Compounds > leucylleucine
Page last updated: 2024-12-07

leucylleucine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Leucylleucine, also known as di-leucine, is a dipeptide composed of two leucine amino acid residues. It is a naturally occurring compound that is found in various proteins and peptides. Its synthesis can be achieved through various methods, including enzymatic reactions and chemical synthesis. Research into leucylleucine has revealed several interesting effects. For instance, studies have shown that it may have potential as an anti-inflammatory agent, exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, it has been implicated in regulating certain metabolic processes, such as glucose metabolism. The study of leucylleucine is of interest due to its potential role in health and disease. Its anti-inflammatory properties and its involvement in metabolic regulation make it a promising target for further investigation. Understanding the mechanisms behind its actions could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for various conditions.'

Leu-Leu : A dipeptide formed from two L-leucine residues. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

leucylleucine: RN given refers to (DL-Leu-DL-Leu)-isomer [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID76807
CHEMBL ID54933
CHEBI ID73531
SCHEMBL ID235250
MeSH IDM0115552
PubMed CID94244
CHEMBL ID1221715
CHEBI ID6418
SCHEMBL ID235249
MeSH IDM0115552

Synonyms (65)

Synonym
3303-31-9
nsc 89185
einecs 221-976-6
n-l-leucyl-l-leucine
leu-leu
l-leucyl-l-leucine ,
(s)-2-((s)-2-amino-4-methyl-pentanoylamino)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid
2-(2-amino-4-methyl-pentanoylamino)-4-methyl-pentanoic acid
bdbm50188496
CHEMBL54933 ,
chebi:73531 ,
(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid
AKOS010420853
ll dipeptide
l-leu-l-leu
h-leu-leu-oh
h-l-leu-l-leu-oh
(s)-2-((s)-2-amino-4-methylpentanamido)-4-methylpentanoic acid
leucine, leucyl-
SCHEMBL235250
leu-leu-oh
DTXSID00186696
mfcd00065185
leucine leucine dipeptide
leucine-leucine dipeptide
l-l dipeptide
Q27140613
DS-14566
(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-azaniumyl-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoate
CS-W009358
HY-W008642
nsc89185
nsc-89185
CHEMBL1221715
chebi:6418 ,
nsc-524455
nsc524455
leucyl-leucine
2883-36-5
MAYBRIDGE1_006550
leucylleucine
HMS560B16
2-[(2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl)amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid
AKOS009159083
2-(2-amino-4-methylpentanamido)-4-methylpentanoic acid
einecs 220-741-5
n-dl-leucyl-dl-leucine
FT-0637578
FT-0634764
SCHEMBL235249
dl-leucine, n-dl-leucyl-
LCPYQJIKPJDLLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
n-(2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl)leucine #
leucylleucin
n-(2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl)leucine
FT-0771183
3-amino-2-heptanone
3272-06-8
FT-0772404
DTXSID30938827
n-(2-amino-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene)leucine
Q27107201
2-((2-amino-4-methylpentanoyl)amino)-4-methylpentanoic acid
STARBLD0014418
SY074953

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" albicans to some toxic peptides in the presence of L-lysine may be attributed to an increased rate of transport of these peptides."( Toxicity of oxalysine and oxalysine-containing peptides against Candida albicans: regulation of peptide transport by amino acids.
Basrai, MA; Becker, JM; Miller, D; Naider, F; Zhang, HL, 1992)		0.28
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
human metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
Mycoplasma genitalium metaboliteAny bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Mycoplasma genitalium.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
dipeptideAny molecule that contains two amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterionA dipeptide zwitterion that is the zwitterionic form of an L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid having a negatively charged carboxyl terminus and a positively charged amino terminus.
peptideAmide derived from two or more amino carboxylic acid molecules (the same or different) by formation of a covalent bond from the carbonyl carbon of one to the nitrogen atom of another with formal loss of water. The term is usually applied to structures formed from alpha-amino acids, but it includes those derived from any amino carboxylic acid. X = OH, OR, NH2, NHR, etc.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Solute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)170.00000.18000.19000.2000AID266249
Mu-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC50 (µMol)170.00000.00020.660310.0000AID266249
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (6)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
monoatomic ion transportSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein transportSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptide transportSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide import across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptide import across plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (4)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptide:proton symporter activitySolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
tripeptide transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptide transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (4)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
brush borderSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 15 member 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (11)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID680825TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of VACV uptake (VACV: 20 uM, Leu-Leu: 10000 uM) in PEPT1-expressing CHO cells1999The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Apr, Volume: 289, Issue:1
Interactions of a nonpeptidic drug, valacyclovir, with the human intestinal peptide transporter (hPEPT1) expressed in a mammalian cell line.
AID233318Bitter threshold value1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10
Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID500816Inhibition of nitrogen-starved wild type sigma1278b yeast Gap1-mediated amino acid uptake at 5 mM after 60 secs relative to L-citrulline2009Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 5, Issue:1
Transport and signaling via the amino acid binding site of the yeast Gap1 amino acid transceptor.
AID266249Binding affinity to human PEPT1 assessed as inhibition of [14C]Gly-Sar uptake in MDCK cells2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12
Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding.
AID266246Activation of human PEPT1 expressed in MDCK cells2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12
Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding.
AID266247Activation of human PEPT1 expressed in MDCK cells relative to Gly-Sar2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12
Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding.
AID266248Ratio of %GSmax to EC50 for human PEPT1 activation2006Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 49, Issue:12
Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding.
AID228722Bitter tasting threshold was expressed as log 1/T.1995Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-07, Volume: 38, Issue:14
Amino acid side chain descriptors for quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of peptide analogues.
AID26797Partition coefficient (logP)1987Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 30, Issue:10
Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the bitter thresholds of amino acids, peptides, and their derivatives.
AID500816Inhibition of nitrogen-starved wild type sigma1278b yeast Gap1-mediated amino acid uptake at 5 mM after 60 secs relative to L-citrulline2009Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 5, Issue:1
Transport and signaling via the amino acid binding site of the yeast Gap1 amino acid transceptor.
AID500815Activation of nitrogen-starved wild type sigma1278b yeast Gap1-mediated amino acid uptake at 5 mM after 60 secs relative to L-citrulline2009Nature chemical biology, Jan, Volume: 5, Issue:1
Transport and signaling via the amino acid binding site of the yeast Gap1 amino acid transceptor.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (56)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19907 (12.50)18.7374
1990's8 (14.29)18.2507
2000's19 (33.93)29.6817
2010's17 (30.36)24.3611
2020's5 (8.93)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 12.74

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index12.74 (24.57)
Research Supply Index1.79 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.54 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (12.74)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other5 (100.00%)84.16%
Other52 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
hippuric acid
hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.		1.9710N-acylglycinehuman blood serum metabolite;
uremic toxin
alanylalanine
alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		1.9710dipeptide
alanine
[no description available]		1.9710alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion		fundamental metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		2.3920alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
pipecolic acid
pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.		2.0510piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
taurine
[no description available]		2.0510amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-acetylphenylalanine
N-acetylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. N-acetylphenylalanine : The N-acetyl derivative of phenylalanine.		1.9710N-acetyl-amino acid;
phenylalanine derivative		antidepressant;
metabolite
cysteine
[no description available]		1.9710cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		2.420L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		2.420aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.420aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.420amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		1.9710aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.420amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		210beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		1.9710non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
asparagine
Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.		1.9710amino acid zwitterion;
asparagine;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		2.420amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		2.3920L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.420amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.420erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		1.9710arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
citrulline
citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycyl-glycyl-glycine
glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence.		2.730tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide
glycylglycine
[no description available]		3.150dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		human metabolite
norleucine
Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.		1.97102-aminohexanoic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		210beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.420glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		210cephalosporinantibacterial drug
norvaline
norvaline: differs from valine in being 1 carbon longer instead of branched; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure. L-2-aminopentanoic acid : A 2-aminopentanoic acid that has S-configuration.		1.97102-aminopentanoic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		bacterial metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent
glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-glycine
[no description available]		2.0310
ethyl tyrosine ester
ethyl tyrosine ester: RN given refers to L-isomer. ethyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is L-tyrosine in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group has been replaced by an ethyl group.		1.9710ethyl ester;
L-tyrosyl ester
leucyltyrosine
leucyltyrosine: RN given refers to L-Tyr,L-Leu-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 4/93		2.6830dipeptidemetabolite
tyrosyltyrosine
tyrosyltyrosine: RN given refers to all-(L)-isomer. tyrosyltyrosine : A dipeptide comprising tyrosine with a tyrosyl residue attached to the alpha-nitrogen.. Tyr-Tyr : Tyrosyltyrosine in which each tyrosine residue has L-configuration.		2.0310tyrosyltyrosineMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
tyrosine methyl ester
tyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosyl ester that is the methyl ester of L-tyrosine.		1.9710L-tyrosyl ester;
methyl ester
leucyl-glycyl-glycine
leucyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-leucine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.		2.420tripeptidemetabolite
acetylleucine
[no description available]		1.9710L-leucine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		metabolite
phenylalanylleucine
phenylalanylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.3820dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		plant metabolite
methyl tryptophan, (l-trp)-isomer
[no description available]		1.9710
leucyl-alanine
Leu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.6830dipeptidemetabolite
tryptophan ethyl ester
tryptophan ethyl ester: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		1.9710
leucyl-leucyl-leucine
leucyl-leucyl-leucine: RN given refers to (L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Leu-Leu : A tripeptide formed from three L-leucine residues.		2.420tripeptidemetabolite
phenylalanylphenylalanylamide
[no description available]		2.0310
tyrosylleucine
[no description available]		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
Trp-Trp
tryptophyltryptophan: an antigelation agent. Trp-Trp : A dipeptide formed from two L-tryptophan residues.		2.6830dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
glycyltryptophan
glycyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Trp : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-tryptophan residues.		2.9140dipeptidemetabolite
glycyltyrosine
Gly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.6830dipeptidemetabolite
glycylleucine
Gly-Leu : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-leucine joined by a peptide linkage.		3.150dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
histidine methyl ester
histidine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. histidine methyl ester : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of histidine.		1.9710histidine derivative
alanyltyrosine
alanyltyrosine: tyrosine source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Ala-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of L-alanine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.4120dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-l-phenylalanine
glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Gly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues.		2.9140dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		human metabolite;
metabolite
aspartyl-phenylalanine
aspartyl-phenylalanine: metabolite of aspartame; may inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme; RN given refers to all (L)-isomer		2.0510dipeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
glycylsarcosine
glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.		2.7130dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
n-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester
N-acetylphenylalanine ethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9710
alanylphenylalanine
alanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Ala-L-PheAla)-isomer		2.6830dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine
glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source		2.420oligopeptide
glycyl-glycyl-proline
Gly-Gly-Pro : A tripeptide composed of glycine, glycine and L-proline amino acids joined in sequence by peptide linkages.		2.0510tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide
tryptophylglycine
Trp-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and glycine residues.		2.4120dipeptidemetabolite
glycylaspartic acid
glycylaspartic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.7130dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-histidyl-glycine
[no description available]		2.0510oligopeptide
n-glycylglutamic acid
N-glycylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Glu : A dipeptide formed from glycyl and L-glutamic acid residues.		2.7130dipeptidemetabolite
histidylglycine
histidylglycine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. His-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and glycine residues.		2.7130dipeptidemetabolite
valylvaline
valylvaline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Val-Val : A dipeptide formed from two L-valine residues.		2.9140dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
alpha-methylphenylalanine
alpha-methylphenylalanine: induces chronic hyperphenylalaninemia in suckling rats; models for the study of inborn errors of metabolism; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
prolinamide
prolinamide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-prolinamide : The carboxamide derivative of L-proline.		2.0510amino acid amide;
L-proline derivative;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide
tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine
tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to L-isomer; this may not be the same as IMREG-1. Tyr-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-tyrosine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.		2.0510tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide		metabolite
proctolin
proctolin: neurotransmitter in arthropods or invertebrates		1.9810
glycylglutamine
glycylglutamine: inhibitory neuropeptide derived from beta-endorphin; RN given refers to (L)-isomer		1.9810dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite;
protective agent
glycyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
glycyl-leucyl-phenylalanine: an immunostimulatory peptide; RN given refer to all (L)-isomer		2.0310oligopeptide
lysyllysine
lysyllysine: RN given refers to (L-Lys)-isomer. Lys-Lys : A dipeptide formed from two L-lysine residues.		2.0310dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		2.420amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylalanylarginine
phenylalanylarginine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Phe-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-phenylalanine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
aspartylglycine
Asp-Gly : A dipeptide composed of L-aspartic acid and glycine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.4120dipeptidemetabolite
arginylarginine
Arg-Arg : A dipeptide formed from two L-arginine residues.		2.0310dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
arginylarginine 2-naphthylamide
arginylarginine 2-naphthylamide: substrate for dipeptidyl peptidase III		2.0510
histidylphenylalanine
His-Phe : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-histidine with the amino group of L-phenylalanine.		2.0510dipeptide
prolyl-tyrosine
prolyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source. Pro-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-tyrosine residues.		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
n-valyltryptophan
N-valyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.4120peptide
histidylleucine
His-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and L-leucine residues.		1.9810dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
glycyl-glycyl-valine
[no description available]		2.0510oligopeptide
prolylglutamic acid
Pro-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-glutamic acid residues.		2.0310dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-glycyl-sarcosine
glycyl-glycyl-sarcosine: structure given in first source		2.0510
cysteinylglycine
cysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83. L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism.		2.0510dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glutamyl-glutamic acid
glutamyl-glutamic acid: RN given for (L,L)-isomer. Glu-Glu : A dipeptide composed of two L-glutamic acid units joined by a peptide linkage.		2.4420dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
isoleucylvaline
isoleucylvaline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. Ile-Val : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-valine residues.		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
aspartyl-aspartic acid
aspartyl-aspartic acid: do not confuse with cyclo(Asp-Asp). Asp-Asp : A dipeptide formed from two L-aspartic acid units.		2.0310dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
Phe-Tyr
Phe-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine residues.		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
n-acetyltryptophan
N-acetyl-L-tryptophan : A N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-tryptophan.		2.420L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		metabolite
n-benzoylalanine
N-benzoylalanine: RN given refers to parent cpd (L-Ala)-isomer. N-benzoylalanine : An N-acylamino acid that is the N-benzoyl derivative of alanine.. N-benzoyl-L-alanine : An N-acyl-L-alanine resulting from the formal condensation of L-alanine with the carboxy group of benzoic acid.		1.9710N-acyl-L-alanine;
N-benzoylalanine		metabolite
phenylalanine methyl ester
phenylalanine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. methyl L-phenylalaninate : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.		1.9710alpha-amino acid ester;
L-phenylalanine derivative
n-glycylalanine
Gly-Ala : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-alanine residues.		2.7130dipeptidemetabolite
glycylvaline
glycylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		2.6830dipeptidehuman metabolite
epsilon-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-lysine
epsilon-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-lysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.0510
glycylproline
Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.		2.9140dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
glycyllysine
glycyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Lys : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-lysine residues.		2.4120dipeptidemetabolite
alanylalanine
L-alanyl-L-alanine : A dipeptide consisting of two L-alanine units joined by a peptide linkage.		2.6930dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phenylalanylalanine
phenylalanylalanine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Phe-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-alanine residues.		2.0310dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
alpha-aspartylalanine
alpha-aspartylalanine: found in pig brain. Asp-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-aspartyl and L-valine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
alanyltyrosine
Tyr-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-tyrosine and L-alanine residues.		2.4120dipeptidemetabolite
prolylglycine
prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen.		2.6830dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
arginyllysine
Arg-Lys : A dipeptide formed from L-arginyl and L-leucine residues.		2.0310dipeptidemetabolite
tryptophanol
tryptophanol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510
phenylalanylglycine
phenylalanylglycine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Phe-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and glycine residues.		2.9140dipeptidemetabolite
leucyl-phenylalanine
Leu-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-leucine and L-phenylalanine residues.		2.3820dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-alanyl-phenylalanine
[no description available]		2.0510oligopeptide
glutamylalanine
Glu-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-glutamyl and L-alanine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-alanyl-leucine
glycyl-alanyl-leucine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/91		1.9710peptide
glutaminyl-glycine
Gln-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-glutamine and glycine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
methionylglycine
methionylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Met-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-methionine and glycine residues.		2.4120dipeptidemetabolite
phenylalanylphenylalanine
Phe-Phe : A dipeptide formed from two L-phenylalanine residues.		2.3820dipeptide;
L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion		human blood serum metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
histidylhistidine
histidylhistidine: RN given for L-,L-isomer		2.4420dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
valylleucine
valylleucine: RN given refers to all L-isomer. Val-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-leucine residues.		2.6830dipeptidemetabolite
phenylalanyl-valine
Val-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-phenylalanine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
alanylglycine
[no description available]		2.6830dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
valyltyrosine
valyltyrosine: from sardine muscle hydrolyzate. Val-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-tyrosine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
alpha-glutamyltryptophan
Trp-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and L-glutamic acid residues.		2.6830dipeptidemetabolite
lysylglutamic acid
lysylglutamic acid: a geroprotective agent. Lys-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and L-glutamic acid residues.		2.0310dipeptidemetabolite
methionylglutamic acid
Met-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-methionine and L-glutamic acid residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
Ala-Lys
Ala-Lys : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-alanine with the alpha-amino group of L-lysine.		2.0310dipeptidemarine metabolite
valyl-valyl-valine
[no description available]		2.0310peptide
phenylalanylproline
Phe-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-proline residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
lysylglycine
lysylglycine: structure in first source. Lys-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and glycine residues.		2.4120dipeptidemetabolite
glycylhistidine
glycylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-His : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-histidine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.4120dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
prolylisoleucine
prolylisoleucine: RN refers to (L)-isomer. Pro-Ile : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-isoleucine residues.		1.9710dipeptidemetabolite
phenylalanyl-valine
phenylalanyl-valine: structure in first source. Phe-Val : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-valine residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
isoleucyl-tyrosine
isoleucyl-tyrosine: a dipeptide with antihypertensive effect. Ile-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-tyrosine residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
prolyl-serine
Pro-Ser : A dipeptide formed from L-proline and L-serine residues.		2.0310dipeptidemetabolite
prolylvaline
Val-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-proline residues.		1.9810dipeptidemetabolite
homocarnosine
homocarnosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. homocarnosine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group.		2.0510dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
homocarnosine;
L-histidine derivative;
N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion;
N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite
prolyl-proline
Pro-Pro : A dipeptide formed from two L-proline residues.		2.0310dipeptidehuman urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
clove
Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)		2.0510
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		210L-valyl esterantiviral drug
phosphoserine
Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.		2.0110non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
O-phosphoamino acid;
serine derivative		human metabolite
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		2.1310alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		2.02102-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
alanylalanine
alanylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		2.4120dipeptide
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		1.9810sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
glycine
[no description available]		1.9610alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
pipecolic acid
pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.		2.0510piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.2510alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		2.1510azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
taurine
[no description available]		2.0510amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiorphan
Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.		1.9810N-acyl-amino acid
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		2.4120alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		2.0510L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		2.0510aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.0510aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.4220amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		2.9140amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.9740amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.0510erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.1510aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
citrulline
citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
citrulline		Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
protective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycyl-glycyl-glycine
glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence.		2.0510tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide
glycylglycine
[no description available]		2.4420dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		human metabolite
glycochenodeoxycholic acid
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.		2.110bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.0510glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
enkephalin, methionine
Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.		1.9810
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		1.9810alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
phenylalanylphenylalanine
phenylalanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L,L)-isomer		2.8130
leucyltyrosine
leucyltyrosine: RN given refers to L-Tyr,L-Leu-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 4/93		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
leucyl-glycyl-glycine
leucyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-leucine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.		2.0510tripeptidemetabolite
ubenimex
ubenimex: growth inhibitor		1.9810
phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanine
phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer		2.1310oligopeptide
phenylalanylleucine
phenylalanylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.1310dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		plant metabolite
leucyl-alanine
Leu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
leucyl-leucyl-leucine
leucyl-leucyl-leucine: RN given refers to (L-Leu-L-Leu-L-Leu)-isomer. Leu-Leu-Leu : A tripeptide formed from three L-leucine residues.		2.0510tripeptidemetabolite
alanylproline
alanylproline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer		2.1310dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
glycyltryptophan
glycyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Trp : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-tryptophan residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
glycylleucine
Gly-Leu : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-leucine joined by a peptide linkage.		2.0510dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
glycyl-l-phenylalanine
glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Gly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues.		2.0510dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		human metabolite;
metabolite
aspartyl-phenylalanine
aspartyl-phenylalanine: metabolite of aspartame; may inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme; RN given refers to all (L)-isomer		2.0510dipeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
glycylsarcosine
glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.		2.3920dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine
glycyl-leucyl-tyrosine: structure given in first source		2.0510oligopeptide
glycyl-glycyl-proline
Gly-Gly-Pro : A tripeptide composed of glycine, glycine and L-proline amino acids joined in sequence by peptide linkages.		2.0510tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide
glycylaspartic acid
glycylaspartic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-histidyl-glycine
[no description available]		2.0510oligopeptide
n-glycylglutamic acid
N-glycylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-Glu : A dipeptide formed from glycyl and L-glutamic acid residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
histidylglycine
histidylglycine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer. His-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and glycine residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
glycylleucine
glycylleucine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		7.9440
methionylmethionine
methionylmethionine: has growth-promoting ability equal to DL-methionine; RN given refers to (DL-Met-DL-Met)-isomer. Met-Met : A dipeptide formed from two L-methionine residues.		2.1310
valylvaline
valylvaline: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Val-Val : A dipeptide formed from two L-valine residues.		2.7130dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
alpha-methylphenylalanine
alpha-methylphenylalanine: induces chronic hyperphenylalaninemia in suckling rats; models for the study of inborn errors of metabolism; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
prolinamide
prolinamide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. L-prolinamide : The carboxamide derivative of L-proline.		2.0510amino acid amide;
L-proline derivative;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide
tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine
tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine: RN given refers to L-isomer; this may not be the same as IMREG-1. Tyr-Gly-Gly : A tripeptide composed of one L-tyrosine and two glycine residues joined in sequence.		2.0510tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide		metabolite
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginylarginine 2-naphthylamide
arginylarginine 2-naphthylamide: substrate for dipeptidyl peptidase III		2.0510
histidylphenylalanine
His-Phe : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of L-histidine with the amino group of L-phenylalanine.		2.0510dipeptide
histidylproline
His-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and L-proline residues.		1.9310dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
i-677
4-oxalysine: from Streptomyces reseoviridofuscus; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. O-(2-aminoethyl)-L-serine : An L-alpha-amino acid that is L-serine in which the hydroxy group at position 3 is converted to the corresponding 2-aminoethyl ether. An antimetabolic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces reseoviridofuscus.		1.9810L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
prolylleucine
prolylleucine: RN given refers to (D-Leu-L-Pro)-isomer		2.1310
histidylleucine
His-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and L-leucine residues.		1.9310dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
glycyl-glycyl-valine
[no description available]		2.0510oligopeptide
glycyl-glycyl-sarcosine
glycyl-glycyl-sarcosine: structure given in first source		2.0510
cysteinylglycine
cysteinylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemlne 7/13/83. L-cysteinylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-cysteinyl attached to its alpha-amino group. It is an intermediate metabolite in glutathione metabolism.		2.0510dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glutamyl-glutamic acid
glutamyl-glutamic acid: RN given for (L,L)-isomer. Glu-Glu : A dipeptide composed of two L-glutamic acid units joined by a peptide linkage.		2.0510dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
n-acetyltryptophan
N-acetyl-L-tryptophan : A N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-tryptophan.		2.0510L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		metabolite
n-glycylalanine
Gly-Ala : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-alanine residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
glycylvaline
glycylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		2.0510dipeptidehuman metabolite
epsilon-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-lysine
epsilon-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-lysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.0510
glycylproline
Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.		2.4820dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
u-50488
3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine		1.9810dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		analgesic;
antitussive;
calcium channel blocker;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist
genistein
[no description available]		2107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		2.1310chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
ecdysterone
Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.		2.11014alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-hydroxy steroid;
22-hydroxy steroid;
25-hydroxy steroid;
2beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ecdysteroid;
phytoecdysteroid		animal metabolite;
plant metabolite
ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.		1.9810ammonium salt;
inorganic sulfate salt		fertilizer
prolylglycine
prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. L-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen.		2.1310dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
tanespimycin
CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A		2.1101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
Hsp90 inhibitor
tryptophanol
tryptophanol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0510
phenylalanylglycine
phenylalanylglycine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer. Phe-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and glycine residues.		2.4820dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-alanyl-phenylalanine
[no description available]		2.0510oligopeptide
methionylglycine
methionylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Met-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-methionine and glycine residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
histidylhistidine
histidylhistidine: RN given for L-,L-isomer		2.0510dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
valylleucine
valylleucine: RN given refers to all L-isomer. Val-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-leucine residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
alanylglycine
[no description available]		2.0510dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
valyltyrosine
valyltyrosine: from sardine muscle hydrolyzate. Val-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-tyrosine residues.		1.9310dipeptidemetabolite
alpha-glutamyltryptophan
Trp-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and L-glutamic acid residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
methionylglutamic acid
Met-Glu : A dipeptide formed from L-methionine and L-glutamic acid residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
leucyl-leucine-methyl ester
leucyl-leucine-methyl ester: RN given refers to all L-isomer		2.1110peptide
phenylalanyl-valine
phenylalanyl-valine: structure in first source. Phe-Val : A dipeptide formed from L-phenylalanine and L-valine residues.		2.0510dipeptidemetabolite
nikkomycin
[no description available]		1.9810
homocarnosine
homocarnosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. homocarnosine : A histidine derivative that is histidine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-amino group has been replaced by a 4-aminobutanoyl group.		2.0510dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
homocarnosine;
L-histidine derivative;
N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid anion;
N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite
clove
Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)		2.0510
angiotensinogen
Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.		1.9310
ristocetin
Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.. ristocetin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is produced by species of Amycolatopsis and Nocardia.		2.6620glycopeptide;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
tetrasaccharide derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
platelet-activating factor receptor agonist
calpain
Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.		2.610
peptones
Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)		1.9810
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		2.3520
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		210guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		02.610
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		02.610
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		02.610
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		02.610
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.1710
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		02.1710
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		02.110
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.110
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		01.9610