msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha- profile

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	16154396
SCHEMBL ID	22463810
MeSH ID	M0089944

Synonym
msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha-
(nle4,d-phe7)-alpha-msh
4-nle-7-phe-alpha-msh
melanotan-1
alpha-msh, nle(4)-phe(7)-
alpha-melanotropin, 4-l-norleucine-7-d-phenylalanine-
cuv-1647
n-acetyl-l-seryl-l-tyrosyl-l-seryl-l-norleucyl-l-alpha-glutamyl-l-histidyl-d-phenylalanyl-l-arginyl-l-tryptophylglycyl-l-lysyl-l-prolyl-l-valinamide
n-acteyl-l-ser-l-tyr-l-ser-l-nle-l-glu-l-his-d-phe-l-arg-l-trp-gly-l-lys-l-pro-l-val-nh2
melanotan i
cuv1647
ndp-alpha-msh
cuv 1647
ac-ser-tyr-ser-nle-glu-his-d-phe-arg-trp-gly-lys-pro-val-nh2
afamelanotide [usan:inn]
qw68w3j66u ,
afamelanotide [inn]
afamelanotide [orange book]
afamelanotide [who-dd]
.alpha.-melanotropin (swine), 4-l-norleucine-7-d-phenylalanine-
[nle4,d-phe7]-alpha-msh
afamelanotide [mi]
afamelanotide [usan]
melanotan-i
[nle4,d-phe7]--msh
afamelanotidemt-i
[nle4,d-phe7]-a-msh
SCHEMBL22463810
EN300-18527915

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"A comparative pharmacokinetic trial was performed with a superpotent synthetic melanotropic peptide, [Nle4-D-Phe7]-alpha-MSHi-13 (melanotan-I or MT-I) given by three routes of administration."	( Skin pigmentation and pharmacokinetics of melanotan-I in humans. Aickin, M; Blanchard, J; Brooks, C; Dorr, RT; Hadley, ME; Hruby, VJ; Levine, N; Ugwu, SO, 1997)	0.3

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Three phase 1 clinical trials of a superpotent melanotropic peptide, melanotan-1 (MT-1, or [Nle(4)-D-Phe(7)]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) were performed to demonstrate safety for MT-1 therapy combined with UV-B light or sunlight."	( Effects of a superpotent melanotropic peptide in combination with solar UV radiation on tanning of the skin in human volunteers. Alberts, DS; Bangert, JL; Brooks, C; Dorr, RT; Ertl, G; Humphrey, S; Levine, N; Powell, MB, 2004)	0.32
"Open-label studies at 2 dose levels of MT-1 combined with small doses of UV-B to the neck or buttock or full sunlight to half of the back."	( Effects of a superpotent melanotropic peptide in combination with solar UV radiation on tanning of the skin in human volunteers. Alberts, DS; Bangert, JL; Brooks, C; Dorr, RT; Ertl, G; Humphrey, S; Levine, N; Powell, MB, 2004)	0.32
"Melanotan-1 can be safely combined with UV-B light or sunlight and appears to act synergistically in the tanning response to light."	( Effects of a superpotent melanotropic peptide in combination with solar UV radiation on tanning of the skin in human volunteers. Alberts, DS; Bangert, JL; Brooks, C; Dorr, RT; Ertl, G; Humphrey, S; Levine, N; Powell, MB, 2004)	0.32

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Finally, transformation of indol-1-yl to indol-3-yl resulted in discovery of a novel highly potent and orally bioavailable ADA inhibitor, 1-[(R)-4-(5-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)propoxy)-1-methylindol-3-yl)-1-hydroxy-2-butyl]imidazole-4-carboxamide 8c."	( Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of novel non-nucleoside adenosine deaminase inhibitors. Kinoshita, T; Kuno, M; Nakanishi, I; Seki, N; Tanaka, K; Terasaka, T, 2004)	0.32
", ip) indicate that the liver is the primary site of biotransformation of the compound, suggesting that both 22a and its metabolite(s) are active, compensating probably low bioavailability of the parent molecule."	( Design, physico-chemical properties and biological evaluation of some new N-[(phenoxy)alkyl]- and N-{2-[2-(phenoxy)ethoxy]ethyl}aminoalkanols as anticonvulsant agents. Bednarski, M; Gunia-Krzyżak, A; Marona, H; Nitek, W; Pękala, E; Powroźnik, B; Słoczyńska, K; Walczak, M; Waszkielewicz, AM; Żesławska, E, 2016)	0.43

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Dose-response curves to alpha-MSH were compared in the presence of different calcium concentrations, and Schild regression plots were constructed."	( The role of calcium in MSH stimulated melanosome dispersion. Lucas, AM; Shuster, S; Thody, AJ, )	0.13
" The dose-response curves for the MSH peptides are sigmoidal and the two peptides are equipotent in their effects on human melanocytes."	( Cultured human melanocytes respond to MSH peptides and ACTH. Donatien, PD; Hunt, G; Kyne, S; Lunec, J; Thody, AJ; Todd, C, 1994)	0.29
" Pretreatment with ACTH-(1-24) caused a pronounced, dose-dependent parallel shift to the right of the dose-response curve for the pressor and tachycardiac effects of gamma 2-MSH."	( Different cardiovascular profiles of three melanocortins in conscious rats; evidence for antagonism between gamma 2-MSH and ACTH-(1-24). De Wildt, DJ; Kleijne, JA; Van Bergen, P; Versteeg, DH, 1997)	0.3
" This regimen induced tanning at 3 of 8 anatomic sites including the face, neck and forearm by comparison of baseline to (1) the end of the daily dosing period, (day 14), and (2) one week later, (day 21)."	( Increased eumelanin expression and tanning is induced by a superpotent melanotropin [Nle4-D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH in humans. Alberts, DS; Brooks, C; Dorr, RT; Dvorakova, K; Hruby, V; Levine, N; Lines, R; Miketova, P; Schram, K, 2000)	0.31
" Dose-response curves of cAMP accumulation were right-shifted for both forms."	( Thr40 and Met122 are new partial loss-of-function natural mutations of the human melanocortin 1 receptor. García-Borrón, JC; Germer, S; González, P; Jiménez-Cervantes, C; Sánchez, CO; Sánchez, J, 2001)	0.31
" Repetitive once daily oral dosing (0."	( Backbone cyclic peptidomimetic melanocortin-4 receptor agonist as a novel orally administrated drug lead for treating obesity. Faier, A; Gabinet, Y; Gilon, C; Halbfinger, E; Haskell-Luevano, C; Hess, S; Hoffman, A; Lapidot, T; Linde, Y; Ovadia, O; Portillo, FP; Safrai, E; Shalev, DE; Swed, A; Winkler, I; Xiang, Z; Yarden, D, 2008)	0.35
" There are questions regarding the preparation, administration, and dosage of these substances."	( Risks of unregulated use of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues: a review. Bergman, W; Habbema, L; Halk, AB; Neumann, M, 2017)	0.46

Role	Description
dermatologic drug	A drug used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
polypeptide	A peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0160	0.0000	0.3088	7.0000	AID33850
Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0032	0.0002	0.6413	6.1900	AID109111; AID109119; AID109127; AID109128; AID109131; AID1151528; AID1151529; AID1285634; AID1336329; AID1559799; AID242174; AID346427; AID751880; AID752240
Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0025	0.0000	0.3086	4.8860	AID109137; AID259534; AID259535; AID259536; AID259537; AID259538; AID259539; AID259540; AID259541; AID259542; AID259543; AID346427; AID632881; AID677161; AID751880
Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0014	0.0009	1.2566	9.5180	AID109306; AID109425; AID109428; AID109429; AID240566
Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0052	0.0005	3.5265	8.9290	AID632882; AID677160
Melanocortin receptor 3	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0059	0.0042	0.0059	0.0082	AID1296529; AID1483091; AID1559790
Melanocortin receptor 5	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1400	0.1400	0.1400	0.1400	AID1559796
Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0026	0.0012	0.0166	0.0832	AID108787; AID108790; AID108792; AID108794; AID108795; AID242173
Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0007	0.0001	0.2452	2.8650	AID108798; AID677159
Melanocortin receptor 4	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0022	0.0011	0.0573	0.2140	AID109283; AID1296527; AID1483073; AID1559793
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0005	0.0001	0.0376	0.6150	AID108614; AID108616
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0008	0.0000	0.0065	0.0370	AID108622; AID632880; AID677158
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Mus musculus (house mouse)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0003	0.0003	0.1295	0.3880	AID1296528; AID1559787
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0001	0.0001	1.4693	7.0000	AID109615
Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0002	0.0000	0.1156	0.7200	AID246687
Melanocortin receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	AID108945
Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0015	0.0000	0.0911	2.6000	AID108957; AID108965; AID108967; AID108968; AID108969; AID108970; AID109107; AID109462; AID1476414; AID1476420; AID1479778; AID246687; AID259544; AID259545; AID259546; AID259547; AID259548; AID259549; AID259550; AID259551; AID259552; AID259553; AID677162; AID82381
Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0007	0.0002	0.1615	4.4000	AID109296; AID109298; AID109299; AID109305; AID1476417; AID1479779; AID246688
Melanocortin receptor 3	Mus musculus (house mouse)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0029	0.0001	0.2857	5.4000	AID108937; AID108939; AID109614; AID109615; AID109617; AID1151525; AID1169943; AID1296535; AID1428575; AID1458955; AID1479773; AID1483074; AID1547511; AID1559777; AID1638718; AID1685034; AID1725372; AID1771948; AID1776305; AID221832; AID240040; AID240052; AID282351; AID321769; AID391356; AID447386; AID587930; AID729276
Melanocortin receptor 3	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Kd	812,831.0000	0.0003	0.0673	0.1995	AID1356510
Melanocortin receptor 5	Mus musculus (house mouse)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0062	0.0000	0.0321	1.4900	AID107044; AID107045; AID107046; AID109444; AID109446; AID109447; AID1151527; AID1296537; AID1356506; AID1428577; AID1458957; AID1479775; AID1483084; AID1547516; AID1559783; AID1638724; AID1685033; AID1725377; AID1771950; AID1776311; AID221835; AID240042; AID240054; AID282355; AID321771; AID391365; AID447388; AID587928; AID729274
Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0018	0.0001	0.0127	0.2480	AID108777; AID108778; AID108779; AID108780; AID108781; AID108786; AID1476411; AID1479777; AID246686; AID82380
Melanocortin receptor 4	Mus musculus (house mouse)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0046	0.0000	0.1247	2.4700	AID107033; AID107034; AID107035; AID109275; AID109277; AID109279; AID1151526; AID1169944; AID1296536; AID1428576; AID1458956; AID1479774; AID1483077; AID1547514; AID1559780; AID1638719; AID1685035; AID1725375; AID1776308; AID221834; AID240041; AID240053; AID282353; AID321770; AID391362; AID447387; AID587929; AID729275
Melanocortin receptor 4	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Kd	229,087.0000	0.0000	0.0018	0.0050	AID1356511
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0002	0.0000	0.0080	0.2280	AID108481; AID108604; AID108605; AID108607; AID108611; AID109453; AID1479776; AID71942; AID82379
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Mus musculus (house mouse)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0004	0.0000	0.3004	7.6900	AID108634; AID108636; AID108637; AID109599; AID109601; AID109602; AID1151524; AID1169942; AID1296534; AID1356503; AID1428574; AID1458954; AID1479772; AID1483081; AID1547509; AID1559775; AID1638723; AID1685031; AID1725370; AID1771945; AID1776302; AID221830; AID240039; AID240051; AID282350; AID321787; AID391354; AID447385; AID587926; AID729277
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
adenosine catabolic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
inosine biosynthetic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
allantoin metabolic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
trophectodermal cell differentiation	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
liver development	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
placenta development	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
germinal center B cell differentiation	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
germinal center formation	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of germinal center formation	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of leukocyte migration	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
mature B cell apoptotic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
adenosine catabolic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
deoxyadenosine catabolic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
AMP catabolic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contraction	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heart rate	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
response to purine-containing compound	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of B cell proliferation	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide salvage	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
GMP salvage	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymus	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
penile erection	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
purine-containing compound salvage	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
amide catabolic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
AMP salvage	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
dAMP catabolic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
dATP catabolic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
adenosine metabolic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
inosine biosynthetic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
xanthine biosynthetic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-beta T cell differentiation	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
lung alveolus development	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
Peyer's patch development	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic digestive tract development	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
leukocyte migration	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of penile erection	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
mucus secretion	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mucus secretion	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
hypoxanthine salvage	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
diet induced thermogenesis	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
energy reserve metabolic process	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
feeding behavior	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin secretion	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulin	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bone resorption	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of eating behavior	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
response to melanocyte-stimulating hormone	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of feeding behavior	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of grooming behavior	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of metabolic process	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of metabolic process	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressure	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
homoiothermy	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotor rhythm	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion homeostasis	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of feeding behavior	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of metabolic process	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
UV protection	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of pain	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transduction	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
melanin biosynthetic process	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
pigmentation	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
UV-damage excision repair	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of feeding behavior	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of metabolic process	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
adenosine deaminase activity	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
deaminase activity	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
2'-deoxyadenosine deaminase activity	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled adenosine receptor activity	Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
melanocortin receptor activity	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide hormone binding	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide binding	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone binding	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
melanocortin receptor activity	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
melanocortin receptor activity	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
neuropeptide binding	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide hormone binding	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
melanocortin receptor activity	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor activity	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone binding	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
lysosome	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle lumen	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
anchoring junction	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	Adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	Adenosine receptor A2a	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Melanocortin receptor 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Melanocortin receptor 5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocortin receptor 3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (256)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1559787	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-MSH from mouse melanocortin receptor 1 expressed in HEK293 cell mebranes incubated for 1 hr by automatic gamma counting method	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5	Incorporation of Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP) Human Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AgRP-Derived Macrocyclic Scaffold c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-dPro] Decreases Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Results in the Discovery of M
AID1296529	Displacement of 125I-NDP-MSH from mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 1 hr by gamma counting analysis	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7	An in Vitro and in Vivo Investigation of Bivalent Ligands That Display Preferential Binding and Functional Activity for Different Melanocortin Receptor Homodimers.
AID729274	Agonist activity at mouse MC5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 6 hrs by cAMP-based beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-11, Volume: 56, Issue:7	Structure-activity relationships of peptides incorporating a bioactive reverse-turn heterocycle at the melanocortin receptors: identification of a 5800-fold mouse melanocortin-3 receptor (mMC3R) selective antagonist/partial agonist versus the mouse melano
AID108614	Displacement of [125I]NDP-MSH from Melanocortin 1 receptor at 10 uM	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	Discovery of prototype peptidomimetic agonists at the human melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R.
AID321769	Agonist activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Backbone cyclic peptidomimetic melanocortin-4 receptor agonist as a novel orally administrated drug lead for treating obesity.
AID1547514	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 4 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by cAMP Alpha-screen assay	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-12, Volume: 11, Issue:3	Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Melanocortin His-Phe-Arg-Trp Sequences Decrease Tetrapeptide Potency and Efficacy.
AID109601	In vitro activation of mouse recombinant Melanocortin-1 receptor.	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 1. Modifications at the His position.
AID108616	Inhibitory concentration against human Melanocortin 1 receptor (hMC1R)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID1479773	Agonist activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP production incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Human β-Defensin 1 and β-Defensin 3 (Mouse Ortholog mBD14) Function as Full Endogenous Agonists at Select Melanocortin Receptors.
AID109299	Effective concentration required for intracellular cAMP accumulation by Melanocortin 5 receptor	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-28, Volume: 43, Issue:26	D-Amino acid scan of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: importance of Trp(8) on human MC3 receptor selectivity.
AID109305	effective concentration of peptide at 50% maximal cAMP accumulation on Melanocortin 5 receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	Discovery of prototype peptidomimetic agonists at the human melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R.
AID108945	Maximal agonist response at rat melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R)	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6	De novo design, synthesis, and pharmacology of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone analogues derived from somatostatin by a hybrid approach.
AID1356511	Antagonist activity at mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in NDP-MSH-induced response incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen cAMP assay based Schild analysis
AID1458955	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 3 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-12, Volume: 60, Issue:19	Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on a Macrocyclic Agouti-Related Protein (AGRP) Scaffold Reveal Agouti Signaling Protein (ASP) Residue Substitutions Maintain Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Result in Inverse Agonist Pharmacology at t
AID587926	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin 1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 48 hrs by cAMP based beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Incorporation of a bioactive reverse-turn heterocycle into a peptide template using solid-phase synthesis to probe melanocortin receptor selectivity and ligand conformations by 2D 1H NMR.
AID252625	Maximal effect on human melanocortin 5 receptor expressing HEK 293 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Novel 3D pharmacophore of alpha-MSH/gamma-MSH hybrids leads to selective human MC1R and MC3R analogues.
AID1559793	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-MSH from mouse melanocortin receptor 4 expressed in HEK293 cell mebranes incubated for 1 hr by automatic gamma counting method	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5	Incorporation of Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP) Human Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AgRP-Derived Macrocyclic Scaffold c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-dPro] Decreases Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Results in the Discovery of M
AID1479776	Agonist activity at human MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP production incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Human β-Defensin 1 and β-Defensin 3 (Mouse Ortholog mBD14) Function as Full Endogenous Agonists at Select Melanocortin Receptors.
AID447387	Agonistic activity against mouse MC4R	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Semi-rigid tripeptide agonists of melanocortin receptors.
AID1725377	Agonist activity at mouse MC5R by alphascreen cAMP assay	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 11, Issue:10	Peptoid NPhe
AID246688	Effective concentration for intracellular cAMP accumulation in human melanocortin 5 receptor expressing HEK 293 cells; (N = 4)	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Novel 3D pharmacophore of alpha-MSH/gamma-MSH hybrids leads to selective human MC1R and MC3R analogues.
AID108773	Percent activation of human melanocortin receptor Melanocortin 3 receptor was determined at 10 uM	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 46, Issue:17	Structure-activity relationships of novel cyclic alpha-MSH/beta-MSH hybrid analogues that lead to potent and selective ligands for the human MC3R and human MC5R.
AID259549	Agonist activity at the mutant MC4R F184A expressed in HEK293 cells by cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID1559799	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-MSH from human melanocortin receptor 4 expressed in HEK293 cell mebranes incubated for 1 hr by automatic gamma counting method	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5	Incorporation of Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP) Human Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AgRP-Derived Macrocyclic Scaffold c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-dPro] Decreases Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Results in the Discovery of M
AID1776305	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 3 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP accumulation incubated for 24 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9	Discovery of Nanomolar Melanocortin-3 Receptor (MC3R)-Selective Small Molecule Pyrrolidine Bis-Cyclic Guanidine Agonist Compounds Via a High-Throughput "Unbiased" Screening Campaign.
AID259535	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from mutant MC4R Y268A expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID108607	Evaluated for agonist activity at cloned mammalian human MSH1 receptor	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 38, Issue:18	Cyclic lactam alpha-melanotropin analogues of Ac-Nle4-cyclo[Asp5, D-Phe7,Lys10] alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-(4-10)-NH2 with bulky aromatic amino acids at position 7 show high antagonist potency and selectivity at specific melanocortin receptors.
AID109277	Effective concentration against mouse melanocortin MC4 receptor	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 47, Issue:9	Identification of putative agouti-related protein(87-132)-melanocortin-4 receptor interactions by homology molecular modeling and validation using chimeric peptide ligands.
AID109111	Binding affinity for Human Melanocortin 4 receptor expressed in L-cells	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-28, Volume: 43, Issue:26	D-Amino acid scan of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: importance of Trp(8) on human MC3 receptor selectivity.
AID242174	Inhibition of [125I]NDP-MSH binding to Melanocortin 4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells; (N = 4)	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Novel 3D pharmacophore of alpha-MSH/gamma-MSH hybrids leads to selective human MC1R and MC3R analogues.
AID109285	Inhibitory concentration towards melanocortin MC4 receptor by displacing radioligand [125I]-hAGRP(82-132); ND = not determined	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 47, Issue:9	Identification of putative agouti-related protein(87-132)-melanocortin-4 receptor interactions by homology molecular modeling and validation using chimeric peptide ligands.
AID82379	In vitro agonist potency was evaluated in HEK293 cells transfected with human melanocortin receptor (hMC1R)	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16	Sub-nanomolar hMC1R agonists by end-capping of the melanocortin tetrapeptide His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH(2).
AID71945	Relative potency compared to alpha MSH in a frog skin bioassay.	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 40, Issue:17	beta-Methylation of the Phe7 and Trp9 melanotropin side chain pharmacophores affects ligand-receptor interactions and prolonged biological activity.
AID1776302	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP accumulation incubated for 24 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9	Discovery of Nanomolar Melanocortin-3 Receptor (MC3R)-Selective Small Molecule Pyrrolidine Bis-Cyclic Guanidine Agonist Compounds Via a High-Throughput "Unbiased" Screening Campaign.
AID109296	Effective concentration of peptide at 50% maximal cAMP generation	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 46, Issue:17	Structure-activity relationships of novel cyclic alpha-MSH/beta-MSH hybrid analogues that lead to potent and selective ligands for the human MC3R and human MC5R.
AID108965	Effective concentration of peptide at 50% maximal cAMP generation	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 46, Issue:17	Structure-activity relationships of novel cyclic alpha-MSH/beta-MSH hybrid analogues that lead to potent and selective ligands for the human MC3R and human MC5R.
AID109599	Activity in mouse melanocortin-1 receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 45, Issue:26	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 4. Modifications at the Trp position.
AID1725375	Agonist activity at mouse MC4R by alphascreen cAMP assay	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 11, Issue:10	Peptoid NPhe
AID259540	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from mutant MC4R F184L expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID109279	Effective concentration for maximum agonist response towards mouse melanocortin 4 receptor	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6	De novo design, synthesis, and pharmacology of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone analogues derived from somatostatin by a hybrid approach.
AID1476413	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells after 16 to 20 hrs by CRE-driven reporter assay relative to alpha-MSH	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID108636	Effective concentration against mouse Melanocortin 1 receptor	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 47, Issue:9	Identification of putative agouti-related protein(87-132)-melanocortin-4 receptor interactions by homology molecular modeling and validation using chimeric peptide ligands.
AID391362	Agonist activity at mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells by CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-25, Volume: 51, Issue:18	Melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 modified at the para position of the benzyl side chain (DPhe): importance for mouse melanocortin-3 receptor agonist versus antagonist activity.
AID1559796	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-MSH from mouse melanocortin receptor 5 expressed in HEK293 cell mebranes incubated for 1 hr by automatic gamma counting method	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5	Incorporation of Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP) Human Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AgRP-Derived Macrocyclic Scaffold c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-dPro] Decreases Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Results in the Discovery of M
AID1559777	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 3 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by cAMP Alpha-screen assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5	Incorporation of Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP) Human Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AgRP-Derived Macrocyclic Scaffold c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-dPro] Decreases Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Results in the Discovery of M
AID107046	Agonist activity towards mouse Melanocortin-5 receptor (mMC5R)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 45, Issue:14	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors: part 2 modifications at the Phe position.
AID109447	Maximum agonist response for mouse melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R)	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6	De novo design, synthesis, and pharmacology of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone analogues derived from somatostatin by a hybrid approach.
AID82380	In vitro agonist potency was evaluated in HEK293 cells transfected with human melanocortin receptor (hMC3R)	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16	Sub-nanomolar hMC1R agonists by end-capping of the melanocortin tetrapeptide His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH(2).
AID1725370	Agonist activity at mouse MC1R by alphascreen cAMP assay	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 11, Issue:10	Peptoid NPhe
AID71942	Decrease in frog skin reflectivity (metabotropic activity).	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 40, Issue:17	beta-Methylation of the Phe7 and Trp9 melanotropin side chain pharmacophores affects ligand-receptor interactions and prolonged biological activity.
AID33850	Inhibition of human adenosine deaminase (ADA)	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 47, Issue:15	Structure-based design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of novel non-nucleoside adenosine deaminase inhibitors.
AID259551	Agonist activity at the mutant MC4R I125A expressed in HEK293 cells by cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID240051	In vitro agonist potency for Mouse Melanocortin 1 receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 48, Issue:9	N-terminal fatty acylated His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) tetrapeptides: influence of fatty acid chain length on potency and selectivity at the mouse melanocortin receptors and human melanocytes.
AID259547	Agonist activity at the mutant MC4R Y287A expressed in HEK293 cells by cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID109283	Inhibitory concentration towards melanocortin MC4 receptor by displacing radioligand [125I]-NDP-MSH; ND = not determined	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 47, Issue:9	Identification of putative agouti-related protein(87-132)-melanocortin-4 receptor interactions by homology molecular modeling and validation using chimeric peptide ligands.
AID1428575	Agonist activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation preincubated for 2 hrs followed by biotinylated cAMP addition and subsequent incubation for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-26, Volume: 60, Issue:2	A Macrocyclic Agouti-Related Protein/[Nle
AID102011	Decrease in lizard skin reflectivity (metabotropic activity).	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 40, Issue:17	beta-Methylation of the Phe7 and Trp9 melanotropin side chain pharmacophores affects ligand-receptor interactions and prolonged biological activity.
AID1458956	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 4 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-12, Volume: 60, Issue:19	Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on a Macrocyclic Agouti-Related Protein (AGRP) Scaffold Reveal Agouti Signaling Protein (ASP) Residue Substitutions Maintain Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Result in Inverse Agonist Pharmacology at t
AID109446	Effective concentration against mouse Melanocortin 5 receptor	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 47, Issue:9	Identification of putative agouti-related protein(87-132)-melanocortin-4 receptor interactions by homology molecular modeling and validation using chimeric peptide ligands.
AID108798	Binding affinity towards human Melanocortin 3 receptor (hMC3R)	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16	Sub-nanomolar hMC1R agonists by end-capping of the melanocortin tetrapeptide His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH(2).
AID1559790	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-MSH from mouse melanocortin receptor 3 expressed in HEK293 cell mebranes incubated for 1 hr by automatic gamma counting method	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5	Incorporation of Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP) Human Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AgRP-Derived Macrocyclic Scaffold c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-dPro] Decreases Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Results in the Discovery of M
AID1559780	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 4 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by cAMP Alpha-screen assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5	Incorporation of Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP) Human Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AgRP-Derived Macrocyclic Scaffold c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-dPro] Decreases Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Results in the Discovery of M
AID1356510	Antagonist activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as reduction in NDP-MSH-induced response incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen cAMP assay based Schild analysis
AID252624	Maximal effect on human melanocortin 4 receptor expressing HEK 293 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Novel 3D pharmacophore of alpha-MSH/gamma-MSH hybrids leads to selective human MC1R and MC3R analogues.
AID1296535	Agonist activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by alphascreen assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7	An in Vitro and in Vivo Investigation of Bivalent Ligands That Display Preferential Binding and Functional Activity for Different Melanocortin Receptor Homodimers.
AID221830	Functional activity at the mouse melanocortin 1 receptor	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-21, Volume: 44, Issue:13	Characterization of melanocortin NDP-MSH agonist peptide fragments at the mouse central and peripheral melanocortin receptors.
AID321787	Agonist activity at mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Backbone cyclic peptidomimetic melanocortin-4 receptor agonist as a novel orally administrated drug lead for treating obesity.
AID1479772	Agonist activity at mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP production incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Human β-Defensin 1 and β-Defensin 3 (Mouse Ortholog mBD14) Function as Full Endogenous Agonists at Select Melanocortin Receptors.
AID108939	Effective concentration against mouse Melanocortin 3 receptor	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 47, Issue:9	Identification of putative agouti-related protein(87-132)-melanocortin-4 receptor interactions by homology molecular modeling and validation using chimeric peptide ligands.
AID107034	In vitro activation of mouse recombinant Melanocortin-4 receptor.	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 1. Modifications at the His position.
AID1151527	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin-5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells co-transfected with CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assessed as stimulatory response after 6 hrs	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Identification of tetrapeptides from a mixture based positional scanning library that can restore nM full agonist function of the L106P, I69T, I102S, A219V, C271Y, and C271R human melanocortin-4 polymorphic receptors (hMC4Rs).
AID259546	Agonist activity at the mutant MC4R Y268F expressed in HEK293 cells by cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID1356509	Agonist activity at mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells at 100 uM incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen cAMP assay relative to untreated control
AID346427	Displacement of radiolabeled NDPalpha-MSH from human MC4 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	cis-4-(Piperazin-1-yl)-5,6,7a,8,9,10,11,11a-octahydrobenzofuro[2,3-h]quinazolin-2-amine (A-987306), a new histamine H4R antagonist that blocks pain responses against carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia.
AID391354	Agonist activity at mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells by CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-25, Volume: 51, Issue:18	Melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 modified at the para position of the benzyl side chain (DPhe): importance for mouse melanocortin-3 receptor agonist versus antagonist activity.
AID259542	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from mutant MC4R I129A expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID109127	Inhibitory activity against human Melanocortin 4 receptor	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 38, Issue:18	Cyclic lactam alpha-melanotropin analogues of Ac-Nle4-cyclo[Asp5, D-Phe7,Lys10] alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-(4-10)-NH2 with bulky aromatic amino acids at position 7 show high antagonist potency and selectivity at specific melanocortin receptors.
AID1476417	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells after 16 to 20 hrs by CRE-driven reporter assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID282351	Agonist activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells by beta-galactosidase assay	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-30, Volume: 47, Issue:27	Stereochemical studies of the monocyclic agouti-related protein (103-122) Arg-Phe-Phe residues: conversion of a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist into an agonist and results in the discovery of a potent and selective melanocortin-1 agonist.
AID107033	Activity in mouse melanocortin-4 receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 45, Issue:26	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 4. Modifications at the Trp position.
AID240566	Inhibition of [125I]NDP-MSH binding to Melanocortin 5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells; N = 4	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Novel 3D pharmacophore of alpha-MSH/gamma-MSH hybrids leads to selective human MC1R and MC3R analogues.
AID108968	Effective concentration required for the biological activity against human Melanocortin 4 receptor	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-25, Volume: 46, Issue:20	Peptide science: exploring the use of chemical principles and interdisciplinary collaboration for understanding life processes.
AID1479774	Agonist activity at mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP production incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Human β-Defensin 1 and β-Defensin 3 (Mouse Ortholog mBD14) Function as Full Endogenous Agonists at Select Melanocortin Receptors.
AID259543	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from mutant MC4R I291A expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID108795	Displacement of [125I]NDP-MSH from Melanocortin 3 receptor at 10 uM	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	Discovery of prototype peptidomimetic agonists at the human melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R.
AID1476419	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells after 16 to 20 hrs by CRE-driven reporter assay relative to alpha-MSH	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID242173	Inhibition of [125I]NDP-MSH binding to Melanocortin 3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells; (N = 4)	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Novel 3D pharmacophore of alpha-MSH/gamma-MSH hybrids leads to selective human MC1R and MC3R analogues.
AID1483077	Agonist activity at mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of cAMP accumulation after 2 hrs by alpha screen assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10	Discovery of Mixed Pharmacology Melanocortin-3 Agonists and Melanocortin-4 Receptor Tetrapeptide Antagonist Compounds (TACOs) Based on the Sequence Ac-Xaa
AID109614	Activity in mouse melanocortin-3 receptor (mMC3R) stably expressed in HEK293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 45, Issue:26	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 4. Modifications at the Trp position.
AID1685034	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 3 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by cAMP Alpha-screen assay
AID677159	Displacement of [125I]-NAD-alpha-MSH from human recombinant MC3 receptor expressed in BHK570 cells after 1 hr in presence of ovalbumin	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Identification and in vivo and in vitro characterization of long acting and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4-R) selective α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogues.
AID632881	Displacement of Eu-NDP-alphaMSH from human MC4 receptor expressed in human HEK293 cells after 1.5 hrs by time-resolved fluorescence analysis	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-08, Volume: 54, Issue:23	Development of melanoma-targeted polymer micelles by conjugation of a melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) specific ligand.
AID108952	Percent activation of human melanocortin receptor human Melanocortin 4 receptor was determined at 10 uM	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 46, Issue:17	Structure-activity relationships of novel cyclic alpha-MSH/beta-MSH hybrid analogues that lead to potent and selective ligands for the human MC3R and human MC5R.
AID109453	Agonist activity against human melanocortin receptor hMC1R	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-06, Volume: 13, Issue:1	Structure-activity relationship of linear peptide Bu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: histidine substitution.
AID108622	Binding affinity towards human Melanocortin 1 receptor (hMC1R)	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16	Sub-nanomolar hMC1R agonists by end-capping of the melanocortin tetrapeptide His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH(2).
AID246686	Effective concentration for intracellular cAMP accumulation in human melanocortin 3 receptor expressing HEK 293 cells; (N = 4)	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Novel 3D pharmacophore of alpha-MSH/gamma-MSH hybrids leads to selective human MC1R and MC3R analogues.
AID1296527	Displacement of 125I-NDP-MSH from mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 1 hr by gamma counting analysis	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7	An in Vitro and in Vivo Investigation of Bivalent Ligands That Display Preferential Binding and Functional Activity for Different Melanocortin Receptor Homodimers.
AID447386	Agonistic activity against mouse MC3R	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Semi-rigid tripeptide agonists of melanocortin receptors.
AID240039	Effective concentration for mouse Melanocortin-1 receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8	Structure-activity relationships of the unique and potent agouti-related protein (AGRP)-melanocortin chimeric Tyr-c[beta-Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr-NH2 peptide template.
AID108957	Agonist potency towards human Melanocortin 4 receptor	2002	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-02, Volume: 12, Issue:17	Structure-activity relationship of linear peptide Bu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: arginine substitution.
AID246687	Effective concentration for intracellular cAMP accumulation in human melanocortin 4 receptor expressing HEK 293 cells; (N = 4)	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Novel 3D pharmacophore of alpha-MSH/gamma-MSH hybrids leads to selective human MC1R and MC3R analogues.
AID259545	Agonist activity at the mutant MC4R Y268A expressed in HEK293 cells by cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID108777	Effective concentration of peptide at 50% maximal cAMP generation	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 46, Issue:17	Structure-activity relationships of novel cyclic alpha-MSH/beta-MSH hybrid analogues that lead to potent and selective ligands for the human MC3R and human MC5R.
AID1483081	Agonist activity at mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of cAMP accumulation after 2 hrs by alpha screen assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10	Discovery of Mixed Pharmacology Melanocortin-3 Agonists and Melanocortin-4 Receptor Tetrapeptide Antagonist Compounds (TACOs) Based on the Sequence Ac-Xaa
AID109119	Displacement of [125I]NDP-MSH from Melanocortin 4 receptor at 10 uM	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	Discovery of prototype peptidomimetic agonists at the human melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R.
AID108937	Compound was evaluated for its agonist activity on mouse melanocortin receptor 3 (mMC3R) stably expressed in HEK cells	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-16, Volume: 13, Issue:12	Urea small molecule agonists on mouse melanocortin receptors.
AID1483084	Agonist activity at mouse MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of cAMP accumulation after 2 hrs by alpha screen assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10	Discovery of Mixed Pharmacology Melanocortin-3 Agonists and Melanocortin-4 Receptor Tetrapeptide Antagonist Compounds (TACOs) Based on the Sequence Ac-Xaa
AID677161	Displacement of [125I]-NAD-alpha-MSH from MC4 receptor after 2 hrs by gamma counting in presence of ovalbumin	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Identification and in vivo and in vitro characterization of long acting and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4-R) selective α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogues.
AID1483091	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-MSH from mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells after 1 hr by gamma counting	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10	Discovery of Mixed Pharmacology Melanocortin-3 Agonists and Melanocortin-4 Receptor Tetrapeptide Antagonist Compounds (TACOs) Based on the Sequence Ac-Xaa
AID1151525	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin-3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells co-transfected with CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assessed as stimulatory response after 6 hrs	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Identification of tetrapeptides from a mixture based positional scanning library that can restore nM full agonist function of the L106P, I69T, I102S, A219V, C271Y, and C271R human melanocortin-4 polymorphic receptors (hMC4Rs).
AID109107	effective concentration of peptide at 50% maximal cAMP accumulation on Melanocortin 4 receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	Discovery of prototype peptidomimetic agonists at the human melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R.
AID677158	Displacement of [125I]-NAD-alpha-MSH from human recombinant MC1 receptor expressed in BHK570 cells after 90 mins in presence of ovalbumin	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Identification and in vivo and in vitro characterization of long acting and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4-R) selective α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogues.
AID1428576	Agonist activity at mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation preincubated for 2 hrs followed by biotinylated cAMP addition and subsequent incubation for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-26, Volume: 60, Issue:2	A Macrocyclic Agouti-Related Protein/[Nle
AID108794	Inhibitory concentration against human Melanocortin 3 receptor (hMC3R)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID632884	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human MC5 receptor expressed in human HEK293 cells to Ki for human MC1 receptor expressed in human HCT116 cells	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-08, Volume: 54, Issue:23	Development of melanoma-targeted polymer micelles by conjugation of a melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) specific ligand.
AID1356503	Agonist activity at mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen cAMP assay
AID677162	Agonist activity at human recombinant MC4 receptor expressed in BHK570 cells assessed as induction of cMAP accumulation in presence of 0.1% human serum albumin	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Identification and in vivo and in vitro characterization of long acting and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4-R) selective α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogues.
AID1169942	Activity at mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22	1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.
AID1476411	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells after 16 to 20 hrs by CRE-driven reporter assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID1771945	Agonist activity at mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of cAMP level at 100 uM incubated for 2 hr by alphaScreen assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Functional Mixture-Based Positional Scan Identifies a Library of Antagonist Tetrapeptide Sequences (LAtTeS) with Nanomolar Potency for the Melanocortin-4 Receptor and Equipotent with the Endogenous AGRP(86-132) Antagonist.
AID751880	Binding affinity to human MC4 receptor by radioligand displacement assay	2013	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 63	Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies in serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor agonists based on fused pyrrolidone scaffolds.
AID1151524	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin-1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells co-transfected with CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assessed as stimulatory response after 6 hrs	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Identification of tetrapeptides from a mixture based positional scanning library that can restore nM full agonist function of the L106P, I69T, I102S, A219V, C271Y, and C271R human melanocortin-4 polymorphic receptors (hMC4Rs).
AID391356	Agonist activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells by CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-25, Volume: 51, Issue:18	Melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 modified at the para position of the benzyl side chain (DPhe): importance for mouse melanocortin-3 receptor agonist versus antagonist activity.
AID259541	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from mutant MC4R I125A expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID1476414	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells after 16 to 20 hrs by CRE-driven reporter assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID259534	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from human wild type MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID240052	In vitro agonist potency for Mouse Melanocortin 3 receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 48, Issue:9	N-terminal fatty acylated His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) tetrapeptides: influence of fatty acid chain length on potency and selectivity at the mouse melanocortin receptors and human melanocytes.
AID109602	Agonist activity to the mouse Melanocortin-1 receptor (mMC1R)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 45, Issue:14	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors: part 2 modifications at the Phe position.
AID109429	Inhibitory concentration against human Melanocortin 5 receptor (hMC5R)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID259544	Agonist activity at the human wild type MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells by cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID259548	Agonist activity at the mutant MC4R Y287F expressed in HEK293 cells by cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID108637	Maximal agonist response of mouse melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R)	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-11, Volume: 47, Issue:6	De novo design, synthesis, and pharmacology of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone analogues derived from somatostatin by a hybrid approach.
AID108604	Effective concentration for intracellular cAMP accumulation in L-cells expressing Melanocortin 1 receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID252623	Maximal effect on human melanocortin 3 receptor expressing HEK 293 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Novel 3D pharmacophore of alpha-MSH/gamma-MSH hybrids leads to selective human MC1R and MC3R analogues.
AID321771	Agonist activity at mouse MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Backbone cyclic peptidomimetic melanocortin-4 receptor agonist as a novel orally administrated drug lead for treating obesity.
AID108775	Maximum accumulation of cAMP level against Melanocortin 3 receptor at 10 uM	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-28, Volume: 43, Issue:26	D-Amino acid scan of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: importance of Trp(8) on human MC3 receptor selectivity.
AID1479778	Agonist activity at human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP production incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Human β-Defensin 1 and β-Defensin 3 (Mouse Ortholog mBD14) Function as Full Endogenous Agonists at Select Melanocortin Receptors.
AID240053	In vitro agonist potency for Mouse Melanocortin 4 receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 48, Issue:9	N-terminal fatty acylated His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) tetrapeptides: influence of fatty acid chain length on potency and selectivity at the mouse melanocortin receptors and human melanocytes.
AID109425	Displacement of [125I]NDP-MSH from Melanocortin 5 receptor at 10 uM	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	Discovery of prototype peptidomimetic agonists at the human melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R.
AID259536	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from mutant MC4R Y268F expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID109306	Binding affinity for Human Melanocortin 5 receptor expressed in L-cells	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-28, Volume: 43, Issue:26	D-Amino acid scan of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: importance of Trp(8) on human MC3 receptor selectivity.
AID107045	In vitro activation of mouse recombinant Melanocortin-5 receptor.	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 1. Modifications at the His position.
AID321768	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from MC4R	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Backbone cyclic peptidomimetic melanocortin-4 receptor agonist as a novel orally administrated drug lead for treating obesity.
AID259537	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from mutant MC4R Y287A expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID282353	Agonist activity at mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells by beta-galactosidase assay	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-30, Volume: 47, Issue:27	Stereochemical studies of the monocyclic agouti-related protein (103-122) Arg-Phe-Phe residues: conversion of a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist into an agonist and results in the discovery of a potent and selective melanocortin-1 agonist.
AID1356506	Inverse agonist activity at mouse MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen cAMP assay
AID1638719	Agonist activity at mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene after 6 hrs by beta-galactosidase cAMP assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-14, Volume: 62, Issue:5	Discovery of Polypharmacological Melanocortin-3 and -4 Receptor Probes and Identification of a 100-Fold Selective nM MC3R Agonist versus a μM MC4R Partial Agonist.
AID1483074	Agonist activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of cAMP accumulation after 2 hrs by alpha screen assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10	Discovery of Mixed Pharmacology Melanocortin-3 Agonists and Melanocortin-4 Receptor Tetrapeptide Antagonist Compounds (TACOs) Based on the Sequence Ac-Xaa
AID109462	Agonist activity against human melanocortin receptor hMC4R	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-06, Volume: 13, Issue:1	Structure-activity relationship of linear peptide Bu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: histidine substitution.
AID1638723	Full agonist activity at mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene after 6 hrs by beta-galactosidase cAMP assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-14, Volume: 62, Issue:5	Discovery of Polypharmacological Melanocortin-3 and -4 Receptor Probes and Identification of a 100-Fold Selective nM MC3R Agonist versus a μM MC4R Partial Agonist.
AID1479777	Agonist activity at human MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP production incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Human β-Defensin 1 and β-Defensin 3 (Mouse Ortholog mBD14) Function as Full Endogenous Agonists at Select Melanocortin Receptors.
AID104102	Effective concentration was measured against frog skin MCR cells at 10 e-4 10 e-12 M Concentration.	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	Discovery of prototype peptidomimetic agonists at the human melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R.
AID240040	Effective concentration for mouse Melanocortin-3 receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8	Structure-activity relationships of the unique and potent agouti-related protein (AGRP)-melanocortin chimeric Tyr-c[beta-Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr-NH2 peptide template.
AID1476421	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 30 mins by luminescent enzymatic complementation based assay relative to alpha-MSH	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID729277	Agonist activity at mouse MC1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 6 hrs by cAMP-based beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-11, Volume: 56, Issue:7	Structure-activity relationships of peptides incorporating a bioactive reverse-turn heterocycle at the melanocortin receptors: identification of a 5800-fold mouse melanocortin-3 receptor (mMC3R) selective antagonist/partial agonist versus the mouse melano
AID732393	Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM to 1 uM upto 48 hrs
AID108786	effective concentration of peptide at 50% maximal cAMP accumulation on Melanocortin 3 receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	Discovery of prototype peptidomimetic agonists at the human melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R.
AID259553	Agonist activity at the mutant MC4R I291A expressed in HEK293 cells by cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID108481	Agonist potency for human Melanocortin 1 receptor	2002	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-02, Volume: 12, Issue:17	Structure-activity relationship of linear peptide Bu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: arginine substitution.
AID1685031	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by cAMP Alpha-screen assay
AID259552	Agonist activity at the mutant MC4R I129A expressed in HEK293 cells by cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID109617	Agonist activity to the mouse Melanocortin-3 receptor (mMC3R)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 45, Issue:14	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors: part 2 modifications at the Phe position.
AID102012	In vitro potency of compound to stimulate melanosome dispersion in lizard skin relative to alpha-MSH	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9	Comparative biological activities of highly potent active-site analogues of alpha-melanotropin.
AID108781	Evaluated for agonist activity at cloned Melanocortin 3 receptor	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 38, Issue:18	Cyclic lactam alpha-melanotropin analogues of Ac-Nle4-cyclo[Asp5, D-Phe7,Lys10] alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-(4-10)-NH2 with bulky aromatic amino acids at position 7 show high antagonist potency and selectivity at specific melanocortin receptors.
AID221832	Functional activity at the mouse melanocortin 3 receptor	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-21, Volume: 44, Issue:13	Characterization of melanocortin NDP-MSH agonist peptide fragments at the mouse central and peripheral melanocortin receptors.
AID1458954	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-12, Volume: 60, Issue:19	Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on a Macrocyclic Agouti-Related Protein (AGRP) Scaffold Reveal Agouti Signaling Protein (ASP) Residue Substitutions Maintain Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Result in Inverse Agonist Pharmacology at t
AID1685033	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 5 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by cAMP Alpha-screen assay
AID752240	Binding affinity to human MC4 receptor by radioligand displacement assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-15, Volume: 21, Issue:10	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-(5-methyl-4-phenyl-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-acetamide stereoisomers as novel positive allosteric modulators of sigma-1 receptor.
AID109298	Effective concentration that was able to generate 50% maximal intracellular cAMP in L-cells transfected with Melanocortin 5 receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID71943	In vitro potency of compound to stimulate melanosome dispersion in frog (Rana pipiens) skin relative to alpha-MSH	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9	Comparative biological activities of highly potent active-site analogues of alpha-melanotropin.
AID108792	Inhibition of human Melanocortin 3 receptor	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 46, Issue:17	Structure-activity relationships of novel cyclic alpha-MSH/beta-MSH hybrid analogues that lead to potent and selective ligands for the human MC3R and human MC5R.
AID108605	Effective concentration required for the biological activity against human Melanocortin 1 receptor	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-25, Volume: 46, Issue:20	Peptide science: exploring the use of chemical principles and interdisciplinary collaboration for understanding life processes.
AID109291	Maximum accumulation of cAMP by Melanocortin 5 receptor at 10 uM	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-28, Volume: 43, Issue:26	D-Amino acid scan of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: importance of Trp(8) on human MC3 receptor selectivity.
AID282350	Agonist activity at mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells by beta-galactosidase assay	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-30, Volume: 47, Issue:27	Stereochemical studies of the monocyclic agouti-related protein (103-122) Arg-Phe-Phe residues: conversion of a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist into an agonist and results in the discovery of a potent and selective melanocortin-1 agonist.
AID109444	Agonist activity on mouse melanocortin 5 receptor (mMC5R) stably expressed in HEL cells	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-16, Volume: 13, Issue:12	Urea small molecule agonists on mouse melanocortin receptors.
AID1336329	Displacement of [125I]NDP-a-MSH from human recombinant MC4 receptor expressed in CHO cells measured after 120 mins by scintillation counting method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-15, Volume: 25, Issue:2	Structure-anticonvulsant activity studies in the group of (E)-N-cinnamoyl aminoalkanols derivatives monosubstituted in phenyl ring with 4-Cl, 4-CH
AID282355	Agonist activity at mouse MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells by beta-galactosidase assay	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-30, Volume: 47, Issue:27	Stereochemical studies of the monocyclic agouti-related protein (103-122) Arg-Phe-Phe residues: conversion of a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist into an agonist and results in the discovery of a potent and selective melanocortin-1 agonist.
AID1296534	Agonist activity at mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by alphascreen assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7	An in Vitro and in Vivo Investigation of Bivalent Ligands That Display Preferential Binding and Functional Activity for Different Melanocortin Receptor Homodimers.
AID1771950	Agonist activity at mouse MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of cAMP level at 100 uM incubated for 2 hr by alphaScreen assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Functional Mixture-Based Positional Scan Identifies a Library of Antagonist Tetrapeptide Sequences (LAtTeS) with Nanomolar Potency for the Melanocortin-4 Receptor and Equipotent with the Endogenous AGRP(86-132) Antagonist.
AID108969	Effective concentration required for intracellular cAMP accumulation by Melanocortin 4 receptor	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-28, Volume: 43, Issue:26	D-Amino acid scan of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: importance of Trp(8) on human MC3 receptor selectivity.
AID1483073	Displacement of [125I]-NDP-MSH from mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells after 1 hr by gamma counting	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-25, Volume: 60, Issue:10	Discovery of Mixed Pharmacology Melanocortin-3 Agonists and Melanocortin-4 Receptor Tetrapeptide Antagonist Compounds (TACOs) Based on the Sequence Ac-Xaa
AID102013	Relative potency compared to alpha MSH in a lizard skin bioassay.	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 40, Issue:17	beta-Methylation of the Phe7 and Trp9 melanotropin side chain pharmacophores affects ligand-receptor interactions and prolonged biological activity.
AID677160	Displacement of [125I]-NAD-alpha-MSH from human recombinant MC3 receptor human MC5 expressed in BHK570 cells after 1 hr in presence of ovalbumin	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-08, Volume: 55, Issue:5	Identification and in vivo and in vitro characterization of long acting and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4-R) selective α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogues.
AID108956	Maximum accumulation of cAMP level by Melanocortin 4 receptor at 10 uM	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-28, Volume: 43, Issue:26	D-Amino acid scan of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: importance of Trp(8) on human MC3 receptor selectivity.
AID1285634	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from human recombinant MC4 receptor expressed in CHO cells	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 24, Issue:8	Design, physico-chemical properties and biological evaluation of some new N-[(phenoxy)alkyl]- and N-{2-[2-(phenoxy)ethoxy]ethyl}aminoalkanols as anticonvulsant agents.
AID1479775	Agonist activity at mouse MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP production incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Human β-Defensin 1 and β-Defensin 3 (Mouse Ortholog mBD14) Function as Full Endogenous Agonists at Select Melanocortin Receptors.
AID587930	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin 3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 48 hrs by cAMP based beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Incorporation of a bioactive reverse-turn heterocycle into a peptide template using solid-phase synthesis to probe melanocortin receptor selectivity and ligand conformations by 2D 1H NMR.
AID221834	Functional activity at the mouse melanocortin 4 receptor	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-21, Volume: 44, Issue:13	Characterization of melanocortin NDP-MSH agonist peptide fragments at the mouse central and peripheral melanocortin receptors.
AID1771948	Agonist activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of cAMP level incubated for 2 hr by alphaScreen assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-14, Volume: 64, Issue:19	Functional Mixture-Based Positional Scan Identifies a Library of Antagonist Tetrapeptide Sequences (LAtTeS) with Nanomolar Potency for the Melanocortin-4 Receptor and Equipotent with the Endogenous AGRP(86-132) Antagonist.
AID240054	In vitro agonist potency for Mouse Melanocortin 5 receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 48, Issue:9	N-terminal fatty acylated His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) tetrapeptides: influence of fatty acid chain length on potency and selectivity at the mouse melanocortin receptors and human melanocytes.
AID587928	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin 5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 48 hrs by cAMP based beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Incorporation of a bioactive reverse-turn heterocycle into a peptide template using solid-phase synthesis to probe melanocortin receptor selectivity and ligand conformations by 2D 1H NMR.
AID108787	Binding affinity for Human Melanocortin 3 receptor expressed in L-cells	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-28, Volume: 43, Issue:26	D-Amino acid scan of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: importance of Trp(8) on human MC3 receptor selectivity.
AID447388	Agonistic activity against mouse MC5R	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Semi-rigid tripeptide agonists of melanocortin receptors.
AID1776311	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 5 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP accumulation incubated for 24 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9	Discovery of Nanomolar Melanocortin-3 Receptor (MC3R)-Selective Small Molecule Pyrrolidine Bis-Cyclic Guanidine Agonist Compounds Via a High-Throughput "Unbiased" Screening Campaign.
AID259538	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from mutant MC4R Y287F expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID107044	Activity in mouse melanocortin-5 receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 45, Issue:26	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2 at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 4. Modifications at the Trp position.
AID108611	effective concentration of peptide at 50% maximal cAMP accumulation on Melanocortin 1 receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	Discovery of prototype peptidomimetic agonists at the human melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R.
AID1685035	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 4 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by cAMP Alpha-screen assay
AID108778	Effective concentration that was able to generate 50% maximal intracellular cAMP in L-cells transfected with Melanocortin 3 receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID1169944	Activity at mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22	1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.
AID109131	Inhibitory concentration against human Melanocortin 4 receptor (hMC4R)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID321770	Agonist activity at mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-28, Volume: 51, Issue:4	Backbone cyclic peptidomimetic melanocortin-4 receptor agonist as a novel orally administrated drug lead for treating obesity.
AID240041	Effective concentration for mouse Melanocortin-4 receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8	Structure-activity relationships of the unique and potent agouti-related protein (AGRP)-melanocortin chimeric Tyr-c[beta-Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr-NH2 peptide template.
AID1547509	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by cAMP AlphaScreen assay	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-12, Volume: 11, Issue:3	Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Melanocortin His-Phe-Arg-Trp Sequences Decrease Tetrapeptide Potency and Efficacy.
AID1705453	Photo-protective activity in EPP patient assessed as time spent in direct sunlight without pain measured after 6 months (Rvb = 41 hrs)	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 205	New drug approvals for 2019: Synthesis and clinical applications.
AID109289	Percent activation of human melanocortin receptor Melanocortin 5 receptor was determined at 10 uM	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 46, Issue:17	Structure-activity relationships of novel cyclic alpha-MSH/beta-MSH hybrid analogues that lead to potent and selective ligands for the human MC3R and human MC5R.
AID1725372	Agonist activity at mouse MC3R by alphascreen cAMP assay	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-08, Volume: 11, Issue:10	Peptoid NPhe
AID34307	In vitro potency of compound to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in melanoma cells relative to alpha-MSH	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9	Comparative biological activities of highly potent active-site analogues of alpha-melanotropin.
AID729276	Agonist activity at mouse MC3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 6 hrs by cAMP-based beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-11, Volume: 56, Issue:7	Structure-activity relationships of peptides incorporating a bioactive reverse-turn heterocycle at the melanocortin receptors: identification of a 5800-fold mouse melanocortin-3 receptor (mMC3R) selective antagonist/partial agonist versus the mouse melano
AID729275	Agonist activity at mouse MC4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 6 hrs by cAMP-based beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2013	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-11, Volume: 56, Issue:7	Structure-activity relationships of peptides incorporating a bioactive reverse-turn heterocycle at the melanocortin receptors: identification of a 5800-fold mouse melanocortin-3 receptor (mMC3R) selective antagonist/partial agonist versus the mouse melano
AID1547511	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 3 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by cAMP Alpha-screen assay	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-12, Volume: 11, Issue:3	Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Melanocortin His-Phe-Arg-Trp Sequences Decrease Tetrapeptide Potency and Efficacy.
AID632883	Selectivity ratio of Ki for human MC4 receptor expressed in human HEK293 cells to Ki for human MC1 receptor expressed in human HCT116 cells	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-08, Volume: 54, Issue:23	Development of melanoma-targeted polymer micelles by conjugation of a melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) specific ligand.
AID1151529	Displacement of [I125]-NDP-MSH from human melanocortin-4 receptor L106P mutant expressed in HEK293 cells	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Identification of tetrapeptides from a mixture based positional scanning library that can restore nM full agonist function of the L106P, I69T, I102S, A219V, C271Y, and C271R human melanocortin-4 polymorphic receptors (hMC4Rs).
AID108790	Inhibitory activity against Melanocortin 3 receptor	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 38, Issue:18	Cyclic lactam alpha-melanotropin analogues of Ac-Nle4-cyclo[Asp5, D-Phe7,Lys10] alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-(4-10)-NH2 with bulky aromatic amino acids at position 7 show high antagonist potency and selectivity at specific melanocortin receptors.
AID447385	Agonistic activity against mouse MC1R	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Semi-rigid tripeptide agonists of melanocortin receptors.
AID109275	Agonist activity on mouse melanocortin 4 receptor (mMC4R) stably expressed in HEL cells	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-16, Volume: 13, Issue:12	Urea small molecule agonists on mouse melanocortin receptors.
AID240042	Effective concentration for mouse Melanocortin-5 receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8	Structure-activity relationships of the unique and potent agouti-related protein (AGRP)-melanocortin chimeric Tyr-c[beta-Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Asn-Ala-Phe-Dpr]-Tyr-NH2 peptide template.
AID632880	Displacement of Eu-NDP-alphaMSH from human MC1 receptor expressed in human HCT116 cells after 1.5 hrs by time-resolved fluorescence analysis	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-08, Volume: 54, Issue:23	Development of melanoma-targeted polymer micelles by conjugation of a melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) specific ligand.
AID1776308	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 4 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of intracellular cAMP accumulation incubated for 24 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 05-13, Volume: 64, Issue:9	Discovery of Nanomolar Melanocortin-3 Receptor (MC3R)-Selective Small Molecule Pyrrolidine Bis-Cyclic Guanidine Agonist Compounds Via a High-Throughput "Unbiased" Screening Campaign.
AID1169943	Activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22	1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.
AID391365	Agonist activity at mouse MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells by CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-25, Volume: 51, Issue:18	Melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 modified at the para position of the benzyl side chain (DPhe): importance for mouse melanocortin-3 receptor agonist versus antagonist activity.
AID1638724	Full agonist activity at mouse MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene after 6 hrs by beta-galactosidase cAMP assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-14, Volume: 62, Issue:5	Discovery of Polypharmacological Melanocortin-3 and -4 Receptor Probes and Identification of a 100-Fold Selective nM MC3R Agonist versus a μM MC4R Partial Agonist.
AID1476416	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells after 16 to 20 hrs by CRE-driven reporter assay relative to alpha-MSH	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID259550	Agonist activity at the mutant MC4R F184L expressed in HEK293 cells by cAMP accumulation	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID1296528	Displacement of 125I-NDP-MSH from mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 1 hr by gamma counting analysis	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7	An in Vitro and in Vivo Investigation of Bivalent Ligands That Display Preferential Binding and Functional Activity for Different Melanocortin Receptor Homodimers.
AID1476420	Agonist activity at EYFP-fused human MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 30 mins by luminescent enzymatic complementation based assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-09, Volume: 60, Issue:21	Click-Chemistry-Mediated Synthesis of Selective Melanocortin Receptor 4 Agonists.
AID632882	Displacement of Eu-NDP-alphaMSH from human MC5 receptor expressed in human HEK293 cells after 1.5 hrs by time-resolved fluorescence analysis	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-08, Volume: 54, Issue:23	Development of melanoma-targeted polymer micelles by conjugation of a melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) specific ligand.
AID108780	Effective concentration required for intracellular cAMP accumulation against Melanocortin 3 receptor	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-28, Volume: 43, Issue:26	D-Amino acid scan of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: importance of Trp(8) on human MC3 receptor selectivity.
AID108970	Evaluated for agonist activity at cloned mammalian Melanocortin 4 receptor	1995	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 38, Issue:18	Cyclic lactam alpha-melanotropin analogues of Ac-Nle4-cyclo[Asp5, D-Phe7,Lys10] alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-(4-10)-NH2 with bulky aromatic amino acids at position 7 show high antagonist potency and selectivity at specific melanocortin receptors.
AID1638718	Agonist activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells co-expressing CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene after 6 hrs by beta-galactosidase cAMP assay	2019	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-14, Volume: 62, Issue:5	Discovery of Polypharmacological Melanocortin-3 and -4 Receptor Probes and Identification of a 100-Fold Selective nM MC3R Agonist versus a μM MC4R Partial Agonist.
AID108967	Effective concentration for intracellular cAMP accumulation in L-cells expressing Melanocortin 4 receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Biological and conformational examination of stereochemical modifications using the template melanotropin peptide, Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Ala-Lys]-NH2, on human melanocortin receptors.
AID1458957	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 5 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation after 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-12, Volume: 60, Issue:19	Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on a Macrocyclic Agouti-Related Protein (AGRP) Scaffold Reveal Agouti Signaling Protein (ASP) Residue Substitutions Maintain Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Result in Inverse Agonist Pharmacology at t
AID109428	Inhibition of human melanocortin 5 receptor	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 46, Issue:17	Structure-activity relationships of novel cyclic alpha-MSH/beta-MSH hybrid analogues that lead to potent and selective ligands for the human MC3R and human MC5R.
AID1559775	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by cAMP Alpha-screen assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5	Incorporation of Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP) Human Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AgRP-Derived Macrocyclic Scaffold c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-dPro] Decreases Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Results in the Discovery of M
AID1559783	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 5 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by cAMP Alpha-screen assay	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-12, Volume: 63, Issue:5	Incorporation of Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP) Human Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AgRP-Derived Macrocyclic Scaffold c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-dPro] Decreases Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist Potency and Results in the Discovery of M
AID109128	Inhibition of human melanocortin 4 receptor	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-14, Volume: 46, Issue:17	Structure-activity relationships of novel cyclic alpha-MSH/beta-MSH hybrid analogues that lead to potent and selective ligands for the human MC3R and human MC5R.
AID108779	Effective concentration required for the biological activity against human Melanocortin 3 receptor	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-25, Volume: 46, Issue:20	Peptide science: exploring the use of chemical principles and interdisciplinary collaboration for understanding life processes.
AID82381	In vitro agonist potency was evaluated in HEK293 cells transfected with human melanocortin receptor (hMC4R)	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16	Sub-nanomolar hMC1R agonists by end-capping of the melanocortin tetrapeptide His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH(2).
AID252622	Maximal effect on human melanocortin 1 receptor expressing HEK 293 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-24, Volume: 48, Issue:6	Novel 3D pharmacophore of alpha-MSH/gamma-MSH hybrids leads to selective human MC1R and MC3R analogues.
AID1296537	Agonist activity at mouse MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by alphascreen assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7	An in Vitro and in Vivo Investigation of Bivalent Ligands That Display Preferential Binding and Functional Activity for Different Melanocortin Receptor Homodimers.
AID1356508	Agonist activity at mouse MC3R expressed in HEK293 cells at 100 uM incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen cAMP assay relative to untreated control
AID1169945	Activity at mouse MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation by CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-26, Volume: 57, Issue:22	1,4-disubstituted-[1,2,3]triazolyl-containing analogues of MT-II: design, synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity.
AID1547516	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin receptor 5 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as stimulation of cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by cAMP Alpha-screen assay	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-12, Volume: 11, Issue:3	Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Melanocortin His-Phe-Arg-Trp Sequences Decrease Tetrapeptide Potency and Efficacy.
AID1151528	Displacement of [I125]-NDP-MSH from wild type human melanocortin-4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Identification of tetrapeptides from a mixture based positional scanning library that can restore nM full agonist function of the L106P, I69T, I102S, A219V, C271Y, and C271R human melanocortin-4 polymorphic receptors (hMC4Rs).
AID259539	Displacement of [125I]NDP-alpha-MSH from mutant MC4R F184A expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-09, Volume: 49, Issue:3	Mapping the binding site of melanocortin 4 receptor agonists: a hydrophobic pocket formed by I3.28(125), I3.32(129), and I7.42(291) is critical for receptor activation.
AID587929	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin 4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 48 hrs by cAMP based beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 54, Issue:5	Incorporation of a bioactive reverse-turn heterocycle into a peptide template using solid-phase synthesis to probe melanocortin receptor selectivity and ligand conformations by 2D 1H NMR.
AID108634	Agonist activity on mouse melanocortin 1 receptor (mMC1R) stably expressed in HEK cells	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-16, Volume: 13, Issue:12	Urea small molecule agonists on mouse melanocortin receptors.
AID1151526	Agonist activity at mouse melanocortin-4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells co-transfected with CRE/beta-galactosidase reporter gene assessed as stimulatory response after 6 hrs	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 57, Issue:11	Identification of tetrapeptides from a mixture based positional scanning library that can restore nM full agonist function of the L106P, I69T, I102S, A219V, C271Y, and C271R human melanocortin-4 polymorphic receptors (hMC4Rs).
AID1296536	Agonist activity at mouse MC4R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as cAMP accumulation incubated for 2 hrs by alphascreen assay	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-14, Volume: 59, Issue:7	An in Vitro and in Vivo Investigation of Bivalent Ligands That Display Preferential Binding and Functional Activity for Different Melanocortin Receptor Homodimers.
AID1428577	Agonist activity at mouse MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation preincubated for 2 hrs followed by biotinylated cAMP addition and subsequent incubation for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-26, Volume: 60, Issue:2	A Macrocyclic Agouti-Related Protein/[Nle
AID109615	In vitro activation of mouse recombinant Melanocortin-3 receptor.	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors. 1. Modifications at the His position.
AID107035	Agonist activity to the mouse Melanocortin-4 receptor (mMC4R)	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 45, Issue:14	Structure-activity relationships of the melanocortin tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH(2) at the mouse melanocortin receptors: part 2 modifications at the Phe position.
AID221835	Functional activity at the mouse melanocortin 5 receptor	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-21, Volume: 44, Issue:13	Characterization of melanocortin NDP-MSH agonist peptide fragments at the mouse central and peripheral melanocortin receptors.
AID1479779	Agonist activity at human MC5R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP production incubated for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8	Human β-Defensin 1 and β-Defensin 3 (Mouse Ortholog mBD14) Function as Full Endogenous Agonists at Select Melanocortin Receptors.
AID1428574	Agonist activity at mouse MC1R expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation preincubated for 2 hrs followed by biotinylated cAMP addition and subsequent incubation for 2 hrs by AlphaScreen assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-26, Volume: 60, Issue:2	A Macrocyclic Agouti-Related Protein/[Nle
AID109137	Binding affinity towards human melanocortin 4 receptor (hMC4R)	2003	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16	Sub-nanomolar hMC1R agonists by end-capping of the melanocortin tetrapeptide His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH(2).
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	17 (6.42)	18.7374
1990's	63 (23.77)	18.2507
2000's	103 (38.87)	29.6817
2010's	70 (26.42)	24.3611
2020's	12 (4.53)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	7 (2.55%)	5.53%
Reviews	4 (1.45%)	6.00%
Case Studies	2 (0.73%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.36%)	0.25%
Other	261 (94.91%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	3.19	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.46	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.41	2	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
melatonin [no description available]	3.31	6	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.21	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
spermine [no description available]	2	1	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	3.19	5	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.	3.19	5	0	amphetamines; dimethoxybenzene; organoiodine compound
gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.	3.19	5	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	3.19	5	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine	3.19	5	0	aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	1.99	1	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
theophylline [no description available]	1.98	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	3.33	6	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	2.15	1	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	3.19	5	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	3.19	5	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.15	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2	1	0
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.13	1	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	1.97	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
ha 1004 N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0	isoquinolines
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	3.31	6	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	2.07	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
ici 118551 [no description available]	2.99	4	0	indanes
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	3.32	6	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	2.39	2	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	3.19	5	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
methoctramine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; tetramine	muscarinic antagonist
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	2.13	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	3.19	5	0	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	3.19	5	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
protriptyline Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.	3.19	5	0	carbotricyclic compound	antidepressant
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	3.19	5	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
7-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-8-ol [no description available]	2.54	2	0	benzazepine; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist
spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
corticosterone [no description available]	2.67	3	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
aldosterone [no description available]	1.96	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.13	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.	2.08	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.	2.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; quinoline N-oxide	carcinogenic agent
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	1.97	1	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	1.99	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	1.97	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
mannitol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	1.99	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
veratridine [no description available]	2.99	4	0	steroid	sodium channel modulator
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	1.99	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.42	2	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	3.19	5	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.05	1	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
ethylnitrosourea Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.	2.03	1	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	2.4	2	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
norleucine Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.	2.04	1	0	2-aminohexanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	2	1	0	manganese group element atom
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	2	1	0	manganese group element atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.05	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
poloxalene Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).	1.99	1	0	epoxide
vasotocin Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.	2.11	1	0
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.89	4	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.13	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
butaclamol (+)-butaclamol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 2,3,4,4a,8,9,13b,14-octahydro-1H-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2,3-de]pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline substituted at position 3 by both hydroxy and tert-butyl groups.	2.13	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound
butaclamol [no description available]	2.76	3	0	amino alcohol; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.42	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0	18-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid
aica ribonucleotide AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.	2.05	1	0	1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole	cardiovascular drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rosiglitazone [no description available]	3.02	4	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	1.97	1	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.19	5	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
melanotan-ii melanotan-II: synthetic cyclic heptapeptide, an analog of alpha-melanotropin (4,10); capable of stimulating melanin synthesis & promoting rapid tanning of skin; currently in trials for use in the prevention of sunlight-induced skin cancer	5.9	18	0	organic molecular entity
pyrimidine dimers Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.	3.41	1	1
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	2	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.	2.77	3	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	delta-opioid receptor agonist
cp-55,940 [no description available]	3.19	5	0
laurdan laurdan: RN from CA Index Guide	2.05	1	0
dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol [no description available]	2.91	4	0
arg-3-hyp-7-phe-bradykinin NPC 567: bradykinin receptor antagonist. NPC-567 : A ten-membered oligopeptide comprising D-arginyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, (4R)-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl, glycyl, L-phenylalanyl, L-seryl, D-phenylalanyl, L-phenylalanyl and L-arginine residues joined in sequence.	2.81	3	0	oligopeptide	bradykinin receptor antagonist
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	3.01	4	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
1-(1-(2-benzo(b)thienyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine 1-(1-(2-benzo(b)thienyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine: structure given in first source. 1-[1-(1-benzothiophen-2-yl)cyclohexyl]piperidine : A tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and benzothiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A potent dopamine re-uptake inhibitor with a behavioral profile different from that of phencyclidine (PCP) and similar to that of cocaine.	3.19	5	0	1-benzothiophenes; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	dopamine uptake inhibitor
acth (4-10) ACTH (4-10): part of ACTH molecule containing amino acids 4-10 of total 39 amino acid chain; heptapeptide common to MSH & ACTH; RN given refers to glycine cpd	2.38	2	0
deltorphin ii, ala(2)- deltorphin II, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors	2.02	1	0
pre 084 2-(4-morpholino)ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate: structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	morpholines
dioctadecylamidospermine [no description available]	2	1	0
pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid: structure given in first source	2	1	0
neurokinin a (4-10), nle(10)- [no description available]	2.79	3	0
substance p, sar(9)-met(o2)(11)- substance P, Sar(9)-Met(O2)(11)-: a neurokinin-1 receptor agonist	3.02	4	0
tartrazine Tartrazine: An anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow color used in fabrics, foods and cosmetics, and as a biological stain.. tartrazine : An organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid. A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring.	2	1	0
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-n-oxide-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source	2.42	2	0	aminoxyls; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.37	2	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.15	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
dizocilpine [no description available]	2.78	3	0	secondary amino compound; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-o-(1-thiotriphosphate) 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure.	3	4	0
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	2.11	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	2	1	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
picrotoxinin [no description available]	3.19	5	0	epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	GABA antagonist; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	3.19	5	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	1.97	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	1.98	1	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
sodium chlorate sodium chlorate : An inorganic sodium salt that has chlorate as the counter-ion. An oxidising agent, it is used for bleaching paper and as a herbicide. It is also used in the manufacture of dyes, explosives and matches.	2	1	0	chlorate salt; inorganic sodium salt	herbicide
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	2.45	2	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
bemesetron [no description available]	3.19	5	0
4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide 4-DAMP methiodide : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane.	3.19	5	0	iodide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine	3.19	5	0	dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine	analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	2.04	1	0	benzazepine
chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.	1.97	1	0	organic sodium salt	allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant
rs 102221 [no description available]	3.19	5	0	aromatic ketone
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	1.96	1	0
jnj 7777120 1-((5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl)-4-methylpiperazine: an H4 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	3.42	7	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	1.99	1	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	1.98	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
istradefylline [no description available]	3.35	1	0	oxopurine
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	3.19	5	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	2.39	2	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.41	2	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- [no description available]	3.19	5	0	peptide
ici 118551 ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).	2.15	1	0	aromatic ether; indanes; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	1.98	1	0
saralasin Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION.	3.19	5	0	oligopeptide
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	2.49	2	0	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
sb 222200 [no description available]	3.19	5	0	quinolines
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	2.78	3	0	oligopeptide
vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(o- methyl-l-tyrosine)-8-l-arginine- vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(O- methyl-L-tyrosine)-8-L-arginine-: highly potent antagonist of vasopressor response to arginine-vasopressin; structure in first source	3.02	4	0
ml 00253764 2-(2-(2-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-3-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole: structure in first source	2.46	2	0
flag peptide FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins.	1.99	1	0	peptide
shu 9119 SHU 9119: an agouti mimetic; structure in first source	3.81	11	0
bremelanotide bremelanotide: a synthetic peptide analogue of alpha-MSH, is an agonist at melanocortin receptors including the MC3R and MC4R, which are expressed primarily in the central nervous system;	2.07	1	0	oligopeptide
pitolisant pitolisant: functions as both inverse agonist and antagonist of histamine H3 receptors; structure in first source	3.35	1	0	organochlorine compound
acetyl-histidyl-phenylalanyl-arginyl-tryptophanamide [no description available]	2.95	4	0
ac-his-dphe-arg-trp-nh2 [no description available]	3.92	12	0
rm-493 setmelanotide: an anti-obesity agent	2.31	1	0
mdv 3100 [no description available]	3.35	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; imidazolidinone; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; thiocarbonyl compound	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.	2.9	4	0
somatostatin [no description available]	3.19	5	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone
nociceptin [no description available]	2.99	4	0	organic molecular entity; polypeptide	human metabolite; rat metabolite
msh, 4-nle-alpha- MSH, 4-Nle-alpha-: biologically active analog of MSH	2.66	3	0
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	2.39	2	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	2.7	3	0
alpha-msh [no description available]	4.62	26	0	peptide hormone	anti-inflammatory agent
astressin astressin : A 30-membered homodetic cyclic peptide comprising the sequence D-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Leu-Glu-Nle-Ala-Arg-Ala-Glu-Gln-Leu-Ala-Gln-Glu-Ala-His-Lys-Asn-Arg-Lys-Leu-Nle-Glu-Ile-Ile-NH2 cyclised by an amide bridge, formed by condensation of the side-chain carboxy group of the Glu residue at position 19 and the side-chain amino group of the Lys residue at position 22.	2.04	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide	corticotropin-releasing factor receptor antagonist; neuroprotective agent
bombesin [no description available]	3	4	0
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	2.97	4	0
fedratinib fedratinib: a selective small-molecule inhibitor of JAK2	3.35	1	0	sulfonamide
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	1.99	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
apalutamide [no description available]	3.35	1	0
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	2	1	0	BODIPY compound
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	3.19	5	0	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
pexidartinib pexidartinib: inhibits both CSF1R and c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase; structure in first source. pexidartinib : A pyrrolopyridine that is 5-chloro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine which is substituted by a [6-({[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}amino)pyridin-3-yl]methyl group at position 3. It is a potent multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor of CSF-1R, KIT, and FLT3 (IC50 of 20 nM, 10 nM and 160 nM, respectively). Approved by the FDA for the treatment of adult patients with symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT).	3.35	1	0	aminopyridine; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; pyrrolopyridine; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.11	1	0
endothelins [no description available]	2.76	3	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.47	2	0
pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 38 [no description available]	3	4	0
gamma2-msh gamma2-MSH: The 11-residue peptide that is without amidation.	3.43	7	0
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.08	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	3.19	5	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
hs 024 HS 024: a melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist; structure in first source	3.14	5	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	2.93	4	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	4.12	16	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	4.12	16	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.76	10	0
Allodynia [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Ache [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	2.04	1	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	2.46	2	0
Aura [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	2.13	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.15	1	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.84	3	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	2.84	3	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	2.41	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	2.63	2	0
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	2.25	1	0
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	2.25	1	0
Cardiac Death [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	2.31	1	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	2.76	3	0
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	2.17	1	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	2.21	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	3.9	12	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	3.95	13	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.21	1	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.96	4	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Hypernatremia Excessive amount of sodium in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.08	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.08	1	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	2.1	1	0
Asystole [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	2.1	1	0
Coxarthrosis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Osteoarthritis, Hip Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.	2.11	1	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.04	1	0
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	2.04	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	2.45	2	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	2.46	2	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	2.05	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.97	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.06	1	0
Nevi, Melanocytic [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Nevus, Pigmented A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.	2.06	1	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.72	3	0
Nail Diseases Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.	2.08	1	0
Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	2.07	1	0
Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).	2.07	1	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.02	1	0
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.	4.37	2	2
Leanness [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	2.02	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	2.02	1	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.02	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.92	4	0
Binge Eating [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Bulimia Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.	2.02	1	0
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.03	1	0
MODS [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	2.03	1	0
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	3.42	1	1
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	3.42	1	1
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.04	1	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	2.03	1	0
Melanoma, Amelanotic An unpigmented malignant melanoma. It is an anaplastic melanoma consisting of cells derived from melanoblasts but not forming melanin. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	1.98	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	1.99	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	1.99	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	1.99	1	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	1.99	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	1.99	1	0
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available]	2	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	2	1	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	2	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	2	1	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	2	1	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	2	1	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.38	2	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.37	2	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	2.37	2	0

msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha-

Cross-References

Synonyms (29)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (12)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (89)

Molecular Functions (13)

Ceullar Components (10)

Bioassays (256)

Research

Studies (265)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 9.31

Study Types

msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha-

Cross-References

Synonyms (29)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (12)

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (89)

Molecular Functions (13)

Ceullar Components (10)

Bioassays (256)

Research

Studies (265)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 9.31

Study Types

Related Drugs (168)

Related Conditions (109)