amodiaquine has been widely used to treat malaria. "	( Amodiaquine for treating malaria. Mussano, P; Olliaro, P, 2003)	3.2
"Amodiaquine use has increased in the region."	( Occurrence of the Southeast Asian/South American SVMNT haplotype of the chloroquine-resistance transporter gene in Plasmodium falciparum in Tanzania. Alifrangis, M; Bygbjerg, IC; Dalgaard, MB; Enevold, A; Jensen, AT; Khalil, IF; Lemnge, MM; Lusingu, JP; Rønn, AM; Staalsoe, T; Theander, TG; Vestergaard, LS; Warhurst, DC, 2006)	1.06
"Amodiaquine has the potential to cause drug-drug interactions and should be further investigated in malarial patients treated with drug combinations containing amodiaquine."	( Amodiaquine, its desethylated metabolite, or both, inhibit the metabolism of debrisoquine (CYP2D6) and losartan (CYP2C9) in vivo. Bertilsson, L; Gustafsson, LL; Mahindi, M; Nordmark, A; Pihlsgård, M; Wennerholm, A, 2006)	2.5
"Amodiaquine has been widely used to treat malaria. "	( Amodiaquine for treating malaria. Mussano, P; Olliaro, P, 2000)	3.19
"Amodiaquine has several advantages over sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination and may be considered to be an effective drug in an endemic zone with a moderate level of chloroquine resistance."	( Chemoresistance of Plasmodium falciparum in the urban region of Yaounde, Cameroon. Part 2: Evaluation of the efficacy of amodiaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Yaounde, Came Basco, LK; Keundjian, A; Ringwald, P; Same Ekobo, A, 2000)	1.24
"Oral amodiaquine (AQ) has been used to treat patients with symptomatic malaria in Zambia (n = 14) and Nigeria (n = 5)."	( The disposition of amodiaquine in Zambians and Nigerians with malaria. Breckenridge, AM; Edwards, G; Kofi-Ekue, JM; Orme, ML; Salako, LA; Simooya, O; Walker, O; Winstanley, PA, 1990)	1.06

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Amodiaquine can cause bradycardia, hypotension, and electrocardiograph QT interval prolongation, but the relationship of these changes to drug concentrations is not well characterized."	( Cardiovascular concentration-effect relationships of amodiaquine and its metabolite desethylamodiaquine: Clinical and preclinical studies. Burton, RB; Capel, RA; Chan, XHS; Chotsiri, P; Cremer, MA; Hanafiah, M; Hanboonkunupakarn, B; Kiechel, JR; Lee, SJ; Ogutu, B; Pike, J; Tarning, J; Taylor, WRJ; White, NJ; Win, YN, 2023)	1.88

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Amodiaquine (AQ) treatment is associated with a high incidence of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) and agranulocytosis. "	( Development of a novel mouse model of amodiaquine-induced liver injury with a delayed onset. Cai, P; Dervovic, D; Liu, F; Lobach, A; Metushi, IG; Nakagawa, T; Uetrecht, J, )	1.85
"Amodiaquine treatment reduced the risk of recurrent infections from 22.2% to 7.4% at day 35."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine in women with Plasmodium vivax malaria during and after pregnancy. Bergstrand, M; Cammas, M; Chotsiri, P; Day, NP; Jullien, V; Lindegardh, N; McGready, R; Nosten, F; Rijken, MJ; Singhasivanon, P; Tarning, J; White, NJ, 2012)	1.34
"Pretreatment with amodiaquine also improved the survival rate of the hepatitis mice, and this improvement was partially associated with the decrease in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)."	( Effect of amodiaquine, a histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor, on, Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in mice. Kanke, T; Mori, S; Nishibori, M; Takahashi, HK; Wake, H; Yokoyama, A, 2007)	1.07

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" After both 2 h and 16 h incubations CQ was the least toxic and AQQI the most toxic of the four compounds towards MNL."	( The toxicity of amodiaquine and its principal metabolites towards mononuclear leucocytes and granulocyte/monocyte colony forming units. Breckenridge, AM; Coleman, JW; Maggs, JL; Park, BK; Winstanley, PA, 1990)	0.63
" Safe and effective drugs, capable of being administered as a single-dose or short-course treatment, are urgently needed to control the adaptable malaria parasite."	( Falciparum malaria: the urgent need for safe and effective drugs. Rieckmann, KH, 1983)	0.27
" In particular, pyronaridine, which is currently being investigated in humans, was metabolized to a compound which was toxic to neutrophils."	( Metabolism-dependent neutrophil cytotoxicity of amodiaquine: A comparison with pyronaridine and related antimalarial drugs. Maggs, JL; Naisbitt, DJ; O'Neill, PM; Park, BK; Pirmohamed, M; Williams, DP; Willock, DJ, 1998)	0.56
" The pharmacokinetic data, however, showed that they are of similar profile, except in adverse features and contraindications, and values like their half-life (t1/2) where the long (t1/2) in drugs like sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine endows them with suppressive-cure feature, especially against recrudescent strains."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of chloroquine and alternative antimalarial drugs: a meta-analysis from six African countries. Makonnen, E; Mengesha, T, 1999)	0.3
" Pharmacokinetic profile demonstrates that all these drugs have similar therapeutic effects, but differ in their adverse reactions, contraindications, and half-life."	( Comparative efficacy and safety of chloroquine and alternative antimalarial drugs: a meta-analysis from six African countries. Makonnen, E; Mengesha, T, 1999)	0.3
" Only one publication mentioned adverse events, without details."	( Can amodiaquine be used safely during pregnancy? D'Alessandro, U; Erhart, A; Thomas, F, 2004)	0.88
" Adverse events and clinical and parasitological outcomes were recorded."	( A randomised trial to assess the safety and efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem) for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Rwanda. D'Alessandro, U; Fanello, CI; Karema, C; Ngamije, D; van Doren, W; Van Overmeir, C, 2007)	0.34
" Additionally, reports of adverse effects were solicited and monitored during follow-up visits."	( Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of amodiaquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine used alone or in combination for malaria treatment in pregnancy: a randomised trial. Browne, E; Bruce, J; Chandramohan, D; Greenwood, B; Randal, A; Tagbor, H, 2006)	0.6
" No serious liver toxic effects or white-blood-cell dyscrasias were noted."	( Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of amodiaquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine used alone or in combination for malaria treatment in pregnancy: a randomised trial. Browne, E; Bruce, J; Chandramohan, D; Greenwood, B; Randal, A; Tagbor, H, 2006)	0.6
" However, increasing Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine makes finding alternative antimalarials that are safe and effective in pregnancy a priority."	( The safety of amodiaquine use in pregnant women. Chandramohan, D; Greenwood, B; Tagbor, HK, 2007)	0.7
"9%) withdrew because of drug-related adverse events; seven had gastrointestinal complaints of whom two were hospitalized for vomiting."	( Efficacy and safety of artesunate plus amodiaquine in routine use for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Casamance, southern Sénégal. Agnamey, P; Brasseur, P; Gaye, O; Olliaro, PL; Taylor, WR; Vaillant, M, 2007)	0.61
" The safety was evaluated by incidence of adverse events."	( Randomized, comparative study of the efficacy and safety of artesunate plus amodiaquine, administered as a single daily intake versus two daily intakes in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Brasseur, P; Cisse, M; Diouf, AM; Faye, B; Gaye, O; Kuété, T; Lameyre, V; Ndiaye, JL; Same-Ekobo, A; Seck, PA, 2008)	0.58
" The main adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders (2."	( Randomized, comparative study of the efficacy and safety of artesunate plus amodiaquine, administered as a single daily intake versus two daily intakes in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Brasseur, P; Cisse, M; Diouf, AM; Faye, B; Gaye, O; Kuété, T; Lameyre, V; Ndiaye, JL; Same-Ekobo, A; Seck, PA, 2008)	0.58
" Secondary end-points were incidence of adverse events, mean haemoglobin concentration and prevalence of parasites carrying markers of resistance to SP."	( A trial of the efficacy, safety and impact on drug resistance of four drug regimens for seasonal intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in Senegalese children. Bâ, el H; Boulanger, D; Cissé, B; Gaye, O; Greenwood, B; Hallett, R; Lines, J; Milligan, P; Simondon, F; Simondon, K; Sokhna, C; Sutherland, C; Targett, G; Trape, JF, 2008)	0.35
" No drug-related serious adverse events and no deaths occurred."	( Safety and efficacy of methylene blue combined with artesunate or amodiaquine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a randomized controlled trial from Burkina Faso. Coulibaly, B; Klose, C; Kouyaté, B; Mansmann, U; Meissner, P; Mockenhaupt, FP; Müller, O; Schirmer, RH; Sié, A; Walter-Sack, I; Zoungrana, A, 2008)	0.58
" No significant adverse event attributable to any of the study drugs was found."	( Efficacy, safety, and selection of molecular markers of drug resistance by two ACTs in Mali. Dama, S; Dembele, D; Dicko, A; Djimdé, AA; Doumbo, OK; Fofana, B; Ouologuem, D; Sagara, I; Sidibe, B; Toure, S, 2008)	0.35
" Participants were actively monitored for adverse events for the first 14 days after each treatment, and then passively followed until their next study medication treatment, or withdrawal from study."	( Safety and tolerability of combination antimalarial therapies for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Ugandan children. Clark, TD; Dorsey, G; Jagannathan, P; Kamya, MR; Maiteki-Sebuguzi, C; Njama-Meya, D; Nzarubara, B; Rosenthal, PJ; Staedke, SG; Talisuna, AO; Yau, VM, 2008)	0.35
" The incidence of adverse events, such as pruritus, fatigue and neutropaenia were similar in the two treatment groups."	( Amodiaquine-artesunate vs artemether-lumefantrine for uncomplicated malaria in Ghanaian children: a randomized efficacy and safety trial with one year follow-up. Adjei, GO; Alifrangis, M; Badoe, EV; Goka, BQ; Hoegberg, LC; Kitcher, ED; Kurtzhals, JA; Lamptey, R; Rodrigues, OP, 2008)	1.79
"AS+AQ and AM-L were efficacious for treatment of children with uncomplicated malaria in Ghana and drug-related adverse events were rare in treated subjects during one year of follow-up."	( Amodiaquine-artesunate vs artemether-lumefantrine for uncomplicated malaria in Ghanaian children: a randomized efficacy and safety trial with one year follow-up. Adjei, GO; Alifrangis, M; Badoe, EV; Goka, BQ; Hoegberg, LC; Kitcher, ED; Kurtzhals, JA; Lamptey, R; Rodrigues, OP, 2008)	1.79
" Clinical adverse effects mostly mild and transient were noticed in 33."	( Biological and haematological safety profile of oral amodiaquine and chloroquine in healthy volunteers with or without Plasmodium falciparum infection in northeast Tanzania. Akida, JA; Bygbjerg, IC; Chile, MM; Kitua, AY; Lemnge, MM; Lusingu, JP; Makunde, R; Malebo, HM; Massaga, JJ; Rønn, AM; Theander, TG, 2008)	0.6
" Documented, common toxicity criteria (CTC) graded adverse events (AEs) defined safety."	( The efficacy and safety of a new fixed-dose combination of amodiaquine and artesunate in young African children with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum. Diarra, A; Gansané, A; Kiechel, JR; Konaté, AT; Morgan, CC; Olliaro, PL; Ouédraogo, A; Sirima, SB; Taylor, WR; Tiono, AB, 2009)	0.6
" During follow-up mild and moderate adverse events including gastrointestinal and/or nervous disorders were reported in 29."	( Randomized, multicentre assessment of the efficacy and safety of ASAQ--a fixed-dose artesunate-amodiaquine combination therapy in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Brasseur, P; Dara, N; Diallo, M; Dicko, Y; Djimde, A; Faye, B; Forlemu, D; Gaye, O; Lameyre, V; Moor, VA; Ndiaye, I; Ndiaye, JL; Randrianarivelojosia, M; Randrianasolo, L; Ratsimbasoa, A; Sagara, I; Same-Ekobo, A; Traore, A, 2009)	0.57
" The fixed-dose combination artesunate + amodiaquine (ASAQ) is safe and efficacious even in young children under 5 years of age."	( Randomized, multicentre assessment of the efficacy and safety of ASAQ--a fixed-dose artesunate-amodiaquine combination therapy in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Brasseur, P; Dara, N; Diallo, M; Dicko, Y; Djimde, A; Faye, B; Forlemu, D; Gaye, O; Lameyre, V; Moor, VA; Ndiaye, I; Ndiaye, JL; Randrianarivelojosia, M; Randrianasolo, L; Ratsimbasoa, A; Sagara, I; Same-Ekobo, A; Traore, A, 2009)	0.84
"The conventional markers of toxicity in serum, oxidative stress parameters in tissue homogenates, histology of liver and alterations in global transcriptomic expression were evaluated to study the toxic effects of AQ and SP in isolation and in combination."	( A study of toxicity and differential gene expression in murine liver following exposure to anti-malarial drugs: amodiaquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine. Mishra, SK; Rath, SK; Singh, P, 2011)	0.58
" Secondary outcomes included fever/parasite clearance, change in hemoglobin levels, and frequency of adverse events."	( Compliance, safety, and effectiveness of fixed-dose artesunate-amodiaquine for presumptive treatment of non-severe malaria in the context of home management of malaria in Madagascar. Jahevitra, M; Malvy, D; Ménard, D; Millet, P; Raherinjafy, R; Rakotomanga, Jde D; Rapelanoro, R; Ratsimbasoa, A; Ravony, H; Vonimpaisomihanta, JA, 2012)	0.62
" The occurrence and severity of events was collected before, during and after treatment up to 28 days in order to generate information on all adverse events (AEs) as well as treatment-emerging signs/symptoms (TESS)."	( Anti-malarial drug safety information obtained through routine monitoring in a rural district of South-Western Senegal. Brasseur, P; Olliaro, PL; Vaillant, MT, 2012)	0.38
"The main objectives of the CEM programme were to proactively determine the adverse event (AE) profile of artesunate/amodiaquine (AA) and artemether/lumefantrine (AL) in real-life settings and to find out the factors predisposing to AEs."	( Safety of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies in Nigeria: A Cohort Event Monitoring Study. Adesina, O; Bassi, PU; Coulter, D; Isah, A; Jalo, I; Kalat, M; Nwoasu, SC; Nyong, EE; Osakwe, AI; Osungwu, F; Pal, S; Suku, C; Ugochukwu, C; Wallberg, M; Wammanda, RD, 2013)	0.6
" Most adverse events occurred from day 1 and peaked by day 2 and 3 of medication with the mean duration of events being 3 days."	( Safety of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies in Nigeria: A Cohort Event Monitoring Study. Adesina, O; Bassi, PU; Coulter, D; Isah, A; Jalo, I; Kalat, M; Nwoasu, SC; Nyong, EE; Osakwe, AI; Osungwu, F; Pal, S; Suku, C; Ugochukwu, C; Wallberg, M; Wammanda, RD, 2013)	0.39
"In conclusion, this pilot CEM programme suggests that adverse events with ACTs were common."	( Safety of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies in Nigeria: A Cohort Event Monitoring Study. Adesina, O; Bassi, PU; Coulter, D; Isah, A; Jalo, I; Kalat, M; Nwoasu, SC; Nyong, EE; Osakwe, AI; Osungwu, F; Pal, S; Suku, C; Ugochukwu, C; Wallberg, M; Wammanda, RD, 2013)	0.39
" No serious adverse event was noted during the study period."	( Monitoring the efficacy and safety of three artemisinin based-combinations therapies in Senegal: results from two years surveillance. Abiola, A; Faye, B; Folly, K; Gaye, O; Lo, AC; Ndiaye, JL; Ndiaye, LA; Ndiaye, M; Sow, D; Sylla, K; Tine, RC, 2013)	0.39
"In the context of scaling up of ACTs in Senegal, ASAQ, AL and DHAPQ are highly effective and safe antimalarial drugs."	( Monitoring the efficacy and safety of three artemisinin based-combinations therapies in Senegal: results from two years surveillance. Abiola, A; Faye, B; Folly, K; Gaye, O; Lo, AC; Ndiaye, JL; Ndiaye, LA; Ndiaye, M; Sow, D; Sylla, K; Tine, RC, 2013)	0.39
" All the other adverse events reported were mild, and no significant difference was noted by treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of artemether + lumefantrine, artesunate + sulphamethoxypyrazine-pyrimethamine and artesunate + amodiaquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine + amodiaquine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Bangui, Central African Re Djallé, D; Laganier, R; Le Faou, A; Manirakiza, A; Njuimo, SP; Rogier, C, 2014)	0.61
"Methylene blue (MB) has been shown to be safe and effective against falciparum malaria in Africa and to have pronounced gametocytocidal properties."	( Efficacy and safety of triple combination therapy with artesunate-amodiaquine-methylene blue for falciparum malaria in children: a randomized controlled trial in Burkina Faso. Berens-Riha, N; Bountogo, M; Bousema, T; Breitkreutz, J; Coulibaly, B; Drakeley, C; Kieser, M; Klose, C; Meissner, PE; Mockenhaupt, FP; Müller, O; Nebié, E; Pritsch, M; Schirmer, RH; Sié, A; Sirima, SB; Wieser, A, 2015)	0.65
" Adverse events though common were similar between treatment arms and mostly related to the disease."	( Efficacy and safety of fixed-dose artesunate-amodiaquine vs. artemether-lumefantrine for repeated treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Ugandan children. Afizi, K; Fredrick, M; Kamya, MR; Lameyre, V; Lukwago, R; Talisuna, AO; Yeka, A, 2014)	0.66
" No statistical significant differences were observed in the occurrence of adverse events among treatment groups."	( Randomized non-inferiority and safety trial of dihydroartemisin-piperaquine and artesunate-amodiaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Cameroonian children. Ali, IM; Chedjou, JP; Ekollo, AM; Evehe, MS; Froeschl, G; Heumann, C; Mansmann, U; Mbacham, WF; Moyeh, MN; Ndikum, VN; Ngongang, EO; Nji, AM; Ogundahunsi, O, 2015)	0.64
" Follow-up visits were performed on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 to evaluate clinical and parasitological resolution of their malaria episode as well as adverse events."	( Effectiveness and safety of artemether-lumefantrine versus artesunate-amodiaquine for unsupervised treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in patients of all age groups in Nanoro, Burkina Faso: a randomized open label trial. Derra, K; Diallo-Nakanabo, S; Guiguemde, TR; Kazienga, A; Ouedraogo, JB; Owusu-Dabo, E; Sondo, P; Sorgho, H; Tarnagda, Z; Tinto, H; Valea, I; Zampa, O, 2015)	0.65
" The primary endpoint was the PCR-corrected adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) at day 28 (D28); the secondary endpoints included ACPR at D42, clearance times for parasites, fever, and gametocytes, and the incidence of adverse events."	( [Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of three 2-drug combinations for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Senegal: artesunate-amodiaquine, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, and artemether-lumefantrine]. Abiola, A; Ba, MS; Dieng, Y; Faye, B; Gaye, O; Lo, AC; Ndiaye, JL; Ndiaye, M; Pene, M; Seck, A; Sow, D; Sylla, K; Tine, RC, )	0.33
" The combinations were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported during the follow-up period."	( [Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of three 2-drug combinations for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Senegal: artesunate-amodiaquine, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, and artemether-lumefantrine]. Abiola, A; Ba, MS; Dieng, Y; Faye, B; Gaye, O; Lo, AC; Ndiaye, JL; Ndiaye, M; Pene, M; Seck, A; Sow, D; Sylla, K; Tine, RC, )	0.33
"A surveillance system was established to record all deaths and all malaria cases diagnosed at health facilities and a pharmacovigilance system was established to detect adverse drug reactions."	( Safety of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine plus Amodiaquine when Delivered to Children under 10 Years of Age by District Health Services in Senegal: Results from a Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial. Ba, EH; Cairns, M; Cissé, B; Fall, FB; Faye, B; Gaye, O; Gomis, JF; Greenwood, BM; Kouevijdin, E; Milligan, PJ; Molez, JF; NDiaye, JL; Ndour, CT; Niane, FK; Rogier, C; Sokhna, C; Trape, JF, 2016)	0.66
" No serious adverse events attributable to the intervention were detected, despite a high level of surveillance."	( Safety of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine plus Amodiaquine when Delivered to Children under 10 Years of Age by District Health Services in Senegal: Results from a Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial. Ba, EH; Cairns, M; Cissé, B; Fall, FB; Faye, B; Gaye, O; Gomis, JF; Greenwood, BM; Kouevijdin, E; Milligan, PJ; Molez, JF; NDiaye, JL; Ndour, CT; Niane, FK; Rogier, C; Sokhna, C; Trape, JF, 2016)	0.66
" Adverse events (AEs) were documented at the home visit or during any unexpected visit to the Health Centre or to the hospital and coded and adjudicated by a local pharmacovigilance committee."	( Safety of a fixed-dose combination of artesunate and amodiaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in real-life conditions of use in Côte d'Ivoire. Aba, YT; Assi, SB; Bissagnéné, E; Duparc, S; Lameyre, V; Nguessan, AF; San, KM; Tanoh, MA; Tchiekoi, NB; Yavo, JC, 2017)	0.7
" For quinine, clindamycin, and mefloquine and the combinations of sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine and artemether+lumefantrine, there are reports (including studies without internal comparison groups) that combined describe 304 to >1100 exposures of women in the first trimester for each drug with no conclusive evidence of adverse effects on pregnancy at therapeutic doses."	( Animal Embryotoxicity Studies of Key Non-Artemisinin Antimalarials and Use in Women in the First Trimester. Clark, RL, 2017)	0.46
" After exclusion of blue urine, adverse events were similar across all groups (59 [74%] of 80 participants had 162 adverse events overall, 145 [90%] of which were mild)."	( Efficacy and safety of primaquine and methylene blue for prevention of Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Mali: a phase 2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Bousema, T; Bradley, J; Brown, JM; Chen, I; Diarra, K; Diawara, H; Dicko, A; Drakeley, C; Gosling, R; Hwang, J; Issiaka, D; Keita, S; Kone, DT; Lanke, K; Mahamar, A; McCulloch, C; Müller, O; Roh, ME; Sanogo, K; Soumare, HM; Srinivasan, V; Stone, WJR; Traore, SF, 2018)	0.48
" Adverse events ranged from mild to moderate severity but were not directly attributed to drug intake."	( Monitoring the Efficacy and Safety of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies: A Review and Network Meta-analysis of Antimalarial Therapeutic Efficacy Trials in Cameroon. Basco, LK; Chiabi, A; Whegang Youdom, S, 2019)	0.51
"ACTs are still effective and safe in Cameroon; however, there are insufficient data on their efficacy, safety and tolerability, therefore more RCTs should be conducted, including novel ACTs."	( Monitoring the Efficacy and Safety of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies: A Review and Network Meta-analysis of Antimalarial Therapeutic Efficacy Trials in Cameroon. Basco, LK; Chiabi, A; Whegang Youdom, S, 2019)	0.51
" Adverse events and serious adverse events were rarely observed with both treatments."	( Persistence of High In Vivo Efficacy and Safety of Artesunate-Amodiaquine and Artemether-Lumefantrine as the First- and Second-Line Treatments for Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria 10 Years After Their Implementation in Gabon. Bouyou-Akotet, MK; Fandeur, T; Koumba Lengongo, JV; Lekana-Douki, JB; M'Bondoukwé, NP; Mawili-Mboumba, DP; Moutombi Ditombi, B; Ndong Ngomo, JM; Offouga, CL; Ondzagha Megnie, GJ; Ringwald, P, 2019)	0.75
"0%) patients experienced at least one drug-related adverse event (AE)."	( Safety and tolerability of artesunate-amodiaquine, artemether-lumefantrine and quinine plus clindamycin in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Fungula, B; Inocencio da Luz, R; Kalabuanga, M; Lula Ntamba, Y; Lutumba, P; Muhindo Mavoko, H; Ntamabyaliro Nsengi, PM; Tona Lutete, G; Van Geertruyden, JP, 2019)	0.78
" After a 48-h treatment, ADQ and NADQ caused cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells; NADQ was slightly more toxic than ADQ."	( Apoptosis contributes to the cytotoxicity induced by amodiaquine and its major metabolite N-desethylamodiaquine in hepatic cells. Beland, FA; Chen, S; Fang, JL; Tang, Y; Wu, Q, 2020)	0.81
" The most frequent adverse event in both groups was asthenia."	( Monitoring of efficacy, tolerability and safety of artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Lambaréné, Gabon: an open-label clinical trial. Adegbite, BR; Adegnika, AA; Agnandji, ST; Dejon-Agobe, JC; Edoa, JR; Honkpehedji, YJ; Koehne, E; Kreidenweiss, A; Kremsner, PG; Kun, J; Lalremruata, A; Lell, B; Lotola-Mougueni, F; Mbong-Ngwese, M; Mombo-Ngoma, G; Mordmüller, B; Nguyen, TT; Obone Atome, FA; Ramharter, M; Safiou, AR; Velavan, TP; Zinsou, FJ, 2019)	0.74
"This study showed that AL and AS-AQ remain efficacious, well-tolerated, and are safe to treat uncomplicated malaria in children from Lambaréné."	( Monitoring of efficacy, tolerability and safety of artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Lambaréné, Gabon: an open-label clinical trial. Adegbite, BR; Adegnika, AA; Agnandji, ST; Dejon-Agobe, JC; Edoa, JR; Honkpehedji, YJ; Koehne, E; Kreidenweiss, A; Kremsner, PG; Kun, J; Lalremruata, A; Lell, B; Lotola-Mougueni, F; Mbong-Ngwese, M; Mombo-Ngoma, G; Mordmüller, B; Nguyen, TT; Obone Atome, FA; Ramharter, M; Safiou, AR; Velavan, TP; Zinsou, FJ, 2019)	0.74
" The secondary criteria were the clearing time of fever, parasites, and gametocytes and then the occurrence of adverse events."	( [Safety and Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine and Artesunate-Amodiaquine in Niger]. Adehossi, E; Boureima, S; Hadiza, J; Hamidou, HH; Harouna, HK; Ibrahima, I; Laminou, IM; Mahamadou, A; Maman, D; Tidjani, IA; Yacouba, I, 2020)	0.8
" Adverse events occurred in 8 of 8 (100%) of participants receiving ATV-PG/AQ, 11 of 12 (91."	( Unanticipated CNS Safety Signal in a Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial of Co-Administered Atovaquone-Proguanil and Amodiaquine. Abla, N; Chalon, S; Chughlay, MF; Haouala, A; Hutter, B; Lorch, U; Macintyre, F; Marie Tchouatieu, A, 2022)	0.93
" Adverse events were documented in less than 2% of participants for both drugs."	( In vivo efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine and amodiaquine-artesunate for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Mozambique, 2018. Aide, P; Bassat, Q; Candrinho, B; Carvalho, E; Chidimatembue, A; Enosse, S; Halsey, ES; Lucchi, N; Macete, E; Mayor, A; Moriarty, LF; Nhacolo, A; Nhama, A; Nhamússua, L; Saifodine, A; Salvador, C; Svigel, SS; Zulliger, R, 2021)	0.86
" Safety was based on assessment of adverse events (AEs) and severe adverse events (SAEs) from day 1 to day 28."	( Effectiveness and safety of artesunate-amodiaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for home-based treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria among children 6-120 months in Yaoundé, Cameroon: a randomized trial. Aboh, PM; Adzemye, LM; Akam, LF; Ali, IM; Alifrangis, M; Ambani, MCE; Ango, Z; Bigoga, JD; Chedjou, JPK; Dinza, G; Dongmo, CH; Douanla, A; Ewane, MS; Fomboh, CT; Fosah, DA; Kotcholi, GB; Ludovic, AJ; Mbacham, WF; Moyeh, MN; Nana, WD; Ndikum, VN; Ngu, JA; Niba, PTN; Nji, AM; Nna, DRA; Oben, OLA; Omgba, PAM; Selly-Ngaloumo, AA; Tatah, FM; Ticha, JT, 2022)	0.99
" Expected mild to moderate adverse events were reported in both arms [AS-AQ = 83 (84."	( Effectiveness and safety of artesunate-amodiaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for home-based treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria among children 6-120 months in Yaoundé, Cameroon: a randomized trial. Aboh, PM; Adzemye, LM; Akam, LF; Ali, IM; Alifrangis, M; Ambani, MCE; Ango, Z; Bigoga, JD; Chedjou, JPK; Dinza, G; Dongmo, CH; Douanla, A; Ewane, MS; Fomboh, CT; Fosah, DA; Kotcholi, GB; Ludovic, AJ; Mbacham, WF; Moyeh, MN; Nana, WD; Ndikum, VN; Ngu, JA; Niba, PTN; Nji, AM; Nna, DRA; Oben, OLA; Omgba, PAM; Selly-Ngaloumo, AA; Tatah, FM; Ticha, JT, 2022)	0.99
"This study demonstrated that AS-AQ and AL are effective and safe for home management of malaria in Yaoundé."	( Effectiveness and safety of artesunate-amodiaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for home-based treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria among children 6-120 months in Yaoundé, Cameroon: a randomized trial. Aboh, PM; Adzemye, LM; Akam, LF; Ali, IM; Alifrangis, M; Ambani, MCE; Ango, Z; Bigoga, JD; Chedjou, JPK; Dinza, G; Dongmo, CH; Douanla, A; Ewane, MS; Fomboh, CT; Fosah, DA; Kotcholi, GB; Ludovic, AJ; Mbacham, WF; Moyeh, MN; Nana, WD; Ndikum, VN; Ngu, JA; Niba, PTN; Nji, AM; Nna, DRA; Oben, OLA; Omgba, PAM; Selly-Ngaloumo, AA; Tatah, FM; Ticha, JT, 2022)	0.99
" Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and artesunate-amodiaquine were associated with a small number of mild adverse events, and there were no treatment-related serious adverse events or deaths."	( Effectiveness and safety of intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine or artesunate-amodiaquine for reducing malaria and related morbidities in schoolchildren in Tanzania: a randomised controlled trial. Baraka, V; Francis, F; Geertruyden, JV; Gesase, S; Kyaruzi, E; Lusingu, JPA; Madebe, R; Makenga, G; Minja, DTR; Mtove, G; Nakato, S, 2023)	1.38
"IPTsc with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine or artesunate-amodiaquine is a safe and effective approach to reducing malaria parasitaemia, clinical malaria, and related morbidities, and is feasible to implement through programmes delivered by schoolteachers."	( Effectiveness and safety of intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine or artesunate-amodiaquine for reducing malaria and related morbidities in schoolchildren in Tanzania: a randomised controlled trial. Baraka, V; Francis, F; Geertruyden, JV; Gesase, S; Kyaruzi, E; Lusingu, JPA; Madebe, R; Makenga, G; Minja, DTR; Mtove, G; Nakato, S, 2023)	1.37
" Mild and moderate adverse events, including gastrointestinal and/or nervous disorders, were reported in 11."	( Therapeutic efficacy and safety of artesunate + amodiaquine and artemether + lumefantrine in treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children on the rainy south-east coast of Madagascar. Carn, G; Harimanana, AN; Hotahiene, R; Irinantenaina, J; Ralemary, N; Randriamiarinjatovo, DNAL; Randrianarivelojosia, M; Randriarison, M; Razafinjato, C; Razanatsiorimalala, S, 2023)	1.17

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Parameters such as half-life distribution volume, clearance and bioavailability, are defined."	( [Pharmacokinetics of antimalarials: quinine and mefloquine, halofantrine, qinghaosu, amino-4-quinolines]. Blayo, MC; Pussard, E; Verdier, F, )	0.13
" A biexponential equation was fitted to the plasma concentration time data and the following estimated pharmacokinetic parameters (geometric mean; range) were derived; lambda 1 = 24."	( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous amodiaquine. Bunch, C; Edwards, G; Karbwang, J; Looareesuwan, S; Nicholl, DD; Phillips, RE; Warrell, DA; White, NJ, 1987)	0.56
"For the past 300 years antimalarial dosage regimens have not been based on pharmacokinetic information."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of antimalarial drugs. White, NJ, )	0.13
" In an attempt to explain the discrepancy between its in vivo-in vitro activity, a pharmacokinetic study was conducted in healthy subjects with HPLC assays."	( [Pharmacokinetics of amodiaquine and prevention of Plasmodium falciparum malaria]. Blayo, MC; Faurisson, F; Pussard, E; Verdier, F, 1985)	0.59
" Chloroquine is extensively distributed with an enormous total apparent volume of distribution (Vd) more than 100 L/kg, and a terminal elimination half-life of 1 to 2 months."	( Pharmacokinetics of quinine, chloroquine and amodiaquine. Clinical implications. Krishna, S; White, NJ, 1996)	0.55
" To calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters AQ was administered orally (20 mg/kg) and rectally (20 mg/kg) to the animals and the blood concentrations of the drug were controlled during a time interval of 120 hours with help of spectrofluorometric method."	( [Pharmacokinetics of rectal absorption of amodiaquine in rabbits]. Blum, Z; Iván, J; Vass, K, 1997)	0.56
" Blood samples from children in two studies in Zanzibar and one in Papua New Guinea were included in the pharmacokinetic analysis (n = 86)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine in pediatric patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Ali, AS; Ashton, M; Bhattarai, A; Björkman, A; Hietala, SF; Hombhanje, FW; Kaneko, A; Msellem, M; Röshammar, D; Strömberg, J, 2007)	0.63
" As no pharmacokinetic data on this combination have been published to date, we investigated its pharmacokinetic interactions and tolerability in healthy volunteers in Africa."	( Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of artesunate and amodiaquine alone and in combination in healthy volunteers. Barnes, KI; Folb, P; Little, F; Olliaro, P; Orrell, C; Smith, P; Taylor, W, 2008)	0.6
"Thirteen volunteers completed the study, and pharmacokinetic parameters could be determined for twelve volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of artesunate and amodiaquine alone and in combination in healthy volunteers. Barnes, KI; Folb, P; Little, F; Olliaro, P; Orrell, C; Smith, P; Taylor, W, 2008)	0.6
"The pharmacodynamic interaction between retinol and 4-aminoquinolines has been investigated in 29 fresh isolates of Plasmodium falciparum."	( Pharmacodynamic interaction between 4-aminoquinolines and retinol in Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Congpuong, K; Frank, C; Ley, B; Sirichaisinthop, J; Wernsdorfer, G; Wernsdorfer, WH, 2008)	0.35
"There is limited pharmacokinetic data available for the combination artesunate + amodiaquine, which is used widely to treat uncomplicated malaria."	( Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of non-fixed and fixed combinations of artesunate and amodiaquine in Malaysian healthy normal volunteers. Kiechel, JR; Mansor, SM; Navaratnam, V; Olliaro, P; Ramanathan, S; Siew Hua, G; Taylor, WR; Vaillant, M; Wahab, MS, 2009)	0.8
"Both combinations were well tolerated and had comparable pharmacokinetic profiles; differences are unlikely to be clinically relevant."	( Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of non-fixed and fixed combinations of artesunate and amodiaquine in Malaysian healthy normal volunteers. Kiechel, JR; Mansor, SM; Navaratnam, V; Olliaro, P; Ramanathan, S; Siew Hua, G; Taylor, WR; Vaillant, M; Wahab, MS, 2009)	0.58
"A prospective population pharmacokinetic study of AS and AQ was conducted in children aged six months to five years."	( Population pharmacokinetics of artesunate and amodiaquine in African children. Gansané, A; Kiechel, JR; Morgan, CC; Ouedraogo, A; Ouedraogo, EB; Simpson, JA; Sirima, SB; Stepniewska, K; Taylor, W; White, NJ, 2009)	0.61
" Amodiaquine was converted rapidly to DeAq, which was then eliminated with an estimated median (range) elimination half-life of 9 (7 to 12) days."	( Population pharmacokinetics of artesunate and amodiaquine in African children. Gansané, A; Kiechel, JR; Morgan, CC; Ouedraogo, A; Ouedraogo, EB; Simpson, JA; Sirima, SB; Stepniewska, K; Taylor, W; White, NJ, 2009)	1.52
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) data informing the optimum dosing of these drug regimens is limited, especially in children."	( Pharmacokinetics of artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine in children in Kampala, Uganda. Annerberg, A; Aweeka, F; Clark, TD; Dorsey, G; Drysdale, T; German, P; Kalyango, JN; Kamya, MR; Lindegardh, N; McGee, B; Mwesigwa, J; Parikh, S; Rosenthal, PJ, 2010)	0.6
" The main disposition parameters to AS+AQ were: for DHA, AUC = 632 +/- 475 ng h/ml and Cmax = 432 +/- 325 ng/ml, and for MdAQ = 14268 +/- 4114 ng h/ml and Cmax = 336 +/- 225 ng/ml (mean +/- standard deviation)."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new ACT formulation: Artesunate/Amodiaquine (TRIMALACT) following oral administration in African malaria patients. Alegre, SS; Benakis, A; Bertaux, L; Lwango, R; Malaika, LT; Parzy, D; Sinou, V; Sugnaux, F; Taudon, N, )	0.36
"In order to study the pharmacokinetic properties of amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine during pregnancy, 24 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and with Plasmodium vivax malaria were treated with amodiaquine (10 mg/kg of body weight/day) for 3 days."	( Pharmacokinetics of amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine in pregnant and postpartum women with Plasmodium vivax malaria. Cammas, M; Hsi, P; Jullien, V; Lindegardh, N; McGready, R; Nosten, F; Phyo, AP; Rijken, MJ; Singhasivanon, P; Tarning, J; White, NJ; Win, AK, 2011)	0.94
" Yet, limited data is available on pharmacokinetic interactions between these drugs."	( Effects of amodiaquine and artesunate on sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine pharmacokinetic parameters in children under five in Mali. Barnes, KI; Beavogui, AH; Djimde, AA; Doumbo, OK; Evans, A; Fredericks, A; Maiga, H; Sangare, CP; Smith, P; Tekete, MM; Toure, S; Traore, ZI, 2011)	0.76
" Exactly 100 μl of capillary blood was collected onto filter paper before drug administration at day 0 and at days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after drug administration for analysis of sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Effects of amodiaquine and artesunate on sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine pharmacokinetic parameters in children under five in Mali. Barnes, KI; Beavogui, AH; Djimde, AA; Doumbo, OK; Evans, A; Fredericks, A; Maiga, H; Sangare, CP; Smith, P; Tekete, MM; Toure, S; Traore, ZI, 2011)	0.76
"001) and thus elimination half-life (3."	( Effects of amodiaquine and artesunate on sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine pharmacokinetic parameters in children under five in Mali. Barnes, KI; Beavogui, AH; Djimde, AA; Doumbo, OK; Evans, A; Fredericks, A; Maiga, H; Sangare, CP; Smith, P; Tekete, MM; Toure, S; Traore, ZI, 2011)	0.76
" Our results indicated that the serial sampling technique would reduce the number of animals and also compound usage, as well as improve the quality of pharmacokinetic data."	( A modified serial blood sampling technique and utility of dried-blood spot technique in estimation of blood concentration: application in mouse pharmacokinetics. Kurawattimath, V; Mandlekar, S; Mariappan, TT; Pocha, K; Trivedi, RK, 2012)	0.38
"Amodiaquine is effective for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria, but there is little information on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of amodiaquine in pregnant women with malaria."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine in women with Plasmodium vivax malaria during and after pregnancy. Bergstrand, M; Cammas, M; Chotsiri, P; Day, NP; Jullien, V; Lindegardh, N; McGready, R; Nosten, F; Rijken, MJ; Singhasivanon, P; Tarning, J; White, NJ, 2012)	2.06
"Artemisinin resistance, a long parasite clearance half-life in response to artemisinin, has been described in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in southeast Asia."	( Plasmodium falciparum clearance rates in response to artesunate in Malian children with malaria: effect of acquired immunity. Anderson, JM; Chiang, S; Diakite, M; Diakite, SA; Doumbia, S; Doumbouya, M; Fairhurst, RM; Fay, MP; Keita, AS; Konate, DS; Long, CA; Lopera-Mesa, TM; Ndiaye, D; Sa, JM; Stepniewska, K; Traore, K; Zeituni, AE, 2013)	0.39
" We estimated half-life by measuring parasite density every 6 hours until undetectable and evaluated the effects of age, sex, ethnicity, and red blood cell (RBC) polymorphisms on half-life."	( Plasmodium falciparum clearance rates in response to artesunate in Malian children with malaria: effect of acquired immunity. Anderson, JM; Chiang, S; Diakite, M; Diakite, SA; Doumbia, S; Doumbouya, M; Fairhurst, RM; Fay, MP; Keita, AS; Konate, DS; Long, CA; Lopera-Mesa, TM; Ndiaye, D; Sa, JM; Stepniewska, K; Traore, K; Zeituni, AE, 2013)	0.39
" IgG responses to parasitized RBCs shorten half-life and may influence this parameter in areas where age is not an adequate surrogate of immunity and correlates of parasite-clearing immunity have not been identified."	( Plasmodium falciparum clearance rates in response to artesunate in Malian children with malaria: effect of acquired immunity. Anderson, JM; Chiang, S; Diakite, M; Diakite, SA; Doumbia, S; Doumbouya, M; Fairhurst, RM; Fay, MP; Keita, AS; Konate, DS; Long, CA; Lopera-Mesa, TM; Ndiaye, D; Sa, JM; Stepniewska, K; Traore, K; Zeituni, AE, 2013)	0.39
"The study established pharmacokinetic interaction between AQ and MO when given together or following a long period of ingestion of MO."	( Moringa oleifera leaf powder alters the pharmacokinetics of amodiaquine in healthy human volunteers. Adeagbo, BA; Bolaji, OO; Olawoye, OS, 2018)	0.72
" Neither the drug formulation nor the hemoglobin concentration had an effect on any pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of the Antimalarial Amodiaquine: a Pooled Analysis To Optimize Dosing. Adjei, GO; Ali, AM; Aweeka, F; Barnes, KI; Denti, P; Jullien, V; Kiechel, JR; Kristensen, K; McGready, R; Mwesigwa, J; Penny, MA; Rijken, MJ; Sasi, P; Smith, TA; Stepniewska, K; Tarning, J; Workman, L, 2018)	0.74
" The present study hence evaluated the effect of MD on the disposition of AQ in mice with a view to investigating a possible pharmacokinetic interaction."	( Influence of MAMA decoction, an Herbal Antimalarial, on the Pharmacokinetics of Amodiaquine in Mice. Adeagbo, BA; Adehin, A; Adepiti, AO; Bolaji, OO; Elujoba, AA, 2020)	0.79
" The exposure and half-life of desethylamodiaquine increased by approximately 11% and 21%, respectively, with concurrent administration."	( Influence of MAMA decoction, an Herbal Antimalarial, on the Pharmacokinetics of Amodiaquine in Mice. Adeagbo, BA; Adehin, A; Adepiti, AO; Bolaji, OO; Elujoba, AA, 2020)	1.05
" The increase in the half-life and systemic exposure of AQ following its co-administration with MD may provide a basis for the enhanced pharmacological effect of the combination in an earlier study in Plasmodium-infected mice."	( Influence of MAMA decoction, an Herbal Antimalarial, on the Pharmacokinetics of Amodiaquine in Mice. Adeagbo, BA; Adehin, A; Adepiti, AO; Bolaji, OO; Elujoba, AA, 2020)	0.79
" Here, we evaluated the population pharmacokinetic properties of amodiaquine and its active metabolite, desethylamodiaquine, in children receiving SMC under directly observed ideal conditions (n = 136), and the adherence of SMC at an implementation phase in children participating in a case-control study to evaluate SMC effectiveness (n = 869)."	( Adherence and Population Pharmacokinetic Properties of Amodiaquine When Used for Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in African Children. Assao, B; Blessborn, D; Coldiron, ME; Ding, J; Grais, RF; Guindo, O; Koscalova, A; Langendorf, C; Tarning, J; Winterberg, M, 2020)	1.04
"We developed a population pharmacokinetic model of dolutegravir with data from 26 healthy volunteers in two Phase 2 studies with a total of 403 dolutegravir plasma concentrations at steady state."	( Dolutegravir pharmacokinetics during co-administration with either artemether/lumefantrine or artesunate/amodiaquine. Denti, P; Kawuma, AN; Khoo, S; Lamorde, M; Pillai, GC; Walimbwa, SI; Wasmann, RE, 2021)	0.84
" Understanding the safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of antimalarial combination therapies is crucial in optimising dosing."	( Pharmacokinetic considerations in seasonal malaria chemoprevention. Chotsiri, P; Tarning, J; White, NJ, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"To assess the effectiveness of chloroquine or amodiaquine given with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine to treat uncomplicated falciparum malaria."	( Chloroquine or amodiaquine combined with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for treating uncomplicated malaria. McIntosh, HM, 2000)	0.92
"Randomised and quasi-randomised trials of chloroquine or amodiaquine given with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine compared with either drug alone in adults or children with confirmed uncomplicated falciparum malaria."	( Chloroquine or amodiaquine combined with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for treating uncomplicated malaria. McIntosh, HM, 2000)	0.91
"In areas where chloroquine or amodiaquine are still effective, despite some degree of resistance, using these drugs in combination with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, rather than sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone, may make people feel better faster and improve sustained parasites clearance."	( Chloroquine or amodiaquine combined with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for treating uncomplicated malaria. McIntosh, HM, 2000)	0.95
"To assess the effectiveness of chloroquine or amodiaquine given with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine to treat uncomplicated falciparum malaria."	( Chloroquine or amodiaquine combined with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for treating uncomplicated malaria. McIntosh, HM, 2001)	0.92
"Randomised and quasi-randomised trials of chloroquine or amodiaquine given with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine compared with either drug alone in adults or children with confirmed uncomplicated falciparum malaria."	( Chloroquine or amodiaquine combined with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for treating uncomplicated malaria. McIntosh, HM, 2001)	0.91
"In areas where chloroquine or amodiaquine are still effective, despite some degree of resistance, using these drugs in combination with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, rather than sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine alone, may make people feel better faster and improve sustained parasites clearance."	( Chloroquine or amodiaquine combined with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for treating uncomplicated malaria. McIntosh, HM, 2001)	0.95
" In 2002, we assessed the efficacy of SP alone and combined with amodiaquine (AQ/SP) or chloroquine (CQ/SP) in Ugandan children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria."	( Efficacy of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine alone or combined with amodiaquine or chloroquine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Ugandan children. Bakyaita, N; D'Alessandro, U; Egwang, TG; Langi, P; Mutabingwa, TK; Nalunkuma-Kazibwe, A; Talisuna, AO; Van Marck, E; Watkins, WW, 2004)	0.8
"We investigated the safety and efficacy of amodiaquine alone (AQ) and combined with artesunate (AQ + AS) in 308 Rwandan children 6-59 months old with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria attending three sentinel sites."	( Is amodiaquine failing in Rwanda? Efficacy of amodiaquine alone and combined with artesunate in children with uncomplicated malaria. D'Alessandro, U; Dujardin, JC; Erhart, A; Karema, C; Mugisha, V; Ringwald, P; Rwagacondo, CE; Van Overmeir, C, 2004)	1.21
" At a meeting in Port Moresby in October 1997, it was decided to explore a possible change of the current first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria with chloroquine alone (amodiaquine for children under five years) to chloroquine or amodiaquine in combination with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (S-P)."	( Therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine or amodiaquine in combination with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Papua New Guinea. Bulungol, P; Hwaihwanje, I; Jayatilaka, KD; Kemiki, A; Taviri, J, )	0.59
" Competitive uptake of radiolabeled chloroquine and dihydroartemisinin in combination with other antimalarials was observed."	( Effects of piperaquine, chloroquine, and amodiaquine on drug uptake and of these in combination with dihydroartemisinin against drug-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Adagu, IS; Fivelman, QL; Warhurst, DC, 2007)	0.61
"MB-AQ is a promising alternative drug combination against malaria in Africa."	( Safety and efficacy of methylene blue combined with artesunate or amodiaquine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a randomized controlled trial from Burkina Faso. Coulibaly, B; Klose, C; Kouyaté, B; Mansmann, U; Meissner, P; Mockenhaupt, FP; Müller, O; Schirmer, RH; Sié, A; Walter-Sack, I; Zoungrana, A, 2008)	0.58
"The present study describes a new analytical approach for the detection and characterization of chemically reactive metabolites using glutathione ethyl ester (GSH-EE) as the trapping agent in combination with hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry."	( Screening and characterization of reactive metabolites using glutathione ethyl ester in combination with Q-trap mass spectrometry. Fitch, WL; Wen, B, 2009)	0.35
"The effect of 16 alpha-acetoxy-26-hydroxycholest-4-ene-3,22-dione (SN-1) isolated from Solanum nudum Dunal (a Solanaceae traditionally used for treating fever in Colombia) on Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte stages and its in vitro antiplasmodial activity when combined with the following conventional drugs was studied: chloroquine (CQ), amodiaquine (AQ), desethylamodiaquine (desethyl-AQ), quinine (QN), artemisinin (AR), atovaquone (ATV) and quinine (QN)."	( Plasmodium falciparum: Solanum nudum SN-1 steroid antiplasmodial activity when combined with antimalarial drugs. Blair, S; Deharo, E; Pabón, A, 2011)	0.54
" Intermittent preventive treatment for children (IPTc) combined with timely treatment of malaria related febrile illness at home to reduce parasite prevalence and malaria morbidity in children aged between six and 60 months in a coastal community in Ghana."	( Two-year evaluation of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Children (IPTc) combined with timely home treatment for malaria control in Ghana. Ahorlu, CK; Koram, KA; Seake-Kwawu, A; Weiss, MG, 2011)	0.37
"The year-two-evaluation result indicates that IPTc given three times in a year (every four months) combined with timely treatment of febrile malaria illness, is effective to reduce malaria parasite prevalence in children aged 6 to 60 months in the study community."	( Two-year evaluation of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Children (IPTc) combined with timely home treatment for malaria control in Ghana. Ahorlu, CK; Koram, KA; Seake-Kwawu, A; Weiss, MG, 2011)	0.37
"A high prevalence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax in Indonesia has shifted first-line treatment to artemisinin-based combination therapies, combined with primaquine (PQ) for radical cure."	( A randomized comparison of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and artesunate-amodiaquine combined with primaquine for radical treatment of vivax malaria in Sumatera, Indonesia. Chavez, I; Chokejindachai, W; Dondorp, AM; Imwong, M; Pasaribu, AP; Pasaribu, S; Sirivichayakul, C; Tanomsing, N; Tjitra, E; White, NJ, 2013)	0.62
" We undertook two pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers, using standard adult doses of artemether-lumefantrine or artesunate-amodiaquine given with 50 mg once daily dolutegravir (DTG) to investigate the drug-drug interaction between artemether-lumefantrine or artesunate-amodiaquine and dolutegravir."	( Drug Interactions between Dolutegravir and Artemether-Lumefantrine or Artesunate-Amodiaquine. Amara, A; Byakika-Kibwika, P; Chiong, J; Else, L; Gini, J; Kaboggoza, J; Khoo, SH; Lamorde, M; Tarning, J; Waitt, C; Walimbwa, SI; Winterberg, M, 2019)	0.94
" Primaquine (PQ) and methylene blue (MB) are gametocytocidal drugs that can be combined with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) to reduce malaria transmission, including resistant strains."	( Safety and efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine combined with either methylene blue or primaquine in children with falciparum malaria in Burkina Faso: A randomized controlled trial. Compaoré, G; Coulibaly, B; D Alessandro, U; Jahn, A; Kieser, M; Klose, C; Krisam, J; Lu, G; Meissner, P; Mendes Jorge, M; Mockenhaupt, FP; Müller, O; Nebie, E; Ouermi, L; Sié, A, 2019)	0.79

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Quinine is well absorbed by mouth or following intramuscular injection even in severe cases of malaria (estimated bioavailability more than 85%)."	( Pharmacokinetics of quinine, chloroquine and amodiaquine. Clinical implications. Krishna, S; White, NJ, 1996)	0.55
" The bioavailability of the rectal preparations relating to the oral dosage form was 63."	( [Pharmacokinetics of rectal absorption of amodiaquine in rabbits]. Blum, Z; Iván, J; Vass, K, 1997)	0.56
" The results indicate the suitability of this technique in antimalarial drug quality and bioavailability studies."	( A simple technique for the detection of anti-malarial drug formulations and their presence in human urine. Akida, JA; Lemnge, MM; Lugimbana, L; Malebo, HM; Malle, LN; Segeja, MD, 2006)	0.33
" The method is sensitive, selective, accurate, reproducible and suited particularly for pharmacokinetic study of AS-AQ drug combination and can also be used to compare the bioavailability of different formulations, including a fixed-dose AS-AQ co-formulation."	( Validation of high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection methods with simultaneous extraction procedure for the determination of artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine in human plasma for application in c Lai, CS; Mansor, SM; Muniandy, A; Nair, NK; Navaratnam, V; Olliaro, PL, 2009)	0.54
" This study examines the bioavailability and tolerability of a fixed (200 mg artesunate + 540 mg amodiaquine) and loose (200 mg + 612 mg) combination with a 2x2 cross-over design in 24 healthy volunteers."	( Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of non-fixed and fixed combinations of artesunate and amodiaquine in Malaysian healthy normal volunteers. Kiechel, JR; Mansor, SM; Navaratnam, V; Olliaro, P; Ramanathan, S; Siew Hua, G; Taylor, WR; Vaillant, M; Wahab, MS, 2009)	0.79
" Relative bioavailability between products was compared by estimating the ratios (and 95% CI) between the areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC)."	( Population pharmacokinetics of artesunate and amodiaquine in African children. Gansané, A; Kiechel, JR; Morgan, CC; Ouedraogo, A; Ouedraogo, EB; Simpson, JA; Sirima, SB; Stepniewska, K; Taylor, W; White, NJ, 2009)	0.61
"The bioavailability of the co-formulated AS-AQ FDC was similar to that of the separate tablets for desethylamodiaquine, DHA and the total anti-malarial activity."	( Population pharmacokinetics of artesunate and amodiaquine in African children. Gansané, A; Kiechel, JR; Morgan, CC; Ouedraogo, A; Ouedraogo, EB; Simpson, JA; Sirima, SB; Stepniewska, K; Taylor, W; White, NJ, 2009)	0.82
"The aim of the present study was to compare the pharmacokinetic properties, bioavailability and tolerability of artesunate (AS) and amodiaquine (AQ) administered as a fixed-dose combination (Amonate FDC tablets; Dafra Pharma, Turnhout, Belgium) or as a non-fixed dose combination of separate AS tablets (Arsuamoon; Guilin Pharmaceutical Co, Shanghai, China) and AQ tablets (Flavoquine; Sanofi-Aventis, Paris, France)."	( Comparative oral bioavailability of non-fixed and fixed combinations of artesunate and amodiaquine in healthy Indian male volunteers. Fortin, A; Jansen, FH; Verbeeck, RK, 2011)	0.8
"The oral bioavailability of some drugs is markedly lower in cynomolgus monkeys than in humans."	( Species differences in intestinal metabolic activities of cytochrome P450 isoforms between cynomolgus monkeys and humans. Komuro, S; Mizuki, Y; Nishimuta, H; Sato, K; Yabuki, M, 2011)	0.37
" The orally bioavailable lead imidazolopiperazine confers complete causal prophylactic protection (15 milligrams/kilogram) in rodent models of malaria and shows potent in vivo blood-stage therapeutic activity."	( Imaging of Plasmodium liver stages to drive next-generation antimalarial drug discovery. Barnes, SW; Bonamy, GM; Bopp, SE; Borboa, R; Bright, AT; Chatterjee, A; Che, J; Cohen, S; Dharia, NV; Diagana, TT; Fidock, DA; Froissard, P; Gagaring, K; Gettayacamin, M; Glynne, RJ; Gordon, P; Groessl, T; Kato, N; Kuhen, KL; Lee, MC; Mazier, D; McNamara, CW; Meister, S; Nagle, A; Nam, TG; Plouffe, DM; Richmond, W; Roland, J; Rottmann, M; Sattabongkot, J; Schultz, PG; Tuntland, T; Walker, JR; Winzeler, EA; Wu, T; Zhou, B; Zhou, Y, 2011)	0.37
" This result correlated well with an in vivo pharmacokinetics study, which showed low bioavailability of 6c in rats."	( Tetrazole-based deoxyamodiaquines: synthesis, ADME/PK profiling and pharmacological evaluation as potential antimalarial agents. Barteau, S; Chibale, K; Gut, J; Heudi, O; Kameni-Tcheudji, J; Mugumbate, GC; Njoroge, M; Rosenthal, PJ; Streckfuss, J; Tukulula, M, 2013)	0.71
" CF fortified with highly bioavailable iron improved iron status but not Hb concentration, despite three-monthly IPT of malaria."	( The effect of iron-fortified complementary food and intermittent preventive treatment of malaria on anaemia in 12- to 36-month-old children: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Adiossan, LG; Brittenham, GM; Diakité, VG; Glinz, D; Hurrell, RF; N'Goran, EK; Ouattara, M; Righetti, AA; Seifert, B; Utzinger, J; Wegmüller, R; Zimmermann, MB, 2015)	0.42
" Bioavailability was 22."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of the Antimalarial Amodiaquine: a Pooled Analysis To Optimize Dosing. Adjei, GO; Ali, AM; Aweeka, F; Barnes, KI; Denti, P; Jullien, V; Kiechel, JR; Kristensen, K; McGready, R; Mwesigwa, J; Penny, MA; Rijken, MJ; Sasi, P; Smith, TA; Stepniewska, K; Tarning, J; Workman, L, 2018)	0.74
"The knowledge on human serum albumin (HSA) binding is of utmost importance as it affects pharmacokinetic behavior and bioavailability of drugs."	( Human Serum Albumin Binding in a Vial: A Novel UV-pH Titration Method To Assist Drug Design. Bajusz, D; Balogh, GT; Dargó, G; Müller, J; Simon, K, 2020)	0.56

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Amodiaquine in a total dose of 40 mg/kg appears to be macrofilaricidal, but because of the slight possibility of blood dyscrasias, mass chemotherapy with this dosage could not be recommended."	( Preliminary screening of antifilarial activity of levamisole and amodiaquine on Wuchereria bancrofti. McMahon, JE, 1979)	1.41
" Dosage data indicated that fatalities had taken higher doses and continued prophylaxis after onset of symptoms."	( Serious adverse drug reactions to pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine, pyrimethamine-dapsone and to amodiaquine in Britain. Phillips-Howard, PA; West, LJ, 1990)	0.5
" The increase dosage in comparison with the WHO recommendations (25 mg/kg), lead to no advantages for chloroquine treatment (50% failure), in contrast with amodiaquine (4% failure)."	( [Uncomplicated malaria attack in an area with high chloroquine resistance. 2. Evaluation of first-choice therapeutic scheme]. Arrive, A; Eberlé, F; Gazin, P; Hengy, C; Jambou, R; Kouka-Bemba, D, 1990)	0.48
" Chloroquine has a constant rate of efficiency, whatever dosage and duration of treatment be and should be saved for home presumptive treatment of malaria fever."	( [Evaluation of the efficacy of amino 4-quinolones in a chemoresistant zone. Proposals for new therapeutic schemes]. Eberle, F; Gazin, P; Hengy, C; Jambou, R; Louis, JP, )	0.13
" Should this relationship hold generally, desethylamodiaquine is the only chemical species resulting from oral dosing with amodiaquine which contributes significantly to antimalarial activity in the blood."	( Isolation, characterization and standardization of a major metabolite of amodiaquine by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Björkman, A; Churchill, FC; Mount, DL; Patchen, LC, 1986)	0.76
" For prophylaxis, it has been suggested that the dosage of 10 mg/kg/wk should be spread over the week (3."	( [Pharmacokinetics of antimalarials: quinine and mefloquine, halofantrine, qinghaosu, amino-4-quinolines]. Blayo, MC; Pussard, E; Verdier, F, )	0.13
"A high-performance liquid chromatographic method using oxidative electrochemical detection has been developed for selective and sensitive quantification of the antimalarial drug amodiaquine and three of its metabolites in the blood of dosed individuals."	( Sensitive analysis of blood for amodiaquine and three metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Barber, AM; Churchill, FC; Mount, DL; Nguyen-Dinh, P; Patchen, LC; Schwartz, IK, 1986)	0.75
"For the past 300 years antimalarial dosage regimens have not been based on pharmacokinetic information."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of antimalarial drugs. White, NJ, )	0.13
"Existing analytical methods for assaying the 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial amodiaquine in body fluids are nonspecific and obscure the fact that little or no amodiaquine is present in the blood of dosed persons."	( Amodiaquine as a prodrug: importance of metabolite(s) in the antimalarial effect of amodiaquine in humans. Campbell, CC; Churchill, FC; Dickinson, CM; Nguyen-Dinh, P; Patchen, LC; Schwartz, IK, 1985)	1.94
" Reappraisal of quinine therapy has led to important modifications in dosage recommendations and recognition of a major complication of severe malaria associated with its use--hypoglycaemia."	( Management of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Phillips, RE, 1984)	0.27
" SK & F 91581 (10(-4) M) had no effect upon these responses and amodiaquine (10(-5) M) depressed the maxima of the rate response dose-response curves."	( Uptake and metabolism of histamine in guinea-pig isolated atria and their relationship to the pharmacological responses. Broadley, KJ; Owen, DA; Smith, IR; Wilson, C, 1980)	0.5
" The bioavailability of the rectal preparations relating to the oral dosage form was 63."	( [Pharmacokinetics of rectal absorption of amodiaquine in rabbits]. Blum, Z; Iván, J; Vass, K, 1997)	0.56
" Probit analysis of log dose-response was used to determine effective concentrations EC50, EC90 and EC99 to the studied drugs."	( In vivo and in vitro Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine, amodiaquine and quinine in the Brazilian Amazon. di Santi, SM; Segurado, AA; Shiroma, M, )	0.37
" In areas where levels of drug resistance and complexity of infections are high, drug dosage and parasite genotyping may be of limited interest in improving the precision of drug efficacy measurement."	( Combination of drug level measurement and parasite genotyping data for improved assessment of amodiaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacies in treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Gabonese children. Aubouy, A; Bakary, M; Cot, M; Deloron, P; Keundjian, A; Le Bras, J; Makita, JR; Mbomat, B; Migot-Nabias, F, 2003)	0.54
" The assay of amodiaquine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms using one of the proposed sensors gave average recoveries of 104."	( Amodiaquine polymeric membrane electrode. Amighi, K; Blankert, B; Kambu, O; Kauffmann, JM; Malongo, TK; Nsangu, J, 2006)	2.14
" falciparum malaria infections were treated with the standard dosage of AQ and followed-up for 28 days."	( Association between mutations in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter and P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 genes and in vivo amodiaquine resistance in P. falciparum malaria-infected children in Nigeria. Bolaji, OM; Folarin, OA; Gbotosho, GO; Happi, CT; Kyle, DE; Milhous, W; Oduola, AM; Sowunmi, A; Wirth, DF, 2006)	0.53
"To test a novel methodology to define age-based dosing regimens for the treatment of malaria with a new, user-friendly, blister-packaged fixed-dose combination of artesunate and amodiaquine."	( Use of weight-for-age-data to optimize tablet strength and dosing regimens for a new fixed-dose artesunate-amodiaquine combination for treating falciparum malaria. Brasseur, P; Olliaro, PL; Taylor, W; ter Kuile, FO; Terlouw, DJ; White, NJ, 2006)	0.74
" A regimen with five age categories: 0-1 months (1/2 p), 2-11 months (1 p), 1-5 years (2 p), 6-13 years (1 a), and > 14 years (2 a) had an overall dosing accuracy of 83."	( Use of weight-for-age-data to optimize tablet strength and dosing regimens for a new fixed-dose artesunate-amodiaquine combination for treating falciparum malaria. Brasseur, P; Olliaro, PL; Taylor, W; ter Kuile, FO; Terlouw, DJ; White, NJ, 2006)	0.55
"The proposed method to use weight-for-age reference data from countries where malaria is endemic is a useful tool for designing age-based dosing regimens for antimalarial drugs for drug registration and field use."	( Use of weight-for-age-data to optimize tablet strength and dosing regimens for a new fixed-dose artesunate-amodiaquine combination for treating falciparum malaria. Brasseur, P; Olliaro, PL; Taylor, W; ter Kuile, FO; Terlouw, DJ; White, NJ, 2006)	0.55
" The age-based dosing schedule currently recommended in Zanzibar appeared to result in inadequate exposure to N-DEAQ in many patients."	( Population pharmacokinetics of amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine in pediatric patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Ali, AS; Ashton, M; Bhattarai, A; Björkman, A; Hietala, SF; Hombhanje, FW; Kaneko, A; Msellem, M; Röshammar, D; Strömberg, J, 2007)	0.63
" A weight-based dosing regimen was used for the loose tablets during 2000-2003 (n = 731) and a commercially available co-blister was used during 2004-2005 (n = 235)."	( Efficacy and safety of artesunate plus amodiaquine in routine use for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Casamance, southern Sénégal. Agnamey, P; Brasseur, P; Gaye, O; Olliaro, PL; Taylor, WR; Vaillant, M, 2007)	0.61
" Patients were randomly allocated into one of the two regimens, with dosage according to bodyweight range."	( Randomized, comparative study of the efficacy and safety of artesunate plus amodiaquine, administered as a single daily intake versus two daily intakes in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Brasseur, P; Cisse, M; Diouf, AM; Faye, B; Gaye, O; Kuété, T; Lameyre, V; Ndiaye, JL; Same-Ekobo, A; Seck, PA, 2008)	0.58
" The nonlinear clearance of DEAQ and the wide variability in kinetic parameters have safety implications for weight-based dosing of higher-body-weight children with AQ."	( Effect of concomitant artesunate administration and cytochrome P4502C8 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of amodiaquine in Ghanaian children with uncomplicated malaria. Adjei, GO; Alifrangis, M; Goka, BQ; Hoegberg, LC; Kristensen, K; Kurtzhals, JA; Rodrigues, OP, 2008)	0.56
"Several products of artesunate plus amodiaquine (AS + AQ) are being deployed in malaria-endemic countries for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria but dosing accuracy and consequential effects on efficacy and tolerability have not been examined."	( Dosing accuracy of artesunate and amodiaquine as treatment for falciparum malaria in Casamance, Senegal. Agnamey, P; Badiane, M; Brasseur, P; Cisse, M; Gaye, O; Olliaro, P; Taylor, WR; Vaillant, M, 2009)	0.91
" AS + AQ was given as: (i) loose combination (AS 50 mg, AQ 200 mg), dosed on body weight, or (ii) co-blistered product (AS 50 mg, AQ 153 mg) dosed by weight or age."	( Dosing accuracy of artesunate and amodiaquine as treatment for falciparum malaria in Casamance, Senegal. Agnamey, P; Badiane, M; Brasseur, P; Cisse, M; Gaye, O; Olliaro, P; Taylor, WR; Vaillant, M, 2009)	0.63
" AS was dosed correctly in >99% with all regimens."	( Dosing accuracy of artesunate and amodiaquine as treatment for falciparum malaria in Casamance, Senegal. Agnamey, P; Badiane, M; Brasseur, P; Cisse, M; Gaye, O; Olliaro, P; Taylor, WR; Vaillant, M, 2009)	0.63
" The findings indicate that there was no agranulocytosis or hepatic toxicity suggesting that AQ may pose no public health risk in its wide therapeutic dosage uses."	( Biological and haematological safety profile of oral amodiaquine and chloroquine in healthy volunteers with or without Plasmodium falciparum infection in northeast Tanzania. Akida, JA; Bygbjerg, IC; Chile, MM; Kitua, AY; Lemnge, MM; Lusingu, JP; Makunde, R; Malebo, HM; Massaga, JJ; Rønn, AM; Theander, TG, 2008)	0.6
" Dosing was by age."	( The efficacy and safety of a new fixed-dose combination of amodiaquine and artesunate in young African children with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum. Diarra, A; Gansané, A; Kiechel, JR; Konaté, AT; Morgan, CC; Olliaro, PL; Ouédraogo, A; Sirima, SB; Taylor, WR; Tiono, AB, 2009)	0.6
"1) of program and control retailers, respectively, reported correct knowledge on dosing with amodiaquine (OR = 29."	( Impact of ministry of health interventions on private medicine retailer knowledge and practices on anti-malarial treatment in Kenya. Abuya, T; Fegan, G; Karisa, B; Marsh, V; Mutemi, W; Ochola, S; Rowa, Y, 2009)	0.57
" Administration of radiolabeled AQ in combination with BSO exhibited significantly higher covalent binding to mice liver proteins than that observed after sole dosing of radiolabeled AQ."	( Metabolism-dependent hepatotoxicity of amodiaquine in glutathione-depleted mice. Aoki, T; Atsumi, R; Itokawa, K; Iwasaki, M; Izumi, T; Okazaki, O; Ono, C; Shimizu, S; Sudo, K, 2009)	0.62
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) data informing the optimum dosing of these drug regimens is limited, especially in children."	( Pharmacokinetics of artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine in children in Kampala, Uganda. Annerberg, A; Aweeka, F; Clark, TD; Dorsey, G; Drysdale, T; German, P; Kalyango, JN; Kamya, MR; Lindegardh, N; McGee, B; Mwesigwa, J; Parikh, S; Rosenthal, PJ, 2010)	0.6
"7% agreement between self-reported data and blood drug dosage for amodiaquine treatment."	( Self-reported data: a major tool to assess compliance with anti-malarial combination therapy among children in Senegal. Carlotti, MP; Lalou, R; Le Hesran, JY; Moulin, P; Sarrassat, S; Souares, A, 2009)	0.59
" We determined the association between amodiaquine dosage by body weight and mild adverse events (AEs) and investigated whether alternative age-based regimens could improve dosing accuracy and tolerability, using data from two trials of IPTc in Senegal, one in which AQ dose was determined by age and the other in which it was determined by weight category."	( Amodiaquine dosage and tolerability for intermittent preventive treatment to prevent malaria in children. Ba, EH; Cairns, M; Cames, C; Cisse, B; Gaye, O; Greenwood, BM; Milligan, PJ; Simondon, K; Sokhna, C; Trape, JF, 2010)	2.07
"To compare, in a phase IV trial, the efficacy and tolerability of artesunate-amodiaquine (Camoquin plus) dosed at 300 and 600 mg of amodiaquine per tablet to artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem) for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum uncomplicated malaria in Ivory Coast and Senegal."	( Efficacy and tolerability of artesunate-amodiaquine (Camoquin plus) versus artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem) against uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: multisite trial in Senegal and Ivory Coast. Djoman, K; Faye, B; Gaye, O; Ndiaye, JL; Ndiaye, PS; Offianan, AT; Penali, L; Sylla, K; Tine, RC; Touré, W, 2010)	0.86
" A new dosage form consisting of a fixed-dose combination of AS and AQ was found to have no effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters of AQ and DAQ."	( Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic considerations of amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine in Kenyan adults with uncomplicated malaria receiving artesunate-amodiaquine combination therapy. Carn, G; Jullien, V; Juma, E; Kiechel, JR; Obonyo, C; Ogutu, B, 2010)	0.6
" This results in dosing large number of animals and generating composite PK profile."	( A modified serial blood sampling technique and utility of dried-blood spot technique in estimation of blood concentration: application in mouse pharmacokinetics. Kurawattimath, V; Mandlekar, S; Mariappan, TT; Pocha, K; Trivedi, RK, 2012)	0.38
"The present monograph reviews data relevant to applying the biowaiver procedure for the approval of immediate release (IR) multisource solid dosage forms containing amodiaquine hydrochloride (ADQ) as the single active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)."	( Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: amodiaquine hydrochloride. Abrahamsson, B; Barends, DM; Dressman, JB; Groot, DW; Kopp, S; Nair, A; Polli, JE; Shah, VP, 2012)	0.81
" Products changed over time: 49% were a loose combination of individually-packaged products (available 2001-03), 42% co-blistered products (2004-09) and 9% a fixed-dose co-formulation (2006-09); dosing was age-based for 42%, weight-based for 58%."	( Anti-malarial drug safety information obtained through routine monitoring in a rural district of South-Western Senegal. Brasseur, P; Olliaro, PL; Vaillant, MT, 2012)	0.38
" We investigated the impact of different dosing strategies on the efficacy of this combination for the treatment of falciparum malaria."	( The effect of dosing strategies on the therapeutic efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine for uncomplicated malaria: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Adjuik, MA; Allan, R; Anvikar, AR; Ashley, EA; Ba, MS; Barennes, H; Barnes, KI; Bassat, Q; Baudin, E; Björkman, A; Bompart, F; Bonnet, M; Borrmann, S; Brasseur, P; Bukirwa, H; Checchi, F; Cot, M; D'Alessandro, U; Dahal, P; Deloron, P; Desai, M; Diap, G; Djimde, AA; Dorsey, G; Doumbo, OK; Espié, E; Etard, JF; Fanello, CI; Faucher, JF; Faye, B; Flegg, JA; Gaye, O; Gething, PW; González, R; Grandesso, F; Guerin, PJ; Guthmann, JP; Hamour, S; Hasugian, AR; Hay, SI; Humphreys, GS; Ibrahim, LM; Jullien, V; Juma, E; Kamya, MR; Karema, C; Kiechel, JR; Kremsner, PG; Krishna, S; Lameyre, V; Lee, SJ; Lell, B; Mårtensson, A; Massougbodji, A; Menan, H; Ménard, D; Menéndez, C; Meremikwu, M; Moreira, C; Nabasumba, C; Nambozi, M; Ndiaye, JL; Nikiema, F; Nsanzabana, C; Ntoumi, F; Ogutu, BR; Olliaro, P; Osorio, L; Ouédraogo, JB; Penali, LK; Pene, M; Pinoges, L; Piola, P; Price, RN; Roper, C; Rosenthal, PJ; Rwagacondo, CE; Same-Ekobo, A; Schramm, B; Seck, A; Sharma, B; Sibley, CH; Sinou, V; Sirima, SB; Smith, JJ; Smithuis, F; Somé, FA; Sow, D; Staedke, SG; Stepniewska, K; Swarthout, TD; Sylla, K; Talisuna, AO; Tarning, J; Taylor, WR; Temu, EA; Thwing, JI; Tine, RC; Tinto, H; Tjitra, E; Vaillant, MT; Valecha, N; Van den Broek, I; White, NJ; Yeka, A; Zongo, I, 2015)	0.65
" Fixed dose AS-AQ combinations ensure optimal dosing and provide higher antimalarial treatment efficacy than the loose individual tablets in all age categories."	( The effect of dosing strategies on the therapeutic efficacy of artesunate-amodiaquine for uncomplicated malaria: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Adjuik, MA; Allan, R; Anvikar, AR; Ashley, EA; Ba, MS; Barennes, H; Barnes, KI; Bassat, Q; Baudin, E; Björkman, A; Bompart, F; Bonnet, M; Borrmann, S; Brasseur, P; Bukirwa, H; Checchi, F; Cot, M; D'Alessandro, U; Dahal, P; Deloron, P; Desai, M; Diap, G; Djimde, AA; Dorsey, G; Doumbo, OK; Espié, E; Etard, JF; Fanello, CI; Faucher, JF; Faye, B; Flegg, JA; Gaye, O; Gething, PW; González, R; Grandesso, F; Guerin, PJ; Guthmann, JP; Hamour, S; Hasugian, AR; Hay, SI; Humphreys, GS; Ibrahim, LM; Jullien, V; Juma, E; Kamya, MR; Karema, C; Kiechel, JR; Kremsner, PG; Krishna, S; Lameyre, V; Lee, SJ; Lell, B; Mårtensson, A; Massougbodji, A; Menan, H; Ménard, D; Menéndez, C; Meremikwu, M; Moreira, C; Nabasumba, C; Nambozi, M; Ndiaye, JL; Nikiema, F; Nsanzabana, C; Ntoumi, F; Ogutu, BR; Olliaro, P; Osorio, L; Ouédraogo, JB; Penali, LK; Pene, M; Pinoges, L; Piola, P; Price, RN; Roper, C; Rosenthal, PJ; Rwagacondo, CE; Same-Ekobo, A; Schramm, B; Seck, A; Sharma, B; Sibley, CH; Sinou, V; Sirima, SB; Smith, JJ; Smithuis, F; Somé, FA; Sow, D; Staedke, SG; Stepniewska, K; Swarthout, TD; Sylla, K; Talisuna, AO; Tarning, J; Taylor, WR; Temu, EA; Thwing, JI; Tine, RC; Tinto, H; Tjitra, E; Vaillant, MT; Valecha, N; Van den Broek, I; White, NJ; Yeka, A; Zongo, I, 2015)	0.65
" Without new drugs to replace artemisinins, it is essential to define dosing strategies that maximize therapeutic efficacy, limit the spread of resistance, and preserve the clinical value of ACTs."	( Maximizing antimalarial efficacy and the importance of dosing strategies. Beeson, JG; Boeuf, P; Fowkes, FJ, 2015)	0.42
" Using a combination of CD3+, with either the Minilab or TruScan, to screen for medicine quality will allow for complete examination of both the dosage units and the packaging to decide whether it is authentic or counterfeit."	( Assessment of the effectiveness of the CD3+ tool to detect counterfeit and substandard anti-malarials. Batson, JS; Bempong, DK; Lukulay, PH; Ranieri, N; Satzger, RD; Verbois, L, 2016)	0.43
"AS-MQ and AL are more effective than DP and AS-AQ FDC in preventing gametocytaemia shortly after treatment, suggesting that the non-artemisinin partner drug or the timing of artemisinin dosing are important determinants of post-treatment gametocyte dynamics."	( Gametocyte carriage in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria following treatment with artemisinin combination therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. , 2016)	0.43
" This may soon change to recommending artemisinin-based combination therapies (standard duration of dosing = 3 days)."	( Animal Embryotoxicity Studies of Key Non-Artemisinin Antimalarials and Use in Women in the First Trimester. Clark, RL, 2017)	0.46
" Suboptimal dosing in children may lead to treatment failure and increased resistance."	( Population Pharmacokinetic Properties of Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine: a Pooled Analysis To Inform Optimal Dosing in African Children with Uncomplicated Malaria. Allen, EN; Barnes, KI; Bell, DJ; de Kock, M; Denti, P; Djimde, AA; Tarning, J; Tekete, MM; Ward, SA; Workman, L, 2018)	0.48
" All treatments were once-daily or twice-daily tablets or granules given orally and dosed by bodyweight over 3 days at the study centre."	( Pyronaridine-artesunate or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus current first-line therapies for repeated treatment of uncomplicated malaria: a randomised, multicentre, open-label, longitudinal, controlled, phase 3b/4 trial. , 2018)	0.48
" Results from simulations showed that current manufacturer dosing recommendations resulted in low desethylamodiaquine exposure in patients weighing 8 kg, 15 to 17 kg, 33 to 35 kg, and >62 kg compared to that in a typical 50-kg patient."	( Population Pharmacokinetics of the Antimalarial Amodiaquine: a Pooled Analysis To Optimize Dosing. Adjei, GO; Ali, AM; Aweeka, F; Barnes, KI; Denti, P; Jullien, V; Kiechel, JR; Kristensen, K; McGready, R; Mwesigwa, J; Penny, MA; Rijken, MJ; Sasi, P; Smith, TA; Stepniewska, K; Tarning, J; Workman, L, 2018)	0.95
"Maximum concentrations of AQ increased by 12% with the concurrent dosing of MD and by 85% in the group of mice pre-treated with MD."	( Influence of MAMA decoction, an Herbal Antimalarial, on the Pharmacokinetics of Amodiaquine in Mice. Adeagbo, BA; Adehin, A; Adepiti, AO; Bolaji, OO; Elujoba, AA, 2020)	0.79
" Using a similar 3-day antimalarial dosing strategy as for human patients, plasma concentrations of amodiaquine in healthy animals were similar to those found in humans."	( In Vivo Activity of Amodiaquine against Ebola Virus Infection. DeWald, LE; Dowling, WE; Dyall, J; Eakin, AE; Gahagen, J; Gerhardt, DM; Green, CE; Hensley, LE; Holbrook, MR; Honko, AN; Huzella, L; Jahrling, PB; Janosko, K; Johnson, JC; Mirsalis, JC; Osborn, BL; Postnikova, E; Tang, L; Torzewski, LM, 2019)	1.05
" Additionally, these models are able to identify patient characteristics that cause alterations in the expected PK/PD profiles and through simulations can recommend changes to dosing which compensate for the differences."	( Malaria PK/PD and the Role Pharmacometrics Can Play in the Global Health Arena: Malaria Treatment Regimens for Vulnerable Populations. Hughes, E; Jagannathan, P; Mohamed Ali, A; Savic, RM; Wallender, E, 2021)	0.62
" We also measured the spontaneous beating heart rate after cumulative dosing of amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine in isolated mouse atrial preparations."	( Cardiovascular concentration-effect relationships of amodiaquine and its metabolite desethylamodiaquine: Clinical and preclinical studies. Burton, RB; Capel, RA; Chan, XHS; Chotsiri, P; Cremer, MA; Hanafiah, M; Hanboonkunupakarn, B; Kiechel, JR; Lee, SJ; Ogutu, B; Pike, J; Tarning, J; Taylor, WRJ; White, NJ; Win, YN, 2023)	1.39
"Under-five malaria data for confirmed episodes, deaths, and number of children dosed per cycle of SMC campaign were extracted from the District Health Information Management System (DHIMS-2) for 2018-2019."	( Effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in reducing under-five malaria morbidity and mortality in the Savannah Region, Ghana. Abubakari, II; Adjei, MR; Baafi, JV; Buamah, M; Ibrahim, S; Kubio, C; Sadiq, A; Sarfo, A; Suuri, T, 2022)	0.72

Role	Description
antimalarial	A drug used in the treatment of malaria. Antimalarials are usually classified on the basis of their action against Plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human.
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug	An anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins.
drug allergen	Any drug which causes the onset of an allergic reaction.
prodrug	A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor	An EC 2.1.1.* (methyltransferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of histamine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.8).
anticoronaviral agent	Any antiviral agent which inhibits the activity of coronaviruses.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
phenols	Organic aromatic compounds having one or more hydroxy groups attached to a benzene or other arene ring.
aminoquinoline	Any member of the class of quinolines in which the quinoline skeleton is substituted by one or more amino or substituted-amino groups.
secondary amino compound	A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing two hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
tertiary amino compound	A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
organochlorine compound	An organochlorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chlorine bond.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
histamine degradation	4	24

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Smad3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.4467	0.0052	7.8098	29.0929	AID588855
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	16.9330	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.5637	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.7828	0.0366	19.6376	50.1187	AID2100
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	16.3601	5.8048	36.1306	65.1308	AID540253
snurportin-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	16.3601	5.8048	36.1306	65.1308	AID540253
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	16.3601	5.8048	16.9962	25.9290	AID540253
Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	Potency	9.2842	0.0096	10.5250	35.4813	AID1479145; AID1479148
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Histamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0186	0.0186	0.0465	0.0910	AID977610
Chain A, Histamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0186	0.0186	0.0465	0.0910	AID977610
Chain A, Histamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0186	0.0186	0.0465	0.0910	AID977610
Chain A, Histamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0186	0.0186	0.0465	0.0910	AID977610
Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	77.7600	0.1100	7.1903	10.0000	AID1449628
Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	4.7000	0.0005	3.8895	10.0000	AID1391090; AID1391091
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	IC50 (µMol)	5.1500	0.0002	2.4585	9.9600	AID1804171
Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.9900	0.0000	2.8005	10.0000	AID1210069
Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.9900	0.0120	2.5312	9.4700	AID1210069
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Spike glycoprotein	Betacoronavirus England 1	EC50 (µMol)	3.1933	0.0030	4.5755	9.8200	AID1804127
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Betacoronavirus England 1	EC50 (µMol)	3.1933	0.0030	4.5755	9.8200	AID1804127
Transmembrane protease serine 2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	3.1933	0.0030	4.5168	9.8200	AID1804127
Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	3.1933	0.0030	4.4874	9.8200	AID1804127
Replicase polyprotein 1a	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	EC50 (µMol)	3.1933	0.0030	4.6136	9.8200	AID1804127
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Human coronavirus 229E	EC50 (µMol)	3.1933	0.0030	4.6136	9.8200	AID1804127
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	EC50 (µMol)	3.1933	0.0030	4.4554	9.8200	AID1804127
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	EC50 (µMol)	3.1933	0.0030	4.1105	9.8200	AID1804127
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	44.7500	0.0100	2.8912	5.1000	AID1764403; AID1780508; AID1780511; AID1885207
Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	EC50 (µMol)	3.1933	0.0030	4.5755	9.8200	AID1804127
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	3.1933	0.0030	4.5755	9.8200	AID1804127
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)	Km	1.9000	0.0500	2.9825	5.7000	AID1209261
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
viral translation	Transmembrane protease serine 2	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Transmembrane protease serine 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein autoprocessing	Transmembrane protease serine 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of viral entry into host cell	Transmembrane protease serine 2	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compound	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitination	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathway	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cell	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasis	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretion	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic process	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expression	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cognition	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
suckling behavior	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activation involved in immune response	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular copper ion homeostasis	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytosis	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stress	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
Notch signaling pathway	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
axonogenesis	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memory	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
learning	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
mating behavior	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
axo-dendritic transport	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic process	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behavior	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
visual learning	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expression	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
microglia development	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
axon midline choice point recognition	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron remodeling	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite development	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of Wnt signaling pathway	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organization	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
forebrain development	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection development	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine production	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of multicellular organism growth	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron differentiation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic process	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of JNK cascade	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte activation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
collateral sprouting in absence of injury	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory response	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synapse structure or activity	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse organization	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular process controlling balance	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein metabolic process	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
NMDA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolic mRNA polyadenylation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to amyloid-beta	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynapse assembly	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amyloid fibril formation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formation	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection maintenance	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell migration	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system development	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
protein autoprocessing	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen catabolic process	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
zymogen activation	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
enkephalin processing	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
elastin catabolic process	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
macrophage apoptotic process	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidase activity	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modification	Replicase polyprotein 1a	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modification	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
lipid hydroxylation	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
organic acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid biosynthetic process	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylation	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
urea metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
monocarboxylic acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
amide metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid biosynthetic process	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylation	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron migration	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amphetamine	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behavior	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
post-embryonic development	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
habenula development	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stress	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine metabolic process	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine biosynthetic process	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron maturation	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
fat cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
general adaptation syndrome	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
canonical Wnt signaling pathway	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
dopaminergic neuron differentiation	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
midbrain dopaminergic neuron differentiation	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system neuron differentiation	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contraction	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
organic acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of signaling receptor activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytokine production	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin maturation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
tryptophan transport	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
viral life cycle	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of vasoconstriction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transmembrane transporter activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of amino acid transport	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
maternal process involved in female pregnancy	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane fusion	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel diameter maintenance	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
entry receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gap junction assembly	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac conduction	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Transmembrane protease serine 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Transmembrane protease serine 2	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type peptidase activity	Transmembrane protease serine 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
heparin binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
transition metal ion binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor ligand activity	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
PTB domain binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase binding	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activator activity	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
fibronectin binding	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen binding	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type peptidase activity	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
histone binding	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
proteoglycan binding	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
serpin family protein binding	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1a	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1a	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K63-linked deubiquitinase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1a	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K48-linked deubiquitinase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1a	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
5'-3' RNA helicase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K63-linked deubiquitinase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K48-linked deubiquitinase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA guanylyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
ISG15-specific peptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
5'-3' RNA helicase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
protein guanylyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activity	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear retinoid X receptor binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear glucocorticoid receptor binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
isomerase activity	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid epoxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate isomerase activity	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 5,6-epoxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxypeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
metallocarboxypeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-dipeptidase activity	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular region	Transmembrane protease serine 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Transmembrane protease serine 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Transmembrane protease serine 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Transmembrane protease serine 2	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculus	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculus	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Bile salt export pump	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope lumen	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial inner membrane	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi lumen	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi-associated vesicle	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated pit	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell junction	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
growth cone	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule lumen	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junction	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome lumen	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network membrane	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
ciliary rootlet	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spine	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryon	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
apical part of cell	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle midzone	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Amyloid-beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
multivesicular body	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
endolysosome lumen	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
chromaffin granule	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomal lumen	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrix	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle lumen	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome	Procathepsin L	Homo sapiens (human)
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane	Replicase polyprotein 1a	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 2C8	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 2C9	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speck	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 2J2	Homo sapiens (human)
virion membrane	Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cilium	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membrane	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1808273	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in SKNBE(2) cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter-gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1210073	Inhibition of CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes using omeprazole substrate by LC-MS/MS method	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1	Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1633701	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infected in mouse assessed as suppression in parasitemia at 11.1 mg/kg, po dosed once daily on days 0, 1, and 2 days post infection measured on day 5 post infection relative to untreated control	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-09, Volume: 10, Issue:5	Hybridization of Fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) with Pyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of FAQ-Pyrimidines.
AID1241104	Resistance index, ratio of IC50 for multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 to IC50 for Plasmodium falciparum W2	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1633717	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infected in mouse assessed as parasitemia cure at 33.3 mg/kg, po dosed once daily on days 0, 1, and 2 days post infection measured on day 28 post infection	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-09, Volume: 10, Issue:5	Hybridization of Fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) with Pyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of FAQ-Pyrimidines.
AID1247011	Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Dd2 infected in human erythrocyte assessed as growth inhibition by SYBR Green-1 assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	Exploring the 3-piperidin-4-yl-1H-indole scaffold as a novel antimalarial chemotype.
AID1808457	Modulation of full length human NOR1 expressed in SK-N-BE(2) cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1533533	Induction of lysosomotropism in human HeLa cells infected with Ebolavirus assessed as increase in fluorescence intensity of acid compartments at 10 uM for 1 hr by Lysosensor DND189 staining based assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162	Second generation of diazachrysenes: Protection of Ebola virus infected mice and mechanism of action.
AID1327032	Antiplasmodial activity against erythrocytic stage of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected in BALB/c mouse assessed as inhibition of parasitemia at 1 mg/kg/day, ip administered 3 hrs post infection for 4 days by Giemsa staining based mic	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-21, Volume: 122	4-Aminoquinoline derivatives: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant parasites.
AID1626158	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infected in mouse assessed as inhibition of parasitemia at 50 mg/kg, po administered as single dose measured on day 6 post drug exposure relative to untreated control	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14	ICI 56,780 Optimization: Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 7-(2-Phenoxyethoxy)-4(1H)-quinolones with Antimalarial Activity.
AID1247015	Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for human HepG2A16 cells to EC50 for chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in human erythrocyte	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	Exploring the 3-piperidin-4-yl-1H-indole scaffold as a novel antimalarial chemotype.
AID1241109	Inhibition of beta haematin formation after 5 to 6 hrs by pyridine-ferrichrome method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1241128	Antimalarial activity against GFP-transfected Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected in mouse assessed as mean survival days at 10 mg/kg, po qd administered for 4 days	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1808484	Modulation of Gal4-fused VP16 expressed in SKNBE(2) cells co-transfected with UAS repoter gene assessed as increase in luciferase activity upto 15 uM incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1808472	Modulation of full length human Nur77 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1217705	Time dependent inhibition of CYP2B6 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1764403	Agonist activity at Gal4-fused human Nurr1 LBD expressed in HEK293T cells co-expressing firefly luciferase assessed as luciferase activity incubated for 12 to 14 hrs by hybrid reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-11, Volume: 64, Issue:5	Fragment-like Chloroquinolineamines Activate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1 and Elucidate Activation Mechanisms.
AID1808439	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in HEK293T cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as decrease in luciferase activity at 1.95 to 125 uM incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1241123	Antimalarial activity against GFP-transfected Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected in mouse assessed as reduction in parasitemia at 50 mg/kg, po qd administered for 4 days measured on day 4 post last dose by flow cytometric analysis relative to control	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1894308	Inhibition of Beta-hematin assessed as bis-pyridyl-Fe(III)PPIX complex formation incubated for 5 hrs by NP40 detergent-mediated colorimetric assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-11, Volume: 64, Issue:5	Novel Antimalarial Tetrazoles and Amides Active against the Hemoglobin Degradation Pathway in
AID1808460	Modulation of full length human Nur77 expressed in HEK293 cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1217704	Time dependent inhibition of CYP1A2 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1327033	Antiplasmodial activity against erythrocytic stage of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected in BALB/c mouse assessed as inhibition of parasitemia at 5 mg/kg/day, ip administered 3 hrs post infection for 4 days by Giemsa staining based mic	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-21, Volume: 122	4-Aminoquinoline derivatives: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant parasites.
AID1808451	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in HEK293T cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as decrease in luciferase activity at 1.95 to 125 uM incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gene	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1631454	Cytotoxicity against BHK21 cells after 24 hrs by CellTiter-Glo luminescent assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-23, Volume: 59, Issue:12	The Medicinal Chemistry of Dengue Virus.
AID1780508	Agonist activity at Gal4-fused human Nurr1 LBD expressed in HEK293T cells co-expressing firefly luciferase assessed as luciferase activity by hybrid reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-28, Volume: 64, Issue:20	Development and Profiling of Inverse Agonist Tools for the Neuroprotective Transcription Factor Nurr1.
AID1217706	Time dependent inhibition of CYP2C9 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1599416	Antiviral activity against DENV2 infected in BHK-21 cells assessed as viral replication after 24 to 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Recent update on anti-dengue drug discovery.
AID1247013	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2A16 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	Exploring the 3-piperidin-4-yl-1H-indole scaffold as a novel antimalarial chemotype.
AID1210071	Inhibition of CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes using testosterone substrate by LC-MS/MS method	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1	Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1808440	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in HEK293T cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as decrease in luciferase activity at 1.95 to 125 uM incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1633700	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infected in mouse assessed as suppression in parasitemia at 33.3 mg/kg, po dosed once daily on days 0, 1, and 2 days post infection measured on day 5 post infection relative to untreated control	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-09, Volume: 10, Issue:5	Hybridization of Fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) with Pyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of FAQ-Pyrimidines.
AID1209248	Drug metabolism in human liver microsomes assessed as intrinsic clearance per mg protein by optimal design approach	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12	Optimized experimental design for the estimation of enzyme kinetic parameters: an experimental evaluation.
AID1327034	Antiplasmodial activity against erythrocytic stage of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected in BALB/c mouse assessed as inhibition of parasitemia at 10 mg/kg/day, ip administered 3 hrs post infection for 4 days by Giemsa staining based mi	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-21, Volume: 122	4-Aminoquinoline derivatives: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant parasites.
AID1808462	Modulation of full length human Nur77 expressed in HEK293 cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assa	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1810296	In vivo antimalarial activity against blood stage Plasmodium berghei transfected with GFP infected in BALB/c mouse assessed as supression of parasitemia at 10 mg/kg, po administered once daily starting from day 3 to 5 post infection and measured at day 6	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-27, Volume: 64, Issue:10	Aminoalkoxycarbonyloxymethyl Ether Prodrugs with a pH-Triggered Release Mechanism: A Case Study Improving the Solubility, Bioavailability, and Efficacy of Antimalarial 4(1
AID1435430	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected in mouse assessed as reduction in parasitemia at 5 mg/kg, po administered daily for 3 consecutive days starting 24 hrs post inoculum challenge containing parasitized red blood cells measured o	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Evaluation of 7-arylaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as anti-Plasmodium falciparum, antimalarial, and Pf-dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AID1435432	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected in mouse assessed as reduction in parasitemia at 5 mg/kg, po administered daily for 3 consecutive days starting 24 hrs post inoculum challenge containing parasitized red blood cells measured o	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Evaluation of 7-arylaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as anti-Plasmodium falciparum, antimalarial, and Pf-dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AID1633712	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infected in mouse assessed as mean survival time at 33.3 mg/kg, po dosed once daily on days 0, 1, and 2 days post infection measured on day 28 post infection (Rvb = 13.2 days)	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-09, Volume: 10, Issue:5	Hybridization of Fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) with Pyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of FAQ-Pyrimidines.
AID1209247	Drug metabolism in human liver microsomes assessed as intrinsic clearance per mg protein by multiple depletion curves method	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12	Optimized experimental design for the estimation of enzyme kinetic parameters: an experimental evaluation.
AID1391090	Modulation of human wild-type APP695 expressed in SH-SY5Y cells assessed as inhibition of amyloid beta (1 to 40 residues) production measured after 24 hrs	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 26, Issue:8	New phenylaniline derivatives as modulators of amyloid protein precursor metabolism.
AID1808281	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in HEK293T cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter-gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1808279	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in HEK293T cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter-gene ass	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1247014	Selectivity index, ratio of EC50 for human HepG2A16 cells to EC50 for chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum Dd2 infected in human erythrocyte	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	Exploring the 3-piperidin-4-yl-1H-indole scaffold as a novel antimalarial chemotype.
AID1209250	Drug metabolism in human liver microsomes by multiple depletion curves method	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12	Optimized experimental design for the estimation of enzyme kinetic parameters: an experimental evaluation.
AID1808458	Modulation of full length human NOR1 expressed in SK-N-BE(2) cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1808278	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter-gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1210069	Inhibition of human recombinant CYP2J2 assessed as reduction in astemizole O-demethylation by LC-MS/MS method	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1	Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1808477	Modulation of full length human NOR1 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1633724	Half life human liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-09, Volume: 10, Issue:5	Hybridization of Fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) with Pyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of FAQ-Pyrimidines.
AID1808466	Modulation of full length human NOR1 expressed in HEK293T cells co-transfected with with RXRalpha luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assa	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1808275	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter-gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1808469	Modulation of full length human Nur77 expressed in SK-N-BE(2) cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1489619	Antimalarial activity against blood stage form of Plasmodium berghei infected in mouse assessed as inhibition of parasitemia at 50 mg/kg, po administered on day 1 post infection measured on day 3 by scouting assay relative to control	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-22, Volume: 61, Issue:4	Design and Synthesis of Orally Bioavailable Piperazine Substituted 4(1H)-Quinolones with Potent Antimalarial Activity: Structure-Activity and Structure-Property Relationship Studies.
AID1631453	Antiviral activity against Dengue virus 2 infected in BHK21 cells assessed as reduction in virus replication after 24 hrs by renilla luciferase reporter gene assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-23, Volume: 59, Issue:12	The Medicinal Chemistry of Dengue Virus.
AID1808300	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in HEK293T cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter-gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1529187	Binding affinity to human serum albumin assessed as change in dissociation constant pKa2 of compound in aqueous medium to presence of human serum albumin by UV-pH titration based spectrophotometric analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-27, Volume: 63, Issue:4	Human Serum Albumin Binding in a Vial: A Novel UV-pH Titration Method To Assist Drug Design.
AID1391092	Modulation of human wild-type APP695 expressed in SH-SY5Y cells assessed as increase in CTFalpha level at 3 uM measured after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to chloroquine	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 26, Issue:8	New phenylaniline derivatives as modulators of amyloid protein precursor metabolism.
AID1217709	Time dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 (unknown origin) at 100 uM by LC/MS system	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1631452	Antiviral activity against Dengue virus 2 infected in BHK21 cells assessed after 3 to 5 days by crystal violet staining based plaque assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-23, Volume: 59, Issue:12	The Medicinal Chemistry of Dengue Virus.
AID1529186	Binding affinity to human serum albumin assessed as change in dissociation constant pKa1 of compound in aqueous medium to presence of human serum albumin by UV-pH titration based spectrophotometric analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-27, Volume: 63, Issue:4	Human Serum Albumin Binding in a Vial: A Novel UV-pH Titration Method To Assist Drug Design.
AID1808282	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in HEK293T cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter-gene assa	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1808437	Cytotoxicity against human SKNBE2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 125 uM incubated for 18 hrs by Cell Titer Glo assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1808441	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as decrease in luciferase activity at 1.95 to 125 uM incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gene as	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1808277	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter-gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1808476	Modulation of full length human NOR1 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1209259	Drug metabolism in human liver microsomes assessed as maximum rate of reaction per mg protein by optimal design approach	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12	Optimized experimental design for the estimation of enzyme kinetic parameters: an experimental evaluation.
AID1808473	Modulation of full length human Nur77 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1572679	Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant and mefloquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum W2 ring stage form infected in human erythrocytes by spectrophotometric analysis	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 03-15, Volume: 27, Issue:6	New hybrid trifluoromethylquinolines as antiplasmodium agents.
AID1808276	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter-gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1780511	Agonist activity at Gal4-fused human Nurr1 LBD expressed in HEK293T cells co-expressing firefly luciferase assessed as luciferase activity in presence of 5-(Pyridin-3-yl)-1-methylindole-3-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester by hybrid reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-28, Volume: 64, Issue:20	Development and Profiling of Inverse Agonist Tools for the Neuroprotective Transcription Factor Nurr1.
AID1449628	Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in baculovirus transfected fall armyworm Sf21 cell membranes vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP-dependent [3H]-taurocholate transport into vesicles incubated for 5 mins by Topcount based rapid filtration method	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12	Mitigating the inhibition of human bile salt export pump by drugs: opportunities provided by physicochemical property modulation, in silico modeling, and structural modification.
AID1209260	Drug metabolism in assessed as human CYP2C8-mediated maximum rate of reaction per mg protein	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12	Optimized experimental design for the estimation of enzyme kinetic parameters: an experimental evaluation.
AID1764410	Agonist activity at Gal4-fused human Nurr1 LBD expressed in HEK293T cells co-expressing renilla luciferase assessed as renilla luciferase activity up to 300 uM incubated for 12 to 14 hrs by hybrid reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-11, Volume: 64, Issue:5	Fragment-like Chloroquinolineamines Activate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1 and Elucidate Activation Mechanisms.
AID1808442	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as decrease in luciferase activity at 1.95 to 125 uM incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gene a	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1688326	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 asexual forms incubated for 72 hrs by luminescence method	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 188	Current progress in antimalarial pharmacotherapy and multi-target drug discovery.
AID1217728	Intrinsic clearance for reactive metabolites formation per mg of protein based on cytochrome P450 (unknown origin) inactivation rate by TDI assay	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1808475	Modulation of full length human NOR1 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1533530	Antiviral activity against VSV pseudotyped Ebolavirus Mayinga expressing GFP infected in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection at 10 uM pre-incubated for 2 hrs followed by viral infection and measured after 8 hrs by cell mask deep red	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162	Second generation of diazachrysenes: Protection of Ebola virus infected mice and mechanism of action.
AID1808459	Modulation of full length human Nur77 expressed in HEK293 cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1247012	Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 infected in human erythrocyte assessed as growth inhibition by SYBR Green-1 assay	2015	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-18, Volume: 102	Exploring the 3-piperidin-4-yl-1H-indole scaffold as a novel antimalarial chemotype.
AID1885207	Agonist activity at Nurr1 ligand binding domain (unknown origin) measured by Gal4-based reporter gene assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 65, Issue:14	Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Nurr1 Modulators: An Emerging Strategy in Neurodegeneration.
AID1808454	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in SK-N-BE(2) cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity at 1.95 to 125 uM incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter g	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1391091	Modulation of human wild-type APP695 expressed in SH-SY5Y cells assessed as inhibition of amyloid beta (1 to 42 residues) production measured after 24 hrs by ELISA	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 26, Issue:8	New phenylaniline derivatives as modulators of amyloid protein precursor metabolism.
AID1808456	Modulation of full length human NOR1 expressed in SK-N-BE(2) cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1160941	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei ANKA expressing GFP infected in Balb/c mouse assessed as inhibition of parasitemia at 50 mg/kg administered as single dose on day 1 of infection measured on day 3 post exposure relative to control	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 57, Issue:21	Orally bioavailable 6-chloro-7-methoxy-4(1H)-quinolones efficacious against multiple stages of Plasmodium.
AID1209251	Drug metabolism in human liver microsomes by optimal design approach	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12	Optimized experimental design for the estimation of enzyme kinetic parameters: an experimental evaluation.
AID1633705	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infected in mouse assessed as suppression in parasitemia at 11.1 mg/kg, po dosed once daily on days 0, 1, and 2 days post infection measured on day 7 post infection relative to untreated control	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-09, Volume: 10, Issue:5	Hybridization of Fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) with Pyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of FAQ-Pyrimidines.
AID1212314	Drug uptake in lysosomes of human Fa2N-4 cells assessed as inhibition of LysoTracker Red fluorescence after 30 mins	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4	Lysosomal sequestration (trapping) of lipophilic amine (cationic amphiphilic) drugs in immortalized human hepatocytes (Fa2N-4 cells).
AID1529184	Protein binding in immobilized human serum albumin by HPLC analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-27, Volume: 63, Issue:4	Human Serum Albumin Binding in a Vial: A Novel UV-pH Titration Method To Assist Drug Design.
AID1808474	Modulation of full length human Nur77 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1435420	Antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 infected in human A+ erythrocytes assessed as inhibition of [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation after 42 hrs by beta counting method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Evaluation of 7-arylaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as anti-Plasmodium falciparum, antimalarial, and Pf-dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AID1391089	Cytotoxicity against human SH-SY5Y cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 26, Issue:8	New phenylaniline derivatives as modulators of amyloid protein precursor metabolism.
AID1435425	Inhibition of recombinant human DHODH assessed as residual activity at 50 uM using L-dihydroorotate as substrate by DCIP-based colorimetric assay relative to control	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Evaluation of 7-arylaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as anti-Plasmodium falciparum, antimalarial, and Pf-dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AID1217727	Intrinsic clearance for reactive metabolites formation per mg of protein in human liver microsomes based on [3H]GSH adduct formation rate at 100 uM by [3H]GSH trapping assay	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1160942	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei ANKA expressing GFP infected in Balb/c mouse assessed as inhibition of parasitemia at 50 mg/kg administered as single dose on day 1 of infection measured on day 6 post exposure relative to control	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 57, Issue:21	Orally bioavailable 6-chloro-7-methoxy-4(1H)-quinolones efficacious against multiple stages of Plasmodium.
AID1558340	Antiviral activity against Zika virus PLCal_ZV infected in human Neural progenitor cells	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-23, Volume: 63, Issue:2	Drugs for the Treatment of Zika Virus Infection.
AID1808483	Modulation of Gal4-fused VP16 expressed in SKNBE(2) cells co-transfected with UAS repoter gene assessed as decrease in luciferase activity at 125 uM incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1628566	Inhibition of beta-hematin	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 59, Issue:13	Identification and SAR Evaluation of Hemozoin-Inhibiting Benzamides Active against Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1808455	Binding affinity to recombinant full length N-terminal His-tagged Nurr1 LBD (353 to 598 residue) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by NMR spectroscopy analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1241108	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for CHO cells to IC50 for chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum NF54	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1808467	Modulation of full length human NOR1 expressed in SK-N-BE(2) cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1489620	Antimalarial activity against blood stage form of Plasmodium berghei infected in mouse assessed as inhibition of parasitemia at 50 mg/kg, po administered on day 1 post infection measured on day 6 by scouting assay relative to control	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-22, Volume: 61, Issue:4	Design and Synthesis of Orally Bioavailable Piperazine Substituted 4(1H)-Quinolones with Potent Antimalarial Activity: Structure-Activity and Structure-Property Relationship Studies.
AID1571717	Inhibition of beta-hematin formation assessed as reduction in hemozoin formation incubated for 5 hrs by NP40 detergent-based assay	2019	MedChemComm, Mar-01, Volume: 10, Issue:3	Incorporation of an intramolecular hydrogen bonding motif in the side chain of antimalarial benzimidazoles.
AID1435428	Antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 infected in human A+ erythrocytes after 48 hrs by SYBR Green based fluorescence assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Evaluation of 7-arylaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as anti-Plasmodium falciparum, antimalarial, and Pf-dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AID1209257	Drug metabolism in assessed as human CYP2C8-mediated intrinsic clearance per mg protein	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12	Optimized experimental design for the estimation of enzyme kinetic parameters: an experimental evaluation.
AID1808471	Modulation of full length human Nur77 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1210014	Inhibition of recombinant CYP2J2 (unknown origin)-mediated astemizole O-demethylation assessed as remaining activity at 30 uM after 5 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis relative to control	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 40, Issue:5	Identifying a selective substrate and inhibitor pair for the evaluation of CYP2J2 activity.
AID1241127	Antimalarial activity against GFP-transfected Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected in mouse assessed as mean survival days at 50 mg/kg, po	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1764404	Agonist activity at Gal4-fused human Nurr1 LBD expressed in HEK293T cells co-expressing firefly luciferase assessed as fold increase luciferase activity incubated for 12 to 14 hrs by hybrid reporter gene assay relative to control	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-11, Volume: 64, Issue:5	Fragment-like Chloroquinolineamines Activate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1 and Elucidate Activation Mechanisms.
AID1212341	Cytotoxicity against human Fa2N-4 cells by lactate dehydrogenase assay	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4	Lysosomal sequestration (trapping) of lipophilic amine (cationic amphiphilic) drugs in immortalized human hepatocytes (Fa2N-4 cells).
AID1327030	Antiplasmodial activity against erythrocytic stage of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected in ip dosed BALB/c mouse assessed as reduction in parasitemia administered 3 hrs post infection for 4 days by Giemsa staining based microscopic as	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-21, Volume: 122	4-Aminoquinoline derivatives: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant parasites.
AID1808470	Modulation of full length human Nur77 expressed in SK-N-BE(2) cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1808464	Modulation of full length human NOR1 expressed in HEK293 cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1209261	Drug metabolism in assessed as human CYP2C8-mediated metabolism	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12	Optimized experimental design for the estimation of enzyme kinetic parameters: an experimental evaluation.
AID1241103	Antiplasmodial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 infected in human erythrocytes after 48 hrs by [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1241102	Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum W2 infected in human erythrocytes after 48 hrs by [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1435429	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected in mouse assessed as reduction in parasitemia at 5 mg/kg, po administered daily for 3 consecutive days starting 24 hrs post inoculum challenge containing parasitized red blood cells measured o	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Evaluation of 7-arylaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as anti-Plasmodium falciparum, antimalarial, and Pf-dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AID1633704	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infected in mouse assessed as suppression in parasitemia at 33.3 mg/kg, po dosed once daily on days 0, 1, and 2 days post infection measured on day 7 post infection relative to untreated control	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-09, Volume: 10, Issue:5	Hybridization of Fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) with Pyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of FAQ-Pyrimidines.
AID1626157	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infected in mouse assessed as inhibition of parasitemia at 50 mg/kg, po administered as single dose measured on day 3 post drug exposure relative to untreated control	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-28, Volume: 59, Issue:14	ICI 56,780 Optimization: Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 7-(2-Phenoxyethoxy)-4(1H)-quinolones with Antimalarial Activity.
AID1808452	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in SK-N-BE(2) cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity at 1.95 to 125 uM incubated for 18 hrs by lucifera	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1241126	Antimalarial activity against GFP-transfected Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected in mouse assessed as mean survival days at 50 mg/kg, po qd administered for 4 days	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1808478	Modulation of full length human NOR1 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1217729	Intrinsic clearance for reactive metabolites formation assessed as summation of [3H]GSH adduct formation rate-based reactive metabolites formation and cytochrome P450 (unknown origin) inactivation rate-based reactive metabolites formation	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1808461	Modulation of full length human Nur77 expressed in HEK293 cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1808465	Modulation of full length human NOR1 expressed in HEK293 cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1217714	Time dependent inhibition of CYP2C8 (unknown origin) at 30 uM by LC/MS system	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1241124	Antimalarial activity against GFP-transfected Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected in mouse assessed as reduction in parasitemia at 50 mg/kg, po by flow cytometric analysis relative to control	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1160948	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei ANKA expressing GFP infected in Balb/c mouse assessed as inhibition of parasitemia at 30 mg/kg, po qd administered as single dose on day 3 to 5 of exposure measured on day 6 post exposure by in vivo thomson	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 57, Issue:21	Orally bioavailable 6-chloro-7-methoxy-4(1H)-quinolones efficacious against multiple stages of Plasmodium.
AID1808450	Modulation of full length human Nur77 expressed in SK-N-BE(2) cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1210013	Inhibition of recombinant CYP2J2 (unknown origin)-mediated terfenadine hydroxylation assessed as remaining activity at 30 uM after 5 mins by LC-MS analysis relative to control	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 40, Issue:5	Identifying a selective substrate and inhibitor pair for the evaluation of CYP2J2 activity.
AID1808280	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in SKNBE(2) cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter-gene ass	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1241107	Cytotoxicity against CHO cells by MTT assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1808274	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in SKNBE(2) cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter-gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1808453	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in HEK293T cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as decrease in luciferase activity at 1.95 to 125 uM incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gen	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1435431	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected in mouse assessed as reduction in parasitemia at 5 mg/kg, po administered daily for 3 consecutive days starting 24 hrs post inoculum challenge containing parasitized red blood cells measured o	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Evaluation of 7-arylaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as anti-Plasmodium falciparum, antimalarial, and Pf-dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AID1808438	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in SK-N-BE(2) cells co-transfected with luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity at 1.95 to 125 uM incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1241125	Antimalarial activity against GFP-transfected Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected in mouse assessed as reduction in parasitemia at 10 mg/kg, po qd administered for 4 days measured on day 4 post last dose by flow cytometric analysis relative to control	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1217710	Covalent binding in human liver microsomes measured per mg of protein using radiolabelled compound at 10 uM after 1 hr incubation by liquid scintillation counting	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1533537	Induction of lysosomotropism in human HeLa cells infected with Ebolavirus assessed as increase in lysosome concentration in juxtanuclear region at 10 uM for 2 hrs by acridine orange staining based assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162	Second generation of diazachrysenes: Protection of Ebola virus infected mice and mechanism of action.
AID1629021	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei NK65 ANKA infected in Swiss Webster mouse assessed as reduction in parasitemia at 5 mg/kg, po by Peters test	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17	Hit-to-Lead Studies for the Antimalarial Tetrahydroisoquinolone Carboxanilides.
AID1810330	In vivo antimalarial activity against blood stage Plasmodium berghei transfected with GFP infected in BALB/c mouse assessed as supression of parasitemia at 10 mg/kg, po administered thrice daily started from 3 days post infection and measured on day 6 by	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-27, Volume: 64, Issue:10	Aminoalkoxycarbonyloxymethyl Ether Prodrugs with a pH-Triggered Release Mechanism: A Case Study Improving the Solubility, Bioavailability, and Efficacy of Antimalarial 4(1
AID1633709	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infected in mouse assessed as host survival at 11.1 mg/kg, po dosed once daily on days 0, 1, and 2 days post infection measured on day 28 post infection relative to untreated control	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-09, Volume: 10, Issue:5	Hybridization of Fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) with Pyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of FAQ-Pyrimidines.
AID1533540	Inhibition of cathepsin B activity in human HeLa cells at 10 uM after 12 hrs by magic red substrate based fluorescence assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162	Second generation of diazachrysenes: Protection of Ebola virus infected mice and mechanism of action.
AID1217707	Time dependent inhibition of CYP2C19 in human liver microsomes at 100 uM by LC/MS system	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1633708	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infected in mouse assessed as host survival at 33.3 mg/kg, po dosed once daily on days 0, 1, and 2 days post infection measured on day 28 post infection relative to untreated control	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-09, Volume: 10, Issue:5	Hybridization of Fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) with Pyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of FAQ-Pyrimidines.
AID1808448	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NBRE response element assessed as decrease in luciferase activity at 1.95 to 125 uM incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase rep	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1435426	Inhibition of N-terminally truncated Plasmodium falciparum SUMO-tagged DHODH (159 to 569 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using L-dihydroorotate as substrate by DCIP-based colorimetric assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Evaluation of 7-arylaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as anti-Plasmodium falciparum, antimalarial, and Pf-dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AID1808468	Modulation of full length human Nur77 expressed in SK-N-BE(2) cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 by luciferase reporter gene assa	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1217711	Metabolic activation in human liver microsomes assessed as [3H]GSH adduct formation rate measured per mg of protein at 100 uM by [3H]GSH trapping assay	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1435427	Inhibition of N-terminally truncated Plasmodium falciparum SUMO-tagged DHODH (159 to 569 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) assessed as residual activity at 50 uM using L-dihydroorotate as substrate by DCIP-based colorimetric assay relative	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	Evaluation of 7-arylaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as anti-Plasmodium falciparum, antimalarial, and Pf-dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AID1210072	Inhibition of CYP2C9 in human liver microsomes using tolbutamide substrate by LC-MS/MS method	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1	Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1210074	Inhibition of CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes using phenacetin substrate by LC-MS/MS method	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1	Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID1654633	Substrate activity at aldehyde oxidase in human liver cytosol assessed as oxidative metabolite formation at 10 uM measured after 3 hrs by UPLC/Q-TOF MS analysis	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-25, Volume: 63, Issue:12	Revisiting Aldehyde Oxidase Mediated Metabolism in Drug-like Molecules: An Improved Computational Model.
AID1160960	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei ANKA expressing GFP infected in Balb/c mouse assessed as mouse cured from disease at 30 mg/kg, po qd administered as single dose on day 3 to 5 of exposure measured on day 30 post exposure by in vivo thomson	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 57, Issue:21	Orally bioavailable 6-chloro-7-methoxy-4(1H)-quinolones efficacious against multiple stages of Plasmodium.
AID1633725	Intrinsic clearance human liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-09, Volume: 10, Issue:5	Hybridization of Fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) with Pyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of FAQ-Pyrimidines.
AID1633713	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei infected in mouse assessed as mean survival time at 11.1 mg/kg, po dosed once daily on days 0, 1, and 2 days post infection measured on day 28 post infection (Rvb = 13.2 days)	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, May-09, Volume: 10, Issue:5	Hybridization of Fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) with Pyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of FAQ-Pyrimidines.
AID1808272	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in SKNBE(2) cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter-gene as	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1212315	Drug uptake in lysosomes of human Fa2N-4 cells assessed as inhibition of LysoTracker Red fluorescence at 500 uM after 30 mins relative to control	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 41, Issue:4	Lysosomal sequestration (trapping) of lipophilic amine (cationic amphiphilic) drugs in immortalized human hepatocytes (Fa2N-4 cells).
AID1160954	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei ANKA expressing GFP infected in Balb/c mouse assessed as mouse survival at 30 mg/kg, po qd administered as single dose on day 3 to 5 of exposure measured on day 6 post exposure by in vivo thomson test relat	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 57, Issue:21	Orally bioavailable 6-chloro-7-methoxy-4(1H)-quinolones efficacious against multiple stages of Plasmodium.
AID1808449	Modulation of full length human Nurr1 expressed in PC12 cells co-transfected with RXRalpha and luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as decrease in luciferase activity at 1.95 to 125 uM incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase re	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1241105	Antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum NF54 infected in human erythrocytes after 48 hrs by [3H]-hypoxanthine incorporation assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1217723	Time dependent inhibition of CYP2D6 (unknown origin) at 10 uM by LC/MS system	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7	Combination of GSH trapping and time-dependent inhibition assays as a predictive method of drugs generating highly reactive metabolites.
AID1241106	Resistance index, ratio of IC50 for multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 to IC50 for chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum NF54	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 23, Issue:17	Antimalarial benzoheterocyclic 4-aminoquinolines: Structure-activity relationship, in vivo evaluation, mechanistic and bioactivation studies.
AID1209258	Drug metabolism in human liver microsomes assessed as maximum rate of reaction per mg protein by multiple depletion curves method	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12	Optimized experimental design for the estimation of enzyme kinetic parameters: an experimental evaluation.
AID1558337	Antiviral activity against Zika virus PLCal_ZV infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in viral titer after 1 hr by plaque assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-23, Volume: 63, Issue:2	Drugs for the Treatment of Zika Virus Infection.
AID1808463	Modulation of full length human NOR1 expressed in HEK293T cells co-transfected with RXRalpha luciferase reporter plasmid harboring NurRE response element assessed as increase in luciferase activity incubated for 18 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-24, Volume: 63, Issue:24	Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.
AID1327031	Antiplasmodial activity against erythrocytic stage of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei ANKA infected in BALB/c mouse assessed as inhibition of parasitemia at 0.1 mg/kg/day, ip administered 3 hrs post infection for 4 days by Giemsa staining based m	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-21, Volume: 122	4-Aminoquinoline derivatives: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant parasites.
AID1391093	Modulation of human wild-type APP695 expressed in SH-SY5Y cells assessed as increase in AICD level at 3 uM measured after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis relative to chloroquine	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-01, Volume: 26, Issue:8	New phenylaniline derivatives as modulators of amyloid protein precursor metabolism.
AID1210070	Inhibition of CYP2D6 in human liver microsomes using bufuralol substrate by LC-MS/MS method	2013	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1	Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID602156	Novartis GNF Liver Stage Dataset: Malariabox Annotation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Dec-09, Volume: 334, Issue:6061	Imaging of Plasmodium liver stages to drive next-generation antimalarial drug discovery.
AID1804127	No assay is provided from Article 10.1002/med.21724: \\The recent outbreaks of human coronaviruses: A medicinal chemistry perspective.\\	2021	Medicinal research reviews, 01, Volume: 41, Issue:1	The recent outbreaks of human coronaviruses: A medicinal chemistry perspective.
AID1799778	Radiochemical Assay from Article 10.1074/jbc.M111.290619: \\Thermodynamic evaluation of ligand binding in the plant-like phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus.\\	2011	The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-04, Volume: 286, Issue:44	Thermodynamic evaluation of ligand binding in the plant-like phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus.
AID1804171	DRC analysis by immunofluorescence from Article 10.1128/AAC.00819-20: \\Identification of Antiviral Drug Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 from FDA-Approved Drugs.\\	2020	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 06-23, Volume: 64, Issue:7	Identification of Antiviral Drug Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 from FDA-Approved Drugs.
AID1811	Experimentally measured binding affinity data derived from PDB	2005	Journal of molecular biology, Oct-21, Volume: 353, Issue:2	Structural basis for inhibition of histamine N-methyltransferase by diverse drugs.
AID977610	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2005	Journal of molecular biology, Oct-21, Volume: 353, Issue:2	Structural basis for inhibition of histamine N-methyltransferase by diverse drugs.
AID1745854	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on HEK293 viability as a counter-qHTS vs the C. elegans viability qHTS	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1745855	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on the primary C. elegans qHTS viability assay	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	398 (29.07)	18.7374
1990's	114 (8.33)	18.2507
2000's	351 (25.64)	29.6817
2010's	385 (28.12)	24.3611
2020's	121 (8.84)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	315 (21.65%)	5.53%
Reviews	84 (5.77%)	6.00%
Case Studies	40 (2.75%)	4.05%
Observational	4 (0.27%)	0.25%
Other	1,012 (69.55%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Two ACTs Plus Primaquine for Uncomplicated Plasmodium Vivax Malaria in North Sumatera, Indonesia: 1 Year Followup [NCT01288820]	Phase 3	331 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
A Multicentre Randomised Comparative Clinical Trial of the Efficacy of Artesunate + Amodiaquine Versus Artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem®) for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Childhood Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Zanzibar [NCT03768908]	Phase 4	359 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-01-05	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Artesunate-amodiaquine and Artemether-lumefantrine in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a Randomized Controlled Trial (TES2022) [NCT06076213]	Phase 4	1,408 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-01	Recruiting
Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Pregnancy: an Open-label, Randomised Controlled, Non-inferiority Trial [NCT01231113]	Phase 3	417 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-07-31	Completed
Safety and Tolerability of Bi-monthly Intermittent Preventive Treatment With Mefloquine-Artesunate or Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Plus Amodiaquine for Prevention of Malaria and Related Complications in Patients With Sickle Cell Anaemia. [NCT01319448]	Phase 1/Phase 2	270 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Completed
A Four-arm Trial Comparing Artemether-lumefantrine With or Without Single-dose Primaquine and Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine/Amodiaquine With or Without Single-dose Tafenoquine to Reduce P. Falciparum Transmission in Mali [NCT05081089]	Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-12	Completed
A Randomized Clinical Trial to Measure the Impact of Retreatment With an Artemisinin-based Combination on Malaria Incidence and Its Potential Selection of Resistant Strains [NCT01374581]	Phase 3	2,117 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Artesunate + Amodiaquine Combined With a Single Low Dose of Primaquine (0.25 mg/kg) for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Zanzibar [NCT03773536]	Phase 4	146 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-09	Completed
A Trial of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Plus Azithromycin in African Children [NCT02211729]	Phase 3	22,090 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
Clinical Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine-Amodiaquine and Dihydroartemsinin-Piperaquine Plus Ivermectin Administered Monthly as Intermittent Preventive Treatment in School-aged Children in Burkina Faso [NCT05946642]	Phase 3	13,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-15	Recruiting
Effectiveness and Safety of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria Using Either Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine or Artesunate-amodiaquine in Reducing Malaria Related Morbidities and Improving Cognitive Ability in School-aged Children in Tanzania: A [NCT03640403]	Phase 3	1,555 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-26	Active, not recruiting
Comparing the Effectiveness of 5 Artemisinin Combination Treatment Regimens in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria [NCT00902811]	Phase 4	600 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Recruiting
Pharmacokinetics of Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine Plus Amodiaquine When Used for Malaria Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Children [NCT01328990]	Phase 1/Phase 2	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Artesunate-amodiaquine and Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Mainland Tanzania [NCT03431714]	Phase 4	333 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-14	Completed
Antioxidant Micronutrients in Malaria:a Randomised Clinical Trial [NCT01152931]	Phase 3	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Completed
Amodiaquine+Artesunate for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Nanoro, Burkina Faso [NCT01213433]	Phase 4	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Completed
Efficacy of the Artesunate-amodiaquine Combination for Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children Between 6 and 59 Months of Age With Severe Acute Malnutrition in Madaoua, Tahoua Region, Niger [NCT01204411]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Withdrawn(stopped due to The ethics committee did not approve the pharmacokinetic part of the study.)
Randomized Study of the Tolerability and Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine Versus Artesunate Plus Amodiaquine Coadministered for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Zanzibar [NCT03764527]	Phase 4	408 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-11-01	Completed
A Randomised Comparative Study to Assess the Efficacy and Tolerability of Blood Schizonticidal Treatments With Artesunate Amodiaquine Winthrop® / Coarsucam (ASAQ) Versus Chloroquine (CQ) for Uncomplicated Plasmodium Vivax Monoinfection Malaria [NCT01378286]	Phase 3	380 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
Effectiveness of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Koulikoro, Mali [NCT04149106]	Phase 3	4,556 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-07-01	Active, not recruiting
In Vivo and in Vitro Efficacy of the Recommended First Line Antimalarial Treatments (Artemether-Lumefantrine and Amodiaquine-Artesunate) in Children With Uncomplicated Malaria in Burkina Faso [NCT00808951]	Phase 4	440 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
A Bioequivalence Study Comparing Camoquin® Suspension (Pfizer) To Flavoquine® Tablets (Sanofi Aventis) In Healthy Subjects [NCT00859807]	Phase 4	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Completed
A Five-arm Trial Comparing Artesunate-amodiaquine and Artemether-lumefantrine-amodiaquine With or Without Single-dose Primaquine to Reduce P. Falciparum Transmission in Mali [NCT05550909]	Phase 2	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-10-17	Completed
Evaluation of Dolutegravir Interactions With Artemether-Lumefantrine and Amodiaquine-Artesunate [NCT02242799]	Phase 1	46 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
In Vivo Efficacy of Artemether-lumefantrine and Amodiaquine-artesunate for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Children: A Multisite, Open-label, Two-cohort Clinical Trial in Mozambique. [NCT02168569]	Phase 4	700 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-06-30	Completed
A Trial of Intermittent Preventive Treatment and Home Based Management of Malaria in a Rural Area of The Gambia [NCT00944840]	Phase 3	1,312 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
A Nested Open Labeled Study to Compare the Effectiveness and Safety of a Fixed-dose Combination of Artesunate Plus Amodiaquine (ASAQ Winthrop®) in the Unsupervised Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Attacks in Two Patient Groups Enro [NCT01023399]	Phase 4	580 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
Randomized Trial of the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for Seasonal IPT to Prevent Malaria in Children Under 5 Years [NCT00941785]	Phase 2/Phase 3	1,500 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label Study to Evaluate Potential Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Orally Administered Artemether-lumefantrine, Amodiaquine and Primaquine in Healthy Adult Subjects [NCT02696954]	Phase 1/Phase 2	17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-18	Terminated
In Vivo Efficacy of Artesunate-amodiaquine and Artemether-lumefantrine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria: an Open-randomised, Non-inferiority Clinical Trial in South Kivu, DR Congo [NCT02741024]	Phase 4	288 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Completed
IPT in Schoolchildren: Comparison of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Antimalarial Regimens in Uganda [NCT00852371]	Phase 3	760 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
Artemether-lumefantrine Vs Co-formulated Amodiaquine + Artesunate for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria: a Randomized Open-label Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Burkina Faso New Drug Policy [NCT01017770]	Phase 4	340 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
Phase 2, Exploratory, Single Center, Randomized, Open Label, Adaptive Clinical Trial to Compare Safety and Efficacy of Four Different Experimental Drug Regimens to Standard of Care for the Treatment of Symptomatic Outpatients With COVID-19 [NCT04532931]	Phase 2	192 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-03	Completed
An Open-label, Randomised, Controlled, Non-inferiority Trial to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of a Fixed Dose Triple Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (TACT) Artemether-lumefantrine-amodiaquine Versus First-line Artemisinin-based Combi [NCT05951595]	Phase 3	1,440 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-01	Not yet recruiting
Safe and Efficacious Artemisinin-based Combination Treatments for African Pregnant Women With Malaria [NCT00852423]	Phase 3	3,428 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
The Clinical Impact of Seasonal Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) and Home Management of Malaria (HMM) Using AQ+AS in Ghanaian Children Under 5 Years of Age - a Cluster Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial. [NCT00550160]	Phase 4	1,490 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-04-30	Completed
A Multi-centre Randomised Controlled Non-inferiority Trial to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Triple Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies Versus First-line ACTs + Placebo for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria [NCT03939104]	Phase 3	1,368 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-30	Recruiting
A Multi-centre Randomised Controlled Non-inferiority Trial to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Triple Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies Versus First-line ACTs + Placebo for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria [NCT03923725]	Phase 3	3,240 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-01	Recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Artesunate-amodiaquine Combined With Methylene Blue for Falciparum Malaria Treatment in African Children [NCT01407887]	Phase 2	180 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
Evaluation of 4 Artemisinin-based Combinations for Treating Uncomplicated Malaria in African Children [NCT00393679]	Phase 3	4,112 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-07-31	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Cross-Over Study, to Compare the Bioavailability of the Fixed Combination of Amodiaquine and Artesunate (COARSUCAM™) After Single Oral Administration Under Fed and Fasted Conditions in Healthy Subjects [NCT00386503]	Phase 1	22 participants	Interventional	2006-06-30	Completed
Efficacy of Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and Amodiaquine Alone or in Combination as Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy in the Kassena-Nankana District of Ghana: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT00146783]	Phase 2/Phase 3	3,642 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-06-30	Completed
A Bioequivalence Study Comparing Amodiaquine Tablet (Pfizer) To Amodiaquine Tablets (Arsuamoon-Guilin China) In Healthy Subjects [NCT00894660]	Phase 1	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-06-30	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Methylene Blue Combined With Amodiaquine or Artesunate for Malaria Treatment in Children of Burkina Faso: RCT in the Frame of the A8 Project of SFB 544 [NCT00545935]	Phase 2	186 participants	Interventional	2007-07-31	Completed
An Open Study for a 2-year Period to Confirm the Safety and Immunogenicity of the Candidate Malaria Vaccine RTS,S/AS02A in Mozambican Children Aged 1 to 4 Years at the Time of First Vaccine Dose. [NCT00323622]	Phase 2	1,737 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
Phase III Clinical Trials of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy in Cameroon [NCT00297882]	Phase 3	816 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of the Dispersible Formulation of Artemether-lumefantrine, Co-formulated Artesunate-amodiaquine and Co-formulated Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Machinga District, Mal [NCT01326754]		498 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-08-31	Completed
Adherence to Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy (ACT) for the Treatment of Malaria in Sierra Leone [NCT01967472]		1,145 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-16	Completed
An Open Label, 4 Escalating Dose, Randomized Multicentre Study Evaluating the Safety and Activity of Ferroquine Associated With Artesunate Versus a Positive Calibrator (Amodiaquine Associated With Artesunate) in African Adult Patients With Uncomplicated M [NCT00563914]	Phase 1/Phase 2	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Completed
Comparison of Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Three Drug Combinations for Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Children Aged 1-5 Years in an Area of Seasonal Malaria Transmission in Upper River Division, The Gambia [NCT00561899]	Phase 2/Phase 3	1,295 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
Monitoring the Effectiveness and Safety of Artesunate-Amodiaquine and Artemether-Lumefantrine During the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Among Children in Yaounde, Cameroon [NCT04565184]	Phase 4	242 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-09	Completed
Efficacy of Amodiaquine in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Young Children of Burkina Faso [NCT00261222]	Phase 2	120 participants	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
Evaluation of the Public Health Impact and Cost Effectiveness of Seasonal Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Children in Senegal [NCT00712374]	Phase 4	100,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Enrolling by invitation
In Vivo Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine and Artesunate-Amodiaquine for Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Malawi, 2014 [NCT02637128]	Phase 4	452 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Completed
Assessment of the Use of Fixed Doses of Artesunate Plus Amodiaquine Combination for the Home Management of Presumed Malaria in Malagasy Children [NCT00612547]		1,200 participants (Actual)	Observational	2008-02-29	Completed
Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine-amodiaquine (SP-AQ), SP-AQ Plus Primaquine, Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP), DP Plus Methylene Blue for Preventing Transmission of P. Falciparum Gametocytes in Mali [NCT02831023]	Phase 2	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-31	Completed
A Randomized Study to Compare Artesunate + Amiodaquine Versus Artemether + Lumefantrine in the Treatment of Repeated Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Attacks Occurring During 2 Years in a Cohort in Senegal [NCT00540410]	Phase 4	366 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Completed
Randomised, Comparative Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Arsucam® Administered as a Single Daily Intake Versus Two Daily Intakes in the Treatment of Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Attack [NCT00445796]	Phase 4	300 participants	Interventional	2005-06-30	Completed
[NCT00354380]	Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional	2006-09-30	Completed
Longitudinal Comparison of Combination Antimalarial Therapies in Ugandan Children: Evaluation of Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy [NCT00123552]	Phase 3	601 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-30	Completed
Characterization of Novel Molecular Tools for the Epidemiological Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance in Mali [NCT00127998]		1,011 participants	Interventional	2005-07-31	Completed
The Effectiveness, Cost and Cost Effectiveness of Intermittent Preventive Treatment or Screening and Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy Among Women Using Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Bed Net: a Randomised Controlled Trial. [NCT00432367]	Phase 3	3,333 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-02-28	Completed
A Randomised Double Blind Clinical Trial of Amodiaquine (AQ) and Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) Used Singly and in Combination (AQ+SP) Compared With Chloroquine (CQ) in the Treatment of Falciparum Malaria Infection in Pregnancy [NCT00131703]	Phase 3	900 participants	Interventional	2003-03-31	Completed
Chloroquine and Amodiaquine for Treatment of Symptomatic Children With Plasmodium Malaria in Guinea-Bissau [NCT00137514]	Phase 4	720 participants	Interventional	2001-03-31	Completed
Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Versus Artemether-Lumefantrine Versus Amodiaquine-Artesunate Coformulation in Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria : an Open Randomized Study [NCT00460369]		240 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-04-30	Completed
A Study Of Impact Of Intermittent Preventive Treatment In Children With Amodiaquine Plus Artesunate Versus Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine On Hemoglobin Levels And Malaria Morbidity In Hohoe District Of Ghana [NCT00119132]	Phase 2/Phase 3	2,602 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-06-30	Completed
A Non-Inferiority, Open-Labelled, Randomised Trial Of The Efficacy And Safety Of Artesunate-Amodiaquine, Artemether-Lumefantrine, And Artesunate-Lapdap For Treatment Of Uncomplicated P. Falciparum Malaria Among Children In Ghana [NCT00119145]	Phase 4	510 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-06-30	Completed
Anti-malarial Drug Resistance in Cameroon: Therapeutic Efficacy and Biological Markers of Resistance [NCT00146718]	Phase 2/Phase 3	755 participants	Interventional	2003-08-31	Completed
A Randomised Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Four Drug Regimens When Used for Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Senegalese Children [NCT00132548]	Phase 3	2,200 participants	Interventional	2004-06-30	Completed
[NCT00406146]	Phase 3	0 participants	Interventional	2004-10-31	Active, not recruiting
Evaluating the Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness of Integrating Mass Drug Administration for Helminth Control With Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Ghanaian Children [NCT06182176]		1,200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-05-27	Not yet recruiting
Can Triple Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy for Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria, Delay Drug Resistance Development of Plasmodium Falciparum in Tanzania: a Randomized Three Arm Clinical Trial [NCT05764746]	Phase 2/Phase 3	384 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-01	Not yet recruiting
Effectiveness of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Nampula Province, Mozambique: Evaluated Using a Type Two Hybrid Implementation Science Observational Study [NCT05186363]	Phase 4	3,156 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-08	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Double Blind Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Amodiaquine-Artesunate and Amodiaquine Alone in the Treatment of Children With Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria [NCT00238017]	Phase 4	400 participants	Interventional	2005-10-31	Active, not recruiting
Efficacy of Artesunate + Amodiaquine Four Years After Its Introduction as New Treatment Policy for Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Zanzibar [NCT00465257]	Phase 4	110 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Suspended(stopped due to Due to lack of malaria patients in Zanzibar the study has been suspended.)
Randomized Trial of Effectiveness and Acceptability of Three Alternative Regimens for Malaria Seasonal Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Senegal [NCT00529620]	Phase 3	1,833 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-30	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Artesunate-amodiaquine, Artemether-lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinine-piperaquine in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02940756]	Phase 4	1,615 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-15	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Pediatric Immunization-linked Preventive Intermittent Treatment With Antimalarials in Decreasing Anemia and Malaria Morbidity in Rural Western Kenya [NCT00111163]		1,516 participants	Interventional	2004-03-31	Completed
Randomized Trial of the Effectiveness of Amodiaquine-Artesunate, Amodiaquine-Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, and Chloroquine-Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine, for Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in Gambian Children [NCT00118807]	Phase 3	1,800 participants	Interventional	2003-08-31	Completed
Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Schools: a Randomised Controlled Trial of the Impact of IPT on Malaria, Anaemia and Education Amongst Schoolchildren in Western Kenya [NCT00142246]	Phase 3	6,758 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-01-31	Completed
Treating Malaria During Pregnancy: A Randomized Trial of Potential Options for Treatment in an Area of High Drug Resistance in Tanzania [NCT00146731]	Phase 3	310 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-01-31	Completed
A Randomized Trial to Compare the Efficacy of Artekin and Amodiaquine Plus Artesunate for the Treatment of Acute Falciparum and Vivax Malaria in Timika, Papua [NCT00157885]		400 participants	Interventional	2005-07-31	Completed
Studies on Adding Artesunate to Existing Antimalarial Therapies With Chloroquine, Amodiaquine & Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in Pakistan [NCT00158548]	Phase 3	650 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-06-30	Completed
A Double-blind Randomised Trial to Assess the Tolerability of Amodiaquine Plus Artesunate (AQ-Art) Versus Chlorproguanil Plus Dapsone Plus Artesunate (CDA) in the Treatment of Uncomplicated P. Falciparum Malaria in Malawi [NCT00164359]	Phase 4	212 participants	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
An Open Randomised Trial of the Efficacy of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP), Amodiaquine + SP (AQ-SP), AQ + Artesunate (AQ-Art), Chlorproguanil-Dapsone + Art (CD-Art), and Lumefantrine-Artemether (LA) for Uncomplicated Malaria in Malawi [NCT00164710]	Phase 4	365 participants	Interventional	2005-04-30	Completed
Effect of Oral Activated Charcoal on Parasite Clearance Rates in Response to Intravenous Artesunate in Malian Children With Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria [NCT01955382]	Phase 2	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
Preventing Malaria in School Children to Protect the Whole Community in Rural Blantyre District, Malawi [NCT06083688]	Phase 4	1,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-10-31	Not yet recruiting
Multinational, Randomized, Comparative Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Three Therapeutic Regimens: Coarsucam™ (Artesunate + Amodiaquine Fixed-Dose Combination) Administered in 1 or 2 Intakes Per Day Versus Coartem® (Artemether + Lumefantrine) in the T [NCT00316329]	Phase 3	1,032 participants	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTi) for the Prevention of Malaria and Anaemia in PNG Infants [NCT00285662]		1,100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Completed
Aetiology, Prevention and Control of Anaemia in Sub-Saharan Africa - Work Package 2: Efficacy Study: Efficacy of 2 Iron Fortified Porridges and IPT for the Prevention of Anemia in Young Children in Côte d'Ivoire. [NCT01634945]		629 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-04-30	Completed
An Individually Randomised Trial of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Versus a Long-acting Artemisinin Combination Therapy for the Prevention of Malaria and Anaemia in Children Living in an Area of Extended Seasonal Transmission in Ghana. [NCT01651416]	Phase 4	2,400 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
Efficacy of Amodiaquine-Artesunate (ASAQ) and Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Nanoro, Burkina Faso [NCT01697787]	Phase 4	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
Efficacy of Artesunate-amodiaquine, Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and Artemether-lumefantrine Combination Therapies for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children Aged 6 to 59 Months in Maradi, Niger 2012-13 [NCT01755559]	Phase 4	663 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-06-30	Completed
Phase III Study to Study the Clinical Response to ACT Fixed Dose Combination in 42 Days in Uncomplicated Malaria in Cameroon [NCT01845701]	Phase 3	720 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Burkina Faso : Chemoprevention Efficacy Study [NCT05478954]	Phase 4	800 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-07-15	Active, not recruiting
A Comparative Assessment of the Effectiveness of Artemether Plus Lumefantrine Versus Artesunate Plus Amodiaquine for the Treatment of Children With Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria [NCT00374205]	Phase 4	245 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-09-30	Terminated(stopped due to Interim analysis showed more LCFs in one of the treatment arms)
Comparison of Two Strategies for the Delivery of Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Children (IPTc) in an Area of Seasonal Malaria Transmission [NCT00376155]	Phase 4	14,000 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-05-31	Completed
"Prospective Longitudinal Study of Interactions Between HIV and Malaria in Ugandan Children: A UCSF/Makerere University Children With HIV and Malaria Project" [NCT00356824]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2005-11-30	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label Study to Evaluate Potential Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Orally Administered Artemether-lumefantrine and Amodiaquine in Healthy Adult Subjects [NCT04080895]	Phase 1	16 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-01	Recruiting
In Vivo Efficacy of Artemether-lumefantrine and Amodiaquine-artesunate for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Children: A Multisite Open Label, Two-cohort Clinical Trial in Mozambique [NCT04370977]	Phase 4	630 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-21	Completed
Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention With or Without Lipid-based Nutrient Supplement in Children Aged 6-59 Months in Kolokani Circle, Koulikoro Region, Mali, August-November 2016: Interventional Matched-pair Clustered Cohort [NCT03035305]		36,717 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-08-31	Completed
Feasibility and Effectiveness of Delivering Mass Drug Administration for Helminths Through the Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) Platform in a West African Paediatric Population [NCT05354258]		600 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-16	Active, not recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Artesunate-amodiaquine and Artemether-lumefantrine in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04618523]	Phase 4	1,117 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-26	Completed
Boosting the Impact of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) Through Simultaneous Screening and Treatment of SMC-Children's Roommates in Burkina Faso [NCT04816461]	Phase 4	789 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-07-31	Not yet recruiting
Enhancing Preventive Therapy of Malaria In Children With Sickle Cell Anemia in East Africa (EPiTOMISE) [NCT03178643]	Phase 4	246 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-23	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) and Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in the Center Region of Cameroon [NCT04829695]	Phase 4	184 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-05	Not yet recruiting
Effectiveness, Feasibility and Acceptability of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Aweil South County in Northern Bahr Eel Ghazal, South Sudan: A Type 2 Hybrid Effectiveness-implementation Study Using a Convergent Mixed-methods Approach [NCT05471544]	Phase 3	3,575 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-18	Active, not recruiting
A Hybrid Effectiveness-implementation Study to Assess the Effectiveness and Chemoprevention Efficacy of Implementing Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Five Districts in Karamoja Region, Uganda [NCT05323721]	Phase 4	6,805 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-06-01	Active, not recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial	Outcome
NCT00297882 (2) [back to overview]	Cure Rate Day 14
NCT00297882 (2) [back to overview]	Cure Rate on Day 28
NCT00323622 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT00323622 (10) [back to overview]	Anti-circumsporozoite Protein (CS) Antibody Concentrations.
NCT00323622 (10) [back to overview]	Anti-hepatitis B (HBs) Antibody Concentrations.
NCT00323622 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Primary Case Definition Clinical Episodes of Symptomatic Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Infection (PFMI)
NCT00323622 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects Prevalent for Plasmodium Falciparum (P. Falciparum) Parasitemia
NCT00323622 (10) [back to overview]	Number of Subjects With Anemia.
NCT00323622 (10) [back to overview]	Time to First or Only Clinical Episode of Symptomatic Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Infection (PFMI) of Primary Case Definition
NCT00323622 (10) [back to overview]	Time to First or Only Episode of Symptomatic Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Infection (PFMI) of Secondary Case Definition 1
NCT00323622 (10) [back to overview]	Time to First or Only Episode of Symptomatic Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Infection (PFMI) of Secondary Case Definition 2
NCT00323622 (10) [back to overview]	Time to First or Only Episode of Symptomatic Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Infection (PFMI) of Secondary Case Definition 3
NCT01955382 (2) [back to overview]	Parasite Clearance Half-life
NCT01955382 (2) [back to overview]	Safety

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
1 Artemether-Lumefantrine	192
2 Amodiaquine-Artesunate	563

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
1 Artemether-Lumefantrine AL	197
2 Amodiaquine-Artesunate AQ-AS	603

Intervention	Subjects (Number)
Cohort 1-RTS,S/AS02A <24M Group	21
Cohort 1-RTS,S/AS02A ≥24M Group	17
Cohort 2-RTS,S/AS02A <24M Group	1
Cohort 2-RTS,S/AS02A ≥24M Group	0
Cohort 1-Prevnar-Hiberix <24M Group	24
Cohort 1-Engerix-B ≥24M Group	29
Cohort 2-Prevnar- Hiberix <24M Group	1
Cohort 2-Engerix-B ≥24M Group	4

Intervention	EL.U/mL (Geometric Mean)
	Month 33 [N = 490, 487, 149, 149]	Month 45 [N = 452, 447, 150, 145]
Cohort 1-Engerix-B/Prevnar-Hiberix Group	NA	NA
Cohort 1-RTS,S/AS02A Group	10.1	8.9
Cohort 2-Engerix-B/Prevnar-Hiberix Group	0.6	0.4
Cohort 2-RTS,S/AS02A Group	16.2	15.4

Intervention	mIU/mL (Geometric Mean)
	Month 33 [N = 33, 116, 34, 115]	Month 45 [N = 35, 115, 32, 113]
Cohort 2-Engerix-B ≥24M Group	67.4	99.4
Cohort 2-Prevnar- Hiberix <24M Group	20.3	26.6
Cohort 2-RTS,S/AS02A <24M Group	4008.6	3323.8
Cohort 2-RTS,S/AS02A ≥24M Group	1842.5	1557.0

Intervention	EPFMI episode per pyr (Number)
	EPFMI - PCD - M21-33 (N=650;645)	EPFMI - PCD - M33-45 (N=638;629)
Cohort 1-Engerix-B/Prevnar-Hiberix Group	291	100
Cohort 1-RTS,S/AS02A Group	252	99

Intervention	Subjects (Number)
	Subjects prevalent for parasitemia, M33[N=590,590]	Subjects prevalent for parasitemia, M45[N=541,547]
Cohort 1-Engerix-B/Prevnar-Hiberix Group	121	101
Cohort 1-RTS,S/AS02A Group	93	66

Intervention	Subjects (Number)
	HL <25%, Month 33 (N = 650, 645)	HL ≥25%, Month 33 (N = 650, 645])	Missing Results, Month 33 (N = 650;645)	HL <25%, Month 45 (N = 638, 629)	HL ≥25%, Month 45 (N = 638, 629)	Missing Results, Month 45 (N = 638;629)
Cohort 1-Engerix-B/Prevnar-Hiberix Group	2	593	50	0	543	86
Cohort 1-RTS,S/AS02A Group	2	584	64	0	540	98

Intervention	n/PYAR (Number)
	RPFMI - PCD - M21-33 (N=650;645)	RPFMI - PCD - M33-45 (N=638;629)
Cohort 1-Engerix-B/Prevnar-Hiberix Group	0.375	0.149
Cohort 1-RTS,S/AS02A Group	0.330	0.140

Intervention	n/PYAR (Number)
	RPFMI - SCD 1 - M21-33 (N=650;645)	RPFMI - SCD 1 - M33-45 (N=638;629)
Cohort 1-Engerix-B/Prevnar-Hiberix Group	0.409	0.174
Cohort 1-RTS,S/AS02A Group	0.365	0.161

Intervention	n/PYAR (Number)
	RPFMI - SCD 2 - M21-33 (N=650;645)	RPFMI - SCD 2 - M33-45 (N=638;629)
Cohort 1-Engerix-B/Prevnar-Hiberix Group	0.630	0.270
Cohort 1-RTS,S/AS02A Group	0.540	0.260

Intervention	n/PYAR (Number)
	RPFMI - SCD 3 - M21-33 (N=650;645)	RPFMI - SCD 3 - M33-45 (N=638;629)
Cohort 1-Engerix-B/Prevnar-Hiberix Group	0.329	0.122
Cohort 1-RTS,S/AS02A Group	0.288	0.122

Intervention	Hours (Mean)
AS + oAC	1.733
AS Only (Water)	1.973

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
AS + oAC	35
AS Only (Water)	35

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.6	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	3.04	1	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	13.29	34	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	2.07	1	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	2.53	2	0	amino-acid anion
carnitine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.21	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	1.94	1	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.78	3	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
2-cresol 2-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-cresol : A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.	1.92	1	0	cresol	human xenobiotic metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.6	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.1	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	2.07	1	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.31	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	4.31	20	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.6	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	3.49	2	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
acetanilide acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.07	1	0	acetamides; anilide	analgesic
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	1.99	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.	2.6	1	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; MALDI matrix material
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.13	1	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
pteridines [no description available]	2.31	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; pteridines
putrescine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	2.07	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	2.07	1	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	2.6	1	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2.06	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	2.06	1	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
17-octadecynoic acid octadec-17-ynoic acid : An acetylenic fatty acid that is octadecanoi acid (stearic acid) which has been doubly dehydrogenated at positions 17 and 18 to give the corresponding alkynoic acid.	2.06	1	0	acetylenic fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; monounsaturated fatty acid; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.14.14.94 (leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.	2.03	1	0	amphetamines; benzodioxoles	neurotoxin
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
enprofylline enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.	2.07	1	0	oxopurine	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
pleconaril WIN 63843: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0
nsc-267703 [no description available]	2.06	1	0	anthracycline
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride [no description available]	2.6	1	0
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
phenytoin [no description available]	2.55	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	2.39	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	3.13	5	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	3.57	8	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetarsol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetamides; anilide
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
ethacridine Ethacridine: A topically applied anti-infective agent.	2.07	1	0	acridines
4-(acetylamino)benzeneacetic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetamides; anilide
dactinomycin [no description available]	2.06	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide
adiphenine adiphenine: was heading 1963-94; use DIPHENYLACETIC ACIDS to search ADIPHENINE 1966-94	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid 1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
aklomide aklomide: structure	2.07	1	0	carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound
albendazole [no description available]	2.81	3	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2.07	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.58	2	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.	2.07	1	0	triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	2.07	1	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.38	2	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	2.07	1	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	2.1	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole 2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.	2.6	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; primary amino compound
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.91	4	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.47	2	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amoxapine Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.	2.07	1	0	dibenzooxazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amprolium Amprolium: A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.. amprolium : An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.. amprolium(1+) : A pyridinium ion that is the cationic portion of amprolium, a veterinary drug which is used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.	2.07	1	0	pyridinium ion	coccidiostat
antazoline Antazoline: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.. antazoline : A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.07	1	0	aromatic amine; imidazolines; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.48	2	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
apraclonidine apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	1.99	1	0	dichlorobenzene; guanidines; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; diagnostic agent; ophthalmology drug
arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.	2.07	1	0	enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine	metabolite; muscarinic agonist
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	3.06	5	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.	4.57	7	0	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.21	1	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	2.07	1	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
baclofen [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
bendroflumethiazide Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.	2.07	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
benserazide Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.	2.07	1	0	carbohydrazide; catechols; primary alcohol; primary amino compound	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	2.6	1	0	benzamides
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	2.48	2	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.	2.07	1	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline	allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	2.07	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	3.21	5	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berberine [no description available]	3.62	2	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
betaxolol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
bretylium bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	2.07	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).	2.07	1	0	organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	mucolytic
seratrodast [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity
bumetanide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	2.51	2	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	2.07	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
butacaine butacaine: was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92	2.07	1	0	benzoate ester
butamben butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.	2.07	1	0	amino acid ester; benzoate ester; primary amino compound; substituted aniline	local anaesthetic
caffeine [no description available]	2.74	3	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	3.54	8	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
camostat camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.	5.05	3	0	benzoate ester; carboxylic ester; diester; guanidines; tertiary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifibrinolytic drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; serine protease inhibitor
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.6	1	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.6	1	0	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carbamylcholine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	3.48	7	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbinoxamine carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.	2.07	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
carmofur [no description available]	3.41	1	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.07	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carteolol Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.	2.07	1	0	quinolone; secondary alcohol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
celecoxib [no description available]	2.06	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	2.08	1	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.05	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	2.6	1	0	pyridinium ion
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	20.05	469	73	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.	2.57	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	6.56	11	5	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	6.01	8	1	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	2.07	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	2.07	1	0	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	2.08	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.9	4	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
aricine [no description available]	2.47	2	0	cinchona alkaloid
ciprofibrate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	7.49	2	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.	2.07	1	0	benzamides
clofilium clofilium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
clomiphene [no description available]	2.48	2	0	tertiary amine	estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	3.99	3	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	1.99	1	0	clonidine; imidazoline
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.76	3	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cloxyquin cloxyquin: has antitubercular activity; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	organochlorine compound; quinolines
cromolyn cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.	2.07	1	0	chromones; dicarboxylic acid	anti-asthmatic drug; calcium channel blocker
cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.	2.07	1	0	carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol	vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	2.48	2	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant; muscle relaxant; tranquilizing drug
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.15	1	0	indoles	fluorochrome
dapsone [no description available]	12.01	27	4	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
debrisoquin Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.	8.84	2	1	carboxamidine; isoquinolines	adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent
deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.	2.6	1	0	4-pyridones	iron chelator; protective agent
dequalinium Dequalinium: A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration.. dequalinium : A quinolinium ion comprising decane in which one methyl hydrogen at each end of the molecule has been replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-yl group.	2.06	1	0	quinolinium ion	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiseptic drug; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.77	3	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	1.94	1	0	primary amine
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.25	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.07	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	2.07	1	0	dibenzothiophenes; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	keratolytic drug
dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	topical anaesthetic
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	3.69	9	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.	2.07	1	0	dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug
dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	2.07	1	0	carboxylic ester; tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	2.36	2	0	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	2.25	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dilacor xr 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate : A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; aromatic ether; benzothiazepine; lactam; tertiary amino compound
dimaprit Dimaprit: A histamine H2 receptor agonist that is often used to study the activity of histamine and its receptors.	1.96	1	0	imidothiocarbamic ester
dimethadione Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.	2.07	1	0	oxazolidinone
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.93	4	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
diphenylpyraline diphenylpyraline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. allergen : A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.. diphenylpyraline : A member of the class of piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.	2.07	1	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2.6	1	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
disulfiram [no description available]	3.99	3	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.81	3	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.07	1	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	2.47	2	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
doxylamine Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.	2.07	1	0	pyridines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antitussive; cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; sedative
droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound	anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
dyclonine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone; piperidines	topical anaesthetic
dyphylline Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.	2.07	1	0	oxopurine; propane-1,2-diols	bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
ebastine [no description available]	3.17	1	0	organic molecular entity
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	3.99	3	0	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
nsc-526417 [no description available]	2.06	1	0
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	2.07	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	4.29	2	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
profenamine profenamine: was heading 1972-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINES 1972-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search ETHOPROPAZINE 1972-94. profenamine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.	2.07	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic antagonist; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	2.07	1	0	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.	2.07	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	2.57	2	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
2-hexyloxybenzamide 2-hexyloxybenzamide: structure	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; benzamides	antifungal agent
brl 42810 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester	anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent
fenoldopam Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.	2.07	1	0	benzazepine	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; dopamine agonist; dopaminergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.07	1	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fexofenadine fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.	2.08	1	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level	2.06	1	0	benzodioxoles
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.08	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
fluphenazine [no description available]	3.99	3	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.07	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.57	2	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	4.44	6	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	2.07	1	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.	3.41	1	0	diarylmethane
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	2.47	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
furazolidone Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.	1.93	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic; oxazolidines	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antitrichomonal drug; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	3.32	6	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.07	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gabexate Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.	2.6	1	0	benzoate ester
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	1.96	1	0
gentian violet crystal violet cation : An iminium ion that is malachite green cation in which the hydrogen at the para- psition of the monosubstituted phenyl group is replaced by a dimethylamino group.	2.06	1	0	iminium ion	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent
glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.	2.54	2	0	aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	2.07	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	sulfonamide
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	2.6	1	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.07	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	2.07	1	0	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	2.07	1	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	2.6	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	3.16	5	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	3.17	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	2.55	2	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
hexahydrosiladifenidol [no description available]	2.06	1	0
hexoprenaline Hexoprenaline: Stimulant of adrenergic beta 2 receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator, antiasthmatic agent, and tocolytic agent.	2.07	1	0
hexylresorcinol [no description available]	2.6	1	0	resorcinols
beta-thujaplicin beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.	2.6	1	0	cyclic ketone; enol; monoterpenoid	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiplasmodial drug; plant metabolite
hexamethylene bisacetamide N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208	2.07	1	0	acetamides
hycanthone Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.	2.57	2	0	thioxanthenes	mutagen; schistosomicide drug
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.39	2	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.58	2	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.	2.07	1	0	benzothiadiazine; thiazide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	9.32	20	1	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	5.2	2	1	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	3.64	2	0	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	3.03	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	2.07	1	0	primary amine
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	3.34	6	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.07	1	0	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	2.07	1	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	8.37	6	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iodoquinol Iodoquinol: One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.. iodoquinol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by iodine. It is considered the drug of choice for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amoebiasis.	2.07	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organoiodine compound	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiseptic drug
iproniazid [no description available]	2.87	4	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.6	1	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isoetharine Isoetharine: Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.	2.07	1	0	catecholamine
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.7	3	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.07	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.	2.07	1	0	alkylbenzene
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	2.07	1	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	2.6	1	0	piperazines
whi p154 WHI P154: an anti-leukemic agent; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
whi p97 [no description available]	2.25	1	0	quinazolines
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.95	4	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.49	2	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.	2.08	1	0	amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	3.83	2	1	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
kojic acid [no description available]	2.6	1	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.48	2	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.77	3	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
lapachol lapachol : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.	2.6	1	0
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	2.07	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole [no description available]	2.07	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	5.05	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	2.57	2	0	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	9.17	3	1	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
ly 171883 LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.	2.07	1	0	acetophenones; aromatic ether; phenols; tetrazoles	anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
4-(dimethylamino)-n-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide 4-(dimethylamino)-N-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide: structure in first source. 4-(dimethylamino)-N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid with the amino group of 7-amino-N-hydroxyheptanamide. It is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
mafenide Mafenide: A sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme CARBONIC ANHYDRASE and is used as a topical anti-bacterial agent, especially in burn therapy.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.07	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.08	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
mefloquine hydrochloride [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.	4.86	3	0	organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinolines; secondary alcohol
memantine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
mephenesin Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; glycerol ether
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	2.48	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
benzoic acid [2-methyl-2-(propylamino)propyl] ester [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzoate ester
mequitazine mequitazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.17	1	0	phenothiazines
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	2.07	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	2.07	1	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.07	1	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	2.07	1	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.	2.07	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	2.6	1	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.	2.57	2	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	1.94	1	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	2.71	3	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	2.07	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.48	2	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.07	1	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	2.07	1	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.	2.06	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
entinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzamides; carbamate ester; primary amino compound; pyridines; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
n-acetyl-4-nitrophenylserinol N-acetyl-4-nitrophenylserinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.06	1	0
acecainide Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.	2.07	1	0	acetamides; benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.6	1	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2.6	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nadolol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	tetralins
nafamostat nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic	2.6	1	0	benzoic acids; guanidines
nafronyl Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.	2.07	1	0	naphthalenes
naftopidil [no description available]	2.07	1	0	piperazines
naphazoline Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.	2.07	1	0	naphthalenes
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.38	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	8.22	5	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	1.94	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	2.99	4	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	5.47	3	0	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.77	3	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nilvadipine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester; nitrile
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.48	2	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).	2.25	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
nitromide nitromide: antibacterial agent for prevention & treatment of Salmonella pullorum infections in chickens & turkeys & for fowl typhoid & paratyphoid; used in feed; structure	2.07	1	0
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	2.08	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2.07	1	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
6,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines
nylidrin Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor.	2.07	1	0	alkylbenzene
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.07	1	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.82	3	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.	2.48	2	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic
osalmide osalmide: structure	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity
oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.51	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid	analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	2.25	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxethazaine [no description available]	2.57	2	0	amino acid amide
oxibendazole oxibendazole: structure	2.07	1	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.58	2	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxiracetam oxiracetam: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether
benoxinate benoxinate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. oxybuprocaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.	2.07	1	0	amino acid ester; benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	drug allergen; local anaesthetic; topical anaesthetic
palmidrol palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	2.6	1	0	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine	anti-inflammatory drug; anticonvulsant; antihypertensive agent; neuroprotective agent
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.71	3	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	2.4	2	0	aromatic amine
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.47	2	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.6	1	0	oxopurine
perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.	3.79	3	0	piperidines	cardiovascular drug
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	2.48	2	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacemide phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure	2.07	1	0	acetamides
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.74	3	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	3.68	2	0	diaminopyridine; monoazo compound	anticoronaviral agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	2.65	3	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.6	1	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	2.03	1	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
1,3a,8-Trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl methylcarbamate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyrroloindole
pimobendan pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridazinone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	2.07	1	0	pyridines
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.77	3	0	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	2.07	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	2.07	1	0	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
piretanide piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether
pj-34 PJ34 : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine substituted at positions 2 and 6 by (N,N-dimethylglycyl)amino and oxo groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 110 nM and 86 nM, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties.	2.6	1	0	phenanthridines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antiatherosclerotic agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.07	1	0	acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents	2.07	1	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	4.3	3	1	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	2.52	2	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	13.41	60	6	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	2.57	2	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	2.82	3	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.06	1	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	2.53	2	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	3.62	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	2.6	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	3.8	3	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
pronethalol pronethalol: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-66); NAPHTHYLISOPROTERENOL was see PRONETHALOL 1977-94; use ETHANOLAMINES to search PRONETHALOL 1966-94	2.06	1	0	naphthalenes
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	2.77	3	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	3.51	7	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
protriptyline Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.	2.07	1	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	2.67	3	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	21.72	329	131	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
ranitidine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	aralkylamine
riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.	2.07	1	0	benzothiazoles
rimantadine Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.	2.6	1	0	alkylamine
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	2.07	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
rofecoxib [no description available]	2.07	1	0	butenolide; sulfone	analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram [no description available]	2.6	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
roxarsone Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.	2.07	1	0	2-nitrophenols; organoarsonic acid	agrochemical; animal growth promotant; antibacterial drug; coccidiostat
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
salmeterol xinafoate salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.	3.31	1	0	ether; phenols; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
salicylsalicylic acid salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.	2.07	1	0	benzoate ester; benzoic acids; phenols; salicylates	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
scriptaid scriptide: provokes translocation of GLUT4 to increase glucose uptake; structure in first source	2.55	2	0	isoquinolines
sebacic acid sebacic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.	2.6	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	5.16	9	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
fenofibrate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzochromenone; delta-lactone; naphtho-alpha-pyrone	platelet aggregation inhibitor; Sir2 inhibitor
imatinib [no description available]	3.99	3	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
succinylsulfathiazole succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure	2.07	1	0	1,3-thiazoles
sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.	2.07	1	0	N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.	3.97	4	0	aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfaguanidine Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine	1.96	1	0	sulfonamide antibiotic	antiinfective agent
sulfamerazine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.07	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.	2.07	1	0	sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2.71	3	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	2.08	1	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	2.08	1	0
sulfisoxazole Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	3.48	2	0	isoxazoles; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	1.94	1	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.48	2	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
telenzepine telenzepine: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	benzodiazepine
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	2.76	3	0	diarylmethane
tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.	2.07	1	0	benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound	local anaesthetic
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone: structure. tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone : A hydroxybenzoquinone in which all four protons of the benzoquinone structure are substituted by hydroxy groups. A systemic keratolytic, it is normally supplied as its hydrate (CHEBI:137471).	2.07	1	0	hydroxybenzoquinone	keratolytic drug
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	2.57	2	0	phthalimides; piperidones
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	2.07	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
thiethylperazine Thiethylperazine: A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457). thiethylperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is perazine substituted by a ethylsulfanyl group at position 2.	3.41	1	0	N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
2-thiosalicylic acid 2-thiosalicylic acid: a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd. thiosalicylic acid : A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.	2.07	1	0	sulfanylbenzoic acid	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	3.71	3	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	2.07	1	0	aziridines
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	3.19	5	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.	3.32	2	0	aromatic ether; diether; fluoren-9-ones; tertiary amino compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; interferon inducer; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.07	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker
tolazoline Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.	2.38	2	0	imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	2.07	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
tolnaftate [no description available]	2.49	2	0	monothiocarbamic ester	antifungal drug
trapidil Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.	2.07	1	0	triazolopyrimidines
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	2.6	1	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
trifluoperazine [no description available]	2.57	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trifluperidol Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	3.99	3	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trigonelline trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.6	1	0	alkaloid; iminium betaine	food component; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite
trimebutine Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.	2.07	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
trimeprazine Trimeprazine: A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.	2.07	1	0	phenothiazines
trimethobenzamide trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	3.85	12	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
trioxsalen Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.	2.07	1	0	psoralens	dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent
tripelennamine Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.	1.95	1	0	aromatic amine
troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.	2.07	1	0	chromanes; thiazolidinone	anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
tropicamide Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.	2.07	1	0	acetamides
tulobuterol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organochlorine compound
tyramine [no description available]	2.35	2	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
tyrphostin a9 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	alkylbenzene	geroprotector
delavirdine Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.6	1	0	aminopyridine; indolecarboxamide; N-acylpiperazine; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
urapidil [no description available]	2.07	1	0	piperazines
urethane [no description available]	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
6,18,30-trimethyl-3,9,12,15,21,24,27,33,36-nona(propan-2-yl)-1,7,13,19,25,31-hexaoxa-4,10,16,22,28,34-hexazacyclohexatriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-dodecone [no description available]	2.06	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide
venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.	2.07	1	0	cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic
vesnarinone [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity
xylazine Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.	2.07	1	0	1,3-thiazine; methylbenzene; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; analgesic; emetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
xylometazoline xylometazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	alkylbenzene
ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.06	1	0	carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist
zomepirac zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles	cardiovascular drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.1	1	0	cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.68	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.07	1	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	3.2	6	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.38	2	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	2.07	1	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	1.95	1	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	3.35	1	1	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	2.34	2	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	2.07	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	2.07	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.	2.07	1	0	phenylethanolamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	1.95	1	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.07	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.	2.07	1	0	C-nitro compound; quinoline N-oxide	carcinogenic agent
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.57	2	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.6	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.68	3	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.47	2	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	2.07	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	2.06	1	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ethopabate Ethopabate: An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as a coccidiostat in poultry.	2.07	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.07	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	4.41	1	1	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.6	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	8.38	1	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	2.07	1	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
acepromazine Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound	phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	2.07	1	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	1.94	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	2.07	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	8.6	9	5	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.	2.57	2	0	benzoxazole
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.41	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berlition berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.	2.07	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; lipoic acid; thia fatty acid	cofactor; nutraceutical; prosthetic group
aniline [no description available]	2.17	1	0	anilines; primary arylamine
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2.17	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.11	1	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	2.37	2	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.37	2	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cytidine [no description available]	2.31	1	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	3.98	3	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	2.6	1	0	psoralens	plant metabolite
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	1.94	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	2.07	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	2.07	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.	3.17	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	3.86	2	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
mannitol [no description available]	2.43	2	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	2.57	2	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2.15	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.86	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.31	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.03	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.03	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
mepenzolate bromide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
chlorphenoxamine chlorphenoxamine: minor descriptor (66-84); on-line & Index Medicus search ETHYLAMINES (66-84); RN given refers to parent cpd	3.41	1	0	diarylmethane	anticoronaviral agent
triparanol Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.	4.7	2	0	stilbenoid	anticoronaviral agent
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	2.07	1	0	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
sulfachlorpyridazine Sulfachlorpyridazine: A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.. sulfachloropyridazine : A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.	2.07	1	0	organochlorine compound; pyridazines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.07	1	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
phanquinone phanquinone: structure. phanquone : An orthoquinone that is the 5,6-diketo derivative of 4,7-phenanthroline.	2.06	1	0	orthoquinones
9,10-anthraquinone 9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.	2.6	1	0	anthraquinone
phensuximide phensuximide: major descriptor (73-84); on-line search SUCCINIMIDES (73-84); Index Medicus search PHENSUXIMIDE (73-84); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.07	1	0	pyrrolidines
dimethisoquin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines
4,7-dichloroquinoline [no description available]	2.31	1	0
penicillin v Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.	1.95	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
salicylanilide salicylanilide: RN given refers to parent cpd. salicylanilide : An amide of salicylic acid and of aniline; it is therefore both a salicylamide and an anilide.	2.6	1	0	benzanilide fungicide; salicylamides; salicylanilides
gramine gramine : An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.	2.6	1	0	aminoalkylindole; indole alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
aminacrine Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.	2.6	1	0	aminoacridines; primary amino compound	acid-base indicator; antiinfective agent; antiseptic drug; fluorescent dye; MALDI matrix material; mutagen
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	1.99	1	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline [no description available]	3.57	9	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
synephrine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite
benzothiazole benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.	2.07	1	0	benzothiazoles	environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.	2.13	1	0	phosphonic ester
methyl gallate methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.	2.6	1	0	gallate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.	2.07	1	0	pyridinium salt
diphenan [no description available]	2.06	1	0	diarylmethane
monobenzone monobenzone: structure. monobenzone : The monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone. It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation.	2.6	1	0	benzyl ether	allergen; dermatologic drug; melanin synthesis inhibitor
2-phenylacetamide 2-phenylacetamide: structure. 2-phenylacetamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is acetamide substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.06	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
benzonatate benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.	2.07	1	0	benzoate ester; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	anaesthetic; antitussive
betazole Betazole: A histamine H2 agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.. betazole : Pyrazole in which a hydrogen adjacent to one of the nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. It is a histamine H2-receptor agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.	1.95	1	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug; histamine agonist
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.77	3	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
dodecyltrimethylammonium dodecyltrimethylammonium: used to determine thermal stability of DNA; RN given refers to parent cpd. dodecyltrimethylammonium ion : A quarternary ammonium cation having one dodecyl and three methyl substituents around the central nitrogen.	2.05	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
methylergonovine Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)	1.94	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.07	1	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.03	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.	1.93	1	0	acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94	2.07	1	0	quinolines
chloroprocaine chloroprocaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroprocaine : Procaine in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine. It is used as its monohydrochloride salt as a local anaesthetic, particularly for oral surgery. It has the advantage over lidocaine of constricting blood vessels, so reducing bleeding.	2.07	1	0	benzoate ester; monochlorobenzenes	central nervous system depressant; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
tetraphenylborate Tetraphenylborate: An anionic compound that is used as a reagent for determination of potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and cesium ions. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and forms complexes with biological materials, and is used in biological assays.	2.45	2	0
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	2.07	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	2.57	2	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
sulfalene Sulfalene: Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for malaria.	7.88	10	7	pyrazines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide
cycloguanil hydrochloride cycloguanil hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cycloguanil.	2.06	1	0	hydrochloride; organic molecular entity
cycloguanil cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source. cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil.	2.71	3	0	triazines	antifolate; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.59	2	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	3.04	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.85	4	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	2.07	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	2.07	1	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
thiazoles [no description available]	2.31	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	4.05	4	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
propantheline bromide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	xanthenes
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	2.06	1	0	organic cation
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	3.04	1	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.6	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
fluorometholone Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.	2.07	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
berbamine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	phenylpropanoid
lucanthone Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.	2.38	2	0	thioxanthenes	adjuvant; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; mutagen; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; schistosomicide drug
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	2.6	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.6	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	5.17	8	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)	2.07	1	0	phthalazines
flavanone flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.	2.6	1	0	flavanones
indole-3-carbaldehyde indole-3-carbaldehyde: metabolite of tryptophan; structure. indole-3-carbaldehyde : A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group.	2.31	1	0	heteroarenecarbaldehyde; indole alkaloid; indoles	bacterial metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite; plant metabolite
pamaquine pamaquine: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.93	1	0	aminoquinoline
phloretic acid phloretic acid: structure. N-hydroxysuccinimide ester : An ester of N-hydroxysuccinimide.. phloretic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	plant metabolite
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
dequalinium chloride dequalinium chloride : An organic chloride salt that is the dichloride salt of dequalinium.	2.06	1	0	organic chloride salt	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiseptic drug; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
angelicin angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure	2.6	1	0	furanocoumarin
dimenhydrinate gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid: Bepask is calcium salt	2.07	1	0	benzamides
diperodon diperodon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.99	4	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.	2.08	1	0
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.54	2	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
8-aminoquinoline [no description available]	1.93	1	0
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.57	2	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	2.03	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	3.59	2	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
Berberine chloride (TN) [no description available]	2.06	1	0	organic molecular entity
trimetozine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	morpholines
benzydamine Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.. benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; indazoles; tertiary amino compound	analgesic; central nervous system stimulant; hallucinogen; local anaesthetic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	8.38	7	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
docosanol Tadenan: from powdered bark of Pygaeum africanum (Rosaceae), see also heading for docosanol (a priciple ingredient of extract). docosan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is docosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It is a non-prescription medicine approved by the FDA to shorten healing time of cold sores.. docosanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twenty-two carbon atoms.	2.07	1	0	docosanol; long-chain primary fatty alcohol	antiviral drug; plant metabolite
3-acetylindole 3-acetylindole: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
hydroxychloroquine sulfate [no description available]	2.6	1	0
9,10-dimethylanthracene 9,10-dimethylanthracene: RN given refers to parent ion	2.06	1	0
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.6	1	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
c 137 C 137: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.06	1	0
metformin hydrochloride metformin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of metformin with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.	2.6	1	0	hydrochloride	environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.41	1	0	zinc molecular entity
antimycin a [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzamides; formamides; macrodiolide; phenols	antifungal agent; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; piscicide
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	8.07	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
flurandrenolone Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)	2.07	1	0	21-hydroxy steroid
5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	bipyridines
dichlorobenzyl alcohol 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by chlorines.	2.6	1	0	benzyl alcohols; dichlorobenzene	antiseptic drug
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.07	1	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.	2.48	2	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
flumethasone Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.	2.07	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug
oxyclozanide Oxyclozanide: Anthelmintic used in grazing animals for fasciola and cestode infestations.	3.17	1	0
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	21.3	273	125	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
acetophenazine acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.	3.41	1	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; phenothiazines	phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.6	1	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
dicloxacillin Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.	2.07	1	0	dichlorobenzene; penicillin	antibacterial drug
palmatine burasaine: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	berberine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	plant metabolite
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	2.38	2	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine 4,6-diamino-2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-1-phenyl-s-triazine: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.	2.6	1	0	adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
quinacrine mustard Quinacrine Mustard: Nitrogen mustard analog of quinacrine used primarily as a stain in the studies of chromosomes and chromatin. Fluoresces by reaction with nucleic acids in chromosomes.	1.95	1	0	hydrochloride	intercalator
beclomethasone [no description available]	2.07	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	2.05	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.07	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
imidocarb Imidocarb: One of ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS used especially against BABESIA in livestock. Toxicity has been reported.	1.95	1	0	ureas	antiprotozoal drug
buquinolate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
3-deazaadenosine 3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.6	1	0
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	2.06	1	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.15	1	0	titanium group element atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	3.35	1	1	copper group element atom; elemental gold
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.6	1	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	2	1	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
metoprine metoprine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist	2.02	1	0
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	2.39	2	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
ferric pyrophosphate ferric pyrophosphate : An iron coordination entity composed from Fe(3+) cations and diphosphate(4-) anions in a 4:3 ratio.	4.41	1	1	iron coordination entity
ancitabine Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.	2.6	1	0	diol; organic heterotricyclic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
amopyroquine amopyroquine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	7.38	2	0
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	2.63	3	0
chloropyramine chloropyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.6	1	0	aminopyridine
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	2.41	2	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.15	1	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine (1S,2R)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1S,2R)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	2.07	1	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
parbendazole parbendazole: anthelmintic used against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZIMIDAZOLES; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	7.71	3	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
n'-nitrosonornicotine N'-nitrosonornicotine: structure; a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals	2.6	1	0	pyridines; pyrrolidines
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.39	2	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	2.48	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
fenclozic acid fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	2.6	1	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
capobenic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzamides
diftalone [no description available]	2.07	1	0
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.07	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester	antithyroid drug; prodrug
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	4.24	2	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.75	3	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
4-ethylphenol 4-ethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-ethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an ethyl substituent at position 4.	2.05	1	0	phenols	fungal xenobiotic metabolite
dioctyl adipate [no description available]	2.03	1	0	carboxylic ester
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	2.08	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.07	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	2.1	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	7.31	1	0
rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available]	2.07	1	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.21	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	5.13	5	2	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
indoramin Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.07	1	0	tryptamines
penfluridol Penfluridol: One of the long-acting ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS used for maintenance or long-term therapy of SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS.	3.17	1	0	diarylmethane
nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	2.44	2	0	polycyclic ether	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
carbidopa carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.	2.07	1	0	catechols; hydrazines; monocarboxylic acid	antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
s-adenosylmethionine acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.06	1	0	sulfonium betaine	human metabolite
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	2.59	2	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	7.98	4	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	2.07	1	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
propranolol glycol propranolol glycol: propranolol metabolite; potent anticonvulsant against strychnine induced convulsions	2.06	1	0
halofantrine halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria	7.9	20	2	phenanthrenes
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	5.27	5	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.07	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
pyridoxal phosphate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	pyridinecarbaldehyde
bezafibrate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.1	1	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.8	3	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.	2.07	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist
mefloquine (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	4.89	5	0	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol	antimalarial
nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	2.82	2	0	benzamides; carboxylic ester
torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.07	1	0	aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic
naphthoxybutanolcyclohexylamine naphthoxybutanolcyclohexylamine: structure	2.06	1	0
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.07	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	2.6	1	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
staurosporine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound	apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector
indalpine indalpine: selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	indoles
oltipraz oltipraz : A 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively.	2.6	1	0	1,2-dithiole; pyrazines	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimutagen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; neurotoxin; protective agent; schistosomicide drug
lidamidine lidamidine: synonym WHR-1142A refers to HCl; structure	2.07	1	0	ureas
ranitidine hydrochloride label : A role played by a part of a molecular entity distinguishable by the observer but not by the system and used to identify a tracer.	2.1	1	0
talniflumate talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma	2.07	1	0	benzofurans
nedocromil Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fiacitabine fiacitabine: anti-herpes virus agent which also inhibits growth of certain human tumor cell lines in vitro.	2.6	1	0
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	1.94	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
dazoxiben dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	3.6	2	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
tolrestat tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	naphthalenes	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
castanospermine castanospermine: indolizidine alkaloid from seeds of Australian legume, Castanospermum australe. castanospermine : A tetrahydroxyindolizidine alkaloid that consists of octahydroindolizine having four hydroxy substituents located at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 (the 1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR-diastereomer).	3.23	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anti-HIV-1 agent; anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	4.64	4	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
remoxipride Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.07	1	0	dimethoxybenzene
quinpirole Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.	1.98	1	0	pyrazoloquinoline	dopamine agonist
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	2.48	2	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.48	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
alpidem [no description available]	2.07	1	0	imidazoles
dopexamine dopexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	catecholamine
lonapalene RS 43179: used in treatment of psoriasis	2.07	1	0	naphthalenes; organochlorine compound
ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.	2.57	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol
ipsapirone [no description available]	2.07	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
brequinar brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.	2.6	1	0	biphenyls; monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.6	1	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
sematilide sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.6	1	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
zileuton [no description available]	2.07	1	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
remacemide remacemide: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	stilbenoid
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	2.06	1	0	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	2.6	1	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.08	1	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
celgosivir celgosivir: inhibits glycoprotein processing & the growth of HIVs	3.73	2	0
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	3.92	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
atorvastatin [no description available]	7.76	3	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	2.59	2	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.81	3	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.6	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.6	1	0	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	2.6	1	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	1.94	1	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
octyl gallate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	gallate ester	food antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
paroxetine hydrochloride paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.	2.48	2	0	hydrochloride	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
verapamil hydrochloride verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.	2.49	2	0
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	7.77	3	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	4.29	4	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.	3.23	1	0	2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate [no description available]	2.63	3	0
propamidine propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; guanidines; polyether	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug
betulinic acid [no description available]	3.82	2	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
arctigenin arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants	2.6	1	0	lignan
baicalin [no description available]	3.82	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	2.6	1	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
amprenavir [no description available]	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	2.58	2	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	3.86	2	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent.	1.97	1	0	iodine oxoacid
neocuproine neocuproine: Spectrophotometric determination of copper and ultramicro blood sugar determinations; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. neocuproine : A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 9.	2.06	1	0	phenanthrolines	chelator; copper chelator
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.6	1	0	gallate ester; galloyl beta-D-glucose	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger
cephalotaxine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; cyclic acetal; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
desipramine hydrochloride desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.	2.6	1	0	hydrochloride	drug allergen
mefloquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydrochloride
fenclofenac fenclofenac: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether
fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination fanasil, pyrimethamine drug combination: combination drug containing fanasil & pyrimethamine	20.37	215	107
sinefungin [no description available]	4.19	2	0	adenosines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
proxicromil proxicromil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0
aloxistatin aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.	2.6	1	0	epoxide; ethyl ester; L-leucine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticoronaviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor
propazole propazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles
torbafylline torbafylline: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
prulifloxacin prulifloxacin: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic
repaglinide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.58	2	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
bergenin bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure	2.6	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	metabolite
toxoflavin toxoflavin: azapteridine antibiotic; structure. toxoflavin : A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7.	2.06	1	0	carbonyl compound; pyrimidotriazine	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; toxin; virulence factor; Wnt signalling inhibitor
1h-tetrazole tetrazole : An azaarene that is a five-membered ring composed of 4 nitrogen and 1 carbon atom.. 2H-tetrazole : A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 2 position.	2.08	1	0	one-carbon compound; tetrazole
formamidine formamidine: RN given refers to parent compound. formamidine : The smallest member of the class of carboxamidines being formic acid with the O and OH groups from the carboxy function replaced by NH and NH2 groups respectively. The parent of the class of formamidines.	2	1	0	carboxamidine; formamidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
pinocembrin pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.	3.35	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; dihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
diphetarsone diphetarsone: RN given refers to di-Na salt in Chemline	1.93	1	0
4-aminoquinoline [no description available]	5.94	13	0
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	2.8	3	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.9	2	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
fexinidazole fexinidazole: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	15.48	72	18	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
plasmenylserine plasmenylserine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. O-phospho-L-serine : The L-enantiomer of O-phosphoserine.. O-phosphoserine : A serine derivative that is serine substituted at the oxygen atom by a phosphono group.	2.06	1	0	O-phosphoserine	EC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
brinzolamide brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent	2.6	1	0	sulfonamide; thienothiazine	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
artemether Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	14.91	62	27	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; organic peroxide; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial
quinocide quinocide: Russian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.06	1	0
indole-3-carboxylic acid indole-3-carboxylic acid : An indole-3-carboxylic acid carrying a carboxy group at position 3.	2.31	1	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
2,2',2''-terpyridine 2,2',2''-terpyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine : A tridentate heterocyclic ligand that binds metals at three meridional sites giving two adjacent 5-membered MN2C2 chelate rings.	2.06	1	0	terpyridines	chelator
dipropylacetamide dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.	2.6	1	0	fatty amide	geroprotector; metabolite; teratogenic agent
oxprenolol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	2.07	1	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
uk 68798 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
clobetasone butyrate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	organic molecular entity
opipramol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0
moroxydine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	biguanides
mepindolol mepindolol: 2-methyl deriv of pindolol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	indoles
fpl 52791 FPL 52791: also has anti-allergic properties; related to sodium cromoglycate; structure	2.07	1	0
penicillin n penicillin N: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(S*)))-isomer; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #6887	1.93	1	0	penicillin
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.48	2	0	benzofurans
cletoquine [no description available]	2.06	1	0
tebuquine [no description available]	2.69	3	0
epanolol epanolol: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	acetamides
thioxolone tioxolone : A 1,3-benzoxathiole having a hydroxy substituent at the 6-position.	2.6	1	0	benzoxathiole	antiseborrheic
methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.	3.64	2	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; cholinergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
honokiol [no description available]	3.82	2	0	biphenyls
jatrorrhizine jatrorrhizine: isolated from bark of Enantia chlorantha (Annonaceae); structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	alkaloid
nobiletin nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.6	1	0	methoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lycorine lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.	3.96	3	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
leupeptin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
pacein PAcein: structure. pacein : A member of the class of benzofurans that is dibenzo[b,d]furan-3,7-dione bearing two methyl substituents at positions 1 and 9 as well as two 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylanilino substituents at positions 2 and 8.. orcein : A variable mixture of several compounds isolated from lichens, the eight most abundant being alpha-aminoorcein, alpha-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorcein, gamma-aminoorcein, beta-hydroxyorcein, gamma-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorceimine and beta-aminoorceimine (all are phenoxazine-based). It is used for the demonstration of elastic fibres as well as to stain the rough endoplasmic reticulum of hepatitis B infected liver cells.	3.31	1	0
bathophenanthroline 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline : A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two phenyl substituents at positions 4 and 7.	2.06	1	0	benzenes; phenanthrolines	chelator
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	3.68	2	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
isoalantolactone isoalantolactone: RN given refers to (3aR-(3aalpha,4aalpha,8abeta,9aalpha))-isomer; structure. isoalantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group. It has been isolated from Inula helenium.	2.25	1	0	eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; sesquiterpene lactone	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
LSM-4272 [no description available]	2.06	1	0	beta-carbolines
calpeptin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
fangchinoline [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; macrocycle	anti-HIV-1 agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
tryptanthrine tryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing dai	2.06	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
maslinic acid (2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria	2.6	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	8.92	19	4	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
eletriptan eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.	2.08	1	0	indoles; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	3.32	6	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
dichlorquinazine [no description available]	3.06	5	0
5-chloroindole 5-chloroindole: a positive allosteric modulator of the 5-HT3 receptor	3.51	1	0
loganin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; cyclopentapyran; enoate ester; iridoid monoterpenoid; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
ethylhydrocupreine ethylhydrocupreine: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. optochin : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of 10,11-dihydrocinchonan bearing hydroxy and ethoxy substituents at positions 9 and 6' respectively.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; cinchona alkaloid	EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
2,4-diamino-5,6-dihydro-6,6-dimethyl-5-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-s-triazine 2,4-diamino-5,6-dihydro-6,6-dimethyl-5-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-s-triazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	2.07	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
nsc-172755 butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)	4.75	2	1
cinchonine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
moexipril [no description available]	2.6	1	0	peptide
aucubin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
catalpol [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
lekoptin (S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.	2.6	1	0	2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
lopinavir [no description available]	10.06	4	0	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
levcromakalim [no description available]	2.07	1	0	1-benzopyran
7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline: structure given in first source	4.18	4	0	aminoquinoline
osajin osajin: from Maclura pomifera	3.17	1	0	isoflavanones
desethylchloroquine desethylchloroquine: metabolite of chloroquine	3.78	2	1	aminoquinoline
mmv665852 MMV665852: an antischistosomal agent	2.06	1	0
1,3,4,10-Tetrahydro-9(2H)-acridinone [no description available]	2.06	1	0	acridines
imidazoleacetic acid imidazoleacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without specific location of acetic acid attachment identified; structure. imidazol-5-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-5-yl group.. imidazol-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-4-yl group.	1.96	1	0	imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid	metabolite; mouse metabolite
wr 158122 WR 158122: structure	2.06	1	0
3-heptyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylquinoline 3-heptyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylquinoline: structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
10-deazaaminopterin [no description available]	2.06	1	0
n-methyladenosine N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.	2.6	1	0	methyladenosine
hexylcaine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	1.95	1	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
desethylamiodarone desethylamiodarone: metabolite of amiodarone; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	aromatic ketone
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	2.07	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
sr141716 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	2.07	1	0	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
fpl 55712 FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone
artesunic acid [no description available]	19.27	184	84
s-ethyl glutathione [no description available]	2.05	1	0	oligopeptide
sivelestat sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source	2.57	2	0	N-acylglycine; pivalate ester
dihydroergocristine Dihydroergocristine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE that contains an isopropyl sidechain at the 2' position of the molecule.. dihydroergocristine : Ergocristine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. It is used as the mesylate salt for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease.	2.06	1	0	ergot alkaloid	adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pyronaridine [no description available]	9.92	27	2	aminoquinoline
geniposide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	terpene glycoside
epicatechin gallate epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.	3.35	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	2.6	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
benzamil [no description available]	2.06	1	0	guanidines; pyrazines
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil 3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart	2.06	1	0	guanidines; pyrazines
1,3-dichloro-6-trifluoromethyl-9-phenanthryl-3-(n-butyl)aminopropanol 1,3-dichloro-6-trifluoromethyl-9-phenanthryl-3-(n-butyl)aminopropanol: structure given in first source	3.42	1	1
sophocarpine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
tafenoquine tafenoquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tafenoquine.. N(4)-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine : An aminoquinoline that is 8-aminoquinoline which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6, a methyl group at position 4, and a m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5, and in which the amino substituent at position 8 is itself substituted by a 5-aminopentan-2-yl group.	1.97	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; primary amino compound; secondary amino compound
marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
elacridar Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0
cleistanthin b cleistanthin B: toxic constituent of Cleistanthus collinus. cleistanthin B : A member of the class of cleistanthins that is cleistanthin A in which the 3,4-di-O-methyl-D-xylopyranosyl group is replaced by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl group.	2.06	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; cleistanthins; monosaccharide derivative	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic
parecoxib parecoxib: structure in first source. parecoxib : An N-acylsulfonamide resulting from the formal condensation of valdecoxib with propionic acid. It is a prodrug for valdecoxib.	3.51	1	0	isoxazoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
n-acetyltyramine N-acetyltyramine: structure given in first source. N-acetyltyramine : A member of the class of tyramines that is tyramine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by an acetyl group.	2.06	1	0	acetamides; tyramines	animal metabolite; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor
wr 99210 BRL 6231: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM & N1 refer to HCl; synonym BRL 51084 refers to (mono-HBr); structure	1.97	1	0
fpl-52694 FPL-52694: mast cell stabilizer; RN given refers to parent cpd; FPL-52694 is mono-Na salt; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
desethylamodiaquine desethylamodiaquine: metabolite of amodiaquine	11.28	79	12
piperaquine piperaquine : An aminoquinoline that is 1,3-di(piperazin-1-yl)propane in which the nitrogen at position 4 of each of the piperazine moieties is replaced by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group.	15.98	65	24	aminoquinoline; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	antimalarial
1,3-di(4-imidazolinophenoxyl)propane 1,3-di(4-imidazolinophenoxyl)propane: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
celastrol [no description available]	2.76	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
gefitinib [no description available]	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)	2.6	1	0	leucine derivative
ramatroban [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity
vadimezan vadimezan : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group.	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; xanthones	antineoplastic agent
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	2.46	2	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
methotrexate [no description available]	3.63	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
xaliproden xaliproden : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.	2.07	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; naphthalenes; tertiary amino compound; tetrahydropyridine	serotonergic agonist
wr 194965 WR 194965: structure given in first source	2.38	2	0
n-isobutyrylcysteine N-isobutyrylcysteine: RN given refers to L-isomer	2.07	1	0
7h-pyrido(4,3-c)carbazole 7H-pyrido(4,3-c)carbazole: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
dexpanthenol dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid	2.07	1	0	amino alcohol; monocarboxylic acid amide	cholinergic drug; provitamin
umifenovir umifenovir: an antiviral agent	2.6	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
safinamide safinamide: short-acting inhibitor of MOA-B; FCE 26743 is (S)-isomer, FCE 28073 is (R)-isomer; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
quilostigmine quilostigmine: RN given for (3aS,cis)-isomer; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	pyrroloindole
ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
imiloxan [no description available]	2.47	2	0	benzodioxine
metakelfin metakelfin: combination of above cpds; used in treatment of malaria	3.36	1	1
cl 246738 3,6-bis(2-piperidinoethoxy)acridine trihydrochloride: immunomodulator; structure given in first source; RN given for tri-HCl	2.06	1	0
aspartame [no description available]	2.07	1	0	carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	3.07	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
tempol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aminoxyls; hydroxypiperidine	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; catalyst; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).	2.6	1	0	carbohydrazide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	2.8	3	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	3.31	1	0	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
vatalanib [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; pyridines; secondary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
vx 497 N-3-(3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-ylphenyl)ureido)benzylcarbamic acid tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester: structure in first source	3.86	2	0
borneo Borneo: An island in the Malay Archipelago, east of Sumatra, north of Java, and west of Celebes. It is the third largest island in the world. Its name is a Portuguese alteration of BRUNEI, located on it. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p163; Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p73)	1.95	1	0	organofluorine acaricide
clevidipine clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	dihydropyridine
bcx 1812 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; acetamides; cyclopentanols; guanidines	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
bazedoxifene [no description available]	3.17	1	0	phenylindole
hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.	2.07	1	0	tropane alkaloid
schizandrin a schizandrin A: the major lignan, 2-9%, of Schisandra plant; has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities	3.31	1	0
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.82	3	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.06	1	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
lactitol lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.	2.07	1	0	glycosyl alditol	cathartic; excipient; laxative
atazanavir sulfate Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.	2.31	1	0	organic sulfate salt
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866	2.81	3	0	biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
telbivudine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
celastrol methyl ester celastrol methyl ester: isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii; potent inhibitory activity on both Kir2.1 and ERG1 potassium channels, leading to LONG QT SYNDROME	2.55	2	0	carboxylic ester
resiquimod S 28463: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	imidazoquinoline
epiberberine epiberberine: isolated in plants of Coptis from China	2.06	1	0
2-phenyl-4-oxohydroquinoline 2-phenyl-4-oxohydroquinoline: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
fpl 52757 FPL 52757: FPL 52758 is Na salt of FPL 52757; structure in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0
tanshinone ii a tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source	3.92	2	0	abietane diterpenoid
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	2.07	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.	3.17	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; azamacrocycle; echinocandin; heterodetic cyclic peptide; semisynthetic derivative
metaperiodate metaperiodate: RN given refers to periodic acid, Na salt; structure. periodate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.	1.97	1	0	iodine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
anacardic acid anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor. anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybenzoic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
fpl 59257 FPL 59257: abolishes cough response & partly inhibits bronchoconstriction produced by leukotrienes C & D	2.07	1	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.65	3	0
cypripedin cypripedin: sensitizing agent for contact dermatitis from Lady Slipper (Cypripedium calceolus); structure	2.06	1	0	phenanthrol
ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.	2.07	1	0	piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine	local anaesthetic
migalastat migalastat: a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesis	2.6	1	0	piperidines
erlotinib [no description available]	4.16	4	0	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	2.03	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
zeneca zd 6169 Zeneca ZD 6169: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
limonin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	epoxide; furans; hexacyclic triterpenoid; lactone; limonoid; organic heterohexacyclic compound	inhibitor; metabolite; volatile oil component
sibenadet sibenadet: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.	2.6	1	0	glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	1.97	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
respinomycin d respinomycin D: structure given in first source; isolated from Streptomyces xanthocidicus	2.06	1	0
azacrin azacrin: structure	1.93	1	0
etravirine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
latrepirdine latrepirdine: structure	2.07	1	0	methylpyridines; pyridoindole	geroprotector
fe(iii)-edta Fe(III)-EDTA: iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	4.41	1	1	iron coordination entity
chelidonine chelidonine: benzophenanthridine derived from scoulerine from Chelidonium majus; RN given refers to parent cpd (chelidonine, (5bR-(5balpha,6beta,12alpha))-isomer)	2.6	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; alkaloid fundamental parent; benzophenanthridine alkaloid
(-)-gallocatechin gallate (-)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-gallocatechin. A natural product found in found in green tea.	3.35	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.08	1	0	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
4-n-butylresorcinol 4-n-butylresorcinol: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	resorcinols
dronedarone Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	3.17	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ramelteon ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist	2.07	1	0	indanes
lapatinib [no description available]	2.48	2	0	furans; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; quinazolines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
dapivirine Dapivirine: effectively prevented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells, representing primary targets in sexual transmission	2.6	1	0
sorafenib [no description available]	2.07	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
nutlin 3 [no description available]	3.41	1	0	stilbenoid
1-methylpropyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide 1-methylpropyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide: a thioredoxin inhibitor with antineoplastic activity	3.41	1	0	imidazoles
cortisone [no description available]	2.07	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
acetoxycycloheximide acetoxycycloheximide: structure	2.06	1	0
(R)-Roemerine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid
nsc 74859 NSC 74859: inhibits Stat3 binding activity; structure in first source. S3I-201 : An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)oxy]acetic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid.	2.6	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; tosylate ester	STAT3 inhibitor
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	3.41	1	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.02	1	0
lupeol [no description available]	3.31	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite
phenethicillin phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.	2.07	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin
berbamine [no description available]	3.68	2	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.	3.78	2	0	alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor
u-104 SLC-0111: a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	4.87	4	2
7-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxanyl]-1-benzopyran-4-one [no description available]	2.6	1	0	glycoside
bortezomib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	8.27	5	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
tizoxanide tizoxanide: major metabolite of nitazoxanide; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	salicylamides
mensacarcin mensacarcin: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
s-adenosylhomocysteine S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.	3.53	2	0	adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide	cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	3.31	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	3.45	2	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
salicin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; aryl beta-D-glucoside; benzyl alcohols	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
puromycin [no description available]	2.06	1	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	10.93	20	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
conessine conessine : A steroid alkaloid that is con-5-enine substituted by a N,N-dimethylamino group at position 3. It has been isolated from the plant species of the family Apocynaceae.	2.6	1	0	steroid alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; H3-receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	2.75	3	0	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	3.45	2	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	2.52	2	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.6	1	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
terconazole terconazole: structure & RN for (cis)-isomer from first source. terconazole : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-terconazole. It has broad-spectrum antifungal activitiy and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections (Candida).. (2R,4S)-terconazole : A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively.	3.41	1	0	1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine
linezolid [no description available]	2.57	2	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
(S)-bicalutamide (S)-bicalutamide : A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.	2.07	1	0	N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide
hippeastrine hippeastrine: isolated from Amaryllidaceae; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5alpha)-isomer. hippeastrine : An indole alkaloid isolated from the Amaryllidaceae family and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.	2.15	1	0	delta-lactone; indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cephaelin cephaelin: do not confuse with cephalin of brain; after emetine this is the most important alkaloid of ipecac; protein synthesis inhibitor. cephaeline : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having a hydroxy group at the 6'-position and methoxy substituents at the 7'-, 10- and 11-positions.	2.55	2	0	pyridoisoquinoline
(-)-usnic acid (-)-usnic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of usnic acid.	2.6	1	0	usnic acid	EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal: a proteasome inhibitor. acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal : A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.	2.6	1	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	cysteine protease inhibitor
devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	2.07	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug
1-O-Acetyllycorine 1-acetyllycorine: has antiviral activity; structure in first source	4.18	2	0	alkaloid
halcinonide Halcinonide: A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation.	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	SMO receptor agonist
metrizamide Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.	2.07	1	0	amino sugar
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.08	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.79	3	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	3.92	2	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.6	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.04	1	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
docosahexaenoate efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.	3.51	1	0	docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	3.51	1	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2.6	1	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
(3R,5S)-fluvastatin (3R,5S)-fluvastatin : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which the stereocentres beta- and delta- to the carboxy group have R and S configuration, respectively. The drug fluvastatin is an equimolar mixture of this compound and its enantiomer.	4.22	2	0	(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid; statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.08	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	2.88	4	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	3.23	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	13.09	6	3
lycopene [no description available]	2.6	1	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	5.81	7	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
epothilone b [no description available]	2.06	1	0	epothilone; epoxide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; microtubule-stabilising agent
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	2.11	1	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
roflumilast [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; benzamides; chloropyridine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound	anti-asthmatic drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
L-cycloserine L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.	2.6	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one	anti-HIV agent; anticonvulsant; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.6	1	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
wr-142,490 (+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (+)-(11R,2'S)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	2.06	1	0	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol	antimalarial
artenimol [no description available]	2.88	3	0
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.06	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
bevirimat bevirimat: an HIV inhibitor; disrupts late step in processing HIV Major Core Protein p24, preventing the capsid precursor p25 from being converted to mature capsid p24. bevirimat : A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems.	2.6	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	HIV-1 maturation inhibitor; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.07	1	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
1,3,6-trimethylpyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dione [no description available]	2.06	1	0	pyrimidotriazine
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.6	1	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.6	1	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole [no description available]	3.82	2	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
gw 257406x maribavir: has antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus	2.6	1	0
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.6	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[3-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	tropane alkaloid
cmx 001 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
amd 8664 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
bay 41-4109 BAY 41-4109: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
bay 57-1293 pritelivir: herpes simplex virus 1 helicase-primase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
favipiravir favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.	4.22	4	0	hydroxypyrazine; organofluorine compound; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
2'-c-methylcytidine 2'-C-methylcytidine: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
n-nonyl-1-deoxynojirimycin N-nonyldeoxynojirimycin : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin (duvoglustat) in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a nonyl group.	3.23	1	0	hydroxypiperidine; tertiary amino compound	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.45 (glucosylceramidase) inhibitor
isoxanthohumol isoxanthohumol: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	flavanones
1-(2-Naphthylmethyl)-2,3-dioxo-indoline-5-carboxamide [no description available]	3.41	1	0	indolecarboxamide	anticoronaviral agent
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	1.96	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
jp-1302 [no description available]	2.06	1	0
4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-n-hydroxybutanamide 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N-hydroxybutanamide: a c-FLIP inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
methyl indole-3-carboxylate methyl indole-3-carboxylate : The methyl ester of indole-3-carboxylic acid.	3.86	2	0	indoles; methyl ester	metabolite
mecarbinate [no description available]	2.6	1	0
artemisin [no description available]	3.65	3	0
carbenoxolone [no description available]	3.31	1	0
hirsutanone hirsutanone: from methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Viscum cruciatum (Viscaceae)	3.41	1	0	diarylheptanoid
7-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1,4-phenanthrenedione 7-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1,4-phenanthrenedione: structure in first source; from Dendrobium densiflorum	2.06	1	0
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.65	10	0	isomethyleugenol
citral citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange.	3.31	1	0	enal; monoterpenoid; polyprenal	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
chloroquine diphosphate [no description available]	2.25	1	0	chloroquine
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	4.41	1	1	diphosphate ion
cgp 60474 [no description available]	2.06	1	0	substituted aniline
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal: a capase inhibitor. Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-H : A tetrapeptide consisting of two L-aspartic acid residues, an L-glutamyl residue and an L-valine residue with an acetyl group at the N-terminal and with the C-terminal carboxy group reduced to an aldehyde. It is an inhibitor of caspase-3/7.	2.6	1	0	tetrapeptide	protease inhibitor
benzoic acid [5-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-3-pyrazolyl] ester [no description available]	3.35	1	0	benzoate ester
lanatoside c lanatoside C: RN given refers to (3beta,5beta,12beta)-isomer	5.4	3	0
octotropine methylbromide octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.	2.6	1	0
(1S,2R)-2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available]	2.06	1	0	alkylbenzene
2-[2-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1-naphthalenyl]-N-phenylacetamide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	naphthols
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	15.61	84	36
chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.	2.07	1	0	chlorprothixene
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	2.07	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	2.6	1	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.07	1	0	pyrimidone
jrf 12 N2,N4-dibenzylquinazoline-2,4-diamine: a selective, potent, reversible, and ATP-competitive p97 inhibitor	2.6	1	0
crotamiton [no description available]	2.07	1	0
3,4'-dihydroxyflavone 3,4'-dihydroxyflavone: an antioxidant; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
N4-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-N2-(phenylmethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aralkylamine
n-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine N-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine: calcium-activated small conductance potassium channels inhibitor; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' respectively.	2.6	1	0	methoxycinnamic acid
isoferulic acid isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure. isoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring.	2.6	1	0	ferulic acids	antioxidant; biomarker; metabolite
2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	benzimidazoles
n-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine N-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine: an SK channel inhibitor	2.06	1	0
N-[4-(1-azepanyl)phenyl]-2-chloroacetamide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	anilide
cyclouridine cyclouridine: structure given in third source	2.6	1	0
N-(4-methylphenyl)carbamic acid (cyclopentylideneamino) ester [no description available]	2.06	1	0	toluenes
(2'-(4-aminophenyl)-(2,5'-bi-1h-benzimidazol)-5-amine) [no description available]	2.06	1	0	benzimidazoles
1,4,8-trimethyl-12-quinolino[2,3-b]quinolinamine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aminoquinoline
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	2.48	2	0	diarylmethane
thiothixene [no description available]	3.64	2	0	N-methylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	3.82	2	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
2-furanyl-(4,4,8-trimethyl-1-sulfanylidene-5-dithiolo[3,4-c]quinolinyl)methanone [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aromatic amide; heteroarene
1-(6-methoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1-quinolinyl)-2-[[5-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]thio]ethanone [no description available]	2.06	1	0	quinolines
benztropine Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.	3.64	2	0	diarylmethane
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	2.07	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
stk295900 [no description available]	2.06	1	0
6-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole [no description available]	2.06	1	0	benzimidazoles
cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.	2.1	1	0	diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	2.53	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
zucapsaicin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.07	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
zuclomiphene Zuclomiphene: The cis or (Z)-isomer of clomiphene.	3.17	1	0	stilbenoid
metiamide Metiamide: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent.	1.95	1	0	imidazoles
nbd 556 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
N9-(4-butoxyphenyl)-6,8,10-triazaspiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-7,9-diamine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether
N-[2-[5-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-ethyl-1-phenyl-2-benzimidazol-3-iumyl]ethenyl]-N-methylaniline [no description available]	2.06	1	0	benzimidazoles
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	2.36	2	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	3.45	2	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione 4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione: inhibits ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1	2.6	1	0
tamoxifen [no description available]	4.79	5	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
nadp [no description available]	2.06	1	0
4-(1-adamantyl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazole [no description available]	2.06	1	0	thiazoles
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	2.07	1	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
2-amino-6-[4-(6-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile [no description available]	2.06	1	0	piperazines; pyridines
srpin340 SRPIN340: Serine-Arginine-Rich Protein Kinase Inhibitor	2.6	1	0
1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyrazolyl]urea [no description available]	2.06	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
pr-619 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
p5091 P5091: inhibits ubiquitin-specific protease 7; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
S-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl] 5-(phenylethynyl)furan-2-carbothioate [no description available]	3.41	1	0	acetylenic compound; furans; organofluorine compound; thioester; triazoles
2-(4,6,7-Trimethyl-2-quinazolinyl)guanidine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	quinazolines
polysulfide rubber [no description available]	2.06	1	0
lch-7749944 LCH-7749944: potent p21-activated kinase 4 inhibitor, structure in first source	2.06	1	0
4-(4-nitrophenyl)-N-prop-2-enyl-1-piperazinecarbothioamide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	piperazines
scopolamine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid
artemotil artemotil: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.51	2	0	artemisinin derivative
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	3.04	1	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	1.94	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
trovirdine trovirdine: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	2.07	1	0	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
fti 277 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.	4.96	3	0	aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
vicriviroc vicriviroc: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
telaprevir [no description available]	2.6	1	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
burimamide Burimamide: An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.	1.95	1	0	imidazoles
enpiroline enpiroline: structure	2.38	2	0
droloxifene [no description available]	3.17	1	0	stilbenoid
raclopride Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.	2.08	1	0	salicylamides
almokalant almokalant: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.6	1	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
quinine [no description available]	15.58	143	8	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
hirsutine [no description available]	3.31	1	0
vx-745 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aryl sulfide; dichlorobenzene; difluorobenzene; pyrimidopyridazine	anti-inflammatory drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
deracoxib SC 046: structure in first source. deracoxib : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3, and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, difluoromethyl and 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs.	2.07	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	4.7	4	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
2-aminohippuric acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	N-acylglycine
zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	phosphatidyl-L-serine
salinomycin salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.57	2	0	polyketide; spiroketal	animal growth promotant; potassium ionophore
yya-021 YYA-021: an HIV entry inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
N-(4-Butan-2-ylphenyl)-N-[2-(cyclopentylamino)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]furan-2-carboxamide [no description available]	3.41	1	0	aromatic amide; furans	anticoronaviral agent
5-bromo-1-(1-oxopropyl)-N,N-dipropyl-2,3-dihydroindole-7-sulfonamide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	indoles
N-cyclohexyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[d]isoxazole-3-carboxamide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	aromatic amide; heteroarene
rs-130830 RS-130830: orally-active broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor	2.07	1	0
2-[(3-ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-6,8-dihydro-5H-pyrido[2,3]thieno[2,4-b]pyrimidin-2-yl)thio]-N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
sb 415286 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	C-nitro compound; maleimides; monochlorobenzenes; phenols; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	5.05	5	2
4-methylene-2-octyl-5-oxo-3-oxolanecarboxylic acid 4-methylidene-2-octyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid : A tetrahydrofuranone that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by octyl, carboxy, methylidene, and oxo groups at positions 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	3.23	1	0	gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; tetrahydrofuranone
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.57	2	0	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	3.62	2	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
7-chloro-N-(phenylmethyl)-4-quinolinamine [no description available]	2.31	1	0	aminoquinoline
tak-220 TAK-220: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
jtk-303 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
nbd 557 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
quercetin [no description available]	4.84	5	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
luteolin [no description available]	4.29	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	3.51	1	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
quercitrin [no description available]	3.31	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	2.07	1	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.07	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
5'-o-caffeoylquinic acid trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid : A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid.	2.6	1	0	cinnamate ester; cyclitol carboxylic acid	plant metabolite
luteolin-7-glucoside luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antioxidant; plant metabolite
alprostadil [no description available]	3.51	1	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cyclosporine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	3.35	1	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.6	1	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.07	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.6	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.75	3	0	aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines	anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist
mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.6	1	0	carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	2.6	1	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
caryophyllene (-)-beta-caryophyllene : A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves.. beta-caryophyllene : A sesquiterpene with a [7.2.0]-bicyclic structure comprising fused 9- and 4-membered rings, with a trans-ring junction, a trans-double bond between the 4- and 5-positions of the 9-membered ring, a methylidene group at position 9, and methyl groups at positions 3, 11, and 11. The most commonly occurring form is the (1R,9S)-(-)-enantiomer, which is found in many essential oils, particularly clove oil.. cannabinoid : A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin.	3.31	1	0	beta-caryophyllene	fragrance; insect attractant; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amentoflavone [no description available]	3.92	2	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	2.6	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
genkwanin genkwanin: structure. genkwanin : A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	metabolite
hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	3.82	2	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.6	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anticoagulant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite
kaempferide kaempferide: structure in first source. kaempferide : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.	2.6	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antihypertensive agent; metabolite
myricetin [no description available]	3.35	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
orientin orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.	2.6	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; C-glycosyl compound; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
scutellarein scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.	2.6	1	0	tetrahydroxyflavone	metabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol	2.6	1	0	stilbenoid
polydatin trans-piceid : A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; polyphenol; stilbenoid	anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; nephroprotective agent; potassium channel modulator
chicoric acid chicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integrase	2.6	1	0	organooxygen compound	geroprotector; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.	2.6	1	0	catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	7.1	1	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
savinin savinin: a lignan from Pterocarpus santalinus inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and T cell proliferation; structure in first source. savinin : A lignan that is dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (gamma-butyrolactone) substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethylidene group at position 3 and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl group at position 4 (the 3E,4R-isomer). It exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.	3.41	1	0	benzodioxoles; gamma-lactone; lignan	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; T-cell proliferation inhibitor
prostaglandin a1 [no description available]	3.51	1	0	prostaglandins A
methymycin methymycin: structure. methymycin : A twelve-membered macrolide antibiotic that is biosynthesised by Streptomyces venezuelae.	1.93	1	0	enone; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative	bacterial metabolite
astragalin kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.	3.35	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite; trypanocidal drug
pheniramine maleate Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity
dothiepin hydrochloride Dothiepin: A tricyclic antidepressant with some tranquilizing action.	3.41	1	0	dothiepin
triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	2.07	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines	H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	3.51	1	0	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
homatropine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	tropane alkaloid
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	3.45	2	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
dorzolamide dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	2.6	1	0	sulfonamide; thiophenes	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.	2.07	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.48	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
proscillaridin Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).	3.17	1	0	organic molecular entity
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	2.57	2	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
trichomonacid trichomonacid: RN given refers to phosphate (1:3) salt	2.06	1	0
brefeldin a [no description available]	3.31	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.	3.23	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant
peridinin peridinin: structure	3.31	1	0
N-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	triazolopyrimidines
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-oxo-1H-isoindole-4-carboxamide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	isoindoles
ar c67085mx PSB-0413: a selective antagonist radioligand for platelet P2Y12 receptors	2.07	1	0
desoximetasone Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.	2.07	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
benzyloxycarbonyl-phe-ala-fluormethylketone cathepsin B inhibitor : A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1).	2.6	1	0
n-(n-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)alanyl)phenylglycine tert-butyl ester DAPT : A dipeptide consisting of alanylphenylglycine derivatised as a 3,5-difluorophenylacetamide at the amino terminal and a tert-butyl ester at the carboxy terminal. A gamma-secretase inhibitor.	2.6	1	0	carboxylic ester; difluorobenzene; dipeptide; tert-butyl ester	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
sb 223412 SB 223412: SB-223412 is the (S)-(-)-isomer; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
cgp 71683 a [no description available]	2.06	1	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
casticin casticin: from fruit of Vitex rotundifolia; structure in second source. casticin : A tetramethoxyflavone that consists of quercetagetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 6, 7 and 4' have been replaced by methoxy groups. It has been isolated from Eremophila mitchellii.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; tetramethoxyflavone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
andrographolide [no description available]	3.31	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one: isolated from the Chinese herb Scutellariae radix. oroxylin A : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-6.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
(E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside: Tyrosinase inhibitor from Polygonum multiflorum; structure in first source. (E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside : A stilbenoid that is trans-stilbene which has been substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 5, and 4', and in which the hydroxy group at positon 2 has then been converted to the corresponding the beta-D-glucoside.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; resorcinols; stilbenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	2.07	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
tyrphostin ag 555 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
su 11248 [no description available]	3.62	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
2-(dimethylaminostyryl)-1-ethylpyridinium 2-(dimethylaminostyryl)-1-ethylpyridinium: fluorescent monitor for energetic state of isolated brown- adipose-tissue mitochondria; RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym DASPEI refers to iodide	2.06	1	0	pyridinium ion
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.	2.08	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound
pd 151746 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.34	2	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.07	1	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	2.98	4	0	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
lasalocid Lasalocid: Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.. lasalocid : A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.	2.17	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; oxanes; oxolanes; polyether antibiotic; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; coccidiostat; ionophore
cefixime [no description available]	2.07	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.6	1	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
verteporfin (2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.	2.6	1	0
batimastat batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-phenylalanine derivative; organic sulfide; secondary carboxamide; thiophenes; triamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.6	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
zimeldine Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)	2.07	1	0	styrenes
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.41	2	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
solanesol solanesol : A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).	2.6	1	0	nonaprenol; primary alcohol	plant metabolite
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	2.6	1	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
cefuroxime [no description available]	2.25	1	0	3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether	drug allergen
ceftriaxone [no description available]	2.08	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
l 685458 L 685458: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; structure in first source. L-685,458 : A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere, 2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; peptide; secondary alcohol	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; peptidomimetic
tiotropium tiotropium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of the tertiary amino group of (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane. Used (in the form of the bromide hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	2.07	1	0
bms 806 BMS 806: prevents entry of HIV into cells by binding HIV envelope protein gp120; no further info available 4/2002	2.6	1	0
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone [no description available]	2.6	1	0
guanabenz Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.07	1	0	dichlorobenzene
hydrocortisone acetate, (11beta)-isomer [no description available]	2.06	1	0
famotidine [no description available]	2.25	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
tulobuterol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity
xib 4035 XIB 4035: a GFRalpha-1 agonist; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
salubrinal salubrinal: prevents dephosphorylation of eIF2alpha; structure in first source. salubrinal : A member of the class of quinolines that is a mixed aminal resulting from the formal condensation oftrichloroacetaldehyde with the amide nitrogen of trans-cinnamamide and the primary amino group of 1-quinolin-8-ylthiourea. It is a selective inhibitor of cellular complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2alpha).	2.6	1	0	aminal; organochlorine compound; quinolines; secondary carboxamide; thioureas
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	2.08	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
nw 1029 Ralfinamide: Sodium Channel Blocker; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
10-hydroxy-3-methyl-8-pentyl-2,4-dihydro-1H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridin-5-one [no description available]	2.06	1	0	pyridochromene
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.	14.48	58	11	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.	2.44	2	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes	apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin
germacrone germacrone: isolated from Curcuma wenyujin	2.6	1	0	germacrane sesquiterpenoid; olefinic compound	androgen antagonist; anti-inflammatory agent; antifeedant; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antitussive; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; hepatoprotective agent; insecticide; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
lumefantrine Lumefantrine: A fluorene derivative that is used in combination with ARTEMETHER for the treatment of MALARIA (see ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE DRUG COMBINATION).. lumefantrine : A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9-(p-chlorobenzylidene)-9H-fluorene which is substitutec by chlorine at positions 2 and 7, and by a 2-(dibutylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. An antimalarial drug used in combination with artemether for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	14.9	62	27	fluorenes; monochlorobenzenes; secondary alcohol; tertiary amine	antimalarial
(2e,4e,6e,10e)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid (2E,4E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid: an acyclic retinoid that suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
squalestatin 1 squalestatin 1: structure given in first source; inhibits both mammalian and fungal squalene synthetase; from fungus Phoma sp (Coelomycetes). zaragozic acid A : A polyketide isolated from fungi that is a potent inhibitor of fungal and mammalian squalene synthase.	3.23	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; oxabicycloalkane; polyketide; tertiary alcohol; tricarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.21 (squalene synthase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
broussochalcone a broussochalcone A: RN given for (E)-isomer; inhibits neutrophil respiratory burst; structure in first source	3.41	1	0
ici d1542 ICI D1542: redirects arachidonic acid metabolism; an inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase and of thromboxane receptors	2.07	1	0
rupintrivir rupintrivir: a rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitor	3.41	1	0
antibiotic 1233a antibiotic 1233A: beta-lactone antibiotic from Cephalosporium; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase & 3C protease, viral inhibitor; structure in first source	3.23	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
lithospermic acid [no description available]	2.6	1	0
laq824 LAQ824: Histone deacetylase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
ekb 569 EKB 569: an EGF receptor kinase inhibitor	2.6	1	0	aminoquinoline; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	protein kinase inhibitor
gavestinel [no description available]	2.07	1	0
cgp-56697 Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination: Drug combination of artemether and lumefantrine that is used to treat PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM MALARIA.	17.75	124	69
rilpivirine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aminopyrimidine; nitrile	EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
(1Ar,7aS,10aS,10bS)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octahydrooxireno[9,10]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one [no description available]	2.6	1	0	germacranolide
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid [no description available]	2.6	1	0	quinic acid
indigo carmine 3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.	2.6	1	0
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide	serotonergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
beta-escin [no description available]	1.94	1	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	2.07	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	1.98	1	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
dantrolene [no description available]	2.07	1	0
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	4.79	8	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
edatrexate edatrexate: structure given in first source	2.06	1	0	glutamic acid derivative
tipredane [no description available]	2.07	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
ciclesonide ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis	3.6	2	0	organic molecular entity
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone [no description available]	2.6	1	0	oligopeptide
vildagliptin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
belinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; olefinic compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
hdac-42 HDAC-42: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
bentiromide bentiromide: chymotrypsin labile peptide used diagnostically as an index of exocrine pancreas function. bentiromide : The dipeptide obtained by condensation of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine with 4-aminobenzoic acid. Used as a noninvasive screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy, it is given by mouth: the amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas.	2.07	1	0	dipeptide	diagnostic agent; indicator; reagent
cyclo(leucyl-prolyl) cyclo(leucyl-prolyl): structure in first source. cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide composed from leucyl and prolyl residues.	3.31	1	0	dipeptide; homodetic cyclic peptide; pyrrolopyrazine	bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite
loa lithocholic acid acetate: structure in first source	8.44	1	1
5-Chloro-3-pyridinyl 2-furoate [no description available]	3.41	1	0	carboxylic ester	anticoronaviral agent
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.41	2	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
mannich bases Mannich Bases: Ketonic amines prepared from the condensation of a ketone with formaldehyde and ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. A Mannich base can act as the equivalent of an alpha,beta unsaturated ketone in synthesis or can be reduced to form physiologically active amino alcohols.	8.11	5	0
chlorproguanil chlorproguanil: dichloro-derivative of chloroguanide; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	13.95	7	2	dichlorobenzene
gemifloxacin Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.	2.07	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
gs-7340 tenofovir alafenamide: component of Biktarvy. tenofovir alafenamide : An L-alanine derivative that is isopropyl L-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an (S)-({[(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)(phenoxy)phosphoryl group. A prodrug for tenofovir, it is used (as the fumarate salt) in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	2.6	1	0	6-aminopurines; ether; isopropyl ester; L-alanine derivative; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
iniparib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound
n-(2-amino-5-fluorobenzyl)-4-(n-(pyridine-3-acrylyl)aminomethyl)benzamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0
pri-2205 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
mk 0752 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
utibapril utibapril: structure given in first source; prodrug for FPL 63547 diacid	2.07	1	0
givinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
pd 144418 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
bicyclol bicyclol: an antihepatitis drug, on the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in rats.	2.6	1	0
midostaurin midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; gamma-lactam; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
zd 9379 ZD 9379: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
ly 450139 [no description available]	2.57	2	0	peptide
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	7.35	2	0	organic molecular entity
cangrelor cangrelor: platelet P(2T) receptor antagonist. cangrelor : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.	2.07	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; aryl sulfide; nucleoside triphosphate analogue; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	3.16	5	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
sch 527123 [no description available]	2.07	1	0
rivaroxaban Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide; lactam; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; organochlorine compound; oxazolidinone; thiophenes	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
sb 3ct compound SB 3CT compound: a matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
norketotifen norketotifen: Ketotifen is an antimalarial prodrug of norketotifen with blood schizonticidal and liver-stage efficacy; structure in first source	2.06	1	0	organosulfur heterocyclic compound
rucaparib AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	azepinoindole; caprolactams; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
6h-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine-6-acetamide, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-, (6s)- [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
linaprazan linaprazan: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
cetilistat cetilistat: lipase inhibitor in randomized, placebo-controlled study of weight reduction in obese patients (3/2007)	2.6	1	0	benzoxazine
u 18666a 3-beta-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one: inhibits cycloartenol synthase. 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. It is a cholesterol synthesis and transport inhibitor.	3.23	1	0	hydrochloride	antiviral agent; EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; nicotinic antagonist; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
ym 201636 6-amino-N-(3-(4-(4-morpholinyl)pyrido(3',2'-4,5)furo(3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide: an antiviral agent; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide
osu 03012 OSU 03012: a PDK-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	3.31	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; aromatic amide; glycine derivative; organofluorine compound; phenanthrenes; pyrazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
linagliptin Linagliptin: A purine and quinazoline derivative that functions as an INCRETIN and DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBTOR. It is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT in the treatment of TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS.. linagliptin : A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type II diabetes.	2.6	1	0	aminopiperidine; quinazolines	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
lecozotan lecozotan: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
odanacatib odanacatib: a selective inhibitor of cathepsin K for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
apilimod [no description available]	2.6	1	0
apixaban [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; lactam; piperidones; pyrazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	15.78	65	25
ar c155858 AR C155858: an MCT1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
betrixaban betrixaban: a highly potent, selective, and orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor; structure in first source. betrixaban : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-methoxybenzamide. A synthetic anticoagulant compound that targets activated factor Xa in the coagulation cascade.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; guanidines; monochloropyridine; monomethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
edoxaban edoxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is used (as its tosylate monohydrate) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.	2.6	1	0	chloropyridine; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound; thiazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sotrastaurin sotrastaurin: a potent protein kinase C-selective inhibitor; structure in first source. sotrastaurin : A member of the class of maleimides that is maleimide which is substituted at position 3 by an indol-3-yl group and at position 4 by a quinazolin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted at position 2 by a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C and has been investigated as an immunosuppresant in renal transplant patients.	3.41	1	0	indoles; maleimides; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	anticoronaviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
aee 788 AEE 788: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	6-{4-[(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-N-(1-phenylethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; trypanocidal drug
saracatinib [no description available]	4.55	3	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; diether; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; oxanes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
gsk 369796 N-tert-butylisoquine: an antimalarial; structure in first source	4.3	5	0
n-(3-amino-1-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2,3-dioxopropyl)-3-(2-((((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-carboxamide boceprevir : A synthetic tripeptide consisting of N-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl, a cyclopropyl-fused prolyl and 3-amino-4-cyclobutyl-2-oxobutanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.	2.6	1	0	tripeptide; ureas	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
ly 411575 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	dibenzoazepine; difluorobenzene; lactam; secondary alcohol	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
galidesivir [no description available]	3.86	2	0
PB28 PB28 : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin that is substituted by 3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 5, respectively. It is a sigma 2 (sigma2) receptor agonist (Ki = 0.68 nM) and exhibits antineoplastic and anti SARS-CoV-2 activities.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; piperazines; tetralins	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; sigma-2 receptor agonist
arterolane arterolane: a trioxolane with antimalarial activity; structure in first source. arterolane : An oxaspiro compound that is dispiro[cyclohexane-1,3'-[1,2,4]trioxolane-5',2''-tricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane] substituted by a 2-[(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl group at position 4s. Its maleic acid salt is used as an antimalarial drug in combination with piperaquine.	2.07	1	0
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.06	1	0
cytosporone b cytosporone B: a Nur77 agonist; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	aromatic ketone
dihydroartemisinic acid dihydroartemisinic acid: structure in first source. dihydroartemisinic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid substituted at position 2 by a (1S,4R,4aS,8aR)-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl group. It is a sesquiterpenoid precursor of the antimalarial drug, artemisinin.	3.42	1	1	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; octahydronaphthalenes; sesquiterpenoid	plant metabolite
6-[[5-fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one [no description available]	2.07	1	0	methoxybenzenes; substituted aniline
degrasyn degrasyn: a JAK2 kinase inhibitor that induces rapid degradation of c-Myc protein in MM-1 multiple myeloma and other tumor cell lines; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
epoxomicin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	morpholines; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	1.99	1	0
bms 477118 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	adamantanes; azabicycloalkane; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; tertiary alcohol	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
pha 680632 PHA 680632: Aurora kinase inhibitor with potent antitumoral activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
tmc 353121 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
amd 070 mavorixafor: a derivative of AMD3100; a CXCR4 blocker	2.6	1	0	aminoquinoline
fg-4592 roxadustat: structure in first source. roxadustat : An N-acylglycine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH).	2.25	1	0	aromatic ether; isoquinolines; N-acylglycine	EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.29 (hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor
danoprevir [no description available]	2.6	1	0
np 031112 tideglusib: an NSAID and neuroprotective agent. tideglusib : A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a naphthalen-1-yl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and has neuroprotective effects. Currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.	3.41	1	0	benzenes; naphthalenes; thiadiazolidine	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
bms-626529 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
bms-663068 fostemsavir: an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
bi 2536 [no description available]	2.31	1	0
amenamevir ASP2151: a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, in a guinea pig model of genital herpes; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
vx 765 belnacasan: a NSAID	2.6	1	0	dipeptide
Dihydrotanshinone I dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae	2.6	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
alogliptin alogliptin: structure in first source. alogliptin : A piperidine that is 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine carrying additional 2-cyanobenzyl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used in the form of its benzoate salt for treatment of type 2 diabetes.	2.6	1	0	nitrile; piperidines; primary amino compound; pyrimidines	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
fr 180204 FR 180204: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
artemisone artemisone: second-generation semi-synthetic artemisinin derivative for antimalarial therapy devoid of neurotoxicity	2.46	2	0
quisinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	indoles
carfilzomib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	epoxide; morpholines; tetrapeptide	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
hcv 796 HCV 796: inhibits HCV RdRp; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
resminostat resminostat: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
lactimidomycin lactimidomycin: a glutarimide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces amphibiosporus	3.31	1	0	macrolide
zk 756326 2-(2-(4-(3-phenoxybenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethanol: a CC chemokine receptor CCR8 agonist; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
balapiravir balapiravir: a prodrug of R1479; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
trametinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	acetamides; aromatic amine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound; organoiodine compound; pyridopyrimidine; ring assembly	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
deoxyarbutin 4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)phenol: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
abexinostat abexinostat: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	benzofurans
silvestrol silvestrol: isolated from the fruit and twig of Aglaia silvestris. silvestrol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a, a methoxy group at C-8 and a 1,4-dioxan-2-yloxy group at position C-6 which in turn is substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group at position 6. Isolated from Aglaia silvestris, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.6	1	0	dioxanes; ether; methyl ester; organic heterotricyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
narlaprevir narlaprevir: an antiviral agent that inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. narlaprevir : An azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by [(3S)-1-(cyclopropylamino)-1,2-dioxoheptan-3-yl]aminoacyl and N-({1-[(tert-butylsulfonyl)methyl]cyclohexyl}carbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl groups at positions 2S and 3, respectively. It is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A serine protease inhibitor (Ki = 6 nM) that is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.	2.6	1	0	azabicyclohexane; cyclopropanes; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide; sulfone; tertiary carboxamide; ureas	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; hepatitis C protease inhibitor
teneligliptin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2.01	1	0	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.99	4	0
veliparib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.42	2	0
pf 03491390 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	2.06	1	0
alloin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	anthracenes; C-glycosyl compound; cyclic ketone; phenols	laxative; metabolite
tomaymycin tomaymycin: structure. tomaymycin : A pyrrolobenzodiazepine that is (11aS)-2,3,5,10,11,11a-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 2,5,7,8 and 11R by ethylidene, oxo, methoxy, hydroxy and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a natural product of Streptomyces achromogenes that binds covalently with guanine in the minor groove of DNA. It is an antitumoral compound which is active in ovarian, plasmacytoma, and leukemia cancer cell lines at nanomolar concentrations.. (Z)-tomaymycin : The (Z)-isomer of tomaymycin.	2.06	1	0	tomaymycin
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	7.17	21	5
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2.06	1	0
mefloquine Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	14.86	110	9
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	2.07	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mdv 3100 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; imidazolidinone; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; thiocarbonyl compound	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
Benzotriazol-1-yl 1H-indole-5-carboxylate [no description available]	3.41	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent
bms-650032 asunaprevir: an NS3 protease inhibitor against hepatitis C virus	2.6	1	0	oligopeptide
rg 7128 2'-fluoro-2'-methyl-3',5'-diisobutyryldeoxycytidine: inhibits HCV polymerase; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	2.06	1	0
oritavancin oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.	2.6	1	0	disaccharide derivative; glycopeptide; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
N-methyl-3-[5-(3-phenylpropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]-N-(3-thiophenylmethyl)propanamide [no description available]	2.06	1	0	benzenes
5-Chloropyridin-3-yl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2-carboxylate [no description available]	3.41	1	0	carboxylic ester	anticoronaviral agent
(5-Chloropyridin-3-yl) 1H-indole-5-carboxylate [no description available]	3.41	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent
5-Chloropyridin-3-yl 1H-indole-2-carboxylate [no description available]	3.41	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent
vx-770 ivacaftor: a CFTR potentiator; structure in first source. ivacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-amino-2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.	3.17	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; phenols; quinolone	CFTR potentiator; orphan drug
pevonedistat pevonedistat: a potent and selective inhibitor of NAE (NEDD8-activating enzyme). pevonedistat : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes.	2.6	1	0	cyclopentanols; indanes; pyrrolopyrimidine; secondary amino compound; sulfamidate	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
uk 453,061 UK 453,061: a reverse transcriptase inhibitor/anti-HIV agent; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
azd 7545 AZD 7545: an anilide tertiary carbinol; a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 inhibitor. AZD7545 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl, chloro and [(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) with IC50 of 6.4 nM and exhibits glucose-lowering activity. Also inhibits PDHK1 at higher levels (IC50 = 36.8 nM).	2.07	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary carboxamide; sulfone; tertiary alcohol; tertiary carboxamide	EC 2.7.11.2 - [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
du1301 DU1301: an antimalarial drug that is effective against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains	3.35	1	0
N-(2-aminophenyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide
tegobuvir tegobuvir: a non-structural protein 5B polymerase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
pf-429242 PF-429242: a subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site-1 protease inhibitor	2.6	1	0
clavulanate potassium potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.	2.07	1	0	potassium salt	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cytomel liothyronine sodium : The sodium salt of liothyronine. Thought to be more active than levothyroxine and with a rapid (few hours) onset and short duration of action, liothyronine sodium is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of hypothyroid coma.	2.07	1	0	organic sodium salt
methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds	7.21	1	0
olaparib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	cyclopropanes; monofluorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; phthalazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
cx 4945 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
pci 34051 PCI 34051: an HDAC8 inhibitor	2.6	1	0	indolecarboxamide
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	2.38	2	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sgx 523 [no description available]	2.25	1	0	aryl sulfide; biaryl; pyrazoles; quinolines; triazolopyridazine	c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
lomibuvir lomibuvir: an antiviral agent with polymerase NS5 inhibitory activity	2.6	1	0	thiophenecarboxylic acid
delanzomib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	C-terminal boronic acid peptide; phenylpyridine; secondary alcohol; threonine derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; proteasome inhibitor
pitavastatin(1-) pitavastatin(1-) : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pitavastatin, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion
sgi-1027 SGI-1027: inhibits DNA methyltransferase 1; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
GRL-0617 GRL-0617 : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-amino-2-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-amine. It is a potent noncovalent inhibitor (IC50 = 600 nM) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus papain-like protease (SARS-CoV PLpro).	3.92	2	0	benzamides; naphthalenes; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	anticoronaviral agent; protease inhibitor
N-[4-[3-[[[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]amino]-oxomethyl]-5-isoxazolyl]phenyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester CAY10603: a HDAC6 inhibitor	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
niraparib niraparib: structure in first source. niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy.	2.6	1	0	2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
oz 439 artefenomel: an antimalarial ozonide; structure in first source	5.18	3	1
jzl 184 JZL 184: inhibits monoacylglycerol lipase; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	benzodioxoles
gsk 650394 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	phenylpyridine
oprozomib ONX 0912: antineoplastic; an orally active proteasome inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
az 960 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
(5-Chloropyridin-3-yl) 1H-indole-4-carboxylate [no description available]	3.41	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent
golgicide a golgicide A: inhibits the cis-golgi ArfGEF GBF1; structure in first source. golgicide A : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising racemic cis- and racemic trans-goglioside A in a 10:1 ratio. It is a potent and rapidly reversible GBF1 (Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) inhibitor. The (3aS,4R,9bR) isomer is the most active (see Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2012, 22, 5177-5181).	2.6	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture	cis-Golgi ArfGEF GBF inhibitor
cobicistat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; ureas	P450 inhibitor
bms-790052 daclatasvir: an HCV NS5A inhibitor. daclatasvir : A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C.	2.82	2	0	biphenyls; carbamate ester; carboxamide; imidazoles; valine derivative	antiviral drug; nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
ixazomib ixazomib: a proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708; structure in first source. ixazomib : A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; boronic acids; dichlorobenzene; glycine derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite; orphan drug; proteasome inhibitor
ucph 101 2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
a 967079 A 967079: a TRPA1 channel antagonist; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
5-(3-methylsulfonylphenyl)-4-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aryl sulfide; thienopyrimidine
baricitinib [no description available]	2.76	2	0	azetidines; nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antirheumatic drug; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
KOM70144 KOM70144 : A benzamide that is GRL-0617 in which one of the hydrogen's of the primary amino group is replaced by an acetyl group. It an inhibitor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) with an IC50 of 2.6 muM and 5.0 muM, respectively. It also inhibits SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells in vitro (EC50 values are 13.1 and 21 muM, respectively).	3.92	2	0	acetamides; benzamides; naphthalenes; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; protease inhibitor
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.39	2	0
pht 427 4-dodecyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
e-52862 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
ly2811376 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
anagliptin anagliptin: anagliptin hydrochloride salt is the active compound	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
gardiquimod [no description available]	2.6	1	0
grazoprevir grazoprevir: has antiviral activity; component of Zepatier. grazoprevir : An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; azamacrocycle; carbamate ester; cyclopropanes; lactam; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; quinoxaline derivative	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent
nitd008 NITD008: inhibits enterovirus 71	3.35	1	0
abt-450 paritaprevir: inhibits HCV NS3 protease. paritaprevir : An azamacrocycle which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.6	1	0
letermovir letermovir: has antiviral activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
gx 15-070 obatoclax: a pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor potentially useful in treating mantle cell lymphoma	2.25	1	0
sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	4.59	3	0	isopropyl ester; L-alanyl ester; nucleotide conjugate; organofluorine compound; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; prodrug
5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine sapanisertib: an mTOR inhibitor	2.6	1	0	benzoxazole
blz 945 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
azd3839 AZD3839: a BACE1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
abemaciclib [no description available]	3.17	1	0
pf 3084014 nirogacestat: an antineoplastic agent. nirogacestat : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a 1-[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-2-methylpropan-2-yl group at position 1 and a {N-[(2S)-6,8-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-L-norvalyl}amino group at position 4. It is a gamma-secretase inhibitor whose hydrobromide salt is indicated for adult patients with progressing desmoid tumours who require systemic treatment.	2.6	1	0
unc 0638 UNC 0638: inhibits lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	quinazolines
gs-9620 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
rka 182 RKA 182: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
n-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide N-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
bms 708163 BMS 708163: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	oxadiazole; ring assembly
N-[(1R)-2-(tert-butylamino)-2-oxo-1-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-furancarboxamide [no description available]	3.41	1	0	aromatic amide; furans
jq1 compound [no description available]	2.6	1	0	carboxylic ester; organochlorine compound; tert-butyl ester; thienotriazolodiazepine	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; ferroptosis inducer
jnj38877605 [no description available]	2.25	1	0	quinolines
(5-bromo-3-pyridinyl)-[4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-piperidinyl]methanone [no description available]	2.25	1	0	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid
1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone 1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone: a USP7 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
gsk525762a molibresib: mimicks acetylated histones; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	benzodiazepine
gilteritinib gilteritinib: an FLT3/AXL protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor. gilteritinib : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine-2-carboxamide which is substituted by {3-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl}nitrilo, (oxan-4-yl)nitrilo and ethyl groups at positions 3,5 and 6, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of FLT3 and AXL tyrosine kinase receptors (IC50 = 0.29 nM and 0.73 nM, respectively). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in patients who have a FLT3 gene mutation.	3.17	1	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxybenzene; N-methylpiperazine; oxanes; piperidines; primary carboxamide; pyrazines; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
ML240 ML240 : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2, 5 and 8 by 2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, benzylnitrilo and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a ATP-competetive inhibitor of AAA ATPase p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP).	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; primary amino compound; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent
birinapant birinapant: a Smac mimetic with antineoplastic activity	2.6	1	0	dipeptide
ly2886721 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
lusutrombopag lusutrombopag: a thrombopoietin receptor agonist; structure in first source	3.17	1	0	cinnamic acids
nms-p118 NMS-P118: a PARP-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
tubastatin a [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; pyridoindole; tertiary amino compound	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
pracinostat pracinostat : A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxyacrylamide which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl group (the E isomer). An orally available pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor with demonstrated activity in the treatment of advanced solid tumours.	2.6	1	0	benzimidazole; hydroxamic acid; olefinic compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
spautin-1 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
ldn 57444 LDN 57444: inhibitor of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
gsk1210151a GSK1210151A: inhibitor of the BET family of proteins; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	imidazoquinoline
i-bet726 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
tatanan a tatanan A: from the rhizomes of Acorus tatarinowii Schott; structure in first source	3.31	1	0
acy-1215 ricolinostat: an HDAC6 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	pyrimidinecarboxylic acid
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	8.53	8	0
cudc-907 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	3.47	2	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	3.35	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	9.94	7	0
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	1.95	1	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.35	2	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2.08	1	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	3.44	2	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.07	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	2.54	2	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.76	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.81	3	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.25	1	0	benzothiazine; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antirheumatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	4.36	6	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
tipranavir tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.	2.52	2	0	sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
tasquinimod tasquinimod: a lead second generation quinoline-3-carboxamide anti-angiogenic agent for the treatment of prostate cancer; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.	2.25	1	0	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gsk1265744 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	difluorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary carboxamide	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
dolutegravir [no description available]	4.06	4	0	difluorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary carboxamide	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
abt-267 ombitasvir: inhibits HCV NS5A protein, component of Viekirax. ombitasvir : A dipeptide derivative which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide; carbamate ester; dipeptide; pyrrolidines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
abt-333 dasabuvir: an antiviral agent. dasabuvir : A member of the class of pyrimidone, which is (as the monohydrate of its sodium salt) in combination with ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; naphthalenes; pyrimidone; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor
rgfp966 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
rg2833 RG2833: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
GS-443902 GS-441524 triphosphate: intracellular active metabolite of remdesivir. GS-443902 : An organic triphosphate that is GS-441524 in which the 5'-hydroxy group has been replaced by a triphosphate group. It is the active metabolite of remdesivir.	2.25	1	0	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; nitrile; organic triphosphate; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; drug metabolite
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.48	2	0
pi-1840 PI-1840: has both antineoplastic and proteasome inhibitory activities; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
ceritinib ceritinib: an anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor. ceritinib : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2,6-diamino-5-chloropyrimidine in which the amino groups at positions 2 and 6 are respectively carrying 2-methoxy-4-(piperidin-4-yl)-5-methylphenyl and 2-(isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl substituents. Used for the treatment of ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.	3.17	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; piperidines; secondary amino compound; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
acy-738 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
pelabresib CPI-0610: a bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organic heterotricyclic compound; primary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor
gs-5806 presatovir: a respiratory syncytial virus entry inhibitor	2.6	1	0
doravirine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	2.07	1	0
gn6958 GN6958: inhibits SUMO-sentrin specific protease 1 (SENP1); structure in first source	2.6	1	0
vx-787 pimodivir: non‐nucleotide inhibitor of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit of the influenza A that is active against H1N1, H7N9 and H5N1, as well as influenza A strains with reduced susceptibility to NAIs	2.6	1	0
ledipasvir ledipasvir : A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	2.6	1	0	azaspiro compound; benzimidazole; bridged compound; carbamate ester; carboxamide; fluorenes; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor
gs-5816 velpatasvir: an NS5A inhibitor used for treating hepatitis C infections. velpatasvir : A complex organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the brand name Epclusa) for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C of all six major genotypes.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ring assembly	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
g007-lk G007-LK: potent and specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-n-hydroxybenzamide 4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-N-hydroxybenzamide: inhibits HDAC6; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
selinexor selinexor: inhibits karyopherin XPO1	2.6	1	0
verdinexor verdinexor: a selective inhibitor of nuclear export	2.6	1	0
osimertinib osimertinib: an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. osimertinib : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 4-(1-methylindol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2-methoxy-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino-5-acrylamidophenyl group. Used (as the mesylate salt) for treatment of EGFR T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer.	3.17	1	0	acrylamides; aminopyrimidine; biaryl; indoles; monomethoxybenzene; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
cb-839 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
mk-8742 elbasvir: inhibits NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus. elbasvir : A complex organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with grazoprevir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent
atglistatin atglistatin: inhibits adipose triglyceride lipase; structure in first source. atglistatin : A biphenyl that is 1,1'-biphenyl substituted by (dimethylcarbamoyl)amino and dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 4', respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase activity (IC50 = 700nM).	2.6	1	0
xen445 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
santacruzamate a santacruzamate A: HDAC2 inhibitor from the Panamanian marine cyanobacterium cf. Symploca sp.; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
blasticidin a blasticidin A: an inhibitor of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
ldc4297 LDC4297: a CDK7 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. LDC4297 : A pyrazolotriazine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine substituted by a piperidin-3-yloxy group, [2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzyl]nitrilo group and an isopropyl group at positions 2, 4 and 8 respectively. It is a potent and selective CDK7 inhibitor and exhibits antiviral activity.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; piperidines; pyrazoles; pyrazolotriazine; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	1.94	1	0
sj733 SJ733: antimalarial; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
enasidenib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	1,3,5-triazines; aminopyridine; aromatic amine; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
sgc707 [no description available]	2.25	1	0
s 8932 [no description available]	5.05	3	0	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; carboxylic ester; nitrile; phosphoramidate ester; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.13	1	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	5.22	4	3
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.82	3	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
nu 1025 NU 1064: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	phenols; quinazolines	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	2.07	1	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.54	2	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	8.57	8	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.07	1	0	dacarbazine
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	2.6	1	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
valacyclovir Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.	2.6	1	0	L-valyl ester	antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	2.07	1	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	2.47	2	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
1-[amino-[(6-methoxy-4-methyl-2-quinazolinyl)amino]methylidene]-3-phenylurea [no description available]	2.06	1	0	quinazolines
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	1.95	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	2.07	1	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-hydroxyquinazoline 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	quinazolines
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
norclozapine norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.	2.6	1	0	dibenzodiazepine; organochlorine compound; piperazines	delta-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	2.6	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	2.6	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
azilsartan azilsartan: an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker; receptor blocker. azilsartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group and at position 1 by a 2'-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl group. Used (as the prodrug, azilsartan medoxomil) for treatment of hypertension.	2.6	1	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; aromatic ether; benzimidazolecarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
hesperadin [no description available]	2.6	1	0
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.17	1	0
6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime 6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime: a synthetic derivative of a compound from the Mediterranean mollusk Hexaplex trunculus, protects cells from varicella infection	2.6	1	0
amg531 [no description available]	3.17	1	0
prodigiosin Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.	1.95	1	0
carbadox Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)	2.07	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
n'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	catechols; hydrazide; hydrazone; naphthols	EC 3.6.5.5 (dynamin GTPase) inhibitor
XL413 XL413 : A benzofuropyrimidine that is 3,4-dihydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine substituted by (2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl, oxo and chloro groups at positions 2, 4, and 8, respectively. It is a potent ATP competitive inhibitor of Cdc7 kinase (IC50 = 3.4 nM) and exhibits anticancer properties.	2.6	1	0	benzofuropyrimidine; organochlorine compound; pyrrolidines	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
me0328 ME0328: inhibits ARTD3; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
fenobam fenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrate	2.07	1	0	ureas
nvp-tnks656 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
ferroquine ferroquine: an antimalarial agent; structure in first source	11.15	3	2
N-[(2S)-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxo-1-({(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}amino)propan-2-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide N-[(2S)-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxo-1-({(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}amino)propan-2-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3-cyclohexyl-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-alaninamide. It is an inhibitor of SARS coronavirus main proteinase and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture (EC50 = 0.53 muM).	3.41	1	0	aldehyde; indolecarboxamide; oligopeptide; pyrrolidin-2-ones; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
molnupiravir molnupiravir: prodrug that’s metabolized into N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), a ribonucleoside analog. molnupiravir : A nucleoside analogue that is N(4)-hydroxycytidine in which the 5'-hydroxy group is replaced by a (2-methylpropanoyl)oxy group. It is the prodrug of the active antiviral ribonucleoside analog N(4)-hydroxycytidine (EIDD-1931), has activity against a number of RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. It is currently in phase III trials for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.	3.82	2	0	isopropyl ester; ketoxime; nucleoside analogue	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
3-fluoro-Nalpha-(1H-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide 3-fluoro-Nalpha-(1H-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3-fluoro-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide. It is an inhibitor of SARS coronavirus main proteinase and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture (EC50 = 0.72 muM).	3.41	1	0	aldehyde; indolecarboxamide; monofluorobenzenes; oligopeptide; pyrrolidin-2-ones; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	2.03	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	8.32	22	2

amodiaquine

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Research Demand Index: 58.43

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Anti-circumsporozoite Protein (CS) Antibody Concentrations.

Anti-hepatitis B (HBs) Antibody Concentrations.

Number of Primary Case Definition Clinical Episodes of Symptomatic Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Infection (PFMI)

Number of Subjects Prevalent for Plasmodium Falciparum (P. Falciparum) Parasitemia

Number of Subjects With Anemia.

Time to First or Only Clinical Episode of Symptomatic Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Infection (PFMI) of Primary Case Definition

Time to First or Only Episode of Symptomatic Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Infection (PFMI) of Secondary Case Definition 1

Time to First or Only Episode of Symptomatic Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Infection (PFMI) of Secondary Case Definition 2

Time to First or Only Episode of Symptomatic Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Infection (PFMI) of Secondary Case Definition 3

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