vitexin profile

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Pennisetum	genus	A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The seed is one of the millets used in EDIBLE GRAIN. It contains vitexin. The common name of buffelgrass is also used for CENCHRUS.[MeSH]	Poaceae	A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5280441
CHEMBL ID	487417
CHEBI ID	16954
SCHEMBL ID	25277
MeSH ID	M0101916

Synonym
AC-6086
CHEBI:16954 ,
(1s)-1,5-anhydro-1-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4h-chromen-8-yl]-d-glucitol
4h-1-benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-8-.beta.-d-glucopyranosyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]chromen-4-one
4h-1-benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-8-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
flavone, 8-d-glucosyl-4',5,7-trihydroxy-
8-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
einecs 222-963-8
4h-1-benzopyran-4-one, 8-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
8-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-apigenin
vitexin ,
C01460
apigenin 8-c-glucoside
3681-93-4
NCGC00163642-01
CHEMBL487417
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one
bdbm50362886
9vp70k75ok ,
unii-9vp70k75ok
S9192
apigenin-8-c-glucoside
vitexin [usp-rs]
flavone, 8-.beta.-d-glucopyranosyl-4',5,7-trihydroxy-
vitexin [inci]
apigenin-8-c-.beta.-d-glucopyranoside
vitexin [who-dd]
4h-1-benzopyran-4-one, 8-.beta.-d-glucopyranosyl-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
vitexina
orientoside
vitexine
AKOS025311479
CCG-208516
SCHEMBL25277
vitxein
Q-100437
apigenin 8-c-.beta.-d-glucoside
SGEWCQFRYRRZDC-VPRICQMDSA-N
5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone 8-c-.beta.-d-glucopyranoside
HB4123
mfcd00017456
DTXSID90190287 ,
vitexin, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
vitexin, analytical standard
vitexin, primary pharmaceutical reference standard
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-((2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)-4h-chromen-4-one
8-glycosyl-apigenin
8-glycosylapigenin
(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)-
8-((2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-
vitexin,(s)
Q259075
CS-0007090
HY-N0013
AS-55909
vitexin 100 microg/ml in acetone:water
vitexin (constituent of hawthorn leaf with flower)
vitexin (usp-rs)
(1s)-1,5-anhydro-1-(5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4h-chromen-8-yl)-d-glucitol
dtxcid00112778
flavone, 8-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-4',5,7-trihydroxy-

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Vitexin is a natural active ingredient in hawthorn leaves, which has a wide range of anti-tumor effects. "	( Protective effect of hawthorn vitexin on the ethanol-injured DNA of BRL-3A hepatocytes. Deng, Y; Ding, C; He, Q; Kang, M; Ma, J; Shen, H; Tian, Z; Wang, D; Wang, J; Zhang, Y, 2021)	2.35
"Vitexin is a flavonoid which exerted many protective activities. "	( N-trimethyl chitosan coated targeting nanoparticles improve the oral bioavailability and antioxidant activity of vitexin. Chen, Y; Guan, X; Li, S; Luo, L; Lv, H; Song, H; Wang, S; Zhang, Y, 2022)	2.37
"Vitexin is a naturally-occurring flavonoid that is identified in various plant sources."	( Vitexin alleviates inflammation and enhances apoptosis through the regulation of the JAK/STAT/SOCS signaling pathway in the arthritis rat model. Ning, T; Wang, H; Zhang, D, 2022)	2.89
"Vitexin is a natural flavonoid with many biological activities and protective effects against various diseases."	( Vitexin attenuates chronic kidney disease by inhibiting renal tubular epithelial cell ferroptosis via NRF2 activation. Cai, F; Gan, W; Lei, J; Sheng, J; Song, J; Wang, H; Yang, Y; Zhang, W, 2023)	3.07
"Vitexin (VT) is a main bioactive flavonoid compound derived from the dried leaf of hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida), a widely used Chinese traditional folk medicine. "	( Vitexin attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by regulating mitochondrial dysfunction induced by mitochondrial dynamics imbalance. Dong, L; Huang, D; Sun, F; Tang, H; Wang, X; Xue, W; Zhu, H, 2020)	3.44
"Vitexin is a natural flavonoid compound with multiple pharmacological activities and is extracted from the leaves and seeds of Vitex negundo L. "	( Rapid Profiling and Identification of Vitexin Metabolites in Rat Urine, Plasma and Faeces after Oral Administration Using a UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer Coupled with Multiple Data-mining Methods. Dai, L; Dong, F; Dong, P; Jiang, S; Li, H; Shi, L; Wang, S; Xu, J; Zhang, J, 2021)	2.34
"Vitexin is a C-glycosylated flavone found in various medicinal plants with several proven biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities. "	( Genotoxicity and Antigenotoxicity Assessments of the Flavonoid Vitexin by the Drosophila melanogaster Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test. Almeida, IV; da Rosa Guterres, Z; Fernandes, LM; Vicentini, VEP, 2017)	2.14
"Vitexin is an important component of various medicinal plants frequently used to treat asthma, such as Crataegus spp., Vitex spp., Passiflora spp., and Echinodorus spp. "	( Vitexin inhibits inflammation in murine ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. Arunachalam, K; Balogun, SO; Damazo, AS; de Almeida, DAT; Macho, A; Martins, DTO; Pavan, E; Rosa, SIG; Venturini, CL, 2018)	3.37
"Vitexin is an active component from medicinal plants which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities."	( Vitexin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by controlling the Nrf2 pathway. Gu, L; Liu, J; Lu, Y; Yu, T, 2018)	2.64
"Vitexin is a flavone C-glycoside (apigenin-8-C-?-D-glucopyranoside) present in several medicinal and other plants."	( Vitexin reverses the autophagy dysfunction to attenuate MCAO-induced cerebral ischemic stroke via mTOR/Ulk1 pathway. Cui, H; Dai, J; Jiang, J, 2018)	2.64
"Vitexin is a flavone glycoside isolated from the leaf of Crataeguspinnatifida Bunge, the utility of which has been demonstrated in several cardiovascular diseases. "	( Vitexin protects against cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting calcineurin and CaMKII signaling pathways. Du, ZM; Hang, PZ; Lu, CC; Qi, JC; Wang, C; Wang, Y; Wu, JC; Wu, JW; Xu, YQ; Zhang, Y, 2013)	3.28
"Vitexin is a major bioactive flavonoid compound derived from the dried leaf of hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida), a widely used conventional folk medicine in China. "	( Vitexin protects brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulating mitogen-activated protein kinase and apoptosis signaling in mice. Chen, Z; Dong, L; Jiang, Q; Li, X; Wang, Y; Wu, X; Zhang, G; Zhen, Y, 2015)	3.3
"Vitexin is a flavonoid found in plants of different genus such as Vitex spp. "	( Vitexin reduces neutrophil migration to inflammatory focus by down-regulating pro-inflammatory mediators via inhibition of p38, ERK1/2 and JNK pathway. Balogun, SO; Martins, DT; Rios-Santos, F; Rosa, SI, 2016)	3.32
"Vitexin is a bioactive compound extracted from hawthorn leaves, which reduces blood pressure and has anti‑inflammatory and potential anticancer effects. "	( Neuroprotective effects of vitexin against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by targeting the TRPV1 and NR2B signaling pathways. Chen, L; Shan, S; Zhang, B; Zhao, X, 2016)	2.17
"Vitexin is a natural flavonoid characterized by anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties."	( Vitexin alleviates ox-LDL-mediated endothelial injury by inducing autophagy via AMPK signaling activation. Chen, Z; Guo, C; Li, J; Li, Y; Zhang, P; Zhang, S, 2017)	2.62
"Vitexin is a class of nature lignan compounds, whose action and anticancer effect is mediated by the mechanisms different from the classic lignans. "	( Vitexins, nature-derived lignan compounds, induce apoptosis and suppress tumor growth. Cao, J; Chen, Y; Li, Y; Liu, YE; Potters, L; Pu, W; Shen, C; Shi, YE; Zeng, G; Zhou, M; Zhou, Y, 2009)	3.24

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Vitexin has a protective effect against ethanol-induced liver damage, and the underlying mechanism is probably through Sirt1/p53 mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway."	( Vitexin protects against ethanol-induced liver injury through Sirt1/p53 signaling pathway. Chen, S; Du, X; Duan, S; Guan, T; Hou, S; Huang, S; Lai, X; Lin, J; Yuan, H; Yuan, X, 2020)	2.72
"Vitexin has a higher protein binding rate with both rat plasma and human plasma."	( [Determination of plasma protein binding rate of vitexin]. Tong, C; Wu, X, 2012)	2.08
"Vitexin has shown activities against esophageal, liver, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancers; however, there is little knowledge on the activity of vitexin against glioblastoma."	( Effects of Vitexin, a Natural Flavonoid Glycoside, on the Proliferation, Invasion, and Apoptosis of Human U251 Glioblastoma Cells. Huang, J; Su, F; Xu, L; Zhong, X; Zhou, Y, 2022)	1.83
"Vitexin has been shown to alleviate heat stress; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear."	( Vitexin Regulates Heat Shock Protein Expression by Modulating ROS Levels Thereby Protecting against Heat-Stress-Induced Apoptosis. Sheng, Y; Tian, Y; Wang, C; Wu, T, 2023)	3.07
"Vitexin has protective effects against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by targeting miR-409 and the AMPK/GSK3β pathway."	( Vitexin improves neuron apoptosis and memory impairment induced by isoflurane via regulation of miR-409 expression. Chen, L; Nie, Y; Qi, Y; Shan, S; Wang, Y, 2020)	3.44
"Vitexin has a protective effect against ethanol-induced liver damage, and the underlying mechanism is probably through Sirt1/p53 mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway."	( Vitexin protects against ethanol-induced liver injury through Sirt1/p53 signaling pathway. Chen, S; Du, X; Duan, S; Guan, T; Hou, S; Huang, S; Lai, X; Lin, J; Yuan, H; Yuan, X, 2020)	2.72
"Vitexin has a higher protein binding rate with both rat plasma and human plasma."	( [Determination of plasma protein binding rate of vitexin]. Tong, C; Wu, X, 2012)	2.08

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Vitexin was found to inhibit cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion and promote apoptosis in U251 cells."	( Effects of Vitexin, a Natural Flavonoid Glycoside, on the Proliferation, Invasion, and Apoptosis of Human U251 Glioblastoma Cells. Huang, J; Su, F; Xu, L; Zhong, X; Zhou, Y, 2022)	1.83
"Vitexin can suppress the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro orin vivo."	( Vitexin prevents colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice through regulating macrophage polarization. Chen, S; Chen, Y; Gao, J; Hou, S; Hu, J; Liang, J; Lin, J; Lu, Y; Wang, B; Yuan, X, 2021)	2.79

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Vitexin treatment remarkably inhibited OVA-LPS induced inflammatory cell infiltration, mast cell activation, alveolar collapse, congestion, fibrosis in lung architecture. "	( Vitexin restores lung homeostasis by targeting vicious loop between inflammatory aggravation and autophagy mediated via multiple redox cascade and myeloid cells alteration in experimental allergic asthma. Bhardwaj, N; Kumari, M; Sharma, A; Tirpude, NV, 2022)	3.61
"Vitexin treatment significantly suppressed the elevation of aminotransferase, blood lipid, UA in mice."	( Vitexin protects against ethanol-induced liver injury through Sirt1/p53 signaling pathway. Chen, S; Du, X; Duan, S; Guan, T; Hou, S; Huang, S; Lai, X; Lin, J; Yuan, H; Yuan, X, 2020)	2.72
"Vitexin-treated nematodes showed a significant reduction in the expression of Aβ, ace-1, and ace-2 genes when compared to control."	( Vitexin prevents Aβ proteotoxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease by modulating unfolded protein response. Balamurugan, K; Devi, KP; Jeyakumar, M; Malar, DS; Prasanth, MI, 2021)	2.79
"Vitexin pretreatment increased the Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio and decreased phosphorylation of Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and NF-κB, cleaved caspase-3 protein expression 24 hours after injury."	( Vitexin protects against hypoxic-ischemic injury via inhibiting Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and apoptosis signaling in the neonatal mouse brain. Bsoul, N; Han, S; He, XH; Kong, WL; Liu, WH; Min, JW; Peng, BW; Sanchez, RM, 2017)	2.62
"Treatment with vitexin suppressed the endothelial inflammation induced by OS or tumor necrosis factor-α."	( Vitexin inhibits APEX1 to counteract the flow-induced endothelial inflammation. Chien, S; Cui, Q; Jiang, ZT; Li, YS; Pang, W; Tang, RZ; Wang, D; Wang, X; Yang, FF; Yao, WJ; Zhang, YP; Zhao, CR; Zhao, JN; Zhou, J; Zhou, Y; Zhu, JJ, 2021)	2.4
"Treatment with vitexin exhibits a protective response in S."	( Vitexin alters Staphylococcus aureus surface hydrophobicity to obstruct biofilm formation. Acharjee, S; Akhter, Y; Bhattacharjee, S; Das Gupta, SK; Das, A; Das, MC; Daware, AV; De, UC; Ghosh, C; Jawed, JJ; Majumdar, S; Samaddar, S; Sandhu, P, 2022)	2.5
"Pre-treatment with vitexin maintained cellular viability and prevented inflammation by inducing the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene (BCL-2) and reducing the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene (Bax) and pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6) in heat-stressed BuMECs."	( Pre-treatment but not co-treatment with vitexin alleviates hyperthermia induced oxidative stress and inflammation in buffalo mammary epithelial cells. Aggarwal, A; Alhussien, MN; Arya, A; Grewal, S; Jaswal, S; Pal, P; Rani, S; Senthamilan, S; Vats, P, 2023)	1.5
"Pretreatment with vitexin was found to inhibit the ox-LDL-induced overexpression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, E-selectin, ICAM1 and VCAM1."	( Vitexin alleviates ox-LDL-mediated endothelial injury by inducing autophagy via AMPK signaling activation. Chen, Z; Guo, C; Li, J; Li, Y; Zhang, P; Zhang, S, 2017)	2.22

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The acute toxicity study showed that the LD50 of the extract was greater than 5000 mg/kg."	( Genotoxicity and acute and subchronic toxicity studies of a standardized methanolic extract of Ficus deltoidea leaves. Ahamed, MB; Asmawi, MZ; Farsi, E; Hor, SY; Ismail, Z; Shafaei, A; Yam, MF, 2013)	0.39

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"A simple and accurate liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for determination and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of vitexin rhamnoside in rat plasma."	( Quantitative LC/MS/MS method and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of vitexin rhamnoside, a bioactive constituent on cardiovascular system from hawthorn. Chen, C; Li, H; Liang, M; Liu, R; Pan, Q; Shen, Y; Wang, X; Xu, W; Zhang, C; Zhang, W, 2007)	0.77
" After intravenous administration of HLF to rats over the doses range of 10-40 mg/kg, the plasma concentration--time curves of VGL and VRH were both conformed to the three-compartment open pharmacokinetic model and linear pharmacokinetic characteristics."	( Simultaneous determination of vitexin-4''-O-glucoside and vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside from Hawthorn leaves flavonoids in rat plasma by HPLC method and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Chen, Z; Jiang, XH; Li, CR; Liu, TM; Ma, G; Ren, J, 2007)	0.63
"The method is simple, accurate, fast, sensitive and suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of vitexin in rats."	( [Determination of vitexin in plasma by HPLC-MS/MS method and its pharmacokinetics in rats]. Cui, SM; Liao, HW; Wei, XF; Ye, ZZ; Zhang, J, 2012)	0.93

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" It was further applied to assess pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of vitexin rhamnoside after intravenous and oral administration to rats."	( Quantitative LC/MS/MS method and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of vitexin rhamnoside, a bioactive constituent on cardiovascular system from hawthorn. Chen, C; Li, H; Liang, M; Liu, R; Pan, Q; Shen, Y; Wang, X; Xu, W; Zhang, C; Zhang, W, 2007)	0.81
"The intestinal first-pass effect of vitexin was considerable, and gastric and hepatic first-pass effects also contribute to the low absolute oral bioavailability of vitexin."	( Hepatic, gastric, and intestinal first-pass effects of vitexin in rats. Kang, TG; Meng, YH; Xue, HF; Ying, XX; Ying, ZM; Zhang, WJ, 2014)	0.92
" Recent strategies in drug delivery significantly contribute to overcoming the low bioavailability of flavonoids."	( Antiviral Properties of Flavonoids and Delivery Strategies. Antonelli, A; Magnani, M; Ninfali, P; Scarpa, ES, 2020)	0.56
" However, it exhibits low bioavailability and low efficacy due to its hydrophobic nature."	( A Novel Sprague-Dawley Rat Model Presents Improved NASH/NAFLD Symptoms with PEG Coated Vitexin Liposomes. Alrdahe, SS; Amin, F; Azhar, S; Batool, F; Farooq, A; Fatima, M; Iqbal, A; Maryam, T; Menaa, F; Mohammedsaleh, ZM; Nawaz, A; Rana, NF; Rehman, Z, 2022)	0.94
" However, the low bioavailability discounts the in vivo effects of vitexin."	( N-trimethyl chitosan coated targeting nanoparticles improve the oral bioavailability and antioxidant activity of vitexin. Chen, Y; Guan, X; Li, S; Luo, L; Lv, H; Song, H; Wang, S; Zhang, Y, 2022)	1.17
"In order to overcome the insolution and low bioavailability of the vitexin in vivo, β-cyclodextrin-vitexin (β-CD-vitexin) microspheres were prepared, and their effects on the proliferation of SW480 cells were observed."	( Preparation of β-CD-Vitexin Microspheres and their Effects on SW480 Cell Proliferation. Deng, Y; Ding, C; Kang, M; Li, S; Ma, J; Tian, Z; Wang, D; Zhang, K; Zhang, Y, 2023)	1.47

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Twelve of these active compounds together with six standard compounds were used to study the dose-response effects and structure-activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids."	( Rapid screening of transferrin-binders in the flowers of Bauhinia blakeana Dunn by on-line high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detector-electrospray ionization-ion-trap-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry-transferrin-fluorescence detection sys Chen, S; Dong, J; Guo, N; Jiang, H; Li, W; Lin, Z; Liu, M; Niu, Y; Wang, H; Zhang, X, 2016)	0.43
" Meanwhile, VI of higher dosage (45, 60 mg/kg) corrected abnormal pregnancy outcomes, including low pup weight and low pups/placenta ratio."	( Vitexin ameliorates preeclampsia phenotypes by inhibiting TFPI-2 and HIF-1α/VEGF in a l-NAME induced rat model. Huang, J; Kong, H; Su, Y; Wang, F; Xin, H; Zheng, L, 2019)	1.96

Role	Description
platelet aggregation inhibitor	A drug or agent which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor	An EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20).
antineoplastic agent	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
plant metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
C-glycosyl compound	A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a carbon atom, thus creating a C-C bond.
trihydroxyflavone	Any hydroxyflavone carrying three hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	8.9125	0.0032	45.4673	12,589.2998	AID2517
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.7781	0.0316	22.3146	100.0000	AID588579
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Neuraminidase	Influenza A virus (A/Wilson-Smith/1933(H1N1))	IC50 (µMol)	47.0667	0.0000	0.5035	10.0000	AID366284; AID366285; AID366286
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	566.6600	0.0010	1.1913	10.0000	AID639825
Substance-P receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	IC50 (µMol)	46.5000	0.0000	2.7518	10.0000	AID366285
2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	190.0000	1.3200	1.4325	1.6300	AID1820767
Substance-K receptor	Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)	IC50 (µMol)	46.5000	0.0150	0.0150	0.0150	AID366285
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
retinoid metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell maturation	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
renal water homeostasis	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of urine volume	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
daunorubicin metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
doxorubicin metabolic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
fructose biosynthetic process	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular hyperosmotic salinity response	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric collecting duct development	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA processing	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA processing	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mRNA stability	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
fat cell differentiation	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glucose import	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA processing	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
retinal dehydrogenase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
aldose reductase (NADPH) activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
electron transfer activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin H2 endoperoxidase reductase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glucuronate reductase activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
glycerol dehydrogenase [NADP+] activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA endonuclease activity	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA nuclease activity	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activity	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA binding	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complex binding	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular_component	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	2-5A-dependent ribonuclease	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID751174	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia at 1 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 1 to 5 hrs by hot plate test	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID736017	Anti-stress activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as change in acute stress-induced adrenal gland weight at 40 mg/kg, po qd for 3 days prior to acute stress induction measured after 150 mins (Rvb = 10.2 +/- 0.84 mg/kg)	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 21, Issue:5	Evolvosides C–E, flavonol-4'-O-triglycosides from evolvulus alsinoides and their anti-stress activity [corrected].
AID697852	Inhibition of electric eel AChE at 2 mg/ml by Ellman's method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Exploration of natural compounds as sources of new bifunctional scaffolds targeting cholinesterases and beta amyloid aggregation: the case of chelerythrine.
AID751171	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced mechanical hyperalgesia at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs after complete Freund's adjuvant-challenge for seven days by electronic pressure-meter test	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID481717	Inhibition of Influenza A PR/8/34 H1N1 virus neuraminidase activity by MUN-ANA substrate based fluorimetric assay	2010	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 45, Issue:5	QSAR study of flavonoids and biflavonoids as influenza H1N1 virus neuraminidase inhibitors.
AID751186	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of phenyl-p-benzoquinone-induced writhing response at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to phenyl-p-benzoquinone-challenge measured for 20 mins	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID697853	Inhibition of horse BChE at 2 mg/ml by Ellman's method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 20, Issue:22	Exploration of natural compounds as sources of new bifunctional scaffolds targeting cholinesterases and beta amyloid aggregation: the case of chelerythrine.
AID436183	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH free radical scavenging activity after 30 mins	2008	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 71, Issue:11	Antityrosinase and antioxidant effects of ent-kaurane diterpenes from leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera.
AID1381793	Antiproliferative activity against human UOCB1 cells after 72 hrs by CelTiter-Glo assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Novel vitexin-inspired scaffold against leukemia.
AID751176	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia at 1 to 3 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 5 hrs by electronic pressure-meter test	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID1764188	Hypolipidemic activity against oleic acid/palmitic acid-induced hyperlipidemia in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in triglycerides content relative to control group	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 47	Phenolic compounds from the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br. And their lipid-lowering effects.
AID751188	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing response at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to acetic acid-challenge measured for 20 mins	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751180	Antinociceptive activity in ip dosed Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured at 1 to 5 hrs by electronic pressure-meter test	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID736015	Anti-stress activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as change in acute stress-induced plasma creatine kinase level at 40 mg/kg, po qd for 3 days prior to acute stress induction measured after 150 mins (Rvb = 1018 +/- 31.43 mg/dl)	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 21, Issue:5	Evolvosides C–E, flavonol-4'-O-triglycosides from evolvulus alsinoides and their anti-stress activity [corrected].
AID751181	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as decrease in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced time spent for licking paw at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to complete Freund's adjuvant-challenge measured after 30 mins	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID366285	Inhibition of Influenza A PR/8/34 H1N1 virus neuraminidase activity by MUN-ANA substrate based fluorimetric assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors and their in vitro anti-viral activities.
AID1411730	Inhibition of recombinant human CYP1A1 expressed in baker's yeast-derived microsomes (Sacchrosomes) at 10 uM using 7-ethoxyresorufin substrate by EROD assay relative to control	2018	MedChemComm, Feb-01, Volume: 9, Issue:2	Identification of karanjin isolated from the Indian beech tree as a potent CYP1 enzyme inhibitor with cellular efficacy
AID751189	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing response at 1 to 3 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to acetic acid-challenge measured for 20 mins	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751177	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 1 to 5 hrs by electronic pressure-meter test	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751191	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced paw flinching at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to complete Freund's adjuvant-challenge measured after 30 mins	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751167	Antioxidant activity in Swiss mouse assessed as prevention of carrageenan-induced decrease in 2,2'-Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid) scavenging ability at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 3 hrs	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID1381795	Antiproliferative activity against human BJ cells after 72 hrs by CelTiter-Glo assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Novel vitexin-inspired scaffold against leukemia.
AID1820767	Inhibition of recombinant full length H-RNAase L (1 to 741 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as inhibition rate in presence of 2-5A and ATP/MgCl2 by STD-NMR spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-27, Volume: 65, Issue:2	Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of RNase L by Fragment-Based Drug Discovery.
AID1372697	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase using tyrosine as substrate pretreated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 20 mins by ELISA	2018	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-15, Volume: 26, Issue:2	Characterization of tyrosinase inhibitory constituents from the aerial parts of Humulus japonicus using LC-MS/MS coupled online assay.
AID736016	Anti-stress activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as change in acute stress-induced plasma glucose level at 40 mg/kg, po qd for 3 days prior to acute stress induction measured after 150 mins (Rvb = 154.7 +/- 4.38 mg/dl)	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 21, Issue:5	Evolvosides C–E, flavonol-4'-O-triglycosides from evolvulus alsinoides and their anti-stress activity [corrected].
AID456318	DPPH radical scavenging activity assessed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1	Reliability of bond dissociation enthalpy calculated by the PM6 method and experimental TEAC values in antiradical QSAR of flavonoids.
AID366284	Inhibition of Influenza A Jinan/15/90 H3N2 virus neuraminidase activity by MUN-ANA substrate based fluorimetric assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors and their in vitro anti-viral activities.
AID751175	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia at 3 to 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 1 to 5 hrs by hot plate test	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751163	Antiinflammatory activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced IL-33 production 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 3 hrs by ELISA	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID1659751	Agonist activity at TRPA1 (unknown origin) at 1000 uM relative to AITC	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-01, Volume: 30, Issue:11	Identification of a new class of non-electrophilic TRPA1 agonists by a structure-based virtual screening approach.
AID751170	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced thermal hyperalgesia at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs after complete Freund's adjuvant-challenge for seven days by hot plate test	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751158	Hepatotoxicity in Swiss mouse assessed as change in plasma ALT level at 10 mg/kg, ip for 7 days	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID1381794	Antiproliferative activity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by CelTiter-Glo assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Novel vitexin-inspired scaffold against leukemia.
AID751161	Neurotoxicity in Swiss mouse assessed as change in motor response at 10 mg/kg, ip after 1.5 hrs by rotarod test (Rvb = 180 seconds)	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751190	Antinociceptive activity in ip dosed Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing response administered 30 mins prior to acetic acid-challenge measured for 20 mins	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID1265118	Inhibition of recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged AKR1B10 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 cells using all-trans-retinal as substrate at 20 uM incubated for 15 mins by HPLC method	2015	Journal of natural products, Nov-25, Volume: 78, Issue:11	Flavones Inhibit the Activity of AKR1B10, a Promising Therapeutic Target for Cancer Treatment.
AID751182	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as decrease in capsaicin-induced time spent for licking paw at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to capsaicin-challenge measured after 5 mins	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID436182	Antioxidant activity assessed as superoxide free radical scavenging activity after 60 mins by xanthine oxidase method	2008	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 71, Issue:11	Antityrosinase and antioxidant effects of ent-kaurane diterpenes from leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera.
AID436181	Antioxidant activity assessed as superoxide free radical scavenging activity after 30 mins by xanthine oxidase method	2008	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 71, Issue:11	Antityrosinase and antioxidant effects of ent-kaurane diterpenes from leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera.
AID751162	Antiinflammatory activity in Swiss mouse assessed as increase in carrageenan-induced IL-10 production 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 3 hrs by ELISA	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID493896	Glucose uptake enhancing activity in insulin-stimulated mouse 3T3L1 cells at 10 uM after 4 days by FLIPR based 2-DG uptake assay relative to control	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 20, Issue:15	Glucose uptake enhancing activity of puerarin and the role of C-glucoside suggested from activity of related compounds.
AID1381791	Antiproliferative activity against human SEM cells after 72 hrs by CelTiter-Glo assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Novel vitexin-inspired scaffold against leukemia.
AID751173	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of capsaicin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to capsaicin-challenge measured after 1 to 5 hrs by electronic pressure-meter test	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID1859366	Displacement of [3H]TTP/polyA from HIV-1 reverse transcriptase at 200 ug/ml relative to control	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 233	Natural products and synthetic analogues against HIV: A perspective to develop new potential anti-HIV drugs.
AID338974	Inhibition of cow milk xanthine oxidase at 50 ug/mL
AID751184	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as decrease in formalin-induced time spent for licking paw at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to formalin-challenge measured after 30 mins	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID1820766	Inhibition of recombinant full length P-RNAase L (1 to 743 residues)expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as inhibition rate in presence of 2-5A AND ATP/MgCl2 by STD-NMR spectroscopy	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-27, Volume: 65, Issue:2	Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of RNase L by Fragment-Based Drug Discovery.
AID1381790	Antiproliferative activity against human KOPN8 cells after 72 hrs by CelTiter-Glo assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Novel vitexin-inspired scaffold against leukemia.
AID751159	Neurotoxicity in Swiss mouse assessed as change in motor response at 10 mg/kg, ip after 5.5 hrs by rotarod test (Rvb = 180 seconds)	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID456316	ABTS radical scavenging activity assessed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1	Reliability of bond dissociation enthalpy calculated by the PM6 method and experimental TEAC values in antiradical QSAR of flavonoids.
AID751183	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of capsaicin-induced paw flinching at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to capsaicin-challenge measured after 5 mins	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751169	Antioxidant activity in Swiss mouse assessed as prevention of carrageenan-induced decrease in GSH levels at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 3 hrs by UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID436180	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase after 90 mins	2008	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 71, Issue:11	Antityrosinase and antioxidant effects of ent-kaurane diterpenes from leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera.
AID751165	Antiinflammatory activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced IL-1beta production 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 3 hrs by ELISA	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751168	Antioxidant activity in Swiss mouse assessed as prevention of carrageenan-induced decrease in ferric-reducing ability potential at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 3 hrs by spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID403918	Displacement of [3H]DPCPX from adenosine A1 receptor in rat forebrain membrane assessed as fraction of receptor bound radioligand at 100 ug/mL	1997	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 60, Issue:6	Adenosine-1 active ligands: cirsimarin, a flavone glycoside from Microtea debilis.
AID751154	Toxicity in Swiss mouse assessed as change in myeloperoxidase activity in stomach at 10 mg/kg, ip for 7 days by spectrophotometric analysis	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID639825	Inhibition of human recombinant aldose reductase using D-glyceraldehyde as substrate preincubated for 10 mins before substrate addition measured for every 10 secs for 50 mins by spectrophotometry	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 20, Issue:3	Construction of an Indonesian herbal constituents database and its use in Random Forest modelling in a search for inhibitors of aldose reductase.
AID751166	Antiinflammatory activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced TNFalpha production 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 3 hrs by ELISA	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751164	Antiinflammatory activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced IL-6 production 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 3 hrs by ELISA	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751172	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of capsaicin-induced thermal hyperalgesia at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to capsaicin-challenge measured after 1 to 3 hrs by hot plate test	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID1764182	Hypolipidemic activity against oleic acid/palmitic acid-induced hyperlipidemia in human HepG2 cells assessed as triglycerides content measured per gm of protein	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 47	Phenolic compounds from the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br. And their lipid-lowering effects.
AID751178	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia at 1 to 3 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 3 hrs by electronic pressure-meter test	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751179	Antinociceptive activity in ip dosed Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia administered 30 mins prior to carrageenan-challenge measured after 1 to 5 hrs by hot plate test	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751157	Hepatotoxicity in Swiss mouse assessed as change in plasma AST level at 10 mg/kg, ip for 7 days	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID1705065	Inhibition of biotinylated 5-(4-((Z)-3-Carboxy-3-hydroxyacryloyl)-4-(4-chlorobenzyl)piperidine-1-carbonyl)-2-((13,35-dioxo-39-((3aR,4R,6aS)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazole-4-yl)-3,6,9,16,19,22,25,28,31-nonaoxa-12,34-diazanonatriacontyl)oxy)benzoi	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 208	Unraveling the anti-influenza effect of flavonoids: Experimental validation of luteolin and its congeners as potent influenza endonuclease inhibitors.
AID436179	Inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase after 30 mins	2008	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 71, Issue:11	Antityrosinase and antioxidant effects of ent-kaurane diterpenes from leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera.
AID751185	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of formalin-induced paw flinching at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to formalin-challenge measured after 30 mins	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID1820778	Inhibition of RNAase L in human A549 cells assessed as rRNA cleavage pretreated at 30 uM for 4 hrs followed by treated with 20 uM 2-5A by Western blotting analysis	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 01-27, Volume: 65, Issue:2	Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of RNase L by Fragment-Based Drug Discovery.
AID736014	Anti-stress activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as change in acute stress-induced plasma corticosterone level at 40 mg/kg, po qd for 3 days prior to acute stress induction measured after 150 mins by HPLC/UV analysis (Rvb = 511.2 +/- 23.2 ng/ml)	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 21, Issue:5	Evolvosides C–E, flavonol-4'-O-triglycosides from evolvulus alsinoides and their anti-stress activity [corrected].
AID1381792	Antiproliferative activity against human SUP-B15 cells after 72 hrs by CelTiter-Glo assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Novel vitexin-inspired scaffold against leukemia.
AID1764185	Hypolipidemic activity against oleic acid/palmitic acid-induced hyperlipidemia in human HepG2 cells assessed reduction in total cholesterol level at 0.001 to 10 uM	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 47	Phenolic compounds from the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br. And their lipid-lowering effects.
AID366286	Inhibition of Influenza A Jiangsu/10/2003 virus neuraminidase activity by MUN-ANA substrate based fluorimetric assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors and their in vitro anti-viral activities.
AID1381796	Antiproliferative activity against human THLE2 cells after 72 hrs by CelTiter-Glo assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146	Novel vitexin-inspired scaffold against leukemia.
AID751160	Neurotoxicity in Swiss mouse assessed as change in motor response at 10 mg/kg, ip after 3.5 hrs by rotarod test (Rvb = 180 seconds)	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID751187	Antinociceptive activity in Swiss mouse assessed as inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing response at 0.3 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to acetic acid-challenge measured for 20 mins	2013	Journal of natural products, Jun-28, Volume: 76, Issue:6	Vitexin inhibits inflammatory pain in mice by targeting TRPV1, oxidative stress, and cytokines.
AID1705068	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/California/07/2009(H1N1)) neuraminidase at 400 uM by DNA-linked inhibitor antibody assay	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 208	Unraveling the anti-influenza effect of flavonoids: Experimental validation of luteolin and its congeners as potent influenza endonuclease inhibitors.
AID1764184	Hypolipidemic activity against oleic acid/palmitic acid-induced hyperlipidemia in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in triglycerides level at 0.01 to 1 uM	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 47	Phenolic compounds from the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br. And their lipid-lowering effects.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	3 (1.18)	18.7374
1990's	6 (2.36)	18.2507
2000's	32 (12.60)	29.6817
2010's	138 (54.33)	24.3611
2020's	75 (29.53)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (0.38%)	5.53%
Reviews	12 (4.56%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	250 (95.06%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.5	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2.54	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
benzaldehyde [no description available]	2.17	1	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.17	1	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.17	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.15	1	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	2.07	1	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	2.07	1	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.07	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.	2.31	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.07	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.07	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	1.97	1	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	2.31	1	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.77	3	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	2.17	1	0	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.17	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	2.25	1	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.08	1	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	2.17	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin [no description available]	2.45	2	0	hydroxyflavan
epibatidine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.11	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
7,8-dihydroxyflavone 7,8-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A naturally occurring flavonoid produced by several plants, including the weed Tridax procumbens (coalbuttons or tridax daisy) and the tree Godmania aesculifolia, In animal models, it has shown efficacy against several diseases of the nervous system, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's.	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavone	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.13	1	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.17	1	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	2.07	1	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	7.6	1	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	2	1	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
5-methoxypsoralen 5-Methoxypsoralen: A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS.. 5-methoxypsoralen : A 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.	2.52	2	0	5-methoxyfurocoumarin; organic heterotricyclic compound; psoralens	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1,4-benzoquinone: ubiquinol analog. 6-decylubiquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,3-dimethoxybenzoquinone which has been substituted at positions 5 and 6 by decyl and methyl groups.	2.07	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.15	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
3,3'-diindolylmethane 3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonist	2.07	1	0	indoles	antineoplastic agent; P450 inhibitor
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	2.07	1	0	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
embelin embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.07	1	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	2.6	1	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.	2.11	1	0	aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.07	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	7.61	2	0
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.03	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.53	2	0
hypericin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
indole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.	2.07	1	0	indolyl alcohol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.58	2	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	7.52	2	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
nsc 664704 kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	2.07	1	0	indolobenzazepine; lactam; organobromine compound	cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.52	2	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	2.07	1	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
kojic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
lapachol lapachol : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.	2.25	1	0
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.07	1	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.	2.11	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
lavendustin a lavendustin A: from Streptomyces griseolavendus; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	aromatic amine
lavendustin b [no description available]	2.07	1	0
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.07	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	2.52	2	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.11	1	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
myristicin myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin;	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
nalidixic acid [no description available]	2.53	2	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
6,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.03	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
patulin Patulin: 4-Hydroxy-4H-furo(3,2-c)pyran-2(6H)-one. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It is found in unfermented apple and grape juice and field crops. It has antibiotic properties and has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic and causes chromosome damage in biological systems.. patulin : A furopyran and lactone that is (2H-pyran-3(6H)-ylidene)acetic acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 4 and in which the hydroxy group at position 4 has condensed with the carboxy group to give the corresponding bicyclic lactone. A mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium, it has antibiotic properties but has been shown to be carcinogenic and mutagenic.	2.07	1	0	furopyran; gamma-lactone; lactol	antimicrobial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.49	2	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.11	1	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phloretin [no description available]	2.47	2	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
pifithrin pifithrin: a tetrahydrobenzothiazol; inhibitor of P53 that protects mice from the side effects of cancer therapy; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	aromatic ketone
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
sodium fluoride [no description available]	2.1	1	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.31	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
streptonigrin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	2.03	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
tetrahydropapaverine tetrahydropapaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is norlaudanosoline in which the four phenolic hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; polyether; secondary amino compound
theobromine Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.	2.07	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; bronchodilator agent; food component; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	2.11	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
triacetin Triacetin: A triglyceride that is used as an antifungal agent.. triacetin : A triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections.	2.25	1	0	triglyceride	adjuvant; antifungal drug; food additive carrier; food emulsifier; food humectant; fuel additive; plant metabolite; solvent
trioxsalen Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.	2.07	1	0	psoralens	dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	2.03	1	0
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.07	1	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	2.6	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
pilocarpine hydrochloride pilocarpine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth.	2.07	1	0	hydrochloride
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	2.13	1	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	7.07	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.	2.07	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide
allyl isothiocyanate allyl isothiocyanate: used in the manufacture of flavors, war gases; medical use as a counterirritant; structure. allyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi.	2.25	1	0	alkenyl isothiocyanate; isothiocyanate	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; lachrymator; metabolite
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
uridine [no description available]	2.25	1	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.07	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
veratramine veratramine: structure. veratramine : A piperidine alkaloid comprising the 14,15,16,17-tetradehydro derivative of veratraman having two hydroxy groups at the 3- and 23-positions.	2.07	1	0	piperidine alkaloid
phlorhizin [no description available]	2.49	2	0	aryl beta-D-glucoside; dihydrochalcones; monosaccharide derivative	antioxidant; plant metabolite
papaverine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
yohimbine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.07	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	2.17	1	0	psoralens	plant metabolite
gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.	2.07	1	0	dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole	antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	2.25	1	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	2.11	1	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
veratridine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	steroid	sodium channel modulator
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
tert-amyl alcohol 2-methylbutan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is propan-1-ol in which both of the hydrogens at position 1 have been replaced by methyl groups.	2.11	1	0	aliphatic alcohol; tertiary alcohol	protic solvent
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	2.07	1	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
ethyl citrate ethyl citrate: structure	2.25	1	0	carbonyl compound
acrylamide [no description available]	2.11	1	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
visnagin visnagin: from Musineon divaricatum. visnagin : A furanochromone that is furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methoxy and methyl groups, respectively. Found in the toothpick-plant, Ammi visnaga.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; furanochromone; polyketide	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; EC 1.1.1.37 (malate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; phytotoxin; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	2.07	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
skimmianine skimmianine: furanoquinoline alkaloid from Teclea (RUTACEAE)	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
syrosingopine syrosingopine: was heading 1963-94; SYRINGOPINE was see SYROSINGOPINE 1977-94; use RESERPINE to search SYROSINGOPINE 1966-94	2.07	1	0	yohimban alkaloid
gramine gramine : An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.	2.07	1	0	aminoalkylindole; indole alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
veratric acid veratric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3.	2.17	1	0	benzoic acids	allergen; plant metabolite
butylparaben [no description available]	2.41	1	0	organic molecular entity
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.02	1	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
xi-gamma-Undecalactone [no description available]	2.25	1	0	lactone
2-ethylhexanol [no description available]	2.25	1	0	primary alcohol	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
ethyl caprylate ethyl octanoate : A fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of octanoic acid with ethanol.	2.25	1	0	fatty acid ethyl ester; octanoate ester	metabolite
ethyl laurate ethyl laurate : A fatty acid ethyl ester of lauric acid.	2.25	1	0	fatty acid ethyl ester	metabolite
isopropyl acetate isopropyl acetate: cholesterol gallstone solvent	2.25	1	0
ethyl decanoate ethyl decanoate : A fatty acid ethyl ester of decanoic acid.	2.25	1	0	decanoate ester; fatty acid ethyl ester	metabolite
methyl octanoate methyl octanoate : A fatty acid methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of octanoic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol.	2.25	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester; octanoate ester	metabolite
undecan-2-one undecan-2-one: Insect Repellents; 2-undecanone is the active ingredient of arthropod repellent BioUD; an efficacious alternative to deet. undecan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone with methyl and nonyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.25	1	0	dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone	plant metabolite; rodenticide
octyl acetate octyl acetate : The acetate ester of octan-1-ol.	2.25	1	0	acetate ester	plant metabolite
n-decyl alcohol n-decyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd. decanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.. decan-1-ol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms.	2.25	1	0	decanol; primary alcohol	metabolite; pheromone; protic solvent
methyl palmitate [no description available]	2.25	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester	metabolite
undecan-1-ol undecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is undecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.. undecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eleven carbon atoms.	2.25	1	0	primary alcohol; undecanol	flavouring agent; plant metabolite
dodecanol Dodecanol: A saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). dodecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twelve carbon atoms.. dodecan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is dodecane in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certain moths whose larvae destroy crops.	2.25	1	0	dodecanol; primary alcohol	bacterial metabolite; cosmetic; insect attractant; insecticide; pheromone; plant metabolite
methylergonovine Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.07	1	0	ergoline alkaloid
2-ethylhexyl salicylate 2-ethylhexyl salicylate: structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diarylmethane
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	3.06	4	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
indolebutyric acid indolebutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. indole-3-butyric acid : A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.	2.07	1	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	auxin; plant hormone; plant metabolite
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.07	1	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	2.07	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.17	1	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	8.48	7	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	2.02	1	0	organic cation
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	2.07	1	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
phenylbenzoquinone phenylbenzoquinone: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.08	1	0
jervine jervine: teratogen from Veratrum grandiflorum; RN given refers to parent cpd(3beta,23beta)-isomer; structure	2.07	1	0	piperidines
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
naphthazarin naphthazarin: fish toxin; isolated for first time from the walnut onigurmi, Juglans mandshurica maxim var. Sieboldiana Makino; structure. naphthazarin : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 8 are replaced by hydroxy groups.	2.17	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; plant metabolite
boldine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aporphine alkaloid
indirubin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.52	2	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	2.07	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.07	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
imperatorin imperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist; furanocoumarin from West African medicinal plant Clausena anisata; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3005. imperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 8. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.17	1	0	psoralens	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	2.52	2	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
cytisine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	2.07	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
indole-3-carbaldehyde indole-3-carbaldehyde: metabolite of tryptophan; structure. indole-3-carbaldehyde : A heteroarenecarbaldehyde that is indole in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a formyl group.	2.17	1	0	heteroarenecarbaldehyde; indole alkaloid; indoles	bacterial metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; marine metabolite; plant metabolite
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	2.07	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.79	3	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.07	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.18	5	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
angelicin angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure	2.17	1	0	furanocoumarin
flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.	2.93	3	0	flavones	metabolite; nematicide
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.07	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
herniarin herniarin: methoxy analog of umbelliferone; structure. herniarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7.	2.07	1	0	coumarins	fluorochrome
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	3.47	6	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.25	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	2.74	3	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
2-tridecanone tridecan-2-one : A methyl ketone that is tridecane in which the methylene hydrogens at position 2 are replaced by an oxo group.	2.25	1	0	methyl ketone	flavouring agent; plant metabolite
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	2.17	1	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
isovanillin isovanillin: inhibits aldehyde oxidase. isovanillin : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is 4-methoxybenzaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. It is an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase.	2.17	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	animal metabolite; antidiarrhoeal drug; antifungal agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
Berberine chloride (TN) [no description available]	2.52	2	0	organic molecular entity
vincamine Vincamine: A major alkaloid of Vinca minor L., Apocynaceae. It has been used therapeutically as a vasodilator and antihypertensive agent, particularly in cerebrovascular disorders.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid ester; hemiaminal; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; vinca alkaloid	antihypertensive agent; metabolite; vasodilator agent
2-undecanol 2-undecanol: organic volatile isolated from nonpareil almonds, Prunus dulcis. undecan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is undecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2.25	1	0	secondary alcohol; undecanol	animal metabolite; flavouring agent; pheromone; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
muscarine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
bis(4-oxyphenyl)sulfide 4,4'-thiodiphenol: structure in first source	2.41	1	0	phenols
ecdysone [no description available]	2.07	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid	prohormone
n-deacetyl-n-formylcolchicine N-deacetyl-N-formylcolchicine: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketone
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	7.41	1	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
butylated hydroxyanisole [no description available]	2.04	1	0
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
keracyanin cyanidin 3-rutinoside: an anthocyanin compound. cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside chloride : A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside as the cationic counterpart.	2.05	1	0	anthocyanin chlorides
2-bromoergocryptine mesylate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	antiparkinson drug
zingerone zingerone: pungent principle of ginger; structure. zingerone : A methyl ketone that is 4-phenylbutan-2-one in which the phenyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by methoxy and hydroxy groups respectively. The major pungent component in ginger.	2.07	1	0	methyl ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antiemetic; antioxidant; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent
ethyl nonanoate ethyl nonanoate : A fatty acid ethyl ester of nonanoic acid.	2.25	1	0	fatty acid ethyl ester	metabolite
ethyl myristate ethyl myristate : A long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of myristic acid with the hydroxy group of ethanol.	2.25	1	0	long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester
silybin silibinin : A flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle, Silybum marianum, that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and antineoplastic activities.	2.25	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxine; flavonolignan; polyphenol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	2.13	1	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	7.31	1	0	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.55	2	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	2.31	1	0
oxypeucadanin, (s)-(-)-isomer [no description available]	2.17	1	0	epoxide; furanocoumarin; lactone	plant metabolite
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.07	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2.47	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	2.04	1	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	2.07	1	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	2.07	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2.52	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	2.07	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
staurosporine [no description available]	2.17	1	0	indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound	apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
fenoldopam mesylate [no description available]	2.25	1	0	benzazepine
swainsonine Swainsonine: An indolizidine alkaloid from the plant Swainsona canescens that is a potent alpha-mannosidase inhibitor. Swainsonine also exhibits antimetastatic, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activity.. swainsonine : An indolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens with three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 8.	2.07	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.114 (mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3-1,6-alpha-mannosidase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; plant metabolite
castanospermine castanospermine: indolizidine alkaloid from seeds of Australian legume, Castanospermum australe. castanospermine : A tetrahydroxyindolizidine alkaloid that consists of octahydroindolizine having four hydroxy substituents located at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 (the 1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR-diastereomer).	2.07	1	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anti-HIV-1 agent; anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.31	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.05	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
pentadecan-2-one [no description available]	2.25	1	0	ketone
daunorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0	anthracycline
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	7.17	42	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	2.07	1	0	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	2.05	1	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	3.36	6	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
baccatin iii [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; benzoate ester; tetracyclic diterpenoid	plant metabolite
taleranol taleranol: a metabolite of ZEARALENONE which is a non-steroidal estrogenic lactone used as an anabolic compound in animal feed; a stereoisomer of ZERANOL (alpha-zearalanol)	2.07	1	0	macrolide
narasin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diterpene glycoside
quassin quassin: article discusses quassinoid principle; structure	2.07	1	0	triterpenoid
tomatidine tomatidine: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)-isomer; structure. tomatidine : A 3beta-hydroxy steroid resulting from the substitution of the 3beta-hydrogen of tomatidane by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	3beta-hydroxy steroid; azaspiro compound; oxaspiro compound
aloxistatin aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.	2.07	1	0	epoxide; ethyl ester; L-leucine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticoronaviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor
rutecarpine rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules	2.07	1	0	beta-carbolines
bergenin bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure	2.07	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	metabolite
pinocembrin pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; dihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
isopimpinellin isopimpinellin: from Ruta graveolens & Heracleum lanatum; structure	2.17	1	0	psoralens
5-hydroxyflavone [no description available]	2.48	2	0	flavones
malvidin chloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
indole-3-carboxylic acid indole-3-carboxylic acid : An indole-3-carboxylic acid carrying a carboxy group at position 3.	2.17	1	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
isoscopoletin isoscopoletin : A hydroxycoumarin that is esculetin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is the major primary metabolite of scoparone.	2.52	2	0	aromatic ether; hydroxycoumarin	plant metabolite
vinburnine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
epicatechin (-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.	3.04	4	0	catechin; polyphenol	antioxidant
gallocatechol (-)-epigallocatechin : A flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.52	2	0	catechin; flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol	antioxidant; food component; plant metabolite
6-hydroxyflavone 6-hydroxyflavone: antioxidant; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
hesperetin [no description available]	2.77	3	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
magnolol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	biphenyls
honokiol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	biphenyls
sesamin (+)-sesamin : A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	2.15	1	0	benzodioxoles; furofuran; lignan	antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
chelerythrine chloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
betulin betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.	2.07	1	0	diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid	analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; metabolite
tetrahydroalstonine tetrahydroalstonine : A heteropentacyclic compound that is (20alpha)-16,17-didehydro-18-oxayohimban which is substituted at position 16 by a methoxycarbonyl group and at position 19 by a methyl group. It is a metabolite found in several plant species.	2.07	1	0	methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; yohimban alkaloid	plant metabolite
hernandezine hernandezine: from Thalictrum glandulosissimum; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (1beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 3/91	2.07	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
narciclasine narciclasine: antitumor alkaloid from bulbs of Narcissus species	2.25	1	0	phenanthridines	metabolite
picropodophyllin picropodophyllin: isolated from American May apple (Podophyllum); inhibits IGF-I autophosphorylation without interfering with tyrosine kinase activity. picropodophyllotoxin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that has a furonaphthodioxole skeleton bearing 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl and hydroxy substituents.	2.07	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.07	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
beta-amyrin beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer. beta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.	2.11	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; plant metabolite
(-)-catechin (-)-catechin : The (-)-enantiomer of catechin.	2.25	1	0	catechin	metabolite
dehydrocostus lactone dehydrocostus lactone : An organic heterotricyclic compound and guaianolide sesquiterpene lactone that is acrylic acid which is substituted at position 2 by a 4-hydroxy-3,8-bis(methylene)decahydoazulen-5-yl group and in which the hydroxy group and the carboxy group have undergone formal condensation to afford the corresponding gamma-lactone.	2.07	1	0	gamma-lactone; guaiane sesquiterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; metabolite; trypanocidal drug
madecassic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tetrol	antioxidant; plant metabolite
panaxadiol panaxadiol: a protopanaxadiol with the side chain cyclized into a pyran which is an artifact of acidic hydrolysis; RN refers to (3 beta,12 beta,20R)-isomer	2.07	1	0	triterpenoid saponin
tryptanthrine tryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing dai	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
homoeriodictyol homoeriodictyol: structure in first source. homoeriodictyol : A trihydroxyflavanone that consists of 3'-methoxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4', 5, and 7.	2.07	1	0	3'-methoxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	flavouring agent; metabolite
4-hydroxyindole hydroxyindoles : Any member of the class of indoles carrying at least one hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	hydroxyindoles; phenols
eriocitrin eriocitrin: structure in first source. eriocitrin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of eriodictyol substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; rutinoside; trihydroxyflavanone	antioxidant
7,8-dihydromethysticin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	7.52	2	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
cinchonine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
aucubin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
lupinine lupinine: RN given refers to parent cpd(1R-trans)-isomer; structure	2.07	1	0	quinolizidine alkaloid
matrine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
friedelin 3-friedelanone: from the stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis; structure in first source. friedelin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork.	2.49	2	0	cyclic terpene ketone; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; plant metabolite
catalpol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
quinine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
sarsasapogenin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	sapogenin
corynanthine Corynanthine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.	2.07	1	0	yohimban alkaloid
prunin protein, prunus prunin protein, Prunus: a legumin-like type of globulin; structure given in first source. naringenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; flavanone 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	antibacterial agent; antilipemic drug; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite
podocarpic acid podocarpic acid: structure. podocarpic acid : An abietane diterpenoid lacking the isopropyl substituent with an aromatic C-ring and a hydroxy group at the 12-position.	2.07	1	0	abietane diterpenoid
harmol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
5-Methoxyflavone 5-methoxyflavone: DNA polymerase-beta inhibitor and neuroprotective agent against beta-amyloid toxicity; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	ether; flavonoids
10-hydroxycamptothecin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline
3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone 3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone: causes relaxation of cavernosum; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
phellopterin phellopterin: a naturally occurring furanocoumarin found in roots of Angelica dahurica; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	psoralens
syringaresinol [no description available]	2.25	1	0	aromatic ether; furofuran; lignan; polyether; polyphenol	plant metabolite
corydaline [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
demissidine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid; organic heteropolycyclic compound; steroid
cinchonidine cinchonidine: has antimalarial activity; diastereoisomer of cinchonine with distinct physiochemical properties; RN given refers to parent cpd(8alpha,9R)-isomer. cinchonidine : 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.	2.07	1	0	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
4-(methylthio)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate 4-(methylthio)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
propidium iodide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic iodide salt
tryptoline tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	beta-carbolines
epicatechin gallate epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.	2.05	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
deguelin deguelin: a natural product from Mundulea sericea; RN refers to (7aS-cis)-isomer; structure given in first source. deguelin : A rotenone that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10, and by two methyl groups at position 3 (the 7aS,13aS-stereoisomer). It exists in abundant quantities in the bark, roots, and leaves of the Leguminosae family of plants and reported to exert anti-tumour effects in various cancers.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; diether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; plant metabolite
catechin (+)-catechin monohydrate : The monohydrate of (+)-catechin.	2.07	1	0	hydrate	geroprotector
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	2.75	3	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
cafestol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	diterpenoid; furans; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
parthenolide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	germacranolide
sphondin sphondin: from Heracleum laciniatum; cause of phototoxicity in patient with vitiligo	2.17	1	0	furanocoumarin
homoorientin homoorientin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source	5.14	13	0	flavone C-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; radical scavenger
liquiritigenin liquiritigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium. 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.. liquiritigenin : A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta.	2.03	1	0	4',7-dihydroxyflavanone	hormone agonist; plant metabolite
asiatic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol	angiogenesis modulating agent; metabolite
angustmycin a angustmycin A: structure; from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; inhibits GMP synthesis	2.07	1	0	6-aminopurines
razadyne Razadyne: Name of the FDA approved preparation from J&J.	2.07	1	0
phytosphingosine phytosphingosine: differ with an additional hydroxyl at C-4 & no double bond between C-4 & C-5	2.07	1	0	amino alcohol; sphingoid; triol	mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
celastrol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
procyanidin b2 procyanidin B2 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine.	2.52	2	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	antioxidant; metabolite
4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin: structure in first source. 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is the 9- epimer of 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin.	2.07	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound; phenols	antineoplastic agent
aromadedrin aromadedrin: inhibits protein kinase C; the dihydro makes it a flavone rather than a flavonol. (+)-dihydrokaempferol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having hydroxy groupa at the 3-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions.	2.05	1	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroflavonols; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetrahydroxyflavanone	metabolite
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)	2.07	1	0	leucine derivative
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
delphinidin delphinidin: RN given refers to parent cpd;. delphinidin : An anthocyanidin cation consisting of benzopyrylium with hydroxy substituents at the 3-, 5- and 7-positions and a 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl group at the 2-position. It is a plant pigment responsible for the colours of the plants of the genera Viola and Delphinium.	2.05	1	0	5-hydroxyanthocyanidin	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; plant metabolite
cyanidin cyanidin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanidin cation : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 by hydroxy groups.	2.05	1	0	5-hydroxyanthocyanidin	antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
planinin planinin: from Zanthoxylum planispinum; structure given in first source	2.15	1	0	lignan
sinensetin sinensetin: isolated from citrus fruit; exhibit antiadhesive action on platelets. sinensetin : A pentamethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.07	1	0	pentamethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
3',4'-dihydroxyflavone 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone: inhibitors of arachidonic acid peroxidation	2.25	1	0
harmalol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone: isolated from Artemisia argyi	2.17	1	0
hyoscyamine Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.	2.07	1	0	tropane alkaloid
schizandrin a schizandrin A: the major lignan, 2-9%, of Schisandra plant; has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities	2.07	1	0
schizandrin b (+)-schisandrin B : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is found in Fructus Schisandrae and Schisandra chinensis.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclic acetal; organic heterotetracyclic compound; oxacycle; tannin	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
apigeninidin apigeninidin: a sorghum phytoalexin; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
cirsimarin cirsimarin: a flavone glycoside from Microtea debilis; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	flavonoids; glycoside
cryptotanshinone cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza	2.07	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
isosakuranetin isosakuranetin: structure in first source. 4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a methoxy group at position 4' (the 2S stereoisomer).	2.07	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; monomethoxyflavanone	plant metabolite
ampelopsin ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.25	1	0	dihydromyricetin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
isovitexin [no description available]	8.7	40	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
sclareol sclareol: structure given in first source. sclareol : A labdane diterpenoid that is labd-14-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8 and 13. It has been isolated from Salvia sclarea.	2.07	1	0	labdane diterpenoid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; apoptosis inducer; fragrance; plant metabolite
methylinositol methylinositol: from Ebenus haussknechtii; structure in first source. pinitol : A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.. 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol : A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).. D-pinitol : The D-enantiomer of pinitol.	2.17	1	0
tanshinone ii a tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source	2.48	2	0	abietane diterpenoid
4'-hydroxyflavanone 4'-hydroxyflavanone: structure in first source. 4'-hydroxyflavanones : Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'.	2.48	2	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; monohydroxyflavanone
leucodin leucodin: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
procyanidin C1 procyanidin trimer C1: a flavonoid found in multiple plant sources including grape, apple, and cacao, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. procyanidin C1 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of three (-)-epicatechin units joined by two successive (4beta->8)-linkages.	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
2'-hydroxyflavanone [no description available]	2.48	2	0
limonin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	epoxide; furans; hexacyclic triterpenoid; lactone; limonoid; organic heterohexacyclic compound	inhibitor; metabolite; volatile oil component
(+)-epicatechin (+)-epicatechin : A catechin that is flavan carrying five hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 (the 2S,3S-stereoisomer).	2.04	1	0	catechin; polyphenol	cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; plant metabolite
kobusin kobusin: from flower buds of Magnolia fargesii; structure in first source. demethoxyaschantin : A member of the class of furofurans that is tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1-yl]-1,3-benzodioxole carrying an additional 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl substituent at position 4.	2.15	1	0	benzodioxoles; dimethoxybenzene; furofuran; lignan	plant metabolite
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.	2.47	2	0	glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
cirsimaritin cirsimaritin: has antagonist or partial agonist activity on benzodiazepine receptors. cirsimaritin : A dimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4' respectively.	1.99	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; dimethoxyflavone
isobavachin isobavachin: RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	flavanones
maduramicin maduramicin: isolated from Actinomadura rubra	2.07	1	0
chelidonine chelidonine: benzophenanthridine derived from scoulerine from Chelidonium majus; RN given refers to parent cpd (chelidonine, (5bR-(5balpha,6beta,12alpha))-isomer)	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; alkaloid fundamental parent; benzophenanthridine alkaloid
troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative	EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic
santonin Santonin: Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)	2.07	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; santonin	plant metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.07	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
eudesmin eudesmin: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source; very similar to pinoresinol	2.15	1	0
vincristine sulfate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic sulfate salt	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	2.07	1	0	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
acetylstrophanthidin acetylstrophanthidin: structure. acetylstrophanthidin : An acetate ester that is strophanidin acetylated at the 3beta-hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester	anti-arrhythmia drug
withaferin a withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure. withaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	2.17	1	0	27-hydroxy steroid; 4-hydroxy steroid; delta-lactone; enone; epoxy steroid; ergostanoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; withanolide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
Harringtonine harringtonin: alkaloid C from Caphalotaxus fortunei	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
acivicin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
ketopinic acid ketopinic acid: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
wortmannin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
gitoxigenin gitoxigenin: structure	2.07	1	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 16beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid
graveoline graveoline: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	quinolines
4-oxy-6-(4-oxybezoyloxy)dauc-8,9-en 4-oxy-6-(4-oxybezoyloxy)dauc-8,9-en: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,3abeta,4beta,8aalpha))-isomer; a natural benzyl ester of a carotyl type azulene sesquiterpenoid; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
lanatosides Lanatosides: Glycosides from DIGITALIS lanata leaf. Lanatoside C has actions similar to DIGOXIN. Mixtures of lanatosides A, B, and C have also been used. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p670)	2.05	1	0
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	10.4	10	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.07	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
puromycin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	puromycins	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	3.02	4	0	taxifolin	metabolite
mimosine L-mimosine : An L-alpha-amino acid that is propionic acid substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a 3-hydroxy-4-oxopyridin-1(4H)-yl group at position 3 (the 2S-stereoisomer). It a non-protein plant amino acid isolated from Mimosa pudica.	2.07	1	0	4-pyridones; amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.79	3	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	2.07	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
conessine conessine : A steroid alkaloid that is con-5-enine substituted by a N,N-dimethylamino group at position 3. It has been isolated from the plant species of the family Apocynaceae.	2.07	1	0	steroid alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; H3-receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	2.07	1	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.07	1	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
hyperforin hyperforin: a prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative; antibiotic component of novoimanine; psychoactive agent in St. John's wort; Russian; structure;. hyperforin : A cyclic terpene ketone that is a prenylated carbobicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivative produced by St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum.	2.07	1	0
saponarin saponarin: structure in first source. 7-O-(beta-D-glucosyl)isovitexin : A C-glycosyl compound that is isovitexin in which the hydroxyl hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	2.25	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	metabolite
deltaline [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic acetal; diterpene alkaloid; organic polycyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
silychristin silychristin : A flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activities against lipoxygenase and prostaglandin synthetase.	2.25	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; flavonolignan; polyphenol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
ginsenoside rg1 [no description available]	2.21	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent
notoginsenoside r1 notoginsenoside R1 : A ginsenoside found in Panax notoginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.21	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; neuroprotective agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
ingenol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid
picrotin picrotin: the less toxic component of PICROTOXIN lacking GABA activity. picrotin : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is picrotoxinin in which the olefinic double bond has undergone addition of water to give the corresponding tertiary alcohol. It is the less toxic component of picrotoxin, lacking GABA activity.	2.07	1	0	diol; epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	plant metabolite
picrotoxinin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	epoxide; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol	GABA antagonist; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
naringin [no description available]	2.79	3	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
isonaringin isonaringin: structure in first source. narirutin : A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.47	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	2.07	1	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.	2.07	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
ononin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
securinine securinine: a quinolizine pseudoalkaloid (not from amino acid) from Securinega suffurutiosa or Securinini nitras	2.07	1	0	indolizines
Dubinidine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
cyclopamine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	piperidines	glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	3.17	5	0
doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0	anthracycline
vinpocetine vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation	2.07	1	0	alkaloid	geroprotector
dihydroergocristine monomesylate dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia.	2.07	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.6	1	0	cyclodextrin
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.07	1	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.07	1	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.07	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.48	2	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.52	2	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.07	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.61	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.07	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
L-cycloserine L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.	2.07	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one	anti-HIV agent; anticonvulsant; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
gs 4071 GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.	2.5	2	0	acetate ester; amino acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite
12-deoxyphorbol 13-acetate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	phorbol ester	metabolite
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.07	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.49	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	2.07	1	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
(+)-usnic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	usnic acid
beta, beta-dimethylacrylshikonin, (+)-isomer [no description available]	2.07	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.07	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
5,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone 5,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone: antineoplastic agent that reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
likviriton liquiritin: isoalted from Glycyrrhizae radix. liquiritin : A flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage.	2.04	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monohydroxyflavanone; monosaccharide derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; plant metabolite
methyl indole-3-carboxylate methyl indole-3-carboxylate : The methyl ester of indole-3-carboxylic acid.	2.17	1	0	indoles; methyl ester	metabolite
rhapontin rhapontin: constituent of rhubarb rhizome	2.07	1	0	rhaponticin	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
glycosides [no description available]	5.18	14	0
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.52	2	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
isoliquiritigenin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	chalcones	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist
rauwolscine Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.	2.07	1	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate
amygdalin (R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.	2.07	1	0	amygdalin	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
lanatoside c lanatoside C: RN given refers to (3beta,5beta,12beta)-isomer	2.05	1	0
hydrastine, (r-(r,s))-isomer [no description available]	2.07	1	0	isoquinolines
vasicine vasicine: RN given refers to (R)-isomer	2.07	1	0
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.07	1	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
dehydrovomifoliol dehydrovomifoliol: isolated from Litsea sessilis; structure in first source. (6S)-dehydrovomifoliol : A dehydrovomifoliol that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.. dehydrovomifoliol : A fenchane monoterpenoid that is substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5, and 5, and by both a hydroxy group and a 3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.	2.17	1	0	dehydrovomifoliol	plant metabolite
3,6-dihydroxyflavone 3,6-dihydroxyflavone: induces apoptosis in leukemia HL-60 cells; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.78	3	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
pongamol pongamol: from Pongamia pinnata fruits; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	2.07	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
heliotrine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyrrolizines
sclareolide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	naphthofuran
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	2.25	1	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
hypocrellin b hypocrellin B: photosensitive pigments isolated from Hypocrella bambusae Sacc; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.48	2	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
aurapten aurapten: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. auraptene : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a geranyl group. Ii is isolated from several edible fruits and vegetables and exhibits a variety of therapeutic properties.	2.07	1	0	coumarins; monoterpenoid	antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; dopaminergic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; gamma-secretase modulator; gastrointestinal drug; hepatoprotective agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; PPARalpha agonist; vulnerary
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	3.62	8	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	2.15	1	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
fumonisin b2 fumonisin B2: produced by Fusarium moniliforme MRC 826; structure given in first source; has cancer-promoting ability. fumonisin B2 : A fumonisin that is (2S,3S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-2-amino-12,16-dimethylicosane-3,14,15-triol in which the hydroxy groups at positions 14 and 15 have each been esterified by condensation with the 1-carboxy group of 3-carboxyglutaric acid (giving a 3-carboxyglutarate ester group with R configuration in each case).	2.07	1	0	diester; diol; fumonisin; primary amino compound	Aspergillus metabolite; carcinogenic agent
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
6-hydroxyflavanone 6-hydroxyflavanone : A monohydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6.	2.05	1	0	monohydroxyflavanone	fungal xenobiotic metabolite
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	3.43	7	0
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	2.07	1	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	2.07	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	7.13	1	0	alkali metal atom
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.07	1	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate-20-acetate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
brassinin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dithiocarbamic ester; indole phytoalexin
chaetomellic acid a chaetomellic acid A: structure given in first source; an inhibitor of farnesyl-protein transferase	2.07	1	0
hirsutine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
3-deoxyvasicine, hydrochloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
emetine dihydrochloride emetine dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of emetine.. emetine dihydrochloride hydrate : A hydrate that is the monohydrate of the dihydrochloride salt of emetine.	2.07	1	0	hydrochloride	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; protein synthesis inhibitor
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.49	2	0
eugenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside [no description available]	2.17	1	0
salinomycin salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.07	1	0	polyketide; spiroketal	animal growth promotant; potassium ionophore
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	2.21	1	0
silybin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	7.66	2	0
ginkgetin ginkgetin: from Cephalotaxus drupacea; biflavone; active against HSV-1; structure given in first source. ginkgetin : A biflavonoid that is the 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2.	2.05	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; methoxyflavone; ring assembly	anti-HSV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; metabolite
5,6-dehydrokawain 5,6-dehydrokawain: from Alpinia speciosa rhizoma; RN given for cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
9,10-dihydrolysergol 9,10-dihydrolysergol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.07	1	0
geranylgeranic acid geranylgeranic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranic acid : A diterpenoid obtained by formal oxidation of the CH2OH group of (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol to the corresponding carboxylic acid.	2.07	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; diterpenoid; methyl-branched fatty acid; trienoic fatty acid
catechin gallate catechin gallate: structure in first source. (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-catechin.	2.52	2	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	metabolite
gallocatechin-3-gallate gallocatechin gallate: structure in first source. (+)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-gallocatechin.	2.17	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	plant metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	12.03	22	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	3.04	4	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
biochanin a [no description available]	2.77	3	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
formononetin [no description available]	2.75	3	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
prostaglandin b1 prostaglandin Bx: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; polymeric derivative of diketo-PGB1; mean MW 2,200. prostaglandin B1 : A member of the class of prostaglandins B that is prosta-8(12),13-dien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 9 and 15 respectively (the 13E,15S-stereoisomer).	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins B	human metabolite
sterigmatocystin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	sterigmatocystins	metabolite
acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	13	232	1	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	10.75	25	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
quercitrin [no description available]	3.44	7	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
scopoletin [no description available]	2.52	2	0	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.1	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	2.42	2	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
feruloyltyramine feruloyltyramine: structure given in first source; isolated from Cannabis sativa seeds, roots, leaves, and resin; induces hypothermia and motor incoordination in mice; moupinamide is (E)-isomer	2.17	1	0	tyramines	metabolite
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	2.07	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
luteolin-7-glucoside luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.33	6	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antioxidant; plant metabolite
chrysoeriol chrysoeriol: isolated from leaves of Eurya japonica & E. emarginata. 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone : The 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin.	2.03	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
apigetrin apigetrin: structure given in first source. apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.76	3	0	beta-D-glucoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antibacterial agent; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
alprostadil [no description available]	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	2.11	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells	3.01	4	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antipruritic drug; bone density conservation agent; geroprotector; histamine antagonist; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	11.17	15	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	3.77	10	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
senecionine senecionine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. senecionine : A pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from the plant species of the genus Senecio.	2.07	1	0	lactone; pyrrolizidine alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	plant metabolite
genistein [no description available]	3.47	7	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
butein [no description available]	2.47	2	0	chalcones; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; radiosensitizing agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
sulfuretin sulfuretin: the chalcone C ring closes into a 5 instead of the more typical 6 membered ring leaving a phenyl methane at the 2 position instead of the typical phenyl	2.75	3	0	1-benzofurans
genistin genistin: glycoside of soy bean isoflavone, gentistein	2.47	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
chartreusin chartreusin: structure	2.07	1	0	benzochromenone; glycoside
methysticin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
yangonin yangonin: structure in first source	2.44	2	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	2.07	1	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
amentoflavone [no description available]	8.7	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	2.78	3	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.97	4	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
datiscetin datiscetin : A tetrahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' and 5.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone
diosmetin [no description available]	2.53	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
diosmin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
fisetin [no description available]	2.79	3	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.	2.47	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
hinokiflavone hinokiflavone: from Rhus succedanea; structure given in first source. hinokiflavone : A biflavonoid that is apigenin substituted by a 4-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)phenoxy group at position 6. A diflavonyl ether, it is isolated from Rhus succedanea and has been found to possess significant cytotoxic potential.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
hispidulin hispidulin : A monomethoxyflavone that is scutellarein methylated at position 6.	2.77	3	0	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	3.55	8	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.	4.08	4	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anticoagulant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	3.02	4	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
myricetin [no description available]	3.45	7	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
myricitrin myricitrin: isolated from root bark of Myrica cerifera L.; structure. myricitrin : A glycosyloxyflavone that consists of myricetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Myrica cerifera, it exhibits anti-allergic activity.	2.25	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; pentahydroxyflavone	anti-allergic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite
orientin orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.	7.58	38	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; C-glycosyl compound; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
rhamnetin rhamnetin: aglycone of xanthorhamnin; from Rhamnus. rhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position 7.	2.76	3	0	monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
robinetin robinetin: structure given in first source. robinetin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, 3, 4' and 5'.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
scutellarein scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.	2.05	1	0	tetrahydroxyflavone	metabolite
tamarixetin tamarixetin: isolated from Costsus spicatus. tamarixetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position O-4'. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae.	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
tricetin tricetin : Flavone hydroxylated at positions 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7.	2.25	1	0	pentahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
tricin tricin: from Spartina cynosuroides and other plants; structure	1.99	1	0	3'-methoxyflavones; dimethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.	2.07	1	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	3.46	7	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
genistein-8-c-glucoside genistein 8-C-glucoside : A C-glycosyl compound that is genistein substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a C-glucosidic linkage.	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones; C-glycosyl compound	plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	2.07	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	2.07	1	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
prunetin prunetin: reduces herpes virus-1 plaque formation. prunetin : A hydroxyisoflavone that is genistein in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group.	2.07	1	0	7-methoxyisoflavones; hydroxyisoflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
puerarin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; hydroxyisoflavone	plant metabolite
wedelolactone wedelolactone: antihepatotoxic coumestan from Eclipta prostrata and Wedelia calendulacea (both Asteraceae); structure given in first source. wedelolactone : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents as positions 1, 8 and 9 and a methoxy substituent at position 3.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone	anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.48	2	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
7-hydroxyflavone 7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.	2.77	3	0	hydroxyflavonoid
prostaglandin a1 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins A
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	2.07	1	0	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
astragalin kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.	2.48	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite; trypanocidal drug
rhoifolin rhoifolin: from many plants. apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside : An apigenin derivative having an alpha-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; neohesperidoside	metabolite
vitexin rhamnoside 2''-O-rhamnopyranosylvitexin: has both analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities; isolated from Alternanthera maritima; structure in first source. vitexin 2''-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside : A derivative of vitexin having an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue attached at the 2''-position of the glucitol moiety.	3.93	3	0	C-glycosyl compound; disaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
domoic acid domoic acid: kainic acid analog, heterocyclic amino acid from seaweed; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. domoic acid : An L-proline derivative that is L-proline substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 3 and a 6-carboxyhepta-2,4-dien-2-yl group at position 4. It is produced by the diatomic algal Pseudo-nitzschia. It is an analogue of kainic acid and a neurotoxin which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP).	2.07	1	0	L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; tricarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; hapten; marine metabolite; neuromuscular agent; neurotoxin
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	2.07	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.07	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
natamycin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.52	2	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
brefeldin a [no description available]	2.07	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.17	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.07	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
vinorelbine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
casticin casticin: from fruit of Vitex rotundifolia; structure in second source. casticin : A tetramethoxyflavone that consists of quercetagetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 6, 7 and 4' have been replaced by methoxy groups. It has been isolated from Eremophila mitchellii.	2.66	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; tetramethoxyflavone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
bisdemethoxycurcumin curcumin III: structure in first source. bisdemethoxycurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by 4-hydroxycinnamoyl groups.	2.07	1	0	beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; metabolite
glycitein glycitein : A methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis.	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavone; methoxyisoflavone	fungal metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
andrographolide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
isorhamnetin 3-o-glucoside isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside: from the flowers of Persea gratissima; structure in first source. isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite
kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside: isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plants of Diodia teres through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography; structure in first source. kaempferol-3-rutinoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme.	1.99	1	0	disaccharide derivative; kaempferol O-glucoside; rutinoside; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
luteolin 4'-o-glucoside luteolin 4'-O-glucoside: from Kummerowia striata. luteolin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from Olea europaea.	2.05	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
sappanchalcone sappanchalcone: RN given from Toxline; RN not in Chemline 3/85; structure given in first source. sappanchalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 4' and a methoxy group at position 2'. Isolated from Caesalpinia sappan, it exhibits neuroprotective and cytoprotective activity.	2.05	1	0	catechols; chalcones; monomethoxybenzene	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
artemetin [no description available]	2.21	1	0	ether; flavonoids
spiraeoside spiraeoside: from flowers of Filipendula ulmaria (L.); structure given in first source. quercetin 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 4'.	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavonols; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
kaempferol-7-methyl ether rhamnocitrin : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of kaempferol.	2.45	2	0	flavonols; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
sophoricoside sophoricoside: from fruit of Sophora japonica; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	acrovestone; isoflavonoid
thunberginol a thunberginol A: isolated from Hydrangeae dulcis folium; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0
5,7,2'-trihydroxyflavone 5,7,2'-trihydroxyflavone: has inhibitory effects on the EBV-EA activation & on mouse skin tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis test; from Scutellaria baicalensis; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	flavones
5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone 4'-hydroxywogonin: from Verbena officinalis	2.05	1	0
5-hydroxy-3,3',4',7-tetramethoxyflavone 5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone: from the rhizome of Kaempferia parviflora; inhibits monocyte adhesion and cellular reactive oxygen species production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 5-hydroxy-3,3',4',7-tetramethoxyflavone : A monohydroxyflavone that is 5-hydroxyflavone which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3,3',4' and 7.	2.25	1	0	3'-methoxyflavones; monohydroxyflavone; tetramethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
6,7-dihydroxyflavone 6,7-dihydroxyflavone: intensifies effect of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
flavokawain a flavokawain A: from kava extract, induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cells; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	chalcones
flavokawain b flavokawain B: from Piper methysticum Forst (Kava Kava) roots; structure in first source. flavokawain B : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy group at positions 2' and methoxy groups at positions 4' and 6'. Isolated from Piper methysticum and Piper rusbyi, it exhibits antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities.	2.07	1	0	chalcones; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antileishmanial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
beta-damascenone beta-damascenone: from Ipomoea pes-caprea; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; RN 23726-93-4 refers to beta-damascenone; structure given in first source. beta-damascenone : A cyclic monoterpene ketone that is 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene substituted at position 1 by a crotonoyl group.	2.25	1	0	apo carotenoid monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone; enone	fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
kavain [no description available]	2.07	1	0	racemate	glycine receptor antagonist
n-(4-hydroxy-beta-phenethyl)-4-hydroxycinnamide trans-N-p-coumaroyl tyramine: from the twigs of Celtis chinensis; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid	metabolite
abscisic acid, (+,-)-isomer 2-cis-abscisic acid : A member of the class of abscisic acids in which the double bond betweeen positions 2 and 3 has cis- (natural) geometry.	2.07	1	0	abscisic acids	abscisic acid receptor agonist
veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid
puerarin [no description available]	2.21	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid
apigenin-7-o-glucuronide apigenin-7-O-glucuronide: from the leaves and flowers of the cannabinoid-free cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa L., Cannabaceae); structure in first source	2.01	1	0	flavonoids; glucosiduronic acid
vinblastine sulfate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
3,7-dihydroxyflavone 3,7-dihydroxyflavone: structure in first source. 7-hydroxyflavonol : Any flavonol carrying a 7-hydroxy substituent.	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavan
catharanthine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alkaloid ester; bridged compound; methyl ester; monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound
cytochalasin e cytochalasin E: structure	2.07	1	0	cytochalasan alkaloid	metabolite
cytochalasin d [no description available]	2.07	1	0
sinomenine sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic	2.07	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	2.07	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
bleomycin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	bleomycin	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	7.31	1	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.49	2	0
bakuchiol bakuchiol: chief component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn; structure	2.07	1	0
zerumbone zerumbone: RN given for (E,E,E)-isomer; structure in first source. zerumbone : A sesquiterpenoid and cyclic ketone that is (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene which is substituted by an oxo group at the carbon atom attached to two double bonds. It is obtained by steam distillation from a type of edible ginger, Zingiber zerumbet Smith, grown particularly in southeast Asia.	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketone; sesquiterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor; plant metabolite
solanesol solanesol : A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).	2.07	1	0	nonaprenol; primary alcohol	plant metabolite
guajavarin guajavarin: from leaves of Psidium guajava	2.25	1	0
narcissin flavonol narcissin flavonol: flavanol glycoside from Strumpfia maritima; do not confuse with other narcissin in Chemline, an alkaloid (lycorine (NM))	2.06	1	0	disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone
24-ethyl-4-cholesten-3-one stigmast-4-en-3-one: from the bark of Anacardium occidentale (cashew); structure in first source	2.11	1	0	C29-steroid; steroid	metabolite
lespenefril lespenefril: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. kaempferol 3,7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residues at positions 3 and 7 respectively via glycosidic linkages. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Vicia faba and Lotus edulis.	3.7	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; hypoglycemic agent; immunomodulator; plant metabolite
vitexin rhamnoside vitexin rhamnoside: an apigenin	4.56	7	0	flavonoids; glycoside
avicularin avicularin: from Polygonum aviculare L.; RN given refers to L-isomer. avicularin : A quercetin O-glycoside in which an alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated particularly from Juglans regia and Foeniculum vulgare.	2.53	2	0	alpha-L-arabinofuranoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
(1S,15S,17R,18R,19S,20S)-6,18-dimethoxy-17-[oxo-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]-1,3,11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21-dodecahydroyohimban-19-carboxylic acid methyl ester [no description available]	2.07	1	0	yohimban alkaloid
n-caproylsphingosine N-(hexanoyl)sphing-4-enine : An N-acylsphingosine consisting of sphing-4-enine bearing a hexanoyl group on nitrogen.	2.07	1	0	N-acylsphingosine
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	2.31	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
monorden monorden: inhibits HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, DNA topoisomerase VI and human Topoisomerase II	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antifungal agent; metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ginkgolide b [no description available]	2.07	1	0
homatropine hydrobromide, (endo-(+-)-isomer) [no description available]	2.07	1	0
hydrocotarnine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
salsolinol hydrobromide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
lasalocid sodium lasalocid sodium : The sodium salt of lasalocid. It is a veterinary ionophore antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.	2.07	1	0	benzoates; organic sodium salt	coccidiostat; ionophore
sclerotiorin sclerotiorin: isolated from monoverticillate Penicillia; RN given for (R-(R,S-(E,E)))-isomer; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	azaphilone
himbacine himbacine: muscarine receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha,3aalpha,4beta(1E,2(2R,6S)),4abeta,8aalpha,9aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source. himbacine : A piperidine alkaloid that is decahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-one substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a 2-[(2R,6S)-1,6-dimethylpiperidin-2-yl]ethenyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from the bark of Australian magnolias.	2.07	1	0	gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; piperidine alkaloid	muscarinic antagonist
ebelactone b ebelactone B: esterase inhibitor; structure given in first source; see also ebelactone A	2.07	1	0
3-o-methylbutein 3-O-methylbutein: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	chalcones
thermozymocidin thermozymocidin: a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor; FTY720 is an analog	2.07	1	0	alpha-amino fatty acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sphingoid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
feruloyltyramine, (z)-isomer [no description available]	2.17	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid
sanshool sanshool: isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum liebmannianum; RN given for (E,E,Z,E)-isomer; structure in first source	2.15	1	0	fatty amide
marein marein: hypoglycemic from Coreopsis tinctoria; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	flavonoids; glycoside
beta-escin [no description available]	2.51	2	0
hydroxyachillin hydroxyachillin: isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0	gamma-lactone
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.	2.07	1	0
fumagillin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; carboxylic ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; meroterpenoid; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; spiro-epoxide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; fungal metabolite; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	2.07	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
anisodamine [no description available]	2.07	1	0
pinostrobin pinostrobin: structure in first source. pinostrobin : A monohydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively.	2.48	2	0	ether; flavonoids
bufalin bufalin: cardiotonic; powerful anesthetic & one of the active constituents of the Chinese drug ch'an su(senso); in Japan prepared from skin of Bufo bufo garfarizans; RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer. bufalin : A 14beta-hydroxy steroid that is bufan-20,22-dienolide having hydroxy substituents at the 5beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the skin of the toad Bufo bufo.	2.07	1	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid	animal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; cardiotonic drug
alpha-solanine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	glycoalkaloid; organic heterohexacyclic compound; steroid saponin; trisaccharide derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; phytotoxin; plant metabolite
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	2.17	1	0	oligopeptide
apigenin-7-o-rutinoside [no description available]	2.07	1	0
gambogic acid gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer	2.07	1	0	pyranoxanthones	metabolite
bn 52020 [no description available]	2.07	1	0
carmine carminic acid : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone that is that is 1,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone substituted by a methyl group at position 8, a carboxy group at position 7 and a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 2 via a C-glycosidic linkage. It is a natural dye isolated from several insects such as Dactylopius coccus.	2.07	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid; tetrahydroxyanthraquinone	animal metabolite; histological dye
bavachinin bavachinin: do not confuse with bavachin	2.07	1	0	flavanones
nigranoic acid nigranoic acid: from stem of Schisandra sphaerandra; structure in first source. nigranoic acid : A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is 3,4-secocycloarta-4(28),24-(Z)-diene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 3 and 26. Isolated from Schisandra henryi and Schisandra propinqua, it exhibits cytotoxic and anti-HIV activities.	3.51	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; metabolite
grayanotoxin iii grayanotoxin III: from leaves of Leucothoe grayana (Ericaceae); RN refers to (3beta,6beta,14R)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
malvidin-3-glucoside oenin: pigment found in red wine	2.05	1	0
procyanidin b1 procyanidin B1 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' respectively in a beta-configuration.. Procyanidin B1 can be found in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark or cortex), in Uncaria guianensis (cat's claw, in the root), and in Vitis vinifera (common grape vine, in the leaf) or in peach.	2.05	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; metabolite
aspalathin aspalathin: structure in first source. aspalathin : A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is the 2-C-beta-D-glucopyranide of phloroglucinol and which is substituted at position 4 by a 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoyl group. A metabolite of red bush, Aspalathus linearis (and present in the herbal tea made from the leaves), aspalathin exhibits significant hypoglycemic activity.	2.08	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; catechols; dihydrochalcones; polyketide; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
Dihydrotanshinone I dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae	2.07	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
ginsenoside rd ginsenoside Rd: RN refers to (3beta,12beta)-isomer. ginsenoside Rd : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to its beta-D-glucopyranoside.	2.21	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; apoptosis inducer; immunosuppressive agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; vulnerary
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2.07	1	0	benzoxazole
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	2.6	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.08	1	0
cinobufagin cinobufagin: isolated from Chinese medicinal preparation ch'an su; derived from toad venom	2.07	1	0	steroid lactone
atropine sulfate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
cannogenin thevetoside cannogenin thevetoside: from Thevetia neriifolia; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search CARDENOLIDES (77-84), CARDANOLIDES (75-76); RN given refers to (3beta,5beta)-isomer	2.07	1	0	cardenolide glycoside
eriodictyol 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside [no description available]	2.07	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavanone	plant metabolite; radical scavenger
luteolin-7-o-glucuronide luteolin-7-O-glucuronide: from the leaves and flowers of the cannabinoid-free cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa L., Cannabaceae); structure in first source	2.01	1	0
grasshopper ketone grasshopper ketone: a phytotoxin isolated from Oryza sativa Awaakamai; structure in first source. grasshopper ketone : A member of the class of allenes that is cyclohexane substituted by 3-oxobut-1-en-1-ylidene, methyl, hydroxy, hydroxy, methyl and methyl groups at positions 1, 2, 2, 4, 6 and 6, respectively (the 2R,3R,4S-stereoisomer). It is isolated from the grasshopper, Romalea microptera.	2.17	1	0
hypocrellin a hypocrellin A: isolated from fungus Hypocrella bambusae sacc	2.07	1	0
lyoniside lyoniside: see also eleutherosides & syringin for eleutheroside B: 118-34-3; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer	2.07	1	0
agrimoniin agrimoniin: tannin of Agrimonia pilosa; structure given in first source. agrimoniin : A dimeric hydrolysable tannin in which 2 moles of potentillin monomer are linked via a dehydrogalloyl group; an antitumor tannin of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb., which induces interleukin-1.	2.11	1	0	tannin
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	2.83	3	0
dihydrorobinetin dihydrorobinetin: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
oleracein e oleracein E: antioxidant from Portulaca oleracea; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
nothofagin nothofagin: a dihydrochalcone	2.08	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	7.41	1	0
monensin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
ribociclib ribociclib: inhibits both CDK4 and CDK6	2.17	1	0
isoquercitrin [no description available]	2.08	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.05	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2.07	1	0
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.07	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.15	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.	2.07	1	0
vulpinic acid vulpinic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source; vulpinic acid refers to (E)-isomer	2.07	1	0	butenolide
betalains Betalains: Compounds derived from TYROSINE via betalamic acid, including BETAXANTHINS and BETACYANINS. They are found in the Caryophyllales order of PLANTS and some BASIDIOMYCETES.	3.25	1	0
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	2.01	1	0
ajmaline [no description available]	2.07	1	0
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.11	1	0
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	2	1	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
alpha-cyclopiazonic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	0	alpha-cyclopiazonic acids

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	8.78	3	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.08	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.08	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.69	24	0
Allodynia [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	5.4	19	0
Ache [description not available]	2.82	3	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	5.4	19	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	2.82	3	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	4.13	5	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	4.13	5	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	2.17	1	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	3.33	1	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	3.33	1	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	4.07	2	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	4.42	3	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	3.52	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	4.42	3	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	3.52	1	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	4.07	2	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.66	2	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	2.63	2	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	2.66	2	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	3.21	4	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	3.21	4	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.82	3	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.66	2	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	2.66	2	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.53	7	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.41	1	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.53	7	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.41	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.41	1	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	2.41	1	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	2.9	2	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	3.49	5	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	2.9	2	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	4.23	11	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	4.19	11	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	4.19	11	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	9.23	11	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	7.83	3	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.82	2	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.82	2	0
Itching [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	2.6	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	8.14	4	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	3.14	4	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	2.6	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.6	1	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	2.6	1	0
Exertional Heat Illness [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	7.21	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.52	2	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	3.2	5	0
Alcoholic Hepatitis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Hepatitis, Alcoholic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	2.25	1	0
Neurogenic Inflammation Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury.	3.17	1	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.25	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	3.49	7	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	3.49	7	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	2.25	1	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	3.17	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	4.19	5	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	7.31	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.31	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	4.01	4	0
Nephrolithiasis Formation of stones in the KIDNEY.	2.31	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	2.31	1	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	2.31	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.31	1	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	2.41	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2.55	2	0
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	2.31	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	4.17	3	1
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	2.53	2	0
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	2.15	1	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	2.83	3	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.87	3	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	7.87	3	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	3.46	2	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	3.46	2	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	7.17	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.17	1	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.85	3	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	3.08	4	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	3.08	4	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.85	3	0
Aura [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	7.55	2	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.81	3	0
Sex Disorders [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.	2.21	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	7.17	1	0
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	3.09	1	0
Nicotine Addiction [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Tobacco Use Disorder Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.	2.21	1	0
Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.	2.21	1	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	7.21	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2.21	1	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.21	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.08	1	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	7.08	1	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	2.08	1	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.08	1	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	7.48	2	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	2.48	2	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	9.14	3	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	4.14	3	1
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	2.95	4	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.11	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	2.11	1	0
Envenomation, Snakebite [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	2.13	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.11	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	2.13	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.98	4	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.07	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	7.07	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.08	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.07	1	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.08	1	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Weight Reduction [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	3.39	1	1
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	2.03	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.03	1	0
Endemic Goiter [description not available]	1.97	1	0

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Cross-References

Synonyms (62)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (7)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (25)

Molecular Functions (18)

Ceullar Components (7)

Bioassays (78)

Research

Studies (254)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 48.61

Study Types

Related Drugs (649)

Related Conditions (173)