baicalin profile

Baicalin is a flavonoid compound found in the roots of the Scutellaria baicalensis plant, commonly known as Baikal skullcap. It is a glycosylated form of baicalein, with a glucose molecule attached to the baicalein structure. Baicalin has been extensively studied for its potential medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. It is believed to work by modulating various signaling pathways involved in cell survival, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Baicalin has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for centuries to treat various ailments, including fever, cough, and inflammation. Its potential therapeutic applications have garnered significant interest in modern scientific research. Studies have shown that baicalin may be beneficial for treating conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and cardiovascular diseases. However, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and efficacy in humans. '

Flora	Rank	Flora Definition	Family	Family Definition
Scutellaria	genus	A plant genus of the family Lamiaceae used in folk medicine.[MeSH]	Lamiaceae	The mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).[MeSH]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	64982
CHEMBL ID	485818
CHEBI ID	2981
SCHEMBL ID	285082
MeSH ID	M0114730

Synonym
beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid, 5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-7-yl
CHEBI:2981 ,
5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4h-chromen-7-yl beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid
7-d-glucuronic acid-5,6-dihydroxyflavone
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone 7-o-beta-d-glucuronide
(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-(5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-chromen-7-yl)oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylic acid
5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone-7-o-.beta.-d-glucopyranosideuronic acid
tjn-151
baicalein-7-d-glucuronide
baicalin ,
baicalein 7-o-glucuronide
21967-41-9
baicalin, 95%
7-d-glucuronic acid-5,6-dihydroxy-flavone
(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-(5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4h-chromen-7-yloxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-carboxylic acid
bdbm50242173
CHEMBL485818 ,
baicalein 7-glucuronide
AKOS007930529
A815791
(2s,3s,4s,5r,6r)-6-(5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-chromen-7-yl)oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-carboxylic acid
AKOS015955933
unii-347q89u4m5
347q89u4m5 ,
(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-((5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4h-chromen-7-yl)oxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-carboxylic acid
AM84780
0xe ,
baicalin [who-dd]
.beta.-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid, 5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-7-yl
baicalein 7-o-glucuronide [usp-rs]
baicalein 7-o-.beta.-d-glucuronide
baicalin [inci]
baicalin [vandf]
31564-28-0
(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-(5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-chromen-7-yl)oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxy-oxane-2-carboxylic acid
CCG-214128
SCHEMBL285082
HY-N0197
CS-5302
baikalin
Q-100275
IKIIZLYTISPENI-ZFORQUDYSA-N
baicalein 7-o-beta-d-glucuronide
mfcd00134418
baicalin, >=99.0% (hplc)
baicalein 7-o-b-d-glucuronide
AC-7990
baicalin, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
J-013512
(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-[(5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4h-chromen-7-yl)oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-(5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4h-chromen-7-yloxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-carboxylic acid
Q2879368
baicalin,(s)
baicaloside
baicalein 7-beta-d-glucuronide
AS-13226
BRD-K49962337-001-01-1
(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-6-(5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenylchromen-7-yl)oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylicacid
5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-7-yl \|a-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid
NCGC00386028-03
baicalin 1000 microg/ml in methanol
DTXSID701346569
baicalein 7-beta-d-glucopyranosiduronate
baicalein 7-o-glucuronide (usp-rs)
PD132941

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"As baicalin is a natural compound with a long history of safe administration to humans, it is a highly attractive base from which to develop new treatments for schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric diseases."	( Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor. Claasen, B; Giralt, E; Kichik, N; Prades, R; Tarragó, T; Teixidó, M, 2008)	2.3
"Baicalin is a flavonoid that derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis, and it has been reported to take part in the regulation of adipocyte function."	( Baicalin attenuates diet-induced obesity partially through promoting thermogenesis in adipose tissue. Li, H; Tang, S, )	2.3
"Baicalin (BAI) is a flavonoid refined from dried roots of Scutellaria baicalensis possessing the function of hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-atherosclerotic efficacies.etc."	( Baicalin protects against zearalenone-induced chicks liver and kidney injury by inhibiting expression of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and caspase signaling pathway. Gao, X; Huang, W; Jiang, L; Li, S; Liu, W; Wang, K; Wei, Z; Xu, J; Yang, Z; Zhao, H; Zhu, X, 2021)	2.79
"Baicalin is a well-known flavonoid compound, possess therapeutic potential against inflammatory diseases. "	( Baicalin alleviates Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via modulating NLRP3 inflammasome-autophagy pathway. Chen, C; Ishfaq, M; Li, J; Li, R; Wang, J; Wu, Z, 2021)	3.51
"Baicalin (BI) is an important biologically active flavonoid isolated from the root of Scutellaria radix (Huang Qin). "	( Therapeutic effect of baicalin on inflammatory bowel disease: A review. Cao, Y; Dai, X; Li, X; Liang, Y; Liu, K; Long, J; Lu, J; Wang, X; Xie, L, 2022)	2.48
"Baicalin is a plant-derived flavonoid from "	( Baicalin inhibits APEC-induced lung injury by regulating gut microbiota and SCFA production. Fu, BD; Peng, LY; Shen, HQ; Shen, SY; Shi, HT; Tan, YR; Yi, PF, 2021)	3.51
"Baicalin, which is a natural bioactive compound of S."	( Baicalin Alleviates Thrombin-Induced Inflammation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Jia, M; Li, Q; Wang, P; Zhang, A; Zheng, X; Zhou, Q, 2022)	2.89
"Baicalin (BCL) is a natural compound associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities, among many others. "	( Revealing therapeutic targets and mechanism of baicalin for anti-chronic gastritis using proteomic analysis of the gastric tissue. Huo, Y; Ji, W; Wang, X; Zhang, Y, 2022)	2.42
"Baicalin is a flavonoid compound abundant in multiple edible and medicinal plants such as Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. "	( Baicalin ameliorates alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis by suppressing SREBP1c elicited PNPLA3 competitive binding to ATGL. Chen, Y; Chen, Z; Ke, X; Li, P; Luo, X; Wang, J; Wang, M; Zhang, R; Zuo, L, 2022)	3.61
"Baicalin is an ingredient isolated from a natural product that with potential to attenuate inflammation and pain in AP."	( Dysregulated B7H4/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway Involves in Hypertriglyceridemia Acute Pancreatitis and Is Attenuated by Baicalin. Dong, Y; Han, F; Li, J; Su, H; Wu, G; Xu, J; Yang, J, 2023)	1.84
"Baicalin is a flavonoid isolated from"	( Baicalin Induces a Potent Innate Immune Response to Inhibit Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication Huang, X; Qin, S; Qu, S, 2022)	2.89
"Baicalin (BA) is a flavonoid, extracted from the medicinal plant Scutellariae baicalensis Georgi."	( Promising cardioprotective effect of baicalin in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through targeting toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Eissa, LA; El-Ela, SRA; Zaghloul, RA, 2022)	1.72
"Baicalin is a generally available flavonoid with potent biological activity. "	( Exploring the protective mechanism of baicalin in treatment of atherosclerosis using endothelial cells deregulation model and network pharmacology. Li, M; Ren, C, 2022)	2.44
"Baicalin is a flavone glycoside found in plants such as"	( Baicalin Modulates Inflammatory Response of Macrophages Activated by LPS via Calcium-CHOP Pathway. An, HJ; Lee, JY; Park, W, 2022)	2.89
"Baicalin is a promising anticancer nutraceutical compound, but its application is hindered by its low water solubility and bioavailability, which can be remedied by its encapsulation in nanoparticles."	( Baicalin lipid nanocapsules for treatment of glioma: characterization, mechanistic cytotoxicity, and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Abdel Gaber, SA; Ahmed-Farid, OAH; El-Sherbiny, IM; Fawzi Kabil, M; Hirsch, AKH; Ibrahim, A; Nasr, M, 2022)	3.61
"Baicalin LNCs is a promising treatment modality for glioma, when administered through intravenous or intranasal routes."	( Baicalin lipid nanocapsules for treatment of glioma: characterization, mechanistic cytotoxicity, and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Abdel Gaber, SA; Ahmed-Farid, OAH; El-Sherbiny, IM; Fawzi Kabil, M; Hirsch, AKH; Ibrahim, A; Nasr, M, 2022)	3.61
"Baicalin (BG) is a bioactive flavonoid extracted from the dried root of the medicinal plant, Scutellaria radix (SR) (dicotyledonous family, Labiatae), and has several biological activities. "	( Effect of polyethylene glycol 400 on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of baicalin by intravenous injection based on the enzyme activity of UGT1A8/1A9. Cao, SY; Gao, XL; Meng, XX; Shang, LY; Wang, PJ; Yang, QM; Zhang, M; Zhang, S; Zhou, MH, 2023)	2.58
"Baicalin magnesium is a water-soluble compound isolated from the aqueous solution by Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. "	( Protective effecs of baicalin magnesium on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rats are based on inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway. Chang, J; Guan, X; Liu, C; Liu, J; Mao, X; Shen, S; Song, H; Song, J; Zhang, L, 2023)	2.67
"Baicalin is an important active flavonoid isolated from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis (S. "	( Therapeutic Mechanism of Baicalin in Experimental Colitis Analyzed Using Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics. Li, Y; Liu, K; Meng, L; Mu, G; Qian, L; Ruan, X; Sun, Z; Wang, M; Wu, J; Wu, Q; Wu, X; Zhu, L, 2023)	2.66
"Baicalin is a biologically active flavone glucuronide with poor water solubility that can be enhanced via glucosylation. "	( Enzymatic Synthesis of α-Glucosyl-Baicalin through Transglucosylation via Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase in Water. Auriol, D; Bernard, S; De Bizemont, A; Don Simoni, E; Hubert, J; Humeau, A; Kotland, A; Lambert, C; Lemagnen, P; Paulus, C; Reynaud, R, 2023)	2.63
"Baicalin is a flavonoid extracted from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi."	( Baicalin inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth and metastasis by suppressing ROCK1 signaling. An, H; Chen, W; Du, Q; He, C; He, S; Huang, S; Li, T; Liu, Y; Sun, H; Sun, J; Wen, B; Xu, W; Yang, X; Zhao, W; Zhong, X, 2023)	3.07
"Baicalin is a plant-derived, biologically active compound exerting numerous advantageous effects. "	( Regulatory effects of baicalin, a flavonoid compound, on adipocyte metabolism. Konieczna, K; Szkudelska, K; Szkudelski, T, 2023)	2.67
"Baicalin (BA) is a major active component from the traditional Chinese medicine, which has been widely used to treat brain diseases. "	( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity of Baicalin liposome on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury rats via intranasal administration. Ci, Z; Cui, M; Li, N; Long, Y; Lv, X; Xiang, Y; Yang, Q; Zhang, R; Zheng, C, 2020)	2.25
"Baicalin is a naturally derived flavonoid famous for its pharmacological properties, but the preventive effects of baicalin against immune impairment remain unclear."	( Baicalin mitigated Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced structural damage and attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis in chicken thymus through the Nrf2/HO-1 defence pathway. Hu, W; Ishfaq, M; Li, J; Qiao, Z; Shah, SWA; Zhang, W, 2019)	2.68
"Baicalin (BA) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula against various inflammatory diseases with a proven role of the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway regulation."	( Baicalin Ameliorates Dexamethasone-Induced Osteoporosis by Regulation of the RANK/RANKL/OPG Signaling Pathway. Li, TT; Tzeng, CM; Wang, HL; Yang, F; Zhao, Y, 2020)	2.72
"Baicalin is an important flavonoid compound THAT is isolated from the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Chinese herb and plays a critical role in anti‑oxidative, anti‑inflammatory, anti‑infection and anti‑tumor functions. "	( Baicalin alleviates bleomycin‑induced pulmonary fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation in rats via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Chen, D; Gao, Y; Li, C; Li, L; Li, Z; Liu, J; Lu, A; Mu, K; Ren, Y; Zhao, H, 2020)	3.44
"Baicalin is a natural compound from the dry raw root of Scutellaria baicalensis (S."	( Immunological regulatory effect of flavonoid baicalin on innate immune toll-like receptors. Jiang, M; Li, Z; Zhu, G, 2020)	1.54
"Baicalin is a flavonoid glycoside that possesses multiple pharmacological properties including anti-fibrotic activity."	( Baicalin suppresses renal fibrosis through microRNA-124/TLR4/NF-κB axis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy mice and high glucose-treated human proximal tubule epithelial cells. Liang, R; Wang, P; Xu, L; Yang, C; Zhang, S, 2020)	2.72
"Baicalin is an active compound which demonstrates cardioprotection effects against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI)."	( Baicalin regulates macrophages polarization and alleviates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting JAK/STAT pathway. Li, X; Song, L; Xu, M, 2020)	3.44
"Baicalin is a flavonoid isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis with anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic pharmacological properties. "	( Baicalin alleviates collagen‑induced arthritis and suppresses TLR2/MYD88/NF‑κB p65 signaling in rats and HFLS‑RAs. Bai, L; Bai, Y; Duan, H; Huang, L; Ma, R; Wan, Q; Wang, L; Yang, Y; Zhang, W, 2020)	3.44
"Baicalin (BL) is a flavonoid which has been studied in the treatment of several types of cancer including lung cancer."	( Baicalin encapsulating lipid-surfactant conjugate based nanomicelles: Preparation, characterization and anticancer activity. Agraval, H; Jain, P; Jangid, AK; Kulhari, H; Pooja, D; Rai, DB; Yadav, UC, 2020)	2.72
"Baicalin is a compound extracted from the dried root of "	( Effect of baicalin on gestational hypertension-induced vascular endothelial cell damage. Jia, Y; Liu, Y; Shi, N; Xiong, M; Zhou, F, 2020)	2.4
"Baicalin is a flavone glycoside that possesses numerous pharmacological properties. "	( Baicalin reversal of DNA hypermethylation-associated Klotho suppression ameliorates renal injury in type 1 diabetic mouse model. Lee, KKH; Li, RT; Liang, J; Pu, Y; Wang, G; Wang, L; Yang, X; Ye, LF; Zhang, XT, 2020)	3.44
"Baicalin is a flavone glycoside with anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative activities."	( Baicalin ameliorates atherosclerosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Lv, S; Su, Q; Wang, Z; Yuan, Z; Zhao, J, )	2.3
"Baicalin is a major flavonoid compound with multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects."	( Baicalin promotes hippocampal neurogenesis via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced mouse model of depression. Cao, Z; Du, Y; Jia, Z; Lu, Y; Pei, L; Sun, G; Xiao, Z; Yang, J, 2021)	2.79
"Baicalin is a traditional Chinese herb purified from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. "	( Use Chou's 5-steps rule to study how Baicalin suppresses the malignant phenotypes and induces the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Gong, Y; Guo, X; Han, K; Liu, Q; Liu, R; Luo, L; Song, J; Zhang, W, 2021)	2.34
"Baicalin is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of NS, and the identified genes represent potential therapeutic targets."	( Baicalin attenuates adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome by regulating fibrosis procession and inflammatory reaction. He, SD; Huang, SG; Li, DY; Sun, CX; Tan, N; Zhu, HJ, 2021)	2.79
"Baicalin is an extract from the traditional Chinese herb "	( Analysis and Construction of a Competitive Endogenous RNA Regulatory Network of Baicalin-Induced Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Chen, R; Chen, X; Gao, M; Hong, W; Lan, H; Liang, C; Lin, B; Luo, G; Qian, D; Wang, H; Wu, Q; Xiong, X; Yi, E; Zhang, J, 2021)	2.29
"Baicalin is a major bioactive component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a plant which has been found to exhibit antitumor activity."	( Proteomic Analysis and Functional Studies of Baicalin on Proteins Associated with Skin Cancer. Burns, EM; Li, D; Lin, B; Luo, D; Min, W; Yu, X; Yusuf, N, 2017)	1.44
"Baicalin is a natural bioactive flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with neuroprotective activity."	( Baicalin attenuates in vivo and in vitro hyperglycemia-exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating mitochondrial function in a manner dependent on AMPK. Deng, X; Fu, Q; Li, S; Liu, B; Ma, S; Ma, Z; Qu, R; Sun, R; Sun, X; Xu, L, 2017)	2.62
"Baicalin is a major flavonoid compound purified from Scutellariae radix, which has been described as an herb in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. "	( High doses of baicalin induces kidney injury and fibrosis through regulating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Cai, Y; Li, X; Liu, F; Ma, W; Qiu, J; Wu, B; Xiao, Y; Zhang, G, 2017)	2.26
"Baicalin (BA) is an active flavonoid compound originating from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi that has been reported to exert anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant effects in liver diseases with a long history. "	( Baicalin protects AML-12 cells from lipotoxicity via the suppression of ER stress and TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Deng, X; Xu, K; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y, 2017)	3.34
"Baicalin is a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. "	( Baicalin alleviates IL-1β-induced inflammatory injury via down-regulating miR-126 in chondrocytes. Gao, Z; Yang, X; Yu, C; Zhang, L; Zhang, Q, 2018)	3.37
"Baicalin is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine commonly used for hair loss, the precise molecular mechanism of which is unknown. "	( Baicalin increases hair follicle development by increasing canonical Wnt/β‑catenin signaling and activating dermal papillar cells in mice. Lei, TC; Miao, F; Su, MY; Xing, F; Yi, WJ, 2018)	3.37
"Baicalin is a multi-purpose flavonoid used in the treatment of different ocular diseases. "	( In vitro stabilization and in vivo improvement of ocular pharmacokinetics of the multi-therapeutic agent baicalin: Delineating the most suitable vesicular systems. Ashraf, O; Nasr, M; Nebsen, M; Said, AMA; Sammour, O, 2018)	2.14
"Baicalin is a flavone glycoside."	( Baicalin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced hepatic stellate cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and activation via the miR-3595/ACSL4 axis. Deng, Q; Lun, W; Wu, X; Zhang, W; Zhi, F, 2018)	2.64
"Baicalin is a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis root and has antibacterial, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anti- metamorphotic, and antispasmodic effects."	( Effects of Baicalin on Diabetic Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy Mediated by the P2Y12 Receptor in Rat Stellate Ganglia. Che, H; Guo, J; Jiang, H; Li, G; Liang, S; Sheng, X; Wang, J; Xu, Y; Xu, Z; Zhang, Y; Zheng, C; Zhu, G, 2018)	1.59
"Baicalin is a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis georgi (Huang-qin) and exerts anti-inflammation effects in various diseases."	( Baicalin alleviates atherosclerosis by relieving oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via inactivating the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Bai, X; Du, Y; Fan, L; Wang, F; Wang, T; Wu, Y; Zhang, W, 2018)	2.64
"Baicalin is a bioactive flavone extracted from the dry raw root of Scutellaria baicalensis, with pharmaceutical actions of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidants, anti-tumor, antivirus, and so on."	( Protective role of flavonoid baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis in periodontal disease pathogenesis: A literature review. Guangxun, Z; Ming, J; Zhuoneng, L, 2018)	1.49
"Baicalin (BG) is a natural glycoside with several promising therapeutic and preventive applications. "	( Thermogelling Platform for Baicalin Delivery for Versatile Biomedical Applications. Ahmed, IS; Haider, M; Hassan, MA; Shamma, R, 2018)	2.22
"Baicalin is a natural flavonoid with beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism."	( Baicalin regulates SirT1/STAT3 pathway and restrains excessive hepatic glucose production. Li, Y; Liu, B; Liu, L; Liu, Q; Lou, M; Qin, M; Xia, W; Xie, G; Xu, J; Yang, J, 2018)	2.64
"Baicalin is a flavonoid compound extracted from a medicinal herb, Huang Qin, it possesses antioxidant properties and has an analgesic effect on nitroglycerin-induced migraine in rats and neuropathic pain in spinal nerve ligation rats."	( Effects of baicalin on diabetic neuropathic pain involving transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in the dorsal root ganglia of rats. Li, P; Sun, WP; Xiong, DL; Xu, SY, 2018)	1.59
"Baicalin is a flavonoid compound isolated from the dry roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and exerts anti‑proliferative effects in various types of cells."	( Baicalin inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by regulating the MEG3/p53 pathway following treatment with ox‑LDL. Jia, L; Liu, Y; Min, D; Sun, Z; Xu, Y; Zhu, J, 2019)	2.68
"Baicalin is a flavonoid compound that exerts specific pharmacological effect in attenuating the proliferation, migration, and apoptotic resistance of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). "	( Baicalin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and migration of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by up-regulating A2a receptor via the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Cai, X; Huang, X; Li, Y; Mao, W; Wang, L; Wang, M; Wang, X; Yao, D; Zhang, L; Zhang, T, 2018)	3.37
"Baicalin (BAI) is a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, whose pharmacological characterizes have been widely reported in various diseases."	( Baicalin protects human retinal pigment epithelial cell lines against high glucose-induced cell injury by up-regulation of microRNA-145. Chu, C; Dai, C; Jiang, S; Song, X; Xin, M; Zhao, B, 2019)	2.68
"Baicalin is a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis that has been shown to be effective against ischemic stroke; however, its mechanism has not been fully elucidated."	( Systematic Understanding of the Mechanism of Baicalin against Ischemic Stroke through a Network Pharmacology Approach. Cheng, F; Deng, N; Du, W; Fan, S; Li, Z; Lian, Y; Liu, S; Ma, C; Ren, B; Tan, L; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Xu, T; Zhang, S, 2018)	1.46
"Baicalin is a natural compound isolated from Chinese herb, which has been reported as an anti-inflammatory drug. "	( Baicalin ameliorates lupus autoimmunity by inhibiting differentiation of Tfh cells and inducing expansion of Tfr cells. Li, M; Yang, J; Yang, X, 2019)	3.4
"Baicalin is a flavonoid compound, which has anti-atherosclerotic effect."	( Baicalin Suppresses the Proliferation and Migration of Ox-LDL-VSMCs in Atherosclerosis through Upregulating miR-126-5p. Chen, L; Chen, Z; Ma, G; Pan, X; Sheng, Z; Yan, G, 2019)	2.68
"Baicalin is a multi-purpose flavonoid known for its anticancer properties, but its application is hindered by its low water solubility and bioavailability. "	( Polymeric nanocapsular baicalin: Chemometric optimization, physicochemical characterization and mechanistic anticancer approaches on breast cancer cell lines. Gaber, SAA; I El-Gogary, R; Nasr, M, 2019)	2.27
"Baicalin is a plant-derived flavonoid that has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. "	( Baicalin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in cerebral cortex of mice via inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Kang, JB; Kim, MO; Koh, PO; Park, DJ; Shah, MA, 2019)	3.4
"Baicalin is a bioactive ingredient from the herb and has possessed various pharmacological actions. "	( Baicalin attenuates acute myocardial infarction of rats via mediating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Fan, Y; Gu, J; Jiang, M; Liu, X; Shi, H, 2013)	3.28
"Baicalin is a substrate for P-gp."	( [Study on in situ intestinal absorption of baicalin contained in Tiangou Jiangya capsules]. Li, J; Li, LJ; Lou, HW, 2013)	1.37
"Baicalin is a flavonoid compound purified from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis, which possesses multiple biological activities. "	( Baicalin attenuates brain edema in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Jia, Q; Jin, YL; Li, LY; Liu, P; Liu, YT; Zhang, Y; Zhou, QB, 2014)	3.29
"Baicalin is a flavonoid derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis and exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities including anti-adipogenesis. "	( Inhibitory effects of baicalin in the early stage of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation by down-regulation of PDK1/Akt phosphorylation. Kwak, DH; Lee, JH; Ma, JY; Song, KH, 2014)	2.16
"Baicalin is a major bioactive component of Scutellaria baicalensis and a substrate of multiple drug resistance-associated protein 2. "	( Ursodeoxycholic acid pretreatment reduces oral bioavailability of the multiple drug resistance-associated protein 2 substrate baicalin in rats. Du, G; Li, XP; Liu, D; Wu, T; Xu, YJ, 2013)	2.04
"Baicalin is a flavonoid compound purified from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities. "	( Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and profibrinolytic activities of baicalin. Bae, JS; Ku, SK; Lee, W, 2015)	2.1
"Baicalin (BA) is a major constituent of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a medicinal herb. "	( Preparation, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of baicalin-loaded liposomes. Guo, J; Wei, Y; Wu, J; Ye, Y; Yu, Y; Zhang, L; Zhao, L; Zheng, X; Zhou, Y, 2014)	2.09
"Baicalin is a flavonoid derived from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis. "	( The effect of baicalin in a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity. Jo, H; Jung, SH; Kang, KD; Lee, SJ; Yim, HB, 2015)	2.22
"Baicalin is a natural compound derived from Scutellaria baicalensis that possesses anti-inflammatory properties in many diseases; therefore, the aim of this study was to verify whether baicalin could ameliorate cachexia in a CT26 adenocarcinoma-induced model."	( Baicalin, a component of Scutellaria baicalensis, alleviates anorexia and inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy in experimental cancer cachexia. Chen, P; Gan, R; Guo, C; Han, Y; Li, B; Li, Y; Wan, L; Yang, Q; Yu, Q, 2014)	2.57
"Baicalin, which is a flavonoid compound isolated from Scutellariae radix, has significant antipyretic effects. "	( The effects of baicalin on the TLR2/4 signaling pathway in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a lipopolysaccharide-induced rat fever model. Feng, T; Li, H; Tao, Y; Wang, Y; Ye, L, 2015)	2.21
"Baicalin (BAI) is an attractive candidate for this purpose."	( Lipidomics revealed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-induced hepatic lipid disorders corrected with treatment of baicalin in a murine model. Fan, Y; Han, X; Hu, C; Li, H; Wang, C; Wang, Y; Wen, C; Zhang, J; Zhang, S, 2015)	1.35
"Baicalin is a flavonoid compound extracted from Scutellaria roots that has been reported to possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. "	( The Antiviral Effect of Baicalin on Enterovirus 71 In Vitro. Cheng, J; Jin, Y; Li, X; Liu, Y; Qian, W; Shi, W; Wan, C; Wu, T; Xing, F, 2015)	2.17
"Baicalin is an important active component of the medicinal herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and has shown a variety of pharmacological actions. "	( Baicalin alleviates diabetes‑associated cognitive deficits via modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, brain‑derived neurotrophic factor and apoptosis. Cao, YG; Li, XL; Liu, ZQ; Ma, P; Ma, Y; Mao, XY; Qiao, YD; Zhou, HH, 2015)	3.3
"Baicalin is a major constituent of Scutellaria baicalensis, which is a commonly used herbal medicine in many Asian countries. "	( Colon cancer chemopreventive effects of baicalein, an active enteric microbiome metabolite from baicalin. Anderson, S; Chen, L; Lu, F; Wang, CZ; Yuan, CS; Zhang, CF, 2015)	2.08
"Baicalin is a flavonoid purified from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. "	( Baicalin may have a therapeutic effect in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Han, X; Sun, J; Wang, J; Zhou, R, 2015)	3.3
"Baicalin (Ba) is a bioactive flavonoid compound derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis, an herb widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases."	( Therapeutic effect of baicalin on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is mediated by SOCS3 regulatory pathway. Ciric, B; Gran, B; Li, X; Ma, CG; Rostami, A; Zhang, GX; Zhang, Y, 2015)	1.45
"Baicalin (BA) is a flavonoid compound purified from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and has been shown to possess a potent inhibitory activity against viruses. "	( Role of Baicalin in Anti-Influenza Virus A as a Potent Inducer of IFN-Gamma. Chu, M; Chu, ZY; Wang, YD; Xu, L; Zhang, MB, 2015)	2.29
"Baicalin is a natural flavonoid that can reduce skeletal muscle atrophy in animal models of cancer cachexia by inhibiting NF-κB."	( Baicalin supplementation reduces serum biomarkers of skeletal muscle wasting and may protect against lean body mass reduction in cancer patients: Results from a pilot open-label study. Bertona, M; Emanuele, E; Fiuza-Luces, C; Lucia, A; Morales, JS; Pareja-Galeano, H; Sanchis-Gomar, F, 2016)	2.6
"Baicalin is a flavone glycoside found in genus Scutellaria."	( Baicalin attenuates DDP (cisplatin) resistance in lung cancer by downregulating MARK2 and p-Akt. Mei, J; Tan, Y; Xu, Z, 2017)	2.62
"Baicalin is a kind of flavonoid in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and has been reported to protect against several diseases, but its roles in septic AKI remain unclear."	( Baicalin Inhibits Renal Cell Apoptosis and Protects Against Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Sepsis. Fu, Y; Lin, H; Zhu, Y, 2016)	2.6
"Baicalin is a bioactive flavonoid that can bind to enzymes, often to potentiate their effect."	( Baicalin promotes the bacteriostatic activity of lysozyme on S. aureus in mammary glands and neutrophilic granulocytes in mice. Gao, X; Guo, M; Shen, P; Yang, Z; Zhang, N; Zhang, Z, 2017)	2.62
"Baicalin is a major plant polyphenolic compound derived from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, a Traditional Chinese Medicine material. "	( Baicalin administration is effective in positive regulation of twenty-four ischemia/reperfusion-related proteins identified by a proteomic study. Li, P; Liu, F; Wang, Y; Wu, R; Zhang, P; Zhang, W; Zhang, Z, 2009)	3.24
"Baicalin is an extract from roots of the plant scutellaria baicalensis."	( Baicalin attenuates inflammation by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation in cigarette smoke induced inflammatory models. Baojun, L; Jianhua, H; Jingcheng, D; Lixuan, Z; Wenqin, Y; Xiaotao, F, 2010)	2.52
"Baicalin is a flavonoid compound purified from plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. "	( Baicalin attenuates focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury through inhibition of nuclear factor κB p65 activation. Bu, W; Cheng, F; Jiang, EN; Liu, ZP; Qu, XJ; Sheng, XH; Wang, JH; Xue, X; Yang, Y, 2010)	3.25
"Baicalin is an active compound originating from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which has been used for anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria, anti-hypertension, anti-allergy and sedation since ancient China, though the neuronal mechanisms involved in the sedative effect is still unclear. "	( Biphasic effects of baicalin, an active constituent of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, in the spontaneous sleep-wake regulation. Chang, FC; Chang, HH; Cheng, CH; Hsiao, YT; Li, CL; Lu, CY; Tsai, YF; Yi, PL, 2011)	2.14
"Baicalin is an important medicinal herb purified from the dry roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. "	( Baicalin attenuates global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in gerbils via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic pathways. Cai, J; Cao, Y; Gao, J; Mao, X; Min, D; Sun, C; Sun, H; Wang, X; Xie, N; Zheng, P, 2011)	3.25
"Baicalin is an active component extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, which is widely used in herbal preparations for treatment of hepatic diseases and inflammatory disorders."	( Effect of baicalin on toll-like receptor 4-mediated ischemia/reperfusion inflammatory responses in alcoholic fatty liver condition. Kim, SJ; Lee, SM, 2012)	1.5
"Baicalin is a flavonoid known to modify various redox-related biological activities. "	( Modulation of FoxO1 phosphorylation/acetylation by baicalin during aging. Choi, JS; Choi, YJ; Chung, HY; Kim, CH; Kim, DH; Kim, JM; Kim, ND; Lee, EK; Yu, BP, 2012)	2.07
"Baicalin is a promising phytomedicine for preventing alcoholic liver disease."	( Ferric citrate CYP2E1-independently promotes alcohol-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells via oxidative/nitrative stress which is attenuated by pretreatment with baicalin. Feng, Y; Gao, Z; Li, H; Xu, Y, 2012)	1.3
"Baicalin is a flavonoid from Scutellaria radix, an herb commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating inflammatory diseases."	( Baicalin downregulates Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-upregulated IL-6 and IL-8 expression in human oral keratinocytes by negative regulation of TLR signaling. Jin, L; Luo, W; Wang, CY, 2012)	2.54
"Baicalin is an anti-HIV drug purified from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi. "	( Electrochemical investigations of baicalin and DNA-baicalin interactions. Fan, C; Li, G; Ma, Z; Sun, Z; Wang, X; Zhang, W, 2004)	2.05
"Baicalin (BA) is a flavonoid compound purified from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi that is used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. "	( Protective effect of baicalin on tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced rat hepatotoxicity. Chou, FP; Chu, CY; Hsieh, YS; Hsu, JD; Hwang, JM; Tseng, TH; Wang, CJ, 2005)	2.09
"Baicalin is a flavonoid derivative from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with various pharmacological effects. "	( Protective effects of baicalin on oxygen/glucose deprivation- and NMDA-induced injuries in rat hippocampal slices. Chen, FX; Chen, Z; Liu, LY; Wang, ML; Wei, EQ; Zhang, WP; Zhao, YM, 2005)	2.09
"Baicalin is a flavonoid purified from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. "	( Influence of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand in cultured human periodontal ligament cells. Chen, FM; Wan, L; Wang, GF; Wang, QT; Wu, ZF, 2006)	2.15
"Baicalin is a flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis and is known to affect multiple biological functions, including the inhibition of aldose reductase, HIV infection, and nitric oxide producing activity. "	( Short-term feeding of baicalin inhibits age-associated NF-kappaB activation. Cho, KH; Choi, JS; Chung, HY; Kim, DH; Kim, HK; Kim, JY; Kim, YS; Park, S; Yu, BP; Zou, Y, 2006)	2.09
"Baicalin is a flavonoid compound purified from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity through its ability to complex with chemokines and thus reduces the capacity of chemokines to bind and activate their receptors. "	( Inhibitory effect of flavonoid baicalin on degranulation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced by interleukin-8: potential role in periodontal diseases. Cao, Z; Li, C; Zhu, G, 2007)	2.07
"Baicalin is an active component of Scutellariae radix extracts. "	( Determination of dopamine and its relativity of baicalin in rat nuclei after intravenous administration of flavonoids from Scutellariae radix. Chen, L; Du, L; Lin, H; Wang, X; Zhang, L, 2007)	2.04
"Baicalin (BA) is a bioactive anti-inflammatory flavone found abundantly in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi."	( Baicalin reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Ding, X; Ji, X; Song, C; Yi, L; Zeng, Y; Zhu, K, 2007)	2.5
"Baicalin is a flavonoid compound purified from the medicinal plant, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, and has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. "	( Protective effects of baicalin on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Cai, X; Cao, Z; Du, G; Li, C, 2008)	2.1
"Baicalin is a flavonoid present in many traditional Chinese medicines. "	( Therapeutic effects of baicalin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats. Chang, H; Chen, CS; Chu, SJ; Hsu, CW; Huang, KL; Li, MH; Tsai, SH, 2008)	2.1
"Baicalin (BA) is a flavonoid compound purified from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities. "	( The flavonoid baicalin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by binding to chemokines. Dunlop, N; Fu, T; Gong, WH; Kang, J; Kung, H; Li, BQ; Wang, JM; Yan, Y, 2000)	2.11
"Baicalin (BA) is a flavonoid compound purified from medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV-1 activities. "	( Flavonoid baicalin inhibits HIV-1 infection at the level of viral entry. Dongyan, Y; Fu, T; Li, BQ; Mikovits, JA; Ruscetti, FW; Wang, JM, 2000)	2.15
"Baicalin is a flavonoid and a major component of a herbal medicine, Sho-saiko-to, which is commonly used for treatment of chronic hepatitis in Japan and China. "	( Baicalin induces apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway as prooxidant. Masutani, H; Nakamura, H; Sasada, T; Takabayashi, A; Ueda, S; Yamaoka, Y; Yodoi, J, 2002)	3.2

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Baicalin (BA) has a good intervention effect on encephalopathy. "	( Macrophage membrane modified baicalin liposomes improve brain targeting for alleviating cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Ci, Z; Cui, M; Guan, Y; Li, N; Liu, S; Long, Y; Shen, L; Wan, J; Xiang, Y; Zhang, Y, 2022)	2.46
"Baicalin has a strong anti-inflammatory effect by regulating TLR4-NFκB-MAPK signalling pathway; it also can reduce oxidative stress by regulating Nrf2-Keap1 pathway; it can inhabit many kinds of virus such as influenza virus, respiratory virus, hepacivirus and others; it can also inhibit the growth of tumour cells by blocking the cell cycle or inducing apoptosis; and new dosage forms such as cationic solid lipid nanoparticles, cyclodextrin inclusion complexes or nanocrystalline can be applied to improve the deficiency of baicalin."	( Research progress on pharmacological effects and new dosage forms of baicalin. Bao, M; Ju, X; Liang, M; Liu, X; Ma, Y; Sun, X; Yong, Y, 2022)	1.68
"Baicalin has a protective effect on OA chondrocytes, the aim of this study was to explore whether the effect of Baicalin on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury is related to the regulation of mitophagy."	( Baicalin mitigated IL-1β-Induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes damage through activating mitophagy. He, J, 2023)	3.07
"Baicalin has a significant analgesic effect on alleviating neuropathic pain and thus may serve as a therapeutic approach for neuropathic pain."	( Baicalin prevents the up-regulation of TRPV1 in dorsal root ganglion and attenuates chronic neuropathic pain. Han, J; Ling, D; Wang, Z; Wu, C; Zhao, Y, 2020)	2.72
"Baicalin (BA) has a good neuroprotective effect, but it is eliminated quickly in the body and does not easily reach the brain. "	( Preparation, Characterization and in vivo Study of Borneol-Baicalin-Liposomes for Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Ci, Z; Cui, M; Li, N; Liu, S; Long, Y; Ni, L; Tang, D; Wan, J; Xiang, Y; Yang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2020)	2.24
"Baicalin (BA) has an antidepressant effect in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) animal model and exerts anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, as well as neuroprotective effects in many central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases."	( Baicalin exerts neuroprotective effects via inhibiting activation of GSK3β/NF-κB/NLRP3 signal pathway in a rat model of depression. Deng, XY; Fu, Q; Li, YQ; Ma, SP; Ma, ZQ; Qu, R; Shang, ZY; Zeng, MJ; Zhang, CY; Zhao, F; Zhou, LP, 2018)	2.64
"Baicalin, a flavonoid, has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including immunomodulation. "	( Baicalin attenuates TNBS-induced colitis in rats by modulating the Th17/Treg paradigm. Chi, HG; Dai, SX; Feng, JS; He, ZW; Huang, GL; Li, T; Li, WY; Wan, Z; Wang, J; Ye, CG; Zhao, B; Zheng, XB; Zou, Y, 2015)	3.3
"Baicalin has a significant neuroprotective effect in stroke. "	( Baicalin alleviates ischemia-induced memory impairment by inhibiting the phosphorylation of CaMKII in hippocampus. Bai, B; Cao, Y; Guo, W; Liu, R; Qi, H; Qu, L; Wang, P; Yu, J; Zhang, Q; Zhu, H, 2016)	3.32
"Baicalin has a protective role on the thymus of SAP rats, and its effect of decreasing inflammatory mediators level in blood, inhibiting P-selectin expression and inducing apoptosis of thymocytes may involve in the mechanism of its protective role."	( Baicalin protects thymus of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Guanghua, F; Jing, Y; Jinxian, H; Lini, F; Meijuan, Y; Qijun, Y; Qing, W; Rujun, X; Wei, Z; Weihong, W; Xiping, Z, 2010)	2.52
"Baicalin has a neuroprotective effect in a variety of brain injury animal models, although the mechanism remains unclear."	( Baicalin improved the spatial learning ability of global ischemia/reperfusion rats by reducing hippocampal apoptosis. Cheng, K; Cheng, O; Han, Y; Jiang, Q; Li, Z; Yan, Y, 2012)	2.54
"Baicalin has a significant anti-inflammation effect and is widely used in the clinical treatment of stroke. "	( Role of baicalin in regulating Toll-like receptor 2/4 after ischemic neuronal injury. Chai, YS; DU, LJ; Hu, J; Lei, F; Li, HY; Wan, HJ; Wang, YG; Xing, DM; Yuan, ZY, 2012)	2.26
"Baicalin has a protective effect against the pertussis bacilli-induced brain edema in rats, and protective effect was correlated to the increased content of GABA in the brain tissue in rats."	( [Changes of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid contents in brain tissue of brain edema and effects of baicalin on them in rats]. Yang, Y; Yin, F; Yu, P, 2000)	1.96
"Baicalin has distinct therapeutic effects in various skin diseases animal models such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. "	( Baicalin ameliorates 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice through modulating skin barrier function, gut microbiota and JAK/STAT pathway. Chan, WY; Ip, SP; Lin, ZX; Loo, SKF; Wang, L; Wu, JCY; Xian, YF; Yang, W, 2022)	3.61
"Baicalin (BAN) has attracted widespread attention due to its low-toxicity and efficient antitumor activity, but its poor water solubility and low bioavailability severely limit its clinical application. "	( Folic Acid Decorated Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF-8) Loaded with Baicalin as a Nano-Drug Delivery System for Breast Cancer Therapy. Chang, X; Chen, X; Dong, M; Hu, M; Lu, J; Mi, X; Yang, Z; Zhan, X, 2021)	2.3
"Baicalin has been shown to exert protective effects in various liver diseases."	( Baicalin Attenuates Oxidative Stress in a Tissue-Engineered Liver Model of NAFLD by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species. Chen, Y; Duan, Z; Gao, W; Liu, S; Xu, B; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y, 2022)	2.89
"Baicalin (BA) has a good intervention effect on encephalopathy. "	( Macrophage membrane modified baicalin liposomes improve brain targeting for alleviating cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Ci, Z; Cui, M; Guan, Y; Li, N; Liu, S; Long, Y; Shen, L; Wan, J; Xiang, Y; Zhang, Y, 2022)	2.46
"Baicalin (BAI) has been shown to be protective for various animal models of cardiovascular diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis and myocardial hypertrophy."	( Baicalin promotes the activation of brown and white adipose tissue through AMPK/PGC1α pathway. Gao, L; Wu, L; Yao, R; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2022)	2.89
"Baicalin has a strong anti-inflammatory effect by regulating TLR4-NFκB-MAPK signalling pathway; it also can reduce oxidative stress by regulating Nrf2-Keap1 pathway; it can inhabit many kinds of virus such as influenza virus, respiratory virus, hepacivirus and others; it can also inhibit the growth of tumour cells by blocking the cell cycle or inducing apoptosis; and new dosage forms such as cationic solid lipid nanoparticles, cyclodextrin inclusion complexes or nanocrystalline can be applied to improve the deficiency of baicalin."	( Research progress on pharmacological effects and new dosage forms of baicalin. Bao, M; Ju, X; Liang, M; Liu, X; Ma, Y; Sun, X; Yong, Y, 2022)	1.68
"Baicalin has a protective effect on OA chondrocytes, the aim of this study was to explore whether the effect of Baicalin on IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury is related to the regulation of mitophagy."	( Baicalin mitigated IL-1β-Induced osteoarthritis chondrocytes damage through activating mitophagy. He, J, 2023)	3.07
"Baicalin has great anti-inflammatory, proliferation-inhibited, and respiratory disease-relieving properties."	( Baicalin Inhibits Airway Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation through the RAS Signaling Pathway in Murine Asthmatic Airway Remodeling Model. Cao, Y; Duan, X; Hu, L; Li, L; Sun, J; Yan, C, 2023)	3.07
"Baicalin has been reported to specifically inhibit the progression of LI to IPF."	( Protective role of baicalin in the dynamic progression of lung injury to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A meta-analysis. Feng, W; Guo, X; Hu, S; Jiang, J; Kao, TC; Li, Y; Ma, X; Zeng, J, 2023)	1.96
"Baicalin has various neuroprotective effects in models of nervous system disease. "	( Widely targeted metabolomics unveils baicalin-induced hippocampal metabolic alternations in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress. Li, X; Liu, A; Liu, Q; Liu, Y; Ma, J; Yang, Z, 2024)	3.16
"Baicalin has many functions, including antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and antihypertensive activities."	( Baicalin Is Curative Against Rotavirus Damp Heat Diarrhea by Tuning Colonic Mucosal Barrier and Lung Immune Function. Chen, JJ; Chen, L; Chen, YY; Huang, QW; Ling, QH; Shen, J; Ye, QY; Zhang, BM; Zhao, J; Zhong, ZY, 2020)	2.72
"Baicalin has been used in China to treat inflammation-related diseases, such as inflammation-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). "	( Baicalin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury by inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 signalling pathway via increasing miR-223-3p expression. Liu, MW; Lu, YX; Sun, Y; Tong, CW; Wang, YA; Zhao, YH, )	3.02
"Baicalin (BAI) has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities, which play a role in attenuating insulin resistance and protecting the kidney."	( Kidney-targeted baicalin-lysozyme conjugate ameliorates renal fibrosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin. Chen, G; Du, JW; Fan, XY; Feng, J; Jin, YL; Nie, Q; Zheng, XP, 2020)	1.63
"Baicalin has neuroprotective effects but the mechanisms related to glial cells are not revealed."	( Baicalin combats glutamate excitotoxicity via protecting glutamine synthetase from ROS-induced 20S proteasomal degradation. Gong, Z; Kou, J; Liu, B; Liu, K; Song, X, 2020)	2.72
"Baicalin has important pharmacological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects."	( The effect of baicalin on microRNA expression profiles in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells infected by Haemophilus parasuis. Fu, S; Guo, L; Hou, Y; Hu, CA; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Qiu, Y; Wu, Z; Xu, J; Ye, C; Zhang, Y; Zuo, S, 2020)	1.64
"Baicalin (BA) has anti-inflammatory properties and improves survival in sepsis."	( Baicalin suppresses Th1 and Th17 responses and promotes Treg response to ameliorate sepsis-associated pancreatic injury via the RhoA-ROCK pathway. Liu, P; Long, C; Lu, X; Luo, L; Xiao, Z; Yan, H; Zhang, X; Zhu, Y, 2020)	2.72
"Baicalin has neuroprotective effects and improves the pathological and behavioural outcomes of various types of nerve injury."	( Baicalin prevents the up-regulation of TRPV1 in dorsal root ganglion and attenuates chronic neuropathic pain. Han, J; Ling, D; Wang, Z; Wu, C; Zhao, Y, 2020)	2.72
"Baicalin has a significant analgesic effect on alleviating neuropathic pain and thus may serve as a therapeutic approach for neuropathic pain."	( Baicalin prevents the up-regulation of TRPV1 in dorsal root ganglion and attenuates chronic neuropathic pain. Han, J; Ling, D; Wang, Z; Wu, C; Zhao, Y, 2020)	2.72
"Baicalin has already been reported to alleviate acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury in our previous study."	( Baicalin promotes liver regeneration after acetaminophen-induced liver injury by inducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Bai, Q; Hu, F; Huang, Z; Ji, L; Lu, B; Shi, L; Wei, M; Zhang, S; Zhang, T, 2020)	2.72
"Baicalin has many biological properties such as anti-oxidation and anti-allergy. "	( Baicalin regulates Treg/Th17 cell imbalance by inhibiting autophagy in allergic rhinitis. Li, J; Li, Y; Lin, X; Liu, X; Ma, Z, 2020)	3.44
"Baicalin (BA) has a good neuroprotective effect, but it is eliminated quickly in the body and does not easily reach the brain. "	( Preparation, Characterization and in vivo Study of Borneol-Baicalin-Liposomes for Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Ci, Z; Cui, M; Li, N; Liu, S; Long, Y; Ni, L; Tang, D; Wan, J; Xiang, Y; Yang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2020)	2.24
"Baicalin has been reported to protect mice against Salmonella typhimurium (S. "	( Baicalin inhibits Salmonella typhimurium-induced inflammation and mediates autophagy through TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway. Geng, Y; Su, Y; Sun, Y; Wang, J; Wang, Q; Xu, W; Zhang, L, 2021)	3.51
"Baicalin has been widely investigated against different types of malignancies both at the cellular and molecular levels over the past few years. "	( Baicalin mediated regulation of key signaling pathways in cancer. Luqman, S; Meena, A; Singh, S, 2021)	3.51
"Baicalin which has multiple biological activities is the main active component of the root of "	( Adsorption and Purification of Baicalin from Fan, Y; Wu, D; Zhang, S, 2021)	2.35
"Baicalin has been reported to have ameliorative effects on nerve-induced hypoxic ischemia injury; however, its role in the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent inflammatory response during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion remains unclear. "	( Baicalin Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Via the AMPK Signaling Pathway to Alleviate Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cao, XL; He, WQ; Jia, JX; Wu, FJ; Zhang, QR; Zhao, S; Zheng, WX, 2021)	3.51
"Baicalin has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, blood platelet aggregation-inhibiting, free oxygen radical-clearing, and endotoxin-decreasing properties. "	( Baicalin attenuates adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome by regulating fibrosis procession and inflammatory reaction. He, SD; Huang, SG; Li, DY; Sun, CX; Tan, N; Zhu, HJ, 2021)	3.51
"Baicalin (BAI) has been reported to exert antitumor effects. "	( Role of generation on folic acid-modified poly(amidoamine) dendrimers for targeted delivery of baicalin to cancer cells. Chen, H; Fang, Y; Gao, Y; Jiang, M; Li, Z; Lv, T; Yu, T; Zhang, H; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, 2017)	2.12
"Baicalin has multiple bioactivities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and is a potent free radical scavenger."	( The Effects of Baicalin on Myoglobinuric Acute Renal Failure in Rats. Aydoğdu, N; Süt, N; Taştekin, E; Yalçınkaya Yavuz, Ö, 2018)	1.56
"Baicalin (BC) has hepatoprotective effect, while whether BC could prevent the development of NASH is unknown."	( Baicalin attenuates diet induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress via suppressing JNK signaling pathways. Liu, H; Zhong, X, 2018)	2.64
"Baicalin (BA) has potent antiviral effect, but the solubility is very poor."	( Antiviral effect of baicalin phospholipid complex against duck hepatitis A virus type 1. Chen, Y; Liu, J; Ming, K; Wang, F; Yang, X; Yang, Y; Yao, F; Yuan, W; Zeng, L, 2018)	1.53
"Baicalin have been shown to possess multiple pharmacological activities in periodontal tissues. "	( Protective role of flavonoid baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis in periodontal disease pathogenesis: A literature review. Guangxun, Z; Ming, J; Zhuoneng, L, 2018)	2.21
"Baicalin has protective effects on improving SCI and lower extremity motor function, has a significant anti-inflammatory effect, and regulates the serum metabolic disorder caused by SCI in rats."	( Baicalin effects on rats with spinal cord injury by anti-inflammatory and regulating the serum metabolic disorder. Kang, S; Li, H; Liu, S; Qi, X; Wang, D, 2018)	2.64
"Baicalin has been reported as a potential agent to synergistically inhibit the replication of Staphylococcus."	( In vitro synergistic effect of baicalin with azithromycin against Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from francolins with ophthalmia. Bai, J; Du, H; Hu, Y; Liu, J; Qiao, M; Wang, D; Wang, J; Wu, Y; Yuan, W; Zhou, Y, 2019)	1.52
"Baicalin has protective effects on myocardial infarction in rats. "	( Protective Effects of Baicalin on Experimental Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Li, H; Li, Y; Lin, S; Pu, Z; Tang, Z; Wang, L, )	1.89
"Baicalin (BA) has an antidepressant effect in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) animal model and exerts anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, as well as neuroprotective effects in many central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases."	( Baicalin exerts neuroprotective effects via inhibiting activation of GSK3β/NF-κB/NLRP3 signal pathway in a rat model of depression. Deng, XY; Fu, Q; Li, YQ; Ma, SP; Ma, ZQ; Qu, R; Shang, ZY; Zeng, MJ; Zhang, CY; Zhao, F; Zhou, LP, 2018)	2.64
"Baicalin has various pharmacological activities, including antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant, and has wide clinical applications."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability Enhancement of Baicalin: A Review. Huang, T; Liu, Y; Zhang, C, 2019)	1.49
"Baicalin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles in various disorders."	( Enteral Baicalin, a Flavone Glycoside, Reduces Indicators of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Rats. Jiang, K; Shi, J; Wu, G; Zou, X, 2019)	1.67
"Baicalin has been shown to possess many pharmacological effects, including antiviral, antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. "	( Concentration-dependent inhibitory effects of baicalin on the metabolism of dextromethorphan, a dual probe of CYP2D and CYP3A, in rats. Cheng, ZY; He, J; Jia, LJ; Qiao, HL; Tian, X, 2013)	2.09
"Baicalin has significant inhibitory effect on glioma in vivo, and its mechanism may be related to cell apoptosis induced by down-regulated expression of mutant p53, but not related with Bcl-2 expression."	( [Antitumor effect of baicalin on rat brain glioma]. Gong, HD; Hu, YZ; Luan, Y; Wang, DH, 2013)	2.15
"Baicalin has shown multiple neuroprotective biological activities, including antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory functions in neurodegeneration diseases. "	( Aβ-induced microglial cell activation is inhibited by baicalin through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Chen, H; Geng, M; Hu, Y; Pan, J; Tian, L; Wang, C; Xiong, J, 2014)	2.09
"Baicalin, a flavonoid, has been shown to have antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities, although the mechanism of action has been unknown. "	( Antiviral activity of baicalin against influenza virus H1N1-pdm09 is due to modulation of NS1-mediated cellular innate immune responses. Agrawal, AS; Bhowmick, R; Bose, S; Chakrabarti, S; Chawla-Sarkar, M; Naskar, S; Nayak, MK; Sarkar, S, 2014)	2.16
"Baicalin has been used as mainly bioactive constituent of about 100 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines in Chinese pharmacopoeia. "	( Inhibition of baicalin on metabolism of phenacetin, a probe of CYP1A2, in human liver microsomes and in rats. Fang, Y; Gao, N; Jia, LJ; Liu, FJ; Qi, B; Qiao, HL; Zhou, J, 2014)	2.21
"Baicalin, a flavonoid, has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including immunomodulation. "	( Baicalin attenuates TNBS-induced colitis in rats by modulating the Th17/Treg paradigm. Chi, HG; Dai, SX; Feng, JS; He, ZW; Huang, GL; Li, T; Li, WY; Wan, Z; Wang, J; Ye, CG; Zhao, B; Zheng, XB; Zou, Y, 2015)	3.3
"Baicalin has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties."	( Study of baicalin on sympathoexcitation induced by myocardial ischemia via P2X3 receptor in superior cervical ganglia. Huang, A; Li, G; Liang, S; Lin, W; Liu, S; Peng, L; Song, M; Wen, S; Wu, B; Xie, Q; Xie, W; Xu, B; Xu, X; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z, 2015)	1.56
"Baicalin has been demonstrated to possess tocolytic properties."	( Baicalin can attenuate the inhibitory effects of mifepristone on Wnt pathway during peri-implantation period in mice. Chen, JG; Chen, T; Chen, WZ; Ding, MX; Ding, Y; Han, L; Zhou, FY, 2015)	2.58
"Baicalin has been shown to possess various pharmacological actions, a recent study revealed that baicalin can attenuate pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling through the inhibition of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation, however, the potential mechanism remains unexplored. "	( Therapeutic effects of baicalin on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by inhibiting inflammatory response. Chao, S; Cheng, GH; Ju, ZY; Kong, F; Luan, Y; Qi, TG; Wang, J; Xue, X, 2015)	2.17
"Baicalin has the capacity to protect IEC-6 cells and the intercellular tight junctions from LPS-induced injury. "	( Protective effects of baicalin on LPS-induced injury in intestinal epithelial cells and intercellular tight junctions. Chen, J; Kuang, Z; Liu, Q; Song, H; Wang, J; Yu, P; Zeng, D; Zhang, R, 2015)	2.17
"Baicalin has been reported to prevent bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis."	( Effects of baicalin on collagen Ι and collagen ΙΙΙ expression in pulmonary arteries of rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Cai, X; Chen, A; Chen, M; Huang, X; Liu, P; Wang, L; Xu, X; Yan, S; Yao, D, 2015)	1.53
"Baicalin has many pharmacological activities, including neuroprotective function against ischemia and neurodegeneration. "	( Effect of Baicalin-loaded PEGylated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles modified by OX26 antibody on regulating the levels of baicalin and amino acids during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Gu, X; Guo, L; He, Q; Liu, X; Liu, Z; Okeke, CI; Tong, L; Yang, H; Zhang, L; Zhang, Q; Zhao, H, 2015)	2.26
"Baicalin has been shown to provide the neuroprotective effect by alleviating cerebral ischemia injury. "	( Baicalin inhibiting cerebral ischemia/hypoxia-induced neuronal apoptosis via MRTF-A-mediated transactivity. Cao, XL; Dong, W; Hu, XM; Min, ZL; Wang, F; Wang, J; Wu, FJ; Xiao, W; Xing, H; Xu, SQ; Ying, TZ; Zhang, Y; Zheng, WX, 2015)	3.3
"Baicalin has the protection against oxidative stress via activation of Nrf2 in N2a/APPswe cells."	( [Baicalin increases the antioxidant capacity via promoting the nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in N2a/APPswe cells]. Cao, H; Chen, B; Deng, Y; Lu, X; Yu, G, 2015)	2.77
"Baicalin has a significant neuroprotective effect in stroke. "	( Baicalin alleviates ischemia-induced memory impairment by inhibiting the phosphorylation of CaMKII in hippocampus. Bai, B; Cao, Y; Guo, W; Liu, R; Qi, H; Qu, L; Wang, P; Yu, J; Zhang, Q; Zhu, H, 2016)	3.32
"Baicalin has many pharmacological activities, including protective function against myocardial ischemia by antioxidant effects and free radical scavenging activity. "	( Baicalin-loaded PEGylated lipid nanoparticles: characterization, pharmacokinetics, and protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia in rats. Pan, J; Wang, J; Zhang, S, 2016)	3.32
"Baicalin has been reported to attenuate lung edema in the process of lung injury. "	( Effects of baicalin on alveolar fluid clearance and α-ENaC expression in rats with LPS-induced acute lung injury. Deng, J; Liang, AL; Tang, J; Wang, DX; Xiang, DK, 2017)	2.29
"Baicalin has been shown to be effective for various animal models of cardiovascular diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension, atherosclerosis and myocardial ischaemic injury. "	( Baicalin Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Myocardial Remodeling in a Chronic Pressure-Overload Mice Model. Chen, L; Guan, S; Hu, D; Li, W; Liao, P; Zhang, Y; Zhu, M, 2017)	3.34
"Baicalin (BCL) has potential therapeutic benefits, but its clinical outcomes are restricted mainly because of low water solubility. "	( The formation of a host-guest inclusion complex system between β-cyclodextrin and baicalin and its dissolution characteristics. Chen, Q; Deng, P; Jiang, Q; Li, J; Li, W; Shang, J; Yu, M, 2017)	2.12
"Baicalin as a new drug has good prospects in the treatment of SAP."	( Pathological changes in multiple organs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis treated by baicalin and octreotide. Cai, Y; Chen, L; Feng, GH; Ju, TF; Tian, H; Wu, DJ; Xie, Q; Xu, RJ; Zhang, J; Zhang, XP, 2009)	1.3
"Baicalin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects and protect against various tissue injuries. "	( Baicalin attenuates air embolism-induced acute lung injury in rat isolated lungs. Chen, CW; Chu, SJ; Hsu, CW; Hsu, K; Huang, KL; Li, MH; Tsai, SH; Wu, SY; Yan, HC, 2009)	3.24
"Baicalin has emerged as a promising agent for the therapy of infectious diseases due to the increasing number of pathogenic microbial strains resistant to several antibiotics. "	( Effects of baicalin on Chlamydia trachomatis infection in vitro. Aixia, Y; Hao, H; Lei, F; Nancai, Y; Wen, S, 2010)	2.19
"Baicalin has good prospects in the treatment for SAP because it can exert therapeutic effects on this disease through inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators, decreasing blood viscosity, improving microcirculation, and mitigating the pathological damage of the pancreas."	( Effect of baicalin on inflammatory mediator levels and microcirculation disturbance in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Cai, Y; Chen, L; Jiang, X; Tian, H; Wu, C; Xu, R; Ye, Q; Yuan, W; Zhang, X, 2009)	2.2
"Baicalin has a protective role on the thymus of SAP rats, and its effect of decreasing inflammatory mediators level in blood, inhibiting P-selectin expression and inducing apoptosis of thymocytes may involve in the mechanism of its protective role."	( Baicalin protects thymus of rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Guanghua, F; Jing, Y; Jinxian, H; Lini, F; Meijuan, Y; Qijun, Y; Qing, W; Rujun, X; Wei, Z; Weihong, W; Xiping, Z, 2010)	2.52
"Baicalin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cataract effects on eye tissues, but it has a low bioavailability partly due to its poor stability of baicalin, the special anatomic structure and efficient protective mechanism of eyes. "	( Design and evaluation of baicalin-containing in situ pH-triggered gelling system for sustained ophthalmic drug delivery. Li, J; Li, L; Li, N; Liu, Z; Pan, H; Peng, J; Wu, H, 2011)	2.12
"Baicalin has impact on the pharmacokinetics of CA in rabbits."	( [Effect of baicalin on pharmacokinetics of chlorogenic acid in rabbits]. Fang, G; Gao, Y; Li, Z; Ni, J; Wei, J, 2010)	1.47
"Baicalin has protective effects against EAE in rats. "	( [Effects of baicalin on apoptosis in rats with autoimmune encephalomyelitis]. Huang, R; Jin, SJ; Xu, J; Yang, YJ; Zhang, JF, 2011)	2.19
"Baicalin has been characterized as the active compound and quality control marker in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, traditionally used as a hypotensive herb."	( Inhibitory activities of baicalin against renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme. Aluko, RE; Deng, YF; Jin, Q; Yuan, LJ; Zhang, Y, 2012)	2.13
"Baicalin has been demonstrated to exert anticancer effects mainly through induction of tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. "	( Autophagy induced by baicalin involves downregulation of CD147 in SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. Gao, J; Hou, Q; Li, L; Liu, H; Tang, X; Zhang, X, 2012)	2.14
"Baicalin has been reported to protect against liver injury in iron-overload mice, however, the mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective properties of baicalin are poorly understood. "	( Iron overload-induced rat liver injury: Involvement of protein tyrosine nitration and the effect of baicalin. Deng, X; Gao, Z; Huang, Y; Li, H; Xu, Y; Zhang, Y, 2012)	2.04
"Baicalin has been demonstrated to be an antioxidant or iron chelator in animal experiments."	( Ferric citrate CYP2E1-independently promotes alcohol-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells via oxidative/nitrative stress which is attenuated by pretreatment with baicalin. Feng, Y; Gao, Z; Li, H; Xu, Y, 2012)	1.3
"Baicalin has a neuroprotective effect in a variety of brain injury animal models, although the mechanism remains unclear."	( Baicalin improved the spatial learning ability of global ischemia/reperfusion rats by reducing hippocampal apoptosis. Cheng, K; Cheng, O; Han, Y; Jiang, Q; Li, Z; Yan, Y, 2012)	2.54
"Baicalin has a significant anti-inflammation effect and is widely used in the clinical treatment of stroke. "	( Role of baicalin in regulating Toll-like receptor 2/4 after ischemic neuronal injury. Chai, YS; DU, LJ; Hu, J; Lei, F; Li, HY; Wan, HJ; Wang, YG; Xing, DM; Yuan, ZY, 2012)	2.26
"Baicalin has statistically significant effects in inhibiting tumor growth in an orthotopic transplantation mouse model of mismatch repair gene deficient colorectal cancer, and 100 mg/kg may be an ideal treatment dose."	( [Effects of Baicalin on an orthotopic transplantation mouse model of mismatch repair gene deficient colorectal cancer]. Chen, HJ; Chen, YG; Gu, YF; Lin, Q; Yang, BL; Zhang, SP; Zhu, P, 2012)	2.2
"Baicalin has proven to be electroactive at pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrodes."	( Electrochemical investigations of baicalin and DNA-baicalin interactions. Fan, C; Li, G; Ma, Z; Sun, Z; Wang, X; Zhang, W, 2004)	1.32
"Baicalin (BA) has been shown with anti-HIV-1 activity. "	( Zinc coupling potentiates anti-HIV-1 activity of baicalin. Pu, SP; Wang, Q; Wang, YT; Zheng, YT, 2004)	2.02
"The Baicalin injection has significant therapeutic effects on SAP rats, its effects are similar to those of octreotide. "	( Experimental study of therapeutic efficacy of Baicalin in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Cheng, QH; He, JX; Lu, B; Zhang, L; Zhang, RP; Zhang, XP; Zhou, YF, 2007)	1.16
"Baicalin has a protective effect against the pertussis bacilli-induced brain edema in rats, and protective effect was correlated to the increased content of GABA in the brain tissue in rats."	( [Changes of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid contents in brain tissue of brain edema and effects of baicalin on them in rats]. Yang, Y; Yin, F; Yu, P, 2000)	1.96

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Baicalin plays a significant role in rescuing mitochondrial dysfunction."	( Baicalin attenuates amyloid β oligomers induced memory deficits and mitochondria fragmentation through regulation of PDE-PKA-Drp1 signalling. Wang, L; Yu, HY; Zhang, FF; Zhang, HT; Zhang, XL; Zhao, XM; Zhou, YM; Zhu, Y, 2022)	2.89
"Baicalin inhibited the increase of COLIV and FN expression induced by HG through upregulating miR-124 in HK-2 cells."	( Baicalin suppresses renal fibrosis through microRNA-124/TLR4/NF-κB axis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy mice and high glucose-treated human proximal tubule epithelial cells. Liang, R; Wang, P; Xu, L; Yang, C; Zhang, S, 2020)	2.72
"Baicalin plays a therapeutic role mainly by mediating downstream apoptosis and immune response pathways induced by upstream oxidative stress and inflammation."	( Baicalin and the liver-gut system: Pharmacological bases explaining its therapeutic effects. Hu, Q; Li, L; Li, Z; Ma, X; Peng, X; Tian, X; Wei, S; Wu, Z; Xiang, J; Zhang, W; Zhao, Y, 2021)	2.79
"Baicalin plays important roles in different types of cancer. "	( Baicalin attenuates XRCC1-mediated DNA repair to enhance the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to cisplatin. Cai, X; Cao, Z; Chen, E; Gong, E; Li, Y; Pan, J; Xu, C; Ye, Z; Yin, Z, 2022)	3.61
"Baicalin could inhibit HOS cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner."	( Baicalin induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell through ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Ouyang, H; Wan, D, 2018)	2.64
"Baicalin plays a significant role in elevation of glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity to promote glucose clearance."	( Beneficial effect of baicalin on insulin sensitivity in adipocytes of diet-induced obese mice. Bo, P; Fang, P; Han, S; Min, W; Shi, M; Yu, M; Zhang, Z, 2018)	1.52
"Baicalin displays a distinct pharmacokinetic profile including gastrointestinal hydrolysis, enterohepatic recycling, carrier-mediated transport, and complicated metabolism."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability Enhancement of Baicalin: A Review. Huang, T; Liu, Y; Zhang, C, 2019)	1.49
"Baicalin can inhibit Aβ-induced microglial cell activation by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in AD transgenic mice."	( Aβ-induced microglial cell activation is inhibited by baicalin through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Chen, H; Geng, M; Hu, Y; Pan, J; Tian, L; Wang, C; Xiong, J, 2014)	1.37
"Baicalin can increase the apoptosis rate of C. "	( Baicalin prevents Candida albicans infections via increasing its apoptosis rate. Fu, Y; Kuang, N; Wu, X; Xu, J; Yang, S; Zeng, X; Zeng, Y; Zhou, Z, 2014)	3.29
"Baicalin could suppress the expression of Atg5-Atg12 complex and LC3-II, and attenuate autophagy induced by starvation."	( Baicalin inhibits autophagy induced by influenza A virus H3N2. Chen, DF; Feng, MQ; Han, L; Huang, H; Ju, DW; Shi, XL; Wang, BL; Wang, X; Zhu, HY, 2015)	2.58
"Baicalin promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells of rats and mice."	( Neuronal differentiation of human iPS cells induced by baicalin via regulation of bHLH gene expression. Ishida, T; Kawanishi, S; Morita, A; Nakayama, H; Sato, EF; Soga, K, 2015)	1.39
"Baicalin can inhibit 5-LOX activation after ischemic injury, which may partly result from inhibition of the ROS/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway."	( Baicalin attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated 5-lipoxygenase activation in PC12 cells. Fang, SH; Huang, XJ; Huang, XQ; Li, CT; Lu, YB; Qi, LL; Wei, EQ; Zhang, LH; Zhang, WP, 2010)	3.25
"Baicalin displays substantial inhibitory effects on C. "	( [In vitro activity of baicalin against non-albicans Candida biofilms]. Cheng, H; Guan, Y; Wang, C; Xu, S; Yu, L; Yun, Y; Zhang, X, 2010)	2.12
"Baicalin could inhibit C. "	( [Inhibitory effect of baicalin on germ tube formation and adhesion of Candida albicans]. Cheng, H; Feng, X; Wang, C; Wang, Y; Xie, C; Yun, Y; Zhang, X; Zhu, Q, 2010)	2.12
"Baicalin might inhibit newly generated T(H)17 cells via reducing RORγt expression, and together with up-regulating Foxp3 expression to suppress RORγt-mediated IL-17 expression in established T(H)17 cells."	( Identification of Baicalin as an immunoregulatory compound by controlling T(H)17 cell differentiation. Chu, Y; Li, M; Yang, J; Yang, X, 2011)	1.42
"Baicalin could inhibit the inflammatory reaction in neuron damage and TLR might be its targets, which explained why baicalin could widely be used in the clinical treatment of stroke."	( Role of baicalin in regulating Toll-like receptor 2/4 after ischemic neuronal injury. Chai, YS; DU, LJ; Hu, J; Lei, F; Li, HY; Wan, HJ; Wang, YG; Xing, DM; Yuan, ZY, 2012)	1.53
"Baicalin could inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells in vivo by down-regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway, where the expressions of p-Akt, mTOR and p-mTOR proteins decreased compared with negative control group, and no significant difference of Akt expression was found between different groups."	( [Effects of baicalin on HL-60 cell xenografts in nude mice and its mechanism]. Chen, BY; Chen, YY; Hu, JD; Huang, Y; Li, J; Zheng, J, 2012)	1.48
"Baicalin did not suppress IL-1beta-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production, but dexamethasone, baicalein, and wogonin, significantly suppressed IL-6 and IL-8 production."	( Effects of baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin on interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 expression, and nuclear factor-kappab binding activities induced by interleukin-1beta in human retinal pigment epithelial cell line. Hayasaka, S; Hayasaka, Y; Matsumoto, M; Nagaki, Y; Nakamura, N; Terasawa, K; Zhang, XY, 2003)	1.43
"Baicalin could inhibit the secretion of pro-MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression in IL-1beta induced HGF and PDLCs, which suggests that baicalin may play an important role in preventing and treating periodontal disease."	( [Effects of baicalin on the expression of pro-MMP-1 and MMP-3 in human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells]. Cao, ZG; Cobert, EF; Jin, LJ; Li, CZ; Shang, ZH; Yang, R, 2004)	2.15
"Baicalin could inhibit NK-kappaB activation, and it has certain effect in inducing the differentiation of MSC into NC."	( [Effect of nuclear factor-kappaB on differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells into neurons induced by baicalin in rats]. Jia, YJ; Yang, J; Yang, Q, 2005)	1.99
"Baicalin was shown to inhibit the NF-kappaB cascade via three signal transduction pathways, NIK/IKK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)."	( Short-term feeding of baicalin inhibits age-associated NF-kappaB activation. Cho, KH; Choi, JS; Chung, HY; Kim, DH; Kim, HK; Kim, JY; Kim, YS; Park, S; Yu, BP; Zou, Y, 2006)	1.37
"Baicalin appears to inhibit NO production and release in the endothelium and this mechanism is likely to be responsible for the enhancement of the U46619-induced contraction and for inhibition of endothelial NO-mediated relaxation by baicalin in rat mesenteric artery."	( Baicalin-induced vascular response in rat mesenteric artery: role of endothelial nitric oxide. Chen, ZY; Huang, Y; Lau, CW; Su, YL; Tsang, SY; Yao, X, 2002)	2.48

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Baicalin treatment significantly reversed the altered learning and memory behaviours in AD mouse model. "	( Baicalin attenuates amyloid β oligomers induced memory deficits and mitochondria fragmentation through regulation of PDE-PKA-Drp1 signalling. Wang, L; Yu, HY; Zhang, FF; Zhang, HT; Zhang, XL; Zhao, XM; Zhou, YM; Zhu, Y, 2022)	3.61
"Baicalin treatment at 50 µM counteracted rotenone toxicity by modulating the expression levels of some proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis."	( Rotenone-induced oxidative stress in THP-1 cells: biphasic effects of baicalin. Bertuccio, MP; Caccamo, D; Currò, M; Ientile, R; Saija, C; Trainito, A; Trovato-Salinaro, A; Visalli, G, 2023)	1.87
"Baicalin treatment reversed IL-1β-induced increase in ROS production and MDA level, as well as decrease in SOD activity."	( Baicalin suppresses interleukin-1β-induced apoptosis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix degradation in human nucleus pulposus cells. Bai, X; Lian, Y; Yao, M; Zhang, M; Zhu, X, 2023)	3.07
"Baicalin treatment protects against LPS-induced injury by decreasing oxidative stress, repressing the inflammatory cascade, and inhibiting apoptosis."	( Protective Effects of Baicalin on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Injury in Caenorhabditis elegans. Ma, J; Wang, R; Xu, A; Xu, R; Yan, H; Zhang, J, 2020)	2.32
"Baicalin treatment effectively suppressed LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis."	( Baicalin relieves lipopolysaccharide-evoked inflammatory injury through regulation of miR-21 in H9c2 cells. Liu, X; Wang, S; Zhao, G, 2020)	2.72
"Baicalin treatment could reduce triglyceride (TG) contents and lipid droplet accumulation in PA-treated HepG2 cells."	( The mechanisms of baicalin ameliorate obesity and hyperlipidemia through a network pharmacology approach. Jiang, YQ; Jiang, ZM; Liu, EH; Liu, WJ; Wang, ZY; Xiao, PT, 2020)	1.61
"in baicalin-treated group."	( Protective effect of baicalin on the regulation of Treg/Th17 balance, gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in rats with ulcerative colitis. Shen, H; Shen, ZF; Xu, LZ; Zhan, LB; Zhao, S; Zhu, L, 2020)	1.39
"Baicalin treatment decreased the apoptosis rate and the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins induced by IL-1β, up-regulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, and inhibited the degradation of ECM. "	( Baicalin Protects Human OA Chondrocytes Against IL-1β-Induced Apoptosis and ECM Degradation by Activating Autophagy via MiR-766-3p/AIFM1 Axis. Cheng, J; Li, Z; Liu, J, 2020)	3.44
"Baicalin treatment noticeably alleviated radiographic and histologic abnormalities in the hind paw joints of CIA model rats in a dose‑dependent manner."	( Baicalin alleviates collagen‑induced arthritis and suppresses TLR2/MYD88/NF‑κB p65 signaling in rats and HFLS‑RAs. Bai, L; Bai, Y; Duan, H; Huang, L; Ma, R; Wan, Q; Wang, L; Yang, Y; Zhang, W, 2020)	2.72
"Baicalin treatment also reduced the level of proinflammatory cytokines and suppressed proinflammatory protein expression."	( Baicalin ameliorates Ishfaq, M; Li, J; Wang, J, 2021)	2.79
"Baicalin treatment increased HSP72 expression, while its depletion reversed the effect of baicalin on COPD."	( Baicalin alleviates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through regulation of HSP72-mediated JNK pathway. Hao, D; Jiang, J; Li, Y; Shi, J, 2021)	2.79
"Baicalin treatment relieved renal injury in NS rats. "	( Baicalin attenuates adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome by regulating fibrosis procession and inflammatory reaction. He, SD; Huang, SG; Li, DY; Sun, CX; Tan, N; Zhu, HJ, 2021)	3.51
"Baicalin treatment in PC12 cells inhibited dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1) expression, decreased mitochondrial fission, promoted mitofusin-2 (MFN2) generation, increased Drp-1 Ser637 phosphorylation, and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) via the suppression of ROS production."	( Baicalin attenuates in vivo and in vitro hyperglycemia-exacerbated ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating mitochondrial function in a manner dependent on AMPK. Deng, X; Fu, Q; Li, S; Liu, B; Ma, S; Ma, Z; Qu, R; Sun, R; Sun, X; Xu, L, 2017)	2.62
"Baicalin treatment significantly suppressed levels of IL-33 and NF-κB p65, whereas levels of IκB-α were increased."	( Baicalin may alleviate inflammatory infiltration in dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic ulcerative colitis via inhibiting IL-33 expression. He, WX; Liu, D; Lu, JL; Xu, YJ; Yang, JY; Zhang, CL; Zhang, S, 2017)	2.62
"Baicalin treatment effectively alleviated DSS-induced chronic UC, and the protective mechanisms may involve inhibition of IL-33 expression and subsequent NF-κB activation."	( Baicalin may alleviate inflammatory infiltration in dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic ulcerative colitis via inhibiting IL-33 expression. He, WX; Liu, D; Lu, JL; Xu, YJ; Yang, JY; Zhang, CL; Zhang, S, 2017)	3.34
"Baicalin treatment preserved cell viabilities and reduced apoptosis of H/R-exposed HAECs in a concentration- dependent manner."	( Baicalin Suppresses Hypoxia-Reoxygenation-Induced Arterial Endothelial Cell Apoptosis via Suppressing PKCδ/p53 Signaling. Ren, A; Shou, X; Wang, B; Wang, L; Xin, S; Zhou, R; Zhu, L, 2017)	2.62
"Baicalin treatment also significantly reduced the wound closure and cell amount invaded as measured by Transwell assay."	( Baicalin Inhibits Human Cervical Cancer Cells by Suppressing Protein Kinase C/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (PKC/STAT3) Signaling Pathway. Wang, Q; Xu, H; Zhao, X, 2018)	2.64
"Baicalin treatment inhibited APPL2/GR signaling pathway and improved neurogenesis at SVZ, OB, and hippocampus in APPL2 Tg mice and chronic corticosterone-induced depression mouse model."	( Baicalin Modulates APPL2/Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling Cascade, Promotes Neurogenesis, and Attenuates Emotional and Olfactory Dysfunctions in Chronic Corticosterone-Induced Depression. Deng, R; Du, Q; Gao, C; Li, W; Shen, J; Wang, Q; Xu, A, 2018)	2.64
"Baicalin treatment (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly reversed the abnormal levels of sucrose consumption, open field test, and forced swimming test."	( Baicalin reverse depressive-like behaviors through regulation SIRT1-NF-kB signaling pathway in olfactory bulbectomized rats. Guan, X; Yu, H; Zhang, F, 2019)	2.68
"Baicalin pretreatment significantly decreased the rise in the lung injury score; total leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and macrophage counts; pro-inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β); biosynthesis of oxidative products, e.g., malondialdehyde (MDA); and restoration of antioxidative enzyme (superoxide dismutase and catalase) activities by improving the expression of nuclear Nrf2 and cytosolic HO-1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury."	( Baicalin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via the activation of the Nrf2-mediated HO-1 signaling pathway. Hu, L; Li, W; Meng, X, 2019)	2.68
"Baicalin treatment was administered from 6h until 24h after infection."	( Baicalin plays an anti-inflammatory role through reducing nuclear factor-κB and p38 phosphorylation in S. aureus-induced mastitis. Cao, Y; Deng, X; Fu, Y; Guo, M; Li, D; Li, F; Liang, D; Liu, Z; Yang, Z; Zhang, N, 2013)	2.55
"Baicalin treatment was administered between 6 and 24h after infection."	( Baicalin inhibits Staphylococcus aureus-induced apoptosis by regulating TLR2 and TLR2-related apoptotic factors in the mouse mammary glands. Cao, Y; Deng, X; Guo, M; Liu, Z; Song, X; Wang, T; Yang, Z; Zhang, N; Zhou, E, 2014)	2.57
"Baicalin treatment (I) attenuated LPS-induced iNOS mRNA and protein as well as nitrites generation, and (II) ameliorated LPS-elicited TLR4 and PPARγ production, and (III) inhibited p38/ATF2 phosphorylation leading to suppression of p38 signalling, and (IV) prevented PPARγ from phosphorylation contributing to maintainence of PPARγ bioactivity."	( Inhibitory effect of baicalin on iNOS and NO expression in intestinal mucosa of rats with acute endotoxemia. Feng, A; Huang, X; Yuan, X; Zhang, T; Zhang, Z; Zhou, G, 2013)	1.43
"Baicalin treatment decreased oxidative stress and histological injury, and improved kidney function, as well as inhibiting proinflammatory responses and tubular apoptosis. "	( The protective effect of baicalin against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis. Li, L; Lin, M; Pokhrel, G; Qi, G; Rong, R; Zhu, T, 2014)	2.15
"Baicalin treatment following IAV infection revealed up-regulation of interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral signalling and decreased phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) activation compared with infected, untreated controls. "	( Antiviral activity of baicalin against influenza virus H1N1-pdm09 is due to modulation of NS1-mediated cellular innate immune responses. Agrawal, AS; Bhowmick, R; Bose, S; Chakrabarti, S; Chawla-Sarkar, M; Naskar, S; Nayak, MK; Sarkar, S, 2014)	2.16
"Baicalin treatment effectively protected human fibroblasts from these UVA radiation-induced aging responses, suggesting that the underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of oxidative damage and regulation of the expression of senescence-related genes, including those encoding for p53, p66(Shc) and p16."	( Effects of baicalin against UVA-induced photoaging in skin fibroblasts. Ahmad, I; Lin, B; Liu, X; Luo, D; Min, W; Qian, Q; Wang, M; Wu, D; Yusuf, N, 2014)	1.51
"Baicalin pretreatment ameliorated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, reduced oxidative stress and ER stress and further activated the anti-oxidative Nrf2 signaling pathway."	( Baicalin ameliorates H2O2 induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells through the inhibition of ER stress and the activation of Nrf2 signaling. Li, L; Lin, M; Rong, R; Xu, M; Zhang, Y; Zheng, L; Zhu, T, 2014)	2.57
"Baicalin treatment also induced a significant decrease in the levels of inflammatory mediators, including the myeloperoxidase activity, the levels of tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β, and Th1-related cytokines IL-12 and IFN-γ."	( Baicalin attenuates TNBS-induced colitis in rats by modulating the Th17/Treg paradigm. Chi, HG; Dai, SX; Feng, JS; He, ZW; Huang, GL; Li, T; Li, WY; Wan, Z; Wang, J; Ye, CG; Zhao, B; Zheng, XB; Zou, Y, 2015)	2.58
"Baicalin treatment was able to increase antioxidant capabilities by recovering activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and up-regulating their gene expression."	( Protective Effects of Baicalin on Aβ₁₋₄₂-Induced Learning and Memory Deficit, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Rat. Ding, H; Sun, D; Wang, H; Zhai, X; Zhao, Y, 2015)	1.45
"Baicalin treatment did not down-regulate Hes1 gene expression, but it reduced Hes1 protein levels and up-regulated Ascl1 gene expression."	( Neuronal differentiation of human iPS cells induced by baicalin via regulation of bHLH gene expression. Ishida, T; Kawanishi, S; Morita, A; Nakayama, H; Sato, EF; Soga, K, 2015)	1.39
"Baicalin pre-treatment attenuates brain ischemia reperfusion injury by suppressing cellular apoptosis."	( Pretreatment with baicalin attenuates hypoxia and glucose deprivation-induced injury in SH-SY5Y cells. Bi, JZ; Ju, XN; Kong, F; Sun, C; Wang, MH; Wang, XY; Zhou, QB, 2016)	2.21
"The baicalin treatment had no obvious impact on the functional groups, crystal structure and surface morphology of silk."	( Bioactive and UV protective silk materials containing baicalin - The multifunctional plant extract from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Tang, RC; Yang, ZY; Zhou, Y, 2016)	1.16
"Baicalin treatment significantly alleviated alcoholic liver injury, improved liver function impaired by alcohol, and inhibited hepatocytes apoptosis. "	( Baicalin Attenuates Alcoholic Liver Injury through Modulation of Hepatic Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Sonic Hedgehog Pathway in Rats. Bai, R; Du, S; Wang, H; Wang, M; Zhang, Y, 2016)	3.32
"Baicalin treatment significantly attenuated the elevation of liver ALT levels, as well as hepatic MPO activity in a dose- dependent manner (15-60[Formula: see text]mg/kg) in APAP-treated mice."	( ERK Signaling Pathway Plays a Key Role in Baicalin Protection Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. Chou, AH; Day, YJ; Lee, HC; Liao, CC; Liou, JT; Liu, FC, 2017)	1.44
"Baicalin treatment significantly decreased ABL compared with the negative control group (P = 0.009). "	( [Protective effect of baicalin on experimental periodontitis in rats and its possible mechanisms]. Cai, X; Cao, ZG; Du, GF; Li, CZ; Liu, LH, 2008)	2.1
"Baicalin-treatment of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was shown to inhibit triglyceride accumulation and lipid droplet formation during induced adipogenesis."	( Antiobesity effect of baicalin involves the modulations of proadipogenic and antiadipogenic regulators of the adipogenesis pathway. Cho, SH; Chung, SI; Hahn, Y; Kang, R; Kim, SS; Lee, H; Yang, Y; Yoon, Y, 2009)	1.39
"Baicalin treatment of Mc3 cells resulted in an accumulation of cells at the G₀/G₁ and G₂/M phase with a concomitant decrease in cells processing to S phase as assessed by flow cytometry."	( Baicalin induces human mucoepidermoid carcinoma Mc3 cells apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Cai, BL; Guan, SM; Li, Y; Liu, B; Wang, Y; Wu, JZ; Xu, XF, 2011)	2.53
"Baicalin treatment markedly attenuated the inflammatory effects of CS."	( Baicalin attenuates inflammation by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation in cigarette smoke induced inflammatory models. Baojun, L; Jianhua, H; Jingcheng, D; Lixuan, Z; Wenqin, Y; Xiaotao, F, 2010)	2.52
"In baicalin-treated group (150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), the level of arterial oxygen partial pressure and oxygenation index increased versus the ARDS group."	( [Effects of baicalin on pulmonary functions of acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by oleic acid in rats]. Fu, FY; He, B; Zhao, JY; Zhao, ZM, 2011)	1.26
"Baicalin treatment (7.5 - 30 mg/kg) significantly increased entries into and time spent in open arms, indicative of an anxiolytic-like effect."	( Anxiolytic-Like Effect of baicalin and its additivity with other anxiolytics. Chow, CY; Ho, KH; Tsang, SY; Wang, F; Xu, Z; Xue, H; Yuen, CT; Zheng, H, 2006)	1.36
"Both baicalin and Dex pretreatment decreased the brain water content from 88.9 +/- 1.7 % (HIBD group) to 87.4 +/- 0.7% (baicalin) or 87.3 +/- 0.6% (Dex) (P < 0.05) and the number of apoptotic cells were reduced from 251 +/- 28 (HIBD group) to 102 +/- 47 (baicalin) or 75 +/- 26 (Dex) (P < 0.05)."	( [Protective effects of baicalin pretreatment on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats]. Lin, XJ; Qi, BX; Song, JH; Wang, X; Yang, YJ, 2006)	1.1
"Baicalin-treated groups presented with lower alveolar bone loss than that of the ligature group, reaching statistical significance at the dose of 200 mg/kg (p = 0.009). "	( Protective effects of baicalin on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Cai, X; Cao, Z; Du, G; Li, C, 2008)	2.1
"Treatment with baicalin attenuated the accumulation of inflammatory cells and led to milder pathological inflammatory and fibrotic changes in lung tissues."	( Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice. Chen, J; Chen, Y; Dai, W; Li, C; Liu, F; Liu, T; Weng, D, 2015)	2.2
"Treatment with baicalin decreased serum triglyceride, cholesterol, lipase, amylase levels, and attenuated pancreatic edema. "	( Dysregulated B7H4/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway Involves in Hypertriglyceridemia Acute Pancreatitis and Is Attenuated by Baicalin. Dong, Y; Han, F; Li, J; Su, H; Wu, G; Xu, J; Yang, J, 2023)	1.48
"Treatment with baicalin prevented root resorption without preventing tooth movement. "	( Baicalin inhibits root resorption during tooth movement in a rodent model. Abe, T; Awada, T; Gunji, H; Horie, K; Kimura, A; Kunimatsu, R; Nakajima, K; Nakatani, A; Sakata, S; Tanimoto, K; Tsuka, Y; Yoshimi, Y, 2020)	2.35
"Treatment of baicalin decreased the oxidative stress mediated by SDH and reduced the subsequent loss of GS."	( Baicalin combats glutamate excitotoxicity via protecting glutamine synthetase from ROS-induced 20S proteasomal degradation. Gong, Z; Kou, J; Liu, B; Liu, K; Song, X, 2020)	2.35
"Treatment with baicalin (20, 40mg/kg) significantly reversed these changes."	( Baicalin ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive behavior: Involving the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rat prefrontal cortex. Liu, C; Liu, X, 2017)	2.24
"Co-treatment of baicalin significantly reduced the mortality rates, ameliorated the t-PA-mediated BBB disruption and HT."	( Baicalin Attenuates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Hemorrhagic Transformation and Improves Neurological Outcome in Ischemic Stroke Rats with Delayed t-PA Treatment: Involvement of ONOO Chen, H; Chen, X; Guan, B; Li, C; Liu, KJ; Qi, S; Qiu, J; Shen, J; Yang, D, 2018)	2.26
"Treatment with baicalin (20, 40mg/kg) significantly reversed these changes."	( Baicalin reverse AMPA receptor expression and neuron apoptosis in chronic unpredictable mild stress rats. Ma, SP; Yang, SJ; Yin, ZJ; Yu, HY, 2014)	2.18
"Pretreatment with baicalin (10.0 μg/mL) improved LPS-stimulated cell viability and repressed IL-6 and TNF-α levels. "	( Protective effects of baicalin on LPS-induced injury in intestinal epithelial cells and intercellular tight junctions. Chen, J; Kuang, Z; Liu, Q; Song, H; Wang, J; Yu, P; Zeng, D; Zhang, R, 2015)	1.07
"Treatment with baicalin (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly reversed all of these changes."	( Baicalin Reverses Depressive-Like Behaviours and Regulates Apoptotic Signalling Induced by Olfactory Bulbectomy. Ma, SP; Qu, R; Yang, SJ; Yin, ZJ; Yu, HY, 2016)	2.22
"The treatment with baicalin obviously decreased the production of IL-4 and IL-5 and the gene expression of GATA-3, STAT-6, but increased the production of IL-10."	( [Primary study on mechanism of baicalin on the Th1/Th2 response in murine model of asthma]. Cai, Y; Deng, HM; Huang, F; Nie, H; Tong, XY; Zhang, RH, 2009)	0.97
"Pretreatment with baicalin significantly delayed the onset of the first limbic seizures and SE, reduced the mortality rate, and attenuated the changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation, nitrite content and reduced glutathione in the hippocampus of pilocarpine-treated rats."	( The anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of baicalin on pilocarpine-induced epileptic model in rats. Gao, F; Jia, RH; Jiang, W; Jing, YY; Li, XW; Liu, YF; Meng, XD; Wang, Y; Zhao, R, 2012)	0.96
"Treatment with baicalin (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) prevented these abnormalities induced by CMS."	( Chronic treatment with baicalin prevents the chronic mild stress-induced depressive-like behavior: involving the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 in rat brain. Jiao, S; Li, J; Li, YC; Shen, JD; Wang, R; Yi, LT, 2013)	1.04
"Pretreatment of baicalin has protective effect on BP caused nerve cell injury in rat brain slices, the protection is possibly related with the reduction of glutamic acid and hydrogen peroxide induced damage on nerve cells in vitro."	( [Study of protective effect and mechanism for baicalin on bacillus pertussis infected brain tissue and its dose-effect relationship]. Yang, YJ; Yin, F; Yu, PL, 2002)	0.92
"Pretreatment with baicalin, as with Dex, has a protective effect against HIBD in neonatal rats, but baicalin or Dex post-treatment do not reverse the neuronal injuries."	( [Protective effects of baicalin pretreatment on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats]. Lin, XJ; Qi, BX; Song, JH; Wang, X; Yang, YJ, 2006)	0.98
"Pretreatment with baicalin (2-20 mg/kg, i.v.) one hour before an i.v."	( The antipyretic effects of baicalin in lipopolysaccharide-evoked fever in rabbits. Huang, WT; Liao, JF; Lin, MT; Tsai, CC; Wang, JJ, 2006)	0.95
"Treatment with baicalin (25 mg/kg p.o."	( Protective effects of kampo medicines and baicalin against intestinal toxicity of a new anticancer camptothecin derivative, irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11), in rats. Hagiwara, T; Hirohashi, M; Kakihata, K; Kasai, Y; Kitano, Y; Kobayashi, R; Mori, K; Nagai, E; Nomura, M; Takasuna, K, 1995)	0.9

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Eleven treatment-related adverse events were observed, and all were rated as "mild" and resolved without further treatment."	( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a single ascending dose of baicalein chewable tablets in healthy subjects. Cao, G; Dong, F; Du, G; He, G; Hu, X; Li, K; Li, M; Li, Y; Pang, H; Shi, A; Xiao, W; Xue, W; Yan, B, 2014)	0.4
"Single oral doses of 100-2800 mg of baicalein were safe and well tolerated by healthy subjects."	( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a single ascending dose of baicalein chewable tablets in healthy subjects. Cao, G; Dong, F; Du, G; He, G; Hu, X; Li, K; Li, M; Li, Y; Pang, H; Shi, A; Xiao, W; Xue, W; Yan, B, 2014)	0.4

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using WINNONLIN."	( Comparison of metabolic pharmacokinetics of baicalin and baicalein in rats. Chao, PD; Hou, YC; Hsiu, SL; Lai, MY; Tsai, SY, 2003)	0.58
" The methods were applied to a pharmacokinetic study of baicalin and oxymatrine in rabbits."	( HPLC analyses and pharmacokinetic studies of baicalin and oxymatrine in rabbits. He, ZG; Li, HZ; Qiu, F, 2003)	0.82
"2 ml/kg), and examined the daily changes of the pharmacokinetic behavior of salicylamide (SAM) for five days."	( Effects of Sho-saiko-to extract and its components, Baicalin, baicalein, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid, on pharmacokinetic behavior of salicylamide in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. Hamaguchi, Y; Hirayama, K; Ishida, S; Kishimoto, M; Taira, Z; Ueda, Y; Yabe, K, 2004)	0.57
") was injected to rats for a pharmacokinetic study using microdialysis coupled with HPLC."	( Pharmacokinetics of baicalin in rats and its interactions with cyclosporin A, quinidine and SKF-525A: a microdialysis study. Tsai, PL; Tsai, TH, 2004)	0.65
" Based on the time courses of the concentrations of the free and conjugated forms of baicalin and baicalein in rat plasma after oral administration of Saiko-keishi-to, the pharmacokinetic parameters of C(max), t(max), and AUC(0-6 h) were obtained."	( HPLC with electrochemical detection to examine the pharmacokinetics of baicalin and baicalein in rat plasma after oral administration of a Kampo medicine. Hakamata, H; Kojima, S; Kotani, A; Kusu, F, 2006)	0.79
" This method was subsequently applied to pharmacokinetic studies of geniposide, baicalin, cholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid in rats successfully."	( Simultaneous determination of geniposide, baicalin, cholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid in rat serum for the pharmacokinetic investigations by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Liang, Q; Liu, Q; Luo, G; Pan, Y; Pang, C; Ran, X; Wang, B, 2006)	0.82
" This assay has been successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study of chlorogenic acid and baicalin in vivo through intravenous administration of Yinhuang injection to rats."	( Gradient high-performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid and baicalin in plasma and its application in the study of pharmacokinetics in rats. Deng, L; Fu, Y; Gao, R; Gong, T; Zhang, ZR; Zheng, Q, 2007)	0.77
"6 mg/kg wogonin), dose-normalized Cmax and dose-normalized AUC were comparable between the 20 and 40 mg/kg PF2405 doses, but plasma concentrations of wogonin at 10 mg/kg of PF-2405 were not measurable as they were below limit of quantitation (LOQ; 18 pmol/mL)."	( Pharmacokinetics of baicalein, baicalin and wogonin after oral administration of a standardized extract of Scutellaria baicalensis, PF-2405 in rats. Jeong, DW; Kim, YC; Kim, YH; Lee, HS; Park, ES; Sohn, DH, 2007)	0.63
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from the plasma concentration-time data and urinary excretion-time data with the DAS software package."	( [Pharmacokinetics of flavonoids from xiexin decoction in rats]. Liu, ZM; Ma, YM; Shi, R; Wang, TM; Yan, JC, 2007)	0.34
"Studying the metabolic pharmacokinetic of baicalin of Qingkailing injection in rat, to search for effector substance of Qingkailing injection in vivo."	( [Pharmacokinetic study on baicalin of Qingkailing injection in rats]. Li, HD; Wang, F; Xiao, L; Zhao, XY, 2007)	0.9
" Pharmacokinetic evaluation was carried out using the 3P87."	( [Pharmacokinetic study on baicalin of Qingkailing injection in rats]. Li, HD; Wang, F; Xiao, L; Zhao, XY, 2007)	0.64
" The aim of this study was to determine the influence of CC on the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids following the administration of RS in rats and to investigate the effects of CC on the pharmacokinetic mechanism."	( Influence of coptis Chinensis on pharmacokinetics of flavonoids after oral administration of radix Scutellariae in rats. Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Ma, Y; Shi, R; Wang, C; Wang, T; Zhou, H, 2009)	0.35
"This paper is to study the pharmacokinetic features of baicalin in lens through observing baicalin's concentration changes in lens of rabbits following intragastric administration."	( Ocular pharmacokinetic study on baicalin in lens of rabbits following intragastric administration. Hao, C; Kai, D; Liange, J; Ping, L; Shujie, Z; Yongbin, Y; Zhengzhong, B; Zhiyan, J, 2010)	0.89
" The validated method was applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in rats after administration of Shuang-huang-lian solutions via intravenous, peroral or intratracheal routes."	( An LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, forsythiaside A and baicalin in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study of shuang-huang-lian in rats. Chang, Q; Liao, YH; Liu, CY; Quan, LH; Wei, W; Ye, JX, 2010)	0.58
" The validated method was applied in pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration of Yiqing Capsule and Gegen-Qinlian Tablet to rats."	( Simultaneous determination of baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, berberine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and application in pharmacokinetic studies after oral administration of traditional Chinese Cai, F; Chen, W; Feng, J; Jiang, B; Tao, X; Wei, H; Xu, W, 2010)	0.65
" The plasma concentrations of baicalin and wogonoside in rats at designated time periods after oral administration were successfully determined using the validated method, pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by a non-compartment model."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of baicalin and wogonoside by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after oral administration of Xiaochaihu Tang and Radix scutellariae extract to rats. Chai, Y; Chen, J; Liu, X; Zhang, G; Zhang, H; Zhao, L; Zhu, Z, 2010)	0.93
" Up to now, several studies regarding the pharmacokinetic profiles of baicalein have been described, while there is no such study reported in monkey, the species which is more similar to human."	( Pharmacokinetic study of baicalein after oral administration in monkeys. Du, G; He, G; Song, J; Tian, S; Wang, S; Xin, W; Zhang, D, 2012)	0.38
" The method was then successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study of four bioactive components after a single oral administration of DHXD extract to rats."	( A novel UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of rhein, emodin, berberine and baicalin in rat plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Gao, JW; Huang, P; Lu, YS; Shi, Z; Yao, MC; Yuan, YM; Zou, JL, 2012)	0.6
" In conclusion, the pharmacokinetic behavior of baicalin wassignificantly altered in type 2 diabetic rats after orally administrated Radix scutellariae extract,which may partly result from the increased activity of intestinal β-glucuronidase under thepathological state of type 2 diabetes mellitus."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of baicalin in normal and the type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of the Radix scutellariae extract. Chen, B; Deng, YX; Liu, SZ; Qiu, XM; Shi, QZ; Zhang, XJ, 2012)	0.92
" When rats were pretreated orally with cefadroxil, oxytetracycline and erythromycin for 3 days to control the number of intestinal bacteria, the pharmacokinetic parameters of oral baicalin were significantly affected by antibiotics: Cmax, T1/2(β), Kel and AUC values were significantly changed compared to those in normal rats."	( Role of metabolism by intestinal microbiota in pharmacokinetics of oral baicalin. Jeong, HG; Jeong, TC; Kang, MJ; Kang, W; Kim, HC; Kim, JS; Ko, GS; Noh, K; Oh, DG; Yoon, WK, 2014)	0.83
" The pharmacokinetic parameters showed that the C(max) was (16."	( [Preparation of baicalin nanocrystal pellets and preliminary study on its pharmacokinetics]. Bai, JX; Han, J; Jin, SX; Jin, SY; Lv, QY; Yuan, HL, 2013)	0.74
"The current study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of Huangqin Tang on different oral doses."	( [LC-MS quantification and pharmacokinetics of the multi-constituents of Huangqin Tang in rat plasma after different single oral doses]. Chen, L; Li, T; Liang, RX; Wang, YL; Wang, YW; Yang, WP; Zhang, D; Zhang, HH; Zhou, ZM, 2013)	0.39
"This study was designed to investigate baicalin (BG) pharmacokinetic profile in absorption process using a new model and evaluate the potentiality as a new model."	( Baicalin pharmacokinetic profile of absorption process using novel in-vitro model: cytochrome P450 3A4-induced Caco-2 cell monolayers combined with rat intestinal rinse fluids. Hou, XL; Morisaki, T; Takahashi, K, 2013)	2.1
" Hence, in-vivo intestinal absorption pharmacokinetic was reproduced in vitro."	( Baicalin pharmacokinetic profile of absorption process using novel in-vitro model: cytochrome P450 3A4-induced Caco-2 cell monolayers combined with rat intestinal rinse fluids. Hou, XL; Morisaki, T; Takahashi, K, 2013)	1.83
" The pharmacokinetics of the coprecipitate capsules and the API capsules indicated that the mean values of Cmax were 127."	( Dissolution and pharmacokinetics of baicalin-polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate. Guo, Y; He, M; Ji, P; Li, B; Li, F; Li, S; Li, W; Li, Y; Luo, Z; Wang, B; Zang, C, 2013)	0.66
"From these observations of improved dissolution and pharmacokinetic behaviours, a good relationship was found in vitro and in vivo, indicating that the coprecipitate could be a promising formulation strategy for insoluble baicalin."	( Dissolution and pharmacokinetics of baicalin-polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate. Guo, Y; He, M; Ji, P; Li, B; Li, F; Li, S; Li, W; Li, Y; Luo, Z; Wang, B; Zang, C, 2013)	0.85
"To analyse and compare the characteristics of the intestinal absorption of puerarin, baicalin, berberine and liquiritin in different combinations of Gegenqinlian decoction based on pharmacokinetic parameters, a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was applied for the quantification of four components in rat's plasma."	( [Analysis and comparison of intestinal absorption of components of Gegenqinlian decoction in different combinations based on pharmacokinetic parameters]. An, R; Gu, QQ; Wang, XH; Wang, Y; Yuan, J; Zhang, YZ, 2013)	0.61
" Therefore, the pharmacokinetic studies of the KOB extract administered orally to normal rats and rhinitis-induced rats to understand the correlation of the efficacy and plasma concentration of KOB in patients of allergic rhinitis in future were performed."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of a marker compound, baicalin in KOB extract after oral administration to normal and allergic-induced rats. Baek, JS; Cho, CW; Hwang, CJ; Jung, HW; Kang, JS; Kim, YH; Park, YK, 2014)	0.65
" In conclusion, the pharmacokinetic changes of nifedipine may be modulated by the inhibitory effects of baicalin on plasma protein binding and CYP3A-mediated metabolism."	( Contribution of baicalin on the plasma protein binding displacement and CYP3A activity inhibition to the pharmacokinetic changes of nifedipine in rats in vivo and in vitro. Cheng, ZY; Gao, J; Jia, LJ; Li, HM; Qiao, HL; Tian, X, 2014)	0.96
" The results showed that the pharmacokinetic behaviors of the alkaloids were different although their chemical structures were similar."	( Pharmacochemistry and integrated pharmacokinetics of six alkaloids after oral administration of huang-lian-jie-du-tang decoction. Liu, JX; Ma, ZT; Yang, XW; Zhang, Y, 2014)	0.4
" The method was also successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of all these analytes in plasma after oral administration of RS extract (300mg/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats."	( Development of a SPE-LC/MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A and their glucuronides baicalin, wogonoside and oroxyloside in rats and its application to brain uptake and plasma pharmacokinetic studies. Fong, SY; Wong, YC; Zuo, Z, 2014)	0.61
" The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics (especially the area under the curve, AUC) of baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of HLJDD extract and to explore its possible mechanism."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic investigation on baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic and normal rats after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine Huanglian Jiedu decoction. Deng, YX; He, MY; Lv, Y; Shi, QZ; Zhang, XJ, 2014)	0.87
"The pharmacokinetic parameters (especially AUCs) of baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic rats after oral administration of HLJDD extract were remarkably different from those in normal rats."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic investigation on baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic and normal rats after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine Huanglian Jiedu decoction. Deng, YX; He, MY; Lv, Y; Shi, QZ; Zhang, XJ, 2014)	0.91
"The pharmacokinetic behaviors of baicalin and wogonoside (especially the systemic exposure [AUCs] of baicalin and wogonoside) were significantly altered in type 2 diabetic rats after orally administrated HLJDD extract."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic investigation on baicalin and wogonoside in type 2 diabetic and normal rats after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine Huanglian Jiedu decoction. Deng, YX; He, MY; Lv, Y; Shi, QZ; Zhang, XJ, 2014)	0.94
" Previous pharmacokinetic studies of BA showed its low oral bioavailability."	( Preparation, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of baicalin-loaded liposomes. Guo, J; Wei, Y; Wu, J; Ye, Y; Yu, Y; Zhang, L; Zhao, L; Zheng, X; Zhou, Y, 2014)	0.65
" The aim of this study was to explore whether the pharmacokinetic behavior of BA in rat brain can be affected by Panax notoginsenosides (PNS), and to assess the possible mechanism for the observed effects."	( Pharmacokinetics and brain distribution differences of baicalin in rat underlying the effect of Panax notoginsenosides after intravenous administration. Li, Z; Wang, YY; Xin, WF; Yang, YF; Zhang, WS, 2014)	0.65
" We aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of baicalein and its main metabolite, bacalin, after single-dose administration in healthy Chinese subjects."	( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a single ascending dose of baicalein chewable tablets in healthy subjects. Cao, G; Dong, F; Du, G; He, G; Hu, X; Li, K; Li, M; Li, Y; Pang, H; Shi, A; Xiao, W; Xue, W; Yan, B, 2014)	0.4
" The maximum concentration that the drug achieved after dosing (Cmax), time to Cmax (Tmax), terminal half-life (t₁/₂), area under the curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable concentration (AUC(0, t)), area under the curve from time zero to infinity (AUC(0, ∞)), apparent total plasma clearance (CL/F), and apparent total volume of distribution (V/F) were determined using non-compartmental models."	( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a single ascending dose of baicalein chewable tablets in healthy subjects. Cao, G; Dong, F; Du, G; He, G; Hu, X; Li, K; Li, M; Li, Y; Pang, H; Shi, A; Xiao, W; Xue, W; Yan, B, 2014)	0.4
" The rats were gavaged monarch drug group (Huang Qincu extract, mainly forbaicalin), and official medicine group, adjuvant group, medicine group and Qinbai group (Quan Fangzu) the content of baicalin equal as the monarch drug group, in the 28 h collection in rat plasma at different time point, application of HPLC determination of baicalin glycosides in rat plasmaconcentration time curve, with 3P97 practical pharmacokinetics program to process the data Based on the data analysis, baicalin in rat plasma of Qinbai group Cmax is 4 times as big as monarch druggroup, AUC is 6 times as big as monarch drug group; the content of baicalin in plasma of rats the highest is Qinbai group, the minister drug group, adjuvant group, medicine group of baicalin in rat plasma content of less than the Qinbai group, but was significantly higher than that of monarch drug group; the medicine group is slightly higher than that adjuvant the content of baicalin in plasma of rats."	( [Pharmacokinetic comparison of baicalin absorption medicine Qinbai Qingfei concentrated pellets drug compatibility]. Feng, WC; Hu, H; Li, HL; Song, YJ; Sun, Y; Wang, WM; Yao, L, 2014)	0.92
" The pharmacokinetic data demonstrated that the area under concentration-time curve (AUC) values of gentiopicroside, geniposide, baicalin, and swertiamarin were 1417 ± 83."	( Determination and pharmacokinetic study of gentiopicroside, geniposide, baicalin, and swertiamarin in Chinese herbal formulae after oral administration in rats by LC-MS/MS. Lin, LC; Lu, CM; Tsai, TH, 2014)	0.84
"The pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of Huangqin Tang (HQT) were investigated in yeast-induced febrile rats."	( [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of huangqin tang in febrile rats]. Chen, L; Li, T; Wang, YL; Wang, YW; Yang, WP; Zhang, D; Zhang, HH; Zhou, ZM; Zhuang, SX, 2014)	0.4
"79mg/kg), all six flavonoids were detectable throughout the experimental period (48h) using an LC-MS/MS method with the Cmax and AUC0-48h of the glucuronides 10-130 times that of respective aglycones."	( Oral pharmacokinetics of baicalin, wogonoside, oroxylin A 7-O-β-d-glucuronide and their aglycones from an aqueous extract of Scutellariae Radix in the rat. Cai, Y; Li, S; Li, T; Wai, AT; Yan, R; Zhou, R, 2016)	0.74
" Hence, the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model was introduced in the present study, aiming to link the pharmacokinetic profiles with the therapeutic outcomes of QKLI, and subsequently to provide valuable guidelines for the rational use of QKLI in clinical settings."	( Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling to Study the Antipyretic Effect of Qingkailing Injection on Pyrexia Model Rats. Gao, X; Lu, Z; Peng, L; Qin, L; Song, Y; Wang, Q; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Z, 2016)	0.43
" In addition, baicalin contains a glucuronide moiety in its structure, by which baicalin and baicalein show complex pharmacokinetic behaviors, due to the interconversion between them by phase II enzymes in the body."	( Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Baicalin-Induced Drug Interaction and Its Pharmacokinetics. Jeong, HG; Jeong, KS; Jeong, TC; Kang, MJ; Kang, W; Kang, Y; Lee, S; Nepal, MR; Noh, K; Oh, DG, 2016)	1.08
"The method was proved to be accurate and specific and was applied to a pharmacokinetic study of baicalein in healthy volunteers under both fasted and fed states."	( Simultaneous Determination of Baicalein and Baicalin in Human Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatograph-Tandem Spectrometry and its Application in a Food-Effect Pharmacokinetic Study. Cao, G; Cheng, G; Dong, F; Du, G; He, G; Hu, X; Li, M; Li, Y; Pang, H; Shi, A; Xiao, W; Xue, W; Yan, B, 2016)	0.7
" However, its rapid elimination half-life in plasma and poor water solubility limits its clinical efficacy."	( Baicalin-loaded PEGylated lipid nanoparticles: characterization, pharmacokinetics, and protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia in rats. Pan, J; Wang, J; Zhang, S, 2016)	1.88
" The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviors of BN-PEG-NLC or BN-NLC were evaluated in acute MI rats."	( Baicalin-loaded PEGylated lipid nanoparticles: characterization, pharmacokinetics, and protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia in rats. Pan, J; Wang, J; Zhang, S, 2016)	1.88
" Then, by conducting hypothalamus metabolomics studies, 14 metabolites were screened as the potential biomarkers that related to the antipyretic mechanisms of QKLI and were used as its pharmacodynamic surrogate indices."	( An integrated strategy by using target tissue metabolomics biomarkers as pharmacodynamic surrogate indices to screen antipyretic components of Qingkaikling injection. Fu, S; Gao, X; Huang, Z; Liu, H; Liu, Y; Lu, F; Wang, M; Xie, Z; Yu, H; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhao, H, 2017)	0.46
" The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of compatibility of Rhubarb and Radix scutellariae on the pharmacokinetic behaviors of anthraquinones and flavonoids in rat plasma."	( The Influence of Compatibility of Rhubarb and Radix Scutellariae on the Pharmacokinetics of Anthraquinones and Flavonoids in Rat Plasma. Song, R; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2018)	0.48
"Compatibility of Rhubarb and Radix scutellariae can significantly affect the pharmacokinetic behaviors of characteristic constituents of the two herbs."	( The Influence of Compatibility of Rhubarb and Radix Scutellariae on the Pharmacokinetics of Anthraquinones and Flavonoids in Rat Plasma. Song, R; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2018)	0.48
" The aim of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of baicalin in rats with 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis (IC) based on its choleretic effects."	( Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Baicalin in Rats with 17α-ethynyl-estradiol-induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis. Lei, K; Liu, D; Xiang, D; Xu, YJ; Yang, JY; Zhang, CL, 2018)	0.99
" Baicalin displays a distinct pharmacokinetic profile including gastrointestinal hydrolysis, enterohepatic recycling, carrier-mediated transport, and complicated metabolism."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability Enhancement of Baicalin: A Review. Huang, T; Liu, Y; Zhang, C, 2019)	1.67
" In the antibiotic-pretreated rats, the plasma concentration-time profile and pharmacokinetic parameters of the two flavonoid glycosides and their relevant aglycone forms were significantly changed compared with those in normal rats."	( Effects of Intestinal Microecology on Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Wogonoside and Baicalin. Li, X; Peng, Y; Wang, M; Xing, S, 2017)	0.67
" Herein, we evaluated the effect of a single intravenous PEG400 administration on the BG levels of rats using pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies."	( Effect of polyethylene glycol 400 on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of baicalin by intravenous injection based on the enzyme activity of UGT1A8/1A9. Cao, SY; Gao, XL; Meng, XX; Shang, LY; Wang, PJ; Yang, QM; Zhang, M; Zhang, S; Zhou, MH, 2023)	1.13

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The aim of the present study is to compare the metabolites of baicalin in rats when orally administered with SHL and Radix scutellariae, and try to explore the principle of SHL compatibility."	( Comparison of the metabolism of baicalin in rats orally administered with Radix scutellariae extract and Shuang-Huang-Lian extract. Di, B; Feng, NP; Liu, WY, 2005)	0.85
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."	( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions. Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)	0.38
" This method was successfully applied to the drug interaction study of Shuang-huang-lian freeze-dried powder combined with levofloxacin injection after intravenous administration to rats."	( Development of an LC-MS method for determination of three active constituents of Shuang-huang-lian injection in rat plasma and its application to the drug interaction study of Shuang-huang-lian freeze-dried powder combined with levofloxacin injection. Bi, K; Chen, X; Geng, L; Liu, Z; Song, X; Ye, J; Zhao, X, 2012)	0.38
"To investigate the mechanisms of baicalin on anti-cerebral ischemic through observing the effect of baicalin on human brain microvascular endothelial cell under the glucose deprivation combined with hypoxia condition."	( [The effect of baicalin on human brain microvascular endothelial cell under the glucose deprivation combined with hypoxia condition]. Li, ZH; Liang, JQ; Lv, ZM; Xing, ZJ; Xu, HB; Zhang, ZQ, 2013)	1.02
"Baicalin could improve the cell viability of HBMVECs under the glucose deprivation combined with hypoxia condition."	( [The effect of baicalin on human brain microvascular endothelial cell under the glucose deprivation combined with hypoxia condition]. Li, ZH; Liang, JQ; Lv, ZM; Xing, ZJ; Xu, HB; Zhang, ZQ, 2013)	2.19
"Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometrics was used to analyze the main active ingredients including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, luteoloside, baicalin, ursodesoxycholic acid, and chenodeoxycholic acid in the Tanreqing injection."	( Rapid analysis of the Tanreqing injection by near-infrared spectroscopy combined with least squares support vector machine and Gaussian process modeling techniques. Li, W; Liu, S; Pan, J; Qu, H; Xue, D; Yan, X, 2019)	0.71
" The purpose of this study was to observe the neuroprotective effect of LITUS combined with Baicalin intervention in the TBI rats."	( Neuroprotective effects of low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation combined with Baicalin intervention on traumatic brain injury in animals. Cheng, Y; Huang, Y; Liu, L; Liu, X; Peng, Y; Zhang, H; Zhao, Y; Zhao, Z, 2021)	1.06

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These results indicate that baicalin itself is poorly absorbed from the rat gut, but is hydrolysed to baicalein by intestinal bacteria and then restored to its original form from the absorbed baicalein in the body."	( Baicalin, the predominant flavone glucuronide of scutellariae radix, is absorbed from the rat gastrointestinal tract as the aglycone and restored to its original form. Akao, T; Ishihara, K; Kawabata, K; Kobashi, K; Mizuhara, Y; Sakashita, Y; Wakui, Y; Yanagisawa, E, 2000)	2.04
"B was well absorbed and extensively metabolized to baicalin (BG), baicalein-7-O-beta-glucuronide, in rat intestinal perfusion model, whereas less extent of metabolism was observed in the Caco-2 cell monolayer model."	( Role of intestinal first-pass metabolism of baicalein in its absorption process. Chang, Q; Lin, G; Zhang, L; Zuo, Z, 2005)	0.58
" The result showed that BG was moderately absorbed in stomach but poorly in small intestine and colon, while B was well absorbed in stomach and small intestine but relatively less in colon."	( Investigation of the absorption mechanisms of baicalin and baicalein in rats. Taiming, L; Xuehua, J, 2006)	0.59
"Baicalin is moderately absorbed in stomach and poorly in small intestine and colon; Baicalein is well absorbed in stomach and small intestine but worse in colon, suggesting that the former is more suitable to be administered orally."	( [Studies on the absorption kinetics of baicalin and baicalein in rats' stomachs and intestines]. Jiang, XH; Liu, TM, 2006)	2.05
" The results showed that CC may decrease the bioavailability of baicalin and wogonoside in RS and the mechanism was related to CC decreasing the transport of flavonoid aglycones from the mucosa side to the serosal side and the hydrolyzation of flavonoids by inhibiting intestinal flora."	( Influence of coptis Chinensis on pharmacokinetics of flavonoids after oral administration of radix Scutellariae in rats. Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Ma, Y; Shi, R; Wang, C; Wang, T; Zhou, H, 2009)	0.59
"The dispersible tablets dissolve faster and disperse uniformly and the dissolution percent in vitro is obviously superior to the conventional tablets, improving the bioavailability of the preparation."	( [Preparation and quality evaluation of fufangxiaoyepipa dispersible tablets]. Jiao, HS; Li, LL; Yang, XY; Zhao, P, 2010)	0.36
"SLN can be used as a carrier to enhance ocular bioavailability of baicalin."	( Preparation and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles of baicalin for ocular drug delivery system in vitro and in vivo. Li, J; Li, L; Li, N; Liu, R; Liu, Z; Shu, L; Wu, H; Zhang, X, 2011)	0.85
"To improve dissolution and bioavailability of baicalin in solid prescription and screen the prescription of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems of baicalin."	( [Prescription design and dissolution evaluation of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems of baicalin]. Luo, XQ; Yang, JQ, 2010)	0.84
"Baicalin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cataract effects on eye tissues, but it has a low bioavailability partly due to its poor stability of baicalin, the special anatomic structure and efficient protective mechanism of eyes."	( Design and evaluation of baicalin-containing in situ pH-triggered gelling system for sustained ophthalmic drug delivery. Li, J; Li, L; Li, N; Liu, Z; Pan, H; Peng, J; Wu, H, 2011)	2.12
" Apparent permeability values (Papp) and absorption rate constant (Ka) of baicalin in the duodenum increased gradually with higher concentrations."	( [The enhancing effect of Angelica dahurica extracts on absorption of baicalin--the active composition of Scutellaria]. Cao, YC; Chen, XL; Liang, XL; Liao, ZG; Wang, GF; Yang, M; Zhao, GW; Zhu, JY, 2011)	0.83
" The absorption rate constant K(a) and the hourly absorption percentages A were essentially unchanged."	( [Study on in situ intestinal absorption of active ingredients in Shuanghuanglian oral liquid in rats]. Bi, X; Chen, L; Di, L; Du, Q; Zhou, W, 2011)	0.37
" The absolute bioavailability of baicalein in different doses was ranged from 13."	( Pharmacokinetic study of baicalein after oral administration in monkeys. Du, G; He, G; Song, J; Tian, S; Wang, S; Xin, W; Zhang, D, 2012)	0.38
" Partition coefficients (n-octanol/water) determination demonstrated 12-20 times larger partition coefficient of each complex (1, 2) than that of each single compound (baicalin, wogonoside, and berberine), indicating the significant role of the formation of the complex in the bioavailability enhancement of these pharmacologically active constituents."	( Formation and conformation of baicalin-berberine and wogonoside-berberine complexes. Jiang, ZH; Kouno, I; Tanaka, T; Wang, JR; Zhang, H, 2012)	0.86
"To study the absorption of baicalin (BA), baicalin-phospholipid complex (BA-PC), and two kinds of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of BA-PC (BA-PC-NE-SMEDDS with natural emulsifier and BA-PC-NS-SMEDDS with nonionic surfactants) and predict the ability of improving bioavailability through changing the formulation of BA."	( [Drug delivery systems of baicalin, baicalin-phospholipid complex and self-microemulsifying drug across Caco-2 cell model]. Chen, L; Huang, SH; Long, XY; Pan, SJ; Wu, HY, 2012)	0.98
" An HPLC method was employed to determine the concentration of baicalin in plasma, and the bioavailability of the nanocrystal was compared with the reference group by oral administration in Wistar rats."	( [Preparation of baicalin nanocrystal pellets and preliminary study on its pharmacokinetics]. Bai, JX; Han, J; Jin, SX; Jin, SY; Lv, QY; Yuan, HL, 2013)	0.98
"Baicalin nanocrystal can significantly improve the bioavailability of baicalin."	( [Preparation of baicalin nanocrystal pellets and preliminary study on its pharmacokinetics]. Bai, JX; Han, J; Jin, SX; Jin, SY; Lv, QY; Yuan, HL, 2013)	2.18
"The objective of this study was to prepare baicalin solid nanocrystals (BCN-SNS) to enhance oral bioavailability of baicalin."	( Process optimization and evaluation of novel baicalin solid nanocrystals. Li, Y; Wan, J; Wang, CH; Wang, Y; Yang, M; Yuan, HL; Yue, PF; Zhu, WF, 2013)	0.91
"Baicalin-polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate was prepared with the aim of improving the dissolution and bioavailability of the baicalin."	( Dissolution and pharmacokinetics of baicalin-polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate. Guo, Y; He, M; Ji, P; Li, B; Li, F; Li, S; Li, W; Li, Y; Luo, Z; Wang, B; Zang, C, 2013)	2.11
" Compared with the baicalin API capsules, the relative bioavailability of the coprecipitate capsules was 338."	( Dissolution and pharmacokinetics of baicalin-polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate. Guo, Y; He, M; Ji, P; Li, B; Li, F; Li, S; Li, W; Li, Y; Luo, Z; Wang, B; Zang, C, 2013)	0.99
" The aim of this study was to explore whether ursodeoxycholic acid, an NF-E2-related factor 2 activator, could influence the oral bioavailability of baicalin."	( Ursodeoxycholic acid pretreatment reduces oral bioavailability of the multiple drug resistance-associated protein 2 substrate baicalin in rats. Du, G; Li, XP; Liu, D; Wu, T; Xu, YJ, 2013)	0.8
"To improve the absorption and bioavailability of baicalin using a nanocrystal (or nanosuspension) drug delivery system."	( Characterization and evaluation in vivo of baicalin-nanocrystals prepared by an ultrasonic-homogenization-fluid bed drying method. Chen, HG; Hai-Long, Y; Jin, H; Jin-Xia, B; Qing-Yuan, L; Rui-Sheng, L; Shi-Xiao, J; Shi-Ying, J; Wei, W, 2014)	0.92
" Furthermore, in situ intestine single-pass perfusion experiments and pharmacokinetics in rats were performed to make a comparison between the microcrystals of baicalin and pure baicalin in their absorption properties and bioavailability in vivo."	( Characterization and evaluation in vivo of baicalin-nanocrystals prepared by an ultrasonic-homogenization-fluid bed drying method. Chen, HG; Hai-Long, Y; Jin, H; Jin-Xia, B; Qing-Yuan, L; Rui-Sheng, L; Shi-Xiao, J; Shi-Ying, J; Wei, W, 2014)	0.86
" In addition, after oral administration to rats, the particle size decrease from the micron to nanometer range exhibited much higher in vivo bioavailability (with the AUC(0-t) value of 206."	( Characterization and evaluation in vivo of baicalin-nanocrystals prepared by an ultrasonic-homogenization-fluid bed drying method. Chen, HG; Hai-Long, Y; Jin, H; Jin-Xia, B; Qing-Yuan, L; Rui-Sheng, L; Shi-Xiao, J; Shi-Ying, J; Wei, W, 2014)	0.67
"The nanocrystal drug delivery system using an ultrasonic-homogenization-fluid bed drying process is able to improve the absorption and in vivo bioavailability of baicalin, compared with pure baicalin coarse powder and micronized baicalin."	( Characterization and evaluation in vivo of baicalin-nanocrystals prepared by an ultrasonic-homogenization-fluid bed drying method. Chen, HG; Hai-Long, Y; Jin, H; Jin-Xia, B; Qing-Yuan, L; Rui-Sheng, L; Shi-Xiao, J; Shi-Ying, J; Wei, W, 2014)	0.86
" Intestinal bacteria from pathological state mice produced more baicalein, which was well absorbed contributing to the treatment of type 2 diabetes."	( Comparative metabolism of Radix scutellariae extract by intestinal bacteria from normal and type 2 diabetic mice in vitro. Du, L; Duan, JA; Guo, J; Jiang, S; Qian, D; Shang, EX; Xu, J; Zhao, M, 2014)	0.4
" Meanwhile, the biotransformation of baicalin and baicalein and the relevant approaches to improve their bioavailability are also summarized."	( Exploring therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein for hematological malignancies. Chen, B; Chen, H; Chen, Y; Gao, Y; Hu, J; Wu, J; Zhou, J, 2014)	0.95
" In conclusion, OX26-PEG-CSLN improved uptake of baicalin across the BBB into the brain, and elevated bioavailability of baicalin in cerebral spinal fluid of rats under the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury."	( Effect of Baicalin-loaded PEGylated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles modified by OX26 antibody on regulating the levels of baicalin and amino acids during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Gu, X; Guo, L; He, Q; Liu, X; Liu, Z; Okeke, CI; Tong, L; Yang, H; Zhang, L; Zhang, Q; Zhao, H, 2015)	1.07
"Baicalein, the aglycone formed by hydrolysis of baicalin in the intestine, is well absorbed by passive diffusion but subjected to extensive intestinal glucuronidation."	( Multiple ABC Transporters Efflux Baicalin. Antal, I; Fekete, Z; Jani, M; Kalapos-Kovács, B; Klebovich, I; Krajcsi, P; Magda, B; Szabó, PT, 2015)	0.95
"Novel baicalin-loaded PEGylated nanostructured lipid carriers (BN-PEG-NLC) were developed to improve bioavailability of BN, to prolong retention time in vivo and to enhance its protective effect."	( Baicalin-loaded PEGylated lipid nanoparticles: characterization, pharmacokinetics, and protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia in rats. Pan, J; Wang, J; Zhang, S, 2016)	2.36
" However, their poor solubility and low oral bioavailability severely limited the clinical application."	( Exploring the chemopreventive properties and perspectives of baicalin and its aglycone baicalein in solid tumors. Dong, JC; Gong, WY; Liu, BJ; Lu, LW; Zhao, ZX, 2017)	0.7
" However, their intrinsic poor solubility and low bioavailability severely limit their biomedical applications."	( Nanoparticle-encapsulated baicalein markedly modulates pro-inflammatory response in gingival epithelial cells. Jin, L; Leung, KC; Leung, PC; Li, X; Luo, W; Ng, TW; Zhang, C, 2017)	0.46
" However, baicalin's low bioavailability has restricted its clinical application."	( [Advance in studies on pharmacokinetics of baicalin]. Du, R; Li, JM; Shi, K; Wang, H; Zeng, FL; Zhou, HC; Zong, Y, 2018)	1.15
" In vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) studies were carried out using a rabbit model to study the ability of drug-loaded Ch/GP thermosensitive hydrogels to control the absorption rate and improve the bioavailability of BG."	( Thermogelling Platform for Baicalin Delivery for Versatile Biomedical Applications. Ahmed, IS; Haider, M; Hassan, MA; Shamma, R, 2018)	0.78
" Due to its low bioavailability, emerging novel baicalin preparations including nano/micro-scale baicalin delivery systems show better absorption and higher bioavailability in preclinical studies, and show promise for future clinical applications."	( Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability Enhancement of Baicalin: A Review. Huang, T; Liu, Y; Zhang, C, 2019)	1.02
"Multiple doses of BG decreased the oral bioavailability of CsA in rats significantly, which may be mainly attributable to inhibition of absorption of CsA in intestine and induction of P-gp."	( Baicalin reduces ciclosporin bioavailability by inducing intestinal p-glycoprotein in rats. Chang, Y; Liu, R; Tian, X; Wang, L; Wei, J; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2019)	1.96
" The intestinal absorption study indicated that geniposide was an absorption-enhancer for baicalin and significantly increased the absorption rate constant value and the apparent absorption constant value of baicalin, especially in duodenum and jejunum when the compatibility concentrations were 1:1 and 1:2."	( Enhancement effect of geniposide on solubility and intestinal absorption of baicalin. Cai, Z; Ding, Y; Huang, T; Jin, M; Zhang, T, 2019)	0.96
" However, the characteristic of poor solubility and low bioavailability greatly limits its application."	( Baicalin and its nanoliposomes ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via suppression of TLR4 signaling cascade in mice. Gong, X; Hu, J; Kuang, G; Liu, J; Wan, J; Wu, S; Yin, X; Yuan, Y; Zhang, L; Zhang, X; Zhou, Q, 2020)	2
" However, low bioavailability restricts the clinical application of BA."	( Activating caspase-8/Bid/ROS signaling to promote apoptosis of breast cancer cells by folate-modified albumin baicalin-loaded nanoparticles. Cai, T; Cai, Y; Kong, Z; Lan, M; Li, L; Liu, F; Tian, H; Zou, T, 2022)	0.93
"Baicalin (BAN) has attracted widespread attention due to its low-toxicity and efficient antitumor activity, but its poor water solubility and low bioavailability severely limit its clinical application."	( Folic Acid Decorated Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF-8) Loaded with Baicalin as a Nano-Drug Delivery System for Breast Cancer Therapy. Chang, X; Chen, X; Dong, M; Hu, M; Lu, J; Mi, X; Yang, Z; Zhan, X, 2021)	2.3
" Here, we optimized a nanocarrier formulation of neuroprotective agents that can be used for nose-to-brain delivery by obtaining RVG29 peptide-modified polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles (PEG-PLGA RNPs) that have physicochemical properties that lead to stable and sustained drug release and thereby improve the bioavailability of neuroprotective agents."	( Preparation of baicalin-loaded ligand-modified nanoparticles for nose-to-brain delivery for neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia. Li, S; Li, T; Li, X; Ma, C; Yang, L, 2022)	1.07
" However, with regard to certain factors involving unsatisfactory aqueous solubility and low bioavailability associated with its clinical application, there is need for continuous researches by scientist."	( Baicalin-berberine complex nanocrystals orally promote the co-absorption of two components. Dang, W; Feng, X; Li, Z; Liu, R; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Nwafor, EO; Pi, J; Wang, J; Yu, C; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2022)	2.16
" However, given the extremely low solubility of BA, its bioavailability for oral absorptions is also low."	( Baicalin/ambroxol hydrochloride combined dry powder inhalation formulation targeting lung delivery for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Fabrication, characterization, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Deng, X; Guo, P; He, J; Jia, B; Li, J; Liu, Z; Peng, H; Pi, J; Qi, D; Zhang, Y, 2023)	2.35

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The method was applied to determine the time course of baicalin in rat thalamus, following a single dosage of intravenous administration of Scutellariae radix extract at 90 mg/kg of baicalin to male Wistar rats."	( A chromatographic method for baicalin quantification in rat thalamus. Ding, Y; Du, L; Wang, R; Wang, X; Xing, D; Zhang, L, 2005)	0.87
" By using LC-MS(n) and HPLC-DAD, the metabolites of baicalin were analyzed from bile, urine and feces of rats dosed with SHL and RS."	( Comparison of the metabolism of baicalin in rats orally administered with Radix scutellariae extract and Shuang-Huang-Lian extract. Di, B; Feng, NP; Liu, WY, 2005)	0.86
" All these pharmacokinetic data of baicalin in blood and cerebral nuclei would be useful to the dosage regime design when baicalin, Scutellariae Radix extract or the prescriptions containing Scutellariae Radix as the main ingredient are prescribed."	( Kinetic difference of baicalin in rat blood and cerebral nuclei after intravenous administration of Scutellariae Radix extract. Du, L; Wang, R; Wang, W; Xing, D; Zhang, L, 2006)	0.93
" We have demonstrated from a rat model that intestinal beta-glucuronidase may play a key role in the development of CPT-11-induced delayed diarrhea by the deconjugation of the luminal SN-38 glucuronide, and the elimination of the intestinal microflora by antibiotics or dosing of TJ-14, a Kampo medicine that contains beta-glucuronidase inhibitor baicalin, exerted a protective effect."	( Optimal antidiarrhea treatment for antitumor agent irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11)-induced delayed diarrhea. Hagiwara, T; Kamataki, T; Kumazawa, E; Nagai, E; Onose, S; Takasuna, K; Watanabe, K; Yoshida, S, 2006)	0.5
" The mixture of BA, BE, GL and GS (4M), each of BE, GL and GS at the dosage corresponded to HST (125 mg/kg) also suppressed the ethanol-induced gastric lesion in rats, but BA did not."	( Pharmacological properties of traditional medicine (XXXII): protective effects of hangeshashinto and the combinations of its major constituents on gastric lesions in rats. Fujimura, Y; Kano, Y; Kawashima, K; Makino, T, 2006)	0.33
"According to the fertilization mathematic model, the optimum fertilization dosage should be primarily defined as N: 22."	( [Effects of N P K on yield and baicalin contents of Scutellaria baicalensis]. Liu, Y; Wang, JY; Wang, WQ; Zhang, Y, 2007)	0.63
"Different dosage volatile oil had no acute toxicity, irritation or hypersensitive effects."	( [Study on skin toxicology and penetration enhancement of skin absorption of volatile oil extracted from tender branchers of Camellia oleifera]. Long, ZH; Yang, XZ; Yang, ZC, 2007)	0.34
"00 mg/kg according to body weight), the pure baicalin subgroup received a gavages at a dosage of baicalin 400."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of baicalin in plasma after oral administration of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang or pure baicalin in MCAO and sham-operated rats. Guo, LW; Pan, LM; Zeng, MF; Zhang, QC; Zhu, HX, 2010)	0.9
" This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of flavonoids and their metabolites in rats after repeated dosing of a SR decoction."	( Flavonoid pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after repeated dosing of the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis in rats. Chang, YC; Chao, PD; Hou, YC; Ko, MH; Lin, SP; Tsai, SY, 2011)	0.37
" In vivo, mice were exposed to smoke of 15 cigarettes for 1 h/day, 6 days/week for 3 months and dosed with baicalin (25, 50 and 100mg/kg) or dexamethasone (1mg/kg)."	( Baicalin is anti-inflammatory in cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory models in vivo and in vitro: A possible role for HDAC2 activity. Bao, H; Dong, J; Duan, X; Gong, W; Li, L; Liu, B; Luo, Q; Lv, Y; Sun, J; Wu, J; Wu, X; Zhang, H, 2012)	2.03
" Pretreatment of carrageenan-induced hyperalgesic animals with UP446 at 150 mg/kg oral dosage reduced the hypersensitivity of pain by 39."	( Analgesic effects of a standardized bioflavonoid composition from Scutellaria baicalensis and Acacia catechu. Brownell, L; Hodges, M; Jia, Q; Yimam, M, 2012)	0.38
" This study is to obtain an effective extended release formulation using pseudoephedrine and KOB extracts to reduce side effects of drug due to repeated dosing and improve the compliance of patients for treatment of rhinitis and nasal decongestion."	( A stable fixed-dose combination tablet of pseudoephedrine and KOB extracts for the extended release. Cho, CW; Hwang, CJ; Jung, HW; Kang, JS; Kim, YH; Park, MH; Park, YK, 2013)	0.39
" The concentration-time profiles of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A and glycyrrhizic acid showed double-peak phenomenon after Huangqin Tang was orally administered at 40 g x kg(-1) dose; all eight constituents in rat plasma showed good dose-exposure relationship within the dosage of 10-40 g x kg(-1); although plasma concentrations were different, the flavonoids with the same backbone showed the similar fate in the body with the corresponding dosage."	( [LC-MS quantification and pharmacokinetics of the multi-constituents of Huangqin Tang in rat plasma after different single oral doses]. Chen, L; Li, T; Liang, RX; Wang, YL; Wang, YW; Yang, WP; Zhang, D; Zhang, HH; Zhou, ZM, 2013)	0.66
"0) mg/L, T(1/2) increased by 116 and 96%, V(d) increased by 51 and 49% for total theophylline in rats treated with dosage regimen A and B of baicalin, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetic changes of unbound theophylline are due to plasma protein binding displacement and CYP1A2 activity inhibition by baicalin in rats. Fang, Y; Gao, N; Jia, LJ; Jin, H; Qi, B; Qiao, HL, 2013)	0.8
" Interestingly, the entire dose-response curves of berberine shifted down in the presence of 100μmol/L baicalin, and baicalin antagonised the effect of berberine on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes."	( Interaction of baicalin with berberine for glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes. Liu, YH; Tu, J; Tu, XY; Wang, YS; Xu, GL; Yu, RY; Zhang, CH, 2014)	0.97
" Allergic-induced condition did not affect the pharmacokinetics of KOB extracts, suggesting KOB extracts did not require dosage adjustment in subjects with allergic-induced diseases."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of a marker compound, baicalin in KOB extract after oral administration to normal and allergic-induced rats. Baek, JS; Cho, CW; Hwang, CJ; Jung, HW; Kang, JS; Kim, YH; Park, YK, 2014)	0.65
" Which indicates that BMC restrain cell proliferation and cell apoptosis by stopping cell cycle, reducing the expression of Bcl-2 and increasing that of Bax; The anti-tumor activities of three kinds of complexes were: baicalin-copper (BC-Cu) > baicalin-cobalt (BC-Co) > baicalin-nickel (BC-Ni) > baicalin (BC), showing the dose-response relationship."	( [Synthesis and anti-tumor activity of baicalin-metal complex]. Gao, XY; Guo, M; Wang, CG; Wu, ZL, 2014)	0.86
" The maximum concentration that the drug achieved after dosing (Cmax), time to Cmax (Tmax), terminal half-life (t₁/₂), area under the curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable concentration (AUC(0, t)), area under the curve from time zero to infinity (AUC(0, ∞)), apparent total plasma clearance (CL/F), and apparent total volume of distribution (V/F) were determined using non-compartmental models."	( Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a single ascending dose of baicalein chewable tablets in healthy subjects. Cao, G; Dong, F; Du, G; He, G; Hu, X; Li, K; Li, M; Li, Y; Pang, H; Shi, A; Xiao, W; Xue, W; Yan, B, 2014)	0.4
" The pharmacokinetic profiles provide constructive information for the dosage regimen of herbal medicine and also contribute to elucidate the absorption mechanism in herbal applications and pharmacological experiments."	( Determination and pharmacokinetic study of gentiopicroside, geniposide, baicalin, and swertiamarin in Chinese herbal formulae after oral administration in rats by LC-MS/MS. Lin, LC; Lu, CM; Tsai, TH, 2014)	0.63
" The first group was dosed with borneol (0."	( Combined use of borneol or menthol with labrasol promotes penetration of baicalin through rabbit cornea in vitro. Bai, J; Cui, H; Huang, L; Liu, J; Yang, H, 2015)	0.65
" Based on the numerous advantages of oral administration, such as cost-effectiveness, flexible and accommodated dosing regimen, and improved compliance for patients, the ST-P123-MMs system would be evaluated as oral delivery vehicle of BC."	( In vitro and in vivo study of Baicalin-loaded mixed micelles for oral delivery. Jiao, Y; Liu, J; Yang, X; Zhai, G; Zhang, H; Zhao, L, 2016)	0.72
" In this study, when a SR extract was orally dosed to rats (800mg/kg, equivalent to BG 324."	( Oral pharmacokinetics of baicalin, wogonoside, oroxylin A 7-O-β-d-glucuronide and their aglycones from an aqueous extract of Scutellariae Radix in the rat. Cai, Y; Li, S; Li, T; Wai, AT; Yan, R; Zhou, R, 2016)	0.74
" The findings obtained would provide fundamental information to propose a more reasonable dosage regimen and improve the level of individualized drug therapy in clinical settings."	( Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling to Study the Antipyretic Effect of Qingkailing Injection on Pyrexia Model Rats. Gao, X; Lu, Z; Peng, L; Qin, L; Song, Y; Wang, Q; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Z, 2016)	0.43
" Hence, rationalising dosage and diet regimens should be taken into account in clinical application of PMT."	( Studies on the interaction between promethazine and human serum albumin in the presence of flavonoids by spectroscopic and molecular modeling techniques. Gao, YP; He, LL; Liu, B; Liu, XP; Wang, X; Wang, YX; Wang, ZX; Yang, YJ, 2016)	0.43
" In addition, quantitative PCR array including 84 angiogenesis related genes was used to detect high and low dosage of baicalin and baicalein responsive genes."	( Dose Dependent Dual Effect of Baicalin and Herb Huang Qin Extract on Angiogenesis. He, J; Lawless, J; Wang, S; Zheng, Z; Zhu, D, 2016)	0.93
" BLIN stimulated total anti-DHAV-1 antibody secretion in ducklings at the dosage of 4 mg per duckling, but did not stimulate IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion significantly."	( Anti-DHAV-1 reproduction and immuno-regulatory effects of a flavonoid prescription on duck virus hepatitis. Chen, Y; Hu, Y; Liu, J; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Yang, J; Yao, F; Zeng, L, 2017)	0.46
" The dosage adjustment and blood concentration monitoring of CsA may be required in clinic."	( Baicalin reduces ciclosporin bioavailability by inducing intestinal p-glycoprotein in rats. Chang, Y; Liu, R; Tian, X; Wang, L; Wei, J; Zhang, J; Zhang, X, 2019)	1.96
"The aim of this study was to evaluate potential pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution and excretion interactions between ACW and SBG, and to provide useful information for the development of suitable dosage forms and clinical applications."	( Simultaneous determinations of four major bioactive components in Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts by LC-MS/MS: Application to its herb-herb interactions based on pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution and excretion st Gai, S; Jing, J; Liu, X; Mi, L; Shen, X; Wang, L; Wang, Q; Zhang, S, 2019)	0.51
" coli in chicken and provided scientific basis for further dose-response and drug-target interaction studies."	( Baicalin inhibits inflammation caused by coinfection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia coli involving IL-17 signaling pathway. Fan, Q; Ishfaq, M; Li, J; Miao, Y; Tian, E; Wu, Z, 2020)	2
" Furthermore, it displayed obvious effect on myocardial ischemia diseases when the dose is maintained at 100-150 mg/kg based on dosage analyses."	( Evidence construction of baicalin for treating myocardial ischemia diseases: A preclinical meta-analysis. Chen, T; Guo, X; Hu, C; Hu, S; Jiang, L; Luo, Y; Ma, S; Ma, X; Yan, Q; Yang, F; Yuan, L; Zeng, J; Zhou, C, 2022)	1.02
"We highlight emerging literature that the application in livestock health and performance, the biological activities, the molecular mechanisms and the dosage forms of baicalin by analysing and summarising the main points of the cited literatures."	( Research progress on pharmacological effects and new dosage forms of baicalin. Bao, M; Ju, X; Liang, M; Liu, X; Ma, Y; Sun, X; Yong, Y, 2022)	1.15
" Baicalin has a strong anti-inflammatory effect by regulating TLR4-NFκB-MAPK signalling pathway; it also can reduce oxidative stress by regulating Nrf2-Keap1 pathway; it can inhabit many kinds of virus such as influenza virus, respiratory virus, hepacivirus and others; it can also inhibit the growth of tumour cells by blocking the cell cycle or inducing apoptosis; and new dosage forms such as cationic solid lipid nanoparticles, cyclodextrin inclusion complexes or nanocrystalline can be applied to improve the deficiency of baicalin."	( Research progress on pharmacological effects and new dosage forms of baicalin. Bao, M; Ju, X; Liang, M; Liu, X; Ma, Y; Sun, X; Yong, Y, 2022)	1.87
"In summary, these studies have elucidated a comprehensive report on the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-virus and anti-tumour of baicalin, these findings thus indicated that baicalin can be used effectively to the field of animal production in future when the appropriate dosage form is determined."	( Research progress on pharmacological effects and new dosage forms of baicalin. Bao, M; Ju, X; Liang, M; Liu, X; Ma, Y; Sun, X; Yong, Y, 2022)	1.16
"0 software) was used for statistical analysis, including a 3D analysis of the effects of dosage frequency of baicalin in LI and IPF."	( Protective role of baicalin in the dynamic progression of lung injury to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A meta-analysis. Feng, W; Guo, X; Hu, S; Jiang, J; Kao, TC; Li, Y; Ma, X; Zeng, J, 2023)	1.45
" Histopathological analysis of lung tissue validated the regulatory effects of baicalin, and the 3D analysis of dosage frequency revealed that the effective dose of baicalin is 10-200 mg/kg."	( Protective role of baicalin in the dynamic progression of lung injury to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A meta-analysis. Feng, W; Guo, X; Hu, S; Jiang, J; Kao, TC; Li, Y; Ma, X; Zeng, J, 2023)	1.47

Role	Description
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug	An anti-inflammatory drug that is not a steroid. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions. They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins.
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor	Any EC 3.4.21.* (serine endopeptidase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of prolyl oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26).
prodrug	A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
plant metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
ferroptosis inhibitor	Any substance that inhibits the process of ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides) in organisms.
neuroprotective agent	Any compound that can be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
antineoplastic agent	A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
cardioprotective agent	Any protective agent that is able to prevent damage to the heart.
antiatherosclerotic agent	A cardiovascular drug that prevents atherosclerosis (a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque). Compare with antiatherogenic agent.
antioxidant	A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor	A DNA polymerase inhibitor that interferes with the action of a RNA-directed RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.48).
anticoronaviral agent	Any antiviral agent which inhibits the activity of coronaviruses.
antibacterial agent	A substance (or active part thereof) that kills or slows the growth of bacteria.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
glucosiduronic acid	Any substance produced by linking glucuronic acid to another substance via a glycosidic bond.
glycosyloxyflavone	A member of the class of flavones having one or more glycosyl residues attached at unspecified positions.
dihydroxyflavone	Any hydroxyflavone in which two ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy substituents.
monosaccharide derivative	A carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a monosaccharide.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0009	0.8954	5.6234	AID72729
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0009	0.8954	5.6234	AID72729
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	3.1900	0.0031	2.1602	9.6000	AID1515259; AID1678896; AID1767146
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	14.3600	0.0004	1.3452	10.0000	AID365954
Trypsin-1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0035	1.5321	10.0000	AID403947
Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0035	1.5846	4.4000	AID403947
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	IC50 (µMol)	6.4100	0.0040	2.9266	9.9600	AID1805801
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	IC50 (µMol)	6.4104	0.0002	2.4585	9.9600	AID1805801; AID1845236; AID1845238; AID1881713
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	14.3600	0.0013	1.4518	10.0000	AID365954
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0000	0.2108	5.6234	AID72729
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0009	0.8398	5.6234	AID72729
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0000	0.1881	9.0000	AID72729
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	225.0000	0.0001	0.4444	10.0000	AID365675
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0001	0.2076	9.0000	AID72729
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0001	0.2442	5.6234	AID72729
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0001	0.2515	5.6234	AID72729
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	200.0000	0.0005	0.4546	4.7640	AID355721
Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1,000.0000	0.0035	1.5846	4.4000	AID403947
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0001	0.2401	5.6234	AID72729
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0000	0.2832	5.6234	AID72729
Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	12.1500	0.0011	1.9896	9.7500	AID365674; AID481401
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0002	0.3709	5.6234	AID72729
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	3.6100	0.0001	0.7734	9.0000	AID1874263
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0009	0.8954	5.6234	AID72729
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0002	0.4119	9.0000	AID72729
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	7.9500	0.8400	4.9682	10.0000	AID681175
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0009	0.8954	5.6234	AID72729
Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	12.1900	0.0003	0.9634	9.8000	AID1801097
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0009	0.8954	5.6234	AID72729
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	77.6247	0.0009	0.8954	5.6234	AID72729
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	EC50 (µMol)	10.2700	0.0030	4.1105	9.8200	AID1881676
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	Kd	11.9500	2.7000	3.6500	4.6000	AID1881715; AID1881716
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein ubiquitination	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein localization	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiation	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA repair-dependent chromatin remodeling	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein demethylation	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron projection development	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebral cortex development	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron maturation	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell size	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
guanine metabolic process	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
muscle cell development	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
response to fungicide	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMP	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formation	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of stem cell proliferation	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeleton organization	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA replication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA repair	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
pronuclear fusion	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substance	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of Schwann cell differentiation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amine	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell migration	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome condensation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell differentiation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
animal organ regeneration	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to kinetochore	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replication	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of embryonic development	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to cadmium ion	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to copper ion	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic process	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to axon injury	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell division	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell development	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to organic cyclic compound	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi disassembly	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein deubiquitination	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
digestion	Trypsin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix disassembly	Trypsin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Trypsin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
digestion	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
antimicrobial humoral response	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix disassembly	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell growth	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen catabolic process	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell adhesion	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modification	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle organization	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic metaphase chromosome alignment	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell division	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cell cycle phase transition	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substance	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system neuron development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to progesterone	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
ovulation cycle	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
post-embryonic development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
adult behavior	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide hormone processing	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell costimulation	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory exploration behavior	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
psychomotor behavior	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
endothelial cell migration	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative chemotaxis	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane fusion	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
glucagon processing	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
roof of mouth development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
associative learning	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
inner ear receptor cell development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
innervation	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contraction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian rhythm	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
blood circulation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)
digestion	Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)
antimicrobial humoral response	Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)
zymogen activation	Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)
endothelial cell migration	Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inner ear receptor cell development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
innervation	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of protein localization	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic sister chromatid segregation	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of mitotic spindle orientation	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cell cycle	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cytokinesis	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule bundle formation	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle organization	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
sister chromatid cohesion	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic chromosome condensation	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
metaphase/anaphase transition of mitotic cell cycle	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome cycle	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
female meiosis chromosome segregation	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitination	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein destabilization	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytokinesis	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein binding	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
homologous chromosome segregation	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of proteolysis	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi inheritance	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear membrane disassembly	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptonemal complex disassembly	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to chromatin	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to nuclear envelope	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic spindle assembly	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein localization to cell cortex	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chloride transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cell cycle	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cytokinesis	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of B cell apoptotic process	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphorylation	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle organization	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
abscission	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein binding	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytokinesis	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokinesis	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to kinetochore	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
cleavage furrow formation	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
post-translational protein modification	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
cell cycle G2/M phase transition	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic cytokinesis checkpoint signaling	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of innate immune response	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein autophosphorylation	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle midzone assembly	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of telomerase activity	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chromosome segregation	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle assembly	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cGAS/STING signaling pathway	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic sister chromatid separation	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitotic cytokinesis	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of telomere capping	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lateral attachment of mitotic spindle microtubules to kinetochore	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle organization	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cytokinesis	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
telomeric DNA binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator activity	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor coactivator activity	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
demethylase activity	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
histone demethylase activity	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H3K4 demethylase activity	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
histone H3K9 demethylase activity	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
MRF binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear androgen receptor binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
telomeric repeat-containing RNA binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
FAD-dependent H3K4me/H3K4me3 demethylase activity	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription factor binding	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
Hsp70 protein binding	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
histone kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Trypsin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Trypsin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type peptidase activity	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
5'-3' RNA helicase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K63-linked deubiquitinase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
K48-linked deubiquitinase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA guanylyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
ISG15-specific peptidase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
5'-3' RNA helicase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
protein guanylyltransferase activity	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
patched binding	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
aminopeptidase activity	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type peptidase activity	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
dipeptidyl-peptidase activity	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
chemorepellent activity	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion binding	Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type peptidase activity	Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type peptidase activity	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
oligopeptidase activity	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion binding	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule binding	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
anaphase-promoting complex binding	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
kinase binding	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein serine kinase activity	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome, telomeric region	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA repair complex	Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome, telomeric region	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle microtubule	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
midbody	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A1-CDK1 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin A2-CDK1 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin B1-CDK1 complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Trypsin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrix	Trypsin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
blood microparticle	Trypsin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Trypsin-1	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
azurophil granule lumen	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Trypsin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane	Replicase polyprotein 1ab	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mitochondrial matrix	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle pole	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cyclin B1-CDK1 complex	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
outer kinetochore	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomal membrane	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
focal adhesion	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
endocytic vesicle	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodium membrane	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raft	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculus	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)
tertiary granule lumen	Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Trypsin-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle microtubule	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
kinetochore	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptonemal complex	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle pole	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
centriole	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeleton	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
midbody	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
centriolar satellite	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle midzone	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle pole	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
outer kinetochore	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle pole	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
kinetochore	Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellar Golgi cell to granule cell synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Homo sapiens (human)
kinetochore	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
condensed chromosome, centromeric region	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
chromocenter	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeleton	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
midbody	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome passenger complex	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle pole	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic spindle midzone	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
kinetochore	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle pole centrosome	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle microtubule	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
spindle midzone	Aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule cytoskeleton	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1273805	Inhibition of Th17 response in spleen in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in level of CD4+T cells coexpressing IL-17A at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 56 by flow cytometric analysis (	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID332931	Therapeutic index, ratio of IC50 for human H9 cells to EC50 for HIV1 3B	1994	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 57, Issue:1	Anti-AIDS agents, 10. Acacetin-7-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, an anti-HIV principle from Chrysanthemum morifolium and a structure-activity correlation with some related flavonoids.
AID1273809	Induction of Treg response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as increase in level of CD4+T cells coexpressing Foxp3 in hilar lymph node at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 28 by flow cytometric an	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1516877	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans clinical isolates after 48 hrs by checkerboard method	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 29, Issue:19	Recent advances in natural antifungal flavonoids and their derivatives.
AID1273817	Inhibition of Th1 response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in IFN-gamma mRNA expression in lung at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7 by real time RT-PCR method relative to silica-tr	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1503450	Activation of AMPK in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in PEPCK mRNA expression at 12.5 uM incubated for 24 hrs by real-time PCR method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID1850974	Binding affinity to human ILPR G4 quadruplex DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 7.4 by FRET assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1678082	Anti-ulcerative colitis activity in DSS-induced BALB/c mouse ulcerative colitis model assessed as colon length/colon weight ratio at 50 mg/kg administrated for 14 days (Rvb = 22.608 +/- 2.655 cm/g)	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID629621	Binding affinity to hen egg white lysozyme assessed as reduction in fluorescence intensity at 1 to 7 x 10'-6 M at 298 K	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Comparative studies on interactions of baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin with lysozyme.
AID629628	Binding affinity to hen egg white lysozyme at 298 K	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Comparative studies on interactions of baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin with lysozyme.
AID566735	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as decrease of serum ALT level at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID72729	Binding affinity towards benzodiazepine site in GABAA receptor	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-07, Volume: 44, Issue:12	3D-QSAR model of flavonoids binding at benzodiazepine site in GABAA receptors.
AID1364960	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for African green monkey Vero cells to IC50 for Chikungunya virus MY/065/08/FN295485	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 25, Issue:16	The medicinal chemistry of Chikungunya virus.
AID1678092	Antibacterial activity against streptococcus hemolyticus 32210 after 24 hrs by microdilution method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID1884957	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 LasB elastase at 64 to 256 ug/ml incubated for 16 hrs by elastin Congo red (ECR) assay relative to control	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 65, Issue:13	Small Carbohydrate Derivatives as Potent Antibiofilm Agents.
AID404304	Effect on human MRP2-mediated estradiol-17-beta-glucuronide transport in Sf9 cells inverted membrane vesicles relative to control	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 51, Issue:11	Prediction and identification of drug interactions with the human ATP-binding cassette transporter multidrug-resistance associated protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2).
AID1850988	Displacement of thiazole orange from human ILPR i-motif DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 5.5 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1503446	Activation of AMPK in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in AMPK phosphorylation by Western blot method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID566761	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat sham operated model assessed as decrease of mitochondrial swelling in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1503449	Activation of AKT in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in AKT phosphorylation at 12.5 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID566755	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as inhibition of degradation of IkappaB-alpha in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by Western blot analysis	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1850979	Displacement of thiazole orange from human telomeric IKF1 G4 quadruplex DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1273797	Antiinflammatory activity in C57BL/6 mouse silicosis model assessed as reduction in alveolar wall change at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7,28 and 56 by haematoxylin and eosin staining-based light microscopic analysis relative to silica-	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID381804	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells at 30 uM after 48 hrs by MTS assay	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7	Structure-activity relationship of human GLO I inhibitory natural flavonoids and their growth inhibitory effects.
AID1364959	Antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus MY/065/08/FN295485 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in virus yield after 48 hrs by titration assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 25, Issue:16	The medicinal chemistry of Chikungunya virus.
AID365678	Inhibition of human prolyl oligopeptidase at 50 uM preincubated for 5 mins	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor.
AID566758	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as decrease of caspase 8 activity in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by Western blot analysis relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1678084	Anti-ulcerative colitis activity in DSS-induced BALB/c mouse ulcerative colitis model assessed as colon length at 50 mg/kg administrated for 14 days (Rvb = 8.350 +/- 1.111 cm)	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID566745	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as decrease of serum IL-6 level at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by ELISA relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1273793	Antiinflammatory activity in C57BL/6 mouse silicosis model assessed as reduction in silica-induced accumulation of total cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7,28 and 56 by Giemsa staining method	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1678081	Anti-ulcerative colitis activity in DSS-induced BALB/c mouse ulcerative colitis model assessed as increase in cecum weight at 50 mg/kg administrated for 14 days	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID1273803	Inhibition of Th17 response in spleen in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in level of CD4+T cells coexpressing IL-17A at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7 by flow cytometric analysis (R	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID566744	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat sham operated model assessed as decrease of serum IL-6 level at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by ELISA relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1678080	Anti-ulcerative colitis activity in DSS-induced BALB/c mouse ulcerative colitis model assessed as decrease in spleen weight at 50 mg/kg administrated for 14 days	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID403947	Inhibition of trypsin-induced elevation in PAI1 production in HUVEC by ELISA	1997	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 60, Issue:6	Effects of flavonoids isolated from scutellariae radix on fibrinolytic system induced by trypsin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
AID1273811	Induction of Treg response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as increase in level of CD4+T cells coexpressing Foxp3 in spleen at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7 by flow cytometric analysis (Rvb	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID332929	Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human H9 cells assessed as inhibition of viral replication after 3 days by p24 antigen capture assay	1994	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 57, Issue:1	Anti-AIDS agents, 10. Acacetin-7-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, an anti-HIV principle from Chrysanthemum morifolium and a structure-activity correlation with some related flavonoids.
AID1273820	Inhibition of Th2 response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in GATA-3 mRNA expression in lung at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7, 56 by real time RT-PCR method relative to silica-t	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1881715	Binding affinity to C-terminal GST-tagged full length SARS CoV-2 3CL protease expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells by isothermal titration calorimetry assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-24, Volume: 65, Issue:4	Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Proteases and Polymerase for COVID-19 Treatment: State of the Art and Future Opportunities.
AID566743	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as decrease of serum TNFalpha level at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by ELISA relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID365683	Permeability across polyvinylidene fluoride membrane coated with polar brain lipid extract porcine by BBB PAMPA	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor.
AID1273813	Induction of Treg response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as increase in level of CD4+T cells coexpressing Foxp3 in spleen at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 56 by flow cytometric analysis (Rv	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID456316	ABTS radical scavenging activity assessed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1	Reliability of bond dissociation enthalpy calculated by the PM6 method and experimental TEAC values in antiradical QSAR of flavonoids.
AID1678072	Anti-inflammatory activity against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis BALB/c mouse model assessed as reduction in IL-6 mRNA expression in colon tissue at 50 mg/kg administrated for 14 days by RT-qPCR analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID365676	Inhibition of human prolyl oligopeptidase at 50 uM in presence of 0.01% Triton X-100	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor.
AID1503455	Activation of AMPK in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in GLUT2 mRNA expression at 12.5 uM incubated for 24 hrs after 1 hr pre-incubation of cells with 10 uM AMPK inhibitor compound C by real-time PCR method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID699540	Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10	Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1850986	Displacement of thiazole orange from human ILPR i-motif DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1881719	Inhibition of C-terminal His6-tagged full length SARS CoV-2 3CL protease expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells at 50 uM using Thr-Ser-Ala-Val-Leu-Gln-pNA substrate preincubated for 30 mins followed by substrate addition by microplate reader relat	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-24, Volume: 65, Issue:4	Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Proteases and Polymerase for COVID-19 Treatment: State of the Art and Future Opportunities.
AID1678083	Anti-ulcerative colitis activity in DSS-induced BALB/c mouse ulcerative colitis model assessed as colon weight at 50 mg/kg administrated for 14 days (Rvb = 0.369 +/- 0.023 g)	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID1273796	Antiinflammatory activity in C57BL/6 mouse silicosis model assessed as silica-induced accumulation of macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7,28 and 56 by Giemsa staining method	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1503443	Cytotoxicity in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 12.5 uM incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID1850973	Binding affinity to human telomeric 1ELN i-motif DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 5.5 by FRET assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID566753	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as inhibition of HO-1 protein expression in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by Western blot analysis	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1273807	Inhibition of Th17 response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in RORgammat mRNA expression in spleen at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7, 28, 56 by real time RT-PCR method relative t	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1850977	Binding affinity to human 1BNA double stranded DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 7.4 by FRET assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID566759	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as decrease of TRADD protein expression in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by Western blot analysis	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID365680	Inhibition of human prolyl oligopeptidase at 50 uM preincubated for 15 mins	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor.
AID1845236	Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 MPro	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Protease targeted COVID-19 drug discovery and its challenges: Insight into viral main protease (Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitors.
AID1881717	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells incubated for 3 hrs by CCK-8 assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-24, Volume: 65, Issue:4	Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Proteases and Polymerase for COVID-19 Treatment: State of the Art and Future Opportunities.
AID566751	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as inhibition of COX2 protein expression in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by Western blot analysis	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID629626	Binding affinity to hen egg white lysozyme assessed as effective quenching constant at 298 K by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Comparative studies on interactions of baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin with lysozyme.
AID1456072	Anti-hyperplasia activity in carotid arterial balloon-injury-induced Sprague-Dawley rat neointimal hyperplasia model assessed as reduction in thickness of left carotid artery by measuring intima to media thickness ratio at 70 mg/kg administered once daily	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID566750	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as inhibition of iNOS protein expression in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by Western blot analysis	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1767147	Antiproliferative activity against human MGC-803 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth by MTT assay	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzofuran derivatives as potent LSD1 inhibitors.
AID357253	Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid synthase	2002	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 65, Issue:12	Fatty acid synthase inhibitors from plants: isolation, structure elucidation, and SAR studies.
AID1273818	Inhibition of Th1 response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in level of CD4+T cells coexpressing IFNgamma at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7 by flow cytometric analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1503447	Activation of AMPK in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in AMPK phosphorylation at 12.5 uM incubated for 24 hrs by Western blot method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID1456081	Solubility of the compound in water	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID1678088	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 44113-5 after 24 hrs by microdilution method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID1456089	Invivo inhibition of P-gp in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as increase in cyclosporine Cmax at 112 uM/kg, po administered via gastric gavage coadministered with 2.5 mg/kg cyclosporine measured after 540 mins by monoclonal fluorescence polarization assay rel	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID1456082	Apparent permeability of the compound	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID1503448	Activation of AKT in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells assessed as increase in AKT phosphorylation by Western blot method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID1850991	Displacement of thiazole orange from human 1BNA double stranded DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1678089	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10211 incubated for 24 hrs	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID1273819	Inhibition of Th1 response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in TNFalpha mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7 by real time RT-PCR metho	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID365682	Permeability across polyvinylidene fluoride membrane coated with biomimetic lipid membrane by GIT PAMPA	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor.
AID1767146	Inhibition of LSD1 (unknown origin)	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 220	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzofuran derivatives as potent LSD1 inhibitors.
AID1678073	Anti-inflammatory activity against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis BALB/c mouse model assessed as reduction in IL-1beta protein expression in colon tissue at 50 mg/kg administrated for 14 days by Western blot analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID1850982	Displacement of thiazole orange from human telomeric 1ELN i-motif DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 5.5 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1668637	Inhibition of human liver FBP1 at 200 uM incubated for 5 mins by fluorescence method relative to control	2020	Journal of natural products, 05-22, Volume: 83, Issue:5	Structural Specificity of Flavonoids in the Inhibition of Human Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase.
AID566756	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as decrease of mitochondrial swelling in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID481401	Inhibition of human recombinant POP	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-13, Volume: 53, Issue:9	Inhibitors of prolyl oligopeptidases for the therapy of human diseases: defining diseases and inhibitors.
AID699541	Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10	Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1172640	Inhibition of cell proliferation of rat C6 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Bioactive triterpenoid saponins and phenolic compounds against glioma cells.
AID1515259	Inhibition of LSD1 (unknown origin)	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-15, Volume: 27, Issue:2	Flavone-based natural product agents as new lysine-specific demethylase 1 inhibitors exhibiting cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells in vitro.
AID1273804	Inhibition of Th17 response in spleen in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in level of CD4+T cells coexpressing IL-17A at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 28 by flow cytometric analysis (	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID629630	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Comparative studies on interactions of baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin with lysozyme.
AID1678085	Anti-ulcerative colitis activity in DSS-induced BALB/c mouse ulcerative colitis model of assessed as reduction in disease activity index at 50 mg/kg administrated for 14 days	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID566763	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat sham operated model assessed as decrease of caspase 8 activity in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by Western blot analysis relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID629627	Binding affinity to hen egg white lysozyme assessed as effective quenching constant at 310 K by Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Comparative studies on interactions of baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin with lysozyme.
AID1273806	Inhibition of Th17 response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in IL-17A mRNA expression in lung at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7 by real time RT-PCR method relative to silica-trea	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID566749	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as inhibition of iNOS mRNA expression in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by RT-PCR analysis	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1456071	Antiinflammatory activity in dextran sodium sulphate-induced C57BL/6 mouse colitis model assessed as disease activity index at 100 mg/kg, ig administered once daily pretreated for 3 days followed by DSS challenge and subsequent treatment for 7 days measur	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID1303388	Inhibition of bovine testis hyaluronidase using hyaluronic acid as substrate preincubated with CaCl2 for 20 mins followed by incubation with of compound for 20 mins and substrate for 10 mins by colorimetric Morgan-Elson method in presence of 0.05% triton	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 26, Issue:13	Interpreting the behavior of concentration-response curves of hyaluronidase inhibitors under DMSO-perturbed assay conditions.
AID1456085	Mixed-type inhibition of CYP1A2 in pooled human liver microsomes using varying levels of phenacetin as substrate pretreated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 30 mins by Line-weaver burk plot analysis	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID1273810	Induction of Treg response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as increase in level of CD4+T cells coexpressing Foxp3 in hilar lymph node at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 56 by flow cytometric an	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1850989	Displacement of thiazole orange from human ILPR i-motif DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 5.5 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1273822	Inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in IL-6 mRNA expression in lung at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7 by real time RT-PCR method relative to s	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID566747	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as decrease of TNFalpha mRNA expression in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by RT-PCR analysis	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1678091	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans 98001 after 24 hrs by microdilution method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID1273823	Inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in IL-6 mRNA expression in lung at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 28, 56 by real time RT-PCR method relative	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1599347	Virucidal activity against DENV2	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Recent update on anti-dengue drug discovery.
AID1850972	Binding affinity to human telomeric 1ELN i-motif DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 7.4 by FRET assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID365954	Inhibition of Cdk1/cyclin B	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Nitrogen-containing flavonoid analogues as CDK1/cyclin B inhibitors: synthesis, SAR analysis, and biological activity.
AID1850985	Displacement of thiazole orange from human ILPR G4 quadruplex DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID642415	Estrogenic activity at ERalpha in human MVLN cells at 20 ug/mL after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to E2	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Discovery of estrogen receptor α modulators from natural compounds in Si-Wu-Tang series decoctions using estrogen-responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
AID1202766	Activation of 1650 bp mouse Ngn2 promoter activity expressed in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells at 100 uM incubated for 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to untreated control	2015	Journal of natural products, Feb-27, Volume: 78, Issue:2	Inubosins A, B, and C are acridine alkaloids isolated from a culture of Streptomyces sp. IFM 11440 with Ngn2 promoter activity.
AID1850971	Binding affinity to human telomeric IKF1 G4 quadruplex DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 7.4 by FRET assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID566736	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat sham operated model assessed as protection against histopathologic damage at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by TUNEL staining	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1441288	Inhibition of hyaluronidase (unknown origin) using hyaluronic acid as substrate preincubated for 20 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 40 mins by colorimetric method	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 04-01, Volume: 27, Issue:7	Discovery of hyaluronidase inhibitors from natural products and their mechanistic characterization under DMSO-perturbed assay conditions.
AID1884954	Antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 assessed as reduction in bacterial growth by crystal violet staining based assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 65, Issue:13	Small Carbohydrate Derivatives as Potent Antibiofilm Agents.
AID1516878	Antifungal activity against Candida glabrata after 48 hrs by checkerboard method	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 29, Issue:19	Recent advances in natural antifungal flavonoids and their derivatives.
AID1678070	Anti-inflammatory activity against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis BALB/c mouse model assessed as reduction in TNF-alpha mRNA expression in colon tissue at 50 mg/kg administrated for 14 days by RT-qPCR analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID1599346	Antiviral activity against DENV2 infected in African green monkey Vero cells by focus formation unit reduction assay	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Recent update on anti-dengue drug discovery.
AID1503444	Stimulation of glucose consumption in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells at 12.5 uM incubated for 24 hrs by glucose oxidase based assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID1527603	Anti-colitis activity in C57BL/6 (B6) mouse model of DSS-induced colitis assessed as disease activity index at 100 mg/kg, ig pretreated for 3 days followed by DSS treatment for 7 days (Rvb = 5.67 +/- 1.03 No_unit)	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185	Discovery of small-molecule candidates against inflammatory bowel disease.
AID1881713	Inhibition of C-terminal GST-tagged full length SARS CoV-2 3CL protease expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells using MCA-AVLQSGFR-Lys(Dnp)-Lys-NH as substrate incubated for 10 mins by FRET assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-24, Volume: 65, Issue:4	Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Proteases and Polymerase for COVID-19 Treatment: State of the Art and Future Opportunities.
AID1884956	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 LasA protease at 64 to 256 ug/ml using azocasein as substrate incubated for 24 hrs by spectrophotometrical analysis relative to control	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 65, Issue:13	Small Carbohydrate Derivatives as Potent Antibiofilm Agents.
AID1884959	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Rhamnolipid at 64 to 256 ug/ml by spectrophotometrical analysis relative to control	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 65, Issue:13	Small Carbohydrate Derivatives as Potent Antibiofilm Agents.
AID566740	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat sham operated model assessed as decrease of glutathione level per gram of liver at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID566762	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat sham operated model assessed as decrease of caspase 3 activity in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by Western blot analysis relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1273800	Inhibition of Th17 response in hilar lymph node in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in level of CD4+T cells coexpressing IL-17A at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7 by flow cytometric a	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1303391	Inhibition of bovine testis hyaluronidase preincubated with CaCl2 for 20 mins followed by incubation with compound for 20 mins and substrate for 10 mins by colorimetric Morgan-Elson method in presence of up to 21% DMSO	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 26, Issue:13	Interpreting the behavior of concentration-response curves of hyaluronidase inhibitors under DMSO-perturbed assay conditions.
AID1850981	Displacement of thiazole orange from human telomeric 1ELN i-motif DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1456084	Oral bioavailability in Sprague-Dawley rat at 224 umol/kg administered via gastric gavage	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID1881716	Binding affinity to C-terminal GST-tagged full length SARS CoV-2 3CL protease expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells incubated for 1 hr by ESI-MS assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-24, Volume: 65, Issue:4	Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Proteases and Polymerase for COVID-19 Treatment: State of the Art and Future Opportunities.
AID365675	Inhibition of DPP4	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor.
AID1850984	Displacement of thiazole orange from human ILPR G4 quadruplex DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1850980	Displacement of thiazole orange from human telomeric 1ELN i-motif DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID365674	Inhibition of human brain prolyl oligopeptidase expressed in Escherichia coli	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor.
AID566748	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as inhibition of COX2 mRNA expression in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by RT-PCR analysis	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1881676	Inhibition of C-terminal GST-tagged full length SARS CoV-2 3CL protease expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells measured after 48 hrs by qRT-PCR analysis	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 02-24, Volume: 65, Issue:4	Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Proteases and Polymerase for COVID-19 Treatment: State of the Art and Future Opportunities.
AID1456073	Anti-inflammatory activity in proteolipid protein 139-151/complete freund's adjuvant-induced SJL/J mouse autoimmune encephalomyelitis model assessed as reduction in clinical score at 5 to 10 mg/kg, ip administered once daily pretreated for 1 day followed	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID629624	Binding affinity to hen egg white lysozyme assessed as quenching rate constant at 298 K by Stern-Volmer plot analysis	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Comparative studies on interactions of baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin with lysozyme.
AID566737	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as protection against histopathologic damage at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by TUNEL staining	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1456097	Invivo inhibition of CYP1A2 in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as increase in unbound phenacetin level in plasma at 450 mg/kg, iv coadministered with phenacetin by UV-HPLC method relative to phenacetin alone	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID1365005	Binding affinity to Chikungunya virus NS3	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 25, Issue:16	The medicinal chemistry of Chikungunya virus.
AID1456083	Tmax in Sprague-Dawley rat at 224 umol/kg, po administered via gastric gavage	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID1510615	Inhibition of Bacillus cereus 569/H9 beta-lactamase incubated for 10 mins followed by nitrocefin substrate challenge and measured for 5 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-13, Volume: 10, Issue:6	DMSO-Perturbing Assay for Identifying Promiscuous Enzyme Inhibitors.
AID1678087	Antibacterial activity against Typhoid bacillus 50071-16 after 24 hrs by microdilution method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID1678090	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 32215 after 24 hrs by microdilution method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID681175	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of DNP-SG uptake in bile canalicular membrane vesicles from SD rat	2002	Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, , Volume: 17, Issue:1	The potential for an interaction between MRP2 (ABCC2) and various therapeutic agents: probenecid as a candidate inhibitor of the biliary excretion of irinotecan metabolites.
AID1503453	Activation of AMPK in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in PEPCK mRNA expression at 12.5 uM incubated for 24 hrs after 1 hr pre-incubation of cells with 10 uM AMPK inhibitor compound C by real-time PCR method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID1510602	Inhibition of Enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamase incubated for 10 mins followed by nitrocefin substrate challenge and measured for 5 mins by spectrophotometric analysis	2019	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-13, Volume: 10, Issue:6	DMSO-Perturbing Assay for Identifying Promiscuous Enzyme Inhibitors.
AID1273829	Inhibition of Th1 response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in IFN-gamma mRNA expression in spleen at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7, 28 by real time RT-PCR method relative to sil	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID566746	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as decrease of IL-6 mRNA expression in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by RT-PCR analysis	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1303386	Inhibition of bovine testis hyaluronidase using hyaluronic acid as substrate preincubated for 20 mins followed by incubation with CaCl2 for 20 mins and substrate for 10 mins by colorimetric Morgan-Elson method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 26, Issue:13	Interpreting the behavior of concentration-response curves of hyaluronidase inhibitors under DMSO-perturbed assay conditions.
AID629629	Binding affinity to hen egg white lysozyme at 310 K	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Comparative studies on interactions of baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin with lysozyme.
AID357255	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90113	2002	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 65, Issue:12	Fatty acid synthase inhibitors from plants: isolation, structure elucidation, and SAR studies.
AID1273812	Induction of Treg response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as increase in level of CD4+T cells coexpressing Foxp3 in spleen at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 28 by flow cytometric analysis (Rv	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID566734	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat sham operated model assessed as decrease of serum ALT level at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1273828	Induction of Treg response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as increase in Foxp3 mRNA expression in spleen at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7, 28 by real time RT-PCR method relative to silica-	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID566742	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat sham operated model assessed as decrease of serum TNFalpha level at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by ELISA relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID629632	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in presence of 25 mg/L lysozyme	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Comparative studies on interactions of baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin with lysozyme.
AID1850983	Displacement of thiazole orange from human telomeric 1ELN i-motif DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 5.5 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1273801	Inhibition of Th17 response in hilar lymph node in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in level of CD4+T cells coexpressing IL-17A at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 28 by flow cytometric	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1456069	Anti-inflammatory activity in adjuvant-induced C57BL/6 mouse arthritis model assessed as reduction in ankle swelling by measuring splenic Th17 cell population expansion at 100 mg/kg, ip administered once daily for 1 week starting from 14 days post-immuniz	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID1874263	Inhibition of PLK1 T210D mutant kinase domain (unknown origin) using casein as substrate preincubated for 3 hrs followed by substrate addition and measured after 30 mins in the presence of ATP by ADP-Glo kinase assay	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-11, Volume: 65, Issue:15	Polo-like Kinase 1 Inhibitors in Human Cancer Therapy: Development and Therapeutic Potential.
AID699539	Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM by scintillation counting	2012	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10	Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1273821	Inhibition of Th2 response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in IL-4 level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7, 28, 56 by cytometric bead array method	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1503440	Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability at 25 uM incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID1850975	Binding affinity to human ILPR i-motif DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 7.4 by FRET assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID566741	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as decrease of glutathione level per gram of liver at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1456095	Invivo inhibition of CYP3A4 in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as increase in cyclosporine AUC at 112 uM/kg, po administered via gastric gavage coadministered with 2.5 mg/kg cyclosporine measured after 540 mins by monoclonal fluorescence polarization assay re	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID1678086	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella paratyphi B 0039 after 24 hrs by microdilution method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID1273795	Antiinflammatory activity in C57BL/6 mouse silicosis model assessed as silica-induced accumulation of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7,28 and 56 by Giemsa staining method	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1273799	Inhibition of silica-induced lung fibrosis in C57BL/6 mouse silicosis model at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 28 to 56 by Masson staining-based light microscopic analysis	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1273824	Inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in IL-6 protein level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7 by cytometric bead	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID403948	Inhibition of trypsin-induced reduction in tPA production in HUVEC by ELISA	1997	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 60, Issue:6	Effects of flavonoids isolated from scutellariae radix on fibrinolytic system induced by trypsin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
AID1273827	Inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as increase in IL-23 mRNA expression in lung at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 28, 56 by real time RT-PCR method relativ	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1884958	Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Pyocyanin at 64 to 256 ug/ml by spectrophotometrical analysis relative to control	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 65, Issue:13	Small Carbohydrate Derivatives as Potent Antibiofilm Agents.
AID338667	Antiinflammatory activity in Wistar rat peritoneal mast cells assessed as inhibition of concanavalin A-induced histamine release treated 10 mins before concanavalin A challenge measured after 30 mins
AID1678071	Anti-inflammatory activity against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis BALB/c mouse model assessed as reduction in IL-6 protein expression in colon tissue at 50 mg/kg administrated for 14 days by Western blot analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID1845238	Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (BetaCoV/Wuhan/WIV04/2019) MPro expressed in Escherichia coli using FRET susbtrate measured after 1 hr	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 29	Protease targeted COVID-19 drug discovery and its challenges: Insight into viral main protease (Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitors.
AID1678074	Anti-inflammatory activity against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis BALB/c mouse model assessed as reduction in IL-1beta mRNA expression in colon tissue at 50 mg/kg administrated for 14 days by RT-qPCR analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID365677	Inhibition of human prolyl oligopeptidase at 50 uM after 20 mins microcentrifugation	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor.
AID332930	Cytotoxicity against human H9 cells after 3 days	1994	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 57, Issue:1	Anti-AIDS agents, 10. Acacetin-7-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, an anti-HIV principle from Chrysanthemum morifolium and a structure-activity correlation with some related flavonoids.
AID566754	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as inhibition of nuclear localization of NF-kappaB/p65 subunit in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by Western blot analysis	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1172639	Inhibition of cell proliferation of human U251 cells assessed as cell viability at 100 uM after 72 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22	Bioactive triterpenoid saponins and phenolic compounds against glioma cells.
AID629625	Binding affinity to hen egg white lysozyme assessed as quenching rate constant at 310 K by Stern-Volmer plot analysis	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Comparative studies on interactions of baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin with lysozyme.
AID1456093	Invivo inhibition of CYP3A4 in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as increase in cyclosporine Cmax at 112 uM/kg, po administered via gastric gavage coadministered with 2.5 mg/kg cyclosporine measured after 540 mins by monoclonal fluorescence polarization assay r	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID1678093	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 261112-5 after 24 hrs by microdilution method	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID1273802	Inhibition of Th17 response in hilar lymph node in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in level of CD4+T cells coexpressing IL-17A at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 56 by flow cytometric	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1678069	Anti-inflammatory activity against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis BALB/c mouse model assessed as reduction in TNF-alpha protein expression in colon tissue at 50 mg/kg administrated for 14 days by Western blot analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID642414	Estrogenic activity at ERalpha in human MVLN cells at 100 ug/mL after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to E2	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1	Discovery of estrogen receptor α modulators from natural compounds in Si-Wu-Tang series decoctions using estrogen-responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
AID1850976	Binding affinity to human ILPR i-motif DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 5.5 by FRET assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1503441	Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as cell viability at 50 uM incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID566760	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as protection against apoptosis in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by TUNEL assay	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1850990	Displacement of thiazole orange from human 1BNA double stranded DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1273825	Inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as decrease in IL-6 protein level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 28 to 56 by cytometr	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1273808	Induction of Treg response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as increase in level of CD4+T cells coexpressing Foxp3 in hilar lymph node at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7 by flow cytometric ana	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID365681	Inhibition of human prolyl oligopeptidase at 50 uM preincubated for 30 mins	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor.
AID1678896	Inhibition of LSD1 (unknown origin) expressed in human MGC-803 cells incubated for 5 days by DAPI staining based immunofluorescence method	2020	RSC medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 11, Issue:9	Histone lysine specific demethylase 1 inhibitors.
AID566739	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as decrease of malondialdehyde level per gram of protein at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1303389	Inhibition of bovine testis hyaluronidase using hyaluronic acid as substrate preincubated with CaCl2 for 20 mins followed by incubation with compound for 20 mins and substrate for 10 mins by colorimetric Morgan-Elson method in presence of BSA	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 26, Issue:13	Interpreting the behavior of concentration-response curves of hyaluronidase inhibitors under DMSO-perturbed assay conditions.
AID1884955	Inhibition of AHL-mediated quorum sensing system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 assessed as decrease in C4-HSL levels at 64 ug/ml by HPLC/MS analysis relative to control	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 65, Issue:13	Small Carbohydrate Derivatives as Potent Antibiofilm Agents.
AID355721	Displacement of [3H]LSD from human 5HT7 receptor expressed in CHO cells	2003	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 66, Issue:4	Inhibition of [3H]-LSD binding to 5-HT7 receptors by flavonoids from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID1850987	Displacement of thiazole orange from human ILPR i-motif DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID456318	DPPH radical scavenging activity assessed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 18, Issue:1	Reliability of bond dissociation enthalpy calculated by the PM6 method and experimental TEAC values in antiradical QSAR of flavonoids.
AID1503439	Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 3.125 to 50 uM incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID1884953	In vivo antibacterial activity against Burkholderia cepacia LMG 16656 infected in BALB/C mouse assessed as reduction in bacterial load in lung at 2 mg/kg, INH administered for 24 to 48 hr post bacterial infection and measured after 3 days post compound tr	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-14, Volume: 65, Issue:13	Small Carbohydrate Derivatives as Potent Antibiofilm Agents.
AID1503451	Activation of AMPK in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in G6Pase mRNA expression at 12.5 uM incubated for 24 hrs by real-time PCR method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID1303387	Inhibition of bovine testis hyaluronidase using hyaluronic acid as substrate preincubated with CaCl2 for 20 mins followed by incubation with compound for 20 mins and substrate for 10 mins by colorimetric Morgan-Elson method	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-01, Volume: 26, Issue:13	Interpreting the behavior of concentration-response curves of hyaluronidase inhibitors under DMSO-perturbed assay conditions.
AID566738	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat sham operated model assessed as decrease of malondialdehyde level per gram of protein at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID1850978	Displacement of thiazole orange from human telomeric IKF1 G4 quadruplex DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1273815	Induction of Treg response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as increase in Foxp3 mRNA expression in lung at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 28, 56 by real time RT-PCR method relative to silica-t	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID365679	Inhibition of human prolyl oligopeptidase at 50 uM preincubated for 10 mins	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 16, Issue:15	Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor.
AID629631	Binding affinity to hen egg white lysozyme in presence of 2 x10'-3 M	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Comparative studies on interactions of baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin with lysozyme.
AID566752	Antiinflammatory activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as inhibition of HO-1 mRNA expression in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by RT-PCR analysis	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID629623	Binding affinity to hen egg white lysozyme assessed as Stem-Volmer dynamic quenching constant at 310 K by Stern-Volmer plot analysis	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Comparative studies on interactions of baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin with lysozyme.
AID1516876	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans SC 5314 after 48 hrs by checkerboard method	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 29, Issue:19	Recent advances in natural antifungal flavonoids and their derivatives.
AID1503452	Activation of AMPK in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in GLUT2 mRNA expression at 12.5 uM incubated for 24 hrs by real-time PCR method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID1273798	Antiinflammatory activity in C57BL/6 mouse silicosis model assessed as reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7,28 and 56 by haematoxylin and eosin staining-based light microscopic analysis relative	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1847367	Inhibition of NDM-1 (unknown origin) by HPLC analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-05, Volume: 223	Recent research and development of NDM-1 inhibitors.
AID1273816	Induction of Treg response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as increase in IL-10 mRNA expression in lung at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7, 28 by real time RT-PCR method relative to silica-tr	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID566757	Hepatoprotective activity in Sprague-Dawley rat ischemia-reperfusion model assessed as decrease of caspase 3 activity in liver tissue at 200 mg/kg, ip administered 24 hrs and 1 hr before ischemia by Western blot analysis relative to control	2010	Journal of natural products, Dec-27, Volume: 73, Issue:12	Protective effects of baicalin against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver.
AID357254	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 90028	2002	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 65, Issue:12	Fatty acid synthase inhibitors from plants: isolation, structure elucidation, and SAR studies.
AID1273814	Induction of Treg response in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as increase in TGF-beta mRNA expression at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7 by real time RT-PCR method relative to silica-treated con	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1273826	Inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation in silica-induced C57BL/6 mouse lung inflammation and fibrosis model assessed as increase in IL-23 mRNA expression in lung at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7 by real time RT-PCR method relative to	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID629622	Binding affinity to hen egg white lysozyme assessed as Stem-Volmer dynamic quenching constant at 298 K by Stern-Volmer plot analysis	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Comparative studies on interactions of baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin with lysozyme.
AID1456091	Invivo inhibition of P-gp in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as increase in cyclosporine AUC at 112 uM/kg, po administered via gastric gavage coadministered with 2.5 mg/kg cyclosporine measured after 540 mins by monoclonal fluorescence polarization assay rela	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 131	Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders.
AID1678078	Anti-ulcerative colitis activity in DSS-induced BALB/c mouse ulcerative colitis model assessed as reduction in colon damage at 50 mg/kg administrated for 14 days by H and E staining analysis	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 10-15, Volume: 28, Issue:20	Design, synthesis and evaluation of a baicalin and berberine hybrid compound as therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis.
AID629620	Binding affinity to hen egg white lysozyme assessed as reduction in fluorescence intensity at 1 to 7 x 10'-6 M at 310 K	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 46, Issue:12	Comparative studies on interactions of baicalein, baicalin and scutellarin with lysozyme.
AID1503461	Activation of AKT in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in GLUT2 mRNA expression at 12.5 uM incubated for 24 hrs after 1 hr pre-incubation of cells with 0.5 uM AKT inhibitor MK2202 by real-time PCR method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-01, Volume: 141	Baicalin and its metabolites suppresses gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK or AKT in insulin resistant HepG-2 cells.
AID1273794	Antiinflammatory activity in C57BL/6 mouse silicosis model assessed as reduction in silica-induced accumulation of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 2 mg, ip administered every day measured on day 7 by Giemsa staining method	2015	Journal of natural products, Dec-24, Volume: 78, Issue:12	Baicalin Alleviates Silica-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Th17 Response in C57BL/6 Mice.
AID1805801	Various Assay from Article 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00409: \\Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.\\	2021	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23	Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.
AID1801097	Aurora B Kinase Assay from Article 10.1111/cbdd.12445: \\Plant-derived flavones as inhibitors of aurora B kinase and their quantitative structure-activity relationships.\\	2015	Chemical biology & drug design, May, Volume: 85, Issue:5	Plant-derived flavones as inhibitors of aurora B kinase and their quantitative structure-activity relationships.
AID1745855	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on the primary C. elegans qHTS viability assay	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
AID1745854	NCATS anti-infectives library activity on HEK293 viability as a counter-qHTS vs the C. elegans viability qHTS	2023	Disease models & mechanisms, 03-01, Volume: 16, Issue:3	In vivo quantitative high-throughput screening for drug discovery and comparative toxicology.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	3 (0.21)	18.7374
1990's	61 (4.34)	18.2507
2000's	289 (20.58)	29.6817
2010's	737 (52.49)	24.3611
2020's	314 (22.36)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	15 (1.05%)	5.53%
Reviews	52 (3.63%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (0.07%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.07%)	0.25%
Other	1,365 (95.19%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	7.61	2	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.	2.03	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	2.49	2	0	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	7	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.6	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
adenine [no description available]	4.99	2	1	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	4.61	1	1	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	3.31	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
benzaldehyde [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
cadaverine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	2.03	1	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
carnitine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	5.28	3	1	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	4.61	1	1	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	3.03	4	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	7.69	2	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.07	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	7.74	3	0	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	7.78	3	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.13	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.07	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	10.68	5	1	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
histamine [no description available]	4.97	2	1	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	4.61	1	1	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	7.07	1	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.6	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	2.15	1	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.71	3	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
melatonin [no description available]	2.02	1	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.1	1	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.06	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	4.95	2	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	4.95	2	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	2.11	1	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	2	1	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.15	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.6	1	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
picolinic acid picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.	2.6	1	0	pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; MALDI matrix material
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	10.05	2	1	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
putrescine [no description available]	2.17	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	2.11	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.41	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	4.61	1	1	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
taurine [no description available]	2.31	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	2.6	1	0	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	2.25	1	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
trimethylamine [no description available]	2.25	1	0	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	2.82	2	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.51	2	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin [no description available]	2.52	2	0	hydroxyflavan
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	2.01	1	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.	7.08	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	neurotoxin
huperzine a huperzine A: RN given refers to 5R-(5alpha,9beta,11E)-isomer; structure given in first source. huperzine A : A sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from a club moss Huperzia serrata that has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity. It is also an effective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and has attracted interest as a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.	3.23	1	0	quinolone
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	7.11	1	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate [no description available]	2.31	1	0	catechin
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.21	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
hoe 33342 BXI-72: structure in first source	2.46	2	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	fluorochrome
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.07	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
3-aminobenzamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzamides; substituted aniline	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
pleconaril WIN 63843: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0
4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride [no description available]	2.6	1	0
phenytoin [no description available]	2.79	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
7,8-dihydroxyflavone 7,8-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A naturally occurring flavonoid produced by several plants, including the weed Tridax procumbens (coalbuttons or tridax daisy) and the tree Godmania aesculifolia, In animal models, it has shown efficacy against several diseases of the nervous system, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's.	2.41	2	0	dihydroxyflavone	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	3.21	5	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
alexidine alexidine: until June 1975 was mistakenly treated as synonym for chlorhexidine; RN given refers to parent cpd. alexidine : An amphipathic bisbiguanide with a structure consisting of two (2-ethylhexyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	1.96	1	0	biguanides	antibacterial agent
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	2.6	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	2.79	3	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.	7.6	1	0	aromatic amine
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	2.46	2	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	8.04	4	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole 2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.	2.6	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; primary amino compound
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.04	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	2.46	2	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	3.82	2	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	2.04	1	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	7.11	1	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2.51	2	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.	2.46	2	0	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.07	1	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
baclofen [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.	2.6	1	0	benzamides
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	2.46	2	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	2.08	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
berberine [no description available]	7.12	62	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	1.99	1	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
bronopol [no description available]	2.31	1	0	nitro compound
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	2.07	1	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
caffeine [no description available]	2.54	2	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	3.46	7	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
N-[4-methyl-1-oxo-1-(1-oxohexan-2-ylamino)pentan-2-yl]carbamic acid (phenylmethyl) ester [no description available]	2.31	1	0	leucine derivative
camostat camostat : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-guanidinobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate. It is a potent inhibitor of the human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and its mesylate salt is currently under investigation for its effectiveness in COVID-19 patients.	3.92	2	0	benzoate ester; carboxylic ester; diester; guanidines; tertiary carboxamide	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifibrinolytic drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; serine protease inhibitor
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.6	1	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.57	2	0	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	2.46	2	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carmofur [no description available]	3.82	2	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
celecoxib [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cefixime Cefixime: A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is stable to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases.. cefixime : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic bearing vinyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, and urinary tract infections.	2.13	1	0
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	2.07	1	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	2.6	1	0	pyridinium ion
chelerythrine chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.	2.07	1	0	benzophenanthridine alkaloid; organic cation	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	2.01	1	0	benzodiazepine
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.46	2	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.	2.6	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	4.31	5	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	7.6	1	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	7.76	3	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.77	3	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
ciprofibrate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	antilipemic drug
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.6	1	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.46	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.	2.6	1	0	4-pyridones	iron chelator; protective agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	1.99	1	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.46	2	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.45	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.46	2	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	2.79	3	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	2.07	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram [no description available]	4.23	4	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	8.05	4	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.57	2	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	4.91	4	0	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
embelin embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.	3.41	1	0	dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	3.83	10	0	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
profenamine profenamine: was heading 1972-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINES 1972-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search ETHOPROPAZINE 1972-94. profenamine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.	3.25	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amino compound	adrenergic antagonist; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	2.6	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
2-hexyloxybenzamide 2-hexyloxybenzamide: structure	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; benzamides	antifungal agent
brl 42810 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.46	2	0	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fendiline Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.	2.46	2	0	diarylmethane
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.07	1	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
fexofenadine fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.	2.46	2	0	piperidines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	3.91	3	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
fluphenazine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.01	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.	2.04	1	0	benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	8.25	4	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	4.21	4	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	2.04	1	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	2.46	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
furafylline [no description available]	2.07	1	0	oxopurine
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.46	2	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabexate Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.	2.6	1	0	benzoate ester
gemfibrozil [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether	antilipemic drug
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	7.21	1	0
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	2.04	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide
glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2.46	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	2.6	1	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.73	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
go 6976 [no description available]	3.25	1	0	indolocarbazole; organic heterohexacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	2.6	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.52	2	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	2.31	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.	2.6	1	0	phosphocholines; phospholipid	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor
hexylresorcinol [no description available]	2.6	1	0	resorcinols
beta-thujaplicin beta-thujaplicin: structure. beta-thujaplicin : A monoterpenoid that is cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and an isopropyl group at position 4. Isolated from Thuja plicata and Chamaecyparis obtusa, it exhibits antimicrobial activities.	2.6	1	0	cyclic ketone; enol; monoterpenoid	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiplasmodial drug; plant metabolite
hexamethylene bisacetamide N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208	7.08	1	0	acetamides
hycanthone Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.	2.6	1	0	thioxanthenes	mutagen; schistosomicide drug
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.79	3	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	3.76	2	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.6	1	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	3.01	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.07	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	3.38	6	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	2.41	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.6	1	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	4.61	1	1	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.46	2	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.03	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	7.11	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	2.46	2	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
itraconazole [no description available]	2.57	2	0	piperazines
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	10.02	2	1	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.46	2	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	2.07	1	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
kojic acid [no description available]	2.6	1	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
lamotrigine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine	anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.46	2	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
lapachol lapachol : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone substituted by hydroxy and 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl groups at positions 2 and 3, respectively. It is a natural compound that exhibits antibacterial and anticancer properties, first isolated in 1882 from the bark of Tabebuia avellanedae.	2.6	1	0
beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.	2.31	1	0	benzochromenone; orthoquinones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	2.79	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	2.79	3	0	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	2.6	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.53	2	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
4-(dimethylamino)-n-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide 4-(dimethylamino)-N-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide: structure in first source. 4-(dimethylamino)-N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid with the amino group of 7-amino-N-hydroxyheptanamide. It is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
mafenide Mafenide: A sulfonamide that inhibits the enzyme CARBONIC ANHYDRASE and is used as a topical anti-bacterial agent, especially in burn therapy.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	2.04	1	0	anthracenes
memantine [no description available]	4.61	1	1	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	antidepressant; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.31	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	2.07	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	2.46	2	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	8.47	7	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	4.61	1	1	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methazolamide Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.	2.6	1	0	sulfonamide; thiadiazoles
methocarbamol Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester; secondary alcohol
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	2.07	1	0	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.79	3	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
moclobemide Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.	2.07	1	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
monodansylcadaverine monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.	2.08	1	0	aminonaphthalene; primary amino compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; protective agent
entinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzamides; carbamate ester; primary amino compound; pyridines; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.6	1	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2.6	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
nafamostat nafamostat: inhibitor of trypsin, plasmin, pancreatic kallikrein, plasma kallikrein & thrombin; strongly inhibits esterolytic activities of C1r & C1 esterase complement-mediated hemolysis; antineoplastic	2.6	1	0	benzoic acids; guanidines
activins Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.	2.13	1	0
nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.52	2	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	2.46	2	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	9.66	4	0	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	9.17	3	1	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	7.73	3	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.44	2	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	7.15	1	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
nizatidine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.75	3	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.79	3	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	2.07	1	0	carbazoles
osalmide osalmide: structure	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	2.04	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxethazaine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.61	2	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
palmidrol palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	2.6	1	0	endocannabinoid; N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine; N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine	anti-inflammatory drug; anticonvulsant; antihypertensive agent; neuroprotective agent
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.6	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	2.06	1	0	aromatic amine
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.97	4	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.6	1	0	oxopurine
perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.	2.6	1	0	piperidines	cardiovascular drug
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	3.25	1	0	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	7.96	4	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.	2.6	1	0	diaminopyridine; monoazo compound	anticoronaviral agent; carcinogenic agent; local anaesthetic; non-narcotic analgesic
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.46	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	2.07	1	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.6	1	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin [no description available]	2.51	2	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
pilsicainide pilsicainide: structure given in first source. pilsicainide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.	2.07	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary carboxamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
pimobendan pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridazinone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	2.44	2	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
pioglitazone Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; pyridines; thiazolidinediones	antidepressant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug; PPARgamma agonist; xenobiotic
pj-34 PJ34 : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is 5,6-dihydrophenanthridine substituted at positions 2 and 6 by (N,N-dimethylglycyl)amino and oxo groups, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 110 nM and 86 nM, respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer, cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties.	2.6	1	0	phenanthridines; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antiatherosclerotic agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
pramoxine pramoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pramocaine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 3-(4-butoxyphenoxy)propyl group.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; morpholines	local anaesthetic
ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2.01	1	0	chromones
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.6	1	0	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	2.02	1	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	3.17	5	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	2.6	1	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.07	1	0	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	3.31	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; muscarinic antagonist
promazine Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.	2.6	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	2.63	2	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.79	3	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	2.31	1	0
3-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-iodo-1H-indol-2-one [no description available]	2.31	1	0	indoles
ranitidine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aralkylamine
rimantadine Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.	3.41	2	0	alkylamine
ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.	2.04	1	0	organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine	antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
rolipram [no description available]	2.63	2	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source	7.02	1	0	phenols; salicylamides	antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic
salmeterol xinafoate salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.	3.31	1	0	ether; phenols; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	2.07	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
scriptaid scriptide: provokes translocation of GLUT4 to increase glucose uptake; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	isoquinolines
sebacic acid sebacic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.	2.6	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
sennoside a&b [no description available]	1.98	1	0
alkannin [no description available]	2.31	1	0	naphthoquinone
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.46	2	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
fenofibrate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzochromenone; delta-lactone; naphtho-alpha-pyrone	platelet aggregation inhibitor; Sir2 inhibitor
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.53	2	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
imatinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine; benzamides; N-methylpiperazine; pyridines; pyrimidines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
sulfanitran [no description available]	2.04	1	0	sulfonamide
sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.	2.07	1	0	primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	2.73	3	0
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	2.04	1	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	3.83	3	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.	3.41	1	0	isothiocyanate; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes	antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
temozolomide [no description available]	2.1	1	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	2.04	1	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	2.46	2	0	diarylmethane
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	2.07	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	2.6	1	0	phthalimides; piperidones
thiethylperazine Thiethylperazine: A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457). thiethylperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is perazine substituted by a ethylsulfanyl group at position 2.	3.25	1	0	N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; serotonergic antagonist
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	3.87	3	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	2.07	1	0	aziridines
thiram Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.	7.6	1	0	organic disulfide	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	2.57	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	2.04	1	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	2.07	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
n,n,n',n'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine: a zinc ion chelating agent; structure given in first source. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is ethylenediamine in which the four amino hydrogens are replaced by 2-pyridylmethyl groups.	3.41	1	0	N-substituted diamine; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	apoptosis inducer; chelator; copper chelator
ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	2.6	1	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	2.07	1	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
triclosan [no description available]	2.31	1	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.	2.6	1	0	organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic
trigonelline trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.6	1	0	alkaloid; iminium betaine	food component; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite
trimethobenzamide trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.79	3	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tyrphostin a9 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	alkylbenzene	geroprotector
delavirdine Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.6	1	0	aminopyridine; indolecarboxamide; N-acylpiperazine; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
vesnarinone [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity
corticosterone [no description available]	3.54	7	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.46	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.21	1	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2.46	2	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	2.42	2	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
thymidine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.78	3	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	2.07	1	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	2.46	2	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	2.04	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	2.49	2	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
azauridine Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.	3.25	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	2.72	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	7.07	1	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.41	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	1.96	1	0	guanidines
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.73	3	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.31	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.6	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.49	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vincristine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.82	2	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.49	2	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.07	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	2.41	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	3.51	1	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.63	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2	1	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	3.92	2	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	2.6	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	7.44	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	2.69	2	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	7	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.04	1	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.	2.6	1	0	benzoxazole
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2.61	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	3.7	1	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.74	3	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.6	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	2.6	1	0	psoralens	plant metabolite
tubercidin Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.	2.6	1	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine; ribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	3.85	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	7.43	2	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	2.6	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	4.61	1	1	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sulfobromophthalein sodium bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.	2.73	3	0	organic sodium salt	dye
alizarin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	chromophore; dye; plant metabolite
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.5	2	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	7.47	2	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	4.61	1	1	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.81	3	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.02	1	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	2.13	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2.05	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.	2.06	1	0	pantothenic acid; vitamin B5	antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	3.45	7	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	2.8	3	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
9,10-anthraquinone 9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.	2.6	1	0	anthraquinone
salicylanilide salicylanilide: RN given refers to parent cpd. salicylanilide : An amide of salicylic acid and of aniline; it is therefore both a salicylamide and an anilide.	2.6	1	0	benzanilide fungicide; salicylamides; salicylanilides
gramine gramine : An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.	2.6	1	0	aminoalkylindole; indole alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.48	2	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
pyromellitic acid pyromellitic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyromellitic acid : A tetracarboxylic acid that is benzene substituted by four carboxy groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5 respectively.	2.31	1	0	benzoic acids; tetracarboxylic acid
aminacrine Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.	2.6	1	0	aminoacridines; primary amino compound	acid-base indicator; antiinfective agent; antiseptic drug; fluorescent dye; MALDI matrix material; mutagen
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.08	1	0	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	4.61	1	1	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.41	2	0	xanthene
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.21	1	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
methyl gallate methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.	2.6	1	0	gallate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 are replaced by nitro groups.	2	1	0	benzoic acids; C-nitro compound
anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.	2.07	1	0	monomethoxybenzene	plant metabolite
monobenzone monobenzone: structure. monobenzone : The monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone. It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation.	2.6	1	0	benzyl ether	allergen; dermatologic drug; melanin synthesis inhibitor
caprolactam Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	4.61	1	1	caprolactams	human blood serum metabolite
acrolein [no description available]	2.06	1	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
glyoxal [no description available]	7.17	1	0	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.15	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	4.61	1	1	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure	4.61	1	1	fatty acid ester
carbitol carbitol: used as lubricating oil & in braking fluid, structure. diethylene glycol monoethyl ether : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.	2.11	1	0	diether; glycol ether; hydroxypolyether; primary alcohol	protic solvent
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.46	2	0	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
chloranil Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.	2.31	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	2.02	1	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.07	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
monobutyl phthalate monobutyl phthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.25	1	0	phthalic acid monoester
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	1.99	1	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	2.6	1	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	8.19	17	1	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	3.23	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	4.61	1	1	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.07	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
thiazoles [no description available]	5.93	7	1	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.41	2	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	3.89	2	1	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.02	1	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	7.11	1	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.6	1	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.	2.04	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	human metabolite
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	3.43	1	1	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.99	4	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.07	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
rhein [no description available]	3.31	6	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone
lucanthone Lucanthone: One of the SCHISTOSOMICIDES, it has been replaced largely by HYCANTHONE and more recently PRAZIQUANTEL. (From Martindale The Extrapharmacopoeia, 30th ed., p46). lucanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. Formerly used for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It is a prodrug, being metabolised to hycanthone.	2.6	1	0	thioxanthenes	adjuvant; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; mutagen; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; schistosomicide drug
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	2.31	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	2.6	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.	2.6	1	0	aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.	2.51	2	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
dihydroberberine dihydroberberine: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	alkaloid
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	2.6	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
osthol osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	7.66	2	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
flavanone flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.	2.72	3	0	flavanones
dithiol dithiol: structure	2.31	1	0
phloretic acid phloretic acid: structure. N-hydroxysuccinimide ester : An ester of N-hydroxysuccinimide.. phloretic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of propionic acid having a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at the 3-position.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	plant metabolite
mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.	3.17	1	0	ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant
oleanolic acid [no description available]	3.15	5	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	2.31	1	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
abietic acid abietic acid : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-7,13-diene substituted by a carboxy group at position 18.	2.31	1	0	abietane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid	plant metabolite
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	4.45	6	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	2.04	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.25	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
angelicin angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure	2.6	1	0	furanocoumarin
flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.	9.67	8	0	flavones	metabolite; nematicide
diperodon diperodon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
muscone muscone: structure in first source	4.61	1	1
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	4.47	20	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.81	3	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
paeonol paeonol: structure	2.06	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
lactulose [no description available]	2.41	1	0	glycosylfructose	gastrointestinal drug; laxative
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	4.25	5	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.6	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid [no description available]	2.31	1	0
Berberine chloride (TN) [no description available]	3.89	3	0	organic molecular entity
glycochenodeoxycholic acid Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.	2.07	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.46	2	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.	2.04	1	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
agaric acid agaric acid: adenine nucleotide translocase antagonist	2.31	1	0
hydroxychloroquine sulfate [no description available]	2.6	1	0
vinblastine [no description available]	2.46	2	0
1-methylpyridinium 1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0	methylpyridines
deoxycytidine [no description available]	4.61	1	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.6	1	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
metformin hydrochloride metformin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of metformin with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.	2.6	1	0	hydrochloride	environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	7.41	2	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
methdilazine methdilazine : A phenothiazine substituted on nitrogen by a (1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl group; a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic properties.	3.25	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; phenothiazines	antipruritic drug; cholinergic antagonist; histamine antagonist
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	2.15	1	0
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	2.17	1	0	zinc molecular entity
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	7.31	1	0
antimycin a [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzamides; formamides; macrodiolide; phenols	antifungal agent; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; piscicide
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	5.59	27	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	4.43	4	1	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
1,2-epoxyhexane [no description available]	4.61	1	1
5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	bipyridines
dichlorobenzyl alcohol 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol : A member of the class of benzyl alcohols that is benzyl alcohol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 are replaced by chlorines.	2.6	1	0	benzyl alcohols; dichlorobenzene	antiseptic drug
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	7.03	1	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
phenethyl isothiocyanate phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.	2.78	3	0	isothiocyanate	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	2.13	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	2.02	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one: a preservative in water-based solutions such as paints, cutting fluids, printing inks, cleaning agents, polyvinyl chloride gloves, etc.. benzo[d]isothiazol-3-one : An organic heterobicyclic compound based on a fused 1,2-thiazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton, with the S atom positioned adjacent to one of the positions of ring fusion.	2.31	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound	disinfectant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sensitiser; xenobiotic
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.6	1	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
palmatine burasaine: structure in first source	4	13	0	berberine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	plant metabolite
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	2.21	1	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
streptomycin [no description available]	2.73	3	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.	2.6	1	0	adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	2.02	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
3-deazaadenosine 3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.6	1	0
lanthanum [no description available]	2.07	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	7.05	1	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.	2.15	1	0	vanadium group element atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2.1	1	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	5.41	3	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
tantalum Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.	2.15	1	0	vanadium group element atom
thulium Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.	4.61	1	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	4.61	1	1	titanium group element atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.49	2	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	4.61	1	1	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.	2.6	1	0	pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	2.6	1	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	2.47	2	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	9.38	6	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.15	1	0	calcium phosphate
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	2.48	2	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	4.61	1	1
poloxalene Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).	2.52	2	0	epoxide
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	4.61	1	1	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.17	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt	nutraceutical
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.08	1	0	cadmium coordination entity
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.	2.57	2	0	benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome
ancitabine Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.	2.6	1	0	diol; organic heterotricyclic compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
chloropyramine chloropyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.6	1	0	aminopyridine
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.6	1	0	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	2.57	2	0	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
n'-nitrosonornicotine N'-nitrosonornicotine: structure; a potent carcinogen in laboratory animals	2.6	1	0	pyridines; pyrrolidines
fluorides [no description available]	2.01	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
deslanoside Deslanoside: Deacetyllanatoside C. A cardiotonic glycoside from the leaves of Digitalis lanata.. deslanoside : A cardenolide glycoside that is lanatoside C with the acetoxy group replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.25	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; cardenolide glycoside; tetrasaccharide derivative	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; metabolite
keracyanin cyanidin 3-rutinoside: an anthocyanin compound. cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside chloride : A member of the class of anthocyanin chlorides that has cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside as the cationic counterpart.	2.05	1	0	anthocyanin chlorides
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	2.6	1	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	8.6	2	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
ergocristine ergocristine: an ergot alkaloid; one of the three components of ergotoxine; has alpha blocking action, stimulates smooth muscles & antagonizes serotonin; used as oxytocic & in peripheral disorders; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search EROLINES (77-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocristine : Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.	2.04	1	0	ergot alkaloid
pedalitin pedalitin: has antioxidant activity; isolated from Rabdosia japonica; structure in first source. pedalitin : A tetrahydroxy-monohydroxy-flavone, with the four hydroxy groups at C-3',-4',-5 and 6, and the methoxy group at C-7. It has been isolated from a number of plant species, including Eremosparton songoricum, Rabdosia japonica and Ruellia tuberosa.	3.31	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.07	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
4-anisaldehyde 4-anisaldehyde: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methoxy moieties; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #696. p-methoxybenzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4.	2.07	1	0	benzaldehydes	bacterial metabolite; human urinary metabolite; insect repellent; plant metabolite
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	8.6	8	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.	2.04	1	0	benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	7.15	1	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	3.28	6	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
glucaric acid Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.	2.21	1	0	glucaric acid	antineoplastic agent
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	1.99	1	0
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	2.04	1	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
ferrozine Ferrozine: A ferroin compound that forms a stable magenta-colored solution with the ferrous ion. The complex has an absorption peak at 562 nm and is used as a reagent and indicator for iron.	2.05	1	0
zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.	3.13	5	0	azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	7.85	3	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	5.54	4	1	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2.75	3	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	2.31	1	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	4.81	3	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
pyridoxal phosphate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	pyridinecarbaldehyde
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.46	2	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	2.46	2	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	2.66	2	0	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
mefloquine (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	3.31	1	0	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol	antimalarial
nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	4.06	3	0	benzamides; carboxylic ester
laurocapram laurocapram: enhances percutaneous absorption of different chemicals; structure given in first source	2.43	2	0
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	4.14	4	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
oltipraz oltipraz : A 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively.	2.6	1	0	1,2-dithiole; pyrazines	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimutagen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; neurotoxin; protective agent; schistosomicide drug
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.46	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
fiacitabine fiacitabine: anti-herpes virus agent which also inhibits growth of certain human tumor cell lines in vitro.	2.6	1	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	2.07	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.46	2	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	2.46	2	0	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.	2.46	2	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	7.76	3	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.	2.57	2	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol
brequinar brequinar : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties.	2.6	1	0	biphenyls; monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	7.25	1	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.9	2	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.52	2	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
sparfloxacin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.	2.6	1	0	phosphonic acids; pyrimidone	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	2.07	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
celgosivir celgosivir: inhibits glycoprotein processing & the growth of HIVs	2.6	1	0
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	5.12	2	1	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
atorvastatin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	2.46	2	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
irinotecan [no description available]	9.64	8	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.57	2	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.6	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.6	1	0	6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug
emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	2.57	2	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	2.78	3	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
octyl gallate [no description available]	2.6	1	0	gallate ester	food antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
ferric citrate ferric citrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(III) citrate : An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).	7.07	1	0	iron chelate	anti-anaemic agent; nutraceutical
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.15	1	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
zinc ethylphenyldithiocarbamate [no description available]	2.31	1	0
tantalum oxide tantalum oxide: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; used for surgical implants	2.15	1	0
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	2.08	1	0	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
benzylaminopurine benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.	2.07	1	0	6-aminopurines	cytokinin; plant metabolite
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.	2.03	1	0
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.57	2	0	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	3.97	3	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	5.62	68	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
lanthanum chloride lanthanum chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.07	1	0
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
n-methylnicotinamide N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	2.46	2	0	pyridinecarboxamide	metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.96	4	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
betulinic acid [no description available]	3.9	3	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
arctigenin arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants	2.6	1	0	lignan
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	2.6	1	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
amprenavir [no description available]	2.57	2	0	carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	7.69	2	0	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
allicin [no description available]	3.41	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; sulfoxide	antibacterial agent
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	5.5	7	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
gallocatechol gallocatechol: structure give in first source; RN given for (trans-(+-))-omer; inhibits DNA-dependent DNA & RNA polymerases. (+)-gallocatechin : A gallocatechin that has (2R,3S)-configuration. It is found in green tea and bananas.. gallocatechin : A catechin that is a flavan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 3', 4', 5, 5' and 7 (the trans isomer). It is isolated from Acacia mearnsii.	2.17	1	0	gallocatechin	antioxidant; metabolite; radical scavenger
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.81	3	0	gallate ester; galloyl beta-D-glucose	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger
cephalotaxine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; cyclic acetal; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
desipramine hydrochloride desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.	2.6	1	0	hydrochloride	drug allergen
mefloquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydrochloride
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.52	2	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
aloxistatin aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.	2.6	1	0	epoxide; ethyl ester; L-leucine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide	anticoronaviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor
propazole propazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles
prulifloxacin prulifloxacin: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic
repaglinide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.57	2	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
bergenin bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure	2.6	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	metabolite
naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.	2.07	1	0
5-hydroxyflavone [no description available]	2.52	2	0	flavones
sanguinarine chloride [no description available]	2.04	1	0
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.6	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	2.6	1	0	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
brinzolamide brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent	2.6	1	0	sulfonamide; thienothiazine	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
malvidin chloride [no description available]	2.05	1	0
bromopyruvate 3-bromopyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine. Synthetic brominated derivative and structural analog of pyruvic acid. Highly reactive alkylating agent. Anti-cancer drug	3.41	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; organobromine compound; oxo carboxylic acid	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
dipropylacetamide dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.	2.6	1	0	fatty amide	geroprotector; metabolite; teratogenic agent
oxprenolol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0
uk 68798 [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
dapoxetine [no description available]	4.61	1	1	naphthalenes
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	2.02	1	0	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
tocophersolan tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.83	3	0	tocol
opipramol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0
voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.	4.61	1	1	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	P450 inhibitor
moroxydine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	biguanides
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.07	1	0	benzofurans
thioxolone tioxolone : A 1,3-benzoxathiole having a hydroxy substituent at the 6-position.	2.6	1	0	benzoxathiole	antiseborrheic
vanitiolide [no description available]	2.31	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
ubenimex ubenimex: growth inhibitor	2.07	1	0
epicatechin (-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.99	4	0	catechin; polyphenol	antioxidant
gallocatechol (-)-epigallocatechin : A flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.05	1	0	catechin; flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol	antioxidant; food component; plant metabolite
6-hydroxyflavone 6-hydroxyflavone: antioxidant; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
hesperetin [no description available]	2.51	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
magnolol [no description available]	3.97	3	0	biphenyls
tetrahydropalmatine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	an (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine; berberine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	adrenergic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
honokiol [no description available]	3.97	3	0	biphenyls
columbamine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	berberine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
chelerythrine chloride [no description available]	2.04	1	0
coptisine coptisine: RN given refers to parent cpd	7.98	4	0	alkaloid	metabolite
jatrorrhizine jatrorrhizine: isolated from bark of Enantia chlorantha (Annonaceae); structure given in first source	8.16	5	0	alkaloid
nobiletin nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.6	1	0	methoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lycorine lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.	3.82	2	0	indolizidine alkaloid	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
leupeptin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
carbobenzoxyvalylphenylalanine aldehyde Z-Val-Phe-H : A dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-valine with the amino group of L-phenylalanine aldehyde. It is a potent cell-permeable inhibitor of calpain I and II, and is also a gamma-secretase inhibitor.	3.41	1	0	aldehyde; carbamate ester; dipeptide	antileishmanial agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor; EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
pacein PAcein: structure. pacein : A member of the class of benzofurans that is dibenzo[b,d]furan-3,7-dione bearing two methyl substituents at positions 1 and 9 as well as two 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylanilino substituents at positions 2 and 8.. orcein : A variable mixture of several compounds isolated from lichens, the eight most abundant being alpha-aminoorcein, alpha-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorcein, gamma-aminoorcein, beta-hydroxyorcein, gamma-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorceimine and beta-aminoorceimine (all are phenoxazine-based). It is used for the demonstration of elastic fibres as well as to stain the rough endoplasmic reticulum of hepatitis B infected liver cells.	3.31	1	0
alantolactone alantolactone: allergenic sesquiterpene lactone; crystalline mixture of alantolactones from group of sesquiterpenes; structure. alantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one bearing two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 8a as well as a methylidene substituent at position 3.	2.07	1	0	naphthofuran; olefinic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.52	2	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
(-)-catechin (-)-catechin : The (-)-enantiomer of catechin.	2.15	1	0	catechin	metabolite
isoalantolactone isoalantolactone: RN given refers to (3aR-(3aalpha,4aalpha,8abeta,9aalpha))-isomer; structure. isoalantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group. It has been isolated from Inula helenium.	2.07	1	0	eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; sesquiterpene lactone	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
LSM-4272 [no description available]	2.31	1	0	beta-carbolines
calpeptin [no description available]	3.92	2	0	amino acid amide
fangchinoline [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; macrocycle	anti-HIV-1 agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
arjunolic acid arjunolic acid: oleanane type; isol from Cochlospermum tinctorium (Bixaceae); structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2alpha,3beta,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/89. arjunolic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 23 (the 2alpha,3beta stereoisomer). Isolated from Symplocos lancifolia and Juglans sinensis, it exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.	2.01	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antioxidant; metabolite
maslinic acid (2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria	2.6	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
triphenylmethylphosphonium triphenylmethylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.31	1	0
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
methyl alpha-d-galactopyranoside methyl-galactopyranoside: structure in first source. methyl alpha-D-galactoside : An alpha-D-galactoside having a methyl substituent at the anomeric position.	3.51	1	0	alpha-D-galactoside; methyl D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative
3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid: metabolite of flavoxate; RN in Chemline for the Na salt: 58348-97-3. 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of flavones that is flavone substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 8 by a carboxylic acid group.	2.01	1	0	flavones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
eletriptan eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.	2.07	1	0	indoles; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.51	2	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
4-nitrophenylglucuronide 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid having a 4-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.	2.04	1	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; C-nitro compound	chromogenic compound
acetaminophen glucuronide acetaminophen glucuronide: acetaminophen metabolite in rats. acetaminophen O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen).	2.04	1	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid	drug metabolite
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	2.07	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
loganin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; cyclopentapyran; enoate ester; iridoid monoterpenoid; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
gentiopicroside gentiopicroside: a secoiridoid in Gentiana with rearrangement to two pyran rings	2.74	3	0	glycoside
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	5.48	4	1	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
moexipril [no description available]	2.6	1	0	peptide
aucubin [no description available]	2.79	3	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
catalpol [no description available]	2.57	2	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
alpha-curcumene alpha-curcumene: active priniciple in essential oils of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. alpha-curcumene : A sesquiterpene that is 2-methyl-2-heptene in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is substituted by a p-tolyl group.	3.25	1	0	sesquiterpene
adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphate [no description available]	2.07	1	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
lekoptin (S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.	2.6	1	0	2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
lopinavir [no description available]	7.26	6	1	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
methyl beta-galactoside methyl beta-galactoside: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer. methyl galactoside : A methyl glycoside in which the H of the OH group on C-1 of galactose is replaced by a methyl group.. methyl beta-D-galactoside : A beta-D-galactopyranoside having a methyl substituent at the anomeric position.	3.51	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; methyl D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative
pyrimidine dimers Pyrimidine Dimers: Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.	7.96	4	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.48	2	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
s-(4-bromobenzyl)glutathione S-(4-bromobenzyl)glutathione: inhibits glyoxalase I; cleaved in extracellular medium by gamma-glutamyl transferase	2.04	1	0
zpck ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin	2.31	1	0
fangchinoline fangchinoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; limacine is the (1'beta)-isomer; 7-O-demethyltetrandrine is the (1S,1'S)-isomer. fangchinoline : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is (1beta)- berbaman which has been substituted by methyl groups at the 2 and 2' positions, by methoxy groups at the 6, 6', and 12 positions, and by a hydroxy group at position 7. Isolated from Stephania tetrandra, it has been found to possess neuroprotective and anti-tumour activity.	2.03	1	0
tingenone tingenone: quinonoid triterpene isolated from Euonymus tingens	2.31	1	0
methyl mannoside, (alpha-d)-isomer methylmannoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; see also record for 3-O-methylmannose. methyl alpha-D-mannoside : A methyl mannoside having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.	3.51	1	0	alpha-D-mannoside; methyl mannoside
n-methyladenosine N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.	2.6	1	0	methyladenosine
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1-hexadecanol 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1-hexadecanol: intermediate in conversion of phytol to phytanic acid	3.25	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	2.52	2	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds	2.46	2	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
1,n(6)-ethenoadenine 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine: biologically active fluorescent derivatives of this cpd potentially valuable in studies concerning interactions between adenine cpds & various enzymes for which they serve as substrates or co-factors; structure	4.61	1	1	imidazo[2,1-i]purine	mutagen
thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.	4.61	1	1	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; organochlorine compound; oxadiazane	antifeedant; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
sivelestat sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	N-acylglycine; pivalate ester
pyronaridine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aminoquinoline
saikosaponin d [no description available]	2.41	2	0
hypotaurine [no description available]	2.31	1	0	aminosulfinic acid; zwitterion	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
geniposide [no description available]	5.29	48	0	terpene glycoside
epicatechin gallate epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.	2.05	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	3.06	4	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	2.05	1	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	2.57	2	0
homoorientin homoorientin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	flavone C-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; radical scavenger
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	8.93	3	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
gastrodin gastrodin: the glucoside of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (gastrodigenin); isolated from Gastrodia elata Blume;	2.21	1	0	glycoside
stachydrine stachydrine: RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt (S)-isomer; structure. L-proline betaine : An amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.	2.03	1	0	alkaloid; amino-acid betaine; N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid	food component; human blood serum metabolite; plant metabolite
estrone-3-glucuronide [no description available]	2.1	1	0	17-oxo steroid; beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; steroid glucosiduronic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sophocarpine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
elacridar Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source	2.79	3	0
n-benzyloxycarbonylprolylprolinal N-benzyloxycarbonylprolylprolinal: inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase	3.15	1	0
astragaloside a [no description available]	2.5	2	0
celastrol [no description available]	2.82	2	0	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
procyanidin b2 procyanidin B2 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine.	2.05	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	antioxidant; metabolite
aromadedrin aromadedrin: inhibits protein kinase C; the dihydro makes it a flavone rather than a flavonol. (+)-dihydrokaempferol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having hydroxy groupa at the 3-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions.	2.05	1	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroflavonols; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetrahydroxyflavanone	metabolite
niobium pentoxide [no description available]	2.15	1	0
phenoxy radical phenoxy radical : An organic radical generated from phenol.	2.02	1	0	organic radical
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	5.24	3	1	nitrogen oxoacid
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	4.96	2	1	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	4.96	2	1	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)	2.6	1	0	leucine derivative
angiotensin ii, des-phe(8)- Ile(5)-angiotensin II (1-7) : An angiotensin compound consisting of the linear heptapeptide sequence L-Asp-L-Arg-L-Val-L-Tyr-L-Ile-L-His-L-Pro.	2.11	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin	vasodilator agent
interleukin-1beta (163-171) interleukin-1beta (163-171): nonapeptide which has in vivo immunostimulating activity	2.02	1	0
vadimezan vadimezan : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 5,6-dimethyl-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl group.	2.6	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; xanthones	antineoplastic agent
e 64 E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)	2.6	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoamide; epoxy monocarboxylic acid; guanidines; L-leucine derivative; zwitterion	antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; protease inhibitor
glabridin [no description available]	3.31	1	0	hydroxyisoflavans	antiplasmodial drug
skullcapflavone ii skullcapflavone II: cytotoxic principle from Scutellariae radix; structure given in first source. scullcapflavone II : A tetramethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 7, 8 and 6' and hydroxy groups at positons 5 and 2' respectively.	1.99	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; tetramethoxyflavone	anti-asthmatic drug; plant metabolite
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-n,n',n''-triacetic acid 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid: structure given in first source	3.41	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	8.02	4	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
3',6-dinitroflavone [no description available]	2	1	0
s-4-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester S-4-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester: a glyoxylase I inhibitor	2.04	1	0
delphinidin delphinidin: RN given refers to parent cpd;. delphinidin : An anthocyanidin cation consisting of benzopyrylium with hydroxy substituents at the 3-, 5- and 7-positions and a 3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl group at the 2-position. It is a plant pigment responsible for the colours of the plants of the genera Viola and Delphinium.	2.05	1	0	5-hydroxyanthocyanidin	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; plant metabolite
cyanidin cyanidin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanidin cation : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted at positions 3, 3', 4', 5 and 7 by hydroxy groups.	2.05	1	0	5-hydroxyanthocyanidin	antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.	2.07	1	0	biphenyls
umifenovir umifenovir: an antiviral agent	3.76	2	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
safinamide safinamide: short-acting inhibitor of MOA-B; FCE 26743 is (S)-isomer, FCE 28073 is (R)-isomer; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
calcium borate calcium borate: RN given refers to cpd with MF CaB4O7	4.61	1	1
sinensetin sinensetin: isolated from citrus fruit; exhibit antiadhesive action on platelets. sinensetin : A pentamethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.11	1	0	pentamethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
3',4'-dihydroxyflavone 3',4'-dihydroxyflavone: inhibitors of arachidonic acid peroxidation	2.63	2	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.03	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonol: a neuroprotective agent	2.25	1	0	hydroxyflavan
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	5.03	2	1	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).	2.57	2	0	carbohydrazide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	7.57	2	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	3.62	2	0	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
evodiamine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	beta-carbolines
naphthyl glucuronide naphthyl glucuronide: RN given refers to D-glucosiduronic acid, 1-naphthyl	2	1	0
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.31	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
vx 497 N-3-(3-(3-methoxy-4-oxazol-5-ylphenyl)ureido)benzylcarbamic acid tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
bcx 1812 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; acetamides; cyclopentanols; guanidines	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
schizandrin a schizandrin A: the major lignan, 2-9%, of Schisandra plant; has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities	3.31	1	0
disopyramide, (s)-isomer [no description available]	2.04	1	0
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	5.08	3	1	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	3.39	7	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
olmesartan olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866	2.6	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
telbivudine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
apigeninidin apigeninidin: a sorghum phytoalexin; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
celastrol methyl ester celastrol methyl ester: isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii; potent inhibitory activity on both Kir2.1 and ERG1 potassium channels, leading to LONG QT SYNDROME	2.82	2	0	carboxylic ester
resiquimod S 28463: structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	imidazoquinoline
miltirone miltirone: from Salvis miltiorrhiza Bunge; central benzodiazepine receptor ligand; structure given in first source	2.31	1	0	abietane diterpenoid
cryptotanshinone cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza	2.31	1	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.05	1	0
epiberberine epiberberine: isolated in plants of Coptis from China	2.57	2	0
isovitexin [no description available]	3.63	2	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
tanshinone ii a tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source	2.82	2	0	abietane diterpenoid
2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2h)-one 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2H)-one: structure given in first source; sulfur analog of ebselen	2.31	1	0
4'-hydroxyflavanone 4'-hydroxyflavanone: structure in first source. 4'-hydroxyflavanones : Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'.	2.05	1	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; monohydroxyflavanone
anacardic acid anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor. anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybenzoic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone: from Piper longicaudatum; structure in first source. 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone : A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' and 6' and a methoxy group at position 4' respectively.	2.01	1	0	dihydrochalcones; monomethoxybenzene; polyphenol	antiplasmodial drug; radical scavenger
procyanidin C1 procyanidin trimer C1: a flavonoid found in multiple plant sources including grape, apple, and cacao, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. procyanidin C1 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of three (-)-epicatechin units joined by two successive (4beta->8)-linkages.	2.05	1	0	hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
varenicline Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.	2.07	1	0
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	3.28	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.41	2	0
migalastat migalastat: a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesis	2.6	1	0	piperidines
erlotinib [no description available]	4.13	4	0	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
2'-hydroxyflavanone [no description available]	2.05	1	0
jtp 4819 JTP 4819: a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor; structure given in first source	3.15	1	0
limonin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	epoxide; furans; hexacyclic triterpenoid; lactone; limonoid; organic heterohexacyclic compound	inhibitor; metabolite; volatile oil component
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.	3.94	12	0	glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
fixb protein, e coli muscarinic toxin 2: muscarinic agonists from Dendroaspis angusticeps; amino acid sequence given in first source. alpha-D-mannoside : Any mannoside in which the anomeric centre has alpha-configuration.. alpha-D-mannose : D-Mannopyranose having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.	3.51	1	0	D-mannopyranose	epitope
5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone: from Mosla Soochowensis Matsuda; structure given in first source	3.51	1	0
carboxyebselen carboxyebselen: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor	2.31	1	0
etravirine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; dinitrile; organobromine compound	antiviral agent; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
n(4)-hydroxycytidine N(4)-hydroxycytidine : A nucleoside analogue that is cytidine which carries a hydroxy group at the N(4)-positon. It has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against influenza, SARS-CoV , SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV.	3.51	1	0	ketoxime; nucleoside analogue	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; drug metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
chelidonine chelidonine: benzophenanthridine derived from scoulerine from Chelidonium majus; RN given refers to parent cpd (chelidonine, (5bR-(5balpha,6beta,12alpha))-isomer)	2.6	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; alkaloid fundamental parent; benzophenanthridine alkaloid
4-n-butylresorcinol 4-n-butylresorcinol: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	resorcinols
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	2.82	2	0	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
dapivirine Dapivirine: effectively prevented human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in cocultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and T cells, representing primary targets in sexual transmission	2.6	1	0
1-methylpropyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide 1-methylpropyl-2-imidazolyl disulfide: a thioredoxin inhibitor with antineoplastic activity	3.82	2	0	imidazoles
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	3.15	5	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	2.96	4	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
4'-hydroxyflavone 4'-hydroxyflavone: structure in first source	2.25	1	0
nsc 74859 NSC 74859: inhibits Stat3 binding activity; structure in first source. S3I-201 : An amidobenzoic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)oxy]acetic acid with the amino group of 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid.	2.6	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; tosylate ester	STAT3 inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.21	1	0
lupeol [no description available]	3.31	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite
gardenin a gardenin A: promotes neurite outgrowth; structure in first source	2.45	2	0
nsc 95397 [no description available]	2.31	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones
berbamine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
t 1105 T 1105: has antiviral activity; structure in first source	3.25	1	0
u-104 SLC-0111: a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
7-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl)-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxanyl]-1-benzopyran-4-one [no description available]	2.6	1	0	glycoside
jatrorrhizine chloride [no description available]	2.07	1	0
nsc 663284 NSC 663284: structure in first source	2.31	1	0	quinolone
taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.	2.07	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bortezomib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	6.22	5	1	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
tizoxanide tizoxanide: major metabolite of nitazoxanide; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	salicylamides
permanganate [no description available]	4.61	1	1	manganese oxoacid
carboplatin [no description available]	4.61	1	1
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	7.41	1	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.52	2	0
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	3.51	1	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	5.37	10	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid: from S. miltiorhiza Bge; dilates coronary artery; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.45	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; catechols
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.07	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.77	3	0	taxifolin	metabolite
taurolithocholic acid Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.	2.46	2	0	bile acid taurine conjugate; monocarboxylic acid amide	human metabolite
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	2.71	3	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.52	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.31	1	0	cellotriose
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	7.99	4	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
conessine conessine : A steroid alkaloid that is con-5-enine substituted by a N,N-dimethylamino group at position 3. It has been isolated from the plant species of the family Apocynaceae.	2.6	1	0	steroid alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; H3-receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	2.79	3	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
abacavir abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.	2.82	2	0	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; drug allergen; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
linezolid [no description available]	8.01	2	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
ginsenoside rf ginsenoside Rf: from ginseng. ginsenoside Rf : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	7.05	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
ginsenoside rg1 [no description available]	3.52	2	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent
notoginsenoside r1 notoginsenoside R1 : A ginsenoside found in Panax notoginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.86	3	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; neuroprotective agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
ferruginol ferruginol: structure in first source. ferruginol : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at positions 12.	2.31	1	0	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; meroterpenoid; phenols	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite; protective agent
isopimaric acid isopimaric acid: isolated from the bark of Illicium jadifengpi	2.31	1	0	carbotricyclic compound; diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid
cephaelin cephaelin: do not confuse with cephalin of brain; after emetine this is the most important alkaloid of ipecac; protein synthesis inhibitor. cephaeline : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having a hydroxy group at the 6'-position and methoxy substituents at the 7'-, 10- and 11-positions.	2.6	1	0	pyridoisoquinoline
asebogenin asebogenin: from Piper longicaudatum; structure in first source. asebogenin : A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of phloretin.	2.01	1	0	dihydrochalcones	plant metabolite
genipin [no description available]	2.02	1	0	iridoid monoterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; hepatotoxic agent; uncoupling protein inhibitor
naringin [no description available]	3.9	3	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
isonaringin isonaringin: structure in first source. narirutin : A disaccharide derivative that is (S)-naringenin substituted by a 6-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.52	2	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
swertiamarin swertiamarin: seco-iridoid glucoside from Swertia japonica;	7.1	1	0	glycoside
5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone baicalein 5,6,7-trimethyl ether: stimulates fatty acid beta-oxidation; structure in first source. 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone : A trimethoxyflavone that is the 5,6,7-trimethyl ether derivative of baicalein. It has been isolated from the plant Callicarpa japonica and has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity.	2.47	2	0	trimethoxyflavone	anti-HSV-1 agent; plant metabolite
(-)-usnic acid (-)-usnic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of usnic acid.	2.6	1	0	usnic acid	EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
Chebulagic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	0	tannin
gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.	2.15	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	3.03	4	0
acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal: a proteasome inhibitor. acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal : A tripeptide composed of N-acetylleucyl, leucyl and norleucinal residues joined in sequence.	4.17	3	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	cysteine protease inhibitor
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	2.01	1	0	tripeptide
geniposidic acid [no description available]	2.41	1	0	terpene glycoside
teprotide Teprotide: A synthetic nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is identical to the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It inhibits kininase II and ANGIOTENSIN I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.	2.02	1	0	peptide
1-O-Acetyllycorine 1-acetyllycorine: has antiviral activity; structure in first source	3.31	1	0	alkaloid
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.99	4	0	cyclodextrin
acarbose [no description available]	2.07	1	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.07	1	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	4.61	1	1	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.71	3	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	5.83	6	1	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	7.06	1	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2.6	1	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	3.02	4	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).	2.07	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	2.01	1	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	3.25	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
lycopene [no description available]	2.6	1	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	3.01	3	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gw 3965 GW 3965: a liver X receptor ligand	2.31	1	0	diarylmethane
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	2.46	2	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
roflumilast [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; benzamides; chloropyridine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound	anti-asthmatic drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
L-cycloserine L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.	2.6	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one	anti-HIV agent; anticonvulsant; EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.6	1	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	5.33	51	0
kt 5720 KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.	2.15	1	0	carboxylic ester; gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol	EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
12-deoxyphorbol 13-acetate [no description available]	3.25	1	0	phorbol ester	metabolite
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	2.46	2	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	2.07	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
bevirimat bevirimat: an HIV inhibitor; disrupts late step in processing HIV Major Core Protein p24, preventing the capsid precursor p25 from being converted to mature capsid p24. bevirimat : A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems.	2.6	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	HIV-1 maturation inhibitor; metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	4.17	3	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.89	3	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
6-bromoflavone 6-bromoflavone: a high affinity ligand for the central benzodiazepine receptors; structure given in first source	2	1	0
schizandrin schizandrin: a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan; schizandra is the plant name	7.11	1	0
posaconazole [no description available]	3.82	2	0	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
gw 257406x maribavir: has antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus	2.6	1	0
negletein negletein: structure in first source	2.85	3	0	ether; flavonoids
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	3.92	2	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
4,4-difluoro-N-[(1S)-3-[3-(3-methyl-5-propan-2-yl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	tropane alkaloid
cmx 001 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
amd 8664 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
bay 41-4109 BAY 41-4109: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
bay 57-1293 pritelivir: herpes simplex virus 1 helicase-primase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
favipiravir favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.	4.24	2	0	hydroxypyrazine; organofluorine compound; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
2'-c-methylcytidine 2'-C-methylcytidine: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
likviriton liquiritin: isoalted from Glycyrrhizae radix. liquiritin : A flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage.	3.35	6	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monohydroxyflavanone; monosaccharide derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; plant metabolite
2,3-bis(bromomethyl)quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide conoidin A: inhibits the peroxiredoxin TgPrx11; structure in first source	4.61	1	1
isoxanthohumol isoxanthohumol: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	flavanones
1-(2-Naphthylmethyl)-2,3-dioxo-indoline-5-carboxamide [no description available]	2.31	1	0	indolecarboxamide	anticoronaviral agent
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	7.21	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-n-hydroxybutanamide 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-N-hydroxybutanamide: a c-FLIP inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
mecarbinate [no description available]	2.6	1	0
carbenoxolone [no description available]	3.31	1	0
methyl ursolate methyl ursolate: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	2.47	2	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.07	1	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
glycosides [no description available]	5.07	12	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	3.31	1	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
citral citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange.	3.31	1	0	enal; monoterpenoid; polyprenal	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	4.14	3	1	stilbene
gw9662 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding	2.07	1	0	benzamides
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal: a capase inhibitor. Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-H : A tetrapeptide consisting of two L-aspartic acid residues, an L-glutamyl residue and an L-valine residue with an acetyl group at the N-terminal and with the C-terminal carboxy group reduced to an aldehyde. It is an inhibitor of caspase-3/7.	2.6	1	0	tetrapeptide	protease inhibitor
lanatoside c lanatoside C: RN given refers to (3beta,5beta,12beta)-isomer	3.31	1	0
octotropine methylbromide octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.	2.6	1	0
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	3.63	2	0
chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.	2.46	2	0	chlorprothixene
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	3.76	2	0	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
jrf 12 N2,N4-dibenzylquinazoline-2,4-diamine: a selective, potent, reversible, and ATP-competitive p97 inhibitor	2.6	1	0
3,6-dihydroxyflavone 3,6-dihydroxyflavone: induces apoptosis in leukemia HL-60 cells; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
3,4'-dihydroxyflavone 3,4'-dihydroxyflavone: an antioxidant; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	3.57	8	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-nitroethylene 4-methoxy-beta-nitrostyrene: has vasodilator activity; structure in first source	2.31	1	0	methoxybenzenes
3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propenoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid : A methoxycinnamic acid that is trans-cinnamic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 3' and 4' respectively.	2.6	1	0	methoxycinnamic acid
isoferulic acid isoferulic acid: isomer of ferulic acid; structure. isoferulic acid : A ferulic acid consisting of trans-cinnamic acid bearing methoxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 4 and 3 respectively on the phenyl ring.	2.57	2	0	ferulic acids	antioxidant; biomarker; metabolite
cyclouridine cyclouridine: structure given in third source	2.6	1	0
tetrahydropalmatine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	10.55	7	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
nootkatone nootkatone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. (+)-nootkatone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).	2.07	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; enone; sesquiterpenoid	fragrance; insect repellent; plant metabolite
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
zucapsaicin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.05	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
nbd 556 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	5.83	34	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thioacetamide Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.	7.72	2	0	thiocarboxamide	hepatotoxic agent
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	2.46	2	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione 4,5,6,7-tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione: inhibits ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1	2.6	1	0
1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole 1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole: intermediate in the synthesis of imidazolineoxyl N-oxides; partial structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	benzoic acid; imidazolines; organic radical	apoptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.46	2	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.	2.07	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
nadp [no description available]	2	1	0
6-hydroxyflavanone 6-hydroxyflavanone : A monohydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6.	2.05	1	0	monohydroxyflavanone	fungal xenobiotic metabolite
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	3.29	6	0
2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone: structure in first source. 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone : A quinolone consisting of quinolin-4(1H)-one carrying a heptyl substituent at position 2 and a hydroxy group at position 3.	2.31	1	0	quinolone	signalling molecule
srpin340 SRPIN340: Serine-Arginine-Rich Protein Kinase Inhibitor	2.6	1	0
pr-619 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
5-(4-Chloro-benzenesulfonyl)-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine [no description available]	2.31	1	0	sulfonic acid derivative	anticoronaviral agent
p5091 P5091: inhibits ubiquitin-specific protease 7; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
S-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl] 5-(phenylethynyl)furan-2-carbothioate [no description available]	2.31	1	0	acetylenic compound; furans; organofluorine compound; thioester; triazoles
fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.	2.04	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.	7.76	2	0	carbohydrate-containing antibiotic; L-proline derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; S-glycosyl compound	antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
trovirdine trovirdine: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.46	2	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	2.15	1	0	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
fti 277 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.84	3	0	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
vicriviroc vicriviroc: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
telaprevir [no description available]	2.82	2	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
glycylproline Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.	2.07	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	4.61	1	1	nitrogen oxide
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.6	1	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
quinine [no description available]	4.62	4	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
glycodeoxycholic acid Glycodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.	2.07	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
hirsutine [no description available]	3.31	1	0
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	2.6	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
n-(n-(phenyl)butyryl-l-prolyl)pyrrolidine N-(N-(phenyl)butyryl-L-prolyl)pyrrolidine: inhibits prolyl endopeptidase; structure given in first source	3.15	1	0
ladanein ladanein: from Marrubium peregrinum; structure in first source. ladanein : A dimethoxyflavone that is scutellarein in which the hydroxy groups at positions 4' and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is an effective anti-HCV agent.	2.15	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; dimethoxyflavone	antiviral agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.07	1	0
wogonoside wogonoside: from Scutellaria baicalensis; structure in first source. wogonin 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of wogonin.	5.33	51	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monohydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	10.03	12	0
silybin [no description available]	3.25	1	0
yya-021 YYA-021: an HIV entry inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
N-(4-Butan-2-ylphenyl)-N-[2-(cyclopentylamino)-2-oxo-1-pyridin-3-ylethyl]furan-2-carboxamide [no description available]	2.31	1	0	aromatic amide; furans	anticoronaviral agent
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	3.79	10	0
1,8-dinitro-4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone 1,8-dinitro-4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone: structure in first source	3.25	1	0
sto 609 STO 609: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	naphthoic acid
8-(Trifluoromethyl)-9H-purin-6-amine [no description available]	2.31	1	0	6-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent
l 663536 MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.	2.31	1	0	aryl sulfide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist
6-bromo-3'-nitroflavone 6-bromo-3'-nitroflavone: a synthetic flavonoid with high affinity for the benzodiazepine receptors	2	1	0
suramin sodium suramin(6-) : An organosulfate oxoanion that is the hexanion of suramin resulting from the deprotonation of the six sulfo groups; major species at pH 7.3.	2.31	1	0	organosulfate oxoanion
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	2.08	1	0
4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione: a GSK3beta inhibitor. TDZD-8 : A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). An experimental compound which was being developed for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.31	1	0	benzenes; thiadiazolidine	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
sb 415286 3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	C-nitro compound; maleimides; monochlorobenzenes; phenols; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
sitagliptin sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.82	2	0	triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.78	3	0	long-chain fatty acid
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.13	1	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	3.31	1	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
ginkgetin ginkgetin: from Cephalotaxus drupacea; biflavone; active against HSV-1; structure given in first source. ginkgetin : A biflavonoid that is the 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2.	2.31	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; methoxyflavone; ring assembly	anti-HSV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; metabolite
ganhuangenin ganhuangenin: flavonoid from Scutellaria rehderiana; lipid peroxide antagonist	2.43	2	0
tak-220 TAK-220: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
catechin gallate catechin gallate: structure in first source. (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-catechin.	2.05	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	metabolite
jtk-303 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
nbd 557 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
quercetin [no description available]	7.04	31	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	4.13	4	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	3.98	13	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
biochanin a [no description available]	2.72	3	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
formononetin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
vitexin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.	2.69	2	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	11.11	22	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	5.62	13	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.07	1	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
quercitrin [no description available]	4.77	5	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.05	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
herbacetin herbacetin: from Ramose Scouring Rush Herb; structure in first source. herbacetin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is kaempferol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. It is a natural flavonoid from flaxseed which exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.	2.66	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	2.08	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
5'-o-caffeoylquinic acid trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid : A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid.	2.6	1	0	cinnamate ester; cyclitol carboxylic acid	plant metabolite
luteolin-7-glucoside luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.98	4	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antioxidant; plant metabolite
gossypetin gossypetin: inhibits activity of penicillinase enzyme in E coli. gossypetin : A hexahydroxyflavone having the hydroxy groups placed at the 3-, 3'-, 4'-, 5- 7- and 8-positions.	2.57	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
chrysoeriol chrysoeriol: isolated from leaves of Eurya japonica & E. emarginata. 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone : The 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin.	2.57	2	0	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
apigetrin apigetrin: structure given in first source. apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is apigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.41	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antibacterial agent; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
apiin apiin: structure. apiin : A beta-D-glucoside having a beta-D-apiosyl residue at the 2-position and a 5,4'-dihydroxyflavon-7-yl moiety at the anomeric position.	2.11	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone	EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
cyclosporine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	4.61	1	1	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells	4.14	4	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antipruritic drug; bone density conservation agent; geroprotector; histamine antagonist; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	6.47	22	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	4.77	9	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.6	1	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	4.25	5	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	3.31	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.46	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
eprosartan eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.	2.6	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; imidazoles; thiophenes	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.6	1	0	carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.	2.6	1	0	2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	7.07	1	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
butein [no description available]	2.05	1	0	chalcones; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; radiosensitizing agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	3.41	1	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
isobavachalcone isobavachalcone: RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source. isobavachalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'.	3.56	2	0	chalcones; polyphenol	antibacterial agent; metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
genistin genistin: glycoside of soy bean isoflavone, gentistein	7.77	3	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
esculin [no description available]	2.41	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; metabolite
costunolide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	germacranolide; heterobicyclic compound	anthelminthic drug; antiinfective agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; antiviral drug; metabolite
caryophyllene (-)-beta-caryophyllene : A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves.. beta-caryophyllene : A sesquiterpene with a [7.2.0]-bicyclic structure comprising fused 9- and 4-membered rings, with a trans-ring junction, a trans-double bond between the 4- and 5-positions of the 9-membered ring, a methylidene group at position 9, and methyl groups at positions 3, 11, and 11. The most commonly occurring form is the (1R,9S)-(-)-enantiomer, which is found in many essential oils, particularly clove oil.. cannabinoid : A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin.	3.31	1	0	beta-caryophyllene	fragrance; insect attractant; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	7.31	1	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
amentoflavone [no description available]	2.81	3	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite
apigenin dimethylether apigenin dimethylether: a dimethoxy analog of apigenin from roots of Rhus undulata and possibly other plants. apigenin 7,4'-dimethyl ether : A dimethoxyflavone that is the 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of apigenin.	3.31	1	0	dimethoxyflavone; monohydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	12.51	228	2	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	5.19	14	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
datiscetin datiscetin : A tetrahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' and 5.	2.11	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone
3,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone 3,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone: structure in first source	2.25	1	0	hydroxyflavan
diosmetin [no description available]	2.55	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
diosmin [no description available]	2.55	2	0	dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant
fisetin [no description available]	4.91	6	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
galangin 5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.	4.53	7	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; trihydroxyflavone	antimicrobial agent; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
genkwanin genkwanin: structure. genkwanin : A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	metabolite
gossypin gossypin: do not confuse with gossypin(e) which is synonym for choline. gossypin : A glycosyloxyflavone that is gossypetin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 8 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.57	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; pentahydroxyflavone	neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
hispidulin hispidulin : A monomethoxyflavone that is scutellarein methylated at position 6.	2	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	9.64	7	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	6.99	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	3.82	2	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.	3.02	4	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anticoagulant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite
kaempferide kaempferide: structure in first source. kaempferide : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.	2.6	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antihypertensive agent; metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	3.43	7	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
myricetin [no description available]	4.67	8	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
myricitrin myricitrin: isolated from root bark of Myrica cerifera L.; structure. myricitrin : A glycosyloxyflavone that consists of myricetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Myrica cerifera, it exhibits anti-allergic activity.	3.65	2	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; pentahydroxyflavone	anti-allergic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite
norwogonin norwogonin : A trihydroxyflavone with the hydroxy groups at positions C-5, -7 and -8.	2.25	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
orientin orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.	2.54	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; C-glycosyl compound; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
quercetagetin quercetagetin: structure given in first source; inhibits aldose reductase in rat lens. quercetagetin : A hexahydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	4.16	4	0	flavonols; hexahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
rhamnetin rhamnetin: aglycone of xanthorhamnin; from Rhamnus. rhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position 7.	2.05	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
sciadopitysin sciadopitysin: biflavonoid from Taxus celebica & Ginkgo biloba. sciadopitysin : A biflavonoid that is a 7, 4', 4'''-trimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone.	2.31	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; methoxyflavone; ring assembly	bone density conservation agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor
scutellarein scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.	3.23	5	0	tetrahydroxyflavone	metabolite
tamarixetin tamarixetin: isolated from Costsus spicatus. tamarixetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position O-4'. Isolated from Cyperus teneriffae.	2.11	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	8.02	86	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.	2.07	1	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	7.97	4	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol	2.6	1	0	stilbenoid
polydatin trans-piceid : A stilbenoid that is trans-resveratrol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; polyphenol; stilbenoid	anti-arrhythmia drug; antioxidant; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; nephroprotective agent; potassium channel modulator
pterostilbene [no description available]	3.41	1	0	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
chicoric acid chicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integrase	2.61	2	0	organooxygen compound	geroprotector; HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
forsythiaside forsythiaside: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source; from the unripe fruit of Forsythia suspensa (qinglianquiao)	3.33	6	0	hydroxycinnamic acid
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	2.1	1	0	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.	9.46	6	0	catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
orobol orobol: from Aspergillus niger or Streptomyces neyagawaensis; potent inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol kinase. orobol : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones which consists of isoflavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis.	2.01	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	anti-inflammatory agent; fungal metabolite; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.	2.21	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone	anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	3.86	3	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
flupenthixol cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.	2.46	2	0	flupenthixol	dopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215	2.07	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide 17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.07	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid; steroid glucosiduronic acid
l 660,711 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	quinolines
7-hydroxyflavone 7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.	2.52	2	0	hydroxyflavonoid
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	2.01	1	0	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
4',7-dihydroxyflavone 4',7-dihydroxyflavone: inducer of nod gene. 4',7-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.	2.25	1	0	dihydroxyflavone	metabolite
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	2.04	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
indocyanine green [no description available]	2.04	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	2.07	1	0	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	2.05	1	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.	2.11	1	0	1-acylglycerol 18:1; monooleoylglycerol	plant metabolite
menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	4.61	1	1
hyodeoxycholic acid hyodeoxycholic acid: differs from deoxycholic acid in that the 6 alpha-OH is in the 12 position in the former; RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta,6alpha)-isomer. hyodeoxycholic acid : A member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by alpha-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 6.	2.73	3	0	5beta-cholanic acids; 6alpha,20xi-murideoxycholic acid; bile acid; C24-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	2.73	3	0	homodetic cyclic peptide	anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite
dorzolamide dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	2.6	1	0	sulfonamide; thiophenes	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	4.61	1	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	2.6	1	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone: structure in first source. 4',6,7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 6.	2.01	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	anti-inflammatory agent; antimutagen; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite; PPARalpha agonist; PPARgamma agonist
menaquinone 7 menaquinone-7 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.	4.61	1	1	menaquinone	bone density conservation agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
brefeldin a [no description available]	3.31	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.	2.04	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.	3.25	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2.1	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
peridinin peridinin: structure	3.31	1	0
benzyloxycarbonyl-phe-ala-fluormethylketone cathepsin B inhibitor : A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1).	2.82	2	0
n-(n-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)alanyl)phenylglycine tert-butyl ester DAPT : A dipeptide consisting of alanylphenylglycine derivatised as a 3,5-difluorophenylacetamide at the amino terminal and a tert-butyl ester at the carboxy terminal. A gamma-secretase inhibitor.	2.6	1	0	carboxylic ester; difluorobenzene; dipeptide; tert-butyl ester	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
seglitide seglitide: more potent than somatostatin for inhibition of insulin, glucagon & growth hormone release; used experimentally in treatment of Alzheimer's disease; somatostatin receptor antagonist	2.04	1	0
casticin casticin: from fruit of Vitex rotundifolia; structure in second source. casticin : A tetramethoxyflavone that consists of quercetagetin in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 6, 7 and 4' have been replaced by methoxy groups. It has been isolated from Eremophila mitchellii.	2.6	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; tetramethoxyflavone	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
bilobetin bilobetin: a phospholipase A2 antagonist	2.31	1	0	flavonoid oligomer
isochlorogenic acid [no description available]	2.49	2	0	quinic acid
corylin corylin: from Psoralea corylifolia (Leguminosae), has osteoblastic proliferation stimulating activity; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
linarin linarin: flavone glycoside isolated from leaves of Linaria japonica MIQ	2.86	3	0
glycitein glycitein : A methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis.	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavone; methoxyisoflavone	fungal metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
andrographolide [no description available]	3.64	2	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
icaritin icaritin: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
icariin [no description available]	4.62	7	0	flavonols; glycosyloxyflavone	antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen
licochalcone a licochalcone A: has both anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities; structure given in first source; isolated from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata; RN given refers to (E)-isomer	3.31	1	0	chalcones
luteolin 4'-o-glucoside luteolin 4'-O-glucoside: from Kummerowia striata. luteolin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from Olea europaea.	2.05	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
apigenin-7-o-beta-d-glucuronide [no description available]	3.31	1	0	flavonoids; glucosiduronic acid
sappanchalcone sappanchalcone: RN given from Toxline; RN not in Chemline 3/85; structure given in first source. sappanchalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 4' and a methoxy group at position 2'. Isolated from Caesalpinia sappan, it exhibits neuroprotective and cytoprotective activity.	2.05	1	0	catechols; chalcones; monomethoxybenzene	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
baicalein-7-o-glucoside baicalein-7-O-glucoside: isolated from Oroxylum indicum; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one: isolated from the Chinese herb Scutellariae radix. oroxylin A : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-6.	4.21	16	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
spiraeoside spiraeoside: from flowers of Filipendula ulmaria (L.); structure given in first source. quercetin 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 4'.	2.11	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavonols; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
(E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside: Tyrosinase inhibitor from Polygonum multiflorum; structure in first source. (E)-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside : A stilbenoid that is trans-stilbene which has been substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 5, and 4', and in which the hydroxy group at positon 2 has then been converted to the corresponding the beta-D-glucoside.	2.6	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; resorcinols; stilbenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor
3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone: from the Sudanese medicinal plant Albizia zygia; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	flavones
caryophyllene caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	7.13	1	0
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	2.07	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
tyrphostin ag 555 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
su 11248 [no description available]	3.31	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	10.03	2	1	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
bay 11-7082 (E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen located beta,trans to the cyano group is replaced by a tosyl group. It is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells.	2.13	1	0	nitrile; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound
pd 151746 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	2	1	0
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.85	3	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	4.61	1	1	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	7.76	3	0	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
cefodizime cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.01	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.79	3	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
verteporfin (2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.	2.6	1	0
batimastat batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; L-phenylalanine derivative; organic sulfide; secondary carboxamide; thiophenes; triamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	3.04	4	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
noreugenin noreugenin : A member of the class of chromones in which the 1,4-benzopyrone skeleton is substituted with a methyl group at position 2 and with hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7. A natural product, it is found in Pisonia aculeata.	1.98	1	0	chromones; resorcinols	plant metabolite
puerarin [no description available]	4.02	13	0	C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid
apigenin-7-o-glucuronide apigenin-7-O-glucuronide: from the leaves and flowers of the cannabinoid-free cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa L., Cannabaceae); structure in first source	2.25	1	0	flavonoids; glucosiduronic acid
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	2.07	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
3,7-dihydroxyflavone 3,7-dihydroxyflavone: structure in first source. 7-hydroxyflavonol : Any flavonol carrying a 7-hydroxy substituent.	2.45	2	0	hydroxyflavan
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.03	1	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	5.49	4	1	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone	apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
cinanserin Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.	3.82	2	0	aryl sulfide; cinnamamides; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
solanesol solanesol : A nonaprenol that is hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol substituted by 9 methyl groups at positions 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35 (the all-trans0stereoisomer).	2.6	1	0	nonaprenol; primary alcohol	plant metabolite
pepstatin pepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsin	2.6	1	0	pentapeptide; secondary carboxamide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
l 685458 L 685458: a gamma-secretase inhibitor; structure in first source. L-685,458 : A peptide and carboxamide that is L-leucyl-L-phenylalaninamide, L-Leu-L-Phe-NH2, which has been acylated on the N-terminus by a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene dipeptide isotere, 2R-benzyl-5S-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4R-hydroxy-6-phenylhexanoic acid. Compounds based on the structure of L-685,458 are potent inhibitors of gamma-secretase, which mediates the final catalytic step that generates the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta), which assembles into the neurotoxic aggregates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; peptide; secondary alcohol	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor; peptidomimetic
guajavarin guajavarin: from leaves of Psidium guajava	3.51	1	0
narcissin flavonol narcissin flavonol: flavanol glycoside from Strumpfia maritima; do not confuse with other narcissin in Chemline, an alkaloid (lycorine (NM))	2.07	1	0	disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone
baohuoside i baohuoside I: structure given in first source; isolated from the herb Epimedium davidii	2.21	1	0	glycosyloxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
avicularin avicularin: from Polygonum aviculare L.; RN given refers to L-isomer. avicularin : A quercetin O-glycoside in which an alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl residue is attached at position 3 of quercetin via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated particularly from Juglans regia and Foeniculum vulgare.	3.31	1	0	alpha-L-arabinofuranoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
alpinumisoflavone alpinumisoflavone: extract from twigs of poisonous British plant	2.01	1	0	isoflavanones	metabolite
bms 806 BMS 806: prevents entry of HIV into cells by binding HIV envelope protein gp120; no further info available 4/2002	2.6	1	0
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone [no description available]	2.6	1	0
tulobuterol hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organic molecular entity
salubrinal salubrinal: prevents dephosphorylation of eIF2alpha; structure in first source. salubrinal : A member of the class of quinolines that is a mixed aminal resulting from the formal condensation oftrichloroacetaldehyde with the amide nitrogen of trans-cinnamamide and the primary amino group of 1-quinolin-8-ylthiourea. It is a selective inhibitor of cellular complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2alpha).	2.6	1	0	aminal; organochlorine compound; quinolines; secondary carboxamide; thioureas
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	2	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
quercetin 7-rhamnoside quercetin 7-rhamnoside: has antiviral activity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. quercetin 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.31	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; flavonols; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	metabolite
N-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanyl-L-valyl-N-{(2S,3E)-5-(benzyloxy)-5-oxo-1-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-3-en-2-yl}-L-leucinamide N-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanyl-L-valyl-N-{(2S,3E)-5-(benzyloxy)-5-oxo-1-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-3-en-2-yl}-L-leucinamide : A tripeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-[(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanyl-L-valine with the amino group of benzyl (2E,4S)-4-(L-leucylamino)-5-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-2-enoate. It is an inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2.	3.86	2	0	benzyl ester; isoxazoles; pyrrolidin-2-ones; tripeptide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.	2.07	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite
columbianadin columbianadin: furanocoumarin isolated from Peucedanum palustre; RN given refers to columbianadin, (S-(Z))-isomer. columbianadin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of angelic acid with the hydroxy group of 2-[(8S)-2-oxo-8,9-dihydro-2H-furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-8-yl]propan-2-ol.	2.07	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; furanocoumarin	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite; rat metabolite
germacrone germacrone: isolated from Curcuma wenyujin	2.6	1	0	germacrane sesquiterpenoid; olefinic compound	androgen antagonist; anti-inflammatory agent; antifeedant; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antitussive; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; hepatoprotective agent; insecticide; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
(2e,4e,6e,10e)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid (2E,4E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,4,6,10,14-hexadecapentaenoic acid: an acyclic retinoid that suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
rupintrivir rupintrivir: a rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitor	3.41	1	0
lithospermic acid [no description available]	2.6	1	0
laq824 LAQ824: Histone deacetylase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
ekb 569 EKB 569: an EGF receptor kinase inhibitor	2.6	1	0	aminoquinoline; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	protein kinase inhibitor
axitinib [no description available]	4.61	1	1	aryl sulfide; benzamides; indazoles; pyridines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
salvianolic acid B salvianolic acid B: isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. salvianolic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza	7.21	1	0	1-benzofurans; catechols; dicarboxylic acid; enoate ester; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
rilpivirine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aminopyrimidine; nitrile	EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
alpha-cyperone alpha-cyperone: isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
(1Ar,7aS,10aS,10bS)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octahydrooxireno[9,10]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one [no description available]	2.6	1	0	germacranolide
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid [no description available]	2.59	2	0	quinic acid
indigo carmine 3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.	2.6	1	0
Ethyl (E,4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]pent-2-enoate [no description available]	2.31	1	0	dipeptide	anticoronaviral agent
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.07	1	0
beta-escin [no description available]	3.12	5	0
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	2.46	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	2.15	1	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
mdl 201053 MDL 201053: Immunosuppressive Agent; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation	2.31	1	0
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	2.6	1	0	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
ginsenoside rb2 [no description available]	2.1	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antiviral agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone [no description available]	2.6	1	0	oligopeptide
vildagliptin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
belinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; olefinic compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
pep005 3-ingenyl angelate: protein kinase C agonist and antineoplastic; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
hdac-42 HDAC-42: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
pinostrobin pinostrobin: structure in first source. pinostrobin : A monohydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively.	2.31	1	0	ether; flavonoids
isoborneol isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.91	3	0	borneol
cyclo(leucyl-prolyl) cyclo(leucyl-prolyl): structure in first source. cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide composed from leucyl and prolyl residues.	3.31	1	0	dipeptide; homodetic cyclic peptide; pyrrolopyrazine	bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite
5-Chloro-3-pyridinyl 2-furoate [no description available]	2.31	1	0	carboxylic ester	anticoronaviral agent
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.6	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
gs-7340 tenofovir alafenamide: component of Biktarvy. tenofovir alafenamide : An L-alanine derivative that is isopropyl L-alaninate in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an (S)-({[(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)(phenoxy)phosphoryl group. A prodrug for tenofovir, it is used (as the fumarate salt) in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	2.6	1	0	6-aminopurines; ether; isopropyl ester; L-alanine derivative; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
poloxin poloxin: a polo-box domain inhibitor; structure in first source	3.51	1	0
radafaxine radafaxine: a bupropion metabolite; radafaxine is a (+)-isomer of hydroxybupropion	2.05	1	0
iniparib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound
n-(2-amino-5-fluorobenzyl)-4-(n-(pyridine-3-acrylyl)aminomethyl)benzamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0
pri-2205 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
mk 0752 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
givinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
ginsenoside f1 ginsenoside F1: from ginseng. ginsenoside F1 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.1	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 6alpha-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	apoptosis inhibitor; plant metabolite
pd 144418 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
bicyclol bicyclol: an antihepatitis drug, on the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in rats.	2.6	1	0
midostaurin midostaurin : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is the N-benzoyl derivative of staurosporine.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; gamma-lactam; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	2.07	1	0	oligopeptide
ly 450139 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	peptide
ginsenoside m1 ginsenoside M1: structure in first source. ginsenoside C-K : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.02	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	4.03	13	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
carbobenzoxy-leucyl-leucyl-norvalinal carbobenzoxy-leucyl-leucyl-norvalinal: structure given in first source	3.41	1	0	peptide
rivaroxaban Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide; lactam; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; organochlorine compound; oxazolidinone; thiophenes	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	2.54	2	0	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
sb 3ct compound SB 3CT compound: a matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
sja 6017 N-(4-fluorophenylsulfonyl)-L-valyl-L-leucinal: structure in first source	3.41	1	0
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	3.19	5	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
sp 100030 N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide: transcription factor inhibitor specific to T-cells	2.31	1	0
ginsenoside f2 ginsenoside F2: isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng. ginsenoside F2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.1	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
ginsenoside rg3 ginsenoside Rg3: from Red ginseng; inhibits lung metastasis of tumor cells; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.1	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
sorbitan monooleate [no description available]	4.61	1	1	fatty acid ester
(2s,3as,7as)-1-(((r,r)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)carbonyl)-2-((thiazolidin-3-yl)carbonyl)octahydro-1h-indole S 17092-1: structure in first source; inhibits proline endopeptidase	3.15	1	0
rucaparib AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	azepinoindole; caprolactams; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
gw0742 GW 610742: structure in first source	2.31	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
6h-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine-6-acetamide, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3,9-trimethyl-, (6s)- [no description available]	2.6	1	0	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound
zeolites [no description available]	2.31	1	0
pitolisant pitolisant: functions as both inverse agonist and antagonist of histamine H3 receptors; structure in first source	4.61	1	1	organochlorine compound
cetilistat cetilistat: lipase inhibitor in randomized, placebo-controlled study of weight reduction in obese patients (3/2007)	2.6	1	0	benzoxazine
ym 201636 6-amino-N-(3-(4-(4-morpholinyl)pyrido(3',2'-4,5)furo(3,2-d)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide: an antiviral agent; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide
benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(o-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal benzyloxycarbonyl-isoleucyl-glutamyl(O-tert-butyl)-alanyl-leucinal: inhibits chymotrypsin activity of the proteasome	2.31	1	0
4-(alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)ellagic acid 4-(alpha-rhamnopyranosyl)ellagic acid: structure in first source	2.01	1	0	tannin
osu 03012 OSU 03012: a PDK-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	3.31	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; aromatic amide; glycine derivative; organofluorine compound; phenanthrenes; pyrazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
araloside a araloside A: structure given in first source; isolated from the root bark of Aralia chinesis L.	2.15	1	0	triterpenoid saponin	metabolite
linagliptin Linagliptin: A purine and quinazoline derivative that functions as an INCRETIN and DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBTOR. It is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT in the treatment of TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS.. linagliptin : A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type II diabetes.	2.6	1	0	aminopiperidine; quinazolines	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
sepantronium sepantronium: a survivin suppressant with antineoplastic activity. sepantronium : An organic cation that is 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione in which the nitrogen at position 3 of the napthoimidazole moiety has been alkylated by a pyrazin-2-ylmethyl group.	2.31	1	0	organic cation
azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
odanacatib odanacatib: a selective inhibitor of cathepsin K for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
heptakis(2,6-o-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin heptakis(2,6-O-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin: stimulant for Bordetella pertussis Phase I	2.1	1	0
apilimod [no description available]	2.6	1	0
apixaban [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; lactam; piperidones; pyrazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
licoflavone c licoflavone C: Antimutagenic Agent; a naturally occurring prenyl-flavone extracted from Genista ephedroides; structure in first source	3.31	1	0
betrixaban betrixaban: a highly potent, selective, and orally efficacious factor Xa inhibitor; structure in first source. betrixaban : A secondary carboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(N,N-dimethylcarbamimidoyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of 2-amino-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-methoxybenzamide. A synthetic anticoagulant compound that targets activated factor Xa in the coagulation cascade.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; guanidines; monochloropyridine; monomethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
edoxaban edoxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is used (as its tosylate monohydrate) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.	2.6	1	0	chloropyridine; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound; thiazolopyridine	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sotrastaurin sotrastaurin: a potent protein kinase C-selective inhibitor; structure in first source. sotrastaurin : A member of the class of maleimides that is maleimide which is substituted at position 3 by an indol-3-yl group and at position 4 by a quinazolin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted at position 2 by a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group. It is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C and has been investigated as an immunosuppresant in renal transplant patients.	3.25	1	0	indoles; maleimides; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	anticoronaviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
saracatinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; diether; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; oxanes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	2.02	1	0
ko 143 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	beta-carbolines; tert-butyl ester
n-(3-amino-1-(cyclobutylmethyl)-2,3-dioxopropyl)-3-(2-((((1,1-dimethylethyl)amino)carbonyl)amino)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-carboxamide boceprevir : A synthetic tripeptide consisting of N-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl, a cyclopropyl-fused prolyl and 3-amino-4-cyclobutyl-2-oxobutanamide residues joined in sequence. Used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection.	4.17	3	0	tripeptide; ureas	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
bavachinin bavachinin: do not confuse with bavachin	2.1	1	0	flavanones
ccx282-b CCX282-B: antagonist of CCR9 chemokine receptor	3.35	1	0
triptohypol C triptohypol C : A pentacyclic triterpenoid with formula C29H40O4, originally isolated from the root bark of Tripterygium regelii.	2.31	1	0	benzenediols; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
ly 411575 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	dibenzoazepine; difluorobenzene; lactam; secondary alcohol	EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor
galidesivir [no description available]	4	2	0
PB28 PB28 : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin that is substituted by 3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl and methoxy groups at positions 1 and 5, respectively. It is a sigma 2 (sigma2) receptor agonist (Ki = 0.68 nM) and exhibits antineoplastic and anti SARS-CoV-2 activities.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; piperazines; tetralins	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; sigma-2 receptor agonist
Diosmetin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside [no description available]	2.21	1	0	flavonoids; glycoside
kyp 2047 [no description available]	3.15	1	0
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2-benzothiazol-3-one [no description available]	2.31	1	0	benzothiazoles
degrasyn degrasyn: a JAK2 kinase inhibitor that induces rapid degradation of c-Myc protein in MM-1 multiple myeloma and other tumor cell lines; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
epoxomicin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	morpholines; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
polymyxin b(1) [no description available]	3.35	1	0
bms 477118 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	adamantanes; azabicycloalkane; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile; tertiary alcohol	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
pha 680632 PHA 680632: Aurora kinase inhibitor with potent antitumoral activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
malvidin-3-glucoside oenin: pigment found in red wine	2.05	1	0
tmc 353121 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
procyanidin b1 procyanidin B1 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin units joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' respectively in a beta-configuration.. Procyanidin B1 can be found in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark or cortex), in Uncaria guianensis (cat's claw, in the root), and in Vitis vinifera (common grape vine, in the leaf) or in peach.	2.05	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavan; polyphenol; proanthocyanidin	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; metabolite
amd 070 mavorixafor: a derivative of AMD3100; a CXCR4 blocker	2.6	1	0	aminoquinoline
danoprevir [no description available]	2.6	1	0
nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.	2.46	2	0	nystatins
np 031112 tideglusib: an NSAID and neuroprotective agent. tideglusib : A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a naphthalen-1-yl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) and has neuroprotective effects. Currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.	3.82	2	0	benzenes; naphthalenes; thiadiazolidine	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
bms-626529 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
bms-663068 fostemsavir: an HIV-1 attachment inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
bi 2536 [no description available]	3.51	1	0
amenamevir ASP2151: a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, in a guinea pig model of genital herpes; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
vx 765 belnacasan: a NSAID	2.6	1	0	dipeptide
Dihydrotanshinone I dihydrotanshinone I: extracted from Radix Salviae	2.82	2	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
alogliptin alogliptin: structure in first source. alogliptin : A piperidine that is 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine carrying additional 2-cyanobenzyl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used in the form of its benzoate salt for treatment of type 2 diabetes.	2.6	1	0	nitrile; piperidines; primary amino compound; pyrimidines	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
fr 180204 FR 180204: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
quisinostat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	indoles
emamectin benzoate emamectin benzoate: 4'-deoxy-4'-epi-methylamino derivative of avermectin B1; structure given in first source. emamectin : A mixture of emamectin B1a (major component) and emamectin B1b (minor component).	7.6	1	0	emamectins
carfilzomib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	epoxide; morpholines; tetrapeptide	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
hcv 796 HCV 796: inhibits HCV RdRp; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
mk-0893 [no description available]	2.31	1	0
resminostat resminostat: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
lactimidomycin lactimidomycin: a glutarimide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces amphibiosporus	3.31	1	0	macrolide
ginsenoside rd ginsenoside Rd: RN refers to (3beta,12beta)-isomer. ginsenoside Rd : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to its beta-D-glucopyranoside.	2.1	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; apoptosis inducer; immunosuppressive agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; vulnerary
zk 756326 2-(2-(4-(3-phenoxybenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)ethanol: a CC chemokine receptor CCR8 agonist; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
balapiravir balapiravir: a prodrug of R1479; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
trametinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	acetamides; aromatic amine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound; organoiodine compound; pyridopyrimidine; ring assembly	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
deoxyarbutin 4-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)phenol: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
abexinostat abexinostat: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	benzofurans
silvestrol silvestrol: isolated from the fruit and twig of Aglaia silvestris. silvestrol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a, a methoxy group at C-8 and a 1,4-dioxan-2-yloxy group at position C-6 which in turn is substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group at position 6. Isolated from Aglaia silvestris, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.6	1	0	dioxanes; ether; methyl ester; organic heterotricyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
ginsenoside ro ginsenoside Ro: from ginseng; RN given refers to ginsenoside Ro, (all-D)-isomer	2.15	1	0	triterpenoid saponin	metabolite
narlaprevir narlaprevir: an antiviral agent that inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3 protease. narlaprevir : An azabicyclohexane that is (1R,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substituted by [(3S)-1-(cyclopropylamino)-1,2-dioxoheptan-3-yl]aminoacyl and N-({1-[(tert-butylsulfonyl)methyl]cyclohexyl}carbamoyl)-3-methyl-L-valyl groups at positions 2S and 3, respectively. It is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A serine protease inhibitor (Ki = 6 nM) that is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.	3.92	2	0	azabicyclohexane; cyclopropanes; pyrrolidinecarboxamide; secondary carboxamide; sulfone; tertiary carboxamide; ureas	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; hepatitis C protease inhibitor
2-(n-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose: fluorescent probe for glucose uptake activity in E coli; structure given in first source	2.57	2	0
teneligliptin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	1.99	1	0	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
veliparib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzimidazoles	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
pf 03491390 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
alloin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	anthracenes; C-glycosyl compound; cyclic ketone; phenols	laxative; metabolite
ginsenoside rc [no description available]	2.1	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
ginsenoside rb3 [no description available]	2.1	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antidepressant; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
prim-o-glucosylcimifugin prim-O-glucosylcimifugin: from Peucedanum dissolutum; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle
bavachin bavachin: from Psoralea corylifolia (Leguminosae), has osteoblastic proliferation stimulating activity; do not confuse with bavachinin	2.1	1	0
oroxylin a-7-o-glucuronide oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide: an inhibitor of prolyl oligopeptidase; isolated from Scutellaria racemosa and Scutellariae baicalensis; structure in first source. oroxylin A 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of oroxylin A.	2.81	3	0	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monohydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
derrone derrone: from Retama raetam flowers; structure in first source	3.31	1	0	isoflavonoid
mdv 3100 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; imidazolidinone; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; thiocarbonyl compound	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
Benzotriazol-1-yl 1H-indole-5-carboxylate [no description available]	2.31	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent
amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.46	2	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.99	4	0
bms-650032 asunaprevir: an NS3 protease inhibitor against hepatitis C virus	2.6	1	0	oligopeptide
rg 7128 2'-fluoro-2'-methyl-3',5'-diisobutyryldeoxycytidine: inhibits HCV polymerase; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	3.27	5	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	2.31	1	0	polypeptide
tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).	2.31	1	0	tannin
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	4.61	1	1	peptide hormone
oritavancin oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.	2.82	2	0	disaccharide derivative; glycopeptide; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
5-Bromopyridin-3-yl furan-2-carboxylate [no description available]	2.31	1	0	carboxylic ester	anticoronaviral agent
(5-Chloropyridin-3-yl) 1H-indole-5-carboxylate [no description available]	2.31	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent
5-Chloropyridin-3-yl 1H-indole-2-carboxylate [no description available]	2.31	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	10	2	1	glycoside
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	2.74	3	0
phenylmercuric acetate Phenylmercuric Acetate: A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide.	2.31	1	0	arylmercury compound; benzenes
thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.	2.31	1	0	alkylmercury compound	antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen
pevonedistat pevonedistat: a potent and selective inhibitor of NAE (NEDD8-activating enzyme). pevonedistat : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted by a (1S)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylnitrilo group at position 4 and by a (1S,3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-[(sulfamoyloxy)methyl]cyclopentyl group at position 7. It is a potent and selective NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.7 nM, and currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes.	2.6	1	0	cyclopentanols; indanes; pyrrolopyrimidine; secondary amino compound; sulfamidate	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
uk 453,061 UK 453,061: a reverse transcriptase inhibitor/anti-HIV agent; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether
N-(2-aminophenyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	1.98	1	0
ginsenoside rg2 ginsenoside Rg2: structure in first source; RN given refers to (6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-isomer. ginsenoside Rg2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.1	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anticoagulant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
notoginsenoside r2 notoginsenoside R2: from the roots of commercial ginseng	2.1	1	0	triterpenoid saponin
chitosan [no description available]	6.27	9	1
tegobuvir tegobuvir: a non-structural protein 5B polymerase inhibitor	2.6	1	0
pf-429242 PF-429242: a subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site-1 protease inhibitor	2.6	1	0
clavulanate potassium potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.	2.21	1	0	potassium salt	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
penicillin g sodium [no description available]	2.21	1	0	organic sodium salt
olaparib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	cyclopropanes; monofluorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; phthalazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
cx 4945 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
pci 34051 PCI 34051: an HDAC8 inhibitor	2.6	1	0	indolecarboxamide
lomibuvir lomibuvir: an antiviral agent with polymerase NS5 inhibitory activity	2.6	1	0	thiophenecarboxylic acid
delanzomib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	C-terminal boronic acid peptide; phenylpyridine; secondary alcohol; threonine derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; proteasome inhibitor
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	2.04	1	0
ethyl cellulose [no description available]	2.1	1	0	glycoside
pitavastatin(1-) pitavastatin(1-) : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of pitavastatin, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.6	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion
mk-1775 adavosertib: a Wee1 kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	3.51	1	0	piperazines
oxymatrine oxymatrine: structure in first source; has anti-apoptosis effects	2.42	2	0
GRL-0617 GRL-0617 : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-amino-2-methylbenzoic acid with the amino group of (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-amine. It is a potent noncovalent inhibitor (IC50 = 600 nM) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus papain-like protease (SARS-CoV PLpro).	4	2	0	benzamides; naphthalenes; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	anticoronaviral agent; protease inhibitor
N-[4-[3-[[[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]amino]-oxomethyl]-5-isoxazolyl]phenyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester CAY10603: a HDAC6 inhibitor	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester
niraparib niraparib: structure in first source. niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy.	2.6	1	0	2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
jzl 184 JZL 184: inhibits monoacylglycerol lipase; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	benzodioxoles
gsk 650394 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	phenylpyridine
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	3.56	1	1
oprozomib ONX 0912: antineoplastic; an orally active proteasome inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
az 960 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
(5-Chloropyridin-3-yl) 1H-indole-4-carboxylate [no description available]	2.31	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid	anticoronaviral agent
golgicide a golgicide A: inhibits the cis-golgi ArfGEF GBF1; structure in first source. golgicide A : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising racemic cis- and racemic trans-goglioside A in a 10:1 ratio. It is a potent and rapidly reversible GBF1 (Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1) inhibitor. The (3aS,4R,9bR) isomer is the most active (see Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2012, 22, 5177-5181).	2.6	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture	cis-Golgi ArfGEF GBF inhibitor
cobicistat [no description available]	2.6	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; ureas	P450 inhibitor
bms-790052 daclatasvir: an HCV NS5A inhibitor. daclatasvir : A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C.	2.6	1	0	biphenyls; carbamate ester; carboxamide; imidazoles; valine derivative	antiviral drug; nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
ixazomib ixazomib: a proteasome inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; MLN2238 is the biologically active form of MLN9708; structure in first source. ixazomib : A glycine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)glycine with the amino group of [(1R)-1-amino-3-methylbutyl]boronic acid. The active metabolite of ixazomib citrate, it is used in combination therapy for treatment of multiple myeloma.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; boronic acids; dichlorobenzene; glycine derivative	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite; orphan drug; proteasome inhibitor
ucph 101 2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
5-(3-methylsulfonylphenyl)-4-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aryl sulfide; thienopyrimidine
glycolipids [no description available]	5.1	2	1
baricitinib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	azetidines; nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antirheumatic drug; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
KOM70144 KOM70144 : A benzamide that is GRL-0617 in which one of the hydrogen's of the primary amino group is replaced by an acetyl group. It an inhibitor of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) with an IC50 of 2.6 muM and 5.0 muM, respectively. It also inhibits SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells in vitro (EC50 values are 13.1 and 21 muM, respectively).	2.6	1	0	acetamides; benzamides; naphthalenes; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; protease inhibitor
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	4.61	1	1
e-52862 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
ly2811376 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	6.15	9	1
anagliptin anagliptin: anagliptin hydrochloride salt is the active compound	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
phillyrin [no description available]	8.15	5	0
gypenoside XVII gypenoside XVII : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.1	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
gardiquimod [no description available]	2.6	1	0
grazoprevir grazoprevir: has antiviral activity; component of Zepatier. grazoprevir : An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; azamacrocycle; carbamate ester; cyclopropanes; lactam; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; quinoxaline derivative	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent
abt-450 paritaprevir: inhibits HCV NS3 protease. paritaprevir : An azamacrocycle which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.6	1	0
letermovir letermovir: has antiviral activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
Benzyl N-[(2S)-3-methyl-1-[[(2S)-4-methyl-1-oxo-1-[[(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]-1-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)propan-2-yl]amino]pentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate [no description available]	2.31	1	0	dipeptide	anticoronaviral agent
colistin Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	7.82	2	0
sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	3.82	2	0	isopropyl ester; L-alanyl ester; nucleotide conjugate; organofluorine compound; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; prodrug
5-(4-amino-1-propan-2-yl-3-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine sapanisertib: an mTOR inhibitor	5.12	2	1	benzoxazole
blz 945 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
azd3839 AZD3839: a BACE1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
pf 3084014 nirogacestat: an antineoplastic agent. nirogacestat : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole substituted by a 1-[(2,2-dimethylpropyl)amino]-2-methylpropan-2-yl group at position 1 and a {N-[(2S)-6,8-difluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl]-L-norvalyl}amino group at position 4. It is a gamma-secretase inhibitor whose hydrobromide salt is indicated for adult patients with progressing desmoid tumours who require systemic treatment.	2.6	1	0
unc 0638 UNC 0638: inhibits lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	quinazolines
gs-9620 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
amg-837 AMG-837: GPR40 agonist	2.31	1	0
n-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide N-((5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide: structure in first source	2.6	1	0
peoniflorin [no description available]	2.07	1	0
bms 708163 BMS 708163: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	oxadiazole; ring assembly
(20R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20R)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-R positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.1	1	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antioxidant; plant metabolite
N-[(1R)-2-(tert-butylamino)-2-oxo-1-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl]-N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-furancarboxamide [no description available]	2.31	1	0	aromatic amide; furans
jq1 compound [no description available]	2.6	1	0	carboxylic ester; organochlorine compound; tert-butyl ester; thienotriazolodiazepine	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; ferroptosis inducer
1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone 1-(5-((2,4-difluorophenyl)thio)-4-nitrothiophen-2-yl)ethanone: a USP7 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
gsk525762a molibresib: mimicks acetylated histones; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	benzodiazepine
ML240 ML240 : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2, 5 and 8 by 2-amino-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, benzylnitrilo and methoxy groups, respectively. It is a ATP-competetive inhibitor of AAA ATPase p97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP).	2.6	1	0	aromatic amine; aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; primary amino compound; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent
birinapant birinapant: a Smac mimetic with antineoplastic activity	2.6	1	0	dipeptide
ly2886721 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
nms-p118 NMS-P118: a PARP-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
tubastatin a [no description available]	2.6	1	0	hydroxamic acid; pyridoindole; tertiary amino compound	EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
pracinostat pracinostat : A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxyacrylamide which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl group (the E isomer). An orally available pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor with demonstrated activity in the treatment of advanced solid tumours.	2.6	1	0	benzimidazole; hydroxamic acid; olefinic compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
spautin-1 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	2.46	2	0
isoquercitrin [no description available]	2.52	2	0
ldn 57444 LDN 57444: inhibitor of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
gsk1210151a GSK1210151A: inhibitor of the BET family of proteins; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	imidazoquinoline
i-bet726 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
tatanan a tatanan A: from the rhizomes of Acorus tatarinowii Schott; structure in first source	3.31	1	0
gardenoside gardenoside: structure given in first source; RN given refers to 1S(1alpha,4alpha,7alpha,7aalpha)-isomer. gardenoside : A cyclopentapyran that is 7-deoxyloganin with a methyl and hydrogen replaced by hydroxy and hydroxymethyl groups at position 7.	2.42	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; cyclopentapyran; enoate ester; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; tertiary alcohol	metabolite
acy-1215 ricolinostat: an HDAC6 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	pyrimidinecarboxylic acid
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	4.61	1	1
cudc-907 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.81	3	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	8.12	5	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.06	1	0
piroxicam [no description available]	2.46	2	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.6	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	3.47	7	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
6-o-palmitoylascorbic acid [no description available]	2.21	1	0	fatty acid ester
tipranavir tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.	2.79	3	0	sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
tasquinimod tasquinimod: a lead second generation quinoline-3-carboxamide anti-angiogenic agent for the treatment of prostate cancer; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
gsk1265744 [no description available]	2.6	1	0	difluorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary carboxamide	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
abt-267 ombitasvir: inhibits HCV NS5A protein, component of Viekirax. ombitasvir : A dipeptide derivative which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.6	1	0	aromatic amide; carbamate ester; dipeptide; pyrrolidines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
abt-333 dasabuvir: an antiviral agent. dasabuvir : A member of the class of pyrimidone, which is (as the monohydrate of its sodium salt) in combination with ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; naphthalenes; pyrimidone; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor
rgfp966 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
rg2833 RG2833: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
betalains Betalains: Compounds derived from TYROSINE via betalamic acid, including BETAXANTHINS and BETACYANINS. They are found in the Caryophyllales order of PLANTS and some BASIDIOMYCETES.	3.41	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	3.6	7	0
pi-1840 PI-1840: has both antineoplastic and proteasome inhibitory activities; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
acy-738 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
pelabresib CPI-0610: a bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organic heterotricyclic compound; primary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor
gs-5806 presatovir: a respiratory syncytial virus entry inhibitor	2.6	1	0
doravirine [no description available]	2.6	1	0
gn6958 GN6958: inhibits SUMO-sentrin specific protease 1 (SENP1); structure in first source	2.6	1	0
vx-787 pimodivir: non‐nucleotide inhibitor of the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) subunit of the influenza A that is active against H1N1, H7N9 and H5N1, as well as influenza A strains with reduced susceptibility to NAIs	2.6	1	0
ledipasvir ledipasvir : A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	2.6	1	0	azaspiro compound; benzimidazole; bridged compound; carbamate ester; carboxamide; fluorenes; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor
gs-5816 velpatasvir: an NS5A inhibitor used for treating hepatitis C infections. velpatasvir : A complex organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the brand name Epclusa) for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C of all six major genotypes.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ring assembly	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
g007-lk G007-LK: potent and specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-n-hydroxybenzamide 4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-N-hydroxybenzamide: inhibits HDAC6; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
selinexor selinexor: inhibits karyopherin XPO1	2.6	1	0
verdinexor verdinexor: a selective inhibitor of nuclear export	2.6	1	0
cb-839 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
mk-8742 elbasvir: inhibits NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus. elbasvir : A complex organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with grazoprevir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.	2.6	1	0	carbamate ester; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent
atglistatin atglistatin: inhibits adipose triglyceride lipase; structure in first source. atglistatin : A biphenyl that is 1,1'-biphenyl substituted by (dimethylcarbamoyl)amino and dimethylamino groups at positions 3 and 4', respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase activity (IC50 = 700nM).	2.6	1	0
xen445 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
santacruzamate a santacruzamate A: HDAC2 inhibitor from the Panamanian marine cyanobacterium cf. Symploca sp.; structure in first source	2.6	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.78	3	0
limbrel flavocoxid: a mixture of baicalin and catechin used as an NSAID	4.8	2	1
ldc4297 LDC4297: a CDK7 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. LDC4297 : A pyrazolotriazine that is pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine substituted by a piperidin-3-yloxy group, [2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzyl]nitrilo group and an isopropyl group at positions 2, 4 and 8 respectively. It is a potent and selective CDK7 inhibitor and exhibits antiviral activity.	2.6	1	0	aromatic ether; piperidines; pyrazoles; pyrazolotriazine; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	2	1	0
enasidenib [no description available]	2.6	1	0	1,3,5-triazines; aminopyridine; aromatic amine; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.42 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) inhibitor
bictegravir bictegravir: HIV Integrase Inhibitors. bictegravir : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R,5S,13aR)-8-hydroxy-7,9-dioxo-2,3,4,5,7,9,13,13a-octahydro-2,5-methanopyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazepine-10-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 2,4,6-trifluorobenzylamine. It is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) and used (as its sodium salt) for the treatment of HIV-1.	2.31	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary carboxamide; trifluorobenzene	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
lewis x antigen Lewis X Antigen: A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.	2.11	1	0
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	7.11	1	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.13	1	0
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	3.36	6	0
s 8932 [no description available]	4.21	3	0	aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; carboxylic ester; nitrile; phosphoramidate ester; pyrrolotriazine	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; prodrug
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.47	2	0
catalpol catalpol: component of dihuang; RN given refers to (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta,5abeta,6beta,6aalpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	4.61	1	1
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.82	3	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.51	2	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	2.13	1	0
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	2.66	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.57	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
nu 1025 NU 1064: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	phenols; quinazolines	EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	7.44	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.21	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	3.12	4	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.46	2	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.	2.6	1	0	purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir [no description available]	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
valacyclovir Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.	2.79	3	0	L-valyl ester	antiviral drug
sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.	2.54	2	0	piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.	2.6	1	0	2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols	antiviral drug
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.54	2	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.	2.43	2	0	formyltetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-hydroxyquinazoline 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline: structure in first source	2.6	1	0	quinazolines
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	2.6	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
norclozapine norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.	2.6	1	0	dibenzodiazepine; organochlorine compound; piperazines	delta-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	2.6	1	0	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
aprepitant Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.	2.6	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; cyclic acetal; morpholines; triazoles	antidepressant; antiemetic; neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist; peripheral nervous system drug; substance P receptor antagonist
azilsartan azilsartan: an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker; receptor blocker. azilsartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group and at position 1 by a 2'-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl group. Used (as the prodrug, azilsartan medoxomil) for treatment of hypertension.	2.6	1	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; aromatic ether; benzimidazolecarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent
hesperadin [no description available]	2.6	1	0
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.06	1	0
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.07	1	0	guanosines	biomarker
6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime 6-bromoindirubin-3'-acetoxime: a synthetic derivative of a compound from the Mediterranean mollusk Hexaplex trunculus, protects cells from varicella infection	2.6	1	0
amg531 [no description available]	2.31	1	0
n'-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthahydrazide [no description available]	2.6	1	0	catechols; hydrazide; hydrazone; naphthols	EC 3.6.5.5 (dynamin GTPase) inhibitor
XL413 XL413 : A benzofuropyrimidine that is 3,4-dihydro[1]benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine substituted by (2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl, oxo and chloro groups at positions 2, 4, and 8, respectively. It is a potent ATP competitive inhibitor of Cdc7 kinase (IC50 = 3.4 nM) and exhibits anticancer properties.	2.6	1	0	benzofuropyrimidine; organochlorine compound; pyrrolidines	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
me0328 ME0328: inhibits ARTD3; structure in first source	2.6	1	0
nvp-tnks656 [no description available]	2.6	1	0
acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.	4.61	1	1
N-[(2S)-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxo-1-({(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}amino)propan-2-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide N-[(2S)-3-cyclohexyl-1-oxo-1-({(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}amino)propan-2-yl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3-cyclohexyl-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-alaninamide. It is an inhibitor of SARS coronavirus main proteinase and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture (EC50 = 0.53 muM).	2.31	1	0	aldehyde; indolecarboxamide; oligopeptide; pyrrolidin-2-ones; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
3-fluoro-Nalpha-(1H-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide 3-fluoro-Nalpha-(1H-indol-2-ylcarbonyl)-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 3-fluoro-N-{(2S)-1-oxo-3-[(3S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]propan-2-yl}-L-phenylalaninamide. It is an inhibitor of SARS coronavirus main proteinase and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture (EC50 = 0.72 muM).	3.86	2	0	aldehyde; indolecarboxamide; monofluorobenzenes; oligopeptide; pyrrolidin-2-ones; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	7.45	2	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	2.46	2	0
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	2.93	1	0
tetrafluoroaluminate tetrafluoroaluminate: induces inositol phosphate formation	2.01	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	16.86	27	16
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	2.5	2	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	4.59	9	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	7.34	37	1
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	9.59	9	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	7.34	37	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	5.74	7	1
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	5.74	7	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	18.11	226	81
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	13.41	97	17
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	5.8	6	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	13.41	97	17
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	5.8	6	1
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	2.61	2	0
Chickungunya Fever [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	9.71	9	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	4.71	9	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	3.12	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	4.72	5	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	4.72	5	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	5.25	10	1
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	5.25	10	1
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	10.45	15	9
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	9.67	19	4
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	9.67	19	4
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.66	2	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	4.28	17	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	3.81	9	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	4.28	17	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	3.81	9	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	3.91	9	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	3.91	9	0
Eperythrozoonosis [description not available]	5.32	5	2
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	5.87	10	2
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	4.19	5	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	4.19	5	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	4.57	8	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	5.12	40	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	10.12	40	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	3.28	5	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	2.91	3	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	3.28	5	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	2.91	3	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	4.06	5	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	9.06	5	0
Aura [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	2.55	2	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	4.77	9	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	6.74	10	2
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	6.74	10	2
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	6.43	8	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	6.43	8	1
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	2.41	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	10.97	32	9
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	3.28	5	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	10.97	32	9
Melanoma, Amelanotic An unpigmented malignant melanoma. It is an anaplastic melanoma consisting of cells derived from melanoblasts but not forming melanin. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	2.41	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	5.36	4	1
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	5.36	4	1
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	6.31	11	1
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	6.31	11	1
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	4.74	23	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	8.92	15	4
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	8.92	15	4
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	8.87	12	4
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	3.23	5	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	8.87	12	4
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	3.23	5	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	2.9	2	0
Developmental Coordination Disorder [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	2.9	2	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	8.44	6	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	10.39	17	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	6.85	8	1
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	5.39	17	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	6.85	8	1
Recrudescence [description not available]	4.92	2	1
Abortion, Tubal [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.	2.52	2	0
Icterus [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	7.41	1	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	4.35	18	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	3.83	11	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	3.83	11	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	4.35	18	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	2.69	2	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	10.78	21	9
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	6.7	19	1
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	2.61	2	0
Alcoholic Fatty Liver [description not available]	7.55	2	0
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	2.41	1	0
Autism [description not available]	7.41	1	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	4.92	2	1
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	2.41	1	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	7.41	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	4.09	14	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	2.41	1	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	3.03	4	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	3.03	4	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	3.68	2	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	3.68	2	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	4.43	20	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	6.24	6	2
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	4.43	20	0
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	2.76	2	0
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	7.76	2	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	3.97	4	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	3.97	4	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	5.15	3	1
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	5.15	3	1
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	7.69	2	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	2.96	3	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	3.47	2	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	2.96	3	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	3.47	2	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	7.6	1	0
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus [description not available]	2.85	3	0
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.	2.85	3	0
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	8.07	3	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	3.07	3	0
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	7.41	1	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	7.88	3	0
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	3.65	7	0
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	3.65	7	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	5.93	8	1
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	5.21	9	1
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	2.41	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.66	2	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	4.37	6	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	3.98	4	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	3.98	4	0
Exophthalmos Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.	2.41	1	0
Exertional Heat Illness [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	2.41	1	0
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available]	3.52	4	0
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.	3.52	4	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	3.5	7	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	3.5	7	0
Bed Sores [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Pressure Ulcer An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.	7.41	1	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	3.36	5	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	3.36	5	0
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)	2.6	1	0
Airway Remodeling The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.	5.15	3	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	6.25	12	1
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	6.25	12	1
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	7.6	1	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	2.6	1	0
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	2.6	1	0
Inflammation, Endodontic [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Pulpitis Inflammation of the DENTAL PULP, usually due to bacterial infection in dental caries, tooth fracture, or other conditions causing exposure of the pulp to bacterial invasion. Chemical irritants, thermal factors, hyperemic changes, and other factors may also cause pulpitis.	2.6	1	0
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis [description not available]	3.88	3	0
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.	3.88	3	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	11.29	6	2
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	6.29	6	2
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	3.62	7	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	3.62	7	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	2.94	3	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	3.25	5	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	2.94	3	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.25	5	0
Grippe [description not available]	2.94	3	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	2.94	3	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	2.6	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	8.59	14	4
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	8.6	14	4
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	8.59	14	4
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	8.6	14	4
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	3.65	8	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	3.65	8	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	2.6	1	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	7.6	1	0
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	2.72	2	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.96	3	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.96	3	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	3.42	7	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	3.42	7	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	2.69	2	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	3.8	9	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	3.8	9	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	3.5	6	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	4.96	2	1
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	3.5	6	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	10.48	5	1
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	10.48	5	1
Chondrodystrophic Myotonia [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Gait Disorders, Animal [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Pericementitis [description not available]	3.58	8	0
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	3.58	8	0
Lichen Planus, Oral Oral lesions accompanying cutaneous lichen planus or often occurring alone. The buccal mucosa, lips, gingivae, floor of the mouth, and palate are usually affected (in a descending order of frequency). Typically, oral lesions consist of radiating white or gray, velvety, threadlike lines, arranged in a reticular pattern, at the intersection of which there may be minute, white, elevated dots or streaks (Wickham's striae). (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry)	2.21	1	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	2.21	1	0
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	2.21	1	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	5.97	8	1
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.21	1	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	8.03	4	0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	7.25	1	0
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	7.25	1	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	2.52	2	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	2.25	1	0
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.21	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	3.84	10	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	3.84	10	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	6.47	15	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	5.39	4	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	6.57	16	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	5.39	4	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	6.57	16	1
Vascular Injuries [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	4	2	1
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	9	2	1
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	8.33	6	0
Rotavirus Infections Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.	2.69	2	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	4.17	3	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	4.17	3	1
Carditis [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	2.57	2	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.9	3	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	2.9	3	0
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	2.61	2	0
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)	2.61	2	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	3.42	2	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	3.42	2	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	2.25	1	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	7.91	6	4
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	12.91	6	4
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	4.88	2	1
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	4.88	2	1
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.63	2	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	14.65	49	49
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.43	1	1
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Hibernation, Myocardial [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	9.94	11	9
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	5.08	3	1
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Apoplexy [description not available]	5.7	6	1
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	5.53	5	1
Ductal Carcinoma [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	5.29	4	1
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	4.43	1	1
Bone Fractures [description not available]	4.85	2	1
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	7.55	4	4
Primary Graft Dysfunction A form of ischemia-reperfusion injury occurring in the early period following transplantation. Significant pathophysiological changes in MITOCHONDRIA are the main cause of the dysfunction. It is most often seen in the transplanted lung, liver, or kidney and can lead to GRAFT REJECTION.	4.43	1	1
Atheroma [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Lower Urinary Tract Symptom [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	9.74	9	9
Adolescent Obesity [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	5.51	5	1
Thyroid Cancer, Anaplastic [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	5.18	3	1
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates usually from cells on the surface of the middle and lower third of the ESOPHAGUS. Tumor cells exhibit typical squamous morphology and form large polypoid lesions. Mutations in RNF6, LZTS1, TGFBR2, DEC1, and WWOX1 genes are associated with this cancer.	4.43	1	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	4.76	2	1
Anoxemia [description not available]	5.65	6	1
Amaurosis [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	5.14	3	1
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	4.43	1	1
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	7.7	5	4
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	4.85	2	1
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	4.88	2	1
Anasarca [description not available]	5.51	5	1
Cutis Elastica [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Exanthem [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	11.38	16	16
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	5.03	3	1
Bleeding [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	7.55	4	4
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	4.43	1	1
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Hypermobility, Joint [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	7.7	5	4
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Metastase [description not available]	8.14	8	4
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	4.85	2	1
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	10.04	13	9
Prediabetes [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Blood Clot [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	4.88	2	1
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	4.43	1	1
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	5.01	3	1
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	4.8	2	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	7.55	4	4
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Hangman Fracture [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia [description not available]	4.43	1	1
Eye Infections, Fungal Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.	4.43	1	1
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	9.74	9	9
Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.	4.43	1	1
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	5.18	3	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	4.76	2	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	10.65	6	1
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	4.43	1	1
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	5.65	6	1
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	4.43	1	1
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	7.7	5	4
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	7.55	4	4
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	4.43	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	4.88	2	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	5.51	5	1
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome A heterogeneous group of autosomally inherited COLLAGEN DISEASES caused by defects in the synthesis or structure of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are numerous subtypes: classical, hypermobility, vascular, and others. Common clinical features include hyperextensible skin and joints, skin fragility and reduced wound healing capability.	4.43	1	1
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	4.43	1	1
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	4.43	1	1
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	11.38	16	16
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	5.03	3	1
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	4.43	1	1
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	7.55	4	4
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	4.43	1	1
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	4.43	1	1
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	4.43	1	1
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	7.7	5	4
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	4.43	1	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	8.14	8	4
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	4.8	2	1
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	4.43	1	1
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	4.85	2	1
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	10.04	13	9
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	10	12	9
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	4.43	1	1
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	4.43	1	1
Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.	4.43	1	1
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	4.43	1	1
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	4.88	2	1
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	4.43	1	1
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	9.86	2	1
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	4.43	1	1
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	4.43	1	1
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	5.01	3	1
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	4.8	2	1
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column.	4.43	1	1
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	7.55	4	4
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	4.43	1	1
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.	4.43	1	1
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	9.94	11	9
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	5.08	3	1
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	4.43	1	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	5.7	6	1
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).	4.43	1	1
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	4.43	1	1
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	5.53	5	1
Carcinoma, Ductal Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.	4.43	1	1
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	4.43	1	1
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	4.85	2	1
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	7.55	4	4
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	5.51	5	1
Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic An aggressive THYROID GLAND malignancy which generally occurs in IODINE-deficient areas in people with previous thyroid pathology such as GOITER. It is associated with CELL DEDIFFERENTIATION of THYROID CARCINOMA (e.g., FOLLICULAR THYROID CARCINOMA; PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER). Typical initial presentation is a rapidly growing neck mass which upon metastasis is associated with DYSPHAGIA; NECK PAIN; bone pain; DYSPNEA; and NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS.	4.43	1	1
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	4.57	4	1
Root Resorption Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.66	2	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	4.83	6	1
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	7.25	1	0
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	2.25	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	7.25	1	0
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	2.55	2	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	2.25	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	2.99	4	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	2.25	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	2.25	1	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	3.53	2	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	3.76	3	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	3.53	2	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	3.76	3	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	2.69	2	0
Infections, Salmonella [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Fowl Paralysis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Gestational Hypertension [description not available]	7.69	2	0
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (	2.69	2	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	2.88	3	0
Co-infection [description not available]	7.66	2	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Avian Flu [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	2.25	1	0
Influenza in Birds Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.	2.25	1	0
Postoperative Cognitive Complications COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT or functional decline after a surgical procedure.	2.25	1	0
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension A progressive rare pulmonary disease characterized by high blood pressure in the PULMONARY ARTERY.	7.31	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	2.31	1	0
Asystole [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	2.31	1	0
Ache [description not available]	5.32	4	1
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	5.32	4	1
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	2.61	2	0
Infections, Pasteurellaceae [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Mycoplasma dispar Infection [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	7.31	1	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	2.96	3	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	7.96	3	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	2.31	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.61	2	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.61	2	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.31	1	0
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	7.31	1	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	2.15	1	0
ADDH [description not available]	3.26	5	0
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)	3.26	5	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	3.45	7	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	3.45	7	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	2.15	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	3	4	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	8	4	0
Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.	2.49	2	0
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.	2.49	2	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	7.54	2	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.88	3	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.88	3	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	7.75	3	0
Myoglobinuria The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.	2.17	1	0
Plica Syndrome [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	2.15	1	0
Binge Alcohol Consumption [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Allergy, Food [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	2.15	1	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	7.15	1	0
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.15	1	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	2.58	2	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	7.17	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.	2.17	1	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	2.17	1	0
Avian Leukosis A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere.	7.17	1	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	2.55	2	0
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	2.58	2	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	7.55	2	0
Infections, Picornaviridae [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	3.02	4	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	3.02	4	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.17	1	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	2.74	3	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	2.17	1	0
Joint Pain [description not available]	7.17	1	0
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	2.17	1	0
Infectious Endophthalmitis Infectious condition of the internal eye.	2.21	1	0
Endophthalmitis Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.	2.21	1	0
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	2.17	1	0
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	7.17	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.21	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	2.21	1	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.17	1	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	2.61	2	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	2.21	1	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	2.21	1	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.	2.21	1	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	2.5	2	0
Drug-Induced Cochlear Toxicity [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Ototoxicity Damage to the EAR or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	7.21	1	0
Caliciviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.	2.21	1	0
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	2.81	3	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	2.79	3	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.79	3	0
Amentia [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	7.08	1	0
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	7.8	3	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	2.1	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.07	1	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.	2.48	2	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.08	1	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	2.08	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	2.48	2	0
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	7.08	1	0
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	2.1	1	0
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	7.1	1	0
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	2.1	1	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	4.38	4	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	4	13	0
Anhedonia Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA).	2.1	1	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	2.75	3	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	2.52	2	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	3.01	1	0
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	3.01	1	0
Retrolental Fibroplasia [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Retinopathy of Prematurity A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.11	1	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	2.1	1	0
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	7.1	1	0
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	7.52	2	0
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.	2.52	2	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	3.01	1	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	3.01	1	0
Blastocyst Disintegration [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	3.48	1	1
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	3.48	1	1
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	2.11	1	0
Angiitis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	2.11	1	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.13	1	0
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	3.5	1	1
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	3.5	1	1
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	2.74	3	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.76	3	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	2.11	1	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	2.13	1	0
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	2.13	1	0
Newcastle Disease An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by an AVULAVIRUS called NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis.	2.13	1	0
Craniofacial Pain [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.	2.13	1	0
Bacteroidaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family BACTEROIDACEAE.	2.13	1	0
Spermatic Cord Torsion The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost.	2.15	1	0
Wasting Disease [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.13	1	0
Staphylococcal Pneumonia [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Pneumonia, Staphylococcal Pneumonia caused by infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS, usually with STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.	2.51	2	0
Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.	2.47	2	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.15	1	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	2.15	1	0
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Endomyocardial Fibrosis A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).	2.15	1	0
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	2.15	1	0
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	2.15	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.46	2	0
Adnexitis Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS).	2.04	1	0
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.	2.04	1	0
MODS [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	2.74	3	0
Air Embolism [description not available]	7.05	1	0
Infections, Chlamydia [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Chlamydia Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.	2.46	2	0
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	4.35	1	1
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	4.35	1	1
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	2.05	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.05	1	0
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.05	1	0
Bacterial Meningitides [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Meningitis, Bacterial Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, and are readily cured by excision. The high-grade behave aggressively, widely infiltrate the salivary gland and produce lymph node and distant metastases. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas account for about 21% of the malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 10% of the sublingual gland. They are the most common malignant tumor of the parotid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240)	2.06	1	0
Itching [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	2.05	1	0
Neointima The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.	7.05	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	7.05	1	0
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	2.06	1	0
Lymphogranuloma Inguinale [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	2.96	4	0
Altitude Hypoxia Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.	2.06	1	0
Altitude Sickness Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.	2.06	1	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	2.07	1	0
Absence Status [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	2.07	1	0
Colonic Diseases, Functional Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.	2.07	1	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	2.07	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	7.08	1	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.08	1	0
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Whooping Cough A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.	2.91	4	0
Dermatomycoses Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.	2	1	0
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available]	2	1	0
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria.	2	1	0
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2	1	0
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	2	1	0
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.	2.01	1	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.01	1	0
Fibroid [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	2.02	1	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	2.02	1	0
Respiratory Syndrome, Acute, Severe [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.	2.93	1	0
Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.	2.02	1	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.03	1	0
Heatstroke [description not available]	7.03	1	0
Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure) [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	7.03	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	2.03	1	0
Heat Stroke A condition caused by the failure of body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment or during PHYSICAL EXERTION in a hot environment. Contrast to HEAT EXHAUSTION, the body temperature in heat stroke patient is dangerously high with red, hot skin accompanied by DELUSIONS; CONVULSIONS; or COMA. It can be a life-threatening emergency and is most common in infants and the elderly.	2.03	1	0
Intracranial Hypertension Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.	7.42	2	0
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	2.03	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	7.43	2	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.43	2	0
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.	2.04	1	0
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	1.99	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	1.99	1	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	2.41	2	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	2	1	0
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	6.97	1	0

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