Roles > acid-base indicator
Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:24:38

acid-base indicator

An acid or base which exhibits a colour change on neutralization by the basic or acidic titrant at or near the equivalence point of a titration.

ChEBI ID: 50407

Members (9)

MemberDefinitionClass
aminacrineAn aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.9-aminoacridine
bromcresol purpleA member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl groups. A hydrophilic dye that is used as a pH indicator and to measure serum albumin concentrations.bromocresol purple
bromphenol blue3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. It is used as a laboratory indicator, changing from yellow below pH 3 to purple at pH 4.6, and as a size marker for monitoring the progress of agarose gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has also been used as an industrial dye.bromophenol blue
bromthymol blueA member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl groups.bromothymol blue
cresol redA member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl groups.cresol red
methylene blueAn organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.methylene blue
neutral redA hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.neutral red
neutral red baseA member of the class of phenazines carrying methyl, amino and dimethylamino substituents at positions 2, 3 and 7 respectively. The free base of neutral red, which acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.neutral red base
phenolsulfonphthalein3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.phenol red

Research

Studies (13,470)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-19903,788 (28.12)18.7374
1990's2,030 (15.07)18.2507
2000's2,447 (18.17)29.6817
2010's3,571 (26.51)24.3611
2020's1,634 (12.13)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials447 (3.08%)5.53%
Reviews407 (2.80%)6.00%
Case Studies846 (5.82%)4.05%
Observational20 (0.14%)0.25%
Other12,806 (88.16%)84.16%

Protein Targets (160)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency28.183822
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.376648
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.821424
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.183811
alpha-galactosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency40.074822
Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1Plasmodium falciparum 3D7Potency2.818411
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.5713716
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.995724
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.730511
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.749412
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency37.933011
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.749412
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2BHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine proteaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.104612
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
caspase-3Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.104612
Caspase-7Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.989523
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.716812
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.735822
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency31.622812
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3AHomo sapiens (human)Potency47.393612
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.387211
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolaseGiardia intestinalisPotency22.334211
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency41.785423
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homologHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.387211
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.309611
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.320712
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.389011
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.517612
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.722713
DNA polymerase betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.118911
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency53.176412
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.184613
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.392612
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.5011826
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency41.196422
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.1862621
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency53.454012
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.142212
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency24.993713
Fumarate hydrataseHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.782811
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency1.320712
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.310911
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.350026
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.348412
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.806222
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency26.376114
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chainHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.501211
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000011
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.183811
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency58.292922
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency6.309613
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency9.410726
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency25.475428
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.952611
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.320712
huntingtin isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
hypothetical protein, conservedTrypanosoma bruceiPotency27.717012
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency42.270723
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.199522
IDH1Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.307811
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.320714
Inositol monophosphatase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.995311
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.267736
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency52.119411
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.481311
lethal factor (plasmid)Bacillus anthracis str. A2012Potency2.511911
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency15.580337
luciferasePhoturis pensylvanica (Pennsylania firefly)Potency10.000011
luteinizing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency84.921411
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.553922
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.079511
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.818411
neuropeptide S receptor isoform AHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.182433
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.575624
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.096512
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.741112
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency11.220211
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.126139
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency66.077312
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency48.022412
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency10.181511
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.845022
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency36.719511
phosphoglycerate kinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency17.782811
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency79.042033
plasminogen precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency15.211312
polyproteinZika virusPotency17.782811
PPM1D proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.556912
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.124823
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency51.040612
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.810722
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency100.000011
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency8.962625
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.3316310
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.056824
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.025844
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.843711
SMAD family member 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.740011
SMAD family member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency6.740011
Smad3Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.000011
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency39.810711
survival motor neuron protein isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.493813
T cell receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency6.284111
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.831228
thioredoxin glutathione reductaseSchistosoma mansoniPotency31.622811
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency21.678426
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency42.239522
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.5851515
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
TSHR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.503522
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency15.211312
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursorMus musculus (house mouse)Potency15.211312
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency42.800022
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.196624
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.608855
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency26.376114
VprHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Potency39.810711
WRNHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.118711

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.500011
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.500011
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.500011
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)IC5013.035022
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] BHomo sapiens (human)IC50112.000011
Amyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)IC500.500011
Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5062.375024
Arrestin, beta 1Homo sapiens (human)IC508.884011
caspase-3 isoform a preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)IC5015.750012
caspase-9 isoform alpha precursorHomo sapiens (human)IC5015.750012
Chain E, Fibrin beta chainHomo sapiens (human)IC5046.265522
CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziIC5070.000022
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase Plasmodium falciparum (malaria parasite P. falciparum)IC501,000.000011
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrialSus scrofa (pig)IC501,000.000011
Glutathione reductasePlasmodium falciparum 3D7IC506.400011
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)IC5016.200022
integrase, partialHuman immunodeficiency virus 1IC5023.358024
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75Homo sapiens (human)IC5023.358024
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)IC509.425044
neutrophil cytosol factor 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.390011
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]Homo sapiens (human)IC500.445022
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)IC5030.000011
Trypanothione reductaseTrypanosoma cruziKi38.000011

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)EC500.360022
POsterior SegregationCaenorhabditis elegansEC5099.842512
recombinase AMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvEC5078.650022
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)EC5064.070012
Zinc finger protein mex-5Caenorhabditis elegansEC5064.070012

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
AlbuminBos taurus (cattle)Kdiss2.900011
Caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidaseHomo sapiens (human)AC501.600011
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase Plasmodium falciparum (malaria parasite P. falciparum)Km49.000011
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrialSus scrofa (pig)Km28.000011
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform aHomo sapiens (human)AC500.936011
FATTY-ACID-CoA LIGASE FADD28 (FATTY-ACID-CoA SYNTHETASE) (FATTY-ACID-CoA SYNTHASE)Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvAC5033.610011
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)Km6.300011
protein AF-9 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)AC504.080011
replicative DNA helicaseMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvAC5058.180022
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)Km95.000011
chemdatabank.com