cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937 [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 65536 |
| CHEMBL ID | 482858 |
| CHEBI ID | 15776 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 76583 |
| MeSH ID | M0084212 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| CHEBI:15776 , |
| (6r,7r)-3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-{[(5r)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]amino}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid |
| 7-(5-amino-5-carboxyvaleramido)cephalosporanic acid |
| 5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-(5-amino-5-carboxyvaleramido)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-, acetate (ester) |
| 5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-((acetyloxy)methyl)-7-((5-amino-5-carboxy-1-oxopentyl)amino)-8-oxo-, (6r-(6alpha,7beta(r*)))- |
| 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-7-[[(5r)-5-amino-5-carboxy-1-oxopentyl]amino]-8-oxo-, (6r,7r)- |
| cephalosporin c |
| 61-24-5 |
| C00916 |
| DB03313 |
| einecs 200-501-6 |
| brn 0065348 |
| CEPHALOSPORIN-C , |
| CEPHALOSPORINS , |
| CHEMBL482858 |
| nsc-757790 |
| cephalosporin c disodium salt |
| 5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-((acetyloxy)methyl)-7-((5-amino-5-carboxy-1-oxopentyl)amino)-8-oxo-, disodium salt, (6r-(6alpha,7beta(r*)))- |
| einecs 254-669-0 |
| disodium (6r-(6alpha,7beta(r*)))-3-(acetoxymethyl)-7-((5-amino-5-carboxylato-1-oxopentyl)amino)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate |
| 39879-21-5 |
| cephalosporin c [inn:ban] |
| unii-3xiy7hjt5l |
| 3xiy7hjt5l , |
| nsc 757790 |
| 4-27-00-05902 (beilstein handbook reference) |
| einecs 234-341-3 |
| EPITOPE ID:116208 |
| cephalosporin c [mi] |
| cephalosporin c [who-dd] |
| SCHEMBL76583 |
| HOKIDJSKDBPKTQ-GLXFQSAKSA-N |
| (6r,7r)-3-(acetyloxymethyl)-7-[[(5r)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]amino]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid |
| Q5063335 |
| cefazedone sodium salt impurity 2 |
| SDCCGSBI-0050269.P002 |
| DTXSID90960427 |
| cephalosporinc |
Cephalosporin C (CPC) is a natural secondary metabolite from the filamentous fungus Acremonium chrysogenum. PC plays a major and demanding role in both producing modern antibiotics and developing new ones.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Cephalosporin C (CPC), which is a natural secondary metabolite from the filamentous fungus Acremonium chrysogenum, plays a major and demanding role in both producing modern antibiotics and developing new ones." | ( Cephalosporins as key lead generation beta-lactam antibiotics. Kück, U; Lin, X, 2022) | 1.44 |
The cephalosporin class has been associated with an increased risk of bleeding among elderly patients receiving warfarin. The cefepime has been studied by adsorptive stripping voltammetric on the hanging mercury drop electrode.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "The cephalosporin class has been associated with an increased risk of bleeding among elderly patients receiving warfarin. " | ( Ceftriaxone Potentiates Warfarin Activity Greater Than Other Antibiotics in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections. Balmat, RP; Saum, LM, 2016) | 0.99 |
| "The cephalosporin cefepime has been studied by adsorptive stripping voltammetric on the hanging mercury drop electrode, followed by linear sweep voltammetry (staircase). " | ( Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of cefepime at the mercury electrode in human urine and cerebrospinal fluid, and differential pulse polarographic determination in serum. Carranza, JH; Mochón, MC; Palacios, FJ; Sánchez, JC, 2003) | 0.88 |
The third generation cephalosporin cefovecin has been shown to have an exceptionally long elimination half-life in dogs and cats. This makes it suitable for antibacterial treatment with a 14-day dosing interval in these species.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Tobramycin was the most effective aminoglycoside when used in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics." | ( In vitro activity of cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and carbenicillin, alone and in combination with aminoglycosides against Serratia marcescens. Bartlett, M; Crane, JK; Griffin, PS; Miller, MA; Yousuf, M, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " Azlocillin and mezlocillin combined with gentamicin, netilmicin, or amikacin were synergistic against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia, and indole-positive Proteus." | ( Synergy of azlocillin and mezlocillin combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics and cephalosporins. Fu, KP; Neu, HC, 1978) | 0.26 |
| "Mecillinam, a beta-amidinopenicillanic acid derivative, was combined with ampicillin, amoxicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefamandole, and cefoxitin and tested against most members of the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas." | ( Synergy of mecillinam, a beta-amidinopenicillanic acid derivative, combined with beta-lactam antibiotics. Neu, JC, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " Clavulanic acid at a concentration of 10 mg/l bound to PBP 2 by greater than 50% in all strains, and when combined with cefpirome, the density of PBP 2a was also reduced but not completely abolished." | ( Activity of cefpirome combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors and affinity for the penicillin-binding proteins of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Griggs, DJ; Piddock, LJ; Traynor, EA, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "207 clinical isolates from strains of patients from the University Children's Hospital of Kiel were investigated for their in vitro activity with the agar dilution method against flomoxef and cefazolin (alone and partially in combination with vancomycin)." | ( In vitro activity of flomoxef and cefazolin in combination with vancomycin. Simon, C; Simon, M, 1991) | 0.28 |
| "The in-vitro activity of cefpirome and ceftazidime when combined with aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin) in the presence and in the absence of rifampicin was evaluated against 32 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by two methods." | ( The effect of rifampicin on the in-vitro activity of cefpirome or ceftazidime in combination with aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Baltch, AL; Hammer, MC; Ritz, WJ; Smith, RP; Valdes, JM, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "Treatment of disseminated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in leukopenic mice was evaluated using cefpirome alone and in combination with gentamicin and/or rifampin." | ( Comparative therapy with cefpirome alone and in combination with rifampin and/or gentamicin against a disseminated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in leukopenic mice. Baltch, AL; Franke, M; Michelsen, P; Ritz, WJ; Singh, J; Smith, RP; Valdes, JM; Williams, S, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "Cefpirome, a so-called fourth-generation cephalosporin, was tested alone and in combination with the sulfone beta-lactamase inhibitor, tazobactam, against 63 members of the Bacteroides fragilis group." | ( Antimicrobial spectrum of cefpirome combined with tazobactam against the Bacteroides fragilis group. Barrett, MS; Croco, JL; Erwin, ME; Jones, RN; Novick, WJ, ) | 0.13 |
| "We studied the sensitivity of 160 strains of Bacteroides fragilis (74 beta-lactamase-positive and 86 beta-lactamase-negative) to four third-generation cephalosporins, alone as well as in combination with clavulanic acid and Sulbactam." | ( Increase in the activity of third-generation cephalosporins in combination with clavulanic acid and Sulbactam against Bacteroides fragilis. Castillo, AM; Gutierrez, J; Liebana, J; Martín, MA; Mesa, P; Piedrola, G, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " The patients received 24 courses of netilmicin (10 mg/kg/day) in combination with azlocillin (600 mg/kg/day), cefsulodin (200 mg/kg/day) or ceftazidime (150 mg/kg/day) for 9-14 days." | ( Serum and sputum concentrations of netilmicin in combination with acylureidopenicillin and cephalosporins in clinical treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis. Hjelte, L; Malmborg, AS; Strandvik, B, 1989) | 0.28 |
| "In vitro susceptibility studies of cefpirome versus cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, and piperacillin alone and in combination with tobramycin were performed against 153 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from four medical centers." | ( In vitro comparison of cefpirome and four other beta-lactam antibiotics alone and in combination with tobramycin against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bale, M; Cabezudo, I; Pfaller, M; Wenzel, R, ) | 0.13 |
| " A relatively high frequency of synergy was observed when cefpirome was combined with aminoglycosides against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria." | ( Beta-lactamase stability and antibacterial activity of cefpirome alone and in combination with other antibiotics. Bakhtiar, M; Selwyn, S, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " This study is a primary estimation of activity of cefpirome combined with other agents." | ( [In vitro antibacterial activity of cefpirome in combination with 4 aminoglycosides and 2 fluoroquinolones]. Bryskier, A; Croize, J; Le Noc, D; Le Noc, P, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "5 mg/l for ticarcillin combined with 4 and 8 mg/l of clavulanic acid respectively." | ( The activity of ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid against Bacteroides species: an in-vitro comparison with other antibiotics. Bébéar, C; de Barbeyrac, B; Quentin, C, 1986) | 0.27 |
| "Cefpiramide and cefoperazone alone and in combination with gentamicin were compared for therapeutic efficacy against pseudomonal infections in normal mice and in mice made neutropenic by administration of cyclophosphamide." | ( Therapeutic efficacy of cefpiramide and cefoperazone alone and in combination with gentamicin against pseudomonal infections in neutropenic mice. Fu, KP; Gregory, FJ; Hetzel, N; Hung, PP, 1986) | 0.27 |
| "The bactericidal activity of moxalactam, alone and in combination with gentamicin, was studied with macrobroth two-dimensional checkerboard and killing curve techniques against gentamicin-resistant and -susceptible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." | ( Bactericidal and synergistic activity of moxalactam alone and in combination with gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Edson, RS; Hermans, PE; Washington, JA; Yu, PK, 1983) | 0.27 |
| "The activities of moxalactam and cefotaxime, alone and combined with ampicillin or penicillin, against 40 isolates of group B streptococci were assessed by using the microtiter broth dilution, checkerboard, and time-kill techniques." | ( Activity of moxalactam and cefotaxime alone and in combination with ampicillin or penicillin against group B streptococci. Cherubin, CE; Corrado, ML; Landesman, SH; Sierra, MF, 1981) | 0.26 |
| "A broth dilution checkerboard synergy assay was used to assess the activity of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, moxalactam, and carbenicillin, in combination with tobramycin, against 38 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." | ( Comparative synergistic activity of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, moxalactam, and carbenicillin, combined with tobramycin, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Drew, WL; Mintz, L, 1981) | 0.26 |
| "The in-vitro activity of cefsulodin combined with sulbactam, cefoxitin or cefotaxime was investigated against 32 strains of beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides species." | ( Synergistic activity of cefsulodin combined with cefoxitin and sulbactam against Bacteroides species. Fu, KP; Kimble, EF; Konopka, EA; Zoganas, H, 1984) | 0.27 |
| "The in vitro bactericidal interactions of three new extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, ceftizoxime, or ceftazidime) in combination with gentamicin or amikacin were compared against 40 recent nosocomial bloodstream Enterobacteriaceae isolates by the timed-kill curve technique." | ( Enhanced in vitro bactericidal activity of amikacin or gentamicin combined with three new extended-spectrum cephalosporins against cephalothin-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Bayer, AS; Eisenstadt, R; Morrison, JO, 1984) | 0.27 |
| "A study on 42 surgical patients was carried out to find out whether cefuroxime may be substituted for gentamicin in combination with metronidazole in the treatment of peritonitis secondary to perforation of appendix." | ( Comparison of cefuroxime and gentamicin in combination with metronidazole in the treatment of peritonitis due to perforation of the appendix. Arvilommi, H; Saario, I; Silvola, H, 1983) | 0.27 |
| "The MIC and MBC activity of mezlocillin alone and in combination with two concentrations of ceftizoxime, moxalactam, and amikacin and a single concentration of cefoxitin was studied in a broth microdilution partial checkerboard against 472 strains of aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria." | ( In vitro activities of ureidopenicillins alone and in combination with amikacin and three cephalosporin antibiotics. Gerding, DN; Moody, JA; Peterson, LR, 1984) | 0.27 |
| "In vitro activity against 100 strains of Bacteroides fragilis of ticarcillin alone and combined with 4 or 8 mg of clavulanic acid was compared with those of cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, lamoxactam , ceftriaxone and metronidazole." | ( [Comparative bacteriostatic activity of ticarcillin, alone and combined with clavulanic acid, 5 cephalosporins and metronidazole against 100 strains of Bacteroides fragilis]. Bebear, C; de Barbeyrac, B; Quentin, C, 1984) | 0.27 |
| "We examined 100 clinically significant isolates of Serratia marcescens for susceptibility to newer cephalosporin and cephamycin antibiotics, alone and in combination with various aminoglycosides." | ( Comparative susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens to newer cephalosporins, alone and in combination with various aminoglycosides. Markowitz, SM; Sibilla, DJ, 1980) | 0.26 |
| "Ninety-four cases of pyelonephritis including 20 who had concurrent bacteremia were treated with cefamandole alone or in combination with either gentamicin or tobramycin." | ( Cefamandole alone and combined with gentamicin or tobramycin in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Gentry, LO; Martin, MD; Smythe, J; Wood, BA, 1980) | 0.26 |
| "We studied in vitro bactericidal effects of netilmicin combined with other antibiotics, comparing with that obtained with other aminoglycosides combinations." | ( [Antibacterial activity of netilmicin in combination with other antibiotics. Comparison with other aminoglycosides (author's transl)]. Chanal, M; Cluzel, M; Roussanne, MC; Sirot, D; Sirot, J, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " Data are also presented for cefotaxime 2 g every 8 h alone and in combination with ofloxacin." | ( Role of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the design of dosage schedules for 12-h cefotaxime alone and in combination with other antibiotics. Nix, DE; Schentag, JJ, ) | 0.13 |
| "17-bL in combination with C-Dox." | ( Regressions and cures of melanoma xenografts following treatment with monoclonal antibody beta-lactamase conjugates in combination with anticancer prodrugs. Hellström, I; Hellström, KE; Kerr, DE; Schreiber, GJ; Senter, PD; Svensson, HP; Vrudhula, VM, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " For this reason the anti-staphylococcal potency of the new drug, alone or in combination with other drugs was further characterized." | ( Antistaphylococcal activity of cefdinir, a new oral third-generation cephalosporin, alone and in combination with other antibiotics, at supra- and sub-MIC levels. Debbia, EA; Marchese, A; Pesce, A; Saverino, D; Schito, GC, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "Antibacterial drugs, such as quinolones, macrolides, rifampin, isoniazid, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, can interact with other drugs in a wide variety of clinically significant ways." | ( Drug interactions with antibacterial agents. Hansten, PD; Horn, JR, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "The bactericidal effects of ceftibuten in combination with netilmicin, isepamicin or ciprofloxacin against two strains of Escherichia coli and three of Klebsiella pneumoniae were studied by the killing curve method." | ( A statistical evaluation of the bactericidal effects of ceftibuten in combination with aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin. Carret, G; Flandrois, JP; Guérillot, F, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Despite the antipseudomonal advantage noted for ciprofloxacin monotherapy, it is unknown whether this advantage is maintained when the fluoroquinolones are used in combination with antipseudomonal beta-lactams such as ceftazidime and piperacillin." | ( Comparison of the bactericidal activities of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with ceftazidime and piperacillin against clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Klepser, ME; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Patel, KB; Quintiliani, R, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Therefore, the nephrotoxic effects and pharmacokinetics of VCM were examined in rabbits and compared with those in rabbits administered with VCM and other antibiotics." | ( [Nephrotoxicity and drug interaction of vancomycin (2)]. Nakagawa, Y; Toyoguchi, T, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro bactericidal activity of the new broad spectrum cephalosporins cefepime (FEP) and cefpirome (CPO) alone or in combination with amikacin (AKN), gentamicin (GTN) or ciprofloxacin (CIP) against Acinetobacter baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Enterobacter cloacae producing a derepressed cephalosporinase." | ( [Kinetics of bactericidal activity of cefepime and cefpirome alone or combined with gentamicin, amikacin or ciprofloxacin against Acinetobacter baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Enterobacter cloacae hyperproductive in cephalosporinase]. Elkhaïli, H; Jehl, F; Kamili, N; Linger, L; Monteil, H; Pompei, D, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " combined with aminoglycosides gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin and amikacin." | ( [Synergic effect of a teicoplanin and cefpirome combination with aminoglucosides on enterococci. Therapeutic importance]. Gutiérrez Fernández, J; Hoyos López, A; Piédrola Angulo, G, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "An agar dilution checkerboard method was used to evaluate the in vitro activity of omeprazole combined with clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and ceftibuten, respectively, against clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori." | ( In vitro activity of omeprazole in combination with several antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. Alarcón, T; Díaz de Rojas, F; Domingo, D; López-Brea, M; Sánchez, I, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "The in vitro activity of fosfomycin in combination with ceftazidime, imipenem, amikacin, or ciprofloxacin was studied by an agar plate checkerboard method against 40 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with various antibiotic resistance profiles." | ( In vitro activity of fosfomycin combined with ceftazidime, imipenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Quentin, C; Tessier, F, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " The 8 h SBTs for dosing schedule containing meropenem combined with amikacin were 1:4 and 1:16 after 30 min short infusion and continuous infusion respectively." | ( [In vivo pharmacokinetic of amikacin and its pharmacodynamic in combination with cefepime, cefpirome and meropenem in an in vitro/ex vivo micropig model]. Elkhaïli, H; Jehl, F; Levêque, D; Linger, L; Monteil, H; Niedergang, S; Peter, JD; Pompei, D; Salmon, J; Salmon, Y; Thierry, RC, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "The purpose of this study was to compare once daily (To24) and thrice daily (To8) tobramycin dosing regimens alone and in combination with ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem against a clinical and ATCC strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." | ( Once versus thrice daily tobramycin alone and in combination with ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Hoban, DJ; Kabani, A; Karlowsky, JA; Zelenitsky, SA; Zhanel, GG, ) | 0.13 |
| "17-bL in combination with CCM were ineffective." | ( Therapeutic effects of monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates in combination with a nitrogen mustard anticancer prodrug in models of human renal cell carcinoma. Berry, KK; Frank, IS; Senter, PD; Svensson, HP, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "The purpose of the present clinical studies was to determine the clinical efficacy of a combined parenteral and oral treatment with Bisolvon in combination with antibiotics in bovines suffering from acute respiratory disease." | ( [Treatment of acute respiratory tract diseases in cattle with Bisolvon in combination with either enrofloxacin, cefquinome, ceftiofur or florfenicol]. Hamel, U; Philipp, H; Quirke, JF; Schmidt, H, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "The present study examined the activities of trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, alone and in combination with cefoperazone, ceftazidime, cefpirome, and gentamicin, against 100 strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by the MIC determination method and by synergy testing of the combinations by the time-kill and checkerboard titration methods for 20 strains." | ( Activities of three quinolones, alone and in combination with extended-spectrum cephalosporins or gentamicin, against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Appelbaum, PC; Jacobs, MR; Visalli, MA, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "The susceptibility of a group of beta-lactamase-producing and drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms was tested against a novel cephalosporin (Ro 48-8391) alone and in combination with two bridged carbacephem beta-lactamase inhibitors (Ro 48-5545 or Ro 48-8724) and compared with that of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime (representative "third- and fourth-generation" cephalosporins), imipenem, and a combination of piperacillin and tazobactam." | ( Activity of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (Ro 48-8391) alone and in combination with two novel beta-lactamase inhibitors (Ro 48-5545 and Ro 48-8724). Jones, RN; Marshall, SA; Varnam, DJ, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "The antibacterial activities of human regimens of cefepime, ceftazidime, and imipenem alone or in combination with amikacin against an isogenic pair of Enterobacter cloacae strains (wild type and its corresponding derepressed cephalosporinase mutant) were compared by using our nonlethal model of pneumonia with 180 immunocompetent rats." | ( Efficacies of cefepime, ceftazidime, and imipenem alone or in combination with amikacin in rats with experimental pneumonia due to ceftazidime-susceptible or -resistant Enterobacter cloacae strains. Hidri, N; Jacolot, A; Leotard, S; Mimoz, O; Nordmann, P; Petitjean, O; Samii, K, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " These parameters were somewhat higher when ceftibuten was administered with ranitidine, but they were still within the ranges seen in normal healthy volunteers." | ( Pharmacokinetic drug interaction study: administration of ceftibuten concurrently with the antacid mylanta double- strength liquid or with ranitidine. Affrime, M; Cutler, D; Lin, CC; Nomeir, A; Radwanski, E, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "Cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, is currently one of the primary agents used in combination with an aminoglycoside when treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections." | ( Pharmacodynamics of intermittent- and continuous-infusion cefepime alone and in combination with once-daily tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vitro infection model. Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Onyeji, CO; Tessier, PR, ) | 0.13 |
| "5 degrees C received ceftazidime in combination with vancomycin (105 patients) or teicoplanin (69 patients)." | ( Ceftazidime in combination with glycopeptide antibiotic is an effective first-line therapy for patients undergoing high-dose therapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell support. Egerer, G; Ehrhard, I; Goldschmidt, H; Haas, R; Sonntag, HG; Streich, N, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "The killing activities of trovafloxacin alone and in combination with beta-lactam agents (extended-spectrum cephalosporins, meropenem), rifampin, or vancomycin were evaluated against 20 genotypically characterized Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates for which amoxicillin MICs were >/=4 microg/ml (cefotaxime MICs, >/=4 microg/ml for six strains) at concentrations clinically achievable in cerebrospinal fluid." | ( Killing activities of trovafloxacin alone and in combination with beta-lactam agents, rifampin, or vancomycin against Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with various susceptibilities to extended-spectrum cephalosporins at concentrations clinically achievab Bingen, E; Doit, C; Fitoussi, F; Geslin, P, 1999) | 0.3 |
| ", (iv) Q-D combined with either cefamandole or cefepime." | ( Quinupristin-dalfopristin combined with beta-lactams for treatment of experimental endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus constitutively resistant to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics. Entenza, JM; Féger, C; Glauser, MP; Moreillon, P; Vouillamoz, J, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "Although ciprofloxacin exhibits more intense microbiological activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than does trovafloxacin, the clinical relevance of this observation remains questionable, particularly when the agents are combined with another antipseudomonal agent." | ( Comparison of the bactericidal activity of trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin, alone and in combination with cefepime, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. McNabb, J; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R, ) | 0.13 |
| " aeruginosa, when a fluoroquinolone is combined with a beta-lactam, this is likely to be of little clinical significance." | ( Comparison of the bactericidal activity of trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin, alone and in combination with cefepime, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. McNabb, J; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R, ) | 0.13 |
| " The nephrotoxicity was enhanced by combination with furosemide." | ( [Nephrotoxicity of piperacillin combined with furosemide in rats]. Aramata, Y; Hori, R; Kizawa, K; Minami, S; Nozawa, I; Shimakura, M; Takahata, M, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "The in vitro activity of the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam combined with cefuroxime, cefotaxime or ceftazidime in the ratio of 1:1 was studied against ceftazidime- or cefuroxime-resistant Gram-negative rods and Staphylococcus aureus." | ( The in vitro activity of sulbactam combined with third generation cephalosporins against third generation cephalosporin-resistant bacteria. Li, JT; Zhang, YL, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "125 x MIC) combined with vancomycin (0." | ( In-vitro bactericidal activity of cefpirome and cefamandole in combination with glycopeptides against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bergeret, M; Raymond, J, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "Ceftazidime and amikacin were administered in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa rabbit endocarditis model using computer-controlled intravenous (iv) infusion pumps to simulate human serum concentrations for the following regimens: continuous (constant rate) infusion of 4, 6 or 8 g of ceftazidime over 24 h or intermittent dosing of 2 g every 8 h either alone or in combination with amikacin (15 mg/kg once daily)." | ( In vivo efficacy of continuous infusion versus intermittent dosing of ceftazidime alone or in combination with amikacin relative to human kinetic profiles in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa rabbit endocarditis model. Baron, D; Bugnon, D; Caillon, J; Dube, L; Kergueris, MF; Le Conte, P; Navas, D; Potel, G; Robaux, MA, 2001) | 0.31 |
| ") in combination with amikacin (15 mg/kg/o." | ( Comparison of cefepime and ceftazidime in combination with amikacin in the empirical treatment of high-risk patients with febrile neutropenia: a prospective, randomized, multicenter study. Akan, H; Akova, M; Cetinkaya, Y; Erman, M; Ferhanoğlu, B; Köksal, I; Korten, V; Unal, S; Uzun, O, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "The synergistic potential of levofloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin combined with aztreonam, ceftazidime, or piperacillin was compared using 24 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with varying susceptibility profiles." | ( In vitro synergy testing of levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin in combination with aztreonam, ceftazidime, or piperacillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Jung, R; Messick, CR; Pendland, SL, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "Using checkerboard and time-kill assays, the in-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with flomoxef against clinical Bacteroides fragilis strains was evaluated." | ( In-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin combined with flomoxef against Bacteroides fragilis, compared with that of ciprofloxacin combined with clindamycin. Harada, T; Ito, Y; Iwai, S; Iwanaga, H; Kato, K; Nakagawa, Y; Sato, T; Takayama, T, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "To study the in vitro interaction of gatifloxacin in combination with gentamicin and with the beta-lactams cefepime, meropenem and piperacillin against clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)." | ( In vitro activity of gatifloxacin alone and in combination with cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin and gentamicin against multidrug-resistant organisms. Dawis, MA; France, KA; Isenberg, HD; Jenkins, SG, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "This study tests the usefulness of ceftriaxone combined with ampicillin as an alternative to ampicillin plus gentamicin for the treatment of experimental endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecalis without high-level resistance to aminoglycosides." | ( Efficacy of ampicillin combined with ceftriaxone and gentamicin in the treatment of experimental endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecalis with no high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. Crespo, M; Gavaldá, J; Gómez, MT; Gomis, X; Len, O; Onrubia, PL; Pahissa, A; Ramírez, JL; Rodríguez, D; Ruíz, I, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " faecalis and were treated for 3 days with ampicillin 2 g every 4 h administered as 'human-like' (H-L) pharmacokinetics, plus gentamicin 1 mg/kg every 8 h H-L, or ceftriaxone 2 g every 12 h H-L alone or combined with gentamicin 6 mg/kg every 24 h administered subcutaneously." | ( Efficacy of ampicillin combined with ceftriaxone and gentamicin in the treatment of experimental endocarditis due to Enterococcus faecalis with no high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. Crespo, M; Gavaldá, J; Gómez, MT; Gomis, X; Len, O; Onrubia, PL; Pahissa, A; Ramírez, JL; Rodríguez, D; Ruíz, I, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "To investigate the phamacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities (SBAs) of trovafloxacin, cefepime and amikacin alone and trovafloxacin in combination with cefepime or amikacin, so that the most favorable combination with trovafloxacin can be determined." | ( Serum bactericidal activity of trovafloxacin, in combination with cefepime or amikacin, in healthy volunteers. Borner, K; Brodersen, B; Koeppe, P; Lode, H; Lubasch, A; Ziege, S, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " However, the maximal concentration of cefepime was significantly lower when it was used in combination with trovafloxacin." | ( Serum bactericidal activity of trovafloxacin, in combination with cefepime or amikacin, in healthy volunteers. Borner, K; Brodersen, B; Koeppe, P; Lode, H; Lubasch, A; Ziege, S, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " aeruginosa, the bactericidal activity of cepefime alone was higher than that of the combination with trovafloxacin." | ( Serum bactericidal activity of trovafloxacin, in combination with cefepime or amikacin, in healthy volunteers. Borner, K; Brodersen, B; Koeppe, P; Lode, H; Lubasch, A; Ziege, S, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "The bactericidal activity of moxifloxacin alone and in combination with cefepime or piperacillin-tazobactam against clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Acinetobacter baumannii was evaluated by using time-kill methods and antimicrobial concentrations of one-half and one times the MIC." | ( Synergistic activities of moxifloxacin combined with piperacillin-tazobactam or cefepime against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. Choi, MK; Fish, DN; Husain, M; Jung, R, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Human pharmacokinetic regimen simulations were as follows: cefepime, 2 g every 8 h (q8h) (C8) and 12 h (C12), continuous-infusion 2-g loading dose followed by 4 g alone or in combination with gentamicin and tobramycin (1." | ( Pharmacodynamics of cefepime alone and in combination with various antimicrobials against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model. Huang, V; Rybak, MJ, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro activity of cefepime combined with sulbactam against carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp." | ( In vitro activity of cefepime combined with sulbactam against clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. Chai, D; Li, Z; Pei, F; Tong, W; Wang, R, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of cefquinome in animal plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)." | ( Determination of cefquinome in pig plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Croubels, S; De Backer, P; Maes, A; Maes, D; Meyns, T; Sustronck, B, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Rifampicin combined with kaempferol or quercetin exhibited good beta-lactamase inhibitory effects (57." | ( The effects of antibiotics combined with natural polyphenols against clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Chin, YP; Hou, WC; Lee, MH; Lin, RD, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "The purpose of this study was to determine the activities of two antibacterial agents used in the treatment of bovine respiratory infections-tulathromycin, a macrolide, and ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin-alone, in combination with each other, and in combination with each of seven additional antibiotics (tilmicosin, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and penicillin G) against bovine Pasteurella multocida (n = 60) and Mannheimia haemolytica (n = 10) isolates for determination of synergy, antagonism, or indifference." | ( In vitro activities of tulathromycin and ceftiofur combined with other antimicrobial agents using bovine Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica isolates. Brumbaugh, GW; Sweeney, MT; Watts, JL, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "Levofloxacin and tobramycin, alone and in combination with cefepime, were investigated for their in vitro activities and post-antibiotic effects (PAEs) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa." | ( Post-antibiotic effect of levofloxacin and tobramycin alone or in combination with cefepime against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Otuk, G; Ozbek, B, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "ACHN-490 was tested alone and in combination with cefepime, doripenem, imipenem, or piperacillin-tazobactam in a synergy time-kill analysis against 25 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with different resistance phenotypes." | ( Activity of ACHN-490 tested alone and in combination with other agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appelbaum, PC; Armstrong, ES; Kosowska-Shick, K; Kubo, A; Lin, G; Pankuch, GA, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "CXA-101, a novel oxyimino-aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, CXA-201 (CXA-101 combined with tazobactam), and various comparators were susceptibility tested by broth microdilution methods against 1,301 well-characterized clinical strains collected worldwide, including ceftazidime-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)- and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacteroides fragilis." | ( Antimicrobial activity of CXA-101, a novel cephalosporin tested in combination with tazobactam against Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacteroides fragilis strains having various resistance phenotypes. Farrell, DJ; Jones, RN; Rhomberg, PR; Sader, HS, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Ceftaroline exhibits in vitro activity against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-, AmpC-, and KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae when combined with the novel β-lactamase inhibitor NXL104." | ( In vivo efficacy of a human-simulated regimen of ceftaroline combined with NXL104 against extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and non-ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Crandon, JL; Furtado, GH; Nicolau, DP; Williams, G; Wiskirchen, DE, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " In this evaluation, we examined organisms carrying defined β-lactamases and identified doses and schedules of NXL104 in combination with the new cephalosporin ceftaroline, which would maintain good bacterial cell kill and suppress resistance emergence for a clinically relevant period of 10 days in our hollow-fiber infection model." | ( Pharmacodynamics of β-lactamase inhibition by NXL104 in combination with ceftaroline: examining organisms with multiple types of β-lactamases. Brown, D; Castanheira, M; Critchley, I; Drusano, GL; Grasso, C; Jones, RN; Kulawy, R; Liu, W; Louie, A; Thye, D; Vanscoy, B; Williams, G, 2012) | 0.58 |
| ") administration of ceftiofur was used for five days in combination with flunixin for three days." | ( Treatment of dairy cows with PGF2α or NSAID, in combination with antibiotics, in cases of postpartum uterine inflammation. Jeremejeva, J; Kask, K; Orro, T; Waldmann, A, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "This study was conducted to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous doses of ceftaroline fosamil administered in combination with the novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam in healthy adults." | ( Single- and multiple-dose study to determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline fosamil in combination with avibactam in healthy subjects. Rank, D; Riccobene, TA; Su, SF, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Herein, we describe dose fractionation studies designed to determine the exposure measure most predictive of tazobactam efficacy in combination with ceftolozane and the magnitude of this measure necessary for efficacy in a PK-PD in vitro infection model." | ( Pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of tazobactam in combination with ceftolozane in an in vitro infection model. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Bulik, CC; Castanheira, M; Forrest, A; Friedrich, LV; Jones, RN; Mendes, RE; Nicasio, AM; Okusanya, OO; Steenbergen, JN; VanScoy, B, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "We recently investigated the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) of tazobactam in combination with ceftolozane against an isogenic CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli triplet set, genetically engineered to transcribe different levels of blaCTX-M-15." | ( Pharmacological basis of β-lactamase inhibitor therapeutics: tazobactam in combination with Ceftolozane. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Bulik, CC; Forrest, A; Friedrich, LV; Jones, RN; McCauley, J; Mendes, RE; Okusanya, OO; Steenbergen, JN; Vanscoy, B, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "The post-β-lactamase-inhibitor effect (PBLIE) of tazobactam combined with ceftolozane was evaluated by time-kill assays on two clinical Escherichia coli strains producing CTX-M-15 with or without TEM-1." | ( Post-β-lactamase-inhibitor effect of tazobactam in combination with ceftolozane on extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing strains. Jones, RN; Rhomberg, PR; Sader, HS, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The aim of the present study was to investigate the synergistic effect of curcumin-1 in combination with three antibiotics against five diarrhea causing bacteria." | ( In vitro synergistic effect of curcumin in combination with third generation cephalosporins against bacteria associated with infectious diarrhea. Jacob, J; Nambisan, B; Sasidharan, NK; Sreekala, SR, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "To investigate whether selected drug combinations used to treat rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) have drug-drug interactions that affect efficacy and to investigate each isolate's susceptibility to cefovecin and clofazimine, individually." | ( In vitro interaction of some drug combinations to inhibit rapidly growing mycobacteria isolates from cats and dogs and these isolates' susceptibility to cefovecin and clofazimine. Bennie, CJ; Govendir, M; Martin, PA; To, JL, ) | 0.13 |
| " When combined with a fixed amount of 4 mg/liter tazobactam (current CLSI concentration used for susceptibility testing), 90% of the isolates would have an MIC of ≤4 mg/liter." | ( In Vitro Activity of Ceftolozane Alone and in Combination with Tazobactam against Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Harboring Enterobacteriaceae. Melchers, MJ; Mouton, JW; van Mil, AC, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Recent reports have demonstrated that vancomycin (VAN) may lead to an increase in the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) when it is combined with antipseudomonal beta-lactams." | ( Nephrotoxicity during Vancomycin Therapy in Combination with Piperacillin-Tazobactam or Cefepime. Burgess, DR; Burgess, DS; Cox, JN; Martin, CA; Rutter, WC, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Avibactam, a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, has been combined with ceftaroline or ceftazidime but these two combinations have not been directly compared." | ( The pharmacodynamics of avibactam in combination with ceftaroline or ceftazidime against β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae studied in an in vitro model of infection. Bowker, K; MacGowan, A; Noel, A; Tomaselli, S, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " In time-kill analyses, at concentrations above the MICs, ceftiofur in combination with α-spinasterol exhibited time-dependency and concentration-dependency comparing to time dependency with ceftiofur alone." | ( A novel method for synthesis of α-spinasterol and its antibacterial activities in combination with ceftiofur. Cai, Y; Chen, H; Dong, Q; Li, Y; Rong, Q; Shi, F; Tang, H; Wang, T; Xu, M; Yang, X; Ye, G; Zhao, L; Zhou, J; Zhou, X, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients often receive prolonged courses of broad spectrum antibiotics, such as piperacillin-tazobactam or cefepime in combination with vancomycin and tobramycin." | ( Piperacillin-tazobactam versus cefepime incidence of acute kidney injury in combination with vancomycin and tobramycin in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. LeCleir, LK; Pettit, RS, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "AKI occurred in nearly 55% of patients with piperacillin-tazobactam therapy versus 13% of patients with cefepime therapy, which suggests cefepime may be preferred in combination with vancomycin and tobramycin for pediatric CF patients." | ( Piperacillin-tazobactam versus cefepime incidence of acute kidney injury in combination with vancomycin and tobramycin in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. LeCleir, LK; Pettit, RS, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The SBPI analysis showed that CAZ-AVI in combination with imipenem achieved higher SBPI values than other CAZ-AVI-based combinations." | ( In vitro interaction of ceftazidime-avibactam in combination with different antimicrobials against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. Ambretti, S; Campoli, C; Gaibani, P; Giannella, M; Landini, MP; Lewis, RE; Re, MC; Viale, P; Volpe, SL, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " To assist the clinical decision-making process regarding the selection of combination antibiotics and dosages for this pathogen, we performed time-kill studies assessing clinical free peak and trough C/T concentrations alone and in combination with eight anti-pseudomonal agents against four clinical MDR PSA isolates." | ( Antibacterial activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam alone and in combination with other antimicrobial agents against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Monogue, ML; Nicolau, DP, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "5 mg/L in combination with free peak and trough concentrations of clinical doses for cefepime, ciprofloxacin, colistin, aztreonam, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, fosfomycin and amikacin was tested for all isolates." | ( Antibacterial activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam alone and in combination with other antimicrobial agents against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Monogue, ML; Nicolau, DP, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "During an 18-months period, we prospectively evaluated the clinical impact of rapid bacterial identification by MALDI-TOF MS technology combined with an antimicrobial stewardship team (AST) intervention." | ( Clinical impact of rapid bacterial identification by MALDI-TOF MS combined with the bêta-LACTA™ test on early antibiotic adaptation by an antimicrobial stewardship team in bloodstream infections. Amzalag, J; Couzigou, C; Le Monnier, A; Mizrahi, A; Péan De Ponfilly, G; Pilmis, B, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The aim of this study was to assess in vivo drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of cefiderocol using probe substrates for these transporters." | ( Drug-drug interaction of cefiderocol, a siderophore cephalosporin, via human drug transporters. Hernandez-Illas, M; Katsube, T; Miyazaki, S; Narukawa, Y; Wajima, T, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "This study investigated the in vitro susceptibility of ceftobiprole and its potential synergistic activity in combination with other antimicrobials against 46 selected Gram-positive pathogens displaying resistance or decrease susceptibility to several drugs." | ( Bactericidal activity of ceftobiprole combined with different antibiotics against selected Gram-positive isolates. Bongiorno, D; Campanile, F; Mongelli, G; Stefani, S; Zanghì, G, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "gov Identifier: NCT02739997) to investigate the efficacy and safety of tazobactam/ceftolozane used in combination with metronidazole in Japanese patients with cIAI was conducted." | ( The efficacy and safety of tazobactam/ceftolozane in combination with metronidazole in Japanese patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections. Fujimoto, G; Fukuhara, T; Horiuchi, T; Mikamo, H; Miyasaka, Y; Monden, K; Rhee, EG; Shizuya, T; Yoshinari, T, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "To observe and analyze the effect of compound shuanghua tablets combined with western medicine on serum and secretion inflammatory factors in patients with acute secretory otitis media caused by swimming." | ( Compound shuanghua tablets combined with Western medicine on serum and secretion inflammatory factors in patients with acute secretory otitis media caused by swimming. Zhang, W, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " aeruginosa strains, alone and in combination with colistin." | ( Efficacy of ceftolozane/tazobactam, alone and in combination with colistin, against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vitro biofilm pharmacodynamic model. Ariza, J; Benavent, E; El Haj, C; Gómez-Junyent, J; Murillo, O; Rigo-Bonnin, R; Sierra, Y; Soldevila, L; Torrejón, B; Tubau, F, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Radical surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) serves as the mainstream therapeutic scheme for most CRC patients." | ( Alterations in intestinal microbiota of colorectal cancer patients receiving radical surgery combined with adjuvant CapeOx therapy. Gao, R; He, J; Huang, L; Kong, C; Li, H; Qin, H; Yan, X; You, J, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " This study evaluated in vitro antimicrobial synergy of ceftolozane/tazobactam in combination with aztreonam and fosfomycin against MDR PSA." | ( In vitro synergy of ceftolozane/tazobactam in combination with fosfomycin or aztreonam against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cayô, R; Cuba, GT; Gales, AC; Kiffer, CRV; Nicolau, DP; Nodari, CS; Pignatari, ACC; Rocha-Santos, G; Streling, AP, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "5 g q8h dose, respectively, in combination with 69 mg/L amikacin, corresponding to the free peak plasma concentration." | ( In vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam alone and in combination with amikacin against MDR/XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Greece. Adamou, P; Antoniadou, A; Damala, M; Deliolanis, I; Fountoulis, K; Galani, I; Galani, L; Giamarellou, H; Karaiskos, I; Karantani, I; Kirikou, H; Kodonaki, A; Maraki, S; Markopoulou, M; Papadogeorgaki, E; Papoutsaki, V; Petinaki, E; Prifti, E; Souli, M; Tsiplakou, S; Vagiakou, E, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " In combination with amikacin, a synergistic interaction at 24 h was observed against 85." | ( In vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam alone and in combination with amikacin against MDR/XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Greece. Adamou, P; Antoniadou, A; Damala, M; Deliolanis, I; Fountoulis, K; Galani, I; Galani, L; Giamarellou, H; Karaiskos, I; Karantani, I; Kirikou, H; Kodonaki, A; Maraki, S; Markopoulou, M; Papadogeorgaki, E; Papoutsaki, V; Petinaki, E; Prifti, E; Souli, M; Tsiplakou, S; Vagiakou, E, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " A cefepime human-simulated regimen (HSR) equivalent to a clinical dose of 2 g q8h as a 2 h infusion was given in combination with taniborbactam for 24 h." | ( In vivo pharmacodynamics of new-generation β-lactamase inhibitor taniborbactam (formerly VNRX-5133) in combination with cefepime against serine-β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria. Abdelraouf, K; Almarzoky Abuhussain, S; Nicolau, DP, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " We hypothesise that changes to gonorrhoea treatment guidelines combined with differences in country-level consumption of cephalosporins and quinolones contributed to this shift." | ( Gonorrhoea treatment combined with population-level general cephalosporin and quinolone consumption may select for Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance at the levels of NG-MAST genogroup: An ecological study in Europe. Abdelatti, S; De Baetselier, I; Kenyon, C; Laumen, J; Manoharan-Basil, SS; Unemo, M; Van Dijck, C, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Resistant isolates were tested against 16 conventional antibiotics alone and in combination with colistin." | ( Synergistic antibacterial effects of colistin in combination with aminoglycoside, carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, fosfomycin, and piperacillin on multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Chusri, S; Ontong, JC; Ozioma, NF; Voravuthikunchai, SP, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "This single-center study evaluated the efficacy and safety of tazobactam/ceftolozane (TAZ/CTLZ) in combination with metronidazole for intraabdominal infection in a hepato-biliary-pancreatic field in clinical practice." | ( Efficacy and safety of tazobactam/ceftolozane in combination with metronidazole for intraabdominal infection in a hepato-biliary-pancreatic field in clinical practice. Ishizawa, T; Kimura, K; Kinoshita, M; Kubo, S; Nishio, K; Ohira, G; Okada, T; Shinkawa, H; Shirai, D; Tanaka, S; Tani, N; Tauchi, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "This observational study demonstrated that TAZ/CTLZ in combination with metronidazole has a favorable effect without major drug-related adverse events for intraabdominal infection in the hepato-biliary-pancreatic field in clinical practice although the efficacy of TAZ/CTLZ may decrease in compromised patients." | ( Efficacy and safety of tazobactam/ceftolozane in combination with metronidazole for intraabdominal infection in a hepato-biliary-pancreatic field in clinical practice. Ishizawa, T; Kimura, K; Kinoshita, M; Kubo, S; Nishio, K; Ohira, G; Okada, T; Shinkawa, H; Shirai, D; Tanaka, S; Tani, N; Tauchi, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "To use a pre-clinical pharmacokinetic infection model to assess the antibacterial effect of ceftolozane/tazobactam alone or in combination with fosfomycin or tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with MICs at or higher than the clinical breakpoint (MIC ≥ 4 mg/L)." | ( Antibacterial effect of seven days exposure to ceftolozane-tazobactam as monotherapy and in combination with fosfomycin or tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with ceftolozane-tazobactam MICs at or above 4 mg/l in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. Albur, M; Attwood, M; Griffin, P; Macgowan, AP; Noel, AR, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Zinc in combination with aminoglycosides (kanamycin, gentamicin, and amikacin) reduced the expression of biofilm-related genes by 40-, 2602- and 20-folds, respectively, and by 2-folds in combination with ertapenem." | ( Modulating the transcriptomic profile of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm formation by antibiotics in combination with zinc sulfate. Badawy, MSEM; Elkhatib, WF; Shebl, RI, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Results revealed variable interaction patterns between different antibiotics in combination with zinc." | ( Modulating the transcriptomic profile of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm formation by antibiotics in combination with zinc sulfate. Badawy, MSEM; Elkhatib, WF; Shebl, RI, 2023) | 0.91 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "5 and 9, the absorption rate constants of ionized antibiotics were almost identical; but, at pH 4, the unionized species were highly absorbed, depending on their lipophilicity through the GI membrane lipoidal barrier." | ( GI absorption of beta-lactam antibiotics. III: Kinetic evidence for in situ absorption of ionized species of monobasic penicillins and cefazolin from the rat small intestine and structure-absorption rate relationships. Kubo, O; Miyamoto, E; Tsuji, A; Yamana, T, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " Smaller areas under the curve and absorption rate constants were observed for females after injection into each muscle group." | ( Sex differences in the intramuscular absorption and bioavailability of cephradine. Brannick, LJ; Neiss, ES; Sugerman, AA; Vukovich, RA, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " The bioavailability of intramuscularly administered cefoxitin is equivalent to that of intravenously administered cefoxitin and is 90% complete within 3-4 hr after the dose is given." | ( Pharmacokinetics and comparative pharmacology of cefoxitin and cephalosporins. Davies, RO; Holmes, GI; Martin, CM; Rogers, JD; Schrogie, JJ; Skeggs, H; Yeh, KC, ) | 0.13 |
| " The first 3 drugs were well absorbed after intramuscular administration, their maximum serum levels being achieved during the first hour." | ( [Pharmacokinetics of semisynthetic cephalosporins for parenteral use on surgical patients]. Iakovlev, VP; Klimova, VS; Marshak, AM, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " The studies showed that all the above cephalosporins were well absorbed into the blood after intramuscular administration." | ( [Comparative study of the distribution of semisynthetic cephalosporins in the body of rats]. Iakovlev, VP; Klimova, VS; Rudzit, EA, 1979) | 0.26 |
| "Kinetic parameters and bioavailability of cefadroxil were studied in 20 subjects with differing renal function as measured by endogenous creatinine clearance (CCr)." | ( Cefadroxil kinetics in patients with renal insufficiency. Blair, AD; Cutler, RE; Kelly, MR, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " The significant parameters of bioavailability of an orally administered substance were determined." | ( Comparative pharmacokinetics of cephalexin, cefaclor, cefadroxil, and CGP 9000. Koeppe, P; Lode, H; Stahlmann, R, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " No difference was observed in the overall bioavailability of the three antibiotics based on comparable FD/V values." | ( The pharmacokinetics of the oral cephalosporins cefaclor, cephradine and cephalexin. Dean, S; Kendall, MJ; Selen, A; Welling, PG; Wise, R, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " The sparingly soluble ester is shown to be well absorbed orally by mice, but only when administered in solution in a partially non-aqueous vehicle, 50% propylene glycol." | ( Orally active esters of cephalosporin antibiotics. II. Synthesis and biological properties of the acetoxymethyl ester of cefamandole. Finley, DR; Frogge, JA; Line, VD; Wheeler, WJ; Wright, WE, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " These parameters were subsequently used to determine the absorption rates and bioavailability of cephradine administered intramuscularly and orally." | ( Pharmacokinetic interpretation of cephradine levels in serum after intravenous and extravascular administration in humans. Bernardo, PD; Rattie, ES; Ravin, JJ, 1976) | 0.26 |
| "The bioavailability and therapeutic properties of BL-S 640 in rodents were compared with those of cephalothin, cephaloridine, and cefazolin after parenteral administration, and cephalexin after oral administration." | ( BL-S640, a cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity: bioavailability and therapeutic properties in rodents. Chisholm, DR; Deregis, RG; Leitner, F; Price, KE; Tsai, YH; Wright, GE, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " The bioavailability was calculated to be 100% for cefazolin and cephalothin." | ( Pharmacokinetic interpretation of blood levels and urinary excretion data for cefazolin and cephalothin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in humans. Rattie, ES; Ravin, LJ, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " Among the new esters synthesized, the 3'-azidomethyl cephem ester Ro 41-3399 (7k) presented an oral bioavailability superior to the corresponding pivaloyloxymethyl ester (9) in a rat model and was selected as a candidate for further evaluation." | ( Orally active 2-(alkyloxycarbonyl)-2-alkylideneethyl esters of cephalosporins. Angehrn, P; Charnas, R; Furlenmeier, A; Graser, T; Hubschwerlen, C; Montavon, M, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "The absolute bioavailability (F) and dose proportionality of cefprozil were investigated in a parallel design study with an embedded two-way crossover leg." | ( Oral absolute bioavailability and intravenous dose-proportionality of cefprozil in humans. Barbhaiya, RH; Campbell, DA; Pittman, KA; Shah, VR; Shyu, WC; Wilber, RB, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " The substance was well absorbed with a mean peak level of 19." | ( Pharmacokinetics of loracarbef and interaction with acetylcysteine. Boeckh, M; Deppermann, KM; Koeppe, P; Lode, H; Roller, S; Stelzer, I, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " The quantitative relationship between the bioavailability and the spacer length of cephalosporins (1a and 1k-p) is discussed." | ( [Orally active cephalosporins. I. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[2-(R)-amino-2-phenylacetamido]-3-(1H- 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)alkylthiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid and related compounds]. Kimura, Y; Kubota, T; Kume, M; Motokawa, K; Nakashimizu, H, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Ro 41-3399 bopentil was well absorbed in mice when administered by oral gavage and proved effective in several experimental bacterial infections." | ( Antibacterial properties of Ro 40-6890, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, and its novel orally absorbable ester, Ro 41-3399. Angehrn, P; Hohl, P; Hubschwerlen, C; Page, M; Then, R, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " HR 916 B is well absorbed following oral administration and efficiently converted to the antibacterially active form." | ( RU 29 246, the active compound of the cephalosporin prodrug-ester HR 916. III. Pharmacokinetic properties and antibacterial activity in vivo. Adam, F; Isert, D; Klesel, N; Limbert, M; Markus, A; Schrinner, E; Seibert, G, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "The effect of antacid on the bioavailability of cefprozil was investigated in a two-way crossover study." | ( Effect of antacid on the bioavailability of cefprozil. Barbhaiya, RH; Pittman, KA; Shyu, WC; Wilber, RB, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Comparable bioavailability is expected in children and adults." | ( The pharmacokinetics of new oral cephalosporins in children. Edwards, DJ; Stoeckel, K, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " In macrolide antibiotics, poor bioavailability after oral administration can lead to therapeutic failure." | ( [Antibiotics 1992: mechanism of resistance and its clinical relevance]. Desgrandchamps, D, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Bioavailability parameters (area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity, maximum concentration of the drug in serum, and urinary recovery) indicated an excellent absorption." | ( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of cefprozil and its impact on intestinal flora of volunteers. Borner, K; Koeppe, P; Lode, H; Müller, C; Nord, CE, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " RU 29 246 is a broad spectrum cephalosporin including in its activity both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens and therefore--depending on the bioavailability of its prodrug--looks promising as to its therapeutic perspective." | ( RU 29 246, the active compound of the cephalosporin-prodrug-ester HR 916. I. Antibacterial activity in vitro. Adam, F; Bauernfeind, A; Eberlein, E; Isert, D; Jungwirth, R; Klesel, N; Limbert, M; Markus, A; Schrinner, E; Seibert, G, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " The bioavailability of cefpirome in rats and dogs after both routes of administration was almost identical when calculated either by the AUC or the urinary recovery rates." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefpirome administered intravenously or intramuscularly to rats and dogs. Isert, D; Klesel, N; Limbert, M; Markus, A; Schrinner, E; Seibert, G, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "The absolute bioavailability of cefprozil, a new oral cephalosporin, in four beagles was evaluated." | ( Absolute bioavailability of cefprozil after oral administration in beagles. Barbhaiya, RH; Pittman, KA; Shyu, WC; Wang, L, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " The pharmacokinetic study in human indicated that cefprozil was well absorbed and the cis and trans isomers have similar pharmacokinetics." | ( Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of cefprozil diastereomers in a pharmacokinetic study. Barbhaiya, RH; Papp, EA; Shah, VR; Shukla, UA; Shyu, WC, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " However, these cephems were not well absorbed orally." | ( Synthesis and biological activity of novel 3-(2-propenyl)-cephalosporins. I. Kim, H; Kim, WJ; Ko, KY; Oh, J, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Ceftibuten is very well absorbed in young and old patients." | ( The pharmacokinetics of ceftibuten in humans. Affrime, M; Barr, WH; Lim, J; Lin, CC; Radwanski, E; Symchowicz, S, ) | 0.13 |
| " However, those compounds showed poor absorption rate after oral administration in rats." | ( [Studies on FK482 (Cefdinir). IV. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetamido]- 3-substituted cephalosporin derivatives]. Inamoto, Y; Kamimura, T; Sakane, K; Takaya, T, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " The best bioavailability was obtained with the dry suspension followed by the tablet and the syrup." | ( [Pharmacokinetics of cefixime in volunteers and a literature comparison with the new ester prodrug cephalosporins]. Kees, F; Naber, KG, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " More than 80% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine as unchanged cefepime, and absolute bioavailability after intramuscular dose was 100%." | ( Safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of cefepime administered intramuscularly to healthy subjects. Barbhaiya, RH; Knupp, CA; Martin, RR; Pittman, KA; Tenney, J; Weidler, DJ, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " This suggests that BMY-28100 is absorbed at a high absorption rate from the gastro-intestinal tract." | ( [Studies on the pharmacokinetics of BMY-28100 (I)]. Esumi, Y; Gunji, S; Ishikawa, H; Ishikawa, K; Jin, Y; Nakanomyo, H; Sonobe, J; Takaichi, M, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " The plots of the percentage of drug unabsorbed and the apparent rate of cefatrizine absorption as a function of time showed, first, a delay and, then, an almost constant rate of absorption with a tendency to move toward first-order kinetics at the end of the process." | ( Saturable rate of cefatrizine absorption after oral administration to humans. Couet, W; Fourtillan, JB; Guedes, JP; Reigner, BG; Tozer, TN, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "A randomized cross-over study comparing serum and urinary concentrations of cefuroxime after a 750 mg intravenous dose of cefuroxime and a 500 mg oral dose of cefuroxime axetil was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of the current marketed formulation of cefuroxime axetil." | ( Bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil: comparison of standard and abbreviated methods. Davey, PG; Lang, CC; Moreland, TA, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " However, the absorption rate of cefaclor is significantly reduced in the presence of food, while that of cefprozil remains unaltered." | ( Comparison of the effects of food on the pharmacokinetics of cefprozil and cefaclor. Barbhaiya, RH; Gleason, CR; Pittman, KA; Shukla, UA; Shyu, WC, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "The advances achieved in the field of oral cephalosporins consist of improved bioavailability and enhanced intrinsic activity of the compounds." | ( [Structure-activity relationship of oral cephalosporins]. Bingen, E; Lambert-Zechovsky, N, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " Quantitative analyses of the relationships between these properties and the oral bioavailability have been attempted." | ( Studies on orally active cephalosporin esters. IV. Effect of the C-3 substituent of cephalosporin on the gastrointestinal absorption in mice. Fujimoto, K; Hirota, T; Ide, J; Miyauchi, M, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " Most of cephalosporin analogs in this series had good antibacterial activities and were well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in mice." | ( Orally absorbable D-forphenicinol-cephalosporins. Hamada, M; Huang, SP; Ikeda, D; Kondo, S; Koyama, Y; Takeuchi, T, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " Its acetoxyethyl ester (BMY-28271) and pivaloyloxymethyl ester (BMY-28257) were well absorbed after oral administration to mice and rats." | ( In vitro and in vivo evaluations of a new broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin, BMY-28232, and its prodrug esters. Desiderio, JV; Fung-Tomc, J; Hirano, M; Kawaguchi, H; Kessler, RE; Masuyoshi, S; Oki, T; Tomatsu, K, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " A good correlation was found between the intestinal absorption rate and the initial uptake rate by brush-border membrane vesicles." | ( Intestinal absorption of cephalosporin antibiotics: correlation between intestinal absorption and brush-border membrane transport. Hori, R; Inui, K; Kato, M; Maegawa, H; Okano, T, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "Cefpiramide (SR 95445) (CPM) is a new cephalosporin with activity against Pseudomonas and a good bioavailability following parenteral administration." | ( [Beta-lactamase induction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by cefpiramide and 3 other antipyocyanic cephalosporins]. Combes, T; Drigues, P; Lanau, C; Roche, G; Salhi, A, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Bioavailability in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys was determined after oral or parenteral administration." | ( Oral absorption of cephalosporin antibiotics. 1. Synthesis, biological properties, and oral bioavailability of 7-(arylacetamido)-3-chloro cephalosporins in animals. Cooper, RD; Counter, FT; Draheim, SE; Eudaly, JA; Johnson, RJ; Kukolja, S; Ott, JL; Pfeil-Doyle, J; Quay, JF; Wright, WE, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " All of these agents are well absorbed after intramuscular injection and produce serum concentrations adequate to treat most infections." | ( Use of cephalosporins with enhanced anti-anaerobic activity for treatment and prevention of anaerobic and mixed infections. DiPiro, JT; May, JR, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " The bioavailability of the drugs was about 35 per cent of the administered dose." | ( Clinical pharmacokinetics of five oral cephalosporins in calves. Kurtz, B; Paz, R; Soback, S; Ziv, G, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " In a second study the absolute bioavailability of single 1,500-mg doses of a tablet formulation of the pivaloyloxymethylester of cefetamet was evaluated under conditions of fasting and after a standard breakfast." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefetamet (Ro 15-8074) and cefetamet pivoxil (Ro 15-8075) after intravenous and oral doses in humans. Brandt, R; Dubach, UC; Koup, JR; Stoeckel, K; Wyss, R, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " This study was designed to evaluate the dose proportionality of four different doses administered after a meal and to determine the absolute bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil administered with and without food." | ( Effect of dose and food on the bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil. Chubb, J; Finn, A; Meyer, M; Straughn, A, ) | 0.13 |
| " Recent work has led to the development of cefuroxime axetil (CXM-AX, SN407) which is the 1-acetoxyethyl ester of CXM is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and promptly cleaved to cefuroxime thereafter." | ( [Clinical studies on cefuroxime axetil in acute mastitis]. Hashimoto, I; Mikami, J; Nakamura, T; Sawada, Y, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " Their antibacterial properties were tested in vivo and in vitro also against beta-lactamase producer microorganisms; particularly the oral bioavailability of some of these new derivatives was studied." | ( Synthesis and antibacterial properties of 7-[2-(3-substituted-5-isoxazolyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]cep halospora nic acid derivatives. Albini, E; Carenzi, A; Chiarino, D; Della Bella, D; Napoletano, M; Sala, A, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " These results suggested that T-2588 was well absorbed and hardly crossed the blood-brain barrier and placenta." | ( [The autoradiographic studies on the distribution of 14C-labeled pivaloyloxymethyl (+)-(6R,7R)- 7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]- 3-[(5-methyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)methyl]-8-o xo-5-thia- 1-azabicyclo [4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate (14C- Hayakawa, H; Maeda, T; Matsutani, H; Nakashima, Y; Onoda, M; Saikawa, I; Sakai, H, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " The bioavailability of oral cephradine did not differ significantly during compared with after pregnancy." | ( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of cephradine and cefazolin in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Ehrnebo, M; Philipson, A; Stiernstedt, G, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " The bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil was significantly enhanced in children by the concomitant ingestion of cefuroxime axetil and infant formula or whole milk." | ( Pharmacokinetics and bactericidal activity of cefuroxime axetil. Ginsburg, CM; McCracken, GH; Olson, K; Petruska, M, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " However, the cephalosporin (2f) having methylthio group at the 3-position showed the highest absorption rate in rats." | ( Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. X. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(carboxymethoxyimino)acetamido] cephalosporin derivatives. Kamimura, T; Kawabata, K; Mine, Y; Miyai, K; Takasugi, H; Takaya, T; Yamanaka, H, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " The bioavailability of the drug was greater than or equal to 95% after IM injection." | ( Pharmacokinetics and body fluid and endometrial concentrations of cephapirin in mares. Brown, MP; Gronwall, RR; Houston, AE, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Bioavailability of FK027 after oral dosing was 38% in rats and 47% in dogs, as calculated from intravenous data." | ( Pharmacokinetics of FK027 in rats and dogs. Hirose, T; Mine, Y; Sakamoto, H, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Studies of the pharmacokinetics of the drug in volunteers gave inconsistent results suggesting that there may be variable bioavailability of the compound." | ( Oral cefuroxime axetil: clinical pharmacology and comparative dose studies in urinary tract infection. Adams, DH; Ball, AP; Farrell, ID; Fox, C; Wood, MJ, 1985) | 0.27 |
| "The oral bioavailability of cefatrizine was studied in four groups, each of ten healthy young male volunteers." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefatrizine after oral administration in human volunteers. Ghezzi, A; La Rosa, F; Mastrandrea, V; Ripa, S, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Even after large doses (500 mg/kg), CAA was not well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits." | ( Pharmacokinetic studies in animals and humans of a new cephalosporin, the sodium salt of 7-cyanacetamidocephalosporanic acid. Luscombe, DK; Nicholls, PJ; Owens, DR; Russell, AD, 1973) | 0.25 |
| " Cephalexin was well absorbed after oral administration." | ( In vitro antimicrobial activity and human pharmacology of cephalexin, a new orally absorbed cephalosporin C antibiotic. Johnson, WD; Kaye, D; Levison, ME; Thornhill, TS, 1969) | 0.47 |
| " Based on urinary excretion, cephradine appeared to be well absorbed after oral or subcutaneous administration; after rectal doses, cephradine was absorbed poorly." | ( Cephradine: absorption, excretion, and tissue distribution in animals of a new cephalosporin antibiotic. Arnow, P; Gadebusch, HH; Kripalani, K; Schreiber, EC; Weliky, I, 1974) | 0.25 |
| " The very high rate of absorption giving high serum levels and urine concentrations suggest cephalexin will be a useful antibiotic in susceptible bacterial infections in man." | ( Cephalexin: human studies of absorption and excretion of a new cephalosporin antibiotic. Dash, CH; Gower, PE, 1969) | 0.25 |
| "The present study was designed to investigate the effect of food and of a raised intragastric pH on the bioavailability of two prodrug beta-lactam, antibiotics, namely bacampicillin and cefuroxime axetil." | ( Influence of food and reduced gastric acidity on the bioavailability of bacampicillin and cefuroxime axetil. Moncrieff, J; Schoeman, HS; Sommers, DK; van Wyk, M, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " The bioavailability of ceftazidime may have been slightly reduced by delays in absorption." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in male and female volunteers. Ayrton, J; Harding, SM; Paton, AM; Sommers, DK; Van Wyk, M; Walters, L, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Relative absorption at the high dose would be sufficiently slow that an absorption "window" would be passed before maximum bioavailability could be attained." | ( Human intravenous pharmacokinetics and absolute oral bioavailability of cefatrizine. Gaver, RC; Pfeffer, M; Ximenez, J, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " The bioavailability as measured by urinary recovery of cefuroxime was 40 to 50% if the drug was taken after food and 30% if the drug was taken after overnight fasting." | ( Pharmacology of Cefuroxime as the 1-acetoxyethyl ester in volunteers. Ayrton, J; Harding, SM; Williams, PE, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Pharmacokinetics were studied in 8 volunteers (CAE versus ampicillin), relative bioavailability and tolerance were studied in 100 volunteers (CAE versus pivmecillinam and CAE versus pivampicillin), and tolerance alone was studied in 50 volunteers (CAE versus ampicillin)." | ( Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of cefuroxime axetil in volunteers during repeated dosing. Harding, SM; Sommers, DK; Van Wyk, M; Williams, PE, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " The augmented bioavailability of mezlocillin due to its simultaneous administration with a cefalosporin resulted in an increased antibacterial efficacy." | ( Kinetic in vitro studies of antibacterial effects of the combination of new penicillins and cefalosporins against Proteus vulgaris. Dalhoff, A; Gehl, AE; Lode, H, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " Daily oral administration of poorly absorbed cephalosporins protected hamsters from clindamycin-induced cecitis and death as long as the cephalosporins were continued." | ( Evaluation of eight cephalosporins in hamster colitis model. Ebright, JR; Fekety, R; Silva, J; Wilson, KH, 1981) | 0.26 |
| "The bioavailability of parental cefamandole, nafate, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated with respect to the effects of a lidocaine diluent on its tolerability and absorption after intramuscular administration." | ( Bioavailability and pain study of cefamandole nafate. Coonrod, JD; Foster, TS; Shrewsbury, RP, ) | 0.13 |
| " Compound 12A showed the most interesting activity in vitro and in vivo, primarily against Gram-positive organisms and was shown to be well absorbed orally." | ( Semisynthetic cephalosporins. III. Synthesis and structure activity relationships of novel orally active 7-[4-hydroxy-3-(substituted methyl)phenyl]-acetamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids. Braun, F; Erickson, RC; Karoly-Hafely, E; Nudelman, A; Patchornick, A, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " Both drugs were equally well absorbed from all of the tested formulations; identical percentages of the dose were recovered in the urine in all cases." | ( Pharmacokinetic comparison of cefroxadin (CGP 9000) and cephalexin by simultaneous administration to humans. Hirtz, JL; Humbert, G; Lecaillon, JB; Schoeller, JP; Vischer, W, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " The apparent first-order absorption rate constants for the free antibiotic fraction were determined in free solution, and in the presence of variable surfactant concentration in luminal fluid." | ( Experimental studies on the influence of surfactants on intestinal absorption of drugs. Cefadroxil as model drug and sodium lauryl sulfate as model surfactant: studies in rat duodenum. Bengochea, M; Casabó, VG; Fabra-Campos, S; Martín-Villodre, A; Martínez-Cámara, MJ; Sancho-Chust, V, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Unlike that of the nonester compounds, the bioavailability of the ester cephalosporins is increased when they are administered after food." | ( Comparative pharmacokinetics of the new oral cephalosporins. Borner, K; Fassbender, M; Koeppe, P; Lode, H; Schaberg, T, 1994) | 0.29 |
| "The bioavailability of cefpodoxime proxetil tablets relative to an oral solution of cefpodoxime proxetil in a sucrose/alcohol/citric acid vehicle was studied in 11 healthy volunteers in a randomized, crossover study." | ( The bioavailability of cefpodoxime proxetil tablets relative to an oral solution. Borin, MT; Forbes, KK; Hughes, GS, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that the molecule has an oral bioavailability higher than 90% of the administered dose (reaching peak serum concentrations of 5-19 mg/l after a single dose of 200 and 400 mg)." | ( Concentrations of ceftibuten in bronchial secretions. Arcidiacono, M; Cocuzza, C; Demartini, G; Fraschini, F; Scaglione, F; Triscari, F, ) | 0.13 |
| "The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of ceftibuten administered as an oral suspension were characterized by several studies in young healthy male adults (19 to 39 years old) and children ranging in age from 6 months to 17 years." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ceftibuten in children. Affrime, M; Barr, WH; Batra, V; Lin, CC, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " The nonlinear nature of these agents is reflected by decreasing maximal concentrations with escalating doses of cefixime and cefetamet pivoxil, decreasing area under the serum concentration-time curve with increasing doses for cefixime, and a reduced bioavailability with large doses of ceftibuten." | ( Clinical pharmacokinetics of newer cephalosporins. Klepser, ME; Marangos, MN; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Patel, KB; Quintiliani, R, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " The substituents of the carbamoyloxy group affected their in vitro activity and bioavailability after oral administration of their pivaloyloxymethyl esters at the C-4 position." | ( Studies on orally active cephalosporins. II. Synthesis and structure-activity relations of new [(E) or (Z) 3-substituted carbamoyloxy]-1-propenyl cephalosporins. Hiruma, R; Kamada, A; Katsu, K; Komatsu, Y; Negi, S; Sasho, M; Sugiyama, I; Tsukada, I; Tsuruoka, A; Yamanaka, M, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " These data are consistent with complete bioavailability for an oral beta-lactam antibiotic drug that is virtually completely eliminated unchanged by the kidney." | ( Pharmacokinetic disposition of loracarbef in healthy young men and women at steady state. Aoki, FY; Hoban, DJ; Sitar, DS, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " The absolute oral bioavailability of cefcanel was approximately 40% after administration of cefcanel daloxate hydrochloride and the extent of urinary excretion of cefcanel, mandelic acid glycine conjugate, and N-mandelyl-2-aminoethanol after an equimolar intravenous administration of cefcanel, were determined in a separate, similar group of volunteers (N = 12, group B)." | ( Disposition of oral [14C]cefcanel daloxate hydrochloride in healthy male subjects. Arvidsson, A; Edwall, B; Lake-Bakaar, D; Lanbeck-Vallén, K; Yisak, W, ) | 0.13 |
| " The bioavailability following im administration of 2000 mg was 100%." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefepime: a review. Santella, PJ; Van der Auwera, P, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Although the absolute bioavailability of ceftibuten in humans is not known, its relative bioavailability indicates that there is relatively rapid and complete absorption of the drug." | ( Ceftibuten pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Focus on paediatric use. Kearns, GL; Young, RA, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Pivaloyloxymethyl esters of selected compounds in this series were found to be well absorbed from small intestine in mice." | ( Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2- aminothiazol-4-yl)-3-(substituted)-2-propenoyl-amino]-3- desacetoxymethylcephalosporins. Hamashima, Y; Ishikura, K; Kubota, T; Minami, K; Motokawa, K; Nakashimizu, H; Yoshida, T, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Pivaloyloxymethyl esters of selected compounds in this series were found to be well absorbed from small intestine in mice." | ( Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2- aminothiazol-4-yl)-3-(substituted)-2-propenoylamino]-3-cephems with C-3 substitutions. Hamashima, Y; Ishikura, K; Kimura, Y; Kubota, T; Minami, K; Miwa, H; Motokawa, K; Nakashimizu, H; Yoshida, T, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " The bioavailability after intraperitoneal administration was 84%." | ( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of cefpirome in patients receiving hemodialysis and in patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Lameire, N; Lehr, KH; Malerczyk, V; Ringoir, S; Rosenkranz, B; Veys, N, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " The drug can be administered by intravenous or intramuscular injection, but is not well absorbed after oral administration." | ( Cefpirome clinical pharmacokinetics. Nix, DE; Strenkoski, LC, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " The quantitative relationship between the bioavailability and the spacer length of cephalosporins (1a-1n) is discussed." | ( Orally active cephalosporins. II. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetamido]-cephalospori ns with 1,2,3-triazole in C-3 side chain. Kimura, Y; Kubota, T; Kume, M; Motokawa, K; Nakano, M; Nakashimizu, H, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " The drug is well absorbed after oral administration and plasma concentrations achieved in patients are greater than the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations for most of the above bacteria." | ( Loracarbef: a new orally administered carbacephem antibiotic. Force, RW; Nahata, MC, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Pharmacokinetic studies in the elderly and in children indicate that the bioavailability of these agents is not influenced by age." | ( Pharmacokinetics of new oral cephalosporins, including a new carbacephem. Borner, K; Fassbender, M; Koeppe, P; Lode, H; Schaberg, T, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "Betalactams, mainly when orally administered, may lead to intestinal flora modifications related to their spectrum of activity, rate of absorption and degradation." | ( Betalactam therapy and intestinal flora. Cassetta, MI; Conti, S; Dei, R; Fallani, S; Mazzei, T; Novelli, A, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Finally, the bioavailability of CAZ (F(LTG) = 98." | ( The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in lactating and non-lactating cows. Buschiazzo, HO; Buschiazzo, PM; Quiroga, GH; Rubio, M; Rule, R, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "This study investigated the disposition and bioavailability of ceftazidime when it was given intraperitoneally." | ( Disposition and bioavailability of ceftazidime after intraperitoneal administration in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Bachelor, T; Bolton, WK; Cooper, M; de Souza, P; Koenig, K; Stea, S, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " The cefuroxime front the crystal form of ester is poorly absorbed and the concentrations of [II] after its application were similar to those observed after of the bigest particles of amorphous form both in vivo and in vitro." | ( Esters of cephalosporins. Part I. Permeability of cefuroxime liberated from its 1-acetoxyethyl ester through biological membranes; influence of the form and size of the ester particles. Gumułka, W; Interewicz, B; Oszczapowicz, I; Sasinowska-Motyl, M; Szelachowska, M; Wiśniewska, I, ) | 0.13 |
| "Physico-chemical and microbiological properties of three different forms (crystalline and two amorphous ones) of the 1-acetoxyethyl ester of cefuroxime and bioavailability after oral administration to rats have been investigated." | ( Esters of cephalosporins. Part II. Differences in the properties of various forms of the 1-acetoxyethyl ester of cefuroxime. Denys, A; Horoszewicz-Małafiej, A; Kuklewicz, C; Małafiej, E; Niedworok, J; Oszczapowicz, I; Sierańska, E; Szelachowska, M, ) | 0.13 |
| " Their serum half-life of 2 to 4 h is more than twice as long as that of older substances; however, their oral bioavailability is lower than that of older cephalosporins." | ( [Current antibiotics for clinical practice]. Zimmerli, W, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " This was considered attributable to the fact that the bioavailability of carnitine is as low as 16% when administered orally, which is considerably less compared to the 55% bioavailability of cefetamet pivoxil." | ( [Influence of multiple-dose administration of cefetamet pivoxil on blood and urinary concentrations of carnitine and effects of simultaneous administration of carnitine with cefetamet pivoxil]. Ishii, I; Kosuge, K; Nakashima, M; Ohtsubo, M, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefoperazone (CPZ) were studied following intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration of single doses (30 mg/kg) to horses." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in horses. Errecalde, JO; Mestorino, ON; Soraci, AL, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "The comparative bioavailability of ceftibuten, a new third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic given orally once daily, in capsule and suspension dosage forms, was assessed in healthy male subjects." | ( Comparative bioavailability of ceftibuten in capsule and suspension forms. Affrime, M; Cayen, MN; Colucci, R; Lim, J; Lin, CC; Radwanski, E, ) | 0.13 |
| " Parameters characterizing absorption of prodrug in free solution were obtained: maximum rate of absorption (Vmax) = 289." | ( Nonlinear intestinal absorption kinetics of cefuroxime axetil in rats. Casabo, VG; Merino, M; Nacher, A; Ruiz-Balaguer, N, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " It is active against virtually all common urinary pathogens, is well absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract, is well tolerated and safe." | ( [Non-comparative open study of the efficacy and tolerance of cefaclor in the prevention of urinary tract infections in children]. Danti, A; Materassi, M; Seracini, D, ) | 0.13 |
| " Thus, the addition of the SLS surfactant to the suspension did not alter the bioavailability of the formulation." | ( Bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil formulations. Donn, KH; James, NC; Powell, JR, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " The bioavailability of the two forms was different, the observed peak concentration and time-concentration curve values of the tablet form being, respectively, 39 and 27% higher than those of the granule form." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two oral forms of cefuroxime axetil. Chiche, D; Drugeon, HB; Garraffo, R, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " The overestimated plasma profile of propranolol suggests that the low bioavailability of propranolol is a result of first-pass metabolism by the intestine wall and the liver, because the calculated absolute absorption is almost perfect." | ( Prediction of the plasma concentration profiles of orally administered drugs in rats on the basis of gastrointestinal transit kinetics and absorbability. Haruta, S; Higaki, K; Kimura, T; Kurosaki, Y; Sawamoto, T, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Three clinically evaluated orally absorbed carbacephems were taken up by Caco-2 cells, consistent with their excellent bioavailability in humans." | ( Structure-activity relationship of carbacephalosporins and cephalosporins: antibacterial activity and interaction with the intestinal proton-dependent dipeptide transport carrier of Caco-2 cells. Berry, DM; Dantzig, AH; Duckworth, DC; Snyder, NJ; Spry, DO; Tabas, LB, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Bioavailability after intramuscular administration averaged 82% (range, 61 to 124%)." | ( Pharmacokinetics of intravenously and intramuscularly administered cefepime in infants and children. Blumer, JL; Knupp, CK; Reed, MD; Veazey, JM; Yamashita, TS, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Pharmacokinetic parameters of terminal elimination rate constant (beta(po)), oral mean residence time (MRTpo), mean absorption time (MAT), rate constant for oral absorption (Ka), bioavailability F, peak serum concentrations (Cmax) and time of peak concentration (tmax), were evaluated in a repeated measures analysis over dose." | ( The pharmacokinetics of cefadroxil over a range of oral doses and animal ages in the foal. Duffee, NE; Schaeffer, DJ; Stang, BE, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Such stereoselective differences in both absorption and/or hydrolysis may contribute to the observed oral bioavailability (30-50%) of cefuroxime in vivo." | ( Stereoselective absorption and hydrolysis of cefuroxime axetil diastereomers using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model. Barrett, MA; Hutt, AJ; Lansley, AB; Lawrence, MJ, ) | 0.13 |
| " It is concluded that (i) the Delta2 isomerization does not significantly affect the bioavailability of prodrug esters since enzymatic hydrolysis in the intestinal fluid proceeds mainly to the active Delta3-cephalosporin and (ii) the high degree of stereoselectivity of the enzymatic ester hydrolysis should make it possible to increase the bioavailabilities of certain prodrug esters (CAE, CPD) by using the more stable diasterioisomer." | ( Stability of cephalosporin prodrug esters in human intestinal juice: implications for oral bioavailability. Blouin, RA; Duchene, P; Hofheinz, W; Laneury, JP; Shedlofsky, S; Stoeckel, K, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " From the mixtures, R- and S-prodrugs were separated and their absolute configurations were determined, and also their bioavailability was investigated." | ( Synthesis and pharmacokinetic profile of 3-methoxymethyl cephalosporin prodrugs. Cho, KW; Jung, MH; Kim, YH; Park, JG, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " White the passive absorption rate constants (kf, h-1) determined in colon in the presence of increasing lauryl sulfate concentrations showed an asymptotic value about 7-fold higher than that of cefadroxil alone, only a 2-fold higher value was obtained in the presence of taurocholate at similar concentrations." | ( Experimental studies on the influence of surfactants on intestinal absorption of drugs. Cefadroxil as model drug and sodium taurocholate as natural model surfactant: studies in rat colon and in rat duodenum. Carmona-Ibáñez, G; del Val Bermejo-Sanz, M; Martín-Villodre, A; Rius-Alarcó, F, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Bioavailability parameters, maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve to infinity of ceftibuten were unaffected by treatment with antacid." | ( Pharmacokinetic drug interaction study: administration of ceftibuten concurrently with the antacid mylanta double- strength liquid or with ranitidine. Affrime, M; Cutler, D; Lin, CC; Nomeir, A; Radwanski, E, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " When given orally, bioavailability is greater than 99%, and the drug is highly concentrated in lung tissue and macrophages." | ( Levofloxacin in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia. File, TM, ) | 0.13 |
| " Two studies were designed to compare the intramuscular bioavailability of the current sodium salt and the new hydrochloride salt in pigs at doses of either 3 mg or 5 mg ceftiofur equivalents (CE)/kg body weight." | ( Comparison of plasma pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ceftiofur sodium and ceftiofur hydrochloride in pigs after a single intramuscular injection. Brown, SA; Callahan, JK; Hamlow, PJ; Hanson, BJ; Hubbard, VL; Kausche, FM; Mignot, A; Millérioux, L, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Among these prodrugs, pivaloyloxymethyl 7beta-[(Z)-2-(2-(S)-alanylaminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoa cetamido]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate hydrochloride (ceftizoxime alapivoxil, AS-924) was well absorbed after oral administration in experimental animals and showed potent therapeutic effects in mice infected with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria." | ( AS-924, a novel bifunctional prodrug of ceftizoxime. Hatano, S; Kakeya, N; Kasai, M; Kitagawa, M; Nishimura, K; Shirahase, H; Yoshimi, A, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " The bioavailability was found to be 77." | ( Pharmacokinetics of once daily intraperitoneal cefazolin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Gopalakrishna, K; Low, CL; Lye, WC, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "The oral bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil is enhanced by food." | ( Effect of two types of Indian breakfast on bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil. Adithan, C; Asad, M; Koumaravelou, K; Shashindran, CH; Topno, I; Vasu, S, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " The values of apparent absorption rate constant, lag-time, Tmax and t1/2 beta for the two regimens were not significantly different." | ( Effect of two types of Indian breakfast on bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil. Adithan, C; Asad, M; Koumaravelou, K; Shashindran, CH; Topno, I; Vasu, S, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "The administration of cefuroxime axetil with poori and dal-fry may enhance the bioavailability when compared with idly and chutney." | ( Effect of two types of Indian breakfast on bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil. Adithan, C; Asad, M; Koumaravelou, K; Shashindran, CH; Topno, I; Vasu, S, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " The systemic bioavailability of cefuroxime sodium in goats after intramuscular injections of 20 and 40 mg kg(-1)body weight was 88." | ( Pharmacokinetics and intramuscular bioavailability of cefuroxime sodium in goats. ABO EL-SOOUD, K; El-Banna, HA; Goudah, A; Hanafy, MS, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "05); absolute bioavailability of cefepime after the im dose, 82." | ( Review of the pharmacokinetics of cefepime in children. Blumer, JL; Knupp, C; Reed, MD, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "Cefepime displayed a linear pharmacokinetic profile, was well-absorbed via im injection and had adequate penetration into the CSF of patients with bacterial meningitis, compared with other beta-lactams." | ( Review of the pharmacokinetics of cefepime in children. Blumer, JL; Knupp, C; Reed, MD, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "06 h and the systemic bioavailability was 96." | ( Pharmacokinetics, intramuscular bioavailability and tissue residue profiles of ceftazidime in a rabbit model. Abd El-Aty, AM; Abo El Sooud, K; Goudah, A, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " This novel prodrug, produced by esterifying CTIZ with a lipophilic pivaloyloxymethyl (POM) group and introducing a water soluble L-alanyl group, is expected to increase the bioavailability and thereby, augment the antibacterial activity of CTIZ in vivo compared with existing prodrugs." | ( AS-924, a novel, orally active, bifunctional prodrug of ceftizoxime: physicochemical properties, oral absorption in animals, and antibacterial activity. Aoki, A; Hatano, S; Kasai, M; Kitagawa, M; Kodama, T; Mori, N; Nishijima, T; Nishimura, K; Sakai, A; Sugihara, T; Suzuki, T; Toriya, M; Yamaguchi, S; Yoshimi, A, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " First-order absorption rate pseudoconstants, k(ap) and effective permeability coefficients, P(eff), were calculated in each set." | ( Intestinal transport of cefuroxime axetil in rats: absorption and hydrolysis processes. Casabo, VG; Merino Sanjuan, M; Nacher, A; Ruiz-Balaguer, N, 2002) | 0.31 |
| ", KR-999001 and KR-999002, have been synthesized in an attempt to increase the oral bioavailability of this broad-spectrum antibiotic agent." | ( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral cephalosporins, KR-984055 and its prodrugs, KR-999001 and KR-999002, in the rat. Jung, MH; Kwon, KI; Park, YS; Woo, SK, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " In combination with once daily dosing and nearly complete bioavailability of some newer agents, the better risk to benefit ratios have led to empiric antibiotic use in many situations even when bacterial infections are not likely." | ( Separating fact from fiction: the data behind allergies and side effects caused by penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenem antibiotics. Leviton, I, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "Utilization of carrier-mediated transport systems in the gastrointestinal tract to increase the bioavailability of drugs is of great interest." | ( Enhanced intestinal absorption of drugs by activation of peptide transporter PEPT1 using proton-releasing polymer. Kobayashi, D; Kuruma, K; Nozawa, T; Tamai, I; Toyobuku, H; Tsuji, A, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Because of the obvious drawbacks of drug delivery by injection, the development of alternatives with enhanced oral bioavailability is receiving much attention in pharmaceutical research." | ( In-vitro and in-vivo studies of cefpirom using bile salts as absorption enhancers. Bretschneider, B; Härtl, A; Mrestani, Y; Neubert, RH, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "This randomized, six-treatment, six-period, six sequence, single dose, crossover pharmacokinetic study assessed the effect of different types of food on the bioavailability of 500-mg cefaclor extended release tablet in 23 healthy male volunteers." | ( Comparative effect of different types of food on the bioavailability of cefaclor extended release tablet. Ahmed, T; Karim, S; Khan, BA; Monif, T; Saha, N; Sharma, PL, ) | 0.13 |
| " This method was sensitive with excellent selectivity and reproducibility, and successfully applied to a bioavailability study of cefprozil in healthy subjects." | ( HPLC method for simultaneous determination of cefprozil diastereomers in human plasma. Jee, JP; Kim, CK; Kim, JK; Park, JS; Park, TH, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " The systemic bioavailability (F) after intramuscular administration of cefepime in calves was 95." | ( Disposition kinetics, bioavailability and renal clearance of cefepime in calves. Ismail, MM, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Bioavailability was 84." | ( Pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal cefepime in automated peritoneal dialysis. Bailie, GR; Elwell, RJ; Frye, RF, ) | 0.13 |
| " bioavailability was 19%." | ( Pharmacokinetics and i.m. bioavailability of ceftiofur in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Dumonceaux, G; Hunter, RP; Isaza, R; Koch, DE, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " By the antibacterial activity and bioavailability sodium furasidin is advantages among the nitrofurans." | ( [Results of the study on antibiotic resistance emergence among pathogens of community-acquired urinary tract infections in Moscow. Phase I]. Ivanov, DV; Sidorenko, SV, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "01) and a very low bioavailability (AUC=524+/-403 microg min/ml)." | ( Influence of absorption enhancers on the pharmacokinetic properties of non-oral beta-lactam-cefpirom using the rabbit (Chinchilla) in vivo model. Härtl, A; Mrestani, Y; Neubert, RH, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Absolute bioavailability was determined in a two-phase cross-over study in dogs receiving 8 mg/kg bodyweight (b." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefovecin in dogs. Blanchflower, S; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in a cross-over study after intravenous (i." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefovecin in cats. Blanchflower, S; Brown, SA; Coati, N; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " For "selective intestinal decontamination", poorly absorbed oral norfloxacin is the preferred schedule." | ( [Bacterial infections in liver cirrhosis]. Farkas, A; Papp, M; Tornai, I; Udvardy, M, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Since the presence of complexing ligand may affect the bioavailability of a drug in blood or tissues, therefore, in order to study the probable interaction of cephradine with antacids all the reaction conditions were simulated to natural environments." | ( Cephradine antacids interaction studies. Afzal, M; Arayne, MS; Sultana, N, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "This randomized open-label single-dose crossover pharmacokinetic study was carried out to assess the effect of different diets on the bioavailability of loracarbef in 24 healthy male volunteers." | ( The effect of four different types of diet on the bioavailability of loracarbef. Ahmed, T; Bapujee, AT; Monif, T; Saha, N; Sharma, PL; Singh, T, ) | 0.13 |
| "A study on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in piglets was conducted after intravenous (i." | ( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome in healthy piglets. Jiang, HY; Li, XB; Shen, JZ; Su, D; Wang, ZJ; Wu, WX, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Some oral cephem antibiotics have pivalic acid side chain to increase absorption rate at intestine." | ( Children's toxicology from bench to bed--Liver injury (1): Drug-induced metabolic disturbance--toxicity of 5-FU for pyrimidine metabolic disorders and pivalic acid for carnitine metabolism. Ito, T, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Very low bioavailability (2." | ( Microemulsion and mixed micelle for oral administration as new drug formulations for highly hydrophilic drugs. Behbood, L; Härtl, A; Mrestani, Y; Neubert, RH, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "The plasma concentration of matrine and bioavailability in combination group were significantly lower than those of the control group." | ( [Effect of ceftiofur hydrochloride on pharmacokinetics of matrine in rats]. He, X; Li, Z; Liao, D; Zhao, C; Zuo, H, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "To determine pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome administered IV, IM, or PO to healthy ducks." | ( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome in healthy ducks. Fang, B; Liu, Y; Luo, X; Sun, J; Sun, L; Wang, R; Yuan, L; Zhu, L, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "61 μg/mL, and absolute mean ± SD bioavailability was 93." | ( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome in healthy ducks. Fang, B; Liu, Y; Luo, X; Sun, J; Sun, L; Wang, R; Yuan, L; Zhu, L, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Results indicated that cefquinome was absorbed quickly and had excellent bioavailability after IM administration, but absorption after PO administration was poor." | ( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome in healthy ducks. Fang, B; Liu, Y; Luo, X; Sun, J; Sun, L; Wang, R; Yuan, L; Zhu, L, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " In cynomolgus macaques, cefovecin showed a similar subcutaneous bioavailability (82% compared with 100%) and volume of distribution (0." | ( Pharmacokinetics of Cefovecin in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Kelly, N; Papp, R; Popovic, A; Tschirret-Guth, R, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "Absolute bioavailability and dose proportionality studies were performed with ceftiofur in horses." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid sterile suspension in the equine. Boucher, JF; Brown, SA; Collard, WT; Cox, SR; Grover, GS; Hallberg, JW; Lesman, SP; Robinson, JA, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The object of this study was to compare the bioavailability of cefdinir capsule (reference) and cefdinir granule (test) containing 100 mg of cefdinir." | ( Bioequivalence evaluation of cefdinir in healthy fasting subjects. Chen, J; Jiang, B; Lou, H; Ruan, Z; Yu, L, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The pharmacokinetic parameters after IM administration were absorption half-life 0·07 ± 0·02 h, distribution half-life 0·58 ± 0·27 h, elimination half-life 1·35 ± 0·20 h, peak concentration 3·04 ± 0·71 µg/ml and bioavailability 95·81 ± 5·81%." | ( Pharmacokinetic analysis of cefquinome in healthy chickens. Du, S; Wang, T; Xie, W; Zhang, X, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "53 μg/mL and the bioavailability was 89." | ( Pharmacokinetics and ex-vivo pharmacodynamics of cefquinome against Klebsiella pneumonia in healthy dogs. Ding, H; Gu, M; Gu, X; Li, X; Li, Y; Shen, X; Zhang, B; Zhang, N, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The absorption rate constant (ka: hr(-1)) of CDTR-PI decreased with age, total clearance adjusted by bioavailability (CL/F: L/hr/kg) increased with increasing creatinine clearance adjusted by body weight (Ccr: mL/min/kg) and volume of distribution adjusted by bioavailability (Vd/F: L/kg) decreased with increasing body weight (WT: kg)." | ( Population pharmacokinetics of cefditoren pivoxil in non-infected adults. Matsumoto, K; Mitomi, N; Sato, N; Shibasaki, S; Shitara, Y, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The bioavailability was 143%, while half-life, C(max), and T(max) were 16." | ( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and subcutaneous cefovecin in alpacas. Cox, S; Doherty, T; Hamill, M; Hayes, J; Pistole, N; Seddighi, R; Sommardahl, C; Videla, R, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome in Beagle dogs were determined by intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) injection at a single dose of 2 mg/kg body weight (BW)." | ( Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and PK/PD relationship of cefquinome for Escherichia coli in Beagle dogs. Liu, YH; Peng, YB; Shi, W; Yang, X; Yu, Y; Zhao, DH; Zhou, YF, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Cefdinir (Cef) is an orally active Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class IV drug with incomplete absorption and low bioavailability (16-21%)." | ( Cefdinir nanosuspension for improved oral bioavailability by media milling technique: formulation, characterization and in vitro-in vivo evaluations. Patel, K; Patel, MH; Sawant, KK, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "OBJECTIVE To evaluate pharmacokinetics and bioavailability after administration of ceftiofur hydrochloride and ceftiofur sodium to water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)." | ( Comparative pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride and ceftiofur sodium after administration to water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Feng, X; He, J; Liang, L; Lu, C; Nie, H; Peng, J; Tang, S; Tiwari, RV, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " injection of ceftiofur, plasma concentrations were best described by a 1-compartment open model with a first order absorption; bioavailability was quite high (96." | ( Ceftiofur pharmacokinetics in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus after intracardiac and intramuscular administrations. Abdou, RH; Khalil, WF; Shaheen, HM, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Ceftiofur was well absorbed following SC and SC-LA administration, with absolute bioavailabilities (F) of 85." | ( Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and PK-PD integration of ceftiofur after a single intravenous, subcutaneous and subcutaneous-LA administration in lactating goats. Cárceles-García, C; Cárceles-Rodríguez, CM; Fernández-Varón, E; Serrano-Rodríguez, JM, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The oral bioavailability of CSDs was also evaluated in rats and compared with cefdinir powder suspension." | ( Cefdinir Solid Dispersion Composed of Hydrophilic Polymers with Enhanced Solubility, Dissolution, and Bioavailability in Rats. Cho, HJ; Cho, KH; Choi, HG; Jee, JP; Kang, JY; Maeng, HJ; Shin, DY, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Moreover, shifts in the use of agents with high bioavailability and those approved for high-dose regimens were observed." | ( Trends and patterns of national antimicrobial consumption in Japan from 2004 to 2016. Shibayama, K; Tsutsui, A; Yahara, K, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The objectives of this study were (a) to determine the absolute bioavailability of CEF crystalline-free acid (CFA) in healthy versus diseased cows; (b) to compare the plasma and interstitial fluid pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding of CEF between healthy dairy cows and those with disease; and (c) to determine the CEF residue profile in tissues of diseased cows." | ( Comparative plasma and interstitial fluid pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in cattle with induced coliform mastitis. Brick, TA; Coetzee, JF; Gorden, PJ; Griffith, RW; Kleinhenz, MD; Mochel, JP; Rajewski, SM; Sidhu, PK; Smith, JS; Wulf, LW; Ydstie, JA; Zhang, M, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Analysis of such drugs, whether used for the treatment of human or animal illness, is essential in understanding the bioavailability and therapeutic control which will ensure their activity and safety." | ( Review on the Characteristic, Properties and Analytical Methods of Cefquinomesulphate: ß-lactam Veterinary Drug. Shantier, SW, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " A bioavailability test was also conducted to observe the optimal rate of CF elution from the graft." | ( Ceftaroline fosamil laden allograft: A new modality in reducing infection? Haseeb, A; Ju, CTS; Sim, LH; Singh, VA, ) | 0.13 |
| " After IM administration of injectable cefquinome sulfate, bioavailability of the drug was higher in goslings (113." | ( Comparative pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intramuscular cefquinome sulfate administration in ducklings and goslings. Chen, H; Cheng, F; Cheng, P; Feng, T; Fu, G; He, X; Li, X; Tian, L; Wu, J; Zeng, Y; Zhang, Y; Zheng, L, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " The main objective of this work is to develop a new oily nanosuspension to improve bioavailability and stability of CS formulations." | ( Cefquinome Sulfate Oily Nanosuspension Designed for Improving its Bioavailability in the Treatment of Veterinary Infections. Chen, W; Chen, X; Chen, Y; He, X; Liu, C; Ma, S; Mao, Y; Shen, Y; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Yang, H; Zheng, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Moreover, a rapid release and high bioavailability of CS-NSP have also been verified in the study." | ( Cefquinome Sulfate Oily Nanosuspension Designed for Improving its Bioavailability in the Treatment of Veterinary Infections. Chen, W; Chen, X; Chen, Y; He, X; Liu, C; Ma, S; Mao, Y; Shen, Y; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Yang, H; Zheng, Y, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The potassium salt of furazidine in dosage form with magnesium carbonate is preferred, since it is characterized by higher bioavailability and provides a therapeutic level of concentrations in urine above the MIC during the entire dosing period." | ( [Rationale for choosing an antibiotic for the treatment of cystitis: recommendations of clinical pharmacologists: A review]. Suvorova, MP; Yakovlev, SV, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Furthermore, evaluation of the drug-likeness and ADMET properties of the three most promising leads revealed that they possess good oral bioavailability and excellent pharmacokinetic profiles." | ( Molecular docking simulation, drug-likeness assessment, and pharmacokinetic study of some cephalosporin analogues against a penicillin-binding protein of Salmonella typhimurium. Ameji, PJ; Shallangwa, GA; Uba, S; Uzairu, A, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Oral third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) are not recommended for use owing to their low bioavailability and the risk of emergence of resistant microorganisms with overuse." | ( Reduction strategies for inpatient oral third-generation cephalosporins at a cancer center: An interrupted time-series analysis. Akazawa, N; Ishibana, Y; Itoh, N; Kawabata, T; Kawamura, D; Kodama, EN; Murakami, H; Ohmagari, N, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " In fasting patients oral bioavailability is low and increases when the drug is taken with food." | ( Cefditoren: a clinical overview. Acquasanta, A; Flammini, S; Giuliano, S; Martini, L; Sbrana, F; Tascini, C, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Extracted parameters included bioavailability for oral drugs, volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (CL), trough and peak drug concentrations, time of maximum concentration, area under the curve and half-life, probability of target attainment, and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)." | ( The Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of Antimicrobial Drugs Throughout Pregnancy: Part III Non-penicillin and Non-cephalosporin Drugs. Groen, F; Hooge, MNL; Kosterink, JGW; Mian, P; Prins, JR; Touw, DJ; Winter, HLJ, 2023) | 0.91 |
The third generation cephalosporin cefovecin has an exceptionally long elimination half-life in dogs and cats, making it suitable for antibacterial treatment. Yield increases have been achieved by increasing the dosage of the biosynthetic genes cefEF and cefG.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "A simple and specific method for the quantitative determination of cephapirin, a cephalosporin antibacterial, in finished bulk and dosage forms is reported." | ( Spectrophotometric determination of cephapirin, a cephalosporin antibacterial. Bodnar, JE; Evans, WG; Mays, DL, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " Two dosage schedules of cefaclor (40 and 60 mg/kg/day) were evaluated in 95 infants with acute otitis media." | ( Treatment of acute otitis media of infancy with cefaclor. Clahsen, JC; Ginsburg, CM; Jackson, LH; Nelson, JD, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " The maximum dosage administered in other acute toxicity tests was well tolerated by mice (10 g/kg, subcutaneous), by rats (4 g/kg, intravenous, 5 g/kg, subcutaneous) and by cats, dogs and monkeys (2 g/kg, intramuscularly)." | ( Toxicological studies on cefuroxime sodium. Atkinson, RM; Capel-Edwards, K; Pratt, DA, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " Up to this time, amoxicillin has not been commercially available as an injectable dosage form." | ( Pneumococcal meningitis-therapeutic studies in mice. Hirth, RS; Price, KE; Tsai, YH; Williams, EB, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " When cefazolin, which was less irritating than cefamandole by the subconjunctival route, was given in a dosage of 100 mg, levels in ocular tissues were increased by twofold to fourfold and in aqueous humor by 15-fold, compared to the concentrations produced by the 12." | ( Intraocular levels of cefamandole compared with cefazolin after subconjunctival injection in rabbits. Barza, M; Baum, JL; Kane, A, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " There was a marked variation in incidence of abscess dependent upon the cephalosporin selected and the dosage tested." | ( Therapy for experimental intraabdominal sepsis: comparison of four cephalosporins with clindamycin plus gentamicin. Bartlett, JG; Gorbach, SL; Louie, TJ; Onderdonk, AB, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " However, cefazolin is administered in a lower dosage and somewhat less frequently." | ( Antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacology and therapeutic use of antibiotics. Part 3: cephalosporins. Barza, M; Miao, PV, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " The significance of this dosage schedule advantage is discussed." | ( Clinical comparison of cefadroxil, new oral cephalosporin, and cephalexin in uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Bolding, OT, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " These pharmacokinetic properties permit less frequent and more convenient dosage scheduling than cephalexin and cephradine and consequently greater patient compliance." | ( An overview of results of world-wide clinical trials with cefadroxil. Berman, E; Santella, PJ; Tanrisever, B, 1978) | 0.26 |
| "Two hundred and fifty patients were admitted to a prospective randomized trial of single dosage prophylaxis against wound infection after appendicectomy." | ( One-dose antibiotic prophylaxis against wound infection after appendicectomy: a randomized trial of clindamycin, cefazolin sodium and a placebo. Armistead, S; Donovan, IA; Ellis, D; Gatehouse, D; Grimley, R; Keighley, MR; Little, G; Strachan, CJ, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " Further studies demonstrated that significant blood and urine levels of 1 were not obtained after dosing 2a, 2b, and 2f orally at 17 mg/kg in mice." | ( Orally active esters of cephalosporin antibiotics. 3. Synthesis and biological properties of aminoacyloxymethyl esters of 7-[D(-)-mandelamido]-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. Howard, DP; Huffman, GW; Osborne, HE; Preston, DA; Wheeler, WJ; Wright, WE, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " Lower serum levels of antibiotics in pregnant women than in other individuals following the same dosage will be unsatisfactory as micr-organisms are less likely to be affected." | ( Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in pregnancy and labour. Philipson, A, ) | 0.13 |
| " Patients with acute urinary tract infections given 400 mg bacampicillin and patients with chronic infections given double that dosage showed equally good results." | ( Elimination of bacteria during antibacterial chemotherapy--a neglected parameter of chemotherapy. Helm, EB; Munk, I; Shah, PM; Stille, W, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " The results obtained confirm that, for cephalosporins, the dosage schedule should be adjusted taking into account the potency of the drug (MIC) and its rate of elimination." | ( [Correlation between antibacterial activity of some cephalosporins and pharmacokinetic properties "in vitro" (author's transl)]. de Carneri, I; Grasso, S; Meinardi, G; Tamassia, V, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " The protective effects of SCE-129 on Pseudomonas infection in mice varied according to the dosage schedule and the challenge dose." | ( SCE-129, antipseudomonal cephalosporin: in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities. Kondo, M; Nagatomo, H; Tsuchiya, K, 1978) | 0.26 |
| "A rapid and accurate quantitative determination of cephacetrile in finished bulk and dosage forms is reported." | ( High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cephacetrile. Bortesi, F; Di Bitetto, M; Grisanti, G; Mangia, A; Silingardi, S, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " The data suggest that little drug accumulation will occur with the usual 8- to 12-hr dosing schedule except when the CCr is less than 25 ml/min." | ( Cefadroxil kinetics in patients with renal insufficiency. Blair, AD; Cutler, RE; Kelly, MR, 1979) | 0.26 |
| "0% was obtained with the daily dosage of CS-1170 ranging mostly from 50 to 80 mg/kg in the total 25 cases including 7 cases of acute bronchitis (100%), 13 cases of bronchopneumonia (92." | ( [Fundamental and clinical studies on CS--1170 in pediatric field (author's transl)]. Chikaoka, H; Hirama, Y; Nakazawa, S; Narita, A; Niino, K; Oka, S; Sato, H, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " In our evaluation, daily dosage of 75 approximately 270 mg/kg (100 approximately 200 mg/kg in the majority of the cases) was divided into 4 doses, and administered intravenously by one-shot injection over a 10-minute period." | ( [Clinical evaluation of CS-1170 in pediatric field (author's transl)]. Fujii, R; Sawai, M, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " Three cases of biliary tract infections consisting of 2 cases of cholelithiasis and a case of carcinoma of bile duct were treated with 4 g/day dosage of CS-1170." | ( [Laboratory and clinical studies CS-1170 (author's transl)]. Asahina, N; Ebara, M; Kanno, H; Kikuchi, N; Kobayashi, A; Ohto, M; Suzuki, Y, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " Cefazolin in the previously described dosage is as effective as penicillin in the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia." | ( Cefazolin vs penicillin. Treatment of uncomplicated pneumococcal pneumonia. George, RB; Girard, WM; Jenkinson, SG; Light, RW, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " It is suggested that these antibiotics be administered according to a maximum milligram per kilogram per day dosage as is done in children." | ( Leukopenia due to penicillin and cephalosporin homologues. Gross, PA; Homayouni, H; Lynch, TJ; Setia, U, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " Dosage schedules could be suggested on the basis of these pharmacokinetic results." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefadroxil in normal subjects and in patients with renal insufficiency. Fillastre, JP; Godin, M; Humbert, G; Leroy, A, 1979) | 0.26 |
| "A polarographic method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of cephradine and its dosage forms." | ( DC polarography of cephradine and its application to capsules. Gonzalez, EM; Nuñez-Vergara, LJ; Squella, JA, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " This relationship was used to calculate the loading dose (LD), maintenance doses (D), and dosage intervals (tau) with regard to renal function." | ( Cefamandole pharmacokinetics and dosage adjustments in relation to renal function. Brogard, JM; Grudet, O; Kopferschmitt, J; Lavillaureix, J; Spach, MO, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " Total urinary recovery of antibiotic activity accounted for almost 90 percent of dosed cephradine and cephalexin compared to 55 percent of dosed cefaclor." | ( The pharmacokinetics of the oral cephalosporins cefaclor, cephradine and cephalexin. Dean, S; Kendall, MJ; Selen, A; Welling, PG; Wise, R, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " A dosage regimen of multiple doses is established as a function of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the antibiotic for patients with terminal renal impairment undergoing periodic sessions of hemodialysis." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefamandole in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Campillo, JA; Dominguez-Gil, A; Lanao, JM; Rubio, F; Tabernero, JM, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " The dosage was 80." | ( [Laboratory and clinical studies of cefamandole in children (author's transl)]. Futamura, J; Iwai, N; Miyazu, M; Osuga, T; Sasaki, A, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " The doses administered ranged 44 approximately 100 mg/kg body weight, and this dosage level was considered enough to achieve clinical effect." | ( [Pharmacokinetics and clinical results of cefuroxime (CXM) (author's transl)]. Anakura, M; Chou, K; Nagamatsu, K; Nanbu, H; Tachibana, K; Takimoto, M; Tanagawa, N; Yoshioka, H, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " The pharmacology of cefotaxime is similar to the pharmacology of other cephalosporin antibiotics, but the low inhibitory levels which it has against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria suggest that lower dosage regimens should be possible." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime. Aswapokee, P; Fu, KP; Ho, I; Matthijssen, C; Neu, HC, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " Most patients with diarrhoea had decreased renal function or received higher dosage of the antibodies than the other patients." | ( Local and Gastrointestinal reactions to intravenously administered cefoxitin and cefuroxime. Alestig, K; Norrby, R; Trollfors, B, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " 23% in 12 hours, indicating that there should be no need to modify the dosage regimen in renal failure." | ( [Pharmacokinetics of a new cephalosporin, cefoperazone]. Allaz, AF; Balant, L; Dayer, P; Fabre, J; Rudhardt, M, 1979) | 0.26 |
| " Pure compounds, complex mixtures of antibiotics in a variety of dosage forms and fermentation broths are routinely analyzed by the described procedures." | ( Reverse phase high speed liquid chromatography of antibiotics. II. Use of high efficiency small particle columns. Carroll, MA; White, ER; Zarembo, JE, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " All antibiotics were given via intravenous infusion in a dosage of 2 g prior to surgery." | ( Assays of cephalosporin antibiotics administered prophylactically in open heart surgery. Determination of serum and tissue levels before, during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Eigel, P; Knothe, H; Satter, P; Tschirkov, A, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " Adjustments in dosage were made when necessary to assure a peak serum bactericidal titer of at least 1:8." | ( Oral antibiotic therapy for skeletal infections of children. II. Therapy of osteomyelitis and suppurative arthritis. McCracken, GH; Nelson, JD; Tetzlaff, TR, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " Dosage varied between 1 and 2 g given intravenously every 6 hr." | ( Cefamandole in treatment of peritonitis. Geheber, CE; Guest, BS; Kolb, LD; Stone, HH, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " We present a dosage nomogram for calculating the appropriate adjustments to the loading dose based on patient weight and maintenence dose based on corrected creatinine clearance." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor and cephalexin: dosage nomograms for impaired renal function. Bolton, WK; Sande, MA; Spyker, DA; Thomas, BL, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " A dosage of 37 mg/kg administered intravenously at 6-h intervals provided a serum concentration in excess of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of common bacterial pathogens for 4 h, and in young infants for 5 h, after dosing." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefamandole in infants and children. Gahol, VP; Walker, SH, 1978) | 0.26 |
| " In addition, it was found that predictable blood levels of cephazolin could be obtained in patients with renal failure when dosage was regulated according to a nomogram calculated from the patient's serum half-life based on clearance of creatinine." | ( Cephazolin: a comparison to ampicillin in respiratory and urinary infections with dosage regulation by a nomogram. Benner, EJ; Bush, WG; Kranhold, JF, 1976) | 0.26 |
| "Cefazolin may be used in azotemic patients at reduced dosage as suggested by others." | ( Pharmacokinetics and hemodialyzability of cefazolin in uremic patients. Craig, CP; Rifkin, SI, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " Recommendations for dosage schedules for subjects with renal failure have been made." | ( The administration of cephradine to patients in renal failure. Briggs, JD; Solomon, AE, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " Our studies indicate that a dosage regimen of 1 g of cefamandole every 8 h in patients with normal renal function results in urine concentrations sufficiently high for treatment of most common urinary tract infections." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefamandole in patients with normal and impaired renal function. Madsen, PO; Mellin, HE; Welling, PG, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " On the basis of the obtained results, a dosage schedule adjusted to renal status was proposed." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in patients with renal failure; special reference to hemodialysis. Brandt, C; Brogard, JM; Lavillaureix, J; Pinget, M, 1977) | 0.26 |
| "Cefazolin levels were detected in bone and bone marrow of normal rabbits dosed intramuscularly, even in the absence of detectable levels in serum." | ( Distribution of sodium cefazolin in serum, muscle, bone marrow, and bone of normal rabbits. Actor, P; Pitkin, DH; Sachs, C; Zajac, I, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " By prolonging the duration of these high cefamandole levels, probenecid should permit the treatment of more serious clinical infections, including those due to relatively resistant organisms, or permit a reduction in either the dosage of cefamandole or the frequency of administration." | ( Effect of probenecid on the blood levels and urinary excretion of cefamandole. Black, HR; Brier, GL; Griffith, RS; Wolny, JD, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " in different dosages (1000, 2000, 3000 and 5000 mg/kg/day; dosage interval: 12 h) over a period of five days." | ( [Experimental studies on the renal tolerance of cefuroxime (author's transl)]. Kaiser, U; Sack, K; Züllich, B, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " Neither drug showed accumulation over the dosing period, and both were well tolerated." | ( Comparative pharmacology of cefaclor and cephalexin. Korzeniowski, OM; Sande, MA; Scheld, WM, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " From the dose-response curve of the serum levels of FR10612 in rats, it is apparent that the maximum oral absorption is obtained in the range of 100-400 mg/kg." | ( Enterohepatic circulation of a new oral cephalosporin, FR10612, and its effect on serum and tissue levels in rats. Murakawa, T; Nishida, M; Okada, N; Sakamoto, H; Yokota, Y, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " With the chosen dosage the concentrations of the antibiotic in the pericardial exudate are higher than the MIC values of most pathogen bacteria." | ( [Cephradine in open heart serugery. Concentrations of cephradine in pericardial exudate and serum after cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. Adam, D; Krebber, HJ; Raff, W; Voigt, I, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " The linear relationship between the elimination constant and creatinine clearance allowed the construction of a useful dosage modification nomogram." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor in normal subjects and patients with chronic renal failure. Bloch, R; Luft, FC; Sloan, RS; Szwed, JJ, 1977) | 0.26 |
| " In addition, dosing of the labeled antibiotic for 7 days caused no increase in tissue levels of radioactivity." | ( Metabolic fate of cephacetrile after parenteral administration in rats and rabbits. Fugono, T; Kanai, Y; Nakai, Y; Tanayama, S, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " These data constitute true dosage schemes adapted to the particular case of each patient according to his kidney function." | ( Cephacetrile--application of pharmacokinetic data to dosage determination. Brandt, C; Brogard, JM; Dorner, M; Lavillaureix, J, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " The results indicate that cephradine obeys dose-independent kinetics and that biological availability is complete from all dosage forms." | ( Pharmacokinetic interpretation of cephradine levels in serum after intravenous and extravascular administration in humans. Bernardo, PD; Rattie, ES; Ravin, JJ, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " Repeated dosing had no effect on the peak serum levels, half-life, serum clearance, or apparent volume of distribution with one exception: peak serum levels of cephapirin were significantly lower after the sixteenth than after the first dose." | ( Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefamandole, cephapirin, and cephalothin in healthy subjects and effect of repeated dosing. Barza, M; Berger, S; Ernst, EC; Melethil, S, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " No major change in dosage schedule is necessary for patients undergoing dialysis." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefamandole in the presence of renal failure in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Appel, GB; Goldberger, MJ; Jacob, GB; Neu, HC; Parry, MF, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " Except for benzathine penicillin, the efficacy of the currently recommended dosage schedules are documented only by Schroeter et al." | ( Treatment of primary syphilis. Elliott, WC, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " The cefadroxil dosage effective in this study is lower than that recommended for currently available oral cephalosporins, which must be given on a four times daily schedule." | ( Treatment of skin and soft tissue infections with cefadroxil, a new oral cephalosporin. Cordero, A, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " In a comparative evaluation of nine different cephalosporin antibiotics, not only the objective antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties are taken into consideration, but also the dosage recommendations of the manufacturers as subjective factors." | ( [Cephalosporin antibiotics from microbiologic viewpoint. A comparison of antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties]. Naumann, P, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " The various pharmacokinetic constants thus obtained can be used to calculate the maintenance doses, loading doses and dosage intervals adjusted according to creatinine clearances." | ( Dosage adjustments of cefazolin according to the pharmacokinetics of this new cephalosporin. Brogard, JM; Lavillaureix, J; Ledoux, F; Pinget, M, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " In addition to being simple and easy to control, the technique is rapid, convenient and precise and provides the basis for the direct analysis of pure compounds, stability samples, complex mixtures and dosage forms of all types." | ( Reverse phase high speed liquid chromatography of antibiotics. Bender, AD; Carroll, MA; White, ER; Zarembo, JE, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " The model is offered as a useful approach to predict dosage adjustment in uremic patients with drugs for which data are not available." | ( Prediction of drug dosage in patients with renal failure using data derived from normal subjects. Craig, WA; Kunin, CM; Welling, PG, 1975) | 0.25 |
| " If it is used a high dosage is necessary because the bone levels which we investigated were very low." | ( [Gentamicin in orthopedic surgery]. Krämer, J; Maassen, H; Rosin, H, 1975) | 0.25 |
| ", but the results suggest that dosage regimens should be the same for the two antibiotics." | ( Clinical pharmacology of cefamandole as compared with cephalothin. Engelking, ER; Fong, IW; Kirby, WM; Ralph, ED, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " No such abnormalities were evident after infusion of cefazolin or cephapirin at a maximal dosage of 200 mg/kg per day." | ( Influence of cephalosporin antibiotics on blood coagulation and platelet function. Alfrey, CP; Bradshaw, MW; Brown, CH; Natelson, EA; Williams, TW, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " A dosage schedule for patients with creatinine clearances of less than 5 ml." | ( The serum half-life and urine concentrations of cephazolin sodium in patients with terminal renal failure: effect of haemodialysis. Curtis, JR; Eastwood, JB; Gower, PE, 1976) | 0.26 |
| " The emergence of the newer antibiotic classes, including the second and third-generation cephalosporins and the fluoroquinolones, has provided the clinician with agents that offer a broad spectrum of activity, good patient acceptance, a well-tolerated safety profile, and convenient dosage regimens due to their unique pharmacokinetic profiles." | ( New considerations in treatment of urinary tract infections in adults. Faro, S, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " The magnitude of age-related changes in the pharmacokinetics of cefepime is not significant enough to recommend dosage adjustment in elderly patients with kidney functions normal for their age." | ( Effects of age and gender on pharmacokinetics of cefepime. Barbhaiya, RH; Knupp, CA; Pittman, KA, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Twenty-four healthy male subjects divided into 3 dosing groups received a single 250-, 500-, or 1000-mg dose of cefprozil by a 30-minute intravenous infusion." | ( Oral absolute bioavailability and intravenous dose-proportionality of cefprozil in humans. Barbhaiya, RH; Campbell, DA; Pittman, KA; Shah, VR; Shyu, WC; Wilber, RB, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " From the above results, it is concluded that the optimal dosage of CFPM is 2 g/day for chronic respiratory tract infections." | ( [Dose finding study of cefepime for chronic respiratory infections]. Fukuhara, H; Hiraga, Y; Irabu, Y; Nakayama, I; Ohmichi, M; Oizumi, K; Saito, A; Shigeno, Y; Watanabe, A, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " These dosages are expressed in terms of the ceftiofur free acid, and represent 1 to 5 times the proposed therapeutic dosage (2." | ( Safety of ceftiofur sodium administered intramuscularly in horses. Mahrt, CR, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "4 mg/kg of body weight, with 4 wk intervals between dosing regimens." | ( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of ceftiofur in serum, tissue chamber fluid and bronchial secretions from healthy beef-bred calves. Baker, JC; Halstead, SL; Hauptman, JG; Holland, RE; Stein, GE; Walker, RD, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "A new cephalosporin derivative antibacterial agent, DQ-2556, was administered intravenously to 4 healthy adult male volunteers at 2 grams per dosage 2 times a day for 5 days, and degrees of effects of drug concentrations on the fecal microflora were investigated." | ( [Effect of DQ-2556, a new cephalosporin derivative, on fecal microflora]. Chida, T; Hashimoto, S; Inagaki, Y; Nakaya, R, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Nearly 60% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine during the dosage interval." | ( Pharmacokinetics of loracarbef in pediatric patients. Koranyi, KI; Nahata, MC, ) | 0.13 |
| " Mean urinary peak concentrations of CFDN were observed during 2-4 hours after dosing in the before-meal group and during 6-8 hours in the after-meal group with values of 93." | ( [Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefdinir 10% fine granules in pediatrics]. Aramaki, M; Handa, S; Kawakami, A; Motohiro, T; Oda, K; Oki, S; Sasaki, H; Tsumura, N; Yamada, S; Yoshinaga, Y, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Rats dosed with 2,000 mg/kg CFPM through intravenous continuous infusion showed slightly decreased spontaneous physical activity." | ( [Cefepime (diHCl/L-arginine blend): intravenous continuous infusion and/or single dose subcutaneous toxicity study in rats and dogs]. Chikazawa, H; Funahashi, N; Ishikawa, K; Kadota, T; Kawano, S; Kondoh, H; Kuroyanagi, K; Sakakura, K; Shimizu, N; Takahashi, N, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Slightly depressed body weight gains were observed for high dose males during the latter part of the dosing period." | ( [Cefepime (BMY-28142 diHCl/L-arginine blend): one-month repeated dose subcutaneous toxicity study in rats]. Chikazawa, H; Hattori, N; Hiraiwa, E; Kadota, T; Kai, S; Kawano, S; Kohmura, H; Kondoh, H; Kuroyanagi, K; Sakakura, K, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Cefepime and amikacin can be coadministered to patients with normal renal function by using the standard recommended dosing regimens." | ( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between cefepime and amikacin in humans. Barbhaiya, RH; Knupp, CA; Pfeffer, M; Pittman, KA, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " These changes had disappeared wholly or partially 60 min after dosing commenced." | ( Nephrotoxicity of a new cephalosporin, DQ-2556, in rats. Akahane, K; Kato, M; Shimada, H; Takayama, S; Yoshida, M, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "Pharmacokinetic parameters of third generation cephalosporins vary widely, requiring different dosage regimens and adjustment methods for each agent." | ( Considerations in dosage selection for third generation cephalosporins. Nightingale, CH; Williams, TW; Yuk-Choi, JH, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Because of its efficacy and once-daily dosing regimen, cefprozil may be an alternative to currently available oral antibiotics in the treatment of UTIs." | ( Cefprozil versus cefaclor in the treatment of acute and uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Cefprozil Multicenter Study Group. Doyle, CA; Durham, SJ; Iravani, A; Wilber, RB, ) | 0.13 |
| " Dosage regimens based on the pharmacokinetic data have been suggested; however, their efficacy has not been formally documented." | ( Systemic absorption of intraperitoneal antimicrobials in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Mason, NA; O'Brien, MA, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Because renal impairment, but not hepatic dysfunction, significantly reduces the elimination of cefprozil, it is recommended that the dosage be reduced by 50% in patients whose creatinine clearance is less than 30 mL/min." | ( Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of cefprozil. Barriere, SL, 1992) | 0.28 |
| ", increased resistance to penicillin and erythromycin and inconvenient dosing schedules) have led to an adjustment in the kinds of antimicrobial agents prescribed for these diseases." | ( Clinical trials of cefprozil for treatment of skin and skin-structure infections: review. Nolen, TM, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Cefprozil was used in single-daily or twice-daily dosing regimens for treatment of infections of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, sinuses, middle ear, urinary tract, and skin and skin structure." | ( Safety profile of cefprozil. Conetta, BJ; DeGraw, SS; Doyle, CA; Durham, SJ; Leigh, A; Wilber, RB, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Because loracarbef is eliminated primarily by the kidney, dosage must be reduced in patients with moderate-to-severe renal insufficiency." | ( Pharmacokinetic profile of loracarbef. DeSante, KA; Zeckel, ML, 1992) | 0.28 |
| "Serum concentrations of cefepime (BMY-28142) were determined for four dosing regimes, 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg, given as single subcutaneous (SC) or intramuscular injections (IM) to dogs." | ( Serum concentrations of cefepime (BMY-28142), a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, in dogs. Brown, MP; Castro, L; Gronwall, RR; Stampley, AR; Stone, HW, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Agents with longer half lives allowing twice daily dosing (cefmetazole and cefotetan) were as effective and less expensive than multiple doses of short-acting agents." | ( Adjunctive antimicrobials in surgery of soft tissue infections: evaluation of cephalosporins and carbapenems. Hopkins, JA; Lami, JL; Wilson, SE, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Its antimicrobial spectrum and dosage formulation suggest a use for CFB in the treatment of otitis media and upper and lower respiratory and urinary tract infections in infants and children." | ( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of ceftibuten (SCH 39720) in infants and children. Ardite, M; Blumer, JL; Jacobs, RF; Kearns, GL; Reed, MD; Yogev, RD, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Based on the positive results of the comparative plasmatic levels, this dosage appears to be applicable to humans too." | ( Absorption of some cephalosporins by rectal route in rabbits. Bahia, MF, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " High plasma levels in proportion to dosage are seen with flomoxef, the transfer to various body fluids and tissue is good, and the half-life in the plasma is about 50 min." | ( The meaning of the development of flomoxef and clinical experience in Japan. Ishigami, T; Ito, M, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Two dose finding studies in patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency revealed that the dosage of flomoxef has to be reduced exactly according to the renal function." | ( Pharmacokinetics and hemostasis following administration of a new, injectable oxacephem (6315-S, flomoxef) in volunteers and in patients with renal insufficiency. Andrassy, K; Gorges, K; Hirauchi, K; Koderisch, J; Sonntag, H, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " As a conclusion, it is necessary to consider the adequate administration and dosage for patients with renal impairment to prevent side effects caused by the maintenance of cefpirome in serum over a long time." | ( [Pharmacokinetics of cefpirome (CPR) in patients with impaired renal function]. Ogata, Y; Saruta, T; Suzuki, H, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Dosing should be sufficient to cover the operative period." | ( Prophylaxis of postoperative infections. Condon, RE; Wittmann, DH, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " As estimates of pharmacodynamic activity, time below the MIC (T less than MIC) and percentage of the dosing interval below the MIC (% INT less than MIC) were calculated for individual isolates using total and unbound serum concentrations." | ( Evaluation of cephalosporins/cephamycins with antianaerobic activity by integrating microbiologic and pharmacokinetic properties. Del Bene, VE; Friedrich, LV; Kays, MB; White, RL, ) | 0.13 |
| " CPR was administered to 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, a patient with pneumonia, a patient with tonsillitis, 2 patients with acute pharyngitis and a patient with suppurative parotitis at daily dosage levels ranging 55." | ( [Clinical evaluation of cefpirome in children]. Higashi, H; Ito, S; Mayumi, M; Mikawa, H, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " Based on the efficacy results from this study, the lower gastrointestinal side effects and the convenience of twice-a-day dosing, we believe that cefprozil in a dosage of 30 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hours represents a potential alternative for the treatment of acute otitis media with effusion in children." | ( Comparative trial of cefprozil vs. amoxicillin clavulanate potassium in the treatment of children with acute otitis media with effusion. Arguedas, AG; Blumer, JL; Hains, CS; Stutman, HR; Zaleska, M, 1991) | 0.28 |
| "Although dosing schedules are still being worked out, ceftriaxone has been shown to be effective in both primary and secondary syphilis." | ( Use of third-generation cephalosporins. Spirochetes. Luft, B; Mariuz, P, 1991) | 0.28 |
| "9%), the vehicle, and 50, 200 or 800/400 mg/kg/d (the highest dosage had to be lowered after the first week due to acute drug intolerance)." | ( Chronic intravenous toxicity of the new antibiotic cefpirome in monkeys. Engelbart, K; Horstmann, G, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Because the rate of elimination from plasma in patients is slower, the dosage regimen of cefpiramide would probably be modified in cirrhosis." | ( Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of cefpiramide in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Amouretti, M; Begaud, B; Demotes-Mainard, F; Dumas, F; Kieffer, G; Necciari, J; Vinçon, G, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " These include automatic correction of dose and dosing intervals of antimicrobials and, if possible, their conversion by pharmacy to cost-effective alternative agents; daily review of patients who are taking the drugs by an antimicrobial team; and replacement of parenteral with oral agents as soon as possible." | ( Antimicrobials and therapeutic decision making: an historical perspective. Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " A reduction in dosage is recommended in patients with a creatinine clearance of 30 mL/min or less." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefprozil in healthy subjects and patients with renal impairment. Barbhaiya, RH; Matzke, GR; Pittman, KA; Shyu, WC; Wilber, RB, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " The clinical relevance of the PAE is probably most important when designing dosage regimens." | ( The postantibiotic effect: a review of in vitro and in vivo data. Harding, GK; Hoban, DJ; Zhanel, GG, 1991) | 0.28 |
| " In the 6-week-old rats dosed subcutaneously, vocalization, writhing and cutaneous changes at the injection site (dark reddening or blackening, swelling, exfoliation, depilation, induration) were also observed." | ( [Acute toxicity study of cefpirome sulfate in mice and rats]. Abe, S; Inazu, M; Kobayashi, T; Omosu, M; Oshima, K; Satoh, R; Wada, N, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Thus, dose-response between the 2 doses was observed in plasma levels and AUCs." | ( [Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefdinir 5% fine granules in pediatrics]. Aramaki, M; Handa, S; Kawakami, A; Koga, T; Motohiro, T; Oki, S; Shimada, Y; Tsumura, N; Yamada, S; Yoshinaga, Y, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " aureus over the dosing interval but that higher doses or more frequent administration may be necessary for some pseudomonal infections." | ( Pharmacodynamics of cefepime. Kovarik, J; Rozenberg-Arska, M; Verhoef, J; Visser, M, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " A dose-response curve was constructed for DQ-2556 inhibition of NMN transport in rat BBMV." | ( Effect of DQ-2556, a new cephalosporin, on organic ion transport in renal plasma membrane vesicles from the dog, rabbit and rat. Sokol, PP, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Such patients should have their dosage adjusted to minimize ceftazidime-induced renal impairment." | ( Cephalosporin-induced nephrotoxicity: does it exist? Zhanel, GG, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Correlation of pharmacologic properties with in vitro activity provides information as to reasonable dosage regimens for the third-generation cephalosporins." | ( Pathophysiologic basis for the use of third-generation cephalosporins. Neu, HC, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " We conclude that a twice daily dosing of cefepime would be adequate for most respiratory infections although an 8-hourly dose may be necessary in pseudomonal infections." | ( Cefepime concentrations in bronchial mucosa and serum following a single 2 gram intravenous dose. Andrews, JM; Ashby, JP; Baldwin, DR; Chadha, D; Honeybourne, D; Wise, R, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " It is now apparent that differences in body composition and organ function significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of antibacterial drugs in neonates, and dosage modifications are required to optimise antimicrobial therapy." | ( Clinical pharmacokinetics of antibacterial drugs in neonates. Nahata, MC; Paap, CM, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " In dogs, watery-mucous diarrhea observed at 2 to 3 hours after dosing in all dose groups was not dose-related." | ( [Single dose oral toxicity study of BMY-28100 in juvenile rats and dogs]. Chikazawa, H; Ishikawa, K; Kadota, T; Kai, S; Kawano, S; Kohmura, H; Kondoh, H; Kuroyanagi, K; Ohta, S; Takahashi, N, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Slightly depressed body weight gains were noted in the 750 and 1,500 mg/kg dose groups during early dosing period." | ( [Four-week repeated dose oral toxicity study of BMY-28100 in juvenile rats]. Chikazawa, H; Ishikawa, K; Kadota, T; Kai, S; Kawano, S; Kohmura, H; Kondoh, H; Kuroyanagi, K; Ohta, S; Takahashi, N, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Fetal tissue concentration of the drug reached a maximum at 6 hours after dosing on day 18 of gestation." | ( [Studies on the pharmacokinetics of BMY-28100 (II)]. Esumi, Y; Gunji, S; Ishikawa, H; Ishikawa, K; Jin, Y; Nakanomyo, H; Sonobe, J; Takaichi, M, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Despite large differences in protein binding of the antibiotics (range 12-88%) and antibiotic dosing to allow serum concentrations to drop below the respective MICs, there was no statistical difference in the mean EAs of the animals after bacterial challenge." | ( Relevance of protein binding to cephalosporin antimicrobial activity in vivo. Cheadle, WG; Hershman, MJ; Mays, B; Short, L, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " One preinfusion and 15 postinfusion serum samples and total urine output were collected over one dosing interval between days 3 and 8 of therapy." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefepime in patients with respiratory tract infections. Deenstra, M; Hart, HC; Hoepelman, IM; Kovarik, JM; Matzke, GR; Rademaker, CM; ter Maaten, JC; Verhoef, J, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " The urine recovery after oral dosage and urine bioavailability were 38." | ( Bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil: comparison of standard and abbreviated methods. Davey, PG; Lang, CC; Moreland, TA, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Before the study period, 42% of the cefuroxime orders were inappropriate with respect to dosage or indication at the time of the initial order; this rate fell to 26% during the study period and increased to 33% after the study period." | ( Pharmacist intervention in prescribing of cefuroxime for pediatric patients. Domaratzki, JL; Dupuis, LL; Strong, DK, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " These data suggest that infections caused by highly susceptible pathogens might respond to a twice daily dosing regimen and less susceptible pathogens might require a higher dose or more frequent administration." | ( Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of cefprozil. Andrews, JM; Nye, K; O'Neill, P; Wise, R, 1990) | 0.28 |
| "In designing the dosage form, one major factor controlling their physicochemical properties is solid forms of the drug powder." | ( [Solid-state stability and preformulation study of a new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotics (E1040)]. Ashizawa, K; Hattori, T; Ishibashi, Y; Miyake, Y; Sato, T; Uchikawa, K, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " pneumoniae, often for a longer duration than would be expected on the basis of conventional dosing regimens." | ( Crossover assessment of serum bactericidal activity and pharmacokinetics of five broad-spectrum cephalosporins in the elderly. Bailey, LC; Deeter, RG; Gross, JS; Swanson, KA; Weinstein, MP, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " If the therapeutic concept is maintained that levels of beta-lactam antibiotics in plasma should exceed the MIC for the offending organisms over a period that approximates the dosing interval, then cefprozil would appear to be suitable for twice-daily administration, whereas cefaclor should probably be administered three or even four times a day." | ( Phase I study of multiple-dose cefprozil and comparison with cefaclor. Barbhaiya, RH; Gleason, CR; Martin, RR; Pittman, KA; Shukla, UA; Shyu, WC; Wilber, RB, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Cefepime dosage should be reduced in proportion to the decline in creatinine clearance." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefepime in subjects with renal insufficiency. Barbhaiya, RH; Forgue, ST; Guay, DR; Knupp, CA; Matzke, GR; Pittman, KA, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " The duration and dosage of CPM, selected in the study, were both satisfactory for prevention of infection in open heart surgery." | ( [Prophylactic use of cefpiramide (CPM) in open heart surgery]. Fukuda, S; Iguro, Y; Koga, M; Morishita, Y; Moriyama, Y; Taira, A; Takenaka, K, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " The most important characteristics are: 1) bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibition during active multiplication; 2) wide spectrum of action, including Gram+ and Gram- bacteria and also penicillinase and beta-lactamase producers; 3) possibility of oral administration, quick assimilation and daily moderate dosage (500 mg/12 h)." | ( [Cephroxadine--a new antibiotic. Clinical experience]. Gherlone, EF, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " Each antimicrobial agent was diluted with sterile water for injection to a concentration representative of the most common dosage when administered via a portable infusion pump." | ( Stability of cefazolin sodium, cefoxitin sodium, ceftazidime, and penicillin G sodium in portable pump reservoirs. Allen, LV; Stiles, ML; Tu, YH, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " at a dosage of 20 mg/kg for 5 days." | ( Characterization of a soft-tissue infection model in the horse and its response to intravenous cephapirin administration. Beadle, RE; Clarke, CR; Corstvet, RE; Guthrie, AJ; McClure, JR; Nobles, DD; Pawlusiow, J; Short, CR, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " Therapeutic plasma levels (greater than 2 mg/l) were present for at least 8 h after the end of the infusion, suggesting that twice or three times daily dosing should be sufficient to treat infections due to susceptible organisms." | ( Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of cefepime. Andrews, JM; Nye, KJ; Shi, YG; Wise, R, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " The dose, dosing interval, and duration of therapy were varied, and the resulting antibiotic levels in serum and vegetations were correlated with bacterial clearance from vegetations." | ( The importance of pharmacodynamics in determining the dosing interval in therapy for experimental pseudomonas endocarditis in the rat. Ingerman, MJ; Levison, ME; Pitsakis, PG; Rosenberg, AF, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Therefore, sulbactam should predictably increase the antimicrobial spectrum and clinical effectiveness of cefoperazone against nosocomial and other pathogens such as the plasmid-containing enteric bacilli, Bacteroides species and Acinetobacter species, and possibly provide the opportunity to reduce dosage schedules for infecting species already susceptible to cefoperazone alone." | ( In vitro antimicrobial activity of cefoperazone-sulbactam combinations against 554 clinical isolates including a review and beta-lactamase studies. Barry, AL; Jones, RN; Thornsberry, C; Wilson, HW, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " The results are discussed in relation to in vivo dosage regimens." | ( Kill kinetics of the cephalosporin antibiotics cephalexin and cefuroxime against bacteria of veterinary importance. Brewster, G; Silley, P, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Dosing frequency and drug toxicity contribute to the overall cost of drug therapy." | ( Use of expanded spectrum cephalosporins for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections. Mercer, LJ, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "In continuation of our clinical observations on perioperative prophylaxis by application of Halospor and Gentamicin the dosage of Halospor has been reduced to 2 grams once only." | ( [Once again: the perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section]. Bellée, H; Fiedler, FB; Link, M, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "The pharmacokinetic profile of FK482 was studied in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs after oral dosing and compared with that of cefixime, cefaclor and cephalexin." | ( Pharmacokinetics of FK482, a new orally active cephalosporin, in animals. Hatano, K; Hirose, T; Kikuchi, H; Kuwahara, S; Mine, Y; Nakamoto, S; Sakamoto, H; Shibayama, F, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " This study suggests that a twice daily dosage may be sufficient to treat tissue infections with susceptible pathogens." | ( Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of cefpirome, a new cephalosporin. Andrews, JM; Ashby, JP; Hillman, G; Kavi, J; Wise, R, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " The primary route of elimination is renal, and each agent requires dosage adjustments in patients with renal impairment." | ( Use of cephalosporins with enhanced anti-anaerobic activity for treatment and prevention of anaerobic and mixed infections. DiPiro, JT; May, JR, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Changes in structure have also provided agents with extended half-lives, permitting twice a day dosing or single-dose prophylaxis." | ( Cephalosporin antibiotics: molecules that respond to different needs. Neu, HC, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "A comparison was made of cefatrizine in dosages of 75 mg/kg/day administered once daily or twice daily and erythromycin in a mean daily dosage of 50 mg/kg given in three divided doses for the treatment of acute infections of the ear, nose, and throat in children." | ( Comparison of cefatrizine and erythromycin for pediatric ear, nose, and throat infections. Ciampini, M; Cremonesi, G; Stura, M; Tarantino, V, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " Provisional oral dosage regimens were computed for each cephalosporin on the basis of the MIC data and the kinetic parameters derived from intravenous and oral drug administration." | ( Clinical pharmacokinetics of five oral cephalosporins in calves. Kurtz, B; Paz, R; Soback, S; Ziv, G, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " The establishment of the bactericidal activity of antimicrobials at dosing intervals may or may not prove to be more useful than traditional MIC data." | ( Controversies in susceptibility testing of anaerobes. Aldridge, KE, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " Recommended cephalosporin dosage regimens for the common urinary tract pathogens are given." | ( Cephalosporins in urinary tract infection. Gentry, LO, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " Tonsillar tissues were taken 2 h after dosing and blood samples before, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after the drug administration in 8 out of 20 enrolled patients." | ( Correlation between plasma and tonsillar levels of cefroxadine. Bichisao, E; Borghi, C; Fraschini, F; Montanari, M; Scaglione, F; Vago, F, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Liquid preparations accounted for 90% of the cases and solid dosage forms, the remainder." | ( The effects of penicillin and cephalosporin ingestions in children less than six years of age. Dean, BS; Krenzelok, EP; Lopez, G; Swanson-Biearman, B, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Unaffected dosed animals generally did not show these changes." | ( Cephalosporin-induced immune cytopenia in the dog: demonstration of erythrocyte-, neutrophil-, and platelet-associated IgG following treatment with cefazedone. Bloom, JC; Deldar, A; Lewis, HB; Sellers, TS; Thiem, PA, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " In these cases the daily dosage amounted to 41-119 mg/kg." | ( [The study of flomoxef in the pediatric field]. Mastumoto, K; Nakada, Y; Nakanishi, Y; Nakazawa, S; Narita, A; Niino, K; Sato, H; Suzuki, H, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " FMOX was administered to 3 patients with pneumonia, 8 patients with bronchopneumonia, 2 patients with tonsillitis, 2 patients with pyelonephritis, one patient each with cervical lymphadenitis, and pustulosis associated with severe varicella at daily dosage levels of 61." | ( [Clinical studies of flomoxef in the field of pediatrics]. Ito, S; Mayumi, M; Mikawa, H, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " Thus, a positive dose-response relationship was found among the 3 doses." | ( [Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of flomoxef in the pediatric field]. Aramaki, M; Fujimoto, T; Kawakami, A; Koga, T; Motohiro, T; Oda, K; Sakata, Y; Shimada, Y; Tanaka, K; Tomita, S, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " Cefpimizole was well tolerated locally and systemically by all the subjects at all administered dosage levels." | ( Tolerance and disposition of cefpimizole in normal human volunteers after intramuscular administration. Lakings, DB; Novak, E; Paxton, LM, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " However, further clinical studies are required to determine the duration, dosage and in-vivo activity of the antibiotics." | ( In-vitro susceptibility of Pseudomonas pseudomallei isolated in Malaysia to some new cephalosporins and a quinolone. Cheong, YM; Joseph, PG; Koay, AS, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " The dosage yielded too high plasma trimethoprim concentrations, while sulfamethoxazole dialysate concentrations were too low." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefradine, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and their metabolites in a patient with peritonitis undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Berden, JH; Hekster, YA; Martea, M; Voets, AJ; Vree, TB, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " Dosage reductions of these drugs may be appropriate in certain situations." | ( Therapeutic considerations in using combinations of newer beta-lactam antibiotics. Barriere, SL, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Although not all patients will develop bleeding problems associated with these agents, close monitoring of patients with risk factors for bleeding and dosage adjustments may help to avert these drug-induced hematological problems." | ( Hematological effects associated with beta-lactam use. Babiak, LM; Rybak, MJ, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Consequently, in patients with complicated disease states a dosage regimen should be based on pharmacokinetic studies performed in a similar patient group." | ( Influence of protein binding and severity of illness on renal elimination of four cephalosporin drugs in intensive-care patients. Baars, IM; Van Dalen, R; Vree, TB, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " The CZON was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 58." | ( [Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam in children]. Mayumi, M; Mikawa, H; Mochizuki, Y; Ohkubo, H; Yoshida, A, 1987) | 0.27 |
| "Analysis on serum concentrations of cefuzonam (CZON, L-105) in 7 children who received different doses of CZON revealed a dose-response relationship." | ( [Clinical studies of cefuzonam in the pediatric field]. Goto, Y; Kida, K; Matsuda, H; Murase, M, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " Assay results were evaluated by compartmental and noncompartmental methods to characterize pharmacokinetics for each species and dosage regimen." | ( Pharmacokinetics of the novel cephalosporin cefepime (BMY-28142) in rats and monkeys. Barbhaiya, RH; Forgue, ST; Gleason, CR; Pittman, KA; Shyu, WC, 1987) | 0.56 |
| " A general twice daily dosing will be recommended for the treatment of infections." | ( Dose linearity testing of intravenous cefpirome (HR 810), a novel cephalosporin derivate. Hajdú, P; Klesel, N; Maass, L; Malerczyk, V; Seeger, K; Verho, M, ) | 0.13 |
| ") no accumulation of the serum levels could be detected with this dosage regimen." | ( Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of intravenous cefpirome (HR 810), a novel cephalosporin derivative. Hajdú, P; Klesel, N; Maass, L; Malerczyk, V; Rangoonwala, R; Verho, M, ) | 0.13 |
| " Dosage levels per day were 50 to 80 mg/kg in most cases." | ( [Evaluation of cefuzonam in the pediatric field]. Chikaoka, H; Kamigaki, M; Koido, R; Matsumoto, K; Nakada, Y; Nakazawa, S; Narita, A; Sato, H; Suzuki, H, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " after injection, and mean values of 3 groups with 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg dosing were 57." | ( [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefuzoname in the pediatric field]. Fujimoto, T; Koga, T; Motohiro, T; Nakano, M; Nishiyama, T; Shimada, Y; Takajo, N; Tominaga, K; Tomita, S; Yamashita, F, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " References to indication and dosage of several chemotherapeutics are given on the basis of recent knowledge of liquor metabolism as well as clinical and experimental findings." | ( [Acute bacterial meningitis in adults--a therapeutic problem]. Bernasowski, A; Kunze, M, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " To control the development of aminoglycoside resistance in hospitals, it may be necessary to restrict the use of more than the one drug to which resistance is developing; to use the antibiotic at the right dosage and, when necessary, in a combination that may prevent the emergence of resistant organisms and plasmids; and to develop measures to control bacterial and R factor transmission." | ( Strategies in aminoglycoside use and impact upon resistance. Acar, JF; Bleriot, JP; Goldstein, FW; Menard, R, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Antibiotic concentrations in cornea and aqueous humor were measured for 4 hrs following dosing using bioassay and radioimmunoassay." | ( Effect of inflammation on antibiotic penetration into the anterior segment of the rat eye. Badenoch, PR; Coster, DJ; McDonald, PJ, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " dosing for 6 or 11 days." | ( Pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of cefpimizole in normal humans after intramuscular administration. Friis, JM; Lakings, DB; Lunan, CM; Novak, E; Paxton, LM, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " After an oral administration of (aminothiazole-2-14C) T-2588 to rats and mice, urinary excretion of radioactivity was about 26% and 35% of the dosed radioactivity in rats and mice, respectively, and fecal excretion was about 76% and 63% of the dosed radioactivity in rats and mice, respectively." | ( [Studies on absorption, distribution and excretion of 14C labeled pivaloyloxymethyl (+)-(6R,7R)- 7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]- 3-[(5-methyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia- 1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate (14C-T Hayakawa, H; Maeda, T; Matsutani, H; Nakashima, Y; Onoda, M; Saikawa, I; Sakai, H, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " Because longer dosing intervals require fewer daily doses, potential exists for overall cost reduction if pharmacy and nursing time can be effectively saved." | ( Is there cost reduction potential for extended half-life cephalosporins? Scalley, RD; Stuart, CC, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " It is concluded that the dosage of both cefazolin and cephradine should be increased when treating infections in pregnant women in order to obtain the same antibacterial effect as when treating non-pregnant women." | ( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of cephradine and cefazolin in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Ehrnebo, M; Philipson, A; Stiernstedt, G, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " Of course, overall expense for the hospitalized patient includes costs of tests for monitoring for toxicity as well as administration costs, which are affected by the dosing frequency." | ( Choosing antimicrobials. Factors to consider, available agents. Pankey, GA; Valainis, GT, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " The antibiotic dosage was calculated so that the serum level remained constant for a given period of time." | ( [Intraocular penetration of systemically administered cephalosporins under steady-state conditions in animal experiments]. Mendel, N; Mester, U; Völker, B, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Smaller doses, longer dosing intervals and, potentially, a reduction in total drug cost may be the real advantage of these agents." | ( Review of the new second-generation cephalosporins: cefonicid, ceforanide, and cefuroxime. Polk, RE; Tartaglione, TA, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " The third generation cephalosporins have been extensively studied under these conditions and recommendations for dosage modification in special circumstances are available for most of them." | ( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the third generation cephalosporins. Auckenthaler, R; Balant, L; Dayer, P, ) | 0.13 |
| " The availability of nontoxic antibiotics that are extremely active at low concentrations and of agents with markedly extended half-lives should cause us to reevaluate some of our current dosing practices." | ( Antimicrobial activity, bacterial resistance, and antimicrobial pharmacology. Is it possible to use new agents cost-effectively? Neu, HC, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Each mare was then given 4 consecutive IM injections of sodium cephapirin (400 mg/ml) at a dosage level of 20 mg/kg." | ( Pharmacokinetics and body fluid and endometrial concentrations of cephapirin in mares. Brown, MP; Gronwall, RR; Houston, AE, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " The estimation of the optimal scheme of cefuroxime dosing by the Krueger-Timer principles provided treatment of acute pyelonephritis in pregnant women with intramuscular injections of the antibiotic in a dose of 500 mg every 8 hours for 7-8 days." | ( [Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis]. Akhtamova, ZM; Dorokhov, VV; Khokholov, LE; Voropaeva, SD, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " The 24-hour urinary and biliary recovery rates of FK027 in rats after oral dosing with 100 mg/kg were 34." | ( Pharmacokinetics of FK027 in rats and dogs. Hirose, T; Mine, Y; Sakamoto, H, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " Generalizations are made about structure-activity relationships, relationships between kinetic features, minimal inhibitory concentrations, dosage regimens, and tissue penetration." | ( Pharmacokinetics of the third-generation cephalosporins. Harding, SM, 1985) | 0.27 |
| " These serum concentrations could be achieved only by starting with a regimen of 5 mg/kg/day in three divided doses in all adult patients, subsequent dosage being determined by the results of rapid serum assay." | ( Experience in monitoring gentamicin therapy during treatment of serious gram-negative sepsis. Garfield-Davies, D; Hughes, K; Noone, P; Parsons, TM; Pattison, JR; Slack, RC, 1974) | 0.25 |
| " The patient's primary physician determined the indications for treatment, and the dosage was uniform for each route of administration." | ( Double-blind comparison of cephacetrile with cephalothin-cephaloridine. Daood, M; Jackson, GG; Riff, LJ; Youssuf, M; Zimelis, VM, 1974) | 0.25 |
| " Significant responses were observed only in rats, in which grossly enlarged, but histologically normal, ceca developed, a common finding in rodents dosed with antibiotics; in addition, there were increases in the relative and absolute weights of the adrenal glands." | ( Toxicological, pathological, and teratological studies in animals with cephradine. Bernal, E; DeBaecke, PJ; Hassert, GL; Kulesza, JS; Sinha, DP; Traina, VM, 1973) | 0.25 |
| " A study has been made of serum, mixed and parotid salivary levels attained in normal volunteers following oral dosage of 500 mg phenoxymethylpenicillin tablets, 500 mg crushed phenoxymethylpenicillin tablets in capsules, 500 mg ampicillin, 500 mg cloxacillin and 500 mg cephalexin." | ( Comparison of human serum, parotid and mixed saliva levels of phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin and cephalexin. Speirs, CF; Stenhouse, D; Stephen, KW; Wallace, ET, 1971) | 0.25 |
| " All volunteers were dosed with both bacampicillin and cefuroxime axetil under the above regimens." | ( Influence of food and reduced gastric acidity on the bioavailability of bacampicillin and cefuroxime axetil. Moncrieff, J; Schoeman, HS; Sommers, DK; van Wyk, M, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " All of the restrictions resulted in a decrease in the number of dosage units dispensed; however, the required countersignature by the chief of staff and deletion from the formulary were the most effective in restricting drug use." | ( Influencing drug use through prescribing restrictions. Huber, SL; Hudson, HD; Patry, RA, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " These zone standards are still tentative since the dosage schedule has not yet been defined and sufficient clinical experience has not yet been gathered to support the validity of these MIC breakpoints." | ( Cefsulodin: antibacterial activity and tentative interpretive zone standards for the disk susceptibility test. Barry, AL; Jones, RN; Thornsberry, C, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Moxalactam disodium, at a dosage of 9 g/day, may be useful for serious Pseudomonas ear infections, including those refractory to other antibiotic therapy." | ( Moxalactam therapy. Its use in chronic suppurative otitis media and malignant external otitis. Caparosa, R; Haverkos, HW; Kamerer, D; Yu, VL, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " These data indicate that this dosage of moxalactam is a safe and effective treatment for bacterial infections outside the central nervous system." | ( Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of parenteral moxalactam in infants and children. Feldman, WE; Hollins, M; Keyserling, H; Manning, N; Moffitt, S, 1982) | 0.26 |
| "Twenty-patients (14 with mechanical ventilation) received moxalactam in an intensive care unit for pneumonia (3 cases), empyema (5 cases), bronchopneumonia (8 cases), bronchopneumonia with bacteremia (4 cases), 23 organism were isolated and 16 were hospital-acquired: Staphylococcus (3), Escherichia coli (1), Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia (5), Proteus (3), Aeruginosa (2), Acinetobacter (2), These patients received moxalactam at the dosage of 500 mg/8H, 5 at 1 g/12H and 13 at 1 g/8H." | ( [Use of moxalactam in intensive care units: clinical and bacteriological results related to serum and bronchial concentrations ]. Beaucaire, G; Caillaux, M; Deboscker, Y; Fourrier, A; Mouton, Y, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " The pharmacokinetics parameters of moxalactam when administered intravenously or intramuscularly in single and multiple doses clearly show the kinetics of moxalactam are linear over the dosage ranges studied and are independent of dose." | ( Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of moxalactam in normal subjects. Black, HR; Brier, GL; DeSante, KA; Israel, KS; Wolny, JD, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " Treatment-related effects were limited to soft stool, cecal dilatation, and slight anemia resulting from local injury at the injection site in the higher dosage groups." | ( An evaluation of the toxicity of moxalactam in laboratory animals. Harada, Y; Hasegawa, Y; Kobayashi, F; Morton, DM; Muraoka, Y; Wold, JS, ) | 0.13 |
| " Thus, moxalactam given initially as a dosage of 6 g daily is effective for treatment of women with pelvic infections after cesarean delivery." | ( Moxalactam for treatment of pelvic infections after cesarean delivery. Cunningham, FG; Gibbs, RS; Hemsell, DL, ) | 0.13 |
| " Renal elimination accounts for only 20 percent of the agent's elimination; dosage modification is not necessary in decreased renal function." | ( Cefoperazone (Cefobid, Pfizer). Lyon, JA, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Its long serum half-life, approximately two hours, permits a twelve hourly dosing schedule." | ( Antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, and therapeutic indications of cefoperazone. Funk, EA; Strausbaugh, LJ, ) | 0.13 |
| " Major dosage modification should only be required with concomitant renal and hepatic dysfunction." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in patients with normal and impaired hepatic and renal function. Craig, WA; Gerber, AU; Greenfield, RA, ) | 0.13 |
| " The usual dosage for pediatric patients was 25-50 mg/kg two or three times daily for about seven days." | ( Cefoperazone sodium in the treatment of serious bacterial infections in 2,100 adults and children: multicentered trials in Europe, Latin America, and Australasia. Gordon, AJ; Phyfferoen, M, ) | 0.13 |
| " We conclude that, although mild to moderate impairment of cefoperazone excretion occurs in patients with hepatic disease, adjustment of dosage may be necessary only with concomitant renal insufficiency." | ( Cefoperazone pharmacokinetics in normal subjects and patients with cirrhosis. Boscia, JA; Kaye, D; Kobasa, WD; Korzeniowski, OM; Levison, ME; Snepar, R, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Patients received one of the following three dosage regimens before collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): one dose of 50 mg/kg (maximum, 2 g; group I), one dose of 100 mg/kg (maximum, 4 g; group II), three doses of 100 mg/kg each every 8 h (maximum, 4 g each dose; group III)." | ( Concentrations of cefoperazone in cerebrospinal fluid during bacterial meningitis. Cable, D; Edralin, G; Overturf, G, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Mean daily dosage was 46." | ( [Treatment of septicemia with latamoxef. Multicentric study of 60 cases]. Armengaud, M; Aubertin, J; Bertrand, A; Carbon, C; Dureux, JB; Gouin, F; Goulon, M; Leng, B; Motin, J; Mouton, Y; Portier, H; Salord, JC; Veyssier, P, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " A recommended dosage schedule is proposed on the basis of moxalactam kinetics during CAPD." | ( Moxalactam kinetics during chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Boutron, HF; Brocard, JF; Fries, D; Merdjan, H; Pocheville, M; Singlas, E, 1983) | 0.27 |
| "The mechanism of action, antibacterial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, current dosage recommendations, adverse reactions, therapeutic uses, and pharmaceutical considerations of moxalactam disodium are reviewed." | ( Evaluation of moxalactam. Aronoff, SC; Bertino, JS; Blumer, JL; Reed, MD; Speck, WT, ) | 0.13 |
| " The mean concentrations 24 h after dosage were similar in all three groups, 13 to 17 micrograms/ml." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in full-term and premature neonates. Batheja, R; Evans, HE; Jhaveri, RC; Khan, AJ; Rosenfeld, WN; Vohra, K, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Without surgical drainage or therapeutic aspiration, institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy in optimum dosage resulted in complete resolution." | ( Enterococcal liver abscess associated with moxalactam therapy. Review of literature on enterococcal superinfections in association with moxalactam therapy. Berk, SL; Thomas, CT; Thomas, E, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " In the higher dosage group (2000 mg tds) the drug was successful in 20 out of 23 infections compared with 12 out of 21 infections in the lower dosage group (1000 mg tds)." | ( Ceftazidime treatment in intensive care patients. Gimbrère, JS; Muytjens, HL; van Dalen, R, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Urine levels were greater than the minimum inhibitory concentrations for susceptible organisms for at least eight hours after dosing in all individuals who produced urine." | ( Cefotaxime pharmacokinetics following a single intravenous dose to patients with varying renal function. Bundtzen, RW; Craig, WA; Madsen, PO; Nielsen, OS; Toothaker, RD; Welling, PG, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " The mean dosage was 45 mg/kg/day." | ( [Clinical experience of cefotaxime (author's transl)]. Boussougant, Y; Carbon, C; Destaing, F; Portier, H, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " A dosage schedule for the use of intravenously administered cefotaxime in patients undergoing hemodialysis is presented." | ( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous cefotaxime in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Chodos, J; Francke, EL; Neu, HC; Saltzman, M, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Only fosfomycin was effective in both models even at the low dosage of 100 mg/kg/d." | ( [Chemotherapy with fosfomycin, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime in experimental E. coli-pleuropneumonia (author's transl)]. Henkel, W; Krüger, C; Marre, R, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Dosage for ceftizoxime was 1 gm." | ( Ceftizoxime in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Crawford, ED; Plimpton, HW, 1982) | 0.26 |
| "The efficacies of several dosage schedules of cefazolin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime, started 12 or 36 h after infection, were examined in experimental pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in rats." | ( Therapeutic activities of cefazolin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime against experimentally induced Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in rats. Bakker-Woudenberg, IA; Michel, MF; van den Berg, JC, 1982) | 0.26 |
| "Ceftriaxone, a new broad spectrum cephalosporin with a long biological half-life has been used on a single intravenous daily dosage regimen over a five day period to treat complicated urinary tract infection." | ( Treatment of complicated urinary tract infections with the long acting cephalosporin, ceftriaxone. Bremner, DA; Rothwell, DL; Taylor, KM, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " From the collation of bacteriologic and pharmacokinetic data, dosage regimens adjusted to the renal function can be proposed." | ( [Pharmacokinetics of moxalactam in adults]. Fillastre, JP; Humbert, G; Leroy, A, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " The consequences of the pharmacokinetic differences between cefotaxim and Moxalactam are exemplified by the comparison of dosage regimens capable of generating and maintaining equivalent concentrations in the various body fluids." | ( [Comparative pharmacokinetics of moxalactam and other cephalosporins]. Brisson, AM; Fourtillan, JB, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " We conclude that Moxalactam is very effective in severe lower respiratory tract infections, with a daily dosage of 30 mg/kg." | ( [The French experience with moxalactam in pneumology]. Coomans, D; Imbert, Y; Leng, B, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Therefore, there is no need to relate the timing of blood (and urine) sampling for creatinine assay to dosage of these antibiotics." | ( Lack of interference of five new beta-lactam antibiotics with serum creatinine determination. LeBel, M; Lewis, GP; Paone, RP, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Peak serum concentrations following subcutaneous or intramuscular dosing of 25 mg/kg occurred 15-30 min after injection and ranged from 26 mg/l in mice to 63 mg/l in rabbits." | ( Therapeutic and kinetic properties of ceftazidime in animals. Acred, P, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Cefotetan produced high peak and trough plasma and urine concentrations with a twice-daily dosing schedule." | ( Preliminary report on a comparative trial of cefotetan and cefoxitin in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Childs, SJ; Cox, CE; Lesky, WC; Mirelmant, S; Wells, WG, 1983) | 0.27 |
| "Ceftazidime, a new beta-lactamase resistant aminothiazo-oyl cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas species, was evaluated clinically for efficacy and safety at 3 dosage levels in patients with acute genitourinary tract infection." | ( Ceftazidime, an open randomized comparison of 3 dosages for genitourinary infections. Childs, SJ; Chubb, JM; Wells, WG, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " The average level one hour post dosing was 45." | ( Ceftazidime: a new approach in the treatment of moderate and severe infections. Abbas, AM; Cantor, AM; Haste, AR; Jones, RB; Newby, D; Rigby, CC; Taylor, MC, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Total dosage of ceftazidime ranged from 28 to 240 g (mean 82." | ( Evaluation of ceftazidime in the treatment of severe bacterial infection. Bouza, E; Hellín, T; Loza, E; Martínez-Beltrán, J; Rodríguez-Creixems, M; Sanz-Hospital, J, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Patients with renal insufficiency should be given reduced dosage according to a dose reduction factor and according to the table." | ( The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in normal and impaired renal function. Höffler, D; Koeppe, P; Williams, KJ, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " In the other 27 courses there was an excellent clinical response, judged to be as good as our former high dosage carbenicillin and tobramycin combination though with much greater patient acceptability." | ( Ceftazidime - a significant advance in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Connor, PJ; David, TJ; Phillips, BM, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Serum concentrations in patients on day 7 of treatment, however, showed no accumulation when treated with a dosage of 2 g bd." | ( Ceftazidime: pharmacokinetics in young volunteers versus elderly patients and therapeutic efficacy with complicated urinary tract infections. Grobecker, H; Kees, F; Naber, KG, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " These results, within the limitation of the study, suggest that ceftazidime given alone at a dosage of 1 g tds is not significantly worse than tobramycin 120 mg tds plus ticarcillin 2 g tds." | ( Ceftazidime compared to tobramycin and ticarcillin in immunocompromised haematological patients. Bellingham, AJ; Bennet, C; Brada, M; Hart, CA; Reilly, JT, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " The doses used in 14 out of the evaluated 15 cases ranged from 31 to 50 mg/kg/day, the frequency of dosing was twice daily in 8 cases and 3 times daily in 7 cases." | ( [Clinical study on ceftazidime in the field of pediatrics]. Hachimori, K; Kaneda, K; Minamitani, M, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Although intermittent and continuous dosing regimens produce similar areas under the concentration-versus-time curves for serum and tissue, intermittent dosing produces higher peak and potentially earlier effective antibiotic levels at the site of infection." | ( Changing patterns of hospital infections: implications for therapy. Changing concepts and new applications of antibiotic pharmacokinetics. Craig, WA; Vogelman, B, 1984) | 0.27 |
| "Ceftazidime, cefuroxime and methicillin proved equally effective in the therapy of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits with a dosing regimen of 40 mg/kg intramuscularly at 8-hourly intervals for three days." | ( Comparison of ceftazidime, cefuroxime and methicillin in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in rabbits. Acred, P; McColm, AA; Ryan, DM, 1984) | 0.27 |
| "This review considers the five major principles governing optimal dosing of beta-lactam antibiotics in therapy for bacterial meningitis: off the entry of passage of antibiotics into CSF, (2) the antimicrobial activity of beta-lactams within the purulent CSF in vivo, (3) the bactericidal activity within the CSF, (4) the route and mode of drug administration together with the postantibiotic effect, and (5) the duration of therapy." | ( Rationale for optimal dosing of beta-lactam antibiotics in therapy for bacterial meningitis. Scheld, WM, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " Dose-response was observed." | ( [Laboratory and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in pediatric infectious diseases]. Aso, K; Kuno, K; Miyachi, Y; Nakashima, T; Ogawa, A; Yafuso, M, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " The half-life of ceftriaxone allows once-daily dosing in many patients; the half-lives of ceftizoxime and cefoperazone permit dosing every 8-12 hours." | ( Third-generation cephalosporins: a critical evaluation. Barriere, SL; Flaherty, JF, ) | 0.13 |
| " MT-141 at all dosage levels caused no lethal effect on rats." | ( [Toxicological studies of a new cephamycin, MT-141. III. Its chronic toxicity in rats]. Hayasaka, H; Kawaoto, H; Kurebe, M; Niizato, T; Watanabe, H; Yokota, M, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " The dosage was 56 approximately 182 mg/kg/day, divided into 4 doses, and given intravenous injection." | ( [Clinical examination of cefoperazone in pediatrics (author's transl)]. Kagata, N; Matsuda, H; Niino, S; Yoshida, T, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " The fosfomycin breakpoint for the low dosage of 2-3 times 3 g per infusion daily was defined with 16 micro g/ml and for the high dosage of 2-3 times 5 g fosfomycin per infusion with 64 micro g/ml." | ( [Fosfomycin, a new antibiotic: in vitro activity compared with mezlocillin, cefuroxime and gentamicin]. Lindenschmidt, EG; Schassan, HH, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " The results raise the question of the desirability of cefoperazone dosage adjustment in patients with hepatic diseases." | ( [Pharmacokinetic study of a cephalosporin, cefoperazone, in liver failure]. Allaz, AF; Balant, L; Belaieff, J; Cochet, B; Fabre, J; Rudhardt, M, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " A dosage schedule for administering moxalactam to patients with various degrees of renal dysfunction is provided." | ( Pharmacokinetics of moxalactam in subjects with various degrees of renal dysfunction. Bolton, WK; Overby, TL; Sande, MA; Scheld, WM; Spyker, DA, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " Recommendations are given for dosage adjustment in patients with renal insufficiency." | ( Pharmacokinetics of moxalactam in patients with renal insufficiency. Czerwinski, AW; Lam, M; Manion, CV, 1981) | 0.26 |
| "To establish dosage recommendations, moxalactam elimination kinetics were studied in six anephric patients during hemodialysis and in four anephric patients during the interdialytic period." | ( Moxalactam pharmacokinetics during hemodialysis. Aronoff, GR; Kleit, SA; Luft, FC; Mong, SA; Sloan, RS, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Dosage schedules were established, adapted to the degree of renal impairment." | ( Pharmacokinetics of moxalactam in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. Fillastre, JP; Humbert, G; Leroy, A, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Twice daily dosing with cefoperazone appears to be effective against numerous Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in a variety of clinical infections." | ( Worldwide clinical experience with cefoperazone. Craig, WA; Gerber, AU, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Since biliary excretion is normally the primary route of cefoperazone elimination, dosage modification should only be required in the presence of severe biliary obstruction or concomitant renal and hepatic dysfunction." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone: a review. Craig, WA; Gerber, AU, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " A dosage schedule of 2 to 4 g daily will not lead to significant drug accumulation in the presence of severe renal failure." | ( Serum and urine concentrations of cefoperazone in severe chronic renal failure. Bailey, RR; Blake, E; Peddie, B, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " To establish dosage recommendations, the kinetics of moxalactam elimination were studied in 20 patients with various degrees of renal dysfunction." | ( Pharmacokinetics of moxalactam in patients with normal and impaired renal function. Aronoff, GR; Luft, FC; Sloan, RS, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " Although slight elevation of BUN and creatinine in plasma and hyaline casts in lumen of the distal tubules were observed in animals receiving 2,000 mg/kg of LMOX or CET when dosed with FUR, no histological changes were found in renal tissues." | ( [Comparative nephrotoxicity of latamoxef and other cephalosporins in rabbits. Combined administration with furosemide or tobramycin. (author's transl)]. Harada, Y; Okamoto, T; Teshima, K, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Such a comparatively low dosage offers substantial savings to both patient and hospital." | ( Five cephalosporins: pharmacokinetics and their relation to antibacterial potency. Actor, P; Alexander, F; Dubb, J; Grappel, S; Lentnek, A; Pitkin, D; Sohn, C; Stote, R; Wikler, M; Zajac, I, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " The projected cost savings for the first 24 hours of surgical prophylaxis, or a 10-day treatment course changing from every eight- to six-hour dosing to a single daily dose ranged from $5." | ( Cost containment associated with decreased parenteral antibiotic administration frequencies. Nazarian, MQ; Tanner, DJ, 1984) | 0.27 |
| ", for all of the cephalosporins except cefoperazone and cefotaxime, modification of dosage is necessary when renal insufficiency is present." | ( An overview of pharmacokinetics. Cutler, RE, ) | 0.13 |
| " It is concluded that the pharmacokinetic disposition of cefotetan is similar in Caucasian and Japanese subjects and that the long elimination half-life, lack of detectable metabolism and high urinary excretion will result in plasma and urine concentrations in excess of the MIC of sensitive bacteria on a twice daily dosing regime." | ( Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of single intravenous doses of cefotetan disodium in male Caucasian volunteers. Adam, HK; Charlesworth, EA; Donnelly, RJ; Houghton, HL; Laws, EA; Yates, RA, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " The dosage ought to be reduced adequately to the degree of damage of renal function." | ( [Antibacterial chemotherapy in impaired renal function]. Zazgornik, J, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Substantial differences were demonstrated in pharmacokinetic indices for dosage regimens used in treating specific microorganisms for which the antibiotics are considered the primary alternative agents." | ( Pharmacokinetic and microbiologic evaluation of dosage regimens for newer cephalosporins and penicillins. Schumacher, GE, ) | 0.13 |
| " CPM was administered in 2 or 3 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 41." | ( [Clinical evaluation of cefpiramide in pediatrics]. Haruta, T; Kobayashi, Y; Kuroki, S; Okura, K; Yamakawa, M, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " It is not expected that the observed bioavailability decrease at doses exceeding 500 mg will have any therapeutic significance, since clinical studies are establishing efficacy for a recommended unit dosage regimen of 500 mg." | ( Human intravenous pharmacokinetics and absolute oral bioavailability of cefatrizine. Gaver, RC; Pfeffer, M; Ximenez, J, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " There were no wound infections in this study when only a single dosage of antibiotic was administered intravenously." | ( Excretion of cefuroxime in biliary disease. Browning, AK; McFarland, RJ; Thomas, M, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " The kinetic behavior of cefuroxime axetil and ampicillin was not influenced by repeated dosing at 250 mg." | ( Pharmacology of Cefuroxime as the 1-acetoxyethyl ester in volunteers. Ayrton, J; Harding, SM; Williams, PE, 1984) | 0.27 |
| " The elimination half-life of ceforanide is about 3 hrs in patients with normal renal function; this allows twice daily dosing for the majority of patients." | ( Ceforanide: antibacterial activity, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy. Barriere, SL; Mills, J, ) | 0.13 |
| " administered during induction of anaesthesia is the dosage of choice." | ( The evaluation of cefuroxime in the prevention of postoperative infection. Croton, RS; Eilon, LA; Green, HT; Knowles, MA; Sykes, D; Treanor, J; Wake, P, 1981) | 0.26 |
| "Twenty-nine patients with urinary tract infection were treated with ceftazidime intramuscularly, at a dosage of 1000 mg twice daily for 7 days." | ( Ceftazidime in the treatment of urinary tract infection. Kasanen, A; Nikoskelainen, J; Saarimaa, H; Toivanen, P, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " These pharmacokinetic observations support the current dosage recommendations for the use of cefoxitin in treating and preventing gynecologic infections, as well as the recommendation that it be administered shortly before the operation to maximize tissue levels during the perioperative period." | ( Serum and tissue concentrations of cefoxitin and cefamandole in women undergoing hysterectomy. French, MA; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R; Russo, JN, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " We conclude that there is no place for a single preoperative dosage of cefamandole in the management of appendicitis." | ( A controlled study of single dosage cefamandole in the prophylaxis of wound infections in appendectomy. Gledhill, T; Odurny, A; Weaver, PC, 1983) | 0.27 |
| "9566) can be utilized to revise dosage schedules for patients with any degree of renal impairment." | ( Cefsulodin pharmacokinetics in patients with various degrees of renal function. Keane, WF; Matzke, GR, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " In both animals, a large amount of the dosed 14C was excreted in urine as unaltered antibiotic." | ( Metabolic fate of SCE-1365, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, after parenteral administration to rats and dogs. Adachi, K; Kondo, T; Tanayama, S; Yoshida, K, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " The serum half life of ceftizoxime after dosing of probenecid and ceftizoxime in combination was about twice longer in rabbits than and almost the same in dogs as that after dosing of ceftizoxime alone." | ( [Mechanism of renal excretion of ceftizoxime in rabbits and dogs (author's transl)]. Murakawa, T; Nakamoto, S; Nishida, M, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " Antibiotics in a variety of dosage forms and in fermentation broths have been examined in order to provide the maximum data on impurities to meet regulatory requirements for drug safety, purity and efficacy." | ( Reverse phase high speed liquid chromatography of antibiotics. III. Use of ultra high performance columns and ion-pairing techniques. White, ER; Zarembo, JE, 1981) | 0.26 |
| "53 microgram/ml for sisomicin at 90 minutes after dosing administration." | ( [Pharmacokinetics of cefotetan and an aminoglycoside preparation in combined administration. 1. Individual quantification of cefotetan and sisomicin by bioassay and their absorption, distribution, and excretion in rats when given together]. Ikeda, C; Tachibana, A; Yano, K, 1982) | 0.26 |
| "Forty patients with suspected non-CNS Hib infections were treated with cefamandole at a dosage of 100 to 150 mg/kg/day." | ( The role of cefamandole in the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae infections in infants and children. Azimi, PH; Chase, PA, 1981) | 0.26 |
| "The efficacy and tolerability of cefadroxil were assessed in a controlled comparison of high-compliance oral dosage regimens among 100 patients with urinary tract infections." | ( Treatment of urinary infections with cefadroxil: controlled comparison of high-compliance oral dosage regimens. Hausman, MS, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " Intensive dosing schedules were employed to achieve maximal therapeutic benefits with short-term treatment." | ( Comparison of cefamandole, cephalothin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol in experimental Escherichia coli meningitis. Allen, JC; Beam, TR, 1980) | 0.26 |
| "In this double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial, an oral dosing regimen of 500 mg twice daily (BID) of cephradine was evaluated for the treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections due to susceptible pathogens." | ( A lower dose regimen for cephradine capsules in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Brosof, AB; Spitzer, TQ, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " CMD was administered by one shot intravenous or drip infusion at a dosage of 100 approximately 135 mg/kg/day for 4 approximately 14 days." | ( [Laboratory and clinical studies of cefamandole in pediatric infections (author's transl)]. Kawamura, M; Maki, T; Takashima, Y; Tauchi, N; Uozumi, K, 1980) | 0.26 |
| "The efficacies of several dosage schedules, productive of plasma levels of cefotiam and cefazolin of short and long duration and starting at three levels of cefotiam and cefazolin of short and long duration and starting at three different times (3, 18, and 30h) after infection, were examined in experimental pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S in mice." | ( Therapeutic effects of cefotiam and cefazolin on experimental pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae DT-S in mice. Nishi, T; Tsuchiya, K, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " The dose given was 200 approximately 300 mg/kg/day and the dosing duration was 14 approximately 22 days." | ( [Fundamental and clinical studies of cefuroxime in pediatric purulent meningitis (author's transl)]. Hori, M; Kumagai, K; Kurosu, Y; Toyonaga, Y, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " In dogs with meningitis a dosage of 50 mg/kg yielded high concentrations from minutes 60 to 240: on average, 13." | ( Diffusion of ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9004/001) in the cerebrospinal fluid. Comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics in dogs with healthy meninges and in dogs with experimental meningitis. Armengaud, M; Marchou, B, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Also, it is important to determine the proper dosage of the antimicrobial drug to be used." | ( Oral antibiotics in pedal infections. Green, RA, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " Diminished renal function and activity of some hepatic enzymes alter the half-lives of various drugs, making extrapolation from adult dosage impossible." | ( Antimicrobial therapy and the neonate. Yaffe, SJ, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " In special paragraphs the intrinsic ototoxic potential of the newer aminoglycoside antibiotics, the influence of the dosage and route of administration, of renal function, preexisting hearing disturbances, individual and familial sensitivity, pregnancy, newborn age and the combination with sound exposure, diuretics and cephalosporins are considered." | ( Drug-induced sudden hearing loss and vestibular disturbances. Federspil, P, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Cefroxadine dry syrup was in principle administered at the dosage of 10 mg per kilogram of body weight 3 times a day." | ( [Use of cefroxadine dry syrup in the management of acute skin infections in children (author's transl)]. Arakawa, K; Arata, J; Fujimoto, W; Hagiyama, M; Hiramatsu, H; Kashiwa, N; Masuda, T; Miyoshi, K; Nakagawa, S; Nakakita, T; Nishihara, O; Nishimoto, M; Nohara, N; Okuma, N; Suwaki, M; Tada, J; Take, M; Tanaka, A; Tokumaru, S; Ueki, H; Umemura, S; Yamada, M; Yamamoto, Y, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " The goal in the future will be to correlate pharmacologic principles with the efficiency of various dosing programs and tissue levels in the clinical setting." | ( First and second generation cephalosporins. French, M; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " Most of the cefoxitin-sensitive mycobacteria were inhibited by concentrations which can be easily attained in serum on standard dosage schedules." | ( In vitro susceptibility of mycobacteria species other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis to amikacin, cephalosporins and cefoxitin. Haas, H; Michel, J; Sacks, TG, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " Dosage recommendations for 1- to 2 year-old children are presented." | ( Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular ceforanide in infants, children, and adolescents. Bawdon, RE; Buckley, JA; Dajani, AS; Pfeffer, M; Smyth, RD; Thirumoorthi, MC; Van Harken, DR, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " Therefore, cephradine given as a 1 g bolus intravenously with anaesthetic induction provides satisfactory concentrations for antibacterial prophylaxis during gall bladder surgery but a regimen of oral and intramuscular dosage was found to be unsatisfactory." | ( Peroperative cephradine concentrations in the gall bladder wall and bile. Bullen, BR; Kester, RC; Ramsden, CH, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " As the measured perilymph concentrations of cefsulodin and gentamicin are comparable on a weight for weight basis and as the clinical dosage of cefsulodin is much higher than that of gentamicin, the perilymph concentrations of cefsulodin reached in man are probably much higher than those of gentamicin." | ( Cefsulodin pharmacokinetics and otitis media. Federspil, P; Schätzle, W; Tiesler, E, 1982) | 0.26 |
| " aeruginosa and administration and dosage of CFS was 47 to 86 mg/kg/day, 2 to 4 times daily by intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion for 5 to 11 days." | ( [Clinical studies of cefsulodin in the pediatric field]. Hachimori, K; Minamitani, M; Suzuki, M, 1982) | 0.26 |
| "Spectrum of antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, dosage and therapeutic uses of newer cephalosporins are reviewed, following data of the most recent international works." | ( [Considerations about new cephalosporins]. Antoniola, P; Grazioli, F; Varese, LA; Vighetti, A; Viretto, A, ) | 0.13 |
| "A retrospective pharmacokinetic analysis was performed for 165 antibiotic dosage regimens used in treating 15 microorganisms for which the antibiotics are considered to be agents of first choice or primary alternatives." | ( Pharmacokinetic and microbiologic evaluation of antibiotic dosage regimens. Schumacher, GE, ) | 0.13 |
| " over a course of 5 days; dosage interval 12 h, dosages 1000, 2000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg per day, respectively." | ( [Experimental studies in animals on the nephrotoxicity of some new cephalosporin antibiotics: cefamandole, EMD 29 645, and 29 946 (author's transl)]. Beck, H; Nierhoff, N; Sack, K, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " Recommendations for dosage are given." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefapirin in patients with normal and impaired renal functions. Bergan, T; Brodwall, EK; Orjavik, O, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " We administered Rocephin intravenously at a dosage of 2 x 1 g/day in 23 cases of septicaemia confirmed by positive blood cultures." | ( Clinical study of Rocephin, a 3d generation cephalosporin, in various septicaemias. Bar-Moshe, O; Chamali, R; Ghosen, V; Stenier, P, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Dosing recommendations for patients with renal insufficiency are provided." | ( Ceforanide kinetics in renal insufficiency. Alford, RH; Hawkins, SS; Pfeffer, M; Smyth, RD; Stone, WJ, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " On the other hand, the necessity of the optimum dose regimen for not only antibiotics but also other drugs has been emphasized to achieve the maximum pharmacological effects with minimal dosage or to prevent the side-effects and sequelae." | ( [High-performance liquid chromatographic micro-assay for cefradine in biological fluids (author's transl)]. Hayashi, Y, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Cefazolin sodium was chosen as the primary injectable cephalosporin, and guidelines for proper dosing were approved." | ( Cost containment through restriction of cephalosporins. Britton, HL; Romano, MJ; Schwinghammer, TL, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " Clinical responses: CXD was administered, for 7 days, to 33 children with scarlet fever in the dosage of greater than or equal 20 approximately less than 60 mg/kg/day (7 children in greater than or equal to 20 approximately 30 mg/kg/day, 21 in greater than or equal to 30 approximately less than 40 mg/kg/day and 5 in greater than or equal to 40 approximately less than 60 mg/kg/day)." | ( [Clinical evaluation of cefroxadine dry syrup in pediatric field (author's transl)]. Hachimori, K; Minamikawa, I; Minamitani, M; Suzuki, M, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " 4 Since creatinine clearance decreases sharply with age, it might be suggested that cefuroxime dosage be related to creatinine clearance in the elderly, even when no renal impairment is suspected." | ( Pharmacokinetic study of cefuroxime in the elderly. Broekhuysen, J; Deger, F; Douchamps, J; Freschi, E; Mal, N; Neve, P; Parfait, R; Siska, G; Winand, M, 1981) | 0.26 |
| " This dosage of cefuroxime was protective when given for only two consecutive days starting on the first to third days of gentamicin treatment, but enhanced gentamicin nephrotoxocity when started on the sixth or subsequent days." | ( Effect of timing of cefuroxime dosage on its protection of rats against gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Atkinson, RM; Capel-Edwards, K; Foord, RD; Harman, IW; Patterson, GG; Pratt, DA; Wheeldon, JM, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " The slower elimination kinetics of ceforanide are indicative of the potential for a longer dosing interval and more effective antibiotic therapy as compared with available cephalosporins." | ( Comparative pharmacokinetics of ceforanide (BL-S786R) and cefazolin in laboratory animals and humans. Hottendorf, GH; Lee, FH; Pfeffer, M; Smyth, RD; Van Harken, DR, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " No clear connection was evident between dosage and concentration of antibiotics in the sputum." | ( Significance of pleural and sputum concentrations for antibiotic therapy of bronchopulmonary infections. Dzwillo, G; Gruhlke, G; Hallermann, W; Lode, H, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " The concentration of radioactivity in the liver, cortex of the kidney, and skeletal muscle 144 h after oral dosing was more than 10 times higher than the concentration in plasma for all doses." | ( Disposition of S-1108, a new oral cephem antibiotic, and metabolic fate of pivalic acid liberated from [pivaloyl-14C]S-1108 in rats and dogs. Futaguchi, S; Katsuyama, Y; Mizojiri, K; Nagasaki, T; Nakanishi, M; Norikura, R; Yoshimori, T, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " In the elderly, only minor changes in the pharmacokinetics of the oral agents were observed, and were insufficient to warrant dosage adjustment." | ( Comparative pharmacokinetics of the new oral cephalosporins. Borner, K; Fassbender, M; Koeppe, P; Lode, H; Schaberg, T, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Thus, ceftibuten, with a once- or twice-daily oral dosage regimen, good tolerability profile and activity against a wide range of bacterial organisms, offers a promising alternative to other agents (including cefaclor, cotrimoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, bacampicillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin) for the treatment of patients with urogenital and respiratory tract infections." | ( Ceftibuten. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy. Balfour, JA; Wiseman, LR, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " There was no difference in the rate of cefpodoxime absorption between dosage forms." | ( The bioavailability of cefpodoxime proxetil tablets relative to an oral solution. Borin, MT; Forbes, KK; Hughes, GS, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Compliance with dosing was assessable with weight of drug consumed in 127 patients in each treatment group." | ( Multicenter controlled trial comparing ceftibuten with amoxicillin/clavulanate in the empiric treatment of acute otitis media. Members of the Ceftibuten Otitis Media United States Study Group. Mccarty, JM; Mclinn, SE; Perrotta, R; Pichichero, ME; Reidenberg, BE, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "Ceftibuten suspension was administered to 1312 pediatric patients in clinical trials at a dosage of 9 mg/kg once daily, with a maximal daily dose of 400 mg." | ( Worldwide safety experience with ceftibuten pediatric suspension. Reidenberg, BE, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Blood levels achieved after a single 400-mg dose given once daily or 9 mg/kg/day taken once daily for children yield blood levels and postantibiotic inhibition for the majority of a dosing period." | ( Ceftibuten: minimal inhibitory concentrations, postantibiotic effect and beta-lactamase stability--a rationale for dosing programs. Neu, HC, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " We conclude that cefodizime 1 g IM once daily is an effective dosing regimen in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia." | ( Single daily dose of cefodizime in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: an open-label, controlled, randomized study. The Italian Multicentre Community-Acquired Pneumonia Group. Canepa, G; Cantone, V; De Palma, M; Peri, A; Rocchi, D, ) | 0.13 |
| " It is likely that selected monomicrobic infections in immunocompetent hospitalized patients due to such highly susceptible organisms could be treated with lower dosages of cefotaxime or with longer dosing intervals (e." | ( The in vitro activity of cefotaxime versus bacteria involved in selected infections of hospitalized patients outside of the intensive care unit. Doern, GV, ) | 0.13 |
| "A retrospective analysis of the clinical and economic outcome of a regimen of cefotaxime 1 g given every 12 h was conducted following the introduction of an institutional policy recommending this new dosing strategy." | ( Retrospective analysis of the clinical and economic outcomes of twice-daily dosing of cefotaxime in a Canadian tertiary care institution. Conly, JM; Pitre, M; Tin, LY, ) | 0.13 |
| " Subsequent publications showed that a dosage of 2 g every 6 h was also adequate in this infection." | ( Experience with cefotaxime in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis. Arroyo, V; Navasa, M; Rimola, A, ) | 0.13 |
| " In the recent past, however, an effort has been made, both in the United States and in Europe to reevaluate the dosage of cefotaxime." | ( Review and reassessment of dosing schedules for cefotaxime in selected medical indications. Young, LS, ) | 0.13 |
| " Patients treated with cefotaxime twice or three times a day as monotherapy (excluding metronidazole) for at least 1 day (240 cases) were analyzed in terms of clinical and bacteriologic outcome, these results were correlated with the dosing regimen." | ( Retrospective analysis of the efficacy of cefotaxime sodium dosed twice daily. The Swedish experience. Ahlquist, G; Bergquist, SO; Eriksson, I; Eriksson, S; Lönnbro, N; Runehagen, A; Styrud, J, ) | 0.13 |
| "A retrospective, matched cohort study was performed to determine the cost outcomes among 495 hospitalized patients who received twice-daily dosing of cefotaxime and 3949 matched cohorts who received other antibiotics." | ( A retrospective analysis of twice-daily cefotaxime compared to conventional therapy for the treatment of infections in a USA hospital. Burke, JP; Classen, DC; Lloyd, JF; Pestotnik, SL, ) | 0.13 |
| "With our current understanding of antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, optimal antimicrobial dosing strategies can be developed for a variety infectious processes." | ( Cephalosporin-metronidazole combinations in the management of intra-abdominal infections. Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Patel, KB; Quintiliani, R, ) | 0.13 |
| " The high activity of cefotaxime alone and the contributions of desacetylcefotaxime to the drug's total antimicrobial value must be considered in reestablishing correct dosing of this "third-generation" cephalosporin." | ( Cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime antimicrobial interactions. The clinical relevance of enhanced activity: a review. Jones, RN, ) | 0.13 |
| " Of the 88 patients without serious underlying diseases who received the 1-g 12-h dosage regimen, all were considered to be clinically cured, and all 54 isolated pathogens were eradicated or presumed to be eradicated." | ( Study of cefotaxime twice daily for the therapy of postoperative pneumonia. The German Cefotaxime Study Group. Bruch, HP; Kujath, P, ) | 0.13 |
| " The half-life of cefotaxime and its metabolite is altered in patients with severe renal dysfunction requiring dosage adjustment." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in healthy volunteers and patients. Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Patel, KB; Quintiliani, R, ) | 0.13 |
| " For bacteria to have no postantibiotic effect, plasma levels need to exceed the MIC for the whole of the dosing interval to achieve maximum killing at the site of infection." | ( Pharmacodynamic (kinetic) considerations in the treatment of moderately severe infections with cefotaxime. Turnidge, JD, ) | 0.13 |
| " However, the area under the inhibitory serum concentration time-curve (AUIC) may be superior when appropriate dosing intervals are selected." | ( Role of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the design of dosage schedules for 12-h cefotaxime alone and in combination with other antibiotics. Nix, DE; Schentag, JJ, ) | 0.13 |
| " Although cefotaxime levels cannot be maintained above the bacterial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all infecting pathogens with extended dosing intervals, concentrations of desacetyl-cefotaxime remain above the effective concentration for a variety of organisms throughout the extended interval." | ( Therapeutic options for cefotaxime in the management of bacterial infections. Ostergaard, BE; Raddatz, JK; Rotschafer, JC, ) | 0.13 |
| " It was concluded that the dosage of cefotaxime, adjusted for renal function, would require no further adjustment during peritoneal dialysis or hemofiltration." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in dialysis patients. Andrassy, K, ) | 0.13 |
| " Maximal efficacy for cephalosporins in several animal infection models is approached when serum levels are above the MIC for 60%-70% of the dosing interval for Enterobacteriaceae and streptococci and for 40%-50% of the dosing interval for Staphylococcus aureus." | ( Interrelationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in determining dosage regimens for broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Craig, WA, ) | 0.13 |
| " When the impact of development on CTX and dCTX disposition is considered, it is apparent that age-appropriate pharmacokinetic data can be used to individualize CTX dosing regimens according to age." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in the young. Kearns, GL; Young, RA, ) | 0.13 |
| " Attention to such characteristics aid the clinician in selecting appropriate dosage regimens that will optimise drug absorption." | ( Clinical pharmacokinetics of newer cephalosporins. Klepser, ME; Marangos, MN; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Patel, KB; Quintiliani, R, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " In comparative trials, the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of cefprozil 500mg or 20 mg/kg administered once or twice daily has been comparable with multiple daily dosage regimens of erythromycin in patients with tonsillitis or pharyngitis, with cefaclor and amoxicillin/clavulanate in lower respiratory tract infections, with amoxicillin/clavulanate and erythromycin in skin and skin-structure infections and with cefaclor in acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections." | ( Cefprozil. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential. Benfield, P; Wiseman, LR, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Cefepime's twice-a-day dosage schedule and enhanced activity against Enterobacteriaceae and gram-positive organisms give it several advantages over older drugs." | ( Cefepime. Cunha, BA; Gill, MV, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Twice daily dosing is acceptable to some authorities if compliance is good." | ( Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: European and United States experience with cefpodoxime proxetil. Dajani, AS, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from 0 to infinity and the Cmax of this drug were significantly higher on day 8 than the values predicted from the elimination half-life computed on day 1 of treatment and the dosing interval." | ( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ceftibuten after oral administration to healthy volunteers. Bressolle, F; Edno, L; Galtier, M; Gomeni, R; Goncalves, F; Kinowski, JM; Panis, R, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " The normal recommended dosage and administration should be 20 to 50 mg/kg of CZOP at a time, using intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion 3 to 4 times a day." | ( [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefozopran in pediatrics]. Akita, H; Iwata, S; Sato, Y; Sunakawa, K; Yokota, T, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " In two trials, 891 pediatric patients were enrolled to either cefprozil or amoxicillin-clavulanate dosage regimens." | ( Multi-investigator evaluation of the efficacy and safety of cefprozil, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefixime and cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media. Kafetzis, DA, 1994) | 0.29 |
| "3% of the total dosage (20 mg/kg) within 8 hours." | ( Efficacy of a novel injectable cephalosporin, Cefclidin, on the experimental complicated urinary tract infections with urinary stones caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. Munakata, K; Satoh, M; Takeuchi, H; Yoshida, O, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Azithromicin was administered at the increasing dosage of 100-200-300 and 400 mg every 2 days." | ( [Safety of azithromycin in patients allergic to penicillin and cephalosporin]. Biasi, D; Lunardi, C; Maleknia, T; Pacor, ML, 1994) | 0.29 |
| "The chemistry, pharmacology, antimicrobial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage of cefepime are reviewed." | ( Cefepime: a new fourth-generation cephalosporin. Bedikian, A; Chin, A; Gill, MA; Nakahiro, RK; Okamoto, MP, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " influenzae showed that 6- to 12-mg/kg dosing was effective in reducing viable counts of these strains in blood by > or = 100-fold by 24 h after challenge." | ( In vivo therapeutic efficacy of cefdinir (FK482), a new oral cephalosporin, against Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae in mouse infection models. Cohen, MA; Gage, JW; Heifetz, CL; Mailloux, GB; Meservey, MA; Roland, GE; Wold, SA; Yoder, SL, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " After treating infected rabbits for 4 days with various dosing regimens, resistant strains were only detected in those animals in which the time that the serum concentration exceeded the MIC was less than half of the dosing interval." | ( Conditions for the emergence of resistance to cefpirome and ceftazidime in experimental endocarditis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Carbon, C; Fantin, B; Farinotti, R; Thabaut, A, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " The abilities of the drugs to protect mice against the organisms were determined in mouse protection tests, and the doses were fractionated to produce various dosing regimens with different times above the MIC." | ( Optimal times above MICs of ceftibuten and cefaclor in experimental intra-abdominal infections. Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Onyeji, CO; Quintiliani, R, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Because patients undergoing continuous haemofiltration have impaired renal function, dosage reduction is often recommended so that adverse drug reactions are avoided." | ( Clinical pharmacokinetics during continuous haemofiltration. Bressolle, F; de la Coussaye, JE; Eledjam, JJ; Galtier, M; Kinowski, JM; Wynn, N, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " A dose-response relationship was observed between the two doses." | ( [Basic and clinical studies on S-1108 in pediatric field]. Aramaki, M; Handa, S; Kato, H; Motohiro, T; Oda, K; Oki, S; Sakata, Y; Yamada, S; Yamashita, F; Yoshinaga, Y, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Since 3rd generation cephalosporins are in general highly active against gram-negative rods, we were interested in using the SBT to compare different dosage regimens." | ( [Evaluation of the serum bactericidal test]. Braveny, I; Milatovic, D; Wallrauch-Schwarz, C, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " or im dosing over 10 days was observed." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefepime: a review. Santella, PJ; Van der Auwera, P, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Cmax, AUC and Cl(tot) were more variable than those observed in previous studies and are probably a reflection of the clinical conditions under which dosing and sampling occurred." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefepime in patients with the sepsis syndrome. Branger, JM; Hoepelman, AI; Kieft, H; Knupp, CA; Struyvenberg, A; van Dijk, A; Verhoef, J, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " The bd dosing schedule and reported lack of cross-resistance with other cephalosporins against some species of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli make cefepime an attractive treatment option in hospitalized patients." | ( Low-dosage cefepime as treatment for serious bacterial infections. Giamarellou, H, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Clinical cure and bacterial eradication can be achieved with a convenient bd dosing schedule." | ( A non-comparative, multicentre study of cefepime in the treatment of serious bacterial infections. Bertrand, A; Chidiac, C; Dellamonica, P; Humbert, G; Leroy, J; Micoud, M; Modai, J; Mouton, Y; Stahl, JP; Veyssier, P, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Although steady state kinetics were not performed our findings suggest that a dosage reduction is not necessary even in pre-uraemic patients." | ( Pharmacokinetics of oral cefcanel daloxate hydrochloride in healthy volunteers and patients with various degrees of impaired renal function. Dahl, K; Edwall, B; Slettevold, L; Thurmann-Nielsen, E; Torrång, A; Walstad, R, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Appropriate treatment of meningitis in children requires knowledge of agents for initial therapy, dosage schedules, changes in the regimen that may be required once the organism is isolated and results of susceptibility tests are available, knowledge of the drugs that require monitoring of serum concentrations to determine safety and efficacy, and antimicrobial prophylaxis for contacts." | ( Antimicrobial treatment and prevention of meningitis. Klein, JO, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Accordingly, the dosage regimen of cefpiramide should be modified in patients with cholestasis." | ( Cefpiramide kinetics and plasma protein binding in cholestasis. Amouretti, M; Bannwarth, B; Demontes-Mainard, F; Kieffer, G; Labat, L; Necciari, J; Vinçon, G, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Cefprozil demonstrates clinical advantages over many other orally administered beta-lactam antibiotics in terms of antimicrobial spectrum, a once- or twice-daily dosing regimen, and/or reduced incidence of adverse effects." | ( Review of in vitro activity, pharmacokinetic characteristics, safety, and clinical efficacy of cefprozil, a new oral cephalosporin. Barriere, SL, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "Cefpirome is eliminated primarily by renal excretion, compelling dosage reduction in kidney failure." | ( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of cefpirome in patients receiving hemodialysis and in patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Lameire, N; Lehr, KH; Malerczyk, V; Ringoir, S; Rosenkranz, B; Veys, N, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "The disposition of cefepime is not significantly affected by CF, and dosage adjustment appears not to be necessary in these patients." | ( Cefepime pharmacokinetics in cystic fibrosis. Hamelin, BA; Knupp, CA; LeBel, M; Moore, N; Ruel, M; Vallée, F, ) | 0.13 |
| " When the dosing was terminated, pivaloylcarnitine in plasma and then in urine disappeared, and the concentration of free carnitine, acyl/free carnitine ratio returned to the normal range." | ( [Effect of cefditoren pivoxil on carnitine metabolism in pediatric patients]. Chiba, S; Fujii, R; Meguro, H; Mori, A; Mori, T; Numazaki, K; Satoh, Y; Sunakawa, K; Terashima, I; Toyonaga, Y, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " When cefpirome is administered at a dosage of 2g every 12 hours to patients without renal insufficiency [creatinine clearance 70 ml/min (4." | ( Cefpirome clinical pharmacokinetics. Nix, DE; Strenkoski, LC, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " These pharmacodynamic characteristics suggest that the goal of optimal dosing regimens for cefpirome is to provide serum levels above the MIC of infecting pathogens for most of the dosing interval." | ( The pharmacokinetics of cefpirome--rationale for a twelve-hour dosing regimen. Craig, WA, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " In the LRTI trials 199 patients received cefpirome 1 g bid and in 653 patients it was dosed 2 g bid." | ( Cefpirome: efficacy in the treatment of urinary and respiratory tract infections and safety profile. Norrby, SR, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " The higher dosage regimen produced superior bacteriological clearance rates and is therefore preferable in patients with severe septicaemia." | ( Efficacy of cefpirome in the treatment of septicaemia. Geddes, AM; Norrby, SR, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "A mathematical multiple dosing model was designed so that human plasma concentration-versus-time curves of beta-lactams are reproduced in mouse plasma." | ( Simulation of human plasma levels of beta-lactams in mice by multiple dosing and the relationship between the therapeutic efficacy and pharmacodynamic parameters. Hatano, K; Mine, Y; Wakai, Y; Watanabe, Y, ) | 0.13 |
| " In order to consistently exceed the MIC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the entire dosing interval in patients with cystic fibrosis, a higher dose and/or different dosing interval compared with those used in this study may be necessary." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefepime in cystic fibrosis patients. Bosso, JA; Huls, CE; Prince, RA; Seilheimer, DK, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "73 m2), the dose should be halved or the dosing interval doubled; patients with severe renal insufficiency who are not receiving dialysis should be treated with the normal dose given once every 3 to 5 days." | ( Effects of renal dysfunction on the pharmacokinetics of loracarbef. Cerimele, BJ; Davidson, RL; DeSante, KA; Farlow, DS; Hatcher, BL; Quadracci, LJ; Therasse, DG, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "These seven agents offer wider choices in drug regimens, and the use of certain agents should improve patient compliance because of less frequent dosing and shorter duration of treatment." | ( New antibacterial agents. Hussar, DA, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Potential advantages of the new carbacephem may be improved patient compliance with its less frequent dosing schedule (once or twice a day, depending on the infection), and a low incidence of adverse effects." | ( Loracarbef: a new orally administered carbacephem antibiotic. Force, RW; Nahata, MC, 1993) | 0.29 |
| " Prolonged probenecid therapy before administration of a cephalosporin did not seem to be as relevant as the probenecid dosage in determining the magnitude of the interaction." | ( Cephalosporin-probenecid drug interactions. Brown, GR, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "In a multicentre, international study of 187 adult patients with bacterial pneumonia or bronchiectasis, the safety and efficacy of a regimen of 200 mg ceftibuten administered twice-daily was compared with cefaclor given in a dosage of 500 mg three times a day." | ( Comparison of the efficacy and safety of ceftibuten and cefaclor in the treatment of pneumonia and bronchiectasis. McCabe, R; Mogabgab, W; Perrotta, R; Rumans, L, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "17 h after dosing are much higher than the MICs for common pathogens which cause pharyngitis or tonsillitis." | ( Penetration of cefprozil into tonsillar and adenoidal tissues. Barbhaiya, RH; Campbell, DA; Reilly, J; Shyu, WC; Wilber, RB, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effects of gestational age on ceftazidime pharmacokinetics in the preterm infant, (2) to relate these effects to changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and (3) to establish appropriate dosage recommendations for preterm infants on day 3 of life." | ( Ceftazidime pharmacokinetics in preterm infants: effects of renal function and gestational age. de Groot, R; Hop, WC; Neijens, HJ; Sauer, PJ; Schoemaker, RC; van den Anker, JN; van der Heijden, BJ; Weber, A, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Additional adjustments in dosage are indicated in preterm infants who are exposed prenatally to indomethacin." | ( Ceftazidime pharmacokinetics in preterm infants: effects of renal function and gestational age. de Groot, R; Hop, WC; Neijens, HJ; Sauer, PJ; Schoemaker, RC; van den Anker, JN; van der Heijden, BJ; Weber, A, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Twice daily dosage was preferred with adults (60." | ( Safety and efficacy of cefixime in treatment of respiratory tract infections in Germany. Hausen, T; Schmitt, J; Weidlich, G, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " An additional blood sample was taken at 24 h from the group dosed once a day." | ( Once-daily versus twice-daily administration of ceftazidime in the preterm infant. Broerse, HM; de Groot, R; Neijens, HJ; Schoemaker, RC; van den Anker, JN; van der Heijden, BJ, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " It is therefore possible to follow the pharmacokinetics of CTX in urine within a 12 h dosing interval." | ( NONMEM analysis in determining the tri-exponential disposition of cefotaxime: a method of evaluating serum and urinary phase I data. Harnisch, L; Mendes, P; Rokitta, C; Weber, W; Zimmer, M, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Drug resistance was determined by using break-points, which consider the dosage regimen and pharmacokinetics of the veterinary antimicrobials investigated." | ( In vitro efficacy of cefquinome (INN) and other anti-infective drugs against bovine bacterial isolates from Belgium, France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Böttner, A; Humke, R; Schmid, P, 1995) | 0.29 |
| "] serum concentrations to establish a proper multiple dosage regimen were 52." | ( Disposition kinetics and bioavailability of piperacillin and cephapirin in mares. el-Komy, AA, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Based on indication, it was determined that a significant number of patients receiving a twice-daily dosing should receive once-daily dosing." | ( Pharmacoeconomic impact of a drug use evaluation of ceftriaxone in an acute-care medical center. McCall, CY; Wade, WE, ) | 0.13 |
| " Cefetamet pivoxil is a new oral cephalosporin with a twice daily dosage and striking stability against beta-lactamases." | ( Cefetamet pivoxil in the treatment of pharyngotonsillitis due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococci: preliminary report. Brighi, L; Gervaix, A; Halpérin, DS; Suter, S, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Although resuscitation leads to volume loading and fluid shifts, drug dosing and dosing intervals are often not altered to account for changes in total body volume or circulatory volume." | ( Ceftizoxime use in trauma celiotomy: pharmacokinetics and patient outcomes. Albrink, MH; Dillon, KR; Kurto, HA; Rosemurgy, AS, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Subsequent dosing with 5-FU induced lethal septicaemia caused by the inoculated strains in most of these mice, whereas CY did not regularly induce septicaemia." | ( Experimental endogenous septicaemia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in mice. Furuya, N; Hirakata, Y; Matsumoto, T; Tateda, K; Yamaguchi, K, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Dosage adjustment is warranted for patients with renal insufficiency but not hepatic dysfunction." | ( The pharmacokinetic profile of a new generation of parenteral cephalosporin. Rybak, M, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Cefepime dosing was 1-4 g/day (0." | ( Safety of cefepime: a new extended-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin. Neu, HC, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " In patients given only metronidazole, the likelihood of infection rose as the density of bacteria in the wound increased according to a sigmoid dose-response curve (5." | ( Dipslide culture in colonic surgery: a tool for assessment of surgical performance and a guide to antibiotic use. Claesson, BE; Filipsson, S; Holmlund, DE, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " These results indicate that the dosage regimen of CAZ should be adjusted after the first week of life except in infants who were postnatally exposed to indomethacin." | ( Ceftazidime pharmacokinetics in preterm infants: effect of postnatal age and postnatal exposure to indomethacin. de Groot, R; Hop, WC; Neijens, HJ; Schoemaker, RC; van den Anker, JN; van der Heijden, BJ, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Simulated pediatric dosage regimens and target peak concentrations in the central compartment were as follows: penicillin V-potassium, 26 mg/kg of body weight every 6 h (q6h) and 14 micrograms/ml; cefaclor, 13." | ( Bactericidal activities of cefprozil, penicillin, cefaclor, cefixime, and loracarbef against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model. Cappelletty, DM; Rybak, MJ, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Plasma and MEF collected at 2, 4, 6, or 12 h after at least 3 days of dosing were analyzed for ceftibuten by a high-pressure liquid chromatography method, and the data were used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters." | ( Penetration of ceftibuten into middle ear fluid. Kumari, P; Lin, C; Perrotta, RJ; Reidenberg, BE, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "To characterize the in vitro effectiveness of once-daily dosing with cefpodoxime against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, an in vitro pharmacodynamic chamber model was used to compare the bacterial killing activities of three cefpodoxime regimens: 100 mg twice daily (BID), 200 mg once daily (QD), and 400 mg QD." | ( Activity of once-daily cefpodoxime regimens against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae with an in vitro pharmacodynamic chamber model. Eiland, JE; Garrison, MW; Malone, CL, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Higher levels are likely to be achieved with multiple dosing and in the presence of inflamed meninges." | ( Diffusion of 3-quaternary ammonium cephem antibiotics into cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis. Modai, J, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " These data show synergistic bactericidal activity of both new extended cephalosporins combined with AKN, GTN or CIP at concentrations achievable in biological fluid with adaptative dosage regimen." | ( [Kinetics of bactericidal activity of cefepime and cefpirome alone or combined with gentamicin, amikacin or ciprofloxacin against Acinetobacter baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Enterobacter cloacae hyperproductive in cephalosporinase]. Elkhaïli, H; Jehl, F; Kamili, N; Linger, L; Monteil, H; Pompei, D, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "To assess the pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin in combination with another antibiotic in Gram-positive infections in pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation and to determine the most appropriate dosage regimen for this type of patient." | ( Teicoplanin pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients. Dufort, G; Olivé, T; Ortega, JJ; Ventura, C, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " In Group A (n = 9) the dosage regimen consisted of 3 loading doses of 10 mg/kg at 12-h intervals, followed by a maintenance dosage of 10 mg/kg/day." | ( Teicoplanin pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients. Dufort, G; Olivé, T; Ortega, JJ; Ventura, C, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " We compared the serum bactericidal titers (SBTs) of ceftazidime given by continuous infusion (CI) or by intermittent bolus dosing (BD) against two clinical isolates each of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli to determine if CI would allow lower daily dosing while still providing equal bactericidal activity compared with BD." | ( Serum bactericidal activity of ceftazidime: continuous infusion versus intermittent injections. Banevicius, MA; Fu, Q; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " In conclusion, cefazolin and ceftizoxime appear to be equivalent for the prevention of infection in biliary tract surgery with the dosage regimens studied." | ( Double-blind comparison of cefazolin and ceftizoxime for prophylaxis against infections following elective biliary tract surgery. Chow, A; Danforth, D; Frighetto, L; Jewesson, PJ; Nickoloff, D; Schwartz, L; Scudamore, C; Sleigh, K; Smith, J; Stiver, G; Wai, A, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " In conclusion, with the exception of the staphylococci, both XNL and DXNL were highly active against the organisms tested, with MICs for both compounds several fold lower than plasma levels achieved during dosing of XNL." | ( In vitro activity of ceftiofur and its primary metabolite, desfuroylceftiofur, against organisms of veterinary importance. Salmon, SA; Watts, JL; Yancey, RJ, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " The results of the determination of these antibiotics in mixtures of injectable dosage forms are also presented, together with their determinations in physiological serum and glucosed physiological serum." | ( Analysis of binary mixtures of cephalothin and cefoxitin by using first-derivative spectrophotometry. García, LF; Lemus, JM; Murillo, JA, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "To present a systematic evaluation of the are under the inhibitory curve (AUIC) approach for the optimization of antibiotic dosing schedules for three major antibiotic classes (beta-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides)." | ( AUIC--a general target for the optimization of dosing regimens of antibiotics? Dalla Costa, T; Derendorf, H, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Moreover, a specific equation is derived for the situation that results in a trough concentration at the end of the dosing interval equal to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)." | ( AUIC--a general target for the optimization of dosing regimens of antibiotics? Dalla Costa, T; Derendorf, H, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "It does not seem valid to accept the proposed breakpoint AUIC target of at least 125 as an applicable value for determining the appropriate dosing schedule of these classes of antibiotics." | ( AUIC--a general target for the optimization of dosing regimens of antibiotics? Dalla Costa, T; Derendorf, H, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "01 mg/L) the minimum dosage tested achieving significant cure was 2 mg/kg for amoxycillin, co-amoxiclav and cefotaxime." | ( Correlation of in-vitro activity and pharmacokinetic parameters with in-vivo effect of amoxycillin, co-amoxiclav and cefotaxime in a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia. Nieto, E; Parra, A; Ponte, C; Soriano, F, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Yield increases have been achieved by increasing the dosage of the biosynthetic genes cefEF (deacetoxycephalosporin C expandase/hydroxylase) and cefG (deacetylcephalosporin C acetyltransferase) or enhancing the oxygen uptake by expressing a bacterial oxygen-binding heme protein (Vitreoscilla hemoglobin)." | ( Recombinant Acremonium chrysogenum strains for the industrial production of cephalosporin. Barredo, JL; Díez, B; Fouces, R; Mellado, E; Rodríguez, M, 1996) | 0.51 |
| " Anti-microbial activity against a wide spectrum of organisms and twice daily dosage schedule qualify Cefoperazone as a single antibiotic of choice in severe infections in critically ill patients." | ( Cefoperazone monotherapy for serious infections in hospitalized patients--an initial Indian experience. Deshpande, AK; Kaundinya, DV; Shah, SS, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " The satisfactory intravenous dosage regimen of cephalexin for calves would be 11." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cephalexin in calves after intravenous and subcutaneous administration. Chaudhary, RK; Garg, SK; Srivastava, AK, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "It is not necessary to give cefazolin at a dosing interval of less than 4 hours with blood losses of up to 1200 mL." | ( The effect of intraoperative blood loss on serum cefazolin level in patients undergoing instrumented spinal fusion. A prospective, controlled study. Asplund, L; Brueckner, R; Meter, JJ; Polly, DW; van Dam, BE, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " The once-daily dosing schedule for ceftibuten therapy may aid patient compliance, particularly in the pediatric population." | ( Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of once-daily ceftibuten and twice-daily cefprozil in the treatment of children with acute otitis media. Blumer, JL; Forti, WP; Summerhouse, TL, ) | 0.13 |
| " The dosing schedule for both treatment groups was 1 to 2 drops of the first study medication (ciprofloxacin or fortified tobramycin) every 30 minutes for 6 hours, then hourly for the remainder of day 1; 1 to 2 drops every hour on days 2 and 3; 1 to 2 drops every 2 hours on days 4 and 5, followed by 1 to 2 drops every 4 hours on days 6 to 14." | ( Comparison of ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.3% to fortified tobramycin-cefazolin in treating bacterial corneal ulcers. Ciprofloxacin Bacterial Keratitis Study Group. Adenis, JP; Badrinath, SS; Caldwell, DR; Eiferman, RA; Hyndiuk, RA; Katz, HR; Klauss, V; Reddy, MK; Rosenwasser, GO; Santos, CI, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " To date, apart from anecdotal case reports or studies involving a very limited number of patients, few data regarding the dosing and usage of medications in neonates and paediatric patients are available in the literature." | ( [Development of a practical guide for utilization of injectable drugs in neonatology and in pediatrics]. Bressolle, F; Courrege, C; Kinowski, JM; Poujol, H; Veillet, B, ) | 0.13 |
| " Inspection of the concentration versus time data after intraperitoneal dosing demonstrated that serum ceftazidime concentrations reached therapeutic (> 8 micrograms/mL) levels within 30 min and remained in the therapeutic range for the entire 24-h period." | ( Disposition and bioavailability of ceftazidime after intraperitoneal administration in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Bachelor, T; Bolton, WK; Cooper, M; de Souza, P; Koenig, K; Stea, S, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " bolus dosing were determined by reverse phase HPLC." | ( The disposition of five therapeutically important antimicrobial agents in llamas. Christensen, JM; Hollingshead, N; Murdane, SB; Smith, BB, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " In the present study we determined whether synergism between tobramycin and ceftazidime can be found at declining concentrations below the MIC, and whether change in dosing sequence of the antibiotics would result in differences in killing." | ( Synergism between tobramycin and ceftazidime against a resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain, tested in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model. den Hollander, JG; Horrevorts, AM; Mouton, JW; van Goor, ML; Verbrugh, HA, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "The removal rate of a drug by a hemodialyzer is very important to determine the dosage of the drug to a patient without kidney function." | ( Mass transfer of antibiotics adsorbed by human serum albumin in hemodialyzers. Kanamori, T; Sakai, K; Takeshita, T, ) | 0.13 |
| "Cefpirome is a cephalosporin eliminated primarily by kidneys that requires dosage reduction in patients with renal failure." | ( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of cefpirome in long-term hemodialysis with high-flux membranes. Atteneder, M; Breyer, S; Burgmann, H; Elmenyawi, I; Georgopoulos, A; Graninger, W; Hollenstein, U; Hörl, WH; Mayer, G; Putz, D; Rosenkranz, AR; Schmaldienst, S; Thalhammer, F, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Group 1 calves were dosed at 7 days of age and at 1 and 3 months of age; group 2 calves were dosed at 6 and 9 months of age." | ( Effects of age on the pharmacokinetics of single dose ceftiofur sodium administered intramuscularly or intravenously to cattle. Brown, SA; Chester, ST; Robb, EJ, 1996) | 0.29 |
| "Reductions of frequency of administration and dosage of antibiotic agents used in colorectal surgery may lower costs and the occurrence of adverse side effects." | ( Low-dose, single-shot perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in colorectal surgery. Peiper, C; Schumpelick, V; Seelig, M; Treutner, KH, ) | 0.13 |
| "The comparative bioavailability of ceftibuten, a new third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic given orally once daily, in capsule and suspension dosage forms, was assessed in healthy male subjects." | ( Comparative bioavailability of ceftibuten in capsule and suspension forms. Affrime, M; Cayen, MN; Colucci, R; Lim, J; Lin, CC; Radwanski, E, ) | 0.13 |
| " It may be important to take the PAE into account when evaluating dosing intervals." | ( Postantibiotic effect of ceftriaxone and gentamicin alone and in combination on Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus viridans. Buxbaum, A; Georgopoulos, A, ) | 0.13 |
| " All patients received cefaclor, as prophylaxis, at the dosage of 10-20 mg/kg/die, administrated as a single bedtime dose." | ( [Non-comparative open study of the efficacy and tolerance of cefaclor in the prevention of urinary tract infections in children]. Danti, A; Materassi, M; Seracini, D, ) | 0.13 |
| "An in-vitro dialysis model was employed to assess the feasibility of once-daily dosing of cefodizime in the treatment of infections caused by various Enterobacteriaceae: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Serratia marcescens, Providencia stuartii and Enterobacter cloacae." | ( Bactericidal activity of cefodizime on Enterobacteriaceae in an in-vitro model simulating plasma pharmacokinetics in humans. Bryskier, A; Duez, JM; Kazmierczak, A; Neuwirth, C; Péchinot, A, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Retrospective and post-marketing studies also reveal the similar efficacy of cefotaxime administered twice and 3 times daily, and pharmacoeconomic studies suggest that total direct costs of treatment with cefotaxime compared is similar to that with other third generation cephalosporins in currently used dosage regimens." | ( Cefotaxime. A reappraisal of its antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic properties, and a review of its therapeutic efficacy when administered twice daily for the treatment of mild to moderate infections. Brogden, RN; Spencer, CM, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Application of these models will eventually provide us with parameters which can be used for further dosage optimization." | ( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of activity of ceftazidime during continuous and intermittent infusion. Mouton, JW; Punt, NC; Vinks, AA, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Renal dysfunction is significantly more frequent in cirrhotic patients treated with netilmicin but with careful attention to dosage and fluid management the clinical effect is likely to be relatively modest." | ( A prospective randomized trial of ceftazidime versus netilmicin plus mezlocillin in the empirical therapy of presumed sepsis in cirrhotic patients. Burroughs, AK; Chin, JK; Greenslade, L; Kibbler, CC; McCormick, PA; McIntyre, N, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Because the frequency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is low in many centers, there is a rationale to test other antibiotic regimens that provide appropriate antibacterial coverage with the advantage of reduced dosing frequency, such as once daily ceftriaxone plus amikacin." | ( Once daily ceftriaxone plus amikacin vs. three times daily ceftazidime plus amikacin for treatment of febrile neutropenic children with cancer. Writing Committee for the International Collaboration on Antimicrobial Treatment of Febrile Neutropenia in Chil Charnas, R; Lüthi, AR; Ruch, W, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "In designing the dosage regimen of antibiotics including beta-lactams in the field of pediatrics, the choice of adequate drugs, as well as the dosage and the number of administrations have not been performed exactly." | ( Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in children. Toyonaga, Y, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Therefore, the same dose per unit time as that for children (including infants) needs to be administered to neonates at dosing intervals that may be prolonged according to renal function." | ( Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in neonates. Sato, Y, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " This novel information may be useful for the rational development of dosage schedules and may improve predictions regarding therapeutic outcome." | ( Characterization of peripheral-compartment kinetics of antibiotics by in vivo microdialysis in humans. Agneter, E; Burgdorff, T; Eichler, HG; Georgopoulos, A; Haag, O; Jansen, B; Müller, M; Pehamberger, H; Stanek, G; Weninger, W, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " The duration of SBTs and T > MIC for both antimicrobial agents exceeded 50% of the dosing interval for all isolates." | ( Comparative serum bactericidal activities of ceftizoxime and cefotaxime against intermediately penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Patel, KB; Quintiliani, R, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " With CTX, a high dosage of 400 mg/kg (dose/MIC ratio, 100 or 50) administered every 8 h (TID) was needed to protect 66 and 75% of the animals, respectively, with no statistically significant differences versus CRO." | ( Efficacies of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone in a mouse model of pneumonia induced by two penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Azoulay-Dupuis, E; Bédos, JP; Carbon, C; Darras-Joly, C; Moine, P; Rieux, V; Sauve, C, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " pneumoniae may be highly dependent on dosing regimens, even for a specific organism and site of infection." | ( Efficacies of piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime in rats with experimental intra-abdominal abscesses due to an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Eliopoulos, GM; Moellering, RC; Thauvin-Eliopoulos, C; Tripodi, MF, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Two dosage forms (tablets and granules) have been developed for oral administration." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two oral forms of cefuroxime axetil. Chiche, D; Drugeon, HB; Garraffo, R, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " The less frequent dosing schedule of cefpodoxime (bd) compared with cefaclor (tds) appears to be more convenient for the treatment of the infections in children." | ( Cefpodoxime proxetil suspension compared with cefaclor suspension for treatment of acute otitis media in paediatric patients. Barreto, DG; de la Torre, C; del Castillo, F; MacLoughlin, GJ; Palma, L; Pinetta, EA, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Two randomized, investigator-blind, multicenter trials (one in the United States and one in Europe) compared two dosage regimens of cefdinir (600 mg once a day for 10 days and 300 mg twice a day for 10 days) to amoxicillin-clavulanate (A-C) (500 mg three times a day for 10 days) for adult and adolescent patients with ACABS." | ( Comparative effectiveness and safety of cefdinir and amoxicillin-clavulanate in treatment of acute community-acquired bacterial sinusitis. Cefdinir Sinusitis Study Group. Gwaltney, JM; Keyserling, C; Leigh, A; Rivas, P; Savolainen, S; Scheld, WM; Schenk, P; Sydnor, A; Tack, KJ, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Both drugs were administered twice at a dosage of 40 mg/kg of body weight (pre- and intraoperative)." | ( Prospective randomized comparison of cefodizime versus cefuroxime for perioperative prophylaxis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Bartunek, A; Graninger, W; Hiesmayr, M; Parschalk, B; Pernerstorfer, T; Wenisch, C; Zedtwitz-Liebenstein, K, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Knowledge of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of cefotaxime supports the view that low dose (1-2 g), low frequency (12-hourly) dosage regimens are applicable to many mild-to-moderately severe infections, including community-acquired pneumonia, caused by susceptible organisms." | ( The use of cefotaxime for the treatment of common infections: in vitro, pharmacokinetic and clinical considerations. Bouza, E; Lode, H; Mouton, Y; Wilson, WR, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Elimination occurs primarily through the kidneys, requiring dosage adjustments to be made when creatinine clearance falls below 50 ml/minute." | ( Ceftibuten: an overview. Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Owens, RC, ) | 0.13 |
| " All the data have been calculated for the highest recommended oral dosage in France." | ( Choice of an oral beta-lactam antibiotic for infections due to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Goldstein, FW, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " These pharmacokinetic data support a single cefepime dosing strategy for patients > or =2 months of age." | ( Pharmacokinetics of intravenously and intramuscularly administered cefepime in infants and children. Blumer, JL; Knupp, CK; Reed, MD; Veazey, JM; Yamashita, TS, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Particular emphasis is based on selection factors such as causative pathogens and their resistance profiles, routes of administration, toxicity, drug interactions, and dosing requirements." | ( Antimicrobial agents for the dermatologist. I. Beta-lactam antibiotics and related compounds. Amodio-Groton, M; Epstein, ME; Sadick, NS, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "Cefuroxime axetil (CA) was encapsulated in pH-sensitive acrylic microspheres in order to formulate a suspension dosage form." | ( Development of a microencapsulated form of cefuroxime axetil using pH-sensitive acrylic polymers. Alonso, MJ; Cuña, M; Lorenzo-Lamosa, ML; Torres, D; Vila-Jato, JL, ) | 0.13 |
| " For the six dosage regimens used in this study, the killing activities were similar and resulted in at least 4 log decrease at 6 h after drug exposure." | ( [In vivo pharmacokinetic of amikacin and its pharmacodynamic in combination with cefepime, cefpirome and meropenem in an in vitro/ex vivo micropig model]. Elkhaïli, H; Jehl, F; Levêque, D; Linger, L; Monteil, H; Niedergang, S; Peter, JD; Pompei, D; Salmon, J; Salmon, Y; Thierry, RC, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " aeruginosa, the CPO-AG combination is bactericidal at concentrations achievable with standard dosing regimens in man." | ( [Evaluation of bactericidal activity of cefpirome-aminoglycoside combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with intermediate sensitivity to cefpirome and in various phenotypes of beta-lactam resistance]. Canis, F; Cavallo, JD; Husson, MO, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "Ceftibuten is an alternative to other antimicrobial agents with convenient once-daily dosing in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections." | ( Ceftibuten: a new expanded-spectrum oral cephalosporin. Guay, DR, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " The recommended dosing regimen is based on pharmacokinetic data obtained in healthy volunteers and may not be appropriate in the critically ill." | ( Intermittent bolus dosing of ceftazidime in critically ill patients. Gin, T; Gomersall, CD; Joynt, GM; Lipman, J; Oh, TE; Young, RJ, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Three patients were treated with intravenous acyclovir with concomitant reduction of steroid dosage and recovered completely." | ( Management of varicella infection during the course of inflammatory bowel disease. Balasubramanian, S; Giannadaki, E; Greenstein, AJ; Manousos, ON; Mouzas, IA; Sachar, DB, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " If varicella infection occurs, prompt diagnosis and treatment with acyclovir and concomitant reduction in immunosuppressive therapy (reduction in steroid dosage and discontinuation of azathioprine) should be initiated immediately to limit viremia and avoid fatal complications." | ( Management of varicella infection during the course of inflammatory bowel disease. Balasubramanian, S; Giannadaki, E; Greenstein, AJ; Manousos, ON; Mouzas, IA; Sachar, DB, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "Growth and development were monitored for up to 42 months in nine neonates to whom ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, was given in the neonatal period at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day." | ( The effects of a fluoroquinolone on the growth and development of infants. Balkan, E; Doğruyol, H; Gürpinar, AN; Kiliç, N; Kiriştioğlu, I, ) | 0.13 |
| " Clinical trials show similar efficacy of the two formulations in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by these organisms, but for this indication a 7-day regimen may be used with the extended-release 500-mg formulation compared with a 10-day dosing regimen with the 250-mg capsule." | ( Pharmacologic and clinical comparison of cefaclor in immediate-release capsule and extended-release tablet forms. Cole, P, ) | 0.13 |
| " For beta-lactams the most relevant pharmacokinetic index for clinical efficacy is the time for which serum concentrations exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the pathogen, which should be at least 40 to 50% of the dosing interval." | ( Concentration of cefuroxime in middle ear effusion of children with acute otitis media. Efthymiopoulos, C; Marr, C; Thorarinsson, H; Thoroddsen, E, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "0 microg/ml) for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis for at least 5 h (42%) of the 12-h dosing interval." | ( Concentration of cefuroxime in middle ear effusion of children with acute otitis media. Efthymiopoulos, C; Marr, C; Thorarinsson, H; Thoroddsen, E, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " Group A (n = 41) received cefixime at a dosage of 10 mg/kg to 12 mg/kg per day in two divided doses." | ( Cefixime: an oral option for the treatment of multidrug-resistant enteric fever in children. Billoo, AG; Memon, HI; Memon, IA, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "The purpose of this study was to compare once daily (To24) and thrice daily (To8) tobramycin dosing regimens alone and in combination with ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem against a clinical and ATCC strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." | ( Once versus thrice daily tobramycin alone and in combination with ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Hoban, DJ; Kabani, A; Karlowsky, JA; Zelenitsky, SA; Zhanel, GG, ) | 0.13 |
| " In conclusion, the findings of this study support the use of a bd dosing schedule of cefuroxime in a sequential therapy regimen with oral cefuroxime axetil, demonstrating it to be clinically equivalent to the standard tds dosage currently used, as well as being simpler and more convenient to administer at a lower cost." | ( Sequential therapy with cefuroxime followed by cefuroxime axetil in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Droszcz, W; Marr, C; Reisenberg, K; Staley, H; Vogel, F; Vondra, V, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " The dosage of beta-lactamase during the exponential growth phase has revealed that the strain BS3 produces a maximal amount of this enzyme." | ( [Thermophilic bacteria resistant to antibiotics in traditional public baths]. Filali, FR; Frere, JM; Zaid, A; Zekhnini, Z, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " The analysis indicated that bovine milk collected 32 h after dosing with ceftiofur was above the FDA tolerance of 50 ppb, while milk collected 48 h after dosing was found to contain 24-31 ppb of ceftiofur." | ( Quantitative determination of ceftiofur in milk by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. Keever, J; Tyczkowska, KL; Voyksner, RD, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Patient compliance is essential for successful therapy but diminishes with inconvenient dosing schedules and with poorly tolerated medicines." | ( What new antibiotics to offer in the outpatient setting. Fraser, KL; Grossman, RF, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "6% of dose within 6 hours after dosing in the patient aged 5 days." | ( [Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on cefozopran in neonates]. Abe, T; Funamoto, N; Hashira, S; Kawaoi, Y; Kondoh, Y; Nagai, S; Nakazato, Y; Nishimura, S; Sugimori, S; Sugiura, M; Tajima, T; Yoshimura, K, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " For drugs such as the aminoglycosides included here, recent information has provided us with updated dosage guidelines." | ( Antibacterial drug therapy. Focus on new drugs. Papich, MG, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " We studied various tobramycin and ceftazidime dosing regimens against four resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model to determine the usability of combination therapy for the treatment of infections due to resistant bacterial strains." | ( Use of pharmacodynamic parameters to predict efficacy of combination therapy by using fractional inhibitory concentration kinetics. den Hollander, JG; Mouton, JW; Verbrugh, HA, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "Experimental studies have shown that cephalosporins have an antibacterial effect in vivo even when their levels are above MIC for only 40-50% of dosing intervals, whereas maximum killing is obtained when concentrations are above MIC for 60-70% of the time." | ( [Correlation between pulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics support the hypothesis of the usefulness of ceftazidime at a single 1g daily dose in the treatment of bacterial exacerbation of chronic obstructive bronchopneumonia with moderate functio Berra, A; Califano, C; Cazzola, M; Di Perna, F; Noschese, P; Vinciguerra, A, ) | 0.13 |
| "This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of once-daily dosing with either roxithromycin or cefixime in previously healthy adult patients aged between 18 and 60 with markers of uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in three outpatient clinics in an open, randomized study." | ( Comparison of roxithromycin with cefixime in the treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Fachinelli, H; Kijanczuk, S; Mingrone, H; Salvarezza, CR, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Based on its twice-a-day dosage and shorter course of therapy, leading to potentially greater patient compliance, cefdinir may be considered for use in the treatment of pharyngitis caused by GABHS." | ( Five-day cefdinir treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis. Cefdinir Pharyngitis Study Group. Brink, DN; Gooch, WM; Henry, DC; Keyserling, CH; Tack, KJ, 1998) | 0.3 |
| ") dosing (cockatiels and Amazon parrots)." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium in exotic and domestic avian species. Caputo, J; Craigmill, A; Harrenstien, L; Hoffman, G; Nappier, J; Needham, M; Tell, L; Wetzlich, S, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The clinical and bacteriological efficacies and pharmacokinetic properties of both the dosage forms were estimated." | ( [Stepwise therapy of community-acquired pneumonia. Results of cefuroxime and cefuroxime axetil study]. Dvoretskiĭ, LI; Iakovlev, SV; Shakhova, TV; Suvorova, MP; Vlasenko, NA, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The method is found to be reproducible and convenient for the quantitative analysis of cephalexin and cefaclor in its dosage forms." | ( HPTLC assay of cephalexin and cefaclor in pharmaceuticals. Agbaba, D; Eric, S; Vladimirov, S; Zivanov Stakic, D, ) | 0.13 |
| " Logarithmic-phase cultures were exposed to peak concentrations achieved in serum with 1- or 2-g intravenous doses, elimination pharmacokinetics were simulated, and viable bacterial counts were measured over three 8-h dosing intervals." | ( Cefepime-aztreonam: a unique double beta-lactam combination for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lister, PD; Sanders, CC; Sanders, WE, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Cefdinir was given orally to each patient in a dose of 100 mg, and blood was collected serially for 48 h after dosing in the test without dialysis and for 72 h in the test with dialysis." | ( Pharmacokinetic study of an oral cephalosporin, cefdinir, in hemodialysis patients. Hishida, A; Kanamaru, M; Kitada, A; Nagashima, S; Obara, M; Ohishi, K, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The serum concentrations of cefuroxime were found to be above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae for 100% of the dosing interval and 42% of the time for intermediate-resistant strains." | ( Measuring antibiotic levels in otitis media. Thoroddsen, E, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " We have produced a murine model of haematogenous pneumococcal meningitis and have examined its usefulness for determining the required dosage and term of antimicrobial agents." | ( Therapeutic efficacy of cefozopran in a murine model of haematogenous pneumococcal meningitis. Hiroe, K; Iizawa, Y; Nakao, M; Okonogi, K, ) | 0.13 |
| " Alternate antibiotics may be equally effective and allow similar dosing in the chronic hemodialysis population." | ( Cefazolin in chronic hemodialysis patients: a safe, effective alternative to vancomycin. Feintzeig, ID; Fogel, MA; Gavin, JP; Hunt, WA; Kim, RC; Nussbaum, PB, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Parenteral administration may pose considerable logistic and financial burdens, whereas daily intraperitoneal dosing increases the risk of contamination." | ( Intermittent intraperitoneal ceftazidime dosing in end-stage renal disease. Dumler, F; Gottschling, L; Umstead, G; Wilson, JM, ) | 0.13 |
| " While T > MIC has a role in determining outcomes, the proportion of the dosing interval for which serum drug concentrations should exceed the pathogen MIC is less than for other beta-lactams." | ( Continuous infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics. Bowker, KE; MacGowan, AP, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "The use of Sodium-Ceftiofur (Excenel) with a dosage regimen of 1 mg/kg body mass intramuscularly was evaluated in the therapy of complicated claw diseases, like septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint, septic tenosynovitis of the digital flexor tendon sheath or complicated interdigital necrosis." | ( [Use of sodium ceftiofur in the combined therapy of complicated septic diseases in cattle]. Kofler, J; Stanek, C, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The T > MIC was 100% in the central chamber except for the regimen in which cefepime was administered every 12 h and the CLCR was 90 ml/min, which provided concentrations above the MIC for 92% of the dosing interval against the C31 (mucoid; MIC of cefepime, 4 microg/ml) isolate and for 75% of the interval against the C34 (nonmucoid; MIC of cefepime, 8 microg/ml) isolate." | ( Evaluation of several dosing regimens of cefepime, with various simulations of renal function, against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a pharmacodynamic infection model. Cappelletty, DM, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "In order to make informed dosage recommendations for patients receiving artificial renal support, cefpirome loss from human blood has been quantified using in vitro models of continuous haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration." | ( Use of in vitro models of haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration to estimate dosage regimens for critically ill patients prescribed cefpirome. Davies, JG; Kingswood, C; Olliff, CJ; Phillips, GJ; Street, M, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "The information generated can be used to estimate a dosing regimen for intensive care patients prescribed cefpirome and receiving continuous renal replacement therapy." | ( Use of in vitro models of haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration to estimate dosage regimens for critically ill patients prescribed cefpirome. Davies, JG; Kingswood, C; Olliff, CJ; Phillips, GJ; Street, M, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " dosing of ceftazidime achieves serum and dialysate levels greater than the MIC of sensitive organisms over 48 hours." | ( Pharmacokinetics of intermittent intraperitoneal ceftazidime. Bailie, GR; Eisele, G; Frye, RF; Grabe, DW, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Results showed that SBA was maintained for 100% of the dosing interval for clarithromycin and 50-100% for azithromycin regardless of PCN susceptibility when standard doses were employed." | ( Comparison of bactericidal activity after multidose administration of clarithromycin, azithromycin, and ceruroxime axetil against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Lacy, MK; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Owens, RC; Quintiliani, R; Xu, X, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The method was found to be reproducible and convenient for quantitative analysis of ceftriaxone, cefixime and cefotaxime in their raw materials and their dosage forms." | ( HPTLC determination of ceftriaxone, cefixime and cefotaxime in dosage forms. Agbaba, D; Eric-Jovanovic, S; Vladimirov, S; Zivanov-Stakic, D, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The spectrophotometric and the atomic absorption spectrometric procedures hold well their accuracy and precision when applied to the analysis of cefotaxime sodium and cefuroxime sodium dosage forms." | ( Spectrophotometric and atomic absorption spectrometric determination of certain cephalosporins. Abdellatef, HE; Ayad, MM; Elsaid, HM; Shalaby, AA, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Several issues should be considered when alternative antibiotics are selected to treat amoxicillin failures, such as the most likely pathogens with their susceptibility patterns, and antibiotic issues including clinical efficacy for specific pathogens, adverse reactions, palatability, dosing schedules, and cost." | ( Strategies for dealing with amoxicillin failure in acute otitis media. Block, SL, ) | 0.13 |
| " To gain further evidence using this updated dosing schedule, 258 pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infections were treated with cefotaxime 100 mg/kg/day, administered as a twice daily or three times daily regimen." | ( Clinical and pharmacological evaluation of a modified cefotaxime bid regimen versus traditional tid in pediatric lower respiratory tract infections. Bellosta, C; Boccazzi, A; Careddu, P; Tonelli, P, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Effective bactericidal titers were detected as long as 5 h for cefepime (approximately 40% of the dosing interval) and 3 h for cloxacillin (at least 50% of the dosing interval)." | ( Comparison of ex-vivo serum bactericidal activity of cefepime, ceftazidime and cloxacillin against Staphylococcus aureus. Asherov, J; Dan, M; Poch, F, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " probenecid); decreasing the dosage interval; increasing the dose; infusing continuously rather than by bolus; and choosing an agent with a prolonged elimination half-life." | ( Choosing between the new cephalosporin antibiotics: a pharmacodynamic approach. Nicolau, DP; Quintiliani, R, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " With cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefuroxime, and with ceftriaxone at the lower dosage given by bolus intravenous (IV) injection, the labour component of hidden costs exceeded the consumables/waste component." | ( An assessment of the hidden and total antibiotic costs of four parenteral cephalosporins. Barr, JG; Hogg, GM; O'Neill, CA; Smyth, ET, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Although cefotaxime was traditionally administered at 6- or 8-hourly intervals, evaluations of twice daily regimens have demonstrated the feasibility of using this extended dosage interval in selected patients." | ( Cefotaxime. A pharmacoeconomic review of its use in the treatment of infections. Benfield, P; Foster, RH; Plosker, GL, 1998) | 0.3 |
| "To investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of intermittent intraperitoneal (IP) cefazolin, and recommend a cefazolin dosing regimen in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients." | ( Pharmacokinetics of intermittent intraperitoneal cefazolin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Asher, RD; Bailie, GR; Eisele, G; Frye, RF; Manley, HJ, ) | 0.13 |
| "A single daily dose of cefazolin dosed at 15 mg/kg actual body weight in CAPD patients is effective in achieving serum concentration levels greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration for sensitive organisms over 48 hours, and dialysate concentration levels over 24 hours." | ( Pharmacokinetics of intermittent intraperitoneal cefazolin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Asher, RD; Bailie, GR; Eisele, G; Frye, RF; Manley, HJ, ) | 0.13 |
| " Therefore, it could be concluded that, though the cases of evaluation were small in number, adjustment of dosing of CZOP is necessary, particularly in prolongation of intervals of administration, in cases of postnatal age of 1 day or less." | ( [Pharmacokinetic analysis of cefozopran in neonatal infections--population pharmacokinetics using nonmem]. Fujii, R; Hiramatsu, N; Hishikawa, T; Hujimaki, T; Kuwahara, M; Nagasaki, M; Sagara, Y; Sakurai, Y, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " In the 3 mg/kg dosage study, average maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) after administration of ceftiofur sodium was 15." | ( Comparison of plasma pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ceftiofur sodium and ceftiofur hydrochloride in pigs after a single intramuscular injection. Brown, SA; Callahan, JK; Hamlow, PJ; Hanson, BJ; Hubbard, VL; Kausche, FM; Mignot, A; Millérioux, L, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Middle ear fluid was extracted by tympanocentesis 4, 12 and 24 h after dosing and divided into two fractions: with cells (as collected) (C+) and cell-free (C-)." | ( Interpretation of middle ear fluid concentrations of antibiotics: comparison between ceftibuten, cefixime and azithromycin. Arcidiacono, MM; Demartini, G; Dugnani, S; Fraschini, F; Pintucci, JP; Scaglione, F, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " The results of the drug-use review were presented to the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee where our proposal for an education campaign to encourage appropriate dosing of cefazolin was approved." | ( Effectiveness of a cephalosporin education program--a pharmacy education program. McSweeney, GW; Sohn, CA; Wolter, HA, 1980) | 0.26 |
| " Of the cefazolin orders, approximately 77% used an "every 6 hour" dosage interval." | ( Changing physician prescribing habits through a cost-effective first generation cephalosporin formulary. Cramer, R; Wright, C, 1989) | 0.28 |
| "To compare the efficacy of constant-infusion ceftazidime (CTZ) with that of traditional intermittent dosing in a pilot trial." | ( A pilot study of the efficacy of constant-infusion ceftazidime in the treatment of endobronchial infections in adults with cystic fibrosis. Bonapace, CR; Bosso, JA; Flume, PA; White, RL, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " With the exception of one patient who received 6 g/day with both regimens, the average reduction in dosage with the constant infusion was 50%." | ( A pilot study of the efficacy of constant-infusion ceftazidime in the treatment of endobronchial infections in adults with cystic fibrosis. Bonapace, CR; Bosso, JA; Flume, PA; White, RL, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Based on kinetic parameters, an appropriate dosage regimen of ceftriaxone in calves was calculated." | ( Disposition kinetics and dosage regimen of ceftriaxone in crossbred calves (short communication). Johal, B; Srivastava, AK, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " The results of the PA-SME studies, which may be the most clinically relevant pharmacodynamic parameter, confirm the appropriateness of the current once- or twice-daily dosing schedules despite the lack of PAE." | ( The post-exposure response of Enterobacteriaceae to ceftibuten. Gould, IM; MacKenzie, FM; Milne, KE, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Unlike IT dosing, CI cefepime alone or in combination with ODT optimizes bactericidal activity by maximizing the percent of the dosing interval that concentrations remained above the MIC resulting in undiminished bacterial inhibition when compared to IT regimens." | ( Pharmacodynamics of intermittent- and continuous-infusion cefepime alone and in combination with once-daily tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vitro infection model. Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Onyeji, CO; Tessier, PR, ) | 0.13 |
| " The model was used to predict serum concentrations using dosage regimens of 1 g or 50 mg/kg administered every six or eight hours in pediatric patients of various weights with pediatric pharmacokinetic parameters and 1 g every six or eight hours for adult patients with adult pharmacokinetic parameters." | ( Limiting cefotaxime pediatric dosing to adult standards: a pharmacokinetic simulation study. Dulaney Lopez, AM; Estes, KS; Lopez-Samblas, AM; Rodriguez, JC, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "The 50 mg/kg pediatric dosing regimens administered every 8 hours (q8h) or every 6 hours (q6h) consistently produced peak serum concentrations and area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) values higher than those in adults." | ( Limiting cefotaxime pediatric dosing to adult standards: a pharmacokinetic simulation study. Dulaney Lopez, AM; Estes, KS; Lopez-Samblas, AM; Rodriguez, JC, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "The results support the concept of limiting cefotaxime dosage regimens to 1 g administered every 6 or 8 hours for mild to moderate infections in children weighing more than 20 kg." | ( Limiting cefotaxime pediatric dosing to adult standards: a pharmacokinetic simulation study. Dulaney Lopez, AM; Estes, KS; Lopez-Samblas, AM; Rodriguez, JC, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Based on these results, CTRX dosed once daily to pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia is clinically and bacteriologically superior in usefulness." | ( [Clinical and bacteriological evaluation of ceftriaxone (CTRX) dosed once daily in children with community-acquired pneumonia]. Hoshiai, M; Ishihara, T; Kanemura, H; Kitano, M; Mitsui, Y; Ohno, R; Toyonaga, Y, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "No major pharmacokinetic modification was noted when cefpirome was given to trauma patients with posttraumatic SIRS without significant organ failure, indicating that no dosage adjustment seems required in this population." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefpirome during the posttraumatic systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Edouard, AR; Incagnoli, P; Jacolot, A; Mimoz, O; Petitjean, O; Samii, K; Tod, M, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "001) the differences between divided and single dosage regimens were not significant." | ( Pharmacodynamics of trovafloxacin in a mouse model of cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Friedland, IR; Ghaffar, F; Jafri, H; Lutsar, I; McCracken, GH; Ng, W; Wubbel, L, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " A greater number of infections were eradicated by levofloxacin than by cefuroxime axetil: infections were eradicated in 68% of patients receiving the 500 mg dosage and in 63% of those taking 250 mg levofloxacin, whereas the eradication rate with the comparator drug was much lower (48%)." | ( Clinical effectiveness of levofloxacin in patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: the relationship with in-vitro activity. Davies, BI; Maesen, FP, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " ceftriaxone 1 g once daily is as effective as standard therapy in the treatment of LRTI and that its use reduces treatment costs, in view of the multiple daily dosing regimens of most standard therapies." | ( A randomised, multicentre study of ceftriaxone versus standard therapy in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. Bunnik, MC; de Klerk, GJ; Dofferhof, AS; Geraedts, WH; Hensing, CA; Hoepelman, AI; Jaspers, CA; Lobatto, S; Melis, JH; Van Den Berg, J; van Steijn, JH; van Veldhuizen, WC, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Its pharmacokinetic properties indicate that an 8-hourly dosing schedule is appropriate." | ( Cefaclor into the millennium. Brumfitt, W; Hamilton-Miller, JM, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Adult Thai patients with suspected acute, severe melioidosis were randomized to receive either imipenem, at a dosage of 50 mg/(kg x d), or ceftazidime, at a dosage of 120 mg/(kg x d), for a minimum of 10 days." | ( Comparison of imipenem and ceftazidime as therapy for severe melioidosis. Angus, BJ; Chaowagul, W; Howe, PA; Rajanuwong, A; Simpson, AJ; Smith, MD; Suputtamongkol, Y; Walsh, AL; White, NJ; Wuthiekanun, V, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " The less dosing frequency and lower daily price of cefpodoxime provide additional benefits." | ( Comparison of once daily cefpodoxime proxetil suspension and thrice daily cefaclor suspension in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. Chiu, HH; Chiu, TF; Hsueh, PR; Huang, LM; Lee, CY; Lee, PI; Lin, HC; Lu, CY; Tsai, HY, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Computer simulations predicted that continuous infusion and shorter dosing intervals would increase trough levels." | ( Low plasma cefepime levels in critically ill septic patients: pharmacokinetic modeling indicates improved troughs with revised dosing. Lipman, J; Rickard, C; Wallis, SC, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "The effect of endotoxin-induced fever on the pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of cefuroxime was investigated in buffalo calves following a single intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg body weight." | ( Modification of the pharmacokinetics and dosage of cefuroxime by endotoxin-induced fever in buffalo calves. Chaudhary, RK; Rampal, S; Srivastava, AK, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "Twenty subjects, selected for surgery because of chronic rhinosinusitis, were randomly allocated to receive either a short (3-8 d) or a long (9-14 d) preoperative treatment regime with 500 mg cefuroxime axetil BID, the last dosage being taken 3 to 4 hours before surgery." | ( Penetration of cefuroxime into chronically inflamed sinus mucosa. Dinis, PB; Gomes, A; Lobato, R; Martins, ML; Monteiro, MC, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " In the mouse pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) convulsive model, intravenous pretreatment with cefazolin (800 mg/kg) or imipenem (200 mg/kg) shifted the dose-response curve of PTZ (i." | ( Low convulsive activity of a new carbapenem antibiotic, DK-35C, as compared with existing congeners. Cho, JH; Jin, C; Jung, I; Kim, DH; Kim, M; Ku, HJ; Oh, CH; Yook, J, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Simulated steady-state serum concentrations obtained by using the patients' pharmacokinetic parameters exceeded the susceptibility interpretive standard (breakpoint) of cefepime for at least 60% of the dosing interval with dosing regimens of 1 g every 8 h (q8h), 2 g q8h, and 2 g q12h." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefepime in patients with thermal burn injury. Bonapace, CR; Bosso, JA; Friedrich, LV; Norcross, ED; White, RL, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Cephalosporin dosage exposures based on maintenance of concentrations at multiples (6-24 times) of the MIC were not as effective in early or sustained (24 h) bactericidal effect as exposures modelling im injection profiles with equal or lower AUC (P<0." | ( Cephalosporin clinical concentration-time profile modelling and in-vitro bactericidal effects on Escherichia coli. Cholewka, KA; Ioannides-Demos, LL; Liolios, L; McLean, AJ; Paull, P; Spicer, WJ, 1999) | 1.75 |
| " Careful dosing and close monitoring of pharmacologic effects are critical for a successful outcome." | ( Pharmacologic considerations in the treatment of neonatal septicemia and its complications. Buys, E; DeLuca, J; Stringel, G; Wichtel, ME, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " The dosage was always 20 mg/kg of active ingredient." | ( Absorption kinetics and bioavailability of cephalexin in the dog after oral and intramuscular administration. Anfossi, P; Carli, S; Castellani, G; Mengozzi, G; Montesissa, C; Villa, R, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " The T>MIC was calculated as percentage of the dosing interval in which free concentrations exceeded the weighted geometric mean MIC90." | ( Comparison of five beta-lactam antibiotics against common nosocomial pathogens using the time above MIC at different creatinine clearances. Kays, MB, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Thus, daily dosing of gentamicin was found to be safe, effective, and cost efficient in the treatment of open fractures when combined with a cephalosporin and aggressive operative debridement and stabilization." | ( Once daily, high dose versus divided, low dose gentamicin for open fractures. Bjornson, SH; Cockrin, J; Kirk, PG; Levy, MS; Ruhnke, CJ; Sorger, JI; Tang, P, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " A total of 42 patients, all hospitalized for cataract extraction, received a dosage of 1 g or 2 g of cefpirome by iv infusion 1, 2 or 6 h preoperatively." | ( Penetration of cefpirome into the anterior chamber of the human eye after intravenous application. Alzner, E; Egger, SF; Elmenyawi, I; Georgopoulos, A; Georgopoulos, M; Grabner, G; Huber-Spitzy, V, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "The sieving coefficient (64%) indicates that a substantial fraction of the drug is not filtered; clearance by pathways other than CVVH mounted to 50% of the total clearance and increased on day 2, indicating that the dosing schedule used is appropriate for this setting." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefpirome in critically ill patients with renal failure treated by continuous veno-venous hemofiltration. Fijen, JW; Ligtenberg, JJ; Möller, AV; Spanjersberg, R; Stegeman, CA; Tulleken, JE; Van de Merbel, NC; Van der Werf, TS; Zijlstra, JG, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "Because beta-lactam antibiotics exhibit time-dependent bactericidal activity and lack prolonged postantibiotic effects against many bacteria, the goal of therapy is to maintain serum drug concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the relevant pathogen over most of the dosing interval." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefepime administered by intermittent and continuous infusion. Burgess, DS; Hardin, TC; Hastings, RW, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " cloacae in > or = 92% (11/12) of subjects for > or = 70% of the dosing interval, provided the MIC was < or = 4 microg/mL." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefepime administered by intermittent and continuous infusion. Burgess, DS; Hardin, TC; Hastings, RW, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " However, in contrast to cephalosporin-sensitive cases, in cases caused by ceftriaxone-resistant strains, concomitant use of dexamethasone was associated with a higher failure rate even when a higher dosage of ceftriaxone was used." | ( Evaluation of combined ceftriaxone and dexamethasone therapy in experimental cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Cabellos, C; Fernández, A; Gudiol, F; Liñares, J; Martínez-Lacasa, J; Tubau, F; Viladrich, PF, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " The administration dosage of CPR was 2 to 4 gram per day administered by drip infusion or intravenous infusion." | ( [Clinical efficacy of cefpirome sulfate against Bacteroides species, Prevotella species and Porphyromonas species. Society of Anaerobic Bacterial Infections in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology in Gifu]. Arahori, K; Furui, K; Furuta, N; Hashiyama, T; Hattori, S; Hayasaki, Y; Hirose, R; Hua, YX; Ito, M; Iwasa, S; Izumi, K; Kawazoe, K; Mikamo, H; Morishita, S; Nakagawa, M; Nomura, M; Ohnishi, N; Sakakibara, K; Sato, Y; Shiraki, S; Sugiyama, M; Tamaya, T; Tsukahara, Y; Watanabe, K; Yamada, Y, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "Although susceptible organisms will usually be covered sufficiently with standard dosing regimens, soft tissue infections with bacteria that have MIC values of 2 to 8 may profit from continuous application." | ( Target site concentrations after continuous infusion and bolus injection of cefpirome to healthy volunteers. Brunner, M; Delacher, S; Eichler, HG; Erovic, B; Hollenstein, U; Mayer, BX; Müller, M, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " dosing with long-acting forms of penicillin which had been shown to prevent post-streptococcal sequelae." | ( Comparison of short-course (5 day) cefuroxime axetil with a standard 10 day oral penicillin V regimen in the treatment of tonsillopharyngitis. Adam, D; Helmerking, M; Scholz, H, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " This synergistic PAE of amikacin with ceftazidime has a significant effect on designing optimal dosage regimens." | ( Postantibiotic effect of a combination of antimicrobial agents on pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mandal, A; Mishra, B; Sood, P, ) | 0.13 |
| "Cefpirome is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, primarily eliminated by the kidneys, that requires dosage adjustment in patients with kidney failure." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefpirome during continuous venovenous hemofiltration: rationale for an 8-hour dosing interval. Banyai, M; El-Menyawi, I; Heinz, G; Siostrzonek, P; Thalhammer, F; Traunmüller, F, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " All patients received a dosage of 2 g cefpirome every 8 hours after starting the hemofiltration with high-flux polysulfone membranes." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefpirome during continuous venovenous hemofiltration: rationale for an 8-hour dosing interval. Banyai, M; El-Menyawi, I; Heinz, G; Siostrzonek, P; Thalhammer, F; Traunmüller, F, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "8 microg/mL at the end of the dosing interval." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefpirome during continuous venovenous hemofiltration: rationale for an 8-hour dosing interval. Banyai, M; El-Menyawi, I; Heinz, G; Siostrzonek, P; Thalhammer, F; Traunmüller, F, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " However, this dosage may be insufficient during CVVH for intermediate resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefpirome during continuous venovenous hemofiltration: rationale for an 8-hour dosing interval. Banyai, M; El-Menyawi, I; Heinz, G; Siostrzonek, P; Thalhammer, F; Traunmüller, F, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "Our institution developed dosing guidelines for patients with renal impairment based on pharmacokinetic data and class-specific pharmacodynamics." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ceftizoxime in patients with dosages adjusted for renal function. Hershberger, E; McKinnon, PS; Neuhauser, MM; Rybak, MJ, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "Our dosing guidelines achieved similar Cp(min) among all groups of patients." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ceftizoxime in patients with dosages adjusted for renal function. Hershberger, E; McKinnon, PS; Neuhauser, MM; Rybak, MJ, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "Although several dosage adjustment regimens have been proposed, there is little quantitative information to guide the initiation of ceftazidime therapy in patients who are receiving continuous renal replacement therapy." | ( Determinants of ceftazidime clearance by continuous venovenous hemofiltration and continuous venovenous hemodialysis. Frye, RF; Joy, MS; Matzke, GR; Palevsky, PM, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Cefepime's twice-daily dosage and increased activity against Enterobacteriaceae may offer some advantages over older cephalosporins." | ( Cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams. Asbel, LE; Levison, ME, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " But there are also derivatives with a serum half-life of more than 2 and up to 8 hours, allowing 12- or 24-hour dosage intervals." | ( Pharmacological properties of parenteral cephalosporins: rationale for ambulatory use. Kees, F; Strehl, E, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " The cost of OPAT programmes can also be reduced through patient evaluation and careful selection of the appropriate delivery model, antibiotic, dosage intervals and infusion technology." | ( Pharmacoeconomic considerations in the ambulatory use of parenteral cephalosporins. Tice, AD, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " In this multi-dose study, the safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of cefepime during high-flux hemodialysis were investigated and an improved dosing schedule is presented." | ( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of cefepime in long-term hemodialysis with high-flux membranes. Burgmann, H; Hörl, WH; Rosenkranz, AR; Schmaldienst, S; Thalhammer, F; Thalhammer-Scherrer, R; Traunmüller, F, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "A dosage of 2 g cefepime after each hemodialysis session achieved drug levels well above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)90 for most of the target pathogens." | ( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of cefepime in long-term hemodialysis with high-flux membranes. Burgmann, H; Hörl, WH; Rosenkranz, AR; Schmaldienst, S; Thalhammer, F; Thalhammer-Scherrer, R; Traunmüller, F, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "6 microg/ml, respectively with 200 or 400 mg doses of cefditoren pivoxil; plasma concentrations exceed 1 microg/ml for 4 to 6 hours (33-50% of dosing interval)." | ( Antimicrobial activity and in vitro susceptibility test development for cefditoren against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus species. Beach, ML; Biedenbach, DJ; Johnson, DM; Jones, RN; Pfaller, MA, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "There is increasing use of intermittent dosing of antibiotics to treat peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis." | ( Pharmacokinetics of intermittent intravenous cefazolin and tobramycin in patients treated with automated peritoneal dialysis. Bailie, GR; Frye, R; Hess, LD; Manley, HJ; McGoldrick, MD, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Cefaclor concentrations in serum persisted above the MIC for more than 40% of dosing interval in 31 subjects, and those in sputum in 24 patients." | ( Interrelationship between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefaclor advanced formulation in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Boveri, B; Cazzola, M; Centanni, S; Di Marco, F; Di Perna, F; Diamare, F, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " This multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-masked study assessed the tolerability and efficacy of 2 dosing regimens of cefdinir in the treatment of pharyngitis due to GABHS." | ( Comparison of cefdinir and penicillin for the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. Cefdinir Pharyngitis Study Group. Gooch, WM; Henry, D; Keyserling, CH; McCarty, J; Nemeth, MA; Tack, KJ, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " The aim of this study was to measure the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of continuous infusion of ceftazidime vs intermittent bolus dosing in septicaemic melioidosis." | ( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic evaluation of ceftazidime continuous infusion vs intermittent bolus injection in septicaemic melioidosis. Angus, BJ; Chaowagul, W; Mattie, H; Smith, MD; Suputtamongkol, Y; Walsh, AL; White, NJ; Wuthiekanun, V, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " With conventional 8 h intermittent dosing to patients with normal renal function, plasma ceftazidime concentrations could fall below the target concentration but this would be unlikely with a constant infusion." | ( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic evaluation of ceftazidime continuous infusion vs intermittent bolus injection in septicaemic melioidosis. Angus, BJ; Chaowagul, W; Mattie, H; Smith, MD; Suputtamongkol, Y; Walsh, AL; White, NJ; Wuthiekanun, V, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " These results show that it is not necessary to change the standard dosage of cefepime in burns patients." | ( Plasma, urine and skin pharmacokinetics of cefepime in burns patients. Bernini, V; Durand, A; Jacquet, A; Lacarelle, B; Manelli, JC; Sampol, E; Viggiano, M, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "A prospective observational study was undertaken in 2, 481 patients undergoing elective colon resection in 114 German centers to identify optimal drug and dosing modalities and risk factors for postoperative infection." | ( Perioperative infection prophylaxis and risk factor impact in colon surgery. Köhler, L; Kullmann, KH; Lachmann, A; Mittelkötter, U; Rau, HG; Zimmermann, A, ) | 0.13 |
| " The time above the MIC was >/=92% of the dosing interval for all patients and treatment outcomes were similar between the two treatment groups." | ( Intermittent and continuous ceftazidime infusion for critically ill trauma patients. Boucher, BA; Croce, MA; Fabian, TC; Hanes, SD; Herring, V; Pritchard, E; Wood, GC, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Additionally, both combination regimens provided bactericidal activity for 100% of the dosing interval for all isolates." | ( Comparison of the bactericidal activity of trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin, alone and in combination with cefepime, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. McNabb, J; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R, ) | 0.13 |
| " The results suggest that new short-course dosing regimens are viable and may be favourable in terms of increased tolerability, reduction in healthcare costs, enhanced patient compliance and the control of the development of antibiotic resistance." | ( Short-course antibiotic therapy for infections with a single causative pathogen. Adam, D, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "The present study demonstrates the efficacy of a simplified dosing schedule in achieving blood levels of the antibiotic well in excess of minimal inhibitory concentration of any of the organisms encountered." | ( Ceftriaxone is an efficient component of antimicrobial regimens in the prevention and initial management of infections in end-stage renal disease. Lafuente, P; Suki, WN; Trimarchi, H, ) | 0.13 |
| " However, the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the extended spectrum cephalosporins for common meningeal pathogens are generally low; thus, therapeutic CSF drug concentrations several-fold greater than the MBC can be achieved with currently recommended dosage regimens." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cephalosporins in cerebrospinal fluid. Friedland, IR; Lutsar, I, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "Two dosage regimens of cefdinir were compared with amoxicillin/clavulanate for the treatment of suppurative acute otitis media (AOM) in children." | ( Comparative safety and efficacy of cefdinir vs amoxicillin/clavulanate for treatment of suppurative acute otitis media in children. Block, SL; Hedrick, JA; Keyserling, CH; McCarty, JM; Nemeth, MA; Tack, KJ, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Both dosing regimens of cefdinir were associated with significantly fewer gastrointestinal adverse reactions than was amoxicillin/clavulanate." | ( Comparative safety and efficacy of cefdinir vs amoxicillin/clavulanate for treatment of suppurative acute otitis media in children. Block, SL; Hedrick, JA; Keyserling, CH; McCarty, JM; Nemeth, MA; Tack, KJ, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "Cefdinir is a second-line alternative to first-line antimicrobial agents, with convenient once- or twice-daily dosing in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections and skin and skin-structure infections." | ( Cefdinir: an expanded-spectrum oral cephalosporin. Guay, DR, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " These observations underline the fact that the cefepime dosage should be reduced in renally impaired patients." | ( Severe but reversible encephalopathy associated with cefepime. Assal, F; Coeytaux, A; Du Pasquier, R; Fankhauser, L; Hefft, S; Jallon, P; Picard, F, 2000) | 0.31 |
| "We randomized 18 critically ill patients to receive ceftazidime 6 g/day by continuous infusion or bolus dosing (2 g 8 hourly), each with a loading dose of 12 mg/kg ceftazidime." | ( Continuous infusion ceftazidime in intensive care: a randomized controlled trial. Gin, T; Gomersall, CD; Joynt, GM; Lipman, J; Young, RJ, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of the normal recommended dose of ceftriaxone in critically ill patients and to establish whether the current daily dosing recommendation maintains plasma concentrations adequate for antibacterial efficacy." | ( The pharmacokinetics of once-daily dosing of ceftriaxone in critically ill patients. Gin, T; Gomersall, CD; Joynt, GM; Lipman, J; Wong, EL; Young, RJ, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " The objective of this study is to determine the pharmacokinetics and dialytic clearance of cefazolin and develop dosing strategies in these patients." | ( Cefazolin dialytic clearance by high-efficiency and high-flux hemodialyzers. Bailie, GR; Frye, RF; Grabe, DW; Manley, HJ; Marx, MA; Mueller, BA; Sowinski, KM, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "The following parameters were calculated for each group of patients included in the study from the simulated plasma concentration curves corresponding to the dosage regimen administered: (i) peak concentration at steady state divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration (CmaxSS/MIC); (ii) the time that the plasma drug concentration exceeded the MIC scaled to 24 hours at steady state [(tSS)24h > MIC]; (iii) the total area under the concentration-time curve over 24 hours at steady state divided by the MIC [(AUC(SS))24h/MIC]; and (iv) the AUC at steady state for the period of time that the concentration is above the MIC over a period of 24 hours divided by the MIC [(AUIC(SS))24h]." | ( A retrospective analysis of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters as indicators of the clinical efficacy of ceftizoxime. Colino, CI; Sánchez Recio, MM; Sánchez-Navarro, A, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " pneumoniae for >40% of the dosing interval." | ( Cefprozil versus high-dose amoxicillin/clavulanate in children with acute otitis media. Hedrick, JA; Pierce, P; Schwartz, RH; Sher, LD, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "Because determining the pharmacokinetics of drugs used in pediatric patients allows for appropriate dosing and optimal clinical response, we have reviewed the pharmacokinetic data on the use of cefepime in the pediatric population." | ( Review of the pharmacokinetics of cefepime in children. Blumer, JL; Knupp, C; Reed, MD, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "Ceftazidime and amikacin were administered in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa rabbit endocarditis model using computer-controlled intravenous (iv) infusion pumps to simulate human serum concentrations for the following regimens: continuous (constant rate) infusion of 4, 6 or 8 g of ceftazidime over 24 h or intermittent dosing of 2 g every 8 h either alone or in combination with amikacin (15 mg/kg once daily)." | ( In vivo efficacy of continuous infusion versus intermittent dosing of ceftazidime alone or in combination with amikacin relative to human kinetic profiles in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa rabbit endocarditis model. Baron, D; Bugnon, D; Caillon, J; Dube, L; Kergueris, MF; Le Conte, P; Navas, D; Potel, G; Robaux, MA, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " To use the pharmacokinetic model to simulate alternate dosing regimens and identify those that predict sustained levels." | ( Low cefpirome levels during twice daily dosing in critically ill septic patients: pharmacokinetic modelling calls for more frequent dosing. Fraenkel, D; Lipman, J; Rickard, CM; Wallis, SC, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Timed blood samples were taken prior to and during two dosing intervals." | ( Low cefpirome levels during twice daily dosing in critically ill septic patients: pharmacokinetic modelling calls for more frequent dosing. Fraenkel, D; Lipman, J; Rickard, CM; Wallis, SC, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Pharmacokinetic simulation predicted that more frequent bolus dosing, increased doses and continuous infusions would result in concentrations greater than 4 mg/l for over 60% of the dosing interval for all patients." | ( Low cefpirome levels during twice daily dosing in critically ill septic patients: pharmacokinetic modelling calls for more frequent dosing. Fraenkel, D; Lipman, J; Rickard, CM; Wallis, SC, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Single doses of each agent were administered and serum concentrations were collected over the standard dosing period of 24 h for all study regimens." | ( Pharmacodynamics of ceftriaxone and cefixime against community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens. Ambrose, PG; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Owens, RC; Quintiliani, R; Tessier, P, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " While limited clinical data exist, our results suggest that the use of ceftazidime by CI administration maintains clinical efficacy, optimizes the pharmacodynamic profile and uses less antibiotic compared with the standard 2 g every 8 h intermittent dosing regimen." | ( Continuous versus intermittent administration of ceftazidime in intensive care unit patients with nosocomial pneumonia. Lacy, MK; McNabb, J; Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Diarrhea occurred on the dosing day and slightly soft feces lasted until 6 days after administration." | ( [Toxicity study of cefmatilen hydrochloride hydrate (S-1090) (1)--Single oral and intravenous dose toxicity studies in rats]. Furukawa, H; Harihara, A; Kato, I; Kii, Y; Kitamura, T; Miyauchi, H; Muraoka, Y; Nishimura, K; Sato, K; Yabuuchi, K; Yahara, I, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " The changes observed in both studies were soft feces, abdominal distention, increased food and water consumption, decreases of urine volume and pH, and a decrease of blood neutrophils in almost all treated groups, reddish-brown feces (due to chelated products of S-1090 and its decomposition products with Fe3+ in the diet) in groups dosed at 300 mg potency/kg or more, and a lower mature granulocyte ratio in the bone marrow in groups dosed at 1000 mg potency/kg or more." | ( [Toxicity study of cefmatilen hydrochloride hydrate (S-1090) (3)--One- and three-month repeated oral dose toxicity studies in rats]. Furukawa, H; Harihara, A; Hirata, M; Inoue, S; Kato, I; Kitamura, T; Moriyama, T; Muraoka, Y; Nishimura, K; Sato, K; Ueno, M; Yabuuchi, K, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " In the thyroids, an increased weight in some animals in the groups dosed at 100 mg potency/kg or more and an increased follicular colloid in the 400 mg potency/kg group were observed." | ( [Toxicity study of cefmatilen hydrochloride hydrate (S-1090) (7)--Three-month repeated oral dose toxicity study in juvenile dogs]. Hayashi, T; Karaki, K; Kato, I; Kimura, Y; Mizushima, Y; Moriyama, T; Nakano, M; Nishimura, K; Sawada, T; Yoneyama, S, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Loose and/or reddish brown feces were observed in both males and females of all the S-1090 dosing groups, and abdominal distention was also observed in males throughout the dosing period." | ( [Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of S-1090, cefmatilen hydrochloride hydrate (1)--A study on oral administration prior to and in the early stages of pregnancy in rats]. Hara, K; Hirashiba, M; Hishikawa, A; Ikeuchi, K; Kanamori, S; Kaneto, M; Kawai, M; Kishi, K; Muranaka, R; Muraoka, Y; Uchida, H; Yoshida, T, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Loose or reddish-brown feces were observed in dams of all the S-1090 dosing groups." | ( [Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of S-1090, cefmatilen hydrochloride hydrate (2)--A study on oral administration during the period of organogenesis in rats]. Hara, K; Hirashiba, M; Hishikawa, A; Ikeuchi, K; Kanamori, S; Kaneto, M; Kawai, M; Kishi, K; Muranaka, R; Uchida, H; Yoshida, T, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " In dams, loose feces/reddish brown feces, increased cecum weight, decreased weights of the heart, spleen and submaxillary gland in all the S-1090 dosing groups and a decreased weight of the thymus in the 1000 mg potency/kg dosing group were observed." | ( [Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of S-1090, cefmatilen hydrochloride hydrate (4)--A study on oral administration during the perinatal and lactation periods in rats]. Andou, M; Hara, K; Hirashiba, M; Hishikawa, A; Ikeuchi, K; Ito, M; Kanamori, S; Kaneto, M; Kawai, M; Kishi, K; Muranaka, R; Muraoka, Y; Uchida, H; Yoshida, T, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "5% aqueous methylcellulose was administered by oral gavage up to 2000 mg/kg/day in single and double dosing groups." | ( [Genotoxicity studies of cefmatilen hydrochloride hydrate (S-1090)]. Kondo, K; Miyajima, H; Miyake, Y; Nishimoto, Y; Shiratori, O; Takase, S, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Vomiting, diarrhea or mucous feces occurred on the dosing day, and reddish-brown feces (due to chelated products of S-1090 and its decomposition products with Fe3+ in the diet) were also observed on the dosing and next day." | ( [Toxicity study of cefmatilen hydrochloride hydrate (S-1090) (2)--Single oral dose toxicity study in dogs]. Furukawa, H; Harihara, A; Hirata, M; Inoue, S; Kato, I; Kimura, Y; Miyauchi, H; Nishimura, K; Sato, K; Ueno, M; Yabuuchi, K, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Decreased intestinal flora were noted in all the groups treated with S-1090 or CFDN at the end of the dosing period." | ( [Toxicity study of cefmatilen hydrochloride hydrate (S-1090) (5)--Six-month repeated oral dose toxicity study and supplement study in rats]. Chihaya, Y; Furukawa, H; Itoh, F; Kato, I; Mizushima, Y; Nishimura, Y; Ohno, K; Omori, M; Sameshima, H; Ueno, M; Yabuuchi, K; Yahara, I; Yoshida, I, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "Overall, 94% of orders in the intervention group met cefotaxime dosage criteria compared with 86% in the control group (p = ." | ( A randomized trial to measure the optimal role of the pharmacist in promoting evidence-based antibiotic use in acute care hospitals. Dranitsaris, G; McGeer, A; Pitre, M; Spizzirri, D, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "The pharmacist as a vehicle for promoting the appropriate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the acute care hospital setting can improve the dosing of such agents." | ( A randomized trial to measure the optimal role of the pharmacist in promoting evidence-based antibiotic use in acute care hospitals. Dranitsaris, G; McGeer, A; Pitre, M; Spizzirri, D, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "Afer twenty years of commercial availability of cefotaxime, the objective of this study was to know the reasons and modes of use, administration dosage as well as its effectiveness and tolerance in critically ill patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU) in our country." | ( [Cefotaxime, twenty years later. Observational study in critically ill patients]. Alvarez-Lerma, F; Cerda, E; Olaechea, P; Palomar, M; Sierra, R, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "Bile flow and bile acid excretion for 6 h after dosing did not differ significantly between the 09." | ( Diurnal variation in the biliary excretion of flomoxef in patients with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Fujimura, A; Hishikawa, S; Kobayashi, E; Miyata, M; Sugimoto , K, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " However, as the difference was relatively small, flomoxef could be given at any time of day without any dosage adjustments." | ( Diurnal variation in the biliary excretion of flomoxef in patients with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Fujimura, A; Hishikawa, S; Kobayashi, E; Miyata, M; Sugimoto , K, 2001) | 0.31 |
| "Bactericidal activity of ceftazidime is determined by the time that concentrations in tissue and serum are above the MIC for the pathogens during the dosing interval." | ( Stability of ceftazidime in normal saline solution after exposure to light. Jaruratanasirikul, S; Sriwiriyajan, S, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " The main aim of the study was to establish whether dosing frequency (1 vs 2 or 3 times daily) and other factors influence compliance." | ( [Patient adherence in respiratory tract infections: ceftibuten versus other antibiotics (PARTICULAR study)]. Kardas, P; Ratajczyk-Pakalska, E, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Cefuroxime axetil proved effective as a component of intravenous/oral sequential therapy in the treatment of CAP, although there are currently no dosage recommendations available for this regimen in some countries." | ( Cefuroxime axetil: an updated review of its use in the management of bacterial infections. Goa, KL; Ormrod, D; Scott, LJ, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Pre- and postmembrane blood (serum) samples and corresponding ultrafiltrate or dialysate samples were collected 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 or 24 h (depending on dosing interval) after completion of the drug infusion." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefepime during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Abraham, E; Fish, DN; Malone, RS; Teitelbaum, I, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " To study the effect of the L-alanyl group in AS-924 on its bioavailability, the plasma concentration profiles of CTIZ in dogs were examined following the dosing of AS-924 and CTIZ-POM, in powder form, after pretreatment with the antacid ranitidine, and following the dosing of AS-924 after pretreatment with a gastrointestinal motility stimulant metoclopramide or suppressant scopolamine butylbromide." | ( AS-924, a novel, orally active, bifunctional prodrug of ceftizoxime: physicochemical properties, oral absorption in animals, and antibacterial activity. Aoki, A; Hatano, S; Kasai, M; Kitagawa, M; Kodama, T; Mori, N; Nishijima, T; Nishimura, K; Sakai, A; Sugihara, T; Suzuki, T; Toriya, M; Yamaguchi, S; Yoshimi, A, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " These results indicate the need to select drugs and to instruct gastrectomized patients regarding dosage and administration, taking the pharmacokinetics of drugs into consideration." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefcapene pivoxil and AS-924 in gastrectomized patients. Fujimoto, M, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Eight-hourly administration resulted in T> 4 x MIC for most pathogens encountered in severe IAIs for >90% of the dosing interval, but in peritoneal exudate for only 44% of the dosing interval." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in serum and peritoneal exudate during continuous versus intermittent administration to patients with severe intra-abdominal infections. Bruining, HA; Buijk, SL; Gyssens, IC; Mouton, JW; Van Vliet, A; Verbrugh, HA, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "Published recommendations for the optimal dosing regimen of ceftazidime in critically ill patients with continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH) differ." | ( Clearance of ceftazidime during continuous venovenous haemofiltration in critically ill patients. Mittermeyer, C; Ratheiser, K; Schenk, P; Thalhammer, F; Thalhammer-Scherrer, R; Traunmüller, F, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " As the approved dosage of CTRX in pediatric patients is twice daily, while it is once daily in adults, there have been few reports on the efficacy of once-daily CTRX in pediatrics." | ( [Clinical and bacteriological studies of ceftriaxone (CTRX) once daily administration in pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections]. Hara, T; Harada, Y; Hasui, M; Kino, M; Kobayashi, Y; Okazaki, H; Ono, A, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " Direct measurement of interstitial concentrations of antimicrobial agents in human lung tissue would allow for a more informed approach to appropriate dosing of antimicrobial agents, but until now this was beyond technical reach." | ( Closed-chest microdialysis to measure antibiotic penetration into human lung tissue. Frossard, M; Herkner, H; Joukhadar, C; Klein, N; Kreischitz, N; Lackner, E; Mayer, BX; Müller, M; Müller, MR, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "Six beagle dogs were treated with cephalexin-monohydrate from 2 oral formulations (Rilexine tablets and Cefaseptin dragees, respectively) in a dosage of 25 mg/kg and plasma concentrations of cephalexin were measured over 8 hours." | ( [Pharmacokinetics of cephalexin from two oral formulations in dogs]. Ehinger, AM; Kietzmann, M, ) | 0.13 |
| " aeruginosa, antibacterial effects are observed when serum levels are above the MIC for as little as 35% of the dosing interval and are maximized when levels exceed the MIC for 60-70% of the dosing interval." | ( Pharmacodynamic considerations in the treatment of moderate to severe pseudomonal infections with cefepime. Ambrose, PG; Garvey, MJ; Jones, RN; Owens, RC, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "Optimal dosing of beta-lactam antibiotics aims at maximizing the time at which drug levels in the interstitial space fluid (ISF)--the fluid that surrounds the causative microorganisms at the target site--exceed the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)." | ( Comparative target site pharmacokinetics of immediate- and modified-release formulations of cefaclor in humans. Brunner, M; de, lP; Derendorf, H; Eichler, HG; Gross, J; Müller, M; Rehak, E; Thyroff-Friesinger, U, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " The dose-response curves were bell shaped, indicating toxic effects for the sensor strain at high concentrations of beta-lactams." | ( A luminescent Escherichia coli biosensor for the high throughput detection of beta-lactams. Karp, MT; Kurittu, JS; Valtonen, SJ, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "Cefdinir is an alternative to other antimicrobial agents and can be dosed once or twice daily for the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections and skin and skin-structure infections." | ( Cefdinir: an advanced-generation, broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin. Guay, DR, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Six days after treatment was initiated the patient developed skin reaction and the diagnosis of allergy to ceftriaxone was established by the dosage of specific IgE." | ( [Severe pneumococcal meningitis and ceftriaxone allergy]. Brinquin, L; Lerecouvreux, M; Mérat, S; Rousseau, JM; Vincenti-Rouquette, I, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " This randomized, unblinded study compared 2 dosage regimens of cefuroxime axetil (20 mg/kg/d and 30 mg/kg/d) with amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/d), each given for 20 days." | ( Comparative study of cefuroxime axetil versus amoxicillin in children with early Lyme disease. Childs, JA; Eppes, SC, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "Three studies were conducted to determine and confirm the effective dosage rate of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid sterile suspension (CCFA-SS, 200 mg ceftiofur equivalents [CE]/ml), a long-acting ceftiofur formulation, for control and treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD)." | ( Dose determination and confirmation for ceftiofur crystalline-free acid administered in the posterior aspect of the ear for control and treatment of bovine respiratory disease. Bryson, WL; Chester, ST; Dame, KJ; Hibbard, B; Moseley, WW; Robb, EJ, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Both procedures I and II hold well accuracy and precision when applied to the analysis of the cited cephalosporins in different dosage forms with good recovery percent ranged from 98." | ( Colourimetric and AAS determination of cephalosporins using Reineck's salt. Askal, H; Salem, H, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " However, antibiotics are occasionally overused or dosed outside the guidelines." | ( Antibiotic prophylaxis guideline awareness and antibiotic prophylaxis use among New York State dermatologic surgeons. Ross, B; Scheinfeld, N; Struach, S, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " not protein bound fraction of drug exceeds the MIC of the pathogen for at least 40 to 50 % of the dosing interval (T > MIC)." | ( [beta-lactam-antibiotics in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections with penicillin-resistant pneumococci]. Brauers, J; Ewig, S; Kresken, M, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " Antibiotic levels in the mice were determined by HPLC, and dosing was modified to keep plasma antibiotic levels at or above the MIC for the organism-antibiotic combination for a significant part of a 12 h period." | ( A comparison of antibiotic regimens in the treatment of acute melioidosis in a mouse model. Bowden, B; Hirst, R; Norton, R; Powell, K; Ulett, GC, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The strains carrying a high level of resistance to cephalosporin (MIC > or = 4 micrograms ml-1) or tolerant to vancomycine may cause a therapeutic failure despite an increase of the dosage of cephalosporin." | ( [Pneumococcal meningitis and resistant bacteria]. Floret, D, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "66% of the dosing interval." | ( Continuous infusion versus intermittent administration of cefepime in patients with Gram-negative bacilli bacteraemia. Ingviya, N; Jaruratanasirikul, S; Sriwiriyajan, S, 2002) | 0.31 |
| "Serial serum and CSF samples were obtained concurrently after the fourth dose during one dosing interval." | ( Disposition of cefepime in the central nervous system of patients with external ventricular drains. Coplin, WM; McKinnon, PS; Parker, D; Rhoney, DH; Tam, VH, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The intent of this case report is to address widely held concerns regarding cross-reactivity of cephalosporin, particularly cefazolin, to penicillin, the legitimacy of test dosing as a means to safely identify patients who will have an allergic reaction to cephalosporins and comment on patient-related predictors of survival following cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the good outcome in this case." | ( Complete recovery from prolonged cardio-pulmonary resuscitation following anaphylactic reaction to readministered intravenous cefazolin. Benumof, JL; Gibbs, MW; Kuczkowski, KM, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " In combination with once daily dosing and nearly complete bioavailability of some newer agents, the better risk to benefit ratios have led to empiric antibiotic use in many situations even when bacterial infections are not likely." | ( Separating fact from fiction: the data behind allergies and side effects caused by penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenem antibiotics. Leviton, I, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Today, the beta-lactam antibiotics, particularly penicillins and cephalosporins, represent the world's major biotechnology products with worldwide dosage form sales of approximately 15 billion US dollars or approximately 65% of the total world market for antibiotics." | ( Industrial production of beta-lactam antibiotics. Elander, RP, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Since time above the MIC (T>MIC) is the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) measure that best correlates with in vivo activity of beta-lactams, a stochastic model was used to predict the probability of PK-PD target attainment ranging from 30 (P30) to 70% (P70) T>MIC, for standard dosing regimens of both piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL phenotypes." | ( Pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: report from the ARREST program. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Jones, RN, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "Cefditoren pivoxil was administered in one of two dosing regimens (200 mg cefditoren twice daily for 10 days or 400 mg cefditoren twice daily for 14 days) to gender-balanced groups of 15 subjects." | ( Impact on carnitine homeostasis of short-term treatment with the pivalate prodrug cefditoren pivoxil. Brass, EP; Hoppel, CL; Mayer, MD; Mulford, DJ; Stickler, TK, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " Two preliminary dosage titration studies using a challenge model compared the efficacy of ceftiofur (1." | ( A comprehensive review of ceftiofur sodium and hydrochloride formulations for treatment of acute bovine foot rot. Kausche, FM; Robb, EJ, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " The time-concentration profiles for 1,000 patients (CL(CR)s, 120, 60, and 30 ml/min) each receiving various dosing regimens were simulated by using Monte Carlo simulations." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefepime in patients with various degrees of renal function. Akins, RL; Drusano, GL; McKinnon, PS; Rybak, MJ; Tam, VH, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " In conclusion, our case suggests that, in very old patients on long-term hemodialysis, it should be considered, to avoid neurotoxicity, to monitor the clinical neurological status, to use Cefepime at lower dosage than that allowed in patients with severe renal impairment (1 g/day) and, when possible, to evaluate Cefepime plasma levels." | ( Neurotoxicity induced by Cefepime in a very old hemodialysis patient. Abete, P; Beneduce, F; Carnovale, V; Ciarambino, T; Ferrara, N; Ferrara, P; Giordano, M; Leosco, D; Rengo, F; Varricchio, M, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "We previously reported that the biliary excretion of flomoxef, an oxacephem antibiotic, was greater after dosing at 21:00 than at 09:00 h in diurnally active human subjects." | ( Dosing-time-dependent variation in biliary excretion of flomoxef in rats. Fujimura, A; Hishikawa, S; Kobayashi, E; Kumagai, Y; Sugimoto, K, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "Standard dosage recommendations for beta-lactam antibiotics can result in very low drug levels in intensive care (IC) patients without renal dysfunction." | ( Cefepime versus cefpirome: the importance of creatinine clearance. Boots, RJ; Lipman, J; Wallis, SC, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "A suggested dosing schedule for ceftiofur sodium in green iguanas for microbes susceptible at > 2 microg/mL would be 5 mg/kg, IM or SC, every 24 hours." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium after intramuscular or subcutaneous administration in green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Benson, KG; Craigmill, AL; Tell, LA; Wetzlich, S; Young, LA, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " This tendency inverse correlated to decreasing dosage of PCs." | ( [The trend and susceptibility to antibacterial agents of enterococcus species from urinary tract infections]. Hoshinaga, K; Ishikawa, K; Miyakawa, S; Naide, Y; Shiroki, R; Tanaka, T, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " dosing and following ballistic implant were quite different." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur in red deer (Cervus elaphus). Craigmill, AL; Drew, ML; Kreeger, T; Mackintosh, C; Waldrup, K; Wetzlich, SE, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Pharmacokinetic data showed that BAL9141 was effective against the four pneumococcal strains tested at very low values of the time above the MIC (T > MIC), which ranged from 9 to 18% of the dosing interval, whereas the values of T > MICs for ceftriaxone ranged from 30 to 50% of the dosing interval." | ( Efficacy of BAL5788, a prodrug of cephalosporin BAL9141, in a mouse model of acute pneumococcal pneumonia. Azoulay-Dupuis, E; Bédos, JP; Mohler, J; Schleimer, M; Schmitt-Hoffmann, A; Shapiro, S, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Because MICs are | ( Use of Monte Carlo simulations to select therapeutic doses and provisional breakpoints of BAL9141. Mouton, JW; Nashed, N; Punt, NC; Schmitt-Hoffmann, A; Shapiro, S, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Few hospitals had systems for recommending changes in antimicrobial selection on the basis of susceptibility test results (27%) or for monitoring physician compliance with dosage recommendations by pharmacists (21%)." | ( Pharmacist involvement in antimicrobial use at rural community hospitals in four Western states. Barbera, J; Gerberding, JL; Hannah, E; Houck, P; Moore, JW; Samore, M; Stevenson, KB, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "9% NaCl) solution administered at a dosage of 2 mL/45." | ( Efficacy of ceftiofur hydrochloride sterile suspension administered parenterally for the treatment of acute postpartum metritis in dairy cows. Chenault, JR; Chester, ST; Dame, KJ; Kausche, FM; McAllister, JF; Robb, EJ, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Target serum concentrations of > or =4 mg/L were reached for 100% of the dosing interval during CI and approximately 60% during BI." | ( Perioperative pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in serum and bile during continuous and intermittent infusion in liver transplant patients. Bruining, HA; Buijk, SE; Groenland, TH; Gyssens, IC; Metselaar, HJ; Mouton, JW; Verbrugh, HA, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "Although an intermittent bolus infusion of CTX 1000 mg produces t > target concentration for 60% of the dosing interval during liver transplantation, serum concentrations may be insufficient during the reperfusion phase." | ( Perioperative pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in serum and bile during continuous and intermittent infusion in liver transplant patients. Bruining, HA; Buijk, SE; Groenland, TH; Gyssens, IC; Metselaar, HJ; Mouton, JW; Verbrugh, HA, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " This article summarizes the pharmacokinetics, dosing schedule, adverse event profile, and efficacy data for cefdinir in adult and pediatric, populations in the treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections." | ( Overview of cefdinir: pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy in the treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections. Devcich, KJ; París, MM, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " The maximum concentration of drug in serum and the area under the concentration-time curve for BAL9141 were dose proportional over the dosing range." | ( Single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin (BAL5788) in healthy volunteers. Brown, T; Kovács, P; Man, A; Nashed, N; Perez, A; Roos, B; Sauer, J; Schleimer, M; Schmitt-Hoffmann, A; Weidekamm, E, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Drug accumulation in plasma was negligible during the dosing period." | ( Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin (BAL5788) in healthy volunteers. Brown, T; Man, A; Nashed, N; Nyman, L; Roos, B; Sauer, J; Schleimer, M; Schmitt-Hoffmann, A; Weidekamm, E, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " By consideration of a dosing interval of 8 h, the values for the time above MIC (T > MIC) in tissue were greater than 60% for pathogens for which the MIC was | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefpirome in subcutaneous adipose tissue of septic patients. Delle-Karth, G; Georgopoulos, A; Joukhadar, C; Marsik, C; Mayer-Helm, BX; Müller, M; Sauermann, R; Steiner, I; Zeitlinger, M, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Frequency of dosing decreases and palatability generally improve with increasing generations." | ( Industrial enzymatic production of cephalosporin-based beta-lactams. Barber, MS; Giesecke, U; Minas, W; Reichert, A, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "3% of serovar Newport strains isolated from the turkey poult intestinal tract after the animals were dosed with Escherichia coli harboring a large conjugative plasmid encoding the CMY-2 beta-lactamase and other drug resistance determinants acquired the plasmid and its associated drug resistance genes." | ( Acquisition of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport and Escherichia coli in the turkey poult intestinal tract. Boerlin, P; Forward, KR; Gyles, CL; Martin, LC; McEwen, SA; Poppe, C; Prescott, JF; Reid-Smith, R, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Several pharmacoeconomic studies indicate that the once-daily dosing regimen required for ceftriaxone is the major factor responsible for its cost-effectiveness over third and fourth generation cephalosporins." | ( In vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, safety and pharmacoeconomics of ceftriaxone compared with third and fourth generation cephalosporins: review. Bijie, H; Kulpradist, S; Manalaysay, M; Soebandrio, A, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Chamber fluid and blood samples were collected at predetermined times for 10 days following dosing and analyzed for ceftiofur and desfuroylceftiofur metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography." | ( Penetration of ceftiofur into sterile vs. Mannheimia haemolytica-infected tissue chambers in beef calves after subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid sterile suspension in the ear pinna. Anderson, K; Bryson, W; Callahan, K; Clarke, CR; Dame, K; Hubbard, V; Johnson, R; Lucas, M; Robb, E; Robinson, J; Washburn, K, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " The clearance of cefepime by CRRT must be considered when dosing critically ill patients." | ( Cefepime and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT): in vitro permeability of two CRRT membranes and pharmacokinetics in four critically ill patients. Arzuaga, A; Gascón, AR; Isla, A; Maynar, J; Pedraz, JL; Toral, D, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of cefepime in this population to optimize dosing and minimize potential adverse events." | ( Population pharmacokinetics of cefepime in the neonate. Bradley, J; Capparelli, E; Hochwald, C; Moya, F; Parham, A; Rasmussen, M, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " In addition, the pharmacokinetics and optimal dosing regimen of cefpirome during neutropenia were investigated." | ( Cefpirome as empirical treatment for febrile neutropenia in patients with hematologic malignancies. Huijgens, PC; Simoons-Smit, AM; Swart, EL; Timmers, GJ; van Vuurden, DG, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "IP cefepime dosed at 15 mg/kg resulted in adequate serum concentrations in APD patients at 24 hours post dose." | ( Pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal cefepime in automated peritoneal dialysis. Bailie, GR; Elwell, RJ; Frye, RF, ) | 0.13 |
| " The desired proportion of the dosing interval that the concentration remains above the MIC (%T>MIC) for the intermittent bolus regimens was >/=40% for piperacillin/tazobactam and >/=60% for cefepime." | ( Pharmacodynamics of intermittent and continuous infusion piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms. Burgess, DS; Frei, CR; Reese, AM, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " High-dose regimens of ceftobiprole medocaril (equivalent to 150 mg/kg of ceftobiprole) or 50 mg/kg vancomycin produced nearly identical average peak and trough levels of ceftobiprole and vancomycin in tissue cage fluid, which exceeded the MBC of either antibiotic towards strain MRGR3 for > or =75% of each dosing interval." | ( Intensive therapy with ceftobiprole medocaril of experimental foreign-body infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bento, M; Gjinovci, A; Lew, DP; Li, D; Schrenzel, J; Vaudaux, P, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "Intraoperative repeated antimicrobial dosing is therefore recommended to prevent the surgical wound infection for prolonged colorectal surgery." | ( The significance of the intraoperative repeated dosing of antimicrobials for preventing surgical wound infection in colorectal surgery. Fukushima, Y; Hiraoka, N; Morimoto, T; Morita, S; Nishisho, I; Nomura, T; Shibata, N, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Simulation of human pharmacokinetics can predict the likelihood of achieving this PD target with specific cephalosporin dosing regimens." | ( Treatment of infections with ESBL-producing organisms: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations. Andes, D; Craig, WA, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " The probabilities of each drug and dosing regimen in achieving pharmacodynamic targets were calculated." | ( Pharmacodynamics of antimicrobials for the empirical treatment of nosocomial pneumonia: a report from the OPTAMA Program. Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP; Sun, HK, 2005) | 0.33 |
| " Measurement of serum concentrations and changes in dosing guidelines can probably prevent NCSE during cefepime therapy." | ( Nonconvulsive status epilepticus due to cefepime in a patient with normal renal function. Biswas, A; Jolin, D; Maganti, R; Rishi, D, 2006) | 0.33 |
| "Children 6 months-4 years of age with AOM considered to be at risk for recurrent or persistent infection received large dosage cefdinir 25 mg/kg oral suspension once daily for 10 days." | ( A multicenter, open label, double tympanocentesis study of high dose cefdinir in children with acute otitis media at high risk of persistent or recurrent infection. Arguedas, A; Dagan, R; Hoberman, A; Leibovitz, E; Paris, M; Pichichero, M, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The probability of attaining time above the minimum inhibitory concentration targets of at least 70% of the dosing interval, an important pharmacodynamic indicator of clinical success, is higher with cefepime than with other antimicrobials against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains exhibiting ESBL phenotypes." | ( Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and clinical outcomes: current data. Ambrose, PG; Ramphal, R, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The use of this later improves dissolution of tablet dosage form due to the lack of interconversion during tablet manufacture." | ( Cefdinir: A comparative study of anhydrous vs. monohydrate form. Microstructure and tabletting behaviour. Alpegiani, M; Cabri, W; Ghetti, P; Justo-Erbez, A; Monedero-Perales, MC; Muñoz-Ruiz, A; Pérez-Martínez, JI; Pozzi, G; Villalón-Rubio, R, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " In patients with renal disease, the maintenance dosage should be reduced and the patient monitored for neurotoxicity." | ( Cefepime neurotoxicity: case report, pharmacokinetic considerations, and literature review. Gomolin, IH; Lam, S, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " (ii) To assess the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile of various cefepime dosing regimens and to assess their expected probability of target attainment (=PTA expectation value) against common ICU pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii." | ( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic rationale for cefepime dosing regimens in intensive care units. Bulitta, J; Kirkpatrick, CM; Lipman, J; Roos, JF, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Concentration-time profiles were evaluated by the probability of achieving free-drug concentration above the MIC for >65% of the dosing interval." | ( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic rationale for cefepime dosing regimens in intensive care units. Bulitta, J; Kirkpatrick, CM; Lipman, J; Roos, JF, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " Urine samples were taken every 2 h during the whole dosing interval of the particular antibiotic." | ( Urinary bactericidal activity of oral antibiotics against common urinary tract pathogens in an ex vivo model. Bedenic, B; Bubonja, M; Budimir, A; Topic, M, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " A 5000-subject Monte Carlo simulation was performed to calculate the bactericidal cumulative fraction of response (CFR) for standard dosing regimens of cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam." | ( Optimising antibiotic dosing regimens based on pharmacodynamic target attainment against Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected in Hungarian hospitals. Konkoly-Thege, M; Kuti, JL; Ludwig, E; Nicolau, DP, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " While conventional dosage regimens of 2g q 12h and q 8h failed to achieve adequate target attainment, 4 g continuous infusion and 2g q 6-8h prolonged infusion could attain more than 90% of target attainment at the MIC of 2 microg/ml for the breakpoint of fCmin/MIC=7." | ( Cefepime pharmacodynamics in patients with extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and non-ESBL infections. Kuti, JL; Lee, SY; Nicolau, DP, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The slow elimination and long lasting ex vivo antibacterial killing activity following administration of cefovecin are desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic attributes for an antimicrobial drug with 14-day dosing intervals." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefovecin in dogs. Blanchflower, S; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " The slow elimination and long-lasting free concentrations in extracellular fluid are desirable pharmacokinetic attributes for an antimicrobial with a 14-day dosing interval." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefovecin in cats. Blanchflower, S; Brown, SA; Coati, N; Sherington, J; Stegemann, MR, 2006) | 0.33 |
| " It is concluded that, although experimental infection had an effect on the disposition kinetics of cefepime in healthy and febrile rabbits, this was not sufficiently pronounced to require alteration of the dosage during disease." | ( Acute-phase response alters the disposition kinetics of cefepime following intravenous administration to rabbits. Abd El-Aty, AM; Goudah, A; Jang, JH; Mouneir, SM; Shim, JH; Shimoda, M; Shin, JG; Sunwoo, YE, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Cefepime has a potency advantage over ceftazidime (four- to eight-fold) and superiority at the usual dosing over ceftriaxone (22." | ( Re-evaluation of the role of broad-spectrum cephalosporins against staphylococci by applying contemporary in-vitro results and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic principles. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Jones, RN; Pfaller, MA; Sader, HS, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Also, an appropriate dosage regimen was calculated." | ( Disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of cefpirome after intravenous injection in buffalo calves. Dumka, VK; Rajput, N; Sandhu, HS, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Concentration-time profiles were evaluated by the probability of achieving free-drug concentrations above the MIC for more than 65% of dosing interval." | ( Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefpirome in critically ill patients against Gram-negative bacteria. Kirkpatrick, CMJ; Lipman, J; Roos, JF, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Monte Carlo simulation was performed with the ADAPT II program to estimate the PTA at which the free drug concentrations exceed the MIC for 30 to 60% of the dosing interval (30 to 60% fT > MIC)." | ( Probability of target attainment for ceftobiprole as derived from a population pharmacokinetic analysis of 150 subjects. Bush, K; Drusano, GL; Kahn, JB; Kimko, HC; Lodise, TP; Murthy, BP; Noel, GJ; Pypstra, R, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " These results demonstrate that the pharmacodynamic exposures in PF were almost identical to those estimated from plasma data and provided a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic rationale for the dosing regimen for surgical intra-abdominal infections." | ( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiling of cefepime in plasma and peritoneal fluid of abdominal surgery patients. Hayato, S; Ikawa, K; Ikeda, K; Morikawa, N; Ohge, H; Sueda, T, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " To maintain minimum therapeutic concentration of 1 mug/ml, a satisfactory dosage regimen of cefepime in healthy and febrile cross-bred calves would be 15." | ( Influence of E. coli lipopolysaccharide induced fever on the plasma kinetics of cefepime in cross-bred calves. Pawar, YG; Sharma, SK, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " These results should help us to understand the peritoneal pharmacokinetics of cefozopran whilst also helping to choose the appropriate dosage for surgical intra-abdominal infections." | ( Peritoneal penetration and pharmacodynamic exposure of intravenous cefozopran in abdominal surgery patients. Ikawa, K; Ikeda, K; Matsuda, S; Morikawa, N; Ohge, H; Sueda, T; Takesue, Y, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The experimental bactericidal activity of cefditoren is maintained over the dosing interval regardless of the presence of a mutation in the ftsI gene or beta-lactamase production." | ( influence of TEM-1 beta-lactamase on the pharmacodynamic activity of simulated total versus free-drug serum concentrations of cefditoren (400 milligrams) versus amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2,000/125 milligrams) against Haemophilus influenzae strains exhi Aguilar, L; Alou, L; Cafini, F; Coronel, P; Echeverría, O; Giménez, MJ; González, N; Prieto, J; Sevillano, D; Torrico, M, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The review covers most of the methods described for the analysis of these drugs in pure forms, in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological fluids." | ( Analysis of cephalosporin antibiotics. El-Shaboury, SR; Mohamed, FA; Rageh, AH; Saleh, GA, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " There was no significant difference in outcome according to the dosage regimen utilized." | ( Failure of current cefepime breakpoints to predict clinical outcomes of bacteremia caused by gram-negative organisms. Bhat, SV; Capitano, B; Lodise, TP; Paterson, DL; Peleg, AY; Potoski, BA; Shutt, KA, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " The percentage of a 24-h dosing interval that the unbound serum RWJ-54428 concentrations exceeded the MIC (fT>MIC) was the pharmacokinetic (PK)-PD parameter that best described the efficacy of RWJ-54428." | ( Pharmacodynamics of RWJ-54428 against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis in a neutropenic mouse thigh infection model. Corcoran, E; Dudley, MN; Griffith, DC; Rodriguez, D, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " All beta-lactamase resistant beta-lactam compounds given by IV route, if they are prescribed at the good dosage and frequency, fulfill these PK/PD parameters." | ( [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial therapy used in child osteoarticular infections]. Cohen, R; Grimprel, E, 2007) | 0.34 |
| "The standard dosage recommendations for beta-lactam antibiotics can result in very low drug levels in intensive care (IC) patients and burn patients in the absence of renal dysfunction." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime and cefepime in burn patients: the importance of age and creatinine clearance. Chabanon, G; Conil, JM; Georges, B; Houin, G; Lavit, M; Saivin, S; Samii, K; Seguin, T; Tack, I, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Therefore dosage adjustment of these drugs in burn patients needs to take into account age, measured creatinine clearance and the danger of low concentrations occurring when the creatinine clearance is greater than 120 ml x min(-1)." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime and cefepime in burn patients: the importance of age and creatinine clearance. Chabanon, G; Conil, JM; Georges, B; Houin, G; Lavit, M; Saivin, S; Samii, K; Seguin, T; Tack, I, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " Shortening the dosage interval or using continuous infusions will prevent low serum levels and keep trough levels above the MIC for longer periods of time." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime and cefepime in burn patients: the importance of age and creatinine clearance. Chabanon, G; Conil, JM; Georges, B; Houin, G; Lavit, M; Saivin, S; Samii, K; Seguin, T; Tack, I, 2007) | 0.34 |
| " However, the pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole are similar in males and females, and dosing adjustments are not required based on gender." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole, an anti-MRSA cephalosporin with broad-spectrum activity. Murthy, B; Schmitt-Hoffmann, A, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The data indicate that the pharmacokinetic differences determined by severity of disease are useful for establishing an individualized regimen dosage in children with multiple organ system failure." | ( Effect of severity disease on the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime in children with multiple organ system failure. Asseff, IL; Guillé, GP; Olguín, HJ; Pérez, AG; Quesada, AC; Saldaña, NG; Vieyra, AC, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "To establish a cefozopran (a fourth-generation cephem) population pharmacokinetic model using patient data and use it to explore alternative dosage regimens that could optimize the currently used dosing regimen to achieve higher likelihood of pharmacodynamic exposure against pathogenic bacteria." | ( Optimized dosage and frequency of cefozopran for patients with febrile neutropenia based on population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis. Fujimoto, Y; Fujita, N; Ikawa, K; Ikeda, K; Kanbayashi, Y; Komori, T; Matsumoto, Y; Morikawa, N; Nomura, K; Shimazaki, C; Shimizu, D; Shimura, K; Taniguchi, K; Taniwaki, M, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "Our study proved that Monte Carlo simulation based on population pharmacokinetics can determine optimized dosage and method." | ( Optimized dosage and frequency of cefozopran for patients with febrile neutropenia based on population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis. Fujimoto, Y; Fujita, N; Ikawa, K; Ikeda, K; Kanbayashi, Y; Komori, T; Matsumoto, Y; Morikawa, N; Nomura, K; Shimazaki, C; Shimizu, D; Shimura, K; Taniguchi, K; Taniwaki, M, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " This review will also address the ability of the selected dosing regimens in providing adequate free drug concentrations in excess of the MICs against a contemporary group of bacterial isolates from a global resistance surveillance study." | ( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of ceftobiprole. Fritsche, TR; Gorodecky, E; Jones, RN; Lodise, TP; Patel, N; Renaud-Mutart, A, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Using the kinetic data from this study, the individualization of dosage regimens for prophylactic use of flomoxef might be possible." | ( Pharmacokinetic analysis of flomoxef in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and modified ultrafiltration. Ishino, K; Kurosaki, Y; Masuda, Z; Sano, S; Yamauchi, K, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Cefepime therapy using a 250 mg/m(2) dose administered every 12 h is adequate to achieve plasma concentrations greater than 8 mug/mL during more than 60% of the dosing interval and is expected to be effective in the treatment of bloodstream infections caused by most gram negative organisms in newborn infants." | ( Population pharmacokinetics of cefepime in neonates with severe nosocomial infections. Del Carmen Milán-Segovia, R; Lima-Rogel, V; López-Delarosa, A; Medina-Rojas, EL; Nieto-Aguirre, K; Noyola, DE; Romano-Moreno, S, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Two clinical trials support these dosing regimens for cSSSIs." | ( Ceftobiprole: an extended-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cephalosporin. Anderson, SD; Gums, JG, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " A hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM) simulating various clinical (fluctuating concentrations over time) dosing exposures was used to selectively validate our quantitative assessment of the combined killing effect." | ( Quantitative assessment of combination antimicrobial therapy against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Chang, KT; Hou, JG; Kwa, AL; Ledesma, KR; Lim, TP; Nikolaou, M; Prince, RA; Quinn, JP; Tam, VH, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "4 and (ii) sigmoidal dose-response curves with cloxacillin (0." | ( Restoration of susceptibility of intracellular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactams: comparison of strains, cells, and antibiotics. Appelbaum, PC; Glupczynski, Y; Lemaire, S; Olivier, A; Tulkens, PM; Van Bambeke, F, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Only 21% of prescriptions were considered to be definitely appropriate; 15% were inappropriate regarding choice, dosage or duration, and 42% of prescriptions, many for surgical prophylaxis and fever without diagnosis of infection, were deemed to be unnecessary." | ( Audit of antibiotic prescribing in two governmental teaching hospitals in Indonesia. Duerink, DO; Gyssens, IC; Hadi, U; Huis In't Veld, D; Keuter, M; Lestari, ES; Nagelkerke, NJ; Rahardjo, E; Suwandojo, E; van den Broek, P, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Ceftobiprole is renally excreted ( approximately 70% in the active form) and systemic clearance correlates with creatinine clearance, meaning that dosage adjustment is required in patients with renal dysfunction." | ( Ceftobiprole: a review of a broad-spectrum and anti-MRSA cephalosporin. Gin, AS; Hoban, DJ; Karlowsky, JA; Lam, A; Noreddin, AM; Rubinstein, E; Schweizer, F; Thomson, K; Walkty, A; Zhanel, GG, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " These results should help to give us a better understanding of the peritoneal pharmacokinetics of cefepime while also helping to choose the appropriate dosage to prevent surgical intra-abdominal infections on the basis of the pharmacodynamic assessment." | ( Peritoneal pharmacokinetics of cefepime in laparotomy patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and dosage considerations for surgical intra-abdominal infections based on pharmacodynamic assessment. Higuchi, K; Houchi, H; Ikawa, K; Ikeda, K; Morikawa, N; Ohge, H; Sueda, T, 2008) | 0.35 |
| "This study aimed to perform a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) target attainment analysis to create a dosing strategy for cefozopran in Japanese adult patients." | ( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target attainment analysis of cefozopran in Japanese adult patients. Ikawa, K; Ikeda, K; Morikawa, N; Nomura, K; Ohge, H; Sueda, T; Taniwaki, M, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The bacteriostatic and bactericidal breakpoints were determined as the highest MIC values at which the bacteriostatic and bactericidal probabilities in PF were > or =80%, which values varied with drug and dosing regimen." | ( Development of breakpoints of cephems for intraabdominal infections based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the peritoneal fluid of patients. Ikawa, K; Ikeda, K; Morikawa, N; Ohge, H; Sueda, T, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " We consider that these results will help clinicians to better understand the penetration into and exposure of cefozopran in the female genital cavity, while also helping to rationalize the dosage of this agent for gynecological-surgery infections." | ( Penetration into and exposure of cefozopran in pelvic retroperitoneal space exudate. Ikawa, K; Ikeda, K; Mikamo, H; Morikawa, N; Tamaya, T, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The cumulative percentage of a 24h-period that drug concentrations exceeded the MIC for total (T > MIC) and unbound concentrations (fT > MIC), expressed as percentage of the dosing interval, were determined." | ( High protein binding and cidal activity against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae: a cefditoren in vitro pharmacodynamic simulation. Aguilar, L; Alou, L; Cafini, F; Coronel, P; Fenoll, A; Giménez, MJ; González, N; Prieto, J; Sevillano, D; Torrico, M, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Based on the results from this study, we evaluated PK/PD breakpoints and clinical/bacteriological effects of CFPN-PI at free drug concentrations in pediatric patients with respiratory infection to determine an effective and safe dosage regimen of CFPN-PI." | ( [PK/PD breakpoints and clinical/bacteriological effects of cefcapene pivoxil fine granules for children at free drug concentrations in pediatric patients with respiratory infection]. Fujii, R; Iwai, N; Motohiro, T; Sunakawa, K; Toyonaga, Y, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " Neurotoxicity can be prevented in high-risk cases with dosage adjustments and monitoring of serum concentrations." | ( Cephalosporin-induced neurotoxicity: clinical manifestations, potential pathogenic mechanisms, and the role of electroencephalographic monitoring. Grill, MF; Maganti, R, 2008) | 0.35 |
| " The cefepime dosage was adjusted to the renal function in 5 cases." | ( Cefepime-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus: case report and review. Al Barraq, A; Al Maghrabi, M; Tabarki, B; Thabet, F, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Dosing adjustments based on CL(CR) for subjects with renal impairment should provide ceftobiprole exposure similar to that in patients with normal renal function." | ( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of ceftobiprole for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections. Kimko, H; Murthy, B; Nandy, P; Noel, GJ; Strauss, R; Xu, X, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The method has been successfully applied for the determination of the studied cephalosporins in commercial dosage forms." | ( Kinetic spectrofluorimetric determination of certain cephalosporins in human plasma. Abdelmageed, OH; Attia, TZ; Omar, MA, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "Assesment of dosage deviations of three ss-lactam antibiotics eliminated through the kidneys (meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime) by comparison of two prediction formulae, Cockroft-Gault (CG) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) with 24 h urinary creatinine clearance (CrCl(24h)), as a reference method." | ( [The impact of different renal function measuring methods on the dosages of meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime in critically ill patients]. Diego del Río, E; Gratacós Santanach, L; Ribas Sala, J; Soy Muner, D, ) | 0.13 |
| " Dosage discrepancies for each antibiotic based on CG y MDRD were studied in reference to CrCl(24h) by percentage agreement and weighted kappa." | ( [The impact of different renal function measuring methods on the dosages of meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime in critically ill patients]. Diego del Río, E; Gratacós Santanach, L; Ribas Sala, J; Soy Muner, D, ) | 0.13 |
| " Time-concentration profiles were assessed for various dosing regimens, using 5,000-patient Monte Carlo simulations." | ( Population pharmacokinetics of high-dose, prolonged-infusion cefepime in adult critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ariano, RE; Crandon, JL; Kim, A; Kuti, JL; Nicasio, AM; Nicolau, DP; Zelenitsky, SA, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "Knowledge on the elimination of antibiotics by extracorporeal hemofiltration is a prerequisite for appropriate antimicrobial dosing in patients with renal failure." | ( Daptomycin elimination by CVVH in vitro: evaluation of factors influencing sieving and membrane adsorption. Steiner, I; Wagner, CC; Zeitlinger, M, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "Various dosing strategies for cefepime have been developed in an effort to maximize pharmacodynamic exposure of this agent against gram-negative infections." | ( Effects of an alternative cefepime dosing strategy in pulmonary and bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacter spp, Citrobacter freundii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a single-center, open-label, prospective, observational study. Deal, EN; Micek, ST; Reichley, RM; Ritchie, DJ, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "Based on these results in this small cohort, the efficacy of this cefepime dosing strategy (1 g q8h) appeared to be similar to that of other antimicrobials." | ( Effects of an alternative cefepime dosing strategy in pulmonary and bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacter spp, Citrobacter freundii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a single-center, open-label, prospective, observational study. Deal, EN; Micek, ST; Reichley, RM; Ritchie, DJ, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " adipose tissue met the efficacy breakpoint (percentage of the time that free drug concentrations remained above the MIC) for at least 40% of the 8-h dosing interval for organisms with a MIC of 2 mg/liter." | ( Soft-tissue penetration of ceftobiprole in healthy volunteers determined by in vivo microdialysis. Barbour, A; Derendorf, H; Grant, M; Murthy, B; Sabarinath, SN; Schmidt, S; Seubert, C; Skee, D, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " Ceftobiprole is available only for intravenous administration; recommended dosage regimens have not been approved by the FDA as of this writing." | ( Ceftobiprole: first cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Rybak, MJ; Vidaillac, C, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "In our ICUs where multidrug resistant bacteria are common, an approach considering ICU-specific antibiotic MICs coupled with pharmacodynamic dosing strategies resulted in improved outcomes and shorter duration of treatments." | ( Pharmacodynamic-based clinical pathway for empiric antibiotic choice in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eagye, KJ; Kuti, JL; Nicasio, AM; Nicolau, DP; Palter, M; Pepe, J; Shore, E, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Thus, antibiotic treatment should be adapted to the suspected bacterium and administered as early as possible at high dosage with - if necessary - a loading dose and continuous perfusion." | ( [Presumptive bacterial meningitis in adults: initial antimicrobial therapy]. Chavanet, P, ) | 0.13 |
| " Based on Monte Carlo simulations, dosage adjustment is recommended for patients with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance 30-50 mL/min); no adjustment is needed for mild renal impairment." | ( Ceftaroline: a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Gin, AS; Hoban, DJ; Karlowsky, JA; Lagacé-Wiens, PR; Rubinstein, E; Schweizer, F; Sniezek, G; Zelenitsky, S; Zhanel, GG, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The total-drug times>MIC in ELF that were required to kill 1 log(10) and 2 log(10) CFU/g of lung tissue were 15% and 25% of the dosing interval." | ( Identifying exposure targets for treatment of staphylococcal pneumonia with ceftobiprole. Drusano, GL; Gotfried, M; Kahn, JB; Khashab, M; Laohavaleeson, S; Lodise, TP; Murray, SA; Nicholson, S; Nicolau, DP; Noel, GJ; Rodvold, KA; Tessier, PR, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " For the clinical trial dosing regimen, individual percent T>MICs were used to calculate fractional target attainment rates (TARs) for >or=30 and >or=50% T>MIC targets at various MICs." | ( Pharmacodynamic profiling of ceftobiprole for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections. Bagchi, P; Kimko, H; Nandy, P; Noel, GJ; Samtani, MN; Strauss, RS; Xu, X, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "To compare clinical outcomes of patients receiving an alternative dosage of meropenem with those of patients receiving imipenem-cilastatin or the traditional dosage of meropenem after failure of or intolerance to cefepime for treatment of febrile neutropenia." | ( Assessment of an alternative meropenem dosing strategy compared with imipenem-cilastatin or traditional meropenem dosing after cefepime failure or intolerance in adults with neutropenic fever. Arnold, HM; Augustin, KM; Casabar, E; Dubberke, ER; Hladnik, LM; McKinnon, PS; Reichley, RM; Ritchie, DJ; Westervelt, P, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "Of the 127 patients, 40 received imipenem-cilastatin 500 mg every 6 hours between September 1, 2005, and August 31, 2006; 87 patients received meropenem between September 1, 2006, and August 31, 2007: 29 received a traditional dosage of meropenem 1 g every 8 hours, and 58 received an alternative dosage of meropenem 500 mg every 6 hours." | ( Assessment of an alternative meropenem dosing strategy compared with imipenem-cilastatin or traditional meropenem dosing after cefepime failure or intolerance in adults with neutropenic fever. Arnold, HM; Augustin, KM; Casabar, E; Dubberke, ER; Hladnik, LM; McKinnon, PS; Reichley, RM; Ritchie, DJ; Westervelt, P, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "The alternative meropenem dosage of 500 mg every 6 hours yielded similar patient outcomes, including time to defervescence, need for additional antibiotics, duration of therapy, and mortality, when compared with the traditional meropenem dosage and imipenem-cilastatin in adults with febrile neutropenia." | ( Assessment of an alternative meropenem dosing strategy compared with imipenem-cilastatin or traditional meropenem dosing after cefepime failure or intolerance in adults with neutropenic fever. Arnold, HM; Augustin, KM; Casabar, E; Dubberke, ER; Hladnik, LM; McKinnon, PS; Reichley, RM; Ritchie, DJ; Westervelt, P, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " No difference in activity was observed between both q8 and q12h dosing regimens of ceftaroline." | ( In vitro activity of ceftaroline against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus in a hollow fiber model. Leonard, SN; Rybak, MJ; Vidaillac, C, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "001) than were cefazolin, vancomycin, or linezolid based on the dose-response profiles." | ( In vivo activity of ceftobiprole in murine skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Abbanat, D; Bush, K; Fernandez, J; Flamm, RK; Hilliard, JJ; Melton, JL; Santoro, CM; Zhang, W, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " aeruginosa MICs were determined by Etest and pharmacodynamic indices (the percentage of the dosing interval that the free drug concentration remains above the MIC of the infecting organism [fT > MIC], the ratio of the minimum concentration of free drug to the MIC [fC(min)/MIC], and the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve for free drug to the MIC [fAUC/MIC]) were calculated for each patient." | ( Clinical pharmacodynamics of cefepime in patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bulik, CC; Crandon, JL; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The mean estimate and interindividual variance of the model were used in a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the probabilities of attaining the bactericidal target for cefozopran (the time which the drug concentration remains above the minimum inhibitory concentration for the bacterium is 70% of the dosing interval)." | ( Population pharmacokinetic modeling and pharmacodynamic assessment of cefozopran in pediatric patients. Ikawa, K; Ikeda, K; Kobayashi, R; Kozumi, T; Morikawa, N, 2009) | 0.35 |
| " The developed method was applied successfully for the determination of the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical dosage forms with good precision and accuracy." | ( Selective densitometric determination of four alpha-aminocephalosporins using ninhydrin reagent. El-Shaboury, SR; Mohamed, FA; Rageh, AH; Saleh, GA, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Subsequently, a neutropenic murine pneumonia model with simulated clinical dosing exposures was used to validate our quantitative assessment of combined killing." | ( Quantitative assessment of combination antimicrobial therapy against multidrug-resistant bacteria in a murine pneumonia model. Hou, J; Ledesma, KR; Prince, RA; Singh, R; Tam, VH; Yuan, Z, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Dosage adjustment is required for moderate renal impairment and for patients receiving hemodialysis." | ( Ceftaroline: a new cephalosporin with activity against resistant gram-positive pathogens. Rybak, MJ; Steed, ME, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Moreover, 2/21 (10%) patients with renal impairment (CLCr < 30 ml/minute) demonstrated accumulation of cefepime in the plasma (trough concentrations of 20 to 30 mg/l) in spite of dosage adjustment." | ( Prospective monitoring of cefepime in intensive care unit adult patients. Berger, MM; Bolay, S; Bugnon, D; Chapuis, TM; Chioléro, R; Décosterd, LA; Giannoni, E; Majcherczyk, PA; Moreillon, P; Schaller, MD, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "The third generation cephalosporin cefovecin has been shown to have an exceptionally long elimination half-life in dogs and cats, making it suitable for antibacterial treatment with a 14-day dosing interval in these species." | ( Selected pharmacokinetic parameters for Cefovecin in hens and green iguanas. Bertelsen, MF; Brimer, L; Skaanild, MT; Thuesen, LR, 2009) | 0.67 |
| " All calves were dosed with ceftiofur crystalline free acid sterile suspension (CCFA-SS) subcutaneously in the ear pinna." | ( Distribution of ceftiofur into Mannheimia haemolytica-infected tissue chambers and lung after subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid sterile suspension. Anderson, K; Clarke, C; Johnson, R; Washburn, K, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " In part 2, cohorts 1 and 2 received 500 mg and 1,000 mg, respectively, every 8 h, and cohort 3 received 1,500 mg every 12 h; each cohort received dosing for 10 days." | ( Pharmacokinetics and safety of CXA-101, a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin, in healthy adult male and female subjects receiving single- and multiple-dose intravenous infusions. Friedland, I; Ge, Y; Talbot, GH; Whitehouse, MJ, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Serum concentrations remained above 4 times the minimal inhibitory concentration (T > 4 × MIC), corresponding to the clinical breakpoint for Pseudomonas aeruginosa defined by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), for 57% of the dosage interval for meropenem (target MIC = 8 μg/mL), 45% for ceftazidime (MIC = 32 μg/mL), 34% for cefepime (MIC = 32 μg/mL), and 33% for piperacillin-tazobactam (MIC = 64 μg/mL)." | ( Insufficient β-lactam concentrations in the early phase of severe sepsis and septic shock. De Backer, D; Delattre, I; Dugernier, T; Jacobs, F; Laterre, PF; Layeux, B; Spapen, H; Taccone, FS; Vincent, JL; Wallemacq, P; Wittebole, X, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Standard dosage regimens for piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime and cefepime may, therefore, be insufficient to empirically cover less susceptible pathogens in the early phase of severe sepsis and septic shock." | ( Insufficient β-lactam concentrations in the early phase of severe sepsis and septic shock. De Backer, D; Delattre, I; Dugernier, T; Jacobs, F; Laterre, PF; Layeux, B; Spapen, H; Taccone, FS; Vincent, JL; Wallemacq, P; Wittebole, X, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Careful adherence to normalized dosing per 100 ml/min GFR is crucial." | ( High cefepime plasma concentrations and neurological toxicity in febrile neutropenic patients with mild impairment of renal function. Bolay, S; Buclin, T; Calandra, T; Decosterd, LA; Lamoth, F; Marchetti, O; Pascual, A; Vora, S, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " aeruginosa, however, was successfully eradicated without revision of the dosing regimen of cefepime." | ( The importance of pharmacokinetic consultation of cefepime treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: a case report of severe thermal burn injury. Aoki, Y; Fukuoka, M; Magarifuchi, H; Nagasawa, Z; Nagata, M; Urakami, T, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Despite the growing epidemic of obesity in the United States, dosing medications in such patients remains poorly studied and understood." | ( Pharmacotherapy in the critically ill obese patient. Medico, CJ; Walsh, P, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Using these pharmacokinetic parameters, 5000-patient Monte Carlo simulations were performed to estimate the pharmacokinetic profiles for six prolonged-infusion dosing regimens." | ( Steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cefepime administered by prolonged infusion in hospitalised patients. Cheatham, SC; Fleming, MR; Healy, DP; Humphrey, ML; Kays, MB; Shea, KM; Smith, DW; Sowinski, KM; Wack, MF, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Under steady-state conditions, the median concentrations of cefpirome in plasma, unaffected lung and infected lung exceeded the MICs of the majority of relevant bacteria over the entire dosing interval of up to 12 h after intravenous administration of a dose of 30 mg/kg total body weight." | ( High extracellular levels of cefpirome in unaffected and infected lung tissue of patients. Dittrich, P; Graninger, W; Joukhadar, C; Kugler, SA; Lindenmann, J; Maier, A; Matzi, V; Porubsky, C; Smolle-Jüttner, FM, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Based on AUC values, total cefquinome concentrations in PELF were one-third of total plasma concentrations after intravenous administration together with shorter time above Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (T > MIC) in PELF, thus twice daily dosing may be required when treating lower airway infections in horses." | ( Antimicrobial disposition in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid of horses, part III. cefquinome. Baptiste, KE; Friis, C; Winther, L, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " aureus isolates of 26% and 33% of the dosing interval, respectively)." | ( Pharmacodynamics of ceftaroline fosamil for complicated skin and skin structure infection: rationale for improved anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity. Drusano, GL, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic target attainment predictions for 600 mg of ceftaroline fosamil every 12 h showed that the mean %T > MICs for which plasma free-drug concentrations exceeded an MIC of 1 and 2 mg/L were 71% and 51% of the dosing interval, respectively." | ( Ceftaroline fosamil: a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin with expanded anti-Gram-positive activity. Biek, D; Critchley, IA; Riccobene, TA; Thye, DA, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " After subcutaneous dosing at 8 mg/kg, the plasma terminal half-life of cefovecin was substantially shorter in the nonhuman primates (2." | ( Pharmacokinetics of Cefovecin in squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Kelly, N; Papp, R; Popovic, A; Tschirret-Guth, R, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Six healthy, adult cows in two treatment groups were dosed intravenously with ceftiofur sodium liposomes and ceftiofur sodium, serial blood samples collected, and plasma concentrations determined by high performance liquid chromatography." | ( Preparation and pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium liposomes in cows. Guo, D; Guo, Y; Liu, S; Zhou, W, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Cefovecin is a third-generation cephalosporin approved for antibacterial treatment with a 14-day dosing interval in dogs and cats." | ( Single subcutaneous dosing of cefovecin in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): a pharmacokinetic study. Bakker, J; Bertelsen, MF; Braskamp, G; Langermans, JA; Ouwerling, B; Skaanild, MT; Thuesen, LR, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Currently available pharmacokinetic, animal, and clinical studies have found that ceftaroline has reasonable efficacy and tolerability but have also revealed that dosing regimen modifications may be needed in patients with moderate-to-severe renal impairment." | ( Ceftaroline: a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. Brown, J; Lim, L; Sutton, E, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Population PK and Monte Carlo simulations were performed using NONMEM and S-ADAPT and a duration of an unbound plasma concentration above the MIC ≥ 65% of the dosing interval as a pharmacodynamic target." | ( Comparable population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic breakpoints of cefpirome in cystic fibrosis patients and healthy volunteers. Bulitta, JB; Holzgrabe, U; Kinzig, M; Landersdorfer, CB; Sörgel, F; Stephan, U, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " CDN was bactericidal (percentage of the dosing interval for which experimental antibiotic concentrations exceeded the MIC [ft>MIC], >88%), and no recombined populations were detected from 4 h on." | ( Efficacy of simulated cefditoren versus amoxicillin-clavulanate free concentrations in countering intrastrain ftsI gene diffusion in Haemophilus influenzae. Aguilar, L; Alou, L; Cafini, F; Coronel, P; Giménez, MJ; González, N; López, AM; Prieto, J; Sevillano, D; Torrico, M, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Animals were randomized to the control group (no treatment) (n = 22) or to a group given intravenous (IV) CPT human equivalent (HE) dosage (600 mg/12 h; n = 19) or IV CRO HE dosage (1 g/24 h; n = 19)." | ( Ceftaroline versus ceftriaxone in a highly penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia rabbit model using simulated human dosing. Biek, D; Charles, PE; Chavanet, P; Croisier-Bertin, D; Ge, Y; Larribeau, A; Piroth, L, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " The pharmacokinetic properties of cefovecin were evaluated in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), olive baboons (Papio anubis), and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) by using a single-dose (8 mg/kg SC) dosing regimen." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefovecin in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), olive baboons (Papio anubis), and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Boucher, JF; Brown, SA; Civil, JR; Fortman, JD; Gillhouse, KA; Grover, GS; Halliday, LC; Hoggatt, AF; Lovaglio, J; Raabe, BM; Stubbs, MN; Yuan, Y, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Two hours after inoculation, a ceftaroline regimen that simulated the percentage of the dosing interval that free-drug concentrations remained above the MIC of the infecting organism (fT>MIC) of humans administered ceftaroline at 600 mg every 12 h (q12h) infused over 1 h was given." | ( Efficacy of human simulated exposures of ceftaroline administered at 600 milligrams every 12 hours against phenotypically diverse Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Crandon, JL; Keel, RA; Nicolau, DP, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Clearance and t1/2 are influenced by development, and this must be taken into consideration when planning a cephalosporin dosage regimen for the neonate." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins in the neonate: a review. Pacifici, GM, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Consequently, the dosing of antibiotics should be supported by PK concepts, including data derived from studies of the PK of ICU patients and therapeutic drug monitoring." | ( Antibiotics in critically ill patients: a systematic review of the pharmacokinetics of β-lactams. Gonçalves-Pereira, J; Póvoa, P, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " This combination dosing regimen should allow for optimal bacterial cell kill (highest likelihood of successful clinical outcome) and the suppression of resistance emergence." | ( Pharmacodynamics of β-lactamase inhibition by NXL104 in combination with ceftaroline: examining organisms with multiple types of β-lactamases. Brown, D; Castanheira, M; Critchley, I; Drusano, GL; Grasso, C; Jones, RN; Kulawy, R; Liu, W; Louie, A; Thye, D; Vanscoy, B; Williams, G, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Current debate concerns the type of antibiotic(s), dosing and the duration of prophylaxis." | ( Antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Biderman, P; Lador, A; Leibovici, L; Mansur, N; Nasir, H; Paul, M; Sharoni, E, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " TD-1792, dosed subcutaneously (SC), produced dose-dependent reduction in the thigh bacterial burden of several organisms, including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (MSSA, MRSA, MSSE, MRSE, respectively), penicillin-susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (PSSP), Streptococcus pyogenes, and vancomycin-intermediate-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (VISA)." | ( Pharmacodynamics of TD-1792, a novel glycopeptide-cephalosporin heterodimer antibiotic used against Gram-positive bacteria, in a neutropenic murine thigh model. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Blais, J; Hegde, SS; Obedencio, G; Okusanya, OO; Shaw, JP; Skinner, R, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Given a range of built-in features and its inherent flexibility to customization, the model can be used to study a variety of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic problems such as the effects of inter-individual differences and disease-states on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, dosing optimization, and inter-species scaling." | ( BioDMET: a physiologically based pharmacokinetic simulation tool for assessing proposed solutions to complex biological problems. Graf, JF; Scholz, BJ; Zavodszky, MI, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Proper dosing of specific antibiotics in morbidly obese patients has been studied inadequately." | ( Cefepime dosing in the morbidly obese patient population. Afaneh, CI; Barie, PS; Dakin, GF; Ho, VP; Keel, R; Nicolau, DP; Pomp, A; Rich, BS; Turbendian, H, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "The objective of this structured review was to analyze critically the findings of pharmacokinetic studies of beta-lactam antibiotics in patients with intra-abdominal disease; that is, intra-abdominal infection (IAI) or previous abdominal surgery and determine the requirements for dosage modification in this population." | ( Pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in patients with intra-abdominal disease: a structured review. Adnan, S; Kumar, S; Li, J; Lipman, J; Paterson, DL; Roberts, JA; Rudd, M, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " However, further research is necessary to determine the clinical outcome of individualized dosing on the basis of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies." | ( Pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in patients with intra-abdominal disease: a structured review. Adnan, S; Kumar, S; Li, J; Lipman, J; Paterson, DL; Roberts, JA; Rudd, M, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The recommended dosage for patients 18 years and older is 600 mg IV every 12 hours." | ( Ceftaroline fosamil: a cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Chang, MH; Fung, HB; Poon, H, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The pharmacokinetics of the dosing regimens evaluated were dose proportional and linear." | ( Pharmacokinetics and safety of intravenous ceftolozane-tazobactam in healthy adult subjects following single and multiple ascending doses. Benziger, D; Friedland, I; Hershberger, E; Miller, B; Trinh, M, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "The study confirmed the significant link between the exposure to AMK and to β-lactams, and presented population models able to guide β-lactam dosage adjustments using renal biomarkers or TDM-related aminoglycoside data." | ( Population pharmacokinetics of four β-lactams in critically ill septic patients comedicated with amikacin. Delattre, IK; Jacobs, F; Jacqmin, P; Laterre, PF; Musuamba, FT; Taccone, FS; Verbeeck, RK; Wallemacq, P, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "On the basis of the time that CFAE concentrations were higher than the target plasma concentration, a dosing interval of 3 days can be recommended for future multidose CCFA studies." | ( Pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular injection of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in American black ducks (Anas rubripes). Boedeker, NC; Byrne, BA; Hope, KL; Lynch, W; Murray, S; Padilla, LR; Tell, LA; Ware, LH; Wetzlich, SE, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "To compare the pharmacokinetics of the fourth generation cephalosporin, cefquinome, in neonatal foals, 6-week-old foals and mature New Forest ponies in order to recommend appropriate dosage regimens for use of this drug." | ( Comparing the pharmacokinetics of a fourth generation cephalosporin in three different age groups of New Forest ponies. Fink-Gremmels, J; Haritova, A; Heil, BA; Smiet, E; Wijnberg, ID, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Commonly used dosing regimens should be critically evaluated in neonatal foals due to the higher volume of distribution of less lipophilic drugs in this age group." | ( Comparing the pharmacokinetics of a fourth generation cephalosporin in three different age groups of New Forest ponies. Fink-Gremmels, J; Haritova, A; Heil, BA; Smiet, E; Wijnberg, ID, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Dosing to achieve MPC concentrations (where possible) may serve to reduce the selection of bacterial subpopulations with reduced antimicrobial susceptibility." | ( Comparative minimum inhibitory and mutant prevention drug concentrations of enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, florfenicol, tilmicosin and tulathromycin against bovine clinical isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica. Blondeau, BJ; Blondeau, JM; Blondeau, LD; Borsos, S; Hesje, CE, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Mean maximum concentration and AUC from time 0 to the end of the dosing interval (AUC(0-τ)) for ceftolozane in ELF were 21." | ( Intrapulmonary penetration of ceftolozane/tazobactam and piperacillin/tazobactam in healthy adult subjects. Chandorkar, G; Gotfried, MH; Huntington, JA; Rodvold, KA; Umeh, O, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " q12h, with dosage regimens adjusted per site-specific procedures)." | ( TD-1792 versus vancomycin for treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections. Barriere, SL; Churukian, A; Corey, GR; Kingsley, J; Li, YP; Potgieter, PD; Stryjewski, ME, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " The ceftazidime and cefepime dosing ranges from the literature are 200-400 mg/kg/day divided every 6-8 hr, maximum 8-12 g/day, and 150-200 mg/kg/day divided every 6-8 hr, up to 6-8 g/day, respectively." | ( Optimization of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: II. cephalosporins and penicillins. Ampofo, K; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C; Waters, CD; Young, DC; Zobell, JT, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "5 microg/ml, more frequent dosing or a higher dosage may be required." | ( Pharmacokinetics of a long-acting ceftiofur formulation (ceftiofur crystalline free acid) in the ball python (Python regius). Adkesson, MJ; Cox, S; Fernandez-Varon, E; Martín-Jiménez, T, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " Results of the part I (internal) and part II (independent laboratory) dose-response studies employing spiked samples were in close agreement." | ( Validation study of the BetaStar plus lateral flow assay for detection of beta-lactam antibiotics in milk. Abouzied, M; Ankrapp, D; Driksna, D; Klein, F; Mozola, M; Rice, J; Sarzynski, M; Walsh, A; Walsh, C, ) | 0.13 |
| " Dosing recommendations will depend on the mean inhibitory concentration of ceftiofur for each bacterial pathogen." | ( Pharmacokinetics of a long-acting ceftiofur crystalline-free acid formulation in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Adkesson, MJ; Allender, MC; Junge, RE; Martín-Jiménez, T, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Ensuring effective, safe drug dosing in critically ill patients can be difficult, due to variable and dynamic organ function." | ( Therapeutic drug monitoring when using cefepime in continuous renal replacement therapy: seizures associated with cefepime. Freebairn, RC; Lipman, J; Park, MA; Roberts, JA; Smith, NL; Wallis, SC, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " Dose-response data were analyzed by a maximum effect (E(max)) model using nonlinear regression." | ( Inoculum effects of ceftobiprole, daptomycin, linezolid, and vancomycin with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae at inocula of 10(5) and 10(7) CFU injected into opposite thighs of neutropenic mice. Andes, DR; Craig, WA; Lee, DG; Murakami, Y, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Outcomes were compared between patients who received standardized dosing of meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, or cefepime as an intermittent infusion over 30 minutes (January 1, 2010, to June 30, 2010) and patients who received prolonged infusion over 3 hours (August 1, 2010, to January 31, 2011)." | ( Prolonged infusion antibiotics for suspected gram-negative infections in the ICU: a before-after study. Arnold, HM; Hampton, NB; Hoban, A; Hoffmann, J; Hollands, JM; Juang, PH; Kollef, MH; McCormick, S; Micek, ST; Reichley, RM; Skrupky, LP; Smith, JR, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "5 h after intravenous dosing with a supratherapeutic dose (1,500 mg) of ceftaroline fosamil, 400 mg moxifloxacin (positive control), and placebo." | ( Evaluation of the effect of a supratherapeutic dose of intravenous ceftaroline fosamil on the corrected QT interval. Llorens, L; Rank, D; Rekeda, L; Riccobene, TA, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) of antimicrobial dosage regimens during drug development to derive predicted target attainment values is frequently used to choose the optimal dose for the treatment of patients in phase 2 and 3 studies." | ( Monte Carlo simulations based on phase 1 studies predict target attainment of ceftobiprole in nosocomial pneumonia patients: a validation study. Mouton, JW; Muller, AE; Punt, N; Schmitt-Hoffmann, AH, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Although guidelines continue to endorse amoxicillin as the preferred treatment, amoxicillin/clavulanate in high dosage would be the preferred treatment based on the otopathogen mix currently." | ( Otitis media. Pichichero, ME, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "05) in cycle B were blood examination, liver function monitoring, renal function monitoring, dose and duration, dosing frequency and correct medication combinations." | ( Drug use evaluation of cefepime in the first affiliated hospital of Bengbu medical college: a retrospective and prospective analysis. Ding, F; Liu, Y; Sang, R; Shi, Q; Yu, M; Yuan, H, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "Cefepime can be used appropriately for the right indications and in a cost-effective way for the majority of patients through educational intervention, including the special precautions that must be followed for appropriate dosing frequency and duration." | ( Drug use evaluation of cefepime in the first affiliated hospital of Bengbu medical college: a retrospective and prospective analysis. Ding, F; Liu, Y; Sang, R; Shi, Q; Yu, M; Yuan, H, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The article also provides discussion of how PK/PD parameters play a role in the outcome of HAP treatment and how dosing in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) should be reconsidered in light of altered PK/PD." | ( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics evaluation of ceftobiprole medocaril for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Lagacé-Wiens, PR; Rubinstein, E, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Mortality was seen in all dosing groups of mice treated with either compound, therefore suggesting that short-term inhibition of PI4KIIIβ is deleterious." | ( Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III beta is essential for replication of human rhinovirus and its inhibition causes a lethal phenotype in vivo. Bellavance, É; Décor, A; Desmeules, S; Franti, M; Garneau, M; Gauthier, A; Guo, T; Hucke, O; Laberge, MK; Leyssen, P; Lippens, J; Neyts, J; O'Meara, J; Spickler, C; Vaillancourt, FH, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " There are currently no data to guide an appropriate dosing interval when a longer treatment regimen is warranted." | ( Plasma and pulmonary pharmacokinetics of desfuroylceftiofur acetamide after weekly administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid to adult horses. Berghaus, LJ; Davis, JL; Fultz, L; Giguère, S, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Concentrations of DCA in plasma and PELF remained in the therapeutic range for the entire dosing interval." | ( Plasma and pulmonary pharmacokinetics of desfuroylceftiofur acetamide after weekly administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid to adult horses. Berghaus, LJ; Davis, JL; Fultz, L; Giguère, S, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " However, in most of the included studies, patients in the extended/continuous infusion group received a substantially lower total dosage of antibiotic than those in the short-term group for the total duration of treatment." | ( Extended or continuous versus short-term intravenous infusion of cephalosporins: a meta-analysis. Falagas, ME; Karageorgopoulos, DE; Korbila, IP; Tansarli, GS; Vardakas, KZ, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "The goal of this study was to evaluate our current dosing strategy for cefepime and the formulary carbapenem (imipenem) compared with meropenem and doripenem to determine the best dosing strategy for achieving maximal pharmacodynamic activity against an institution-specific population of P aeruginosa isolates." | ( When pharmacodynamics trump costs: an antimicrobial stewardship program's approach to selecting optimal antimicrobial agents. Goff, DA; Nicolau, DP, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " Cefepime dosing was increased from 2 g q12h SI to 2 g q8h PI, a 52% increase in drug acquisition cost." | ( When pharmacodynamics trump costs: an antimicrobial stewardship program's approach to selecting optimal antimicrobial agents. Goff, DA; Nicolau, DP, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "Antimicrobial stewardship programs should consider pharmacodynamic modeling to select the optimal dosing strategies to guide therapy in an era of escalating antimicrobial resistance." | ( When pharmacodynamics trump costs: an antimicrobial stewardship program's approach to selecting optimal antimicrobial agents. Goff, DA; Nicolau, DP, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " One-day-old chicks were each dosed subcutaneously with ceftiofur and samples taken from day 1 to day 44 post-dosing." | ( Can the unauthorised use of ceftiofur be detected in poultry? Chan, D; Fussell, RJ; Heinrich, K; Kay, JF; Sharman, M, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " In this study, the antibacterial activity of FMOX was investigated, and Monte Carlo Simulation was conducted to determine the appropriate dosing regimens of FMOX based on the probability of target attainment (TA%) at the critical drug exposure metric of time that drug concentrations remain above 40% (showing bacteriostatic effect) or 70% (showing bactericidal effect) of time during which plasma concentration above minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drug (T(>MIC)) against the ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae." | ( Evaluation of antibacterial activities of flomoxef against ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation. Ito, A; Nakamura, R; Tatsumi, YM; Tsuji, M; Wajima, T, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " These data may be used as a rational basis for setting dosing schedules, which optimize clinical efficacy and minimize the opportunities for emergence of resistant organisms." | ( Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of cefquinome against Pasteurella multocida in a tissue-cage model in yellow cattle. Ding, H; He, L; Shan, Q; Wang, J; Yang, F; Zeng, Z, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The percentage of the dosing interval that tazobactam concentrations remained above a threshold (%Time>threshold) was identified as the PK-PD exposure measure that was most closely associated with efficacy." | ( Pharmacological basis of β-lactamase inhibitor therapeutics: tazobactam in combination with Ceftolozane. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Bulik, CC; Forrest, A; Friedrich, LV; Jones, RN; McCauley, J; Mendes, RE; Okusanya, OO; Steenbergen, JN; Vanscoy, B, 2013) | 0.39 |
| "Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) analyses for efficacy using phase III trial data from patients treated with a ceftaroline fosamil dosing regimen of 600 mg intravenously (i." | ( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses for efficacy of ceftaroline fosamil in patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Forrest, A; Friedland, HD; Hammel, JP; Khariton, T; Reynolds, DK; Riccobene, TA; Rubino, CM; Van Wart, SA, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " The results support a dosing regimen of 500mg three times daily as a 2-h intravenous infusion." | ( Application of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation for the prediction of target attainment of ceftobiprole against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using minimum inhibitory concentration and time-kill curve based approaches. Barbour, AM; Derendorf, H; Rand, K; Schmidt, S; Zhuang, L, 2014) | 0.4 |
| ") ceftaroline fosamil at 600 mg twice daily (q12h) and simulated patients with renal impairment administered various dosing regimens." | ( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target attainment analyses to evaluate in vitro susceptibility test interpretive criteria for ceftaroline against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Critchley, IA; Friedland, HD; Khariton, T; Riccobene, TA; Rubino, CM; Van Wart, SA, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " These data are useful when determining dosing regimens for cephalosporin agents under development for pneumonia." | ( Clinical pharmacodynamics of antipseudomonal cephalosporins in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Kuti, JL; MacVane, SH; Nicolau, DP, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Infected rabbits were randomly assigned to no treatment or simulated human-equivalent dosing with ceftaroline fosamil, clindamycin, linezolid, or vancomycin." | ( In vivo efficacy of ceftaroline fosamil in a methicillin-resistant panton-valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus rabbit pneumonia model. Badiou, C; Biek, D; Charles, PE; Chavanet, P; Croisier-Bertin, D; Da Silva, S; Dumitrescu, O; Guerard, P; Hayez, D; Labrousse, D; Lina, G; Piroth, L; Vandenesch, F, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Ceftaroline pharmacokinetic parameters varied with different degrees of renal impairment, resulting in recommended dosage adjustments for patients with moderate to severe impairment." | ( A series of pharmacokinetic studies of ceftaroline fosamil in select populations: normal subjects, healthy elderly subjects, and subjects with renal impairment or end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis. Jakate, A; Rank, D; Riccobene, T, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "One of the strategies to decrease inappropriate antimicrobial use in veterinary medicine is to apply pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) principles to dosing regimens." | ( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling and the rational selection of dosage regimes for the prudent use of antimicrobial drugs. Papich, MG, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "The percentage of the dosing interval that the non-protein-bound plasma concentration is above the MIC (%fT>MIC) for cephalosporins has been shown to correlate with microbiological outcomes in preclinical studies." | ( Exposure to ceftobiprole is associated with microbiological eradication and clinical cure in patients with nosocomial pneumonia. Mouton, JW; Muller, AE; Punt, N, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Incurred tissue samples were obtained from dosed animals and analyzed to evaluate the utility of the method." | ( Determination of ceftiofur metabolite desfuroylceftiofur cysteine disulfide in bovine tissues using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a surrogate marker residue for ceftiofur. Chattopadhaya, C; Chiesa, OA; Feng, S; Girard, L; Kijak, P; Lancaster, V; Li, H; Sklenka, S; Smith, EA, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " The proposed method was employed for the determination of CTP in bulk drug, in its pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids such as human serum and urine." | ( Application of silver nanoparticles to the chemiluminescence determination of cefditoren pivoxil using the luminol-ferricyanide system. Alarfaj, NA; Aly, FA; El-Tohamy, MF, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Cefovecin is a recently introduced veterinary cephalosporin that has demonstrated prolonged concentrations in extracellular fluid, allowing for dosing intervals of up to 14 days." | ( In vitro efficacy of cefovecin against anaerobic bacteria isolated from subgingival plaque of dogs and cats with periodontal disease. Bird, PS; Khazandi, M; Meyer, JN; Owens, J; Trott, DJ; Wilson, G, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Careful dosage adjustment and a high index of suspicion are essential in this population." | ( Intermittent hemodialysis treatment in cefepime-induced neurotoxicity: case report, pharmacokinetic modeling, and review of the literature. Buclin, T; Burnier, M; Kissling, S; Mani, LY; Renard, D; Viceic, D; Vogt, B, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The experiment duration was 10 days, and the ceftolozane-tazobactam dose ratio (2:1) and dosing interval (every 8 h) were selected to approximate those expected to be used clinically." | ( Relationship between ceftolozane-tazobactam exposure and selection for Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance in a hollow-fiber infection model. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Castanheira, M; Friedrich, LV; Jones, RN; McCauley, J; Mendes, RE; Steenbergen, JN; VanScoy, BD, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "0, temperature 30 °C, a shaking speed of 120 rpm, an inoculum dosage of 4 % (w/v) and an initial cefdinir concentration of 200 mg L(-1)." | ( Biodegradation of cefdinir by a novel yeast strain, Ustilago sp. SMN03 isolated from pharmaceutical wastewater. Das, N; Salam, JA; Selvi, A, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " We examined the compliance of the empirical antimicrobial treatment with the programme recommendations and the treatment optimisation achieved by reducing the antibiotic spectrum and adjusting the dose, dosing interval and duration of treatment." | ( The impact of an antimicrobial stewardship programme on the use of antimicrobials and the evolution of drug resistance. de la Torre, J; Del Arco, A; Faus, V; Fernández, F; García-Alegría, J; Montiel, N; Olalla, J; Prada, JL; Rivas, F; Tortajada, B, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Multiple tests revealed the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) septic arthritis, which was treated with an off-label dosage of ceftaroline (600 mg intravenously every eight hours)." | ( A case of profound neutropenia and agranulocytosis associated with off-label use of ceftaroline. Kwan, BK; Yam, FK, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Results of pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the 2-week dosing interval suggested for dogs and cats cannot be considered effective in tortoises; however, further research is needed to determine therapeutic concentrations of the drug and appropriate dose ranges." | ( Pharmacokinetics of cefovecin sodium after subcutaneous administration to Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni). Barbarossa, A; Bielli, M; Cagnardi, P; Dall'Occo, A; Di Girolamo, N; Magnone, W; Nardini, G; Roncada, P; Zaghini, A, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Patients with a negative patch test to a cephalosporin underwent test dosing in order to assess tolerability." | ( Cross-reactivity and tolerability of cephalosporins in patients with cell-mediated allergy to penicillins. Aruanno, A; Buonomo, A; Colagiovanni, A; Nucera, E; Pascolini, L; Pecora, V; Ricci, AG; Rizzi, A; Schiavino, D, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Using data from the microbiologically evaluable population from two phase 2 and two phase 3 randomized, multicenter, double-blind studies of patients with ABSSSI, an analysis examining the relationship between drug exposure, as measured by the percentage of time during the dosing interval that free-drug steady-state concentrations remain above the MIC (f%T>MIC), and clinical and microbiological responses was undertaken." | ( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis for efficacy of ceftaroline fosamil in patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. Ambrose, PG; Bhavnani, SM; Drusano, GL; Forrest, A; Friedland, HD; Hammel, JP; Khariton, T; Reynolds, DK; Riccobene, TA; Rubino, CM; Van Wart, SA, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " For each regimen examined, the fraction of simulated subjects who achieved free drug concentrations in excess of the MIC for ≥60% of the dosing interval (60% fT > MIC) at the various CLCR levels was determined and this information was used to identify optimal renal dose adjustments without profound drug exposure." | ( Identification of optimal renal dosage adjustments for high-dose extended-infusion cefepime dosing regimens in hospitalized patients. Bland, CM; Lodise, TP; Tam, VH; Zasowski, E, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "In the Monte Carlo simulations, modification of the parent regimen (2 g every 8 h) to 2 g every 6 h for CLCR >120 mL/min and extension of the dosing interval to every 12 and 24 h at CLCR of 60 and 20 mL/min, respectively, provided favourable probability of target attainment profiles without profound drug exposure." | ( Identification of optimal renal dosage adjustments for high-dose extended-infusion cefepime dosing regimens in hospitalized patients. Bland, CM; Lodise, TP; Tam, VH; Zasowski, E, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Cefovecin is a long-acting cephalosporin that is formulated for subcutaneous administration, and its long-elimination half-life allows for 14-day dosing intervals in dogs and cats." | ( Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and subcutaneous cefovecin in alpacas. Cox, S; Doherty, T; Hamill, M; Hayes, J; Pistole, N; Seddighi, R; Sommardahl, C; Videla, R, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " It highlights available intracameral antibiotics with respect to pharmacology, spectrum of activity, dosage and preparation, safety, and efficacy profiles, as well as toxic anterior segment syndrome risks to better define the potential use of these medications in the prevention of endophthalmitis." | ( Intracameral antibiotics: Safety, efficacy, and preparation. Braga-Mele, R; Chang, DF; Henderson, BA; Mamalis, N; Talley-Rostov, A; Vasavada, A, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Well-designed prospective studies are required to determine optimal dosing and administration strategies." | ( Evaluating outcomes of alternative dosing strategies for cefepime: a qualitative systematic review. Burgess, SV; Chow, I; Ensom, MH; Mabasa, VH, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of implementing EIC as the standard dosing strategy in a pediatric population." | ( Implementing extended-infusion cefepime as standard of care in a children's hospital: a prospective descriptive study. Cox, EG; Karmire, LC; Kays, MB; Knoderer, CA; Nichols, KR, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "0% of the patients who initially received EIC remained on EIC, implementation of EIC as the standard dosing strategy was feasible in this pediatric hospital." | ( Implementing extended-infusion cefepime as standard of care in a children's hospital: a prospective descriptive study. Cox, EG; Karmire, LC; Kays, MB; Knoderer, CA; Nichols, KR, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The free minimum concentration (fCmin) to MIC ratio for each patient was determined by conditioning the validated pharmacokinetic model using patient-specific creatinine clearance (CLCr), dosing regimen and cefepime MIC of the organism isolated, and was subsequently correlated with clinical failure." | ( Cefepime free minimum concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration (fCmin/MIC) ratio predicts clinical failure in patients with Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. Aitken, SL; Altshuler, J; Ericsson, CD; Guervil, DJ; Hirsch, EB; Ostrosky-Zeichner, LL; Tam, VH, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Three dosing regimens were assessed: 600 mg every 12 h (q12 h) as a 1-h infusion (standard dose) or 600 mg every 8 h (q8 h) as a 2-h infusion in virtual patients with normal renal function; and 400 mg q12 h as a 1-h infusion in patients with moderate renal impairment." | ( Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis to evaluate ceftaroline fosamil dosing regimens for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and complicated skin and skin-structure infections in patients with normal and impaired renal function. Canut, A; Isla, A; Rodríguez-Gascón, A, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " At 2 h after inoculation, mice were dosed with regimens that provided a profile mimicking the free drug concentration-time profile observed in humans given cefepime at 2 g every 8 h (q8h; as a 30-min infusion) or cefepime-AAI101 at 2 g/0." | ( In vivo activities of simulated human doses of cefepime and cefepime-AAI101 against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae. Crandon, JL; Nicolau, DP, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The contribution of increasing cefepime MIC to mortality risk in the setting of aggressive cefepime dosing is not well defined." | ( Evaluation of clinical outcomes in patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infections according to cefepime MIC. Liu, J; McLaughlin, MM; Qi, C; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " No dosage adjustment for ceftaroline appears to be necessary based on TBW alone in adults with comparable eCLCR." | ( Pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline in normal body weight and obese (classes I, II, and III) healthy adult subjects. Danziger, LH; Justo, JA; Mayer, SM; Novak, RM; Pai, MP; Rodvold, KA; Soriano, MM, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The method was successfully applied for the determination of these cephalosporin drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms with good accuracy and precision." | ( Stability-indicating spectrofluorometric method for the determination of some cephalosporin drugs via their degradation products. Abdel-Fattah, L; Boltia, SA; Hassan, NY; Mostafa, NM; Weshahy, SA, ) | 0.13 |
| " In four studies comparing once-daily with thrice-daily dosing of gentamicin, there were fewer failures with once-daily dosing." | ( Antibiotic regimens for postpartum endometritis. Mackeen, AD; Ota, E; Packard, RE; Speer, L, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The current dosing regimen of ceftaroline 600 mg intravenously every 12 h appears sufficient to establish pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships and achieve optimal clinical efficacy." | ( A critical review on the clinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical trials of ceftaroline. Ensom, MH; Kiang, TK; Wilby, KJ, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "0), inoculum dosage (1-7%), time (1-11 day) and cefdinir concentration (50-450 mg/L) was studied using a Box-Behnken design." | ( Potentiality of yeast Candida sp. SMN04 for degradation of cefdinir, a cephalosporin antibiotic: kinetics, enzyme analysis and biodegradation pathway. Das, D; Das, N; Selvi, A, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "We report four cases of agranulocytosis associated with ceftaroline use, highlighted by prolonged use (more than 14 days) and 8-hour dosing intervals or 12-hour dosing intervals with concomitant clindamycin therapy." | ( Agranulocytosis with ceftaroline high-dose monotherapy or combination therapy with clindamycin. Chua, J; Lei, LR; Sakoulas, G; Varada, NL, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model with the plasma-to-epithelial lining fluid (ELF) kinetics of ceftolozane/tazobactam was used to justify dosing regimens for patients with nosocomial pneumonia in phase 3 studies." | ( Ceftolozane/tazobactam pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic-derived dose justification for phase 3 studies in patients with nosocomial pneumonia. Huntington, JA; Miller, BW; Nicolau, DP; Xiao, AJ, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Cefepime plasma concentrations were measured in the 3rd, 6th, and 9th dosing intervals at 60% of the interval and/or trough point." | ( Adequacy of high-dose cefepime regimen in febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies. Gardner, JH; Hahn, U; Lehman, S; Peake, SL; Roberts, JA; Roberts, MS; Sime, FB; Tiong, IS; Warner, MS, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Similar to other cephalosporins, the best pharmacodynamic property to predict efficacy for ceftolozane/tazobactam is a concentration that remains above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 40-50% of the dosing interval." | ( Ceftolozane/Tazobactam: A Novel Cephalosporin/β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination. Cho, JC; Estrada, SJ; Fiorenza, MA, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The magnitude and timing of peak plasma concentrations of ceftaroline (active metabolite), ceftaroline fosamil (prodrug), and ceftaroline M-1 (inactive metabolite) varied according to the ceftaroline fosamil dosing schedule (q12h or q8h) and infusion duration (60 minutes or 120 minutes), but overall plasma ceftaroline exposures within the respective dosing intervals were broadly similar across cohorts." | ( Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and safety of single and multiple ceftaroline fosamil infusions in healthy Chinese and Western subjects. Edeki, T; Li, H; Li, J; Sunzel, M; Wilson, D; Xu, P; Yang, L, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The method was fully validated over a dosing range between 100 and 2000 μg kg(-1) (or μg L(-1)) using the total error approach." | ( Validation of a liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry method for the analysis of ceftiofur in poultry muscle, kidneys and plasma: A unique accuracy profile for each and every matrix. Abjean, JP; Fourmond, MP; Hurtaud-Pessel, D; Laurentie, M; Mompelat, S; Verdon, E, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "The aim of this study was to describe the population pharmacokinetics of cefepime in septic shock patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy and to determine whether current or alternative dosing regimens can achieve PK/PD targets." | ( Population pharmacokinetics and dosing simulations of cefepime in septic shock patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. Beumier, M; Carlier, M; Cotton, F; Jacobs, F; Roberts, JA; Seyler, L; Taccone, FS, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "In order to provide some basis for effective dosage regimens that optimize efficacy with respect to bacteriological and clinical cures, the in vivo activity of cefquinome against a clinical Escherichia coli (E." | ( Response of a clinical Escherichia coli strain to repeated cefquinome exposure in a piglet tissue-cage model. Ding, H; Gu, M; Gu, X; Shen, X; Xiong, M; Yang, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, N, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "Disintegration of finished dosage forms (FDF) and drug dissolution are fundamentally important processes that affect bioavailability." | ( Population data analysis of dissolution time profiles: Assessment of physicochemical properties of the drug, drug particles and the pharmaceutical formulation. Brunovský, P; Bulitta, JB; Horkovics-Kovats, S; Pichler, A, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of CFN in bulk powder and pharmaceutical dosage forms." | ( Optimizing the spectrofluorimetric determination of cefdinir through a Taguchi experimental design approach. Abou-Taleb, NH; El-Ashry, SM; El-Sherbiny, DT; El-Wasseef, DR, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " infusion q12h, administered post-haemodialysis on dialysis days, is an appropriate dosage regimen for ESRD patients." | ( An open-label, non-randomised, phase 1, single-dose study to assess the pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring intermittent haemodialysis. Edeki, T; Learoyd, M; Li, J; Li, Y; Ngo, N; Sunzel, M, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The percentage of a 24-h dosing interval that the unbound serum cefquinome concentrations exceeded the MIC (fT > MIC) were the pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) parameter that best correlated with efficacy (R(2) 86." | ( In vivo activity of cefquinome against Riemerella anatipestifer using the pericarditis model in the duck. Cao, C; Lu, Y; Qiu, Z; Qu, Y; Sun, M; Zeng, Z; Zhang, Y; Zhong, J, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The disease group also had a lower area under the curve per dosing interval, steady-state concentration maximum, and dose-adjusted peak steady-state concentration." | ( Altered plasma pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride in cows affected with severe clinical mastitis. Coetzee, JF; Gorden, PJ; Kleinhenz, MD; KuKanich, B; Lee, CJ; Wang, C; Wulf, LW, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Its dosing and chemistry provide expansive antimicrobial coverage of gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and stable activity against many β-lactamases, as well as coverage of most extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing organisms and some anaerobes." | ( Ceftolozane-tazobactam: A new-generation cephalosporin. Cluck, D; Lewis, P; Moorman, J; Spivey, J; Stayer, B, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " The PK/PD studies demonstrated that the percentage of time that serum drug levels were above the MIC of free drug (%ƒT>MIC) in a 24-h dosing interval was the primary index driving the efficacy of both inoculum sizes (R(2) = 91% and R(2) = 63%)." | ( In Vivo Pharmacodynamics of Cefquinome in a Neutropenic Mouse Thigh Model of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 at Varied Initial Inoculum Sizes. Guo, C; Liao, X; Liu, Y; Sun, J; Wang, F; Wang, M; Xiao, X; Yan, C, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Two population pharmacokinetic models (models 1 and 2) were used to impute exposures over the first 24 h in each patient from mean model parameters, covariates, and dosing history." | ( Defining Clinical Exposures of Cefepime for Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections That Are Associated with Improved Survival. Kuti, JL; Lee, BJ; Liu, J; Neely, MN; Nicasio, AM; Nicolau, DP; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH; Van Wart, S, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "57 μg/ml, concentration at the end of the dosing interval (Cmin) of 31." | ( Ceftolozane-Tazobactam Pharmacokinetics in a Critically Ill Patient on Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration. Gonzales, JP; Heil, EL; Mehrotra, S; Nicolau, DP; Oliver, WD; Robinett, K; Saleeb, P, 2015) | 0.42 |
| " Concentration-time curves were simulated for common dosing schemes and 3 renal dispositions." | ( An exploratory analysis of the ability of a cefepime trough concentration greater than 22 mg/L to predict neurotoxicity. Kuti, JL; Neely, MN; Nicasio, AM; Nicolau, DP; Rhodes, NJ; Scheetz, MH, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " After an interim analysis of the first four patients' pharmacokinetic data, the remaining four patients received a change in dosage of ceftaroline to 600 mg every 8 hours." | ( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analyses of Ceftaroline in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis. Anstead, MI; Autry, EB; Burgess, DR; Gardner, BM; Kuhn, RJ; Leung, NR; Rybak, JM, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " The PTA for 60% or higher of the dosing interval during which free (unbound) drug concentrations exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration (%fT > MIC) was simulated for various MICs." | ( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analyses of Ceftaroline in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis. Anstead, MI; Autry, EB; Burgess, DR; Gardner, BM; Kuhn, RJ; Leung, NR; Rybak, JM, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "The pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline is altered in adults with CF, which suggests the need for modified dosing in this patient population to achieve adequate %fT > MIC." | ( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analyses of Ceftaroline in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis. Anstead, MI; Autry, EB; Burgess, DR; Gardner, BM; Kuhn, RJ; Leung, NR; Rybak, JM, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Pediatric dosing to provide therapeutic concentrations against SDD organisms has not been defined." | ( Population Pharmacokinetic Assessment and Pharmacodynamic Implications of Pediatric Cefepime Dosing for Susceptible-Dose-Dependent Organisms. Bradley, JS; Capparelli, EV; Domonoske, C; Reed, MD; Shoji, K; van den Anker, JN, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " This article reviews the spectrum of activity, clinical pharmacology, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, clinical efficacy and tolerability, and dosing and administration of ceftazidime-avibactam." | ( Ceftazidime-Avibactam: A Novel Cephalosporin/β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination for the Treatment of Resistant Gram-negative Organisms. Moy, S; Park, TE; Sharma, R, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "Ceftaroline fosamil (CPT-F) is currently approved for use for the treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections and community-acquired pneumonia at 600 mg twice daily (q12h), but other dosing regimens are under evaluation." | ( Single- and Repeated-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Ceftaroline in Plasma and Soft Tissues of Healthy Volunteers for Two Different Dosing Regimens of Ceftaroline Fosamil. Lackner, E; Lagler, H; Matzneller, P; Österreicher, Z; Wulkersdorfer, B; Zeitlinger, M, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Both ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam are only available as intravenous formulations and are dosed 3 times daily in patients with normal renal function." | ( Ceftazidime/Avibactam and Ceftolozane/Tazobactam: Second-generation β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations. Bonomo, RA; van Duin, D, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Dose-response relationships between antibiotic exposure and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing or AmpC-producing isolates were not demonstrated." | ( Previous Antibiotic Exposure Increases Risk of Infection with Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Pediatric Patients. Adler, AL; Elward, A; Haaland, W; Kronman, MP; Miles-Jay, A; Newland, JG; Qin, X; Weissman, SJ; Zaoutis, T; Zerr, DM; Zhou, C, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " This review summarizes the pharmacokinetic profile of ceftobiprole, and considers the pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamics underlying the choice of dosing regimen." | ( Pharmacokinetics and Dosing of Ceftobiprole Medocaril for the Treatment of Hospital- and Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Different Patient Populations. Mouton, JW; Pea, F; Torres, A, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "To evaluate the steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters of standard cefepime dosing regimens in a hematologic malignancy and hematopoietic cell transplant patient population with febrile neutropenia." | ( Pharmacokinetics of Cefepime in Patients with Cancer and Febrile Neutropenia in the Setting of Hematologic Malignancies or Hematopoeitic Cell Transplantation. Grove, M; Jones, DR; Kiel, PJ; Lowe, C; Moore, D; Neeb, J; O'Donnell, JN; Rhodes, NJ; Rose, D; Scheetz, MH; Thoele, K; Whited, L, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Higher off-label dosing of ceftaroline is often utilized to achieve optimal pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters." | ( Ceftaroline as Salvage Monotherapy for Persistent MRSA Bacteremia. Burnett, YJ; Echevarria, K; Traugott, KA, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "To optimize antimicrobial dosing in different animal species, pharmacokinetic information is necessary." | ( Modelling concentrations of antimicrobial drugs: comparative pharmacokinetics of cephalosporin antimicrobials and accuracy of allometric scaling in food-producing and companion animals. Heederik, DJ; Mouton, JW; Taverne, FJ; van Geijlswijk, IM; Wagenaar, JA, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " Moreover, the ability to adjust both the dose and dosing interval of beta-lactam agents allows the treatment of strains with elevated MICs that were formerly classified in the intermediate range." | ( Improved Accuracy of Cefepime Susceptibility Testing for Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae with an On-Demand Digital Dispensing Method. Brennan-Krohn, T; Kirby, JE; Smith, KP; Weir, S, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "The efficacy of cefepime (CFPM) is known to depend on the ratio of the time that the serum levels exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to the dosing interval (%T>MIC)." | ( Relationship between PK/PD of Cefepime and Clinical Outcome in Febrile Neutropenic Patients with Normal Renal Function. Gotoh, Y; Kamiyama, H; Kanoh, H; Kawamoto, Y; Ueda, A; Yamamoto, A; Yamamoto, S; Yamashita, Y; Yuhki, Y, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "The United States Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recently elected not to revise ceftazidime and cefepime Pseudomonas aeruginosa minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) susceptibility breakpoints but rather recommended specific dosage regimens to correspond to breakpoints." | ( A propensity score-matched analysis of the impact of minimum inhibitory concentration on mortality in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia treated with cefepime or ceftazidime. Gentry, CA; Ratliff, AR; Williams, RJ, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Optimized dosing is expected to reduce the likelihood of resistance development during antimicrobial therapy, but the target for clinical dose adjustment is not well established." | ( Determining β-lactam exposure threshold to suppress resistance development in Gram-negative bacteria. Cantón, R; Chang, KT; Gao, S; Ledesma, KR; Oliver, A; Phe, K; Sánchez-Díaz, AM; Tam, VH; Van Bambeke, F; Zamorano, L; Zhou, J, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Various dosing exposures of cefepime, ceftazidime and meropenem were simulated in the hollow-fibre infection model." | ( Determining β-lactam exposure threshold to suppress resistance development in Gram-negative bacteria. Cantón, R; Chang, KT; Gao, S; Ledesma, KR; Oliver, A; Phe, K; Sánchez-Díaz, AM; Tam, VH; Van Bambeke, F; Zamorano, L; Zhou, J, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "The development of β-lactam resistance during therapy could be suppressed by an optimized dosing exposure." | ( Determining β-lactam exposure threshold to suppress resistance development in Gram-negative bacteria. Cantón, R; Chang, KT; Gao, S; Ledesma, KR; Oliver, A; Phe, K; Sánchez-Díaz, AM; Tam, VH; Van Bambeke, F; Zamorano, L; Zhou, J, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "To determine ceftolozane/tazobactam transmembrane clearances (CLTM) in continuous hemofiltration (CHF) and continuous hemodialysis (CHD) and to determine optimal ceftolozane/tazobactam dosing regimens for patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)." | ( Ex vivo Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Clearance during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. Chaijamorn, W; Lewis, SJ; Mueller, BA; Shaw, AR, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) using pharmacokinetic parameters from published studies and CLTM from this study were used to generate ceftolozane/tazobactam dosing for patients receiving CRRT." | ( Ex vivo Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Clearance during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. Chaijamorn, W; Lewis, SJ; Mueller, BA; Shaw, AR, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Concern for appropriate dosing in critically ill patients remains due to its ineffectiveness for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)." | ( Pharmacokinetic drug evaluation of ceftobiprole for the treatment of MRSA. Danziger, LH; Glowacki, RC; Horn, KS; Rodvold, KA, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Pediatric dosing differs from adult dosing, but it maintains a similar pharmacokinetic profile and offers similar efficacy in terms of time above the minimum inhibitory concentration as compared to the adult population." | ( Current Clinical Trials on the Use of Ceftaroline in the Pediatric Population. Corey, A; So, TY, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Pharmacokinetic characteristics were evaluated following intramuscular administration of CEF-GMS or Cefquinome sulfate injection (CEF-Inj) in pigs at a dosage of 4 mg CEF/kg body weight." | ( Preparation and evaluation of cefquinome-loaded gelatin microspheres and the pharmacokinetics in pigs. Cao, J; Dai, W; He, B; Lei, Z; Lu, Z; Yang, B; Zhang, S; Zhou, H, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Antibiotics are often used in neonates despite the absence of relevant dosing information in drug labels." | ( Dosing antibiotics in neonates: review of the pharmacokinetic data. Cohen-Wolkowiez, M; Greenberg, RG; Rivera-Chaparro, ND, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Appropriate antibiotic dosing is critical to improve outcomes in critically ill patients with sepsis." | ( Antibiotic Dosing in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. Mueller, BA; Shaw, AR, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The results showed that the dosage of 40 mg/kg achieved a maximal plasma concentration of 411." | ( Pharmacokinetics of Single-bolus Subcutaneous Cefovecin in C57BL/6 Mice. Bas, E; Cox, SK; Rothen, DE; Sanders, KL, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " The ceftazidime/avibactam efficacy was linked to the proportion of the dosing interval for which the concentration persists above the MIC (fT>MIC), with optimal efficacy at free-drug fT>MIC of 52% (r2 = 0." | ( The discovery of ceftazidime/avibactam as an anti-Mycobacterium avium agent. Chapagain, ML; Cirrincione, KN; Deshpande, D; Gumbo, T; Lee, PS; Pasipanodya, JG; Srivastava, S, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "The current CLSI and EUCAST clinical susceptible breakpoint for 600 mg q12h dosing of ceftaroline (active metabolite of ceftaroline fosamil) for Staphylococcus aureus is ≤1 mg/L." | ( Ceftaroline efficacy against high-MIC clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in an in vitro hollow-fibre infection model. Alm, RA; Almutairi, M; Ambler, JE; Chen, A; Lahiri, SD; San Martin, M; Singh, R, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "The PK/PD target of ceftaroline was investigated against 12 diverse characterized clinical MRSA isolates with ceftaroline MICs of 2 or 4 mg/L using q8h dosing for 24 h." | ( Ceftaroline efficacy against high-MIC clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in an in vitro hollow-fibre infection model. Alm, RA; Almutairi, M; Ambler, JE; Chen, A; Lahiri, SD; San Martin, M; Singh, R, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " HFIM studies with 600 mg q8h dosing demonstrated a sustained long-term bacterial suppression for isolates with ceftaroline MICs of 2 and 4 mg/L." | ( Ceftaroline efficacy against high-MIC clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in an in vitro hollow-fibre infection model. Alm, RA; Almutairi, M; Ambler, JE; Chen, A; Lahiri, SD; San Martin, M; Singh, R, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "We sought to identify ceftolozane/tazobactam dosing schemes that optimized the probability of target attainment (PTA) against infections due to MDR-PA with ceftolozane/tazobactam MICs between 4 and 32 mg/L across different categories of renal function." | ( Determination of alternative ceftolozane/tazobactam dosing regimens for patients with infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC values between 4 and 32 mg/L. Lodise, TP; Natesan, S; Pai, MP, 2017) | 0.46 |
| "Extended infusion ceftolozane/tazobactam regimens should be investigated as a potential dosing solution to improve the PTA against infections due to MDR-PA with higher ceftolozane/tazobactam MICs." | ( Determination of alternative ceftolozane/tazobactam dosing regimens for patients with infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC values between 4 and 32 mg/L. Lodise, TP; Natesan, S; Pai, MP, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " There are minimal data regarding dosing in the CF population." | ( Ceftaroline pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with cystic fibrosis. Barsky, EE; Goobie, SM; McAdam, AJ; Pereira, LM; Priebe, GP; Sawicki, GS; Sullivan, KJ; Wong, A, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The dosing regimen studied, which exceeds the recommended dosing in the non-CF population, was adequate to achieve >60% time above the MIC in all patients." | ( Ceftaroline pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with cystic fibrosis. Barsky, EE; Goobie, SM; McAdam, AJ; Pereira, LM; Priebe, GP; Sawicki, GS; Sullivan, KJ; Wong, A, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " As per Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved dosing guidance, 48% of patients were overdosed; however, 26% experienced neurotoxicity despite appropriate dosing." | ( Cefepime-induced neurotoxicity: a systematic review. Fraser, GL; Gagnon, DJ; Glisic, EK; Morris, JG; Payne, LE; Riker, RR; Seder, DB, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " This finding suggests that higher dosing regimens (2 g every 8 hours or 1 g every 6 hours) may be necessary to treat serious gram-negative infections with elevated MICs." | ( Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Gram-Negative Infections Treated With Optimized Dosing Cefepime Over Various Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations. Aitken, SL; Altshuler, J; Ericsson, CD; Guervil, DJ; Ostrosky-Zeichner, L; Wanger, A, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Dose-response relationship analysis suggested that the age and the days of mechanical ventilation were associated with increased infection with MDR-AB." | ( A multi-center study on the risk factors of infection caused by multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Chen, B; Huang, H; Huang, X; Huang, Z; Lian, X; Liu, G; Ran, J; Wang, N, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " A higher mg/kg dose and a more frequent dosing interval for ceftaroline may be needed in PICU patients to provide appropriate pharmacodynamic exposures." | ( Ceftaroline for Suspected or Confirmed Invasive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A Pharmacokinetic Case Series. Chopra, A; Cies, JJ; Enache, A; Moore, WS, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " The β-lactams showed a U-shape dose-response relationship in biofilm prevention." | ( In vitro synergism and anti-biofilm activity of ampicillin, gentamicin, ceftaroline and ceftriaxone against Enterococcus faecalis. Hartung, A; Klinger-Strobel, M; Makarewicz, O; Pletz, MW; Stein, C; Thieme, L, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) for treating extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA) infections, and to analyze whether high C/T dosing (2 g ceftolozane and 1 g tazobactam every 8 h) and infection source control have an impact on outcome." | ( Ceftolozane/tazobactam for the treatment of XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Almirante, B; Arévalo, Á; Campany, D; Escolà-Vergé, L; Ferrer, R; Larrosa, N; Len, O; Los-Arcos, I; Nuvials, X; Pigrau, C; Viñado, B, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "None of the dosing regimens achieved the target concentration." | ( A Phase 1 Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study of Extended-Duration, High-dose Cefixime for Cephalosporin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Pharynx. Barbee, LA; Blumer, JL; Golden, MR; Gray, W; Griffiss, JM; Nayak, SU; OʼRiordan, MA; Zenilman, JM, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Monte Carlo simulation demonstrated that the currently used dosing regimen of 100 mg/kg/day q12h was associated with a high risk of underdosing in pediatric patients." | ( Population pharmacokinetics and dosing optimization of cefathiamidine in children with hematologic infection. Chen, XK; Dong, L; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Shi, ZR; Wang, L; Wen, L; Zhai, XY; Zhao, W; Zhi, LJ, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Results The optimal dosing recommendation for amoxicillin remains unclear with limited pharmacological and clinical evidence." | ( Antibiotic use for community-acquired pneumonia in neonates and children: WHO evidence review. Bielicki, J; Fuchs, A; Mathur, S; Sharland, M; Van Den Anker, J, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "To use a pre-clinical infection model to assess the antibacterial effect of human simulations of dosing with ceftolozane/tazobactam (with or without amikacin) or meropenem against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa." | ( Antibacterial effect of ceftolozane/tazobactam in combination with amikacin against aerobic Gram-negative bacilli studied in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model of infection. Attwood, M; Bowker, KE; MacGowan, AP; Noel, AR, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Spray-dried CMD amendment generally increased soil salinity and only high dosed soils showed phytotoxic effects at the end of the incubation period, implying the physiological damage to plant growth." | ( Investigating the environmental risks from the use of spray-dried cephalosporin mycelial dreg (CMD) as a soil amendment. Cai, C; Gong, P; Liu, H; Wang, B; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Zhang, B, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " Food and Drug Administration-recommended doses, and further evaluation is needed before specific drug dosing recommendations can be made for clinical application with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation." | ( Oxygenator Impact on Ceftaroline in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuits. Chopra, A; Cies, JJ; Enache, A; Giliam, N; Low, T; Moore, WS, 2018) | 0.48 |
| " In this review, we summarize the phase III studies that observed lower response rates with ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, daptomycin, and telavancin relative to their comparators among patients with moderate renal impairment, discuss potential explanations for the observed findings, provide considerations for future antibiotic development, and offer strategies for optimizing antibiotic dosage selection among patients with moderate renal impairment in clinical settings." | ( Suboptimal Clinical Response Rates with Newer Antibiotics Among Patients with Moderate Renal Impairment: Review of the Literature and Potential Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations for Observed Findings. Bidell, MR; Lodise, TP, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "Prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT) eliminates many drugs, and without dosing data, for new antibiotics like ceftolozane/tazobactam, suboptimal concentrations and treatment failure are likely." | ( Pharmacokinetics of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam during Prolonged Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapy. Cheng, V; Dyer, J; Ingram, P; McWhinney, BC; Raby, E; Rawlins, M; Regli, A; Roberts, JA; Ungerer, JPJ, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "A ceftolozane/tazobactam dose of 500 mg/250 mg appears to be sufficient to attain pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets during PIRRT while the manufacturer's recommended dosing of 100 mg/50 mg every 8 h was sufficient during non-PIRRT periods." | ( Pharmacokinetics of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam during Prolonged Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapy. Cheng, V; Dyer, J; Ingram, P; McWhinney, BC; Raby, E; Rawlins, M; Regli, A; Roberts, JA; Ungerer, JPJ, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "To describe the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modelling and microbiological data that were used to support the recent European approval of ceftaroline fosamil 600 mg q8h by 2 h intravenous (iv) infusion for patients with complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTIs) caused by Staphylococcus aureus with ceftaroline MICs of 2 or 4 mg/L, and the associated EUCAST MIC breakpoint update for q8h dosing (intermediate = 2 mg/L and resistant >2 mg/L)." | ( Ceftaroline fosamil doses and breakpoints for Staphylococcus aureus in complicated skin and soft tissue infections. Das, S; Iaconis, J; Li, J; Melnick, D; Stone, GG; Yan, JL; Zhou, D, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " A dosage of 600 mg q8h by 2 h iv infusion is approved in some regions for cSSTI patients with Staphylococcus aureus infection where the ceftaroline MIC is 2 or 4 mg/L." | ( Summary of the safety and tolerability of two treatment regimens of ceftaroline fosamil: 600 mg every 8 h versus 600 mg every 12 h. Cheng, K; Hammond, J; Pypstra, R; Yan, JL, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " MPC concentrations provide a dosing target which may serve to reduce amplification of bacterial subpopulations with reduced antimicrobial susceptibility." | ( Mutant prevention and minimum inhibitory concentration drug values for enrofloxacin, ceftiofur, florfenicol, tilmicosin and tulathromycin tested against swine pathogens Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus suis. Blondeau, JM; Fitch, SD, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "Current dosing recommendations for cephalosporin antibiotics are on the basis of pharmacokinetic studies and are frequently ignored in practice." | ( Clinical Outcomes of Failing to Dose-Reduce Cephalosporin Antibiotics in Older Adults with CKD. Bathini, L; Battistella, M; Garg, AX; Jain, AK; Jandoc, R; Kuwornu, P; Liu, A; McArthur, E; Muanda, FT; Sood, MM; Weir, MA, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Clinical cure rates in patients with ≥1 systemic inflammatory sign or SIRS were comparable for both ceftaroline fosamil dosage regimens." | ( Ceftaroline fosamil therapy in patients with acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections with systemic inflammatory signs: A retrospective dose comparison across three pivotal trials. Corey, GR; Das, S; Dryden, M; Friedland, HD; Gonzalez, J; Iaconis, J; Jandourek, A; Wilcox, MH; Wilson, DJ, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " Our aim was to determine Ceftiofur Sodium activity and optimize dosing regimens against the pathogen Haemophilus parasuis using an in vitro and ex vivo pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling approach." | ( PK/PD modeling of Ceftiofur Sodium against Haemophilus parasuis infection in pigs. Chen, X; Chen, XG; Chi, SQ; Hong, J; Li, XD; Liu, C; Sun, T; Wang, GS; Wu, LY; Yu, DJ, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " 38/50 articles included information on both Vd and Cl, but a dosing advice was given in only 22 articles." | ( Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of Antibiotics in Critically Ill Children: A Systematic Review of Current Literature. Brüggemann, RJ; de Wildt, SN; Dia, N; Hartman, SJF; Orriëns, L; Schreuder, MF, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Studies frequently fail to provide a dosing advice for this patient population, even if the necessary information is available." | ( Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of Antibiotics in Critically Ill Children: A Systematic Review of Current Literature. Brüggemann, RJ; de Wildt, SN; Dia, N; Hartman, SJF; Orriëns, L; Schreuder, MF, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Ceftaroline, when dosed supra-therapeutically for serious infections, may be a cause of antibiotic-associated encephalopathy." | ( Ceftaroline-associated Encephalopathy in Patients With Severe Renal Impairment. Chow, S; Johns, ST; Martin, TCS; Mehta, SR, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Dosing regimens of cefepime and zidebactam alone and in combination that achieved epithelial lining fluid (ELF) exposures in mice approximating human ELF exposures after doses of 2 g of cefepime/1 g of zidebactam every 8 h (1 h infusion) were utilized; controls were vehicle-dosed." | ( Efficacy of human-simulated bronchopulmonary exposures of cefepime, zidebactam and the combination (WCK 5222) against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a neutropenic murine pneumonia model. Abdelraouf, K; Kidd, JM; Nicolau, DP, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Further evaluations with multiple dose in vitro and in vivo investigations are needed before specific drug dosing recommendations can be made for clinical application with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation." | ( Oxygenator Impact on Ceftolozane and Tazobactam in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuits. Chopra, A; Cies, JJ; Enache, A; Giliam, N; Low, T; Moore, WS, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Cefiderocol is a time-dependent cephalosporin; the probability of a target attainment at ≥75% of the dosing interval during which the free drug concentration exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (ƒT/MIC) for bacterial strains with an MIC of ≤4 μg/mL is likely to be achieved at the therapeutic dose of 2 g over 3-hour infusion every 8 hours in most patients." | ( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles of Cefiderocol, a Novel Siderophore Cephalosporin. Echols, R; Katsube, T; Wajima, T, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "There has been a lack of information about the inhibition of bovine medicines on bovine hepatic CYP450 at their commercial doses and dosing routes." | ( Assessment of Inhibition of Bovine Hepatic Cytochrome P450 by 43 Commercial Bovine Medicines Using a Combination of Feenstra, KL; Hu, SX; Mazur, CA, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "The aim of this work was to assess the inhibition of 43 bovine medicines on bovine hepatic CYP450 using a combination of in vitro assay and Cmax values from pharmacokinetic studies with their commercial doses and dosing routes in the literature." | ( Assessment of Inhibition of Bovine Hepatic Cytochrome P450 by 43 Commercial Bovine Medicines Using a Combination of Feenstra, KL; Hu, SX; Mazur, CA, 2019) | 0.51 |
| " The administration of highly dosed drugs should be avoided in patients at risk for MDH." | ( The role of drug, dose, and the tolerance/intolerance of new drugs in multiple drug hypersensitivity syndrome. Helbling, A; Jörg, L; Pichler, W; Yerly, D, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " High-dose vitamin C was defined as a dosage in excess of 10 g or 24 g within 2 days of admission." | ( Effect of high-dose vitamin C therapy on severe burn patients: a nationwide cohort study. Aso, S; Fushimi, K; Goto, H; Kaita, Y; Kojiro, M; Matsui, H; Nakajima, M; Yamaguchi, Y; Yasunaga, H, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "The goal of this study is to assess, by means of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis using the Monte Carlo simulation, the adequacy of oral cephalosporins cefuroxime axetil, cefixime and cefditoren at different dosing regimens as switch therapy after intravenous cephalosporin treatment in uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis." | ( Are oral cefuroxime axetil, cefixime and cefditoren pivoxil adequate to treat uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis after switching from intravenous therapy? A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic perspective. Aguirre-Quiñonero, A; Canut-Blasco, A; Rodríguez-Gascón, A, ) | 0.13 |
| "The methodology included: (i) dosing regimen selection and acquisition of pharmacokinetic data; (ii) microbiological data acquisition; and (iii) Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the PTA (probability of PK/PD target attainment) and CFR (cumulative fraction of response), as indicators of treatment success." | ( Are oral cefuroxime axetil, cefixime and cefditoren pivoxil adequate to treat uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis after switching from intravenous therapy? A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic perspective. Aguirre-Quiñonero, A; Canut-Blasco, A; Rodríguez-Gascón, A, ) | 0.13 |
| "To obtain the optimal dosage regimen in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), we developed a population pharmacokinetics model for cefpirome and performed pharmacodynamic analyses." | ( Dose Optimization of Cefpirome Based on Population Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Chang, MJ; Hahn, J; Jang, JY; Kang, S; Kim, D; Lee, JY; Min, KL; Wi, J; Yang, S, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis and pharmacodynamic analyses were conducted to graphically evaluate achievement of target exposures (plasma and ELF ceftolozane concentrations >4 mg/L and tazobactam concentrations >1 mg/L; target in plasma: ≥30% and ≥20% of the dosing interval, respectively)." | ( Lung penetration, bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile and safety of 3 g of ceftolozane/tazobactam administered to ventilated, critically ill patients with pneumonia. Adedoyin, A; Caro, L; De Waele, JJ; Gadzicki, E; Kuti, JL; Larson, KB; Nicolau, DP; Rhee, EG; Yu, B; Zeng, Z, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Mean ceftolozane and tazobactam ELF concentrations remained >4 mg/L and >1 mg/L, respectively, for 100% of the dosing interval." | ( Lung penetration, bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile and safety of 3 g of ceftolozane/tazobactam administered to ventilated, critically ill patients with pneumonia. Adedoyin, A; Caro, L; De Waele, JJ; Gadzicki, E; Kuti, JL; Larson, KB; Nicolau, DP; Rhee, EG; Yu, B; Zeng, Z, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Information including generic name, procurement amount, dosage form, strength, the route of administration, and geographical data were collected." | ( Secular trend analysis of antibiotic utilisation in China's hospitals 2011-2018, a retrospective analysis of procurement data. Fan, D; Fu, M; Guan, X; Shi, L; Wushouer, H; Zhang, X; Zhou, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Furthermore, we looked at the recommended dosing regimens and approved indications." | ( Preclinical Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Studies and Clinical Trials in the Drug Development Process of EMA-Approved Antibacterial Agents: A Review. Jorda, A; Zeitlinger, M, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Single and multiple dosing schemes based on the half-life of ampicillin were applied." | ( In vivo synergism of ampicillin, gentamicin, ceftaroline and ceftriaxone against Enterococcus faecalis assessed in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Hartung, A; Makarewicz, O; Pletz, MW; Thieme, L, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Ampicillin and ceftriaxone exhibited strain-specific synergistic interactions in the larvae under both dosing regimens, while the other two combinations showed additive effects." | ( In vivo synergism of ampicillin, gentamicin, ceftaroline and ceftriaxone against Enterococcus faecalis assessed in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Hartung, A; Makarewicz, O; Pletz, MW; Thieme, L, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " This is the first study to develop a scheme for differentiation between additive and synergistic effects in larvae and apply a multiple-antibiotic dosing scheme based on the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin." | ( In vivo synergism of ampicillin, gentamicin, ceftaroline and ceftriaxone against Enterococcus faecalis assessed in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Hartung, A; Makarewicz, O; Pletz, MW; Thieme, L, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Individual attainment of PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) targets of ceftolozane and tazobactam (free ceftolozane concentration >4 µg/mL for >30% and free tazobactam concentration >1 µg/mL for 20% of the dosing interval) in patients with and without CF were evaluated." | ( Plasma pharmacokinetics of ceftolozane/tazobactam in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Ang, JY; Arrieta, AC; Feng, EH; Johnson, MG; Larson, KB; Rhee, EG; Rizk, ML; Yu, B; Zhang, Z, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Considering that the influence of ECMO on the pharmacokinetics of ceftolozane/tazobactam is not clinically significant, normal ceftolozane and tazobactam dosing in critically ill patients should be effective for patients undergoing ECMO." | ( Influence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on the pharmacokinetics of ceftolozane/tazobactam: an ex vivo and in vivo study. Concordet, D; Delmas, C; Gandia, P; Georges, B; Jourdan, G; Mané, C; Marcheix, B; Porterie, J; Ruiz, S; Verwaerde, P, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Dose-fractionation studies revealed that dosing frequency had no impact on taniborbactam potentiation of cefepime activity." | ( In vivo pharmacodynamics of new-generation β-lactamase inhibitor taniborbactam (formerly VNRX-5133) in combination with cefepime against serine-β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria. Abdelraouf, K; Almarzoky Abuhussain, S; Nicolau, DP, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Higher dosing regimens coupled with continuous/extended infusion may be required in the case of higher CRRT intensity, deep-seated infections or poorly susceptible isolates." | ( Ceftolozane/tazobactam exposure in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy: a PK/PD approach to tailor dosing. De Ponti, F; Gatti, M; Giannella, M; Raschi, E; Viale, P, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of previously published literature explaining CFDC's pharmacology, pharmacokinetic / pharmacodynamic (PK / PD) properties, microbiologic activity, resistance mechanisms, safety parameters, dosing and administration, clinical data, and potential place in therapy." | ( Cefiderocol: A Novel Siderophore Cephalosporin against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens. Abdul-Mutakabbir, JC; Alosaimy, S; Kebriaei, R; Morrisette, T; Rybak, MJ, 2020) | 0.56 |
| " Forty-six episodes were treated with high-dose C/T (3 g every 8 hours) and 38 episodes were treated with standard dosage (1." | ( Multicenter study of ceftolozane/tazobactam for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in critically ill patients. Asensio-Martín, MJ; Balandin, B; Ballesteros, D; Chicot, M; Fernández-Simón, I; Iranzo, R; López-Vergara, L; Martínez-Sagasti, F; Pérez-Pedrero, MJ; Pintado, V; Rodríguez-Serrano, D; Royuela, A; Ruiz de Luna, R; Sancho-González, M; Silva, A; Soriano-Cuesta, C, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Cefepime and tazobactam dosing regimens produced plasma profiles of fAUC, fT>MIC and fCmax similar to human exposure after WCK 4282 2/2 g every 8 h (1." | ( In vivo activity of WCK 4282 (high-dose cefepime/tazobactam) against serine β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the neutropenic murine thigh infection model. Abdelraouf, K; Gill, CM; Nicolau, DP, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "Currently, no dosing information exists for ceftaroline fosamil in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)." | ( Optimizing ceftaroline dosing in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Ali, F; Gopalakrishnan, M; Guo, D; Heavner, M; Jean, W; Kalaria, S; Li, M; Medlin, C; Shu, Y; Williford, S; Yeung, SYA, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Selection of the specific CRRT modality and dosing regimen was based on clinical discretion." | ( Optimizing ceftaroline dosing in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Ali, F; Gopalakrishnan, M; Guo, D; Heavner, M; Jean, W; Kalaria, S; Li, M; Medlin, C; Shu, Y; Williford, S; Yeung, SYA, 2021) | 0.62 |
| "The studies identified in this review demonstrate that C/T is effective in clinical practice, despite the diverse group of seriously ill patients, different levels of resistance of the pathogens treated, and varying dosing regimens used." | ( Real-world use of ceftolozane/tazobactam: a systematic literature review. Collings, H; Dillon, R; Enstone, A; Palmer, T; Puzniak, L, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The dosage regimen was customised in all patients based on creatinine clearance." | ( Real-life experience with ceftolozane/tazobactam in Canada: results from the CLEAR (Canadian LEadership on Antimicrobial Real-life usage) registry. Ariano, R; Bassetti, M; Baxter, M; Borgia, S; Cervera, C; Dhami, R; Dow, G; Dube, M; Irfan, N; Karlowsky, JA; Kosar, J; Savoie, M; Tessier, JF; Walkty, A; Zhanel, GG; Zvonar, R, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Simulations based on population pharmacokinetic modeling suggest that dosing regimens should be adjusted based on kidney function to optimize therapeutic exposure to cefiderocol." | ( Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cefiderocol. Bilal, M; Büsker, S; El Tabei, L; Fuhr, U; Krauss, C; Taubert, M, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Ceftaroline fosamil dosing for children (including renal function adjustments) is supported by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and simulations in appropriate age groups, and includes the option of 5- to 60-min intravenous infusions for standard doses, and a high dose for cSSTI patients with MRSA isolates, with a ceftaroline minimum inhibitory concentration of 2-4 mg/L." | ( Ceftaroline Fosamil for Treatment of Pediatric Complicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Carrothers, TJ; Esposito, S; Kantecki, M; Riccobene, T; Stone, GG, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " In the pneumonia study, the lowest percentage of the dosing interval with fT > MIC of 4 mg/L was 50." | ( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Ceftobiprole in Pediatric Patients. Bosheva, M; Cossey, V; Gardovska, D; Hamed, K; Hornik, CD; Kwinta, P; Litherland, K; Liubsys, A; Münch, HG; Polak, M; Rubino, CM; Ruehle, C; Schröpf, S; Smits, A; Snariene, R; Tomasik, T, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Phase I drug development programs now include assessment of initial pharmacodynamic target values for pertinent organisms in animal models, followed by evaluation of antibacterial penetration into the human lung to assist in dosage selection for clinical trials in infected patients." | ( Penetration of Antibacterial Agents into Pulmonary Epithelial Lining Fluid: An Update. Drwiega, EN; Rodvold, KA, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Optimization of antibiotic dosing and delivery should follow pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles and wherever available therapeutic drug monitoring." | ( Current opinion in management of septic shock due to Gram-negative bacteria. Barbier, F; Buetti, N; Tabah, A; Timsit, JF, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The higher dosing regimen (80 mg/L) showed a slight advantage in effectiveness." | ( Impact of ceftolozane/tazobactam concentrations in continuous infusion against extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in a hollow-fiber infection model. Angulo-Brunet, A; Campillo, N; Domene-Ochoa, S; Ferrer-Alapont, L; Grau, S; Horcajada, JP; López-Causapé, C; Luque, S; Montero, MM; Oliver, A; Padilla, E; Prim, N; Sorlí, L, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " Cefiderocol is a novel siderophore cephalosporin with broad in vitro activity against resistant pathogens and is often used to treat critically ill patients, including those receiving CRRT, despite the lack of data to guide dosing in this population." | ( Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Dose Optimization of Cefiderocol during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. Butler, D; Katsube, T; Tan, X; Wajima, T; Wenzler, E, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate the PK and PD of cefiderocol during in vitro and in vivo CRRT and provide optimal dosing recommendations." | ( Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Dose Optimization of Cefiderocol during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. Butler, D; Katsube, T; Tan, X; Wajima, T; Wenzler, E, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Optimal dosing regimens and their respective probability of target attainment (PTA) were assessed via an established population PK model with Bayesian estimation and 1000-subject Monte Carlo simulations at each effluent flow rate." | ( Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Dose Optimization of Cefiderocol during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. Butler, D; Katsube, T; Tan, X; Wajima, T; Wenzler, E, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The optimal dosing regimens developed from this work have been incorporated into the prescribing information for cefiderocol, making it the first and only antimicrobial with labeled dosing for CRRT." | ( Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Dose Optimization of Cefiderocol during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. Butler, D; Katsube, T; Tan, X; Wajima, T; Wenzler, E, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Application of recommended dosages in patients with renal impairment requires the use of fractions of the full dose, as only one dosage is available for both antibiotics." | ( Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Simulations of Cost-Effective Dosage Regimens of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam and Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Patients with Renal Impairment. Bourguignon, L; Dheyriat, L; Ferry, T; Goutelle, S; Perpoint, T, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "High-dose cefepime-tazobactam (WCK 4282) is currently under clinical development at a dosage of 2 grams/2 grams every 8 hours with prolonged infusion (90 minutes)." | ( Antimicrobial activity of high-dose cefepime-tazobactam (WCK 4282) against a large collection of gram-negative organisms collected worldwide in 2018 and 2019. Carvalhaes, CG; Castanheira, M; Mendes, RE; Sader, HS, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The primary outcome compared the time to defervescence after cefepime initiation between the two dosing strategies." | ( Smaller but more frequent dosing of cefepime in the treatment of febrile neutropenia. Andrick, B; Leri, F; Okubo, L; Rampulla, R, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The molecule is time-dependent and stable when reconstituted at room temperature, facilitating safe and effective dosage optimization in frail and critically ill patients." | ( Ceftolozane-tazobactam in nosocomial pneumonia. Candel, FJ; González Del Castillo, J; Julián Jiménez, A; Matesanz, M, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "9%) had prescriptions that met the dosage recommendations from the clinical practice guidelines." | ( [Outpatient cephalosporin use in a Colombian population: prescription-indication study]. Gaviria-Mendoza, A; Gómez-Franco, JS; Machado-Alba, JE; Mafla-Ríos, YV; Martínez-García, MP; Parra-Muñoz, DA; Salazar-Cuevas, MC; Sepúlveda-Londoño, D, 2021) | 0.62 |
| " The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic therapeutic target of C/T was defined as 100% of the duration of the dosing interval that free concentrations are above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (100 %ƒT ≥ MIC) of the causative pathogen." | ( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Prolonged Infusions of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for MDR/XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections: An Observational Study. Benítez-Cano, A; Grau, S; Luque, S; Navarrete-Rouco, ME; Roberts, JA; Sorlí, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "The administration of C/T by prolonged infusion with TDM-guided dosing allowed the achievement of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target even at lower doses." | ( Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Prolonged Infusions of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for MDR/XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections: An Observational Study. Benítez-Cano, A; Grau, S; Luque, S; Navarrete-Rouco, ME; Roberts, JA; Sorlí, L, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The pharmacokinetics of cefepime is altered under certain pathophysiological conditions, resulting in high inter-individual variability in cefepime volume of distribution and clearance, which poses challenges for population dosing approaches." | ( Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cefepime. Alshaer, MH; Barreto, EF; Bruzzone, M; Bumanglag, AV; Burke, SN; Chang, J; Downes, KJ; Lesnicki, E; Pais, GM; Panchal, V; Scheetz, MH; Stitt, G, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "To describe cefiderocol CSF and plasma PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) data from two different dosing regimens [2 g IV q6h (regimen 1) and 2 g IV q8h (regimen 2)] during treatment of CRAB meningitis." | ( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of cefiderocol during successful treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis. Abouelhassan, Y; Bourdages, G; Gutierrez, RL; Kufel, WD; Nicolau, DP; Perwez, T; Steele, JM, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Estimated free plasma and CSF concentrations exceeded the MIC of the isolate for 100% of the dosing interval." | ( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of cefiderocol during successful treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis. Abouelhassan, Y; Bourdages, G; Gutierrez, RL; Kufel, WD; Nicolau, DP; Perwez, T; Steele, JM, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Cefiderocol, when given as 2 g q8h and 2 g q6h, attained CSF concentrations that exceeded the organism-specific MIC and the CLSI susceptible breakpoint (≤4 mg/L) for 100% of the dosing interval." | ( Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of cefiderocol during successful treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis. Abouelhassan, Y; Bourdages, G; Gutierrez, RL; Kufel, WD; Nicolau, DP; Perwez, T; Steele, JM, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Also, based on these findings, it needs to be appropriately dosed to avoid the development of CIN." | ( Cefepime-induced neurotoxicity: systematic review. Hagiya, H; Keitoku, K; Kimura, N; Maan, G; Nishimura, Y; Pham, A; Sawada, H; Yeo, J, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " A modeling/simulation approach was undertaken to inform optimal dosing in this population, using previously developed ceftolozane and tazobactam population pharmacokinetic models informed by data from 16 clinical studies." | ( Probability of Target Attainment Analyses to Inform Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Dosing Regimens for Patients With Hospital-Acquired or Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia and End-Stage Renal Disease Receiving Intermittent Hemodialysis. Bruno, CJ; De Anda, C; Feng, HP; Fiedler-Kelly, J; Gao, W; Patel, YT; Rhee, EG; Zhang, Z, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " The objective of the study was to explore the impact of ARC on ceftaroline pharmacokinetics and evaluate whether the currently recommended dosing regimen (600 mg every 12 h) is appropriate to treat VAP in ICU patients." | ( Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study suggests continuous infusion of ceftaroline daily dose in ventilated critical care patients with early-onset pneumonia and augmented renal clearance. Ashenoune, K; Boisson, M; Chauzy, A; Couet, W; Dahyot-Fizelier, C; Ferrandière, M; Gregoire, N; Lasocki, S; Marchand, S; Mimoz, O; Seguin, P, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to determine the PTA and the cumulative fraction of response (CFR) against Streptococcus pneumoniae and MRSA for five dosing regimens." | ( Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study suggests continuous infusion of ceftaroline daily dose in ventilated critical care patients with early-onset pneumonia and augmented renal clearance. Ashenoune, K; Boisson, M; Chauzy, A; Couet, W; Dahyot-Fizelier, C; Ferrandière, M; Gregoire, N; Lasocki, S; Marchand, S; Mimoz, O; Seguin, P, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " Ampicillin's inconvenient dosing schedule, drug instability, allergy potential, along with ceftriaxone's high risk for Clostridioides difficile infection and its promotion of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), led our team to explore alternative options." | ( Meropenem plus Ceftaroline Is Active against Enterococcus faecalis in an Cusumano, JA; Daffinee, KE; Desbonnet, C; García-Solache, M; LaPlante, KL; Piehl, EC; Rice, LB, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "Probability of target attainment (PTA) analyses were conducted to support the recommended ceftolozane/tazobactam dosing regimens, adjusted for renal function, in patients with hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP)." | ( Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Probability of Target Attainment in Patients With Hospital-Acquired or Ventilator-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia. Anda, C; Bruno, CJ; Feng, HP; Fiedler-Kelly, J; Gao, W; Johnson, MG; Patel, YT; Rhee, EG; Zhang, Z, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "We employed both a neutropenic murine lung infection model and an in vitro pharmacokinetic model (IVPM) to determine cefepime's pharmacodynamic target [percentage of the dosing interval during which unbound drug concentrations remain higher than the MIC (%fT>MIC)] for bacteriostatic and 1 log10 kill effects." | ( Cefepime pharmacodynamic targets against Enterobacterales employing neutropenic murine lung infection and in vitro pharmacokinetic models. Attwood, M; Chavan, R; MacGowan, A; Muller, AE; Noel, A; Periasamy, H; Van den Berg, S, 2022) | 0.72 |
| " The potassium salt of furazidine in dosage form with magnesium carbonate is preferred, since it is characterized by higher bioavailability and provides a therapeutic level of concentrations in urine above the MIC during the entire dosing period." | ( [Rationale for choosing an antibiotic for the treatment of cystitis: recommendations of clinical pharmacologists: A review]. Suvorova, MP; Yakovlev, SV, 2022) | 0.72 |
| "(Patho)physiological changes in older people may influence the pharmacokinetics (PK), and consequently the target attainment, of ß-lactam antibiotics using standard dosing regimens." | ( Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of ß-lactam Antibiotics in Older People: A Systematic Review of Current Literature. De Clercq, A; De Cock, PA; De Paepe, P; Desmet, T; Petrovic, M; Vervalcke, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Extracted information included reported PK parameters (volume of distribution, clearance [CL], elimination rate constant, intercompartmental CL, elimination half-life, area under the concentration-time curve, maximum and trough concentration), covariates on PK parameters, target attainment rate, and dosing recommendations." | ( Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of ß-lactam Antibiotics in Older People: A Systematic Review of Current Literature. De Clercq, A; De Cock, PA; De Paepe, P; Desmet, T; Petrovic, M; Vervalcke, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Dosing recommendations were incorporated in 87." | ( Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of ß-lactam Antibiotics in Older People: A Systematic Review of Current Literature. De Clercq, A; De Cock, PA; De Paepe, P; Desmet, T; Petrovic, M; Vervalcke, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Studies frequently fail to provide an evidence-based dosing recommendation for this diverse patient population." | ( Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of ß-lactam Antibiotics in Older People: A Systematic Review of Current Literature. De Clercq, A; De Cock, PA; De Paepe, P; Desmet, T; Petrovic, M; Vervalcke, J, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "A very sensitive and green spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of CFX and CFU in pure and dosage form." | ( Green Spectrophotometric Determination of Two Cephalosporin Drugs Used in COVID-19 Regimen Through Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis. Abdulla, NM; Bahgat, EA; Ragab, GH; Saleh, HM, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "A retrospective monocentric cohort study was performed of 35 patients with suspected ECMO-related cannula infections (28 on ECMO, seven after ECMO removal), who received ceftobiprole as empiric treatment and had ceftobiprole blood levels measured at trough, peak and CT50 (50% of the dosing interval)." | ( Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of ceftobiprole in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Bleibtreu, A; Chommeloux, J; Combes, A; Coppens, A; Hekimian, G; Junot, H; LeFevre, L; Luyt, CE; Pineton de Chambrun, M; Robert, J; Schmidt, M; Zahr, N, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Similarly to other beta-lactams, cefditoren is a time-dependent antibiotic, and its "best" PK/PD target is probably 40% dosing interval time > 4- 5-fold MIC and 40-70% dosing interval time > 4- 5-fold MIC for bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect, respectively." | ( Cefditoren: a clinical overview. Acquasanta, A; Flammini, S; Giuliano, S; Martini, L; Sbrana, F; Tascini, C, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " In addition, six different case scenarios were presented with questions to their potential antibiotic usage, active substance/preparation and the dosing scheme." | ( [Survey on the use of antibiotics among Swiss equine veterinarians]. Kunz, T; Schoster, A; Torgerson, PR, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " This study is part of a series that systematically reviews literature on the PK and analyzes if, based on the changed PK, evidence-based dosing regimens have been developed for adequate target attainment in pregnant women." | ( The Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of Antimicrobial Drugs Throughout Pregnancy: Part III Non-penicillin and Non-cephalosporin Drugs. Groen, F; Hooge, MNL; Kosterink, JGW; Mian, P; Prins, JR; Touw, DJ; Winter, HLJ, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " In addition, if developed, evidence-based dosing regimens were also extracted." | ( The Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of Antimicrobial Drugs Throughout Pregnancy: Part III Non-penicillin and Non-cephalosporin Drugs. Groen, F; Hooge, MNL; Kosterink, JGW; Mian, P; Prins, JR; Touw, DJ; Winter, HLJ, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " However, no target attainment was studied and no evidence-based dosing developed." | ( The Pharmacokinetics and Target Attainment of Antimicrobial Drugs Throughout Pregnancy: Part III Non-penicillin and Non-cephalosporin Drugs. Groen, F; Hooge, MNL; Kosterink, JGW; Mian, P; Prins, JR; Touw, DJ; Winter, HLJ, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " This study aimed to evaluate dosing regimens for coadministration of daptomycin and ceftaroline in special populations including paediatrics, renally impaired (RI), obese and geriatrics that generate sufficient coverage against daptomycin-resistant MRSA." | ( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to inform combination dosing regimens of ceftaroline and daptomycin in special populations. Annaert, P; Martins, FS; Martins, JES; Severino, P; Sy, SKB, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "The adult dosing regimens of 6 mg/kg every (q)24h or q48h daptomycin and 300-600 mg q12h ceftaroline fosamil by RI categories achieved ≥90% joint PTA when the minimum inhibitory concentrations in the combination are at or below 1 and 4 μg/mL against MRSA." | ( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to inform combination dosing regimens of ceftaroline and daptomycin in special populations. Annaert, P; Martins, FS; Martins, JES; Severino, P; Sy, SKB, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "Our work illustrates how physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling can inform appropriate dosing of adult and paediatric patients and thereby enable prediction of target attainment in the patients during multitherapies." | ( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to inform combination dosing regimens of ceftaroline and daptomycin in special populations. Annaert, P; Martins, FS; Martins, JES; Severino, P; Sy, SKB, 2023) | 0.91 |
| "DBTs with the most wrong exits are DBTs entitled phase studies, metabolism, types of antagonism, dose-response relationship, affinity and intrinsic activity, G-protein coupled receptors, receptor types, penicillins and cephalosporins." | ( Diagnostic branched tree as an assessment and feedback tool in undergraduate pharmacology education. Tekeş, E; Toraman, Ç, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " Pharmacokinetic studies in patients supported by ECMO are warranted to determine final dosing recommendations." | ( Cefiderocol is Not Sequestered in an Ex Vivo Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Circuit. Berry, AV; Conelius, A; Gluck, JA; Kuti, JL; Nicolau, DP, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " In this study, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was calibrated based on the published data and a microdialysis experiment to assess the dosage efficiency and food safety." | ( A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to optimize the dosage regimen and withdrawal time of cefquinome in pigs. Cai, X; Hou, Y; Huang, L; Liu, Z; Ma, W; Mi, K; Pan, Y; Sun, L; Xu, X; Zhou, K, 2023) | 0.91 |
| " For β-lactam antibiotics, such as ceftaroline, prolonged infusions and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) are used for dosage optimization based on their pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD)." | ( Real-world experience of therapeutic drug monitoring and PK/PD achievement of ceftaroline administered by different infusion regimens in patients with confirmed infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Benítez-Cano, A; De-Antonio, M; Fresán, D; Grau, S; Horcajada, JP; Luque, S; Montero, MM; Roberts, JA; Sorlí, L; Vega, V, 2023) | 0.91 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| fungal metabolite | Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| cephalosporin | A class of beta-lactam antibiotics differing from the penicillins in having a 6-membered, rather than a 5-membered, side ring. Although cephalosporins are among the most commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of routine infections, and their use is increasing over time, they can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, from mild, delayed-onset cutaneous reactions to life-threatening anaphylaxis in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID373215 | Activity of Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase BcI | 2007 | Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11 | Molecular and biochemical characterization of the chromosome-encoded class A beta-lactamase BCL-1 from Bacillus clausii. |
| AID1723016 | Antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 infected in mouse assessed as reduction in bacterial infection by measuring colony counts at 0.25 umol/kg, sc administered every 12 hrs for 3 days by plate colony counting assay (Rvb = 6.40 +/- | 2020 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-10, Volume: 63, Issue:17 | Identification of New Nitric Oxide-Donating Peptides with Dual Biofilm Eradication and Antibacterial Activities for Intervention of Device-Related Infections. |
| AID1723013 | Antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 assessed as decrease in living bacterial cells in biofilm on bottom of confocal dish at 100 uM incubated for 12 hrs by live-cell fluorescence staining assay | 2020 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-10, Volume: 63, Issue:17 | Identification of New Nitric Oxide-Donating Peptides with Dual Biofilm Eradication and Antibacterial Activities for Intervention of Device-Related Infections. |
| AID660263 | Ratio of MIC for wild type Salmonella typhimurium SH5014 to MIC for Salmonella typhimurium SH7616 harboring missense mutation in acrA/acrB gene by two-fold serial dilution method | 2012 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 52 | Computational analysis of structure-based interactions and ligand properties can predict efflux effects on antibiotics. |
| AID660265 | Antimicrobial activity against wild type Escherichia coli expressing AcrAB-TolC efflux pump | 2012 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 52 | Computational analysis of structure-based interactions and ligand properties can predict efflux effects on antibiotics. |
| AID1723011 | Antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 assessed as inhibition of continuous biofilm growth at 100 uM incubated for 1-2 hrs by biofilm dynamic detection assay | 2020 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-10, Volume: 63, Issue:17 | Identification of New Nitric Oxide-Donating Peptides with Dual Biofilm Eradication and Antibacterial Activities for Intervention of Device-Related Infections. |
| AID1723018 | Antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 infected in mouse assessed as reduction in bacterial inflammation in vicinity tissues of implanted site at 0.25 umol/kg, sc administered every 12 hrs for 3 days by H and E staining based assay | 2020 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-10, Volume: 63, Issue:17 | Identification of New Nitric Oxide-Donating Peptides with Dual Biofilm Eradication and Antibacterial Activities for Intervention of Device-Related Infections. |
| AID1159607 | Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction | 2016 | Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6 | A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 7361 (38.36) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 4088 (21.30) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 3306 (17.23) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 3178 (16.56) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1257 (6.55) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (34.68) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 2,093 (10.22%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 1,982 (9.68%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 1,661 (8.11%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 79 (0.39%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 14,661 (71.60%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||